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Huang S, Liu D, Han L, Deng J, Wang Z, Jiang J, Zeng L. Decoding the potential role of regulatory T cells in sepsis-induced immunosuppression. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350730. [PMID: 38430202 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis, a multiorgan dysfunction with high incidence and mortality, is caused by an imbalanced host-to-infection immune response. Organ-support therapy improves the early survival rate of sepsis patients. In the long term, those who survive the "cytokine storm" and its secondary damage usually show higher susceptibility to secondary infections and sepsis-induced immunosuppression, in which regulatory T cells (Tregs) are evidenced to play an essential role. However, the potential role and mechanism of Tregs in sepsis-induced immunosuppression remains elusive. In this review, we elucidate the role of different functional subpopulations of Tregs during sepsis and then review the mechanism of sepsis-induced immunosuppression from the aspects of regulatory characteristics, epigenetic modification, and immunometabolism of Tregs. Thoroughly understanding how Tregs impact the immune system during sepsis may shed light on preclinical research and help improve the translational value of sepsis immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Huang
- Department of Trauma Medical Center, Daping Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Trauma Medical Center, Daping Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Han
- Department of Trauma Medical Center, Daping Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Deng
- Department of Emergency, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Trauma Medical Center, Daping Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianxin Jiang
- Department of Trauma Medical Center, Daping Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Zeng
- Department of Trauma Medical Center, Daping Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Paterson CW, Fay KT, Chen CW, Klingensmith NJ, Gutierrez MB, Liang Z, Coopersmith CM, Ford ML. CTLA-4 Checkpoint Inhibition Improves Sepsis Survival in Alcohol-Exposed Mice. Immunohorizons 2024; 8:74-88. [PMID: 38226924 PMCID: PMC10835704 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2300060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic alcohol use increases morbidity and mortality in the setting of sepsis. Both chronic alcohol use and sepsis are characterized by immune dysregulation, including overexpression of T cell coinhibitory molecules. We sought to characterize the role of CTLA-4 during sepsis in the setting of chronic alcohol exposure using a murine model of chronic alcohol ingestion followed by cecal ligation and puncture. Results indicated that CTLA-4 expression is increased on CD4+ T cells isolated from alcohol-drinking septic mice as compared with either alcohol-drinking sham controls or water-drinking septic mice. Moreover, checkpoint inhibition of CTLA-4 improved sepsis survival in alcohol-drinking septic mice, but not water-drinking septic mice. Interrogation of the T cell compartments in these animals following pharmacologic CTLA-4 blockade, as well as following conditional Ctla4 deletion in CD4+ T cells, revealed that CTLA-4 deficiency promoted the activation and proliferation of effector regulatory T cells and the generation of conventional effector memory CD4+ T cells. These data highlight an important role for CTLA-4 in mediating mortality during sepsis in the setting of chronic alcohol exposure and may inform future approaches to develop targeted therapies for this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron W. Paterson
- Department of Surgery, Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA
- Lieutenant, Medical Corps, Naval Reserve Officer Training Corp, United States Navy, Atlanta, GA
| | - Katherine T. Fay
- Department of Surgery, Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA
| | - Ching-Wen Chen
- Department of Surgery, Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA
| | - Nathan J. Klingensmith
- Department of Surgery, Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA
| | - Melissa B. Gutierrez
- Department of Surgery, Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA
| | - Zhe Liang
- Department of Surgery, Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA
| | - Craig M. Coopersmith
- Department of Surgery, Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA
| | - Mandy L. Ford
- Department of Surgery, Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA
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Chen Y, Guo DZ, Zhu CL, Ren SC, Sun CY, Wang Y, Wang JF. The implication of targeting PD-1:PD-L1 pathway in treating sepsis through immunostimulatory and anti-inflammatory pathways. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1323797. [PMID: 38193090 PMCID: PMC10773890 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1323797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis currently remains a major contributor to mortality in the intensive care unit (ICU), with 48.9 million cases reported globally and a mortality rate of 22.5% in 2017, accounting for almost 20% of all-cause mortality worldwide. This highlights the urgent need to improve the understanding and treatment of this condition. Sepsis is now recognized as a dysregulation of the host immune response to infection, characterized by an excessive inflammatory response and immune paralysis. This dysregulation leads to secondary infections, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), and ultimately death. PD-L1, a co-inhibitory molecule expressed in immune cells, has emerged as a critical factor in sepsis. Numerous studies have found a significant association between the expression of PD-1/PD-L1 and sepsis, with a particular focus on PD-L1 expressed on neutrophils recently. This review explores the role of PD-1/PD-L1 in immunostimulatory and anti-inflammatory pathways, illustrates the intricate link between PD-1/PD-L1 and sepsis, and summarizes current therapeutic approaches against PD-1/PD-L1 in the treatment and prognosis of sepsis in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - De-zhi Guo
- School of Basic Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng-long Zhu
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-chun Ren
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen-yan Sun
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-feng Wang
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Zhang M, Shi X, Zhao J, Guo W, Zhou J. Recruitment of myeloid‑derived suppressor cells and regulatory T‑cells is associated with the occurrence of acute myocardial infarction. Biomed Rep 2023; 19:55. [PMID: 37560314 PMCID: PMC10407468 DOI: 10.3892/br.2023.1637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The roles of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and regulatory T-cells (Tregs) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remain elusive. The present study aimed to analyze the proportions of the granulocytic and monocytic populations of MDSCs (G-MDSCs and M-MDSCs, respectively), and Tregs in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with AMI. The present study recruited 34 patients with AMI and 37 healthy controls without clinical signs of myocardial ischemia. PBMCs were isolated from the peripheral blood samples of patients with AMI within 24 h following admission to the hospital and from those of the healthy controls during a physical examination. Two subsets of MDSCs, G-MDSCs (CD15+CD33+CD11b+CD14-HLA-DRlow) and M-MDSCs (CD14+CD15-CD11b+HLA-DRlow), and Tregs (CD3+CD4+CD25highCD127low T-cells) in the PBMCs derived from the patients with AMI and healthy controls were analyzed using flow cytometry. The effects of MDSCs derived from patients with AMI on naïve CD4+ T-cells were examined in the co-culture system. The results revealed that the proportions of G-MDSCs and M-MDSCs were higher in the peripheral blood of patients with AMI than in that of the healthy controls. The patients with AMI had significantly higher numbers of programmed death-ligand (PD-L)1- and PD-L2-positive G-MDSCs and M-MDSCs compared with the healthy controls (P<0.05). The MDSCs could acquire a granulocytic phenotype following AMI, and the G-MDSCs and M-MDSCs would be more likely to express PD-L2 and PD-L1, respectively. The ratios of Tregs to CD4+ T-cells and PD-1+ Tregs in the peripheral blood of patients with AMI were significantly higher than those in the healthy controls (P<0.05). The results of flow cytometry demonstrated an increase in the numbers of inducible Tregs in the co-culture system with the G-MDSCs derived from patients with AMI compared with the G-MDSCs derived from the healthy controls (P<0.01). On the whole, the findings presented herein demonstrate the accumulation of MDSCs, and the upregulation of PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression on the surface of MDSCs in patients with AMI. MDSCs can induce the expansion of Tregs by binding PD-1 on the surface of Tregs, thus playing a crucial role in AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqiang Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohu Shi
