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Liu S, Liu Z, Wu G, Ye H, Wu Z, Yang Z, Jiang S. Assessment of sepsis-associated encephalopathy by quantitative magnetic resonance spectroscopy in a rat model of cecal ligation and puncture. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26836. [PMID: 38434271 PMCID: PMC10906417 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) is the only non-invasive technique to quantify neurometabolic compounds in the living brain. We used 1H-MRS to evaluate the brain metabolites in a rat model of Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) established by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). 36 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham and CLP groups. Each group was further divided into three subgroups: subgroup O, subgroup M, and subgroup N. Neurological function assessments were performed on the animals in the subgroup O and subgroup N at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. The animals in the subgroup M were examined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 12 h after CLP. Compared with the sham group, the ratio of N-acetylaspartate (NAA) to creatine (Cr) in the hippocampus was significantly lower in the CLP group. The respective ratios of lactate (Lac), myo-inositol (mIns), glutamate and glutamine (Glx), lipid (Lip), and choline (Cho) to Cr in the CLP group were clearly higher than those in the sham group. Cytochrome c, intimately related to oxidative stress, was elevated in the CLP group. Neurofilament light (NfL) chain and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) scores in the CLP group were significantly higher than those in the sham group, while zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) was downregulated. Compared with the sham group, the CLP group displayed higher values of oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), central venous-arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (P (cv-a) CO2), and central venous lactate (VLac). In contrast, jugular venous oxygen saturation (SjvO2) declined. In the present study, 1H-MRS could be used to quantitatively assess brain injury in terms of microcirculation disorder, oxidative stress, blood-brain barrier disruption, and glial cell activation through changes in metabolites within brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Liu
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Zhifeng Liu
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511300, China
| | - Gongfa Wu
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511300, China
| | - Haoyi Ye
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511300, China
| | - Zhihua Wu
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511300, China
| | - Zhengfei Yang
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Shanping Jiang
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
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2
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Ferreira FM, Gomes SV, Carvalho LCF, de Alcantara AC, da Cruz Castro ML, Perucci LO, Pio S, Talvani A, de Abreu Vieira PM, Calsavara AJC, Costa DC. Potential of piperine for neuroprotection in sepsis-associated encephalopathy. Life Sci 2024; 337:122353. [PMID: 38104862 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a common complication that increases mortality and leads to long-term cognitive impairment in sepsis survivors. However, no specific or effective therapy has been identified for this complication. Piperine is an alkaloid known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties, which are important characteristics for treatment of SAE. The objective of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of piperine on SAE in C57BL/6 mice that underwent cecum ligation and perforation surgery (CLP). MAIN METHODS C57BL/6 male mice were randomly assigned to groups that underwent SHAM surgery or CLP. Mice in the CLP group were treated with piperine at doses of 20 or 40 mg/kg for short- (5 days) or long-term (10 days) periods after CLP. KEY FINDINGS Our results revealed that untreated septic animals exhibited increased concentrations of IL-6, TNF, VEGF, MMP-9, TBARS, and NLRP3, and decreased levels of BDNF, sulfhydryl groups, and catalase in the short term. Additionally, the levels of carbonylated proteins and degenerated neuronal cells were increased at both time points. Furthermore, short-term and visuospatial memories were impaired. Piperine treatment reduced MMP-9 activity in the short term and decreased the levels of carbonylated proteins and degenerated neuronal cells in the long term. It also lowered IL-6 and TBARS levels at both time points evaluated. Moreover, piperine increased short-term catalase and long-term BDNF factor levels and improved memory at both time points. SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, our data demonstrate that piperine exerts a neuroprotective effect on SAE in animals that have undergone CLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Monteiro Ferreira
- Laboratory of Metabolic Biochemistry (LBM), Department of Biological Sciences (DECBI), Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sttefany Viana Gomes
- Laboratory of Metabolic Biochemistry (LBM), Department of Biological Sciences (DECBI), Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luana Cristina Faria Carvalho
- Laboratory of Metabolic Biochemistry (LBM), Department of Biological Sciences (DECBI), Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina de Alcantara
- Laboratory of Cognition and Health (LACOS), School of Medicine, Department of Pediatric and Adult Clinics (DECPA), Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria Laura da Cruz Castro
- Laboratory of Metabolic Biochemistry (LBM), Department of Biological Sciences (DECBI), Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luiza Oliveira Perucci
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation, Department of Biological Sciences (DECBI), Graduate Program in Health and Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sirlaine Pio
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation, Department of Biological Sciences (DECBI), Graduate Program in Health and Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - André Talvani
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation, Department of Biological Sciences (DECBI), Graduate Program in Health and Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paula Melo de Abreu Vieira
- Morphopathology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences (DECBI), Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Allan Jefferson Cruz Calsavara
- Laboratory of Cognition and Health (LACOS), School of Medicine, Department of Pediatric and Adult Clinics (DECPA), Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniela Caldeira Costa
- Laboratory of Metabolic Biochemistry (LBM), Department of Biological Sciences (DECBI), Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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3