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Jingquan Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, P.R. China
| | - Wenjia Guo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
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Li Y, Tan R, Li R, Tian R, Liu Z, Wang X, Chen E, Pan T, Qu H. PKM2/STAT1-mediated PD-L1 upregulation on neutrophils during sepsis promotes neutrophil organ accumulation by serving an anti-apoptotic role. J Inflamm (Lond) 2023; 20:16. [PMID: 37131151 PMCID: PMC10155438 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-023-00341-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delayed neutrophil apoptosis during sepsis may impact neutrophil organ accumulation and tissue immune homeostasis. Elucidating the mechanisms underlying neutrophil apoptosis may help identify potential therapeutic targets. Glycolysis is critical to neutrophil activities during sepsis. However, the precise mechanisms through which glycolysis regulates neutrophil physiology remain under-explored, especially those involving the non-metabolic functions of glycolytic enzymes. In the present study, the impact of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) on neutrophil apoptosis was explored. The regulatory effect of the glycolytic enzyme, pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), whose role in septic neutrophils remains unaddressed, on neutrophil PD-L1 expression was also explored. METHODS Peripheral blood neutrophils were isolated from patients with sepsis and healthy controls. PD-L1 and PKM2 levels were determined by flow cytometry and Western blotting, respectively. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-differentiated HL-60 cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as an in vitro simulation of septic neutrophils. Cell apoptosis was assessed by annexin V/propidium iodide (annexin V/PI) staining, as well as determination of protein levels of cleaved caspase-3 and myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) by Western blotting. An in vivo model of sepsis was constructed by intraperitoneal injection of LPS (5 mg/kg) for 16 h. Pulmonary and hepatic neutrophil infiltration was assessed by flow cytometry or immunohistochemistry. RESULTS PD-L1 level was elevated on neutrophils under septic conditions. Administration of neutralizing antibodies against PD-L1 partially reversed the inhibitory effect of LPS on neutrophil apoptosis. Neutrophil infiltration into the lung and liver was also reduced in PD-L1-/- mice 16 h after sepsis induction. PKM2 was upregulated in septic neutrophils and promoted neutrophil PD-L1 expression both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, PKM2 nuclear translocation was increased after LPS stimulation, which promoted PD-L1 expression by directly interacting with and activating signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1). Inhibition of PKM2 activity or STAT1 activation also led to increased neutrophil apoptosis. CONCLUSION In this study, a PKM2/STAT1-mediated upregulation of PD-L1 on neutrophils and the anti-apoptotic effect of upregulated PD-L1 on neutrophils during sepsis were identified, which may result in increased pulmonary and hepatic neutrophil accumulation. These findings suggest that PKM2 and PD-L1 could serve as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinjiaozhi Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ruoming Tan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ranran Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Rui Tian
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zhaojun Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Erzhen Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Tingting Pan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Hongping Qu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Li L, Li J. Dimerization of Transmembrane Proteins in Cancer Immunotherapy. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:393. [PMID: 37103820 PMCID: PMC10143916 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13040393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Transmembrane proteins (TMEMs) are integrated membrane proteins that span the entire lipid bilayer and are permanently anchored to it. TMEMs participate in various cellular processes. Some TMEMs usually exist and perform their physiological functions as dimers rather than monomers. TMEM dimerization is associated with various physiological functions, such as the regulation of enzyme activity, signal transduction, and cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we focus on the dimerization of transmembrane proteins in cancer immunotherapy. This review is divided into three parts. First, the structures and functions of several TMEMs related to tumor immunity are introduced. Second, the characteristics and functions of several typical TMEM dimerization processes are analyzed. Finally, the application of the regulation of TMEM dimerization in cancer immunotherapy is introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jingying Li
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
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Zhang P, Wang Y, Yang W, Yin Y, Li C, Ma X, Shi L, Li R, Tao K. 4-Octyl itaconate regulates immune balance by activating Nrf2 and negatively regulating PD-L1 in a mouse model of sepsis. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:6189-6209. [PMID: 36439878 PMCID: PMC9682535 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.74456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Sepsis is a major global health challenge with high mortality rates and no effective treatment. Recent studies have suggested that sepsis may be associated with immune system dysfunction. Itaconate may exert anti-inflammatory effects via Nrf2 signaling. Although Nrf2 regulates oxidative/exogenous stress responses and inhibits inflammatory responses, the mechanism via which Nrf2 regulates immune checkpoints in sepsis remains unclear. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the role of the Nrf2 signaling pathway in sepsis immunosuppression injury by exploring Nrf2 target genes in inflammatory macrophages in a mouse model of sepsis. Methods: We evaluated the effects of 4-octyl itaconate (OI) on pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in a mouse model of sepsis and RAW264.7 cells. In addition, we investigated if OI could inhibit LPS-induced oxidative stress by activating Nrf2 signaling in vitro and in vivo. Results: OI reduced the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines, thereby inhibiting inflammation. OI increased glutathione synthase (GSS) expression by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway to promote GSH synthesis, thus, inhibiting oxidative stress. OI inhibited the early release of inflammatory and oxidative stress-related factors to reduce tissue and organ injury in mice with sepsis, while Nrf2 interfered with PD-L1 induction and inhibited PD-L1 expression at an advanced stage to reduce the occurrence of sepsis immunosuppression. Conclusions: This study indicates that Nrf2 is a novel negative regulator of PD-L1 that functions at immune checkpoints and suggests an underlying mechanism for the anti-inflammatory process mediated by Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yaxin Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Wengchang Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yuping Yin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Chengguo Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xianxiong Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Liang Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ruidong Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Kaixiong Tao, 1277 Jie fang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China. Phone: 086-027-85351620, Fax number: 086-027-85351662, E-mail: ; Ruidong Li, 1277 Jie fang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China. Phone: 086-027-85351620, Fax number: 086-027-85351662, E-mail:
| | - Kaixiong Tao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Kaixiong Tao, 1277 Jie fang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China. Phone: 086-027-85351620, Fax number: 086-027-85351662, E-mail: ; Ruidong Li, 1277 Jie fang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China. Phone: 086-027-85351620, Fax number: 086-027-85351662, E-mail:
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Zhang Y, Mou GZ, Li TZ, Xu WT, Zhang T, Xue H, Zuo WB, Li YN, Luo YH, Jin CH. PD-1 Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy Malignant Tumor Based on Monotherapy and Combined Treatment Research. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2021; 20:15330338211004942. [PMID: 33759637 PMCID: PMC8093614 DOI: 10.1177/15330338211004942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, immunotherapy has become the fourth pillar of cancer treatment
in addition to surgery therapy, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.