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Liu Y, Hu S, Shi B, Yu B, Luo W, Peng S, Du X. The Role of Iron Metabolism in Sepsis-associated Encephalopathy: a Potential Target. Mol Neurobiol 2023:10.1007/s12035-023-03870-2. [PMID: 38110647 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03870-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is an acute cerebral dysfunction secondary to infection, and the severity can range from mild delirium to deep coma. Disorders of iron metabolism have been proven to play an important role in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases by inducing cell damage through iron accumulation in glial cells and neurons. Recent studies have found that iron accumulation is also a potential mechanism of SAE. Systemic inflammation can induce changes in the expression of transporters and receptors on cells, especially high expression of divalent metal transporter1 (DMT1) and low expression of ferroportin (Fpn) 1, which leads to iron accumulation in cells. Excessive free Fe2+ can participate in the Fenton reaction to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) to directly damage cells or induce ferroptosis. As a result, it may be of great help to improve SAE by treatment of targeting disorders of iron metabolism. Therefore, it is important to review the current research progress on the mechanism of SAE based on iron metabolism disorders. In addition, we also briefly describe the current status of SAE and iron metabolism disorders and emphasize the therapeutic prospect of targeting iron accumulation as a treatment for SAE, especially iron chelator. Moreover, drug delivery and side effects can be improved with the development of nanotechnology. This work suggests that treating SAE based on disorders of iron metabolism will be a thriving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinuo Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- The Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shengnan Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- The Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Bowen Shi
- The Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Bodong Yu
- The Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Shengliang Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Xiaohong Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
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Shehata AH, Anter AF, Ahmed ASF. Role of SIRT1 in sepsis-induced encephalopathy: Molecular targets for future therapies. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 58:4211-4235. [PMID: 37840012 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis induces neuroinflammation, BBB disruption, cerebral hypoxia, neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell death causing sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). These pathological consequences lead to short- and long-term neurobehavioural deficits. Till now there is no specific treatment that directly improves SAE and its associated behavioural impairments. In this review, we discuss the underlying mechanisms of sepsis-induced brain injury with a focus on the latest progress regarding neuroprotective effects of SIRT1 (silent mating type information regulation-2 homologue-1). SIRT1 is an NAD+ -dependent class III protein deacetylase. It is able to modulate multiple downstream signals (including NF-κB, HMGB, AMPK, PGC1α and FoxO), which are involved in the development of SAE by its deacetylation activity. There are multiple recent studies showing the neuroprotective effects of SIRT1 in neuroinflammation related diseases. The proposed neuroprotective action of SIRT1 is meant to bring a promising therapeutic strategy for managing SAE and ameliorating its related behavioural deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa H Shehata
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Aliaa F Anter
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Al-Shaimaa F Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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5
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Hu J, Xie S, Zhang H, Wang X, Meng B, Zhang L. Microglial Activation: Key Players in Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1453. [PMID: 37891821 PMCID: PMC10605398 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13101453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a common brain dysfunction, which results in severe cognitive and neurological sequelae and an increased mortality rate in patients with sepsis. Depending on the stimulus, microglia (resident macrophages in the brain that are involved in SAE pathology and physiology) can adopt two polarization states (M1/M2), corresponding to altered microglial morphology, gene expression, and function. We systematically described the pathogenesis, morphology, function, and phenotype of microglial activation in SAE and demonstrated that microglia are closely related to SAE occurrence and development, and concomitant cognitive impairment. Finally, some potential therapeutic approaches that can prime microglia and neuroinflammation toward the beneficial restorative microglial phenotype in SAE were outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyun Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Shucai Xie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Haisong Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xinrun Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Binbin Meng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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6
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Ling J, Yu S, Xiong F, Li S. HSPB8 up-regulation alleviates cognitive dysfunction in a mouse model of sepsis-associated encephalopathy. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110448. [PMID: 37399610 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is associated with a higher risk of cognitive deficits; however, its potential mechanisms are still unknow. Recently, researches show that HSPB8, a family of small heat shock proteins, affects cognitive function and ameliorates sepsis-induced dysfunction. However, the role of HSPB8 in SAE-associated cognitive impairment has not been elucidated. In this study, we found that HSPB8 expression was up-regulated in the brain of mice with lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis. HSPB8 overexpression alleviated cognitive decline in SAE mice. In addition, exogenous HSPB8 exerts neuroprotective effects and salvages synaptic function via regulating NRF1/TFAM-induced mitochondrial biogenesis and DRP1-mediate mitochondrial fission in a lipopolysaccharide-induced mouse model. Furthermore, HSPB8 overexpression inhibits IBA1 and NLRP3 activation in the SAE model. Overexpression of HSPB8 may be an efficient treatment for relieving SAE-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Ling
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Shanshan Yu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Feng Xiong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Shusheng Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.
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7
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Melis MJ, Miller M, Peters VBM, Singer M. The role of hormones in sepsis: an integrated overview with a focus on mitochondrial and immune cell dysfunction. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:707-725. [PMID: 37144447 PMCID: PMC10167421 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a dysregulated host response to infection that results in life-threatening organ dysfunction. Virtually every body system can be affected by this syndrome to greater or lesser extents. Gene transcription and downstream pathways are either up- or downregulated, albeit with considerable fluctuation over the course of the patient's illness. This multi-system complexity contributes to a pathophysiology that remains to be fully elucidated. Consequentially, little progress has been made to date in developing new outcome-improving therapeutics. Endocrine alterations are well characterised in sepsis with variations in circulating blood levels and/or receptor resistance. However, little attention has been paid to an integrated view of how these hormonal changes impact upon the development of organ dysfunction and recovery. Here, we present a narrative review describing the impact of the altered endocrine system on mitochondrial dysfunction and immune suppression, two interlinked and key aspects of sepsis pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda J Melis
- Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Muska Miller
- Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Vera B M Peters
- Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mervyn Singer
- Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
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8
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DeWulf B, Minsart L, Verdonk F, Kruys V, Piagnerelli M, Maze M, Saxena S. High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1): Potential Target in Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071088. [PMID: 37048161 PMCID: PMC10093266 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) remains a challenge for intensivists that is exacerbated by lack of an effective diagnostic tool and an unambiguous definition to properly identify SAE patients. Risk factors for SAE development include age, genetic factors as well as pre-existing neuropsychiatric conditions. Sepsis due to certain infection sites/origins might be more prone to encephalopathy development than other cases. Currently, ICU management of SAE is mainly based on non-pharmacological support. Pre-clinical studies have described the role of the alarmin high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in the complex pathogenesis of SAE. Although there are limited data available about the role of HMGB1 in neuroinflammation following sepsis, it has been implicated in other neurologic disorders, where its translocation from the nucleus to the extracellular space has been found to trigger neuroinflammatory reactions and disrupt the blood–brain barrier. Negating the inflammatory cascade, by targeting HMGB1, may be a strategy to complement non-pharmacologic interventions directed against encephalopathy. This review describes inflammatory cascades implicating HMGB1 and strategies for its use to mitigate sepsis-induced encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram DeWulf
- Department of Anesthesia—Critical Care, AZ Sint-Jan Brugge Oostende AV, 8000 Bruges, Belgium
| | - Laurens Minsart
- Department of Anesthesia, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Franck Verdonk
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, GRC 29, DMU DREAM, Hôpital Saint-Antoine and Sorbonne University, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Véronique Kruys
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of the Gene, Department of Molecular Biology, Free University of Brussels (ULB), 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Michael Piagnerelli
- Department of Intensive Care, CHU-Charleroi, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6042 Charleroi, Belgium
- Experimental Medicine Laboratory (ULB Unit 222), CHU-Charleroi, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6110 Montigny-le-Tilleul, Belgium
| | - Mervyn Maze
- Center for Cerebrovascular Research, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Sarah Saxena
- Department of Anesthesia—Critical Care, AZ Sint-Jan Brugge Oostende AV, 8000 Bruges, Belgium
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of the Gene, Department of Molecular Biology, Free University of Brussels (ULB), 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
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Chen H, Peng Y, Wang L, Wang X. Sevoflurane attenuates cognitive dysfunction and NLRP3-dependent caspase-1/11-GSDMD pathway-mediated pyroptosis in the hippocampus via upregulation of SIRT1 in a sepsis model. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:1413-1420. [PMID: 32538180 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1773860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Septic encephalopathy (SE) is a devastating consequence of sepsis, a hyper-triggered host response against infectious challenge, which ultimately leads to brain damage. The present study examined whether sevoflurane (SVF), a volatile anaesthetic, can counteract the perturbation of homeostasis in a caecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced mouse model of SE. SVF enhances neurocognition in terms of spatial memory improvement via counter-regulation of activated oxidative-inflammatory stress and pyroptotic processes in SE. Further, the beneficial effects of SVF against SE are mediated by activation of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1)-mediated reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, regulation of thioredoxin (TXN) and thioredoxin interacting protein (TIP) levels, reduction of inflammatory-pyroptotic signalling (NLRP3, caspase 1/11, GSDMD, TLR4 and TRIF) proteins, as well as a reduction of inflammatory cytokine (IL-1β and IL-18) levels. These findings suggest that SVF may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of SE and associated cognitive malfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yi Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shijiazhuang First Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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10
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Yan X, Yang K, Xiao Q, Hou R, Pan X, Zhu X. Central role of microglia in sepsis-associated encephalopathy: From mechanism to therapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:929316. [PMID: 35958583 PMCID: PMC9361477 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.929316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a cognitive impairment associated with sepsis that occurs in the absence of direct infection in the central nervous system or structural brain damage. Microglia are thought to be macrophages of the central nervous system, devouring bits of neuronal cells and dead cells in the brain. They are activated in various ways, and microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is characteristic of central nervous system diseases, including SAE. Here, we systematically described the pathogenesis of SAE and demonstrated that microglia are closely related to the occurrence and development of SAE. Furthermore, we comprehensively discussed the function and phenotype of microglia and summarized their activation mechanism and role in SAE pathogenesis. Finally, this review summarizes recent studies on treating cognitive impairment in SAE by blocking microglial activation and toxic factors produced after activation. We suggest that targeting microglial activation may be a putative treatment for SAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Yan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kaiying Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qi Xiao
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Rongyao Hou
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hiser Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Rongyao Hou, ; Xudong Pan, ; Xiaoyan Zhu,
| | - Xudong Pan
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Rongyao Hou, ; Xudong Pan, ; Xiaoyan Zhu,
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Rongyao Hou, ; Xudong Pan, ; Xiaoyan Zhu,
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11
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Córneo E, Michels M, Abatti M, Vieira A, Gonçalves RC, Gabriel FF, Borges H, Goulart A, da Silva Matos N, Dominguini D, Varela R, Valvassori S, Dal-Pizzol F. Enriched environment causes epigenetic changes in hippocampus and improves long-term cognitive function in sepsis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11529. [PMID: 35798809 PMCID: PMC9262921 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14660-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by an inappropriate host response to infection. The presence of oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators in sepsis leads to dysregulated gene expression, leading to a hyperinflammatory response. Environmental conditions play an important role in various pathologies depending on the stimulus it presents. A standard environment condition (SE) may offer reduced sensory and cognitive stimulation, but an enriched environment improves spatial learning, prevents cognitive deficits induced by disease stress, and is an important modulator of epigenetic enzymes. The study evaluated the epigenetic alterations and the effects of the environmental enrichment (EE) protocol in the brain of animals submitted to sepsis by cecal ligation and perforation (CLP). Male Wistar rats were divided into sham and CLP at 24 h, 72 h, 10 days and 30 days after sepsis. Other male Wistar rats were distributed in a SE or in EE for forty-five days. Behavioral tests, analysis of epigenetic enzymes:histone acetylase (HAT), histone deacetylase (HDAC) and DNA methyltransferase (DNMT), biochemical and synaptic plasticity analyzes were performed. An increase in HDAC and DNMT activities was observed at 72 h, 10 days and 30 days. There was a positive correlation between epigenetic enzymes DNMT and HDAC 24 h, 10 days and 30 days. After EE, HDAC and DNMT enzyme activity decreased, cognitive impairment was reversed, IL1-β levels decreased and there was an increase in PSD-95 levels in the hippocampus. Interventions in environmental conditions can modulate the outcomes of long-term cognitive consequences associated with sepsis, supporting the idea of the potential benefits of EE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Córneo
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806000, Brazil.