The inhibitors of programed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand
PD-L1 are the new stars in immunotherapy, as they can overcome tumor
immunosuppression. However, the efficacy of PD-1 inhibitors still
needs to be further developed for clinical treatment. Therefore,
research into treatment with anti-PD-1 drugs has emerged as a new
development field. This review provides novel insights into the role
and mechanism of PD-1 combination anti-tumor therapy, thereby
promoting its clinical application in anti-tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | | | - Tian-Zhu Li
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Wan-Ting Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Hui Xue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Wen-Bo Zuo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Yan-Nan Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Ying-Hua Luo
- Department of Grass Science, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Cheng-Hao Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China.,Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China.,National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Daqing, China
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Jiang J, Hu B, Chung CS, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Tindal EW, Li J, Ayala A. SHP2 inhibitor PHPS1 ameliorates acute kidney injury by Erk1/2-STAT3 signaling in a combined murine hemorrhage followed by septic challenge model. Mol Med 2020; 26:89. [PMID: 32957908 PMCID: PMC7504828 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-020-00210-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypovolemic shock and septic challenge are two major causes of acute kidney injury (AKI) in the clinic setting. Src homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase 2 (SHP2) is one of the major protein phosphatase tyrosine phosphatase (PTPs), which play a significant role in maintaining immunological homeostasis by regulating many facets of immune cell signaling. In this study, we explored whether SHP2 signaling contributed to development of AKI sequential hemorrhage (Hem) and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and whether inactivation of SHP2 through administration of its selective inhibitor, phenylhydrazonopyrazolone sulfonate 1 (PHPS1), attenuated this injury. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to Hem (a "priming" insult) followed by CLP or sham-Hem plus sham-CLP (S/S) as controls. Samples of blood and kidney were harvested at 24 h post CLP. The expression of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), caspase3 as well as SHP2:phospho-SHP2, extracellular-regulated kinase (Erk1/2): phospho-Erk1/2, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3):phospho-STAT3 protein in kidney tissues were detected by Western blotting. The levels of creatinine (Cre) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in serum were measured according to the manufacturer's instructions. Blood inflammatory cytokine/chemokine levels were detected by ELISA. RESULTS We found that indices of kidney injury, including levels of BUN, Cre and NGAL as well as histopathologic changes, were significantly increased after Hem/CLP in comparison with that in the S/S group. Furthermore, Hem/CLP resulted in elevated serum levels of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, and induced increased levels of HMGB1, SHP2:phospho-SHP2, Erk1/2:phospho-Erk1/2, and STAT3:phospho-STAT3 protein expression in the kidney. Treatment with PHPS1 markedly attenuated these Hem/CLP-induced changes. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our data indicate that SHP2 inhibition attenuates AKI induced by our double-hit/sequential insult model of Hem/CLP and that this protective action may be attributable to its ability to mitigate activation of the Erk1/2 and STAT3 signaling pathway. We believe this is a potentially important finding with clinical implications warranting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihong Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, P.R. China
| | - Baoji Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University-Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 200433, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Shiang Chung
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Aldrich 227, Rhode Island Hospital/ the Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Yaping Chen
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Aldrich 227, Rhode Island Hospital/ the Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Yunhe Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, P.R. China
| | - Elizabeth W Tindal
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Aldrich 227, Rhode Island Hospital/ the Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Jinbao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, P.R. China
| | - Alfred Ayala
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Aldrich 227, Rhode Island Hospital/ the Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
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10
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Engagement of Posthemorrhagic Shock Mesenteric Lymph on CD4 + T Lymphocytes In Vivo and In Vitro. J Surg Res 2020; 256:220-230. [PMID: 32711179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune dysfunction is associated with posthemorrhagic shock mesenteric lymph (PHSML) return. To determine the proliferation and cytokine production capacity of CD4+ T lymphocytes, the effect of PHSML drainage on spleen CD4+ T lymphocytes in a mouse model of hemorrhagic shock was assessed. METHODS The normal spleen CD4+ T lymphocytes were in vitro incubated with either drained normal mesenteric lymph (NML), PHSML during hypotension (PHSML-H), or PHSML from 0 h to 3 h after resuscitation (PHSML-R) to verify direct proliferation effects of PHSML. RESULTS Hemorrhagic shock led to reduction of proliferation and mRNA expression of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and IL-2 receptor in CD4+ T lymphocytes and to decrease in IL-2 and interferon γ (IFN-γ) levels in supernatants. In contrast, the interleukin-4 levels were increased. These effects were reversed by PHSML drainage. Moreover, NML incubation promoted CD4+ T lymphocyte proliferation, whereas both PHSML-H and PHSML-R treatment had a biphasic effects on CD4+ T lymphocyte proliferation, exhibiting an enhanced effect at early stages and an inhibitory effect at later stages. Compared with NML, PHSML-H increased IL-2 expression at 12 h, but decreased expression of both IL-2 and IFN-γ at 24 h. By contrast, PHSML-R induced significant increases in IL-2 and IFN-γ levels at 24 h. Interleukin-4 expression in CD4+ T lymphocytes was reduced at 12 h, but augmented at 24 h after incubation with either PHSML-H or PHSML-R. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that PHSML has a direct inhibitory effect on CD4+ T lymphocyte proliferation that induces an inflammatory response, which is associated with cellular immune dysfunction.