| | - Monique Michels
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806000, Brazil
| | - Mariane Abatti
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806000, Brazil
| | - Andriele Vieira
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806000, Brazil
| | - Renata Casagrande Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806000, Brazil
| | - Filipe Fernandes Gabriel
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806000, Brazil
| | - Heloisa Borges
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806000, Brazil
| | - Amanda Goulart
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806000, Brazil
| | - Natan da Silva Matos
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806000, Brazil
| | - Diogo Dominguini
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806000, Brazil
| | - Roger Varela
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Samira Valvassori
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Felipe Dal-Pizzol
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Av. Universitária, 1105, Criciúma, SC, 88806000, Brazil
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12
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Diabetes Exacerbates Sepsis-Induced Neuroinflammation and Brain Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Inflammation 2022; 45:2352-2367. [PMID: 35689164 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01697-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction, which demands notable attention for its treatment, especially in view of the involvement of immunodepressed patients, as the case of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), who constitute a population susceptible to develop infections. Thus, considering this endocrine pathology as an implicatory role on the immune system, the aim of this study was to show the relationship between this disease and sepsis on neuroinflammatory and neurochemical parameters. Levels of IL-6, IL-10, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), and mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes were evaluated in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex 24 h after sepsis by cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) in Wistar rats induced to type 1 diabetes by alloxan (150 mg/kg). It was verified that diabetes implied immune function after 24 h of sepsis, since it contributed to the increase of the inflammatory process with higher production of IL-6 and decreased levels of IL-10 only in the hippocampus. In the same brain area, a several decrease in NGF level and activity of complexes I and II of the mitochondrial respiratory chain were observed. Thus, diabetes exacerbates neuroinflammation and results in mitochondrial impairment and downregulation of NGF level in the hippocampus after sepsis.
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13
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(-)-Epicatechin Reduces Neuroinflammation, Protects Mitochondria Function, and Prevents Cognitive Impairment in Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2657713. [PMID: 35656027 PMCID: PMC9155907 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2657713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy is a common neurological complication of sepsis. Despite advances in pathological and diagnostic investigations, its treatment remains a major challenge. In sepsis-associated encephalopathy, neuroinflammatory overactivation and mitochondrial damage are thought to contribute to cognitive and behavioral impairments. In this study, we found that administration of (−)-Epicatechin, a dietary flavonoid of the flavan-3-ol subgroup, improves memory deficits and behavior performance by ameliorating neuroinflammation, regulating mitochondria function, enhancing synaptic plasticity, and reducing neuronal loss in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis. We further show that the AMPK signaling pathway might be among the mechanisms involved in the beneficial memory effects. Our data demonstrated the potential of (−)-Epicatechin as a new drug candidate for the treatment of sepsis-associated cognitive impairment by targeting AMPK.
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14
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Reis PA, Castro-Faria-Neto HC. Systemic Response to Infection Induces Long-Term Cognitive Decline: Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress as Therapeutical Targets. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:742158. [PMID: 35250433 PMCID: PMC8895724 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.742158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to pathogens or damage signs, the immune system is activated in order to eliminate the noxious stimuli. The inflammatory response to infectious diseases induces systemic events, including cytokine storm phenomenon, vascular dysfunction, and coagulopathy, that can lead to multiple-organ dysfunction. The central nervous system (CNS) is one of the major organs affected, and symptoms such as sickness behavior (depression and fever, among others), or even delirium, can be observed due to activation of endothelial and glial cells, leading to neuroinflammation. Several reports have been shown that, due to CNS alterations caused by neuroinflammation, some sequels can be developed in special cognitive decline. There is still no any treatment to avoid cognitive impairment, especially those developed due to systemic infectious diseases, but preclinical and clinical trials have pointed out controlling neuroinflammatory events to avoid the development of this sequel. In this minireview, we point to the possible mechanisms that triggers long-term cognitive decline, proposing the acute neuroinflammatory events as a potential therapeutical target to treat this sequel that has been associated to several infectious diseases, such as malaria, sepsis, and, more recently, the new SARS-Cov2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Alves Reis
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Biochemistry Department, Roberto Alcântara Gomes Biology Institute, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Patricia Alves Reis,
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15
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Pierzchala K, Simicic D, Sienkiewicz A, Sessa D, Mitrea S, Braissant O, McLin VA, Gruetter R, Cudalbu C. Central nervous system and systemic oxidative stress interplay with inflammation in a bile duct ligation rat model of type C hepatic encephalopathy. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 178:295-307. [PMID: 34890769 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The role and coexistence of oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation in type C hepatic encephalopathy (C HE) is a subject of intense debate. Under normal conditions the physiological levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species are controlled by the counteracting antioxidant response to maintain redox homeostasis. Our previous in-vivo1H-MRS studies revealed the longitudinal impairment of the antioxidant system (ascorbate) in a bile-duct ligation (BDL) rat model of type C HE. Therefore, the aim of this work was to examine the course of central nervous system (CNS) OS and systemic OS, as well as to check for their co-existence with inflammation in the BDL rat model of type C HE. To this end, we implemented a multidisciplinary approach, including ex-vivo and in-vitro electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) spin-trapping, which was combined with UV-Vis spectroscopy, and histological assessments. We hypothesized that OS and inflammation act synergistically in the pathophysiology of type C HE. Our findings point to an increased CNS- and systemic-OS and inflammation over the course of type C HE progression. In particular, an increase in the CNS OS was observed as early as 2-weeks post-BDL, while the systemic OS became significant at week 6 post-BDL. The CNS EPR measurements were further validated by a substantial accumulation of 8-Oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (Oxo-8-dG), a marker of oxidative DNA/RNA modifications on immunohistochemistry (IHC). Using IHC, we also detected increased synthesis of antioxidants, glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX-1) and superoxide dismutases (i.e.Cu/ZnSOD (SOD1) and MnSOD (SOD2)), along with proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the brains of BDL rats. The presence of systemic inflammation was observed already at 2-weeks post-surgery. Thus, these results suggest that CNS OS is an early event in type C HE rat model, which seems to precede systemic OS. Finally, our results suggest that the increase in CNS OS is due to enhanced formation of intra- and extra-cellular ROS rather than due to reduced antioxidant capacity, and that OS in parallel with inflammation plays a significant role in type C HE.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Pierzchala
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland; Animal Imaging and Technology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Laboratory of Functional and Metabolic Imaging, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - D Simicic
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland; Animal Imaging and Technology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Laboratory of Functional and Metabolic Imaging, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Sienkiewicz
- Laboratory for Quantum Magnetism, Institute of Physics, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland; ADSresonances Sàrl, Préverenges, Switzerland
| | - D Sessa
- Swiss Pediatric Liver Center, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospitals Geneva and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Mitrea
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland; Animal Imaging and Technology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - O Braissant
- Service of Clinical Chemistry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - V A McLin
- Swiss Pediatric Liver Center, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospitals Geneva and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - R Gruetter
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland; Laboratory of Functional and Metabolic Imaging, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Cudalbu
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland; Animal Imaging and Technology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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16
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Chernyak BV, Lyamzaev KG, Mulkidjanian AY. Innate Immunity as an Executor of the Programmed Death of Individual Organisms for the Benefit of the Entire Population. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413480. [PMID: 34948277 PMCID: PMC8704876 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, over-activation of innate immunity in response to viral or bacterial infections often causes severe illness and death. Furthermore, similar mechanisms related to innate immunity can cause pathogenesis and death in sepsis, massive trauma (including surgery and burns), ischemia/reperfusion, some toxic lesions, and viral infections including COVID-19. Based on the reviewed observations, we suggest that such severe outcomes may be manifestations of a controlled suicidal strategy protecting the entire population from the spread of pathogens and from dangerous pathologies rather than an aberrant hyperstimulation of defense responses. We argue that innate immunity may be involved in the implementation of an altruistic programmed death of an organism aimed at increasing the well-being of the whole community. We discuss possible ways to suppress this atavistic program by interfering with innate immunity and suggest that combating this program should be a major goal of future medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris V. Chernyak
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia;
- Correspondence: (B.V.C.); (A.Y.M.)
| | - Konstantin G. Lyamzaev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Armen Y. Mulkidjanian
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia;
- School of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Physics, Osnabrueck University, D-49069 Osnabrueck, Germany
- Correspondence: (B.V.C.); (A.Y.M.)
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17
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Detailed Characterization of Brain Dysfunction in a Long-Term Rodent Model of Critical Illness. Neurochem Res 2021; 47:613-621. [PMID: 34674138 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03470-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Critical illness encompasses a wide spectrum of life-threatening clinical conditions requiring intensive care. Our objective was to evaluate cognitive, inflammatory and cellular metabolism alterations in the central nervous system in an animal model of critical illness induced by zymosan. For this Wistar rats that were divided into Sham and zymosan. Zymozan was administered once intraperitoneally (30 g/100 g body weight) diluted in mineral oil. The animals were submitted to behavioral tests of octagonal maze, inhibitory avoidance and elevated plus maze. Brain structures (cortex, prefrontal and hippocampus) were removed at 24 h, 4, 7 and 15 days after zymosan administration for analysis of cytokine levels (TNF-α, IL-1b, IL-6 and IL-10), oxidative damage and oxygen consumption. Zymosan-treated animals presented mild cognitive impairment both in aversive (inhibitory avoidance) and non-aversive (octagonal maze) tasks by day 15. However, they did not show increase in anxiety (elevated-plus maze). The first neurochemical alteration found was an increase in brain pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) at day 4th in the hippocampus. In cortex, a late (7 and 15 days) increase in TNF-α was also noted, while the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 decrease from 4 to 15 days. Oxygen consumption was decreased in the hippocampus and pre-frontal, but not cortex, only at 7 days. Additionally, it was observed a late (15 days) increase in oxidative damage parameters. This characterization of brain dysfunction in rodent model of critical illness reproduces some of the alterations reported in humans such neuropsychiatric disorders, especially depression, memory loss and cognitive changes and can add to the nowadays used models.