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11
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Herpes Virus Entry Mediator (HVEM) Expression Promotes Inflammation/ Organ Injury in Response to Experimental Indirect-Acute Lung Injury. Shock 2020; 51:487-494. [PMID: 30531604 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic interventions to treat acute lung injury (ALI) remain largely limited to lung-protective strategies, as a real molecular pathophysiologically driven therapeutic intervention has yet to become available. While we have previously documented the expression of herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) on leukocytes of septic mice and critically ill patients, its functional role in shock/sepsis-induced ALI has not yet been studied. Inasmuch, a murine model of indirect ALI (iALI) was induced by hemorrhagic shock (HEM) followed by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), septic challenge and HVEM-siRNA or phosphate buffered saline was administrated by intratracheal instillation 2 h after hemorrhage to determine the role of HVEM in the development of experimental iALI. Indices of lung injury were measured. HVEM expression was significantly elevated in iALI mice. Compared with phosphate buffered saline treated iALI mice, HVEM knock-down by siRNA caused a reduction of cytokine/chemokine levels, myeloperoxidase activity, broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cell count and protein concentration. HVEM-siRNA treatment reduced inflammation and attenuated pulmonary architecture destruction as well as provided an early (60 h post HEM-CLP) survival benefit in iALI mice. This ability of anti-HVEM treatment to prevent the development of iALI and provide a transient survival benefit implies that mitigating signaling through HVEM may be a novel target worth further investigation.
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12
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Tim-3 Regulates Tregs' Ability to Resolve the Inflammation and Proliferation of Acute Lung Injury by Modulating Macrophages Polarization. Shock 2019; 50:455-464. [PMID: 29194342 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We recently reported that CD4CD25 regulatory T cells (Tregs) contributed to the recovery of patients with acute lung injury (ALI) by upregulating T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (Tim-3). However, the molecular mechanism by which Tim-3 regulates Tregs' function in the resolution and fibroproliferation after ALI remains unknown. In this study, we adoptively transferred Tim-3Tregs or Tim-3Tregs into lipopolysaccharide -induced ALI mice model. Data demonstrated that Tim-3Tregs not only decreased indices of lung inflammation and injury but also mitigated lung fibrosis after ALI. Furthermore, we observed that the transfer of Tim-3Tregs led to M2-like macrophage differentiation as demonstrated by significantly upregulated levels of M2-associated phenotypic markers as well as downregulated expressions of M1-related markers in both the profibrotic lung tissue and sorted pulmonary monocytes after ALI. In addition, cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-4 were also upregulated in lung tissues after Tim-3Tregs transferring. In vitro experiments further demonstrated that cell-contact cocultures with Tregs lacking Tim-3 presented decreased polarization of M2-like macrophages partially mediated by a decreased expression and function of STAT-3. Therefore, these data demonstrate a previously unrecognized function of Tim-3 on Tregs in their ability to repress the fibroproliferation of ALI by inducing alternative macrophages polarization. Moreover, the data highlight that Tim-3Tregs-mediated induction of M2-like macrophages may be a novel treatment modality with transitional potential.
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13
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Wong JJM, Leong JY, Lee JH, Albani S, Yeo JG. Insights into the immuno-pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:504. [PMID: 31728357 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.09.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a clinical syndrome associated with oxygenation failure resulting from a direct pulmonary or indirect systemic insult. It is a complex etiological phenomenon involving an array of immune cells acting in a delicate balance between pathogen clearance and immunopathology. There is emerging evidence of the involvement of different immune cell types in ARDS pathogenesis. This includes polarization of alveolar macrophages (AMs), neutrophil netosis, the pro-inflammatory response of T helper 17 subsets, and the anti-inflammatory and regenerative role of T regulatory cell subsets. Knowledge of these pathogenic mechanisms has led to translational opportunities, for example, research in the use of methylprednisolone, DNAse, aspirin, keratinocyte growth factor and in the development of stem cell therapy for ARDS. Discovering subgroups of patients with ARDS afflicted with homogenous pathologic mechanisms can provide prognostic and/or predictive insight that will enable precision medicine. Lastly, new high dimensional immunomic technologies are promising tools in evaluating the host immune response in ARDS and will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Ju Ming Wong
- Children's Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatric Subspecialty, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore.,Translational Immunology Institute, Singhealth/Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore
| | - Jing Yao Leong
- Translational Immunology Institute, Singhealth/Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore
| | - Jan Hau Lee
- Children's Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatric Subspecialty, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Salvatore Albani
- Translational Immunology Institute, Singhealth/Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore.,Division of Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Joo Guan Yeo
- Translational Immunology Institute, Singhealth/Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore.,Division of Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
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14
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Zhang Q, Sun H, Zhuang S, Liu N, Bao X, Liu X, Ren H, Lv D, Li Z, Bai J, Zhou X, Tang L. Novel pharmacological inhibition of EZH2 attenuates septic shock by altering innate inflammatory responses to sepsis. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 76:105899. [PMID: 31518916 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The function of histone methyltransferase enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) in sepsis remains unknown. We reported here that the expression of EZH2 and H3K27me3 was significantly upregulated in the circulation of septic patients, whereas patients who survived presented downregulated the expression of EZH2 on CD14+ monocytes. We further identified increased expression of EZH2 in the circulation, peritoneal fluid, and septic lungs from CLP mice. 3-DZNeP treated CLP mice improved mortality and protected from organ injury. EZH2 inhibition not only suppressed the activation of inflammatory cells and release of cytokines in the circulation and infectious sites, but also promoted bacteria clearance and replenished the circulating monocyte and neutrophil pool from bone marrow. Blockage of EZH2 also suppressed the progression of lung injury and alleviated inflammation by decreasing the pulmonary cell apoptosis, reducing inflammatory cells infiltration and cytokines release through inhibition of the STAT3 signaling pathway and recovery of PPARγ activation. In addition, EZH2 inhibitor blunted macrophage M1 polarization by SOCS3/STAT1 pathway. Overall, these data suggest that EZH2 could be a potential biomarker predicting clinical outcome and a new target for therapeutic interference in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhang
- Medical School/Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Internal Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, Shanghai East Hospital, Tong Ji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowei Bao
- Department of Internal Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, Shanghai East Hospital, Tong Ji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Xiandong Liu
- Department of Internal Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, Shanghai East Hospital, Tong Ji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Huijuan Ren
- Department of Internal Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, Shanghai East Hospital, Tong Ji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Diyu Lv
- Department of Internal Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, Shanghai East Hospital, Tong Ji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Medical School/Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Jianwen Bai
- Department of Internal Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, Shanghai East Hospital, Tong Ji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhou
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China.