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18
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Novochadlo M, Goldim MP, Bonfante S, Joaquim L, Mathias K, Metzker K, Machado RS, Lanzzarin E, Bernades G, Bagio E, Garbossa L, de Oliveira Junior AN, da Rosa N, Generoso J, Fortunato JJ, Barichello T, Petronilho F. Folic acid alleviates the blood brain barrier permeability and oxidative stress and prevents cognitive decline in sepsis-surviving rats. Microvasc Res 2021; 137:104193. [PMID: 34062190 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2021.104193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a complication of an infection which imbalance the normal regulation of several organ systems, including the central nervous system (CNS). Evidence points towards inflammation and oxidative stress as major steps associated with brain dysfunction in sepsis. Thus, we investigated the folic acid (FA) effect as an important antioxidant compound on acute brain dysfunction in rats and long term cognitive impairment and survival. Wistar rats were subjected to sepsis by cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) or sham (control) and treated orally with FA (10 mg/kg after CLP) or vehicle (veh). Animals were divided into sham + veh, sham + FA, CLP + veh and CLP + FA groups. Twenty-four hours after surgery, the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex were obtained and assayed for levels of blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability, nitrite/nitrate concentration, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) formation and protein carbonyls. Survival was performed during 10 days after surgery and memory was evaluated. FA reduced BBB permeability, MPO activity in hippocampus and pre frontal cortex in 24 h and lipid peroxidation in hippocampus and improves the survival rate after sepsis. Long term cognitive improvement was verified with FA in septic rats compared with CLP + veh. Our data demonstrates that FA reduces the memory impairment in 10 days after sepsis and mortality in part by decreasing BBB permeability and oxidative stress parameters in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Novochadlo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Mariana Pereira Goldim
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Sandra Bonfante
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Larissa Joaquim
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Khiany Mathias
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Kiuanne Metzker
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Richard Simon Machado
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Everton Lanzzarin
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Bernades
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Erick Bagio
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Leandro Garbossa
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Aloir Neri de Oliveira Junior
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Naiana da Rosa
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Generoso
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Jucelia Jeremias Fortunato
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Barichello
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA; Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fabrícia Petronilho
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil.
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Zhang N, Zhao W, Hu ZJ, Ge SM, Huo Y, Liu LX, Gao BL. Protective effects and mechanisms of high-dose vitamin C on sepsis-associated cognitive impairment in rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14511. [PMID: 34267240 PMCID: PMC8282649 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93861-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis survivors present long-term cognitive deficits. The present study was to investigate the effect of early administration of high-dose vitamin C on cognitive function in septic rats and explore its possible cerebral protective mechanism. Rat sepsis models were established by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Ten days after surgery, the Morris water maze test was performed to evaluate the behavior and cognitive function. Histopathologic changes in the hippocampus were evaluated by nissl staining. The inflammatory cytokines, activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase or SOD) and oxidative products (malondialdehyde or MDA) in the serum and hippocampus were tested 24 h after surgery. The activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and expressions of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) in the hippocampus were measured 24 h after surgery. Compared with the sham group in the Morris water maze test, the escape latency of sepsis rats was significantly (P = 0.001) prolonged in the navigation test, whereas the frequency to cross the platform and the time spent in the target quadrant were significantly (P = 0.003) reduced. High-dose vitamin C significantly decreased the escape latency (P = 0.01), but increased the time spent in the target quadrant (P = 0.04) and the frequency to cross the platform (P = 0.19). In the CLP+ saline group, the pyramidal neurons were reduced and distributed sparsely and disorderly, the levels of inflammatory cytokines of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10 in the serum and hippocampus were significantly increased (P = 0.000), the blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability in the hippocampus was significantly (P = 0.000) increased, the activities of SOD in the serum and hippocampus were significantly (P = 0.000 and P = 0.03, respectively) diminished while the levels of MDA in the serum and hippocampus were significantly (P = 0.007) increased. High-dose vitamin C mitigated hippocampus histopathologic changes, reduced systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation, attenuated BBB disruption, inhibited oxidative stress in brain tissue, and up-regulated the expression of nuclear and total Nrf2 and HO-1. High-dose vitamin C significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the levels of tumor necrosis factor- (TNF)-α, interleukin-6 (IL-6), MDA in the serum and hippocampus, and the activity of MMP-9 in the hippocampus, but significantly (P < 0.05) increased the levels of SOD, the anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) in the serum and hippocampus, and nuclear and total Nrf2, and HO-1 in the hippocampus. In conclusion, high-dose vitamin C can improve cognition impairment in septic rats, and the possible protective mechanism may be related to inhibition of inflammatory factors, alleviation of oxidative stress, and activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 12 Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 12 Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Zhen-Jie Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 12 Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Sheng-Mei Ge
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 12 Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Yan Huo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 12 Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Li-Xia Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 12 Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China.
| | - Bu-Lang Gao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 12 Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
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20
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Preau S, Vodovar D, Jung B, Lancel S, Zafrani L, Flatres A, Oualha M, Voiriot G, Jouan Y, Joffre J, Huel F, De Prost N, Silva S, Azabou E, Radermacher P. Energetic dysfunction in sepsis: a narrative review. Ann Intensive Care 2021; 11:104. [PMID: 34216304 PMCID: PMC8254847 DOI: 10.1186/s13613-021-00893-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Growing evidence associates organ dysfunction(s) with impaired metabolism in sepsis. Recent research has increased our understanding of the role of substrate utilization and mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathophysiology of sepsis-related organ dysfunction. The purpose of this review is to present this evidence as a coherent whole and to highlight future research directions. Main text Sepsis is characterized by systemic and organ-specific changes in metabolism. Alterations of oxygen consumption, increased levels of circulating substrates, impaired glucose and lipid oxidation, and mitochondrial dysfunction are all associated with organ dysfunction and poor outcomes in both animal models and patients. The pathophysiological relevance of bioenergetics and metabolism in the specific examples of sepsis-related immunodeficiency, cerebral dysfunction, cardiomyopathy, acute kidney injury and diaphragmatic failure is also described. Conclusions Recent understandings in substrate utilization and mitochondrial dysfunction may pave the way for new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. These findings could help physicians to identify distinct subgroups of sepsis and to develop personalized treatment strategies. Implications for their use as bioenergetic targets to identify metabolism- and mitochondria-targeted treatments need to be evaluated in future studies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13613-021-00893-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Preau
- U1167 - RID-AGE - Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000, Lille, France.