| | - Lunxian Tang
- Department of Internal Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, Shanghai East Hospital, Tong Ji University, Shanghai 200120, China; Department of Internal Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, ji'an Hospital, Shanghai East Hospital, ji'an, jiangxi, China.
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15
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Li X, Yuan Z, Chen J, Wang T, Shen Y, Chen L, Wen F. Microarray analysis reveals the changes of circular RNA expression and molecular mechanism in acute lung injury mouse model. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:16658-16667. [PMID: 31106457 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe disease with sudden onset, rapid progression, poor treatment response, and high mortality. An increasing number of studies had found that circular RNAs (circRNAs) has significant functions in various diseases, while the role of circRNAs in ALI is not yet clear. The purpose of this study was to find circRNAs related to ALI and their mechanism of action. Expression profiles of lung circRNAs and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) were analyzed by microarray in the ALI mice models and healthy controlled mice. Differentially expressed RNAs were identified, function and pathways were analyzed by bioinformatics analysis. Moreover, the results of the microarray were verified by real-time PCR. We identified 2262 differentially expressed mRNAs and 581 circRNAs between ALI mice and control. Validation of candidate circRNAs by real-time PCR indicates that the majority of circRNAs identified by microarray are reliable and worthy of further study. ALI induced circRNAs primarily function in the metabolic regulatory process. Moreover, differentially expressed circRNAs were mainly involved in signaling pathways of mitogen-activated protein kinases, focal adhesion, FoxO, neurotrophin, and Wnt. In addition, a competitive endogenous RNA network was constructed to further interpret the molecular mechanism of ALI. This study observed significantly changed circRNAs profiles in LPS-induced mouse model and revealed a potential role of circRNAs in ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Zhicheng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yongchun Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Fuqiang Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
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16
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Lomas-Neira J, Monaghan SF, Huang X, Fallon EA, Chung CS, Ayala A. Novel Role for PD-1:PD-L1 as Mediator of Pulmonary Vascular Endothelial Cell Functions in Pathogenesis of Indirect ARDS in Mice. Front Immunol 2018; 9:3030. [PMID: 30619369 PMCID: PMC6306416 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficiency of the co-inhibitory receptor, Programmed cell death receptor (PD)-1, provides a survival benefit in our murine shock/sepsis model for the development of indirect acute respiratory distress syndrome (iARDS). Further, of clinical significance, patients that develop ARDS express increased PD-1 on their blood leukocytes. While PD-1 expression and its regulatory role have been associated with mainly T-cell responses, the contribution of its primary ligand, PD-L1, broadly expressed on non-immune cells such as lung endothelial cells (ECs) as well as immune cells, is less well-understood. Here we show that a “priming insult” for iARDS, such as non-lethal hemorrhagic shock alone, produced a marked increase in lung EC PD-L1 as well as blood leukocyte PD-1 expression, and when combined with a subsequent “trigger event” (polymicrobial sepsis), not only induced marked iARDS but significant mortality. These sequelae were both attenuated in the absence of PD-L1. Interestingly, we found that gene deficiency of both PD-1 and PD-L1 improved EC barrier function, as measured by decreased bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein (i.e., lung leak). However, PD-L1 deficiency, unlike PD-1, significantly decreased EC activation through the Angiopoietin/Tie2 pathway in our iARDS mice. Additionally, while PD-1 gene deficiency was associated with decreased neutrophil influx in our iARDS mice, EC monolayers derived from PD-L1 deficient mice showed increased expression of EC junction proteins in response to ex vivo TNF-α stimulation. Together, these data suggest that ligation of PD-1:PD-L1 may play a novel role(s) in the maintenance of pulmonary EC barrier regulation, beyond that of the classic regulation of the leukocyte tolerogenic immune response, which may account for its pathogenic actions in iARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Lomas-Neira
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital/Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Sean F Monaghan
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital/Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Xin Huang
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital/Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Eleanor A Fallon
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital/Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Chun-Shiang Chung
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital/Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Alfred Ayala
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital/Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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17
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Chen X, Tang L, Feng J, Wang Y, Han Z, Meng J. Downregulation of Paralemmin-3 Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Rats by Regulating Inflammatory Response and Inhibiting Formation of TLR4/MyD88 and TLR4/TRIF Complexes. Inflammation 2018; 40:1983-1999. [PMID: 28801798 PMCID: PMC7102376 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0639-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated paralemmin-3 (PALM3) participates in Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling. This study investigated the effect of PALM3 knockdown on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) and its underlying mechanisms. We constructed a recombinant adenoviral vector containing short hairpin RNA for PALM3 to knockdown PALM3 expression. A transgene-free adenoviral vector was used as a negative control. The ALI rat model was established by LPS peritoneal injection at 48-h post-transfection. Results showed that downregulation of PALM3 improved the survival rate, attenuated lung pathological changes, alleviated pulmonary edema, lung vascular leakage and neutrophil infiltration, inhibited the production of proinflammatory cytokines and activation of nuclear factor κB and interferon β regulatory factor 3, and promoted the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 and expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 in the ALI rat model. However, PALM3 knockdown had no effect on TLR4, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), and Toll-interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor inducing interferon β (TRIF) expression. Moreover, PALM3 knockdown reduced the interaction of TLR4 with MyD88 or TRIF induced by LPS in rat lungs. Therefore, the downregulation of PALM3 protected rats from LPS-induced ALI and its mechanisms were partially associated with the modulation of inflammatory responses and inhibition of TLR4/MyD88 and TLR4/TRIF complex formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuxin Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Navy General Hospital of the PLA, No. 6 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Lu Tang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, 430100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Feng
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Sixth People's Hospital of Jinan City Affiliated to Jining Medical College, Jinan, 250200, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihai Han
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Navy General Hospital of the PLA, No. 6 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100037, China.
| | - Jiguang Meng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Navy General Hospital of the PLA, No. 6 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100037, China.