| | - Dominique Vodovar
- Centre AntiPoison de Paris, Hôpital Fernand Widal, APHP, 75010, Paris, France.,Faculté de pharmacie, UMRS 1144, 75006, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, UFR de Médecine, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Boris Jung
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Lapeyronie Teaching Hospital, Montpellier University Hospital and PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Steve Lancel
- U1167 - RID-AGE - Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Lara Zafrani
- Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR 976, Hôpital Saint Louis, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Mehdi Oualha
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Necker Hospital, APHP, Centre - Paris University, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Voiriot
- Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Youenn Jouan
- Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, CHRU Tours, Tours, France.,Faculté de Médecine de Tours, INSERM U1100 Centre d'Etudes des Pathologies Respiratoires, Tours, France
| | - Jeremie Joffre
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Fabrice Huel
- Réanimation médico-chirurgicale, Université de Paris, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Louis Mourier, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas De Prost
- Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Cedex 94010, Créteil, France
| | - Stein Silva
- Réanimation URM CHU Purpan, Cedex 31300, Toulouse, France.,Toulouse NeuroImaging Center INSERM1214, Cedex 31300, Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Azabou
- Clinical Neurophysiology and Neuromodulation Unit, Departments of Physiology and Critical Care Medicine, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, AP-HP, Inserm UMR 1173, Infection and Inflammation (2I), University of Versailles (UVSQ), Paris-Saclay University, Paris, France
| | - Peter Radermacher
- Institut für Anästhesiologische Pathophysiologie und Verfahrensentwicklung, Universitätsklinikum, Ulm, Germany
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21
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Dominguini D, Steckert AV, Abatti MR, Generoso JS, Barichello T, Dal-Pizzol F. The Protective Effect of PK-11195 on Cognitive Impairment in Rats Survived of Polymicrobial Sepsis. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:2724-2733. [PMID: 33495933 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02294-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is an organ dysfunction caused by a host's unregulated response to infection, causing long-term brain dysfunction with microglial activation, the release of inflammatory components, and mitochondrial changes. Neuroinflammation can increase the expression of the 18-kD translocator protein (TSPO) in the mitochondria, leading to the activation of the microglia and the release of inflammatory components. The antagonist PK-11195 can modulate TSPO and reduce microglial activation and cognitive damage presented in an animal model of sepsis. The aim of this was to evaluate the effects of PK-11195 on long-term brain inflammation and cognitive impairment in an animal model of sepsis. Wistar rats, 60 days old, were submitted to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) surgery, divided into groups control/saline, control/PK-11195, sepsis/saline, and sepsis/PK-11195. Immediately after surgery, the antagonist PK-11195 was administered at a dose of 3 mg/kg. Ten days after CLP surgery, the animals were submitted to behavioral tests and determination of brain inflammatory parameters. The sepsis/saline group presented cognitive damage. However, there was damage prevention in animals that received PK-11195. Besides, the sepsis increased the levels of cytokines and M1 microglia markers and caused oxidative damage. However, PK-11195 had the potential to decrease inflammation. These events show that the modulation of neuroinflammation during sepsis by PK-11195, possibly related to changes in TSPO, improves mitochondrial function in the animals' brains. In conclusion, the antagonist PK-11195 attenuated brain inflammation and prevented cognitive impairment in animals subjected to sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Dominguini
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil.
| | - Amanda V Steckert
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Mariane R Abatti
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline S Generoso
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Barichello
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Felipe Dal-Pizzol
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
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22
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Moraes CA, Zaverucha-do-Valle C, Fleurance R, Sharshar T, Bozza FA, d’Avila JC. Neuroinflammation in Sepsis: Molecular Pathways of Microglia Activation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14050416. [PMID: 34062710 PMCID: PMC8147235 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Frequently underestimated, encephalopathy or delirium are common neurological manifestations associated with sepsis. Brain dysfunction occurs in up to 80% of cases and is directly associated with increased mortality and long-term neurocognitive consequences. Although the central nervous system (CNS) has been classically viewed as an immune-privileged system, neuroinflammation is emerging as a central mechanism of brain dysfunction in sepsis. Microglial cells are major players in this setting. Here, we aimed to discuss the current knowledge on how the brain is affected by peripheral immune activation in sepsis and the role of microglia in these processes. This review focused on the molecular pathways of microglial activity in sepsis, its regulatory mechanisms, and their interaction with other CNS cells, especially with neuronal cells and circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Araújo Moraes
- Immunopharmacology Lab, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, Brazil;
| | - Camila Zaverucha-do-Valle
- National Institute of Infectious Disease Evandro Chagas, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (C.Z.-d.-V.); (F.A.B.)
| | - Renaud Fleurance
- UCB Biopharma SRL, 1420 Braine L’Alleud, Belgium;
- Experimental Neuropathology, Infection, and Epidemiology Department, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France;
- Université de Paris Sciences et Lettres, 75006 Paris Paris, France
| | - Tarek Sharshar
- Experimental Neuropathology, Infection, and Epidemiology Department, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France;
- Neuro-Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris-Descartes University, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Fernando Augusto Bozza
- National Institute of Infectious Disease Evandro Chagas, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil; (C.Z.-d.-V.); (F.A.B.)
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro 22281-100, Brazil
| | - Joana Costa d’Avila
- Immunopharmacology Lab, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, Brazil;
- School of Medicine, Universidade Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro 26260-045, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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23
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Dal-Pizzol F, de Medeiros GF, Michels M, Mazeraud A, Bozza FA, Ritter C, Sharshar T. What Animal Models Can Tell Us About Long-Term Psychiatric Symptoms in Sepsis Survivors: a Systematic Review. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:1393-1413. [PMID: 33410107 PMCID: PMC8423874 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00981-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lower sepsis mortality rates imply that more patients are discharged from the hospital, but sepsis survivors often experience sequelae, such as functional disability, cognitive impairment, and psychiatric morbidity. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying these long-term disabilities are not fully understood. Considering the extensive use of animal models in the study of the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders, it seems adopting this approach to improve our knowledge of postseptic psychiatric symptoms is a logical approach. With the purpose of gathering and summarizing the main findings of studies using animal models of sepsis-induced psychiatric symptoms, we performed a systematic review of the literature on this topic. Thus, 140 references were reviewed, and most of the published studies suggested a time-dependent recovery from behavior alterations, despite the fact that some molecular alterations persist in the brain. This review reveals that animal models can be used to understand the mechanisms that underlie anxiety and depression in animals recovering from sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Dal-Pizzol
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000 Criciúma, Brazil
| | | | - Monique Michels
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000 Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Aurélien Mazeraud
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Fernando Augusto Bozza
- Laboratório de Medicina Intensiva, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Ritter
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000 Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Tarek Sharshar
- Laboratoire de Neuropathologie Expérimentale, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
- Department of Neuro-Intensive Care Medicine, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris-Descartes University, 75015 Paris, France
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24
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Bonfante S, Joaquim L, Fileti ME, Giustina AD, de Souza Goldim MP, Danielski LG, Cittadin E, De Carli RJ, de Farias BX, Engel NA, da Rosa N, Fortunato JJ, Giridharan V, Scaini G, Rezin GT, Generoso J, de Bitencourt RM, Terra S, Barichello T, Petronilho F. Stanniocalcin 1 Inhibits the Inflammatory Response in Microglia and Protects Against Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:119-132. [PMID: 33025358 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00293-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy is a serious consequence of sepsis, triggered by the host response against an infectious agent, that can lead to brain damage and cognitive impairment. Several mechanisms have been proposed in this bidirectional communication between the immune system and the brain after sepsis as neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Stanniocalcin-1 (STC-1), an endogen neuroprotective protein, acts as an anti-inflammatory and suppresses superoxide generation through induction of uncoupling proteins (UCPs) in the mitochondria. Here, we demonstrated a protective role of STC-1 on inflammatory responses in vitro, in activated microglia stimulated with LPS, and on neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial function in the hippocampus of rats subjected to an animal model of sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), as well the consequences on long-term memory. Recombinant human STC-1 (rhSTC1) suppressed the pro-inflammatory cytokine production in LPS-stimulated microglia without changing the UCP-2 expression. Besides, rhSTC1 injected into the cisterna magna decreased acute hippocampal inflammation and oxidative stress and increased the activity of complex I and II activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain and creatine kinase at 24 h after sepsis. rhSTC1 was effective in preventing long-term cognitive impairment after CLP. In conclusion, rhSTC1 confers significant neuroprotection by inhibiting the inflammatory response in microglia and protecting against sepsis-associated encephalopathy in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Bonfante
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes (NEUROIMet), Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Larissa Joaquim
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes (NEUROIMet), Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Maria Eduarda Fileti
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes (NEUROIMet), Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Amanda Della Giustina
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes (NEUROIMet), Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Mariana Pereira de Souza Goldim
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes (NEUROIMet), Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Lucinéia Gainski Danielski
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes (NEUROIMet), Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Evandro Cittadin
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes (NEUROIMet), Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Raquel Jaconi De Carli
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes (NEUROIMet), Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Bianca Xavier de Farias
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes (NEUROIMet), Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Nicole Alessandra Engel
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes (NEUROIMet), Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Naiana da Rosa
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes (NEUROIMet), Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Jucélia Jeremias Fortunato
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes (NEUROIMet), Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Vijayasree Giridharan
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Giselli Scaini
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Gislaine Tezza Rezin
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes (NEUROIMet), Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Generoso
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Rafael Mariano de Bitencourt
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes (NEUROIMet), Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Silvia Terra
- Graduate Program: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Barichello
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, 77054, USA
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Fabricia Petronilho
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes (NEUROIMet), Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia de Processos Inflamatórios e Metabólicos (NEUROIMet), Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil.
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25
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Sousa MSB, Alves DVDS, Monteiro HMC, Gomes DA, Lira EC, Amancio-Dos-Santos A. Sepsis impairs the propagation of cortical spreading depression in rats and this effect is prevented by antioxidant extract. Nutr Neurosci 2021; 24:130-139. [PMID: 31030633 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2019.1602987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a clinical syndrome with high morbidity and mortality. It is characterized by acute inflammatory response and oxidative stress, which is implicated in cerebral dysfunction. Murici (Byrsonimacrassifolia (L.) Kunth) is a fruit rich in antioxidant compounds, which could be an alternative to prevent damage to tissues induced by sepsis . Here, we evaluated the effects of sepsis on the propagation of cortical spreading depression (CSD) and oxidative stress, and tested the action of murici antioxidant extract in prevention against the effect of sepsis. Male Wistar rats (90-210 days, n = 40) were previously supplemented, orogastrically, with murici extract (150 mg/kg/day or 300 mg/kg/day), or an equivalent volume of the vehicle solution, for fifteen days. Then the animals were subjected to experimental sepsis through cecal ligation and perforation (CLP). Subsequently, CSD recordings were obtained and brain oxidative stress was evaluated