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18
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Wang F, Fu X, Wu X, Zhang J, Zhu J, Zou Y, Li J. Bone marrow derived M 2 macrophages protected against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury through inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation by modulating neutrophils and T lymphocytes responses. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 61:162-168. [PMID: 29883961 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is characterized by aggravated inflammatory responses and the subsequent alveolar-capillary injury for which there are no specific therapies available currently. The present study was designed to investigate the protective roles of bone marrow derived M2 macrophages (M2 BMDMs) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced ALI. M2 BMDMs were obtained from bone marrow cells stimulated with M-CSF and IL-4. Mice received M2 BMDMs intratracheally 3 h after LPS administration. Histology and wet/dry (W/D) weight ratio, activated immune cells and total protein were detected. Cytokines production were measured in vivo and vitro study. The effects of PD-L1 blockade on M2 BMDMs were calculated. The results showed that M2 BMDMs administration reduced the infiltration of neutrophils, inhibited the oxidative stress, while increased the counts of CD3+T lymphocytes as well as CD4+CD25+ regulatory T lymphocytes. Further, M2 BMDMs suppressed the TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 production, while increased the IL-10 production. Blockade of PD-L1/PD-1 pathway reversed cytokines production of M2 BMDMs in the BALF. These findings indicated that M2 BMDMs might be a promising therapeutic strategy for LPS-induced ALI through inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation by modulating neutrophils and T lymphocytes responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20080, China; Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Changhai Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiazhen Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Xinwan Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20080, China
| | - Jianhai Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20080, China
| | - Jiali Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20080, China
| | - Yun Zou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20080, China; Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Changhai Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Jinbao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20080, China.
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19
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M2A and M2C Macrophage Subsets Ameliorate Inflammation and Fibroproliferation in Acute Lung Injury Through Interleukin 10 Pathway. Shock 2018; 48:119-129. [PMID: 27941591 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The role of M2 macrophages in the resolution and fibroproliferation of acute lung injury (ALI) is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of two M2 macrophage subtypes, M2a induced by interleukin (IL)-4/IL-13 and M2c induced by IL-10/transforming growth factor -β, on the pathogenesis of ALI. M2a and M2c were adoptively transferred into lipopolysaccharide-induced ALI mice model. Data showed that Vybrant-labeled macrophages appeared in the lungs of ALI mice. Subsequently, we observed that both subsets significantly reduced lung inflammation and injury including a reduction of neutrophil influx into the lung and an augmentation of apoptosis. Interestingly, M2c macrophages more effectively suppressed indices of lung injury than M2a macrophages. M2c macrophages were also more effective than M2a in reduction of lung fibrosis. In addition, we found that M2c but not M2a macrophages increased IL-10 level in lung tissues of the recipient ALI mice partially mediated by activating the JAK1/STAT3/suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 signaling pathway. After blocking IL-10, these superior effects of M2c over M2a were abolished. These data imply that M2c are more potent than M2a macrophages in protecting against lung injury and subsequent fibrosis due to their ability to produce IL-10. Therefore, reprogramming macrophages to M2c subset may be a novel treatment modality with transitional potential.
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20
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Biron BM, Chung CS, Chen Y, Wilson Z, Fallon EA, Reichner JS, Ayala A. PAD4 Deficiency Leads to Decreased Organ Dysfunction and Improved Survival in a Dual Insult Model of Hemorrhagic Shock and Sepsis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 200:1817-1828. [PMID: 29374076 PMCID: PMC5821587 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Indirect acute respiratory distress syndrome (iARDS) is caused by a nonpulmonary inflammatory process resulting from insults such as nonpulmonary sepsis. Neutrophils are thought to play a significant role in mediating ARDS, with the development of iARDS being characterized by dysregulation and recruitment of activated neutrophils into the lung. Recently, a novel mechanism of microbial killing by neutrophils was identified through the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs are composed of large webs of decondensed chromatin released from activated neutrophils into the extracellular space; they are regulated by the enzyme peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) through mediation of chromatin decondensation via citrullination of target histones. Components of NETs have been implicated in ARDS. However, it is unknown whether there is any pathological significance of NET formation in ARDS caused indirectly by nonpulmonary insult. We subjected PAD4-/- mice and wild-type mice to a "two-hit" model of hypovolemic shock (fixed-pressure hemorrhage [Hem]) followed by septic cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) insult (Hem/CLP). Mice were hemorrhaged and resuscitated; 24 h after Hem, mice were then subjected to CLP. Overall, PAD4 deletion led to an improved survival as compared with wild-type mice. PAD4-/- mice displayed a marked decrease in neutrophil influx into the lung, as well decreased presence of proinflammatory mediators. PAD4-/- mice were also able to maintain baseline kidney function after Hem/CLP. These data taken together suggest PAD4-mediated NET formation contributes to the mortality associated with shock/sepsis and may play a role in the pathobiology of end organ injury in response to combined hemorrhage plus sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany M Biron
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903
| | - Chun-Shiang Chung
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903
| | - Yaping Chen
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903
| | - Zachary Wilson
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903
| | - Eleanor A Fallon
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903
| | - Jonathan S Reichner
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903
| | - Alfred Ayala
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903
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21
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Fallon EA, Biron-Girard BM, Chung CS, Lomas-Neira J, Heffernan DS, Monaghan SF, Ayala A. A novel role for coinhibitory receptors/checkpoint proteins in the immunopathology of sepsis. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 103:10.1002/JLB.2MIR0917-377R. [PMID: 29393983 PMCID: PMC6314914 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2mir0917-377r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Coinhibitory molecules, such as PD-1, CTLA-4, 2B4, and BTLA, are an important new family of mediators in the pathophysiology of severe bacterial and/or fungal infection, as well as the combined insults of shock and sepsis. Further, the expression of these molecules may serve as indicators of the immune status of the septic individual. Using PD-1:PD-L as an example, we discuss in this review how such checkpoint molecules may affect the host response to infection by mediating the balance between effective immune defense and immune-mediated tissue injury. Additionally, we explore how the up-regulation of PD-1 and/or PD-L1 expression on not only adaptive immune cells (e.g., T cells), but also on innate immune cells (e.g., macrophages, monocytes, and neutrophils), as well as nonimmune cells during sepsis and/or shock contributes to functional alterations often with detrimental sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor A. Fallon
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, R.I., USA
| | - Bethany M. Biron-Girard
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, R.I., USA
| | - Chun-Shiang Chung
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, R.I., USA
| | - Joanne Lomas-Neira
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, R.I., USA
| | - Daithi S. Heffernan
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, R.I., USA
| | - Sean F. Monaghan
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, R.I., USA
| | - Alfred Ayala
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, R.I., USA
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22
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Lu FC, Nong GM. [Role of programmed death-1 in viral infectious diseases]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2018; 20:77-82. [PMID: 29335088 PMCID: PMC7390312 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The research on the immunoregulatory effect of programmed death-1 (PD-1) in infectious diseases mainly focuses on chronic viral infection, but there are few studies on acute viral infection. In chronic viral infection, PD-1 is highly expressed on the surface of CD8+ T cells, which is a sign of CD8+ T cell depletion. Recent studies have shown that in chronic viral infection, PD-1 is also highly expressed on the surface of regulatory T cells and binds to programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) on the surface of exhausted CD8+ T cells, resulting in a stronger inhibitory effect on CD8+ T cell immunity. Blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway between exhausted CD8+ T cells and regulatory T cells can significantly reverse the depletion of CD8+ T cells and greatly improve the antiviral effect of CD8+ T cells. However, the role of the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway in acute viral infection remains unknown. This article summarizes the latest research on PD-1 in infectious diseases and discusses its role in acute and chronic viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Ce Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
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23
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Sakhatskyy P, Wang Z, Borgas D, Lomas-Neira J, Chen Y, Ayala A, Rounds S, Lu Q. Double-hit mouse model of cigarette smoke priming for acute lung injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 312:L56-L67. [PMID: 27864287 PMCID: PMC5283923 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00436.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies indicate that cigarette smoking (CS) increases the risk and severity of acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The mechanism is not understood, at least in part because of lack of animal models that reproduce the key features of the CS priming process. In this study, using two strains of mice, we characterized a double-hit mouse model of ALI induced by CS priming of injury caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). C57BL/6 and AKR mice were preexposed to CS briefly (3 h) or subacutely (3 wk) before intratracheal instillation of LPS and ALI was assessed 18 h after LPS administration by measuring lung static compliance, lung edema, vascular permeability, inflammation, and alveolar apoptosis. We found that as little as 3 h of exposure to CS enhanced LPS-induced ALI in both strains of mice. Similar exacerbating effects were observed after 3 wk of preexposure to CS. However, there was a strain difference in susceptibility to CS priming for ALI, with a greater effect in AKR mice. The key features we observed suggest that 3 wk of CS preexposure of AKR mice is a reproducible, clinically relevant animal model that is useful for studying mechanisms and treatment of CS priming for a second-hit-induced ALI. Our data also support the concept that increased susceptibility to ALI/ARDS is an important adverse health consequence of CS exposure that needs to be taken into consideration when treating critically ill individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlo Sakhatskyy
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center/Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; and
| | - Zhengke Wang
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center/Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; and
| | - Diana Borgas
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center/Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; and
| | - Joanne Lomas-Neira
- Division of Surgical Research, Rhode Island Hospital/Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Yaping Chen
- Division of Surgical Research, Rhode Island Hospital/Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Alfred Ayala
- Division of Surgical Research, Rhode Island Hospital/Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Sharon Rounds
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center/Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; and
| | - Qing Lu
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center/Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; and
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Enhanced Innate Inflammation Induced by Anti-BTLA Antibody in Dual Insult Model of Hemorrhagic Shock/Sepsis. Shock 2016; 45:40-9. [PMID: 26674453 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis following hemorrhagic shock is a common clinical condition, in which innate immune system suffers from severe suppression. B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) is an immune-regulatory coinhibitory receptor expressed not only on adaptive, but also on innate immune cells. Our previous data showed that BTLA gene deficient mice were protected from septic mortality when compared with wild-type control C57BL/6 mice. Here, we extended our study by treating C57BL/6 mice with an anti-BTLA monoclonal antibody (clone 6A6; reported to have the ability to neutralize or agonize/potentiate BTLA signaling) in a mouse model of hemorrhagic shock (Hem) followed by sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP); positing initially that if BTLA engagement was neutralized, like gene deficiency, an anti-BTLA mAb would have the similar effects on the inflammatory response/morbidity in these mice after such insults. Here, we report that BTLA expression is elevated on innate immune cells after Hem/CLP. However, anti-BTLA antibody treatment increased cytokine (TNF-α, IL-12, IL-10)/chemokine (KC, MIP-2, MCP-1) levels and inflammatory cells (neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells) recruitment in the peritoneal cavity, which in turn aggravated organ injury and elevated these animals' mortality in Hem/CLP. When compared with the protective effects of our previous study using BTLA gene deficient mice in a model of lethal septic challenge, we further confirmed BTLA's contribution to enhanced innate cell recruitment, elevated IL-10 levels, and reduced survival, and that engagement of antibody with BTLA potentiates/exacerbates the pathophysiology in Hem/sepsis.
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25
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Role of cellular events in the pathophysiology of sepsis. Inflamm Res 2016; 65:853-868. [PMID: 27392441 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-016-0970-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sepsis is a dysregulated host immune response due to an uncontrolled infection. It is a leading cause of mortality in adult intensive care units globally. When the host immune response induced against a local infection fails to contain it locally, it progresses to sepsis, severe sepsis, septic shock and death. METHOD Literature survey was performed on the roles of different innate and adaptive immune cells in the development and progression of sepsis. Additionally, the effects of septic changes on reprogramming of different immune cells were also summarized to prepare the manuscript. FINDINGS Scientific evidences to date suggest that the loss of balance between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses results in reprogramming of immune cell activities that lead to irreversible tissue damaging events and multi-organ failure during sepsis. Many surface receptors expressed on immune cells at various stages of sepsis have been suggested as biomarkers for sepsis diagnosis. Various immunomodulatory therapeutics, which could improve the functions of immune cells during sepsis, were shown to restore immunological homeostasis and improve survival in animal models of sepsis. CONCLUSION In-depth and comprehensive knowledge on the immune cell activities and their correlation with severity of sepsis will help clinicians and scientists to design effective immunomodulatory therapeutics for treating sepsis.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review is being published to update the literature on the function of the adaptive immune system in critical illness, specifically sepsis and acute lung injury. We have focused on the role of T cells in these syndromes. RECENT FINDINGS The adaptive immune response becomes dysfunctional during sepsis and acute lung injury in very similar ways. Many of the abnormalities contribute to morbidity and mortality. Immunoparalysis captures the breadth of the dysfunction in that T-cell functions are broadly suppressed after the early proinflammatory stages of illness. Lymphocyte apoptosis, decreased antigen responsiveness, decreased and altered cytokine expression, upregulation of inhibitory molecules, and expansion of the suppressive regulatory T-cell population are mechanisms involved. Each of these abnormalities can be reversed with improvement in experimental outcomes. SUMMARY Immunoparalysis of the adaptive immune system occurs in sepsis and acute lung injury, and is critical to the outcome. Blocking the inhibited pathways and immunostimulant cytokines improved lymphocyte function and outcome. Many such blocking agents are already effective for other diseases and could be used for immunoparalysis. Unfortunately, there is no diagnostic marker yet. In order to provide the right therapy at the right time, advancements in immunomonitoring are necessary.
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Vick E, Mahadevan D. Programming the immune checkpoint to treat hematologic malignancies. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2016; 25:755-70. [PMID: 27070269 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2016.1175433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hematologic malignancies manipulate the immune suppressive pathways involving CTLA-4, PD-1, and others to promote immune tolerance of cancer. New monoclonal antibodies targeting immune checkpoints are showing meaningful responses in the treatment of relapsed and refractory Hodgkin lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The basis for success of anti-PD-1 therapy appears to be expression of PD-L1 on tumor cells and cells of the tumor microenvironment (TME). While adverse events associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors are capable of generating auto-immune phenomena, in general these therapies are well tolerated. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors discuss the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors and activators which hold promise as useful therapies in malignancies of hematologic origin, since many exploit endogenous pathways to induce tolerance. By programming the immune response to attack hematologic malignancies, unique regimens can be developed to optimally treat patients with curative potential. EXPERT OPINION The utilization of immune checkpoint targeting agents to boost the innate and acquired immune systems to eradicate human malignancies represents a unique opportunity to develop novel therapies with increased clinical efficacy. Side effects of these therapies come with the price of auto-immune phenomena that require appropriate management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Vick
- a Department of Hematology and Oncology , University of Tennessee Health Science Center/West Cancer Center , Memphis , TN , USA
| | - Daruka Mahadevan
- b Department of Hematology and Oncology , University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson , AZ , USA
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Rasid O, Cavaillon JM. Recent developments in severe sepsis research: from bench to bedside and back. Future Microbiol 2016; 11:293-314. [PMID: 26849633 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.15.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe sepsis remains a worldwide threat, not only in industrialized countries, due to their aging population, but also in developing countries where there still are numerous cases of neonatal and puerperal sepsis. Tools for early diagnosis, a prerequisite for rapid and appropriate antibiotic therapy, are still required. In this review, we highlight some recent developments in our understanding of the associated systemic inflammatory response that help deciphering pathophysiology (e.g., epigenetic, miRNA, regulatory loops, compartmentalization, apoptosis and synergy) and discuss some of the consequences of sepsis (e.g., immune status, neurological and muscular alterations). We also emphasize the challenge to better define animal models and discuss past failures in clinical investigations in order to define new efficient therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orhan Rasid
- Unit Cytokines & Inflammation, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue Dr. Roux, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marc Cavaillon
- Unit Cytokines & Inflammation, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue Dr. Roux, Paris, France
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Gao DN, Yang ZX, Qi QH. Roles of PD-1, Tim-3 and CTLA-4 in immunoregulation in regulatory T cells among patients with sepsis. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:18998-19005. [PMID: 26770525 PMCID: PMC4694425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to elucidate the roles of PD-1, Tim-3 and CTLA-4 in sepsis. METHODS Sepsis patients (n = 182) were selected as sepsis group and divided into three subgroups: mild sepsis group, severe sepsis group and septic shock group; 185 healthy volunteers were enrolled as control group. Flow cytometry and blood routine examination were performed for T lymphocytes and surface co-stimulatory molecules expressions. Pearson correlation test was applied for the correlation of co-stimulatory molecules expressions on T lymphocytes with critical illness in sepsis. Logistic regression analysis was conducted for risk factors in sepsis. RESULTS Heart rate and WBC in subgroups were higher than control group (P < 0.05). The differences in APACHE II, SAP II and SOFA score among subgroups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Compared with control group, lymphocyte ratio and percentage of CD4(+) T cells reduced in subgroups (P < 0.05). The differences in expression levels of CD4(+)PD-1(+), CD8(+)PD-1(+), and CD8(+)CTLA-4(+) showed statistical significances (P < 0.05). Apparently, expression levels of CD4(+)TIM-3(+), CD8(+)TIM-3(+), CD4(+)PD-1(+), CD8(+)PD-1(+), and CD4(+)CTLA-4(+) were positively correlated with APACHE II score (all P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that heart rate and expression level of CD4(+)PD-1(+) might be risk factors while the percentage of CD4(+) T cells might be a protective factor for sepsis (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION PD-1 aggravates immune responses consistent with promotion of T cell exhaustion in sepsis. Expression level of CD4(+)PD-1(+) and heart rate are potential risk factors while percentage of CD4(+) T cells is a possible protective factor for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Na Gao
- Emergency Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian 116011, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Yang
- Abdominal Second Division of Emergency, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian 116011, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Hui Qi
- Department of General Surgery, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian 116011, P. R. China
- Department of General Surgery, Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineDalian 116011, P. R. China
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What’s New in Shock, JANUARY 2015? Shock 2015; 43:1-2. [DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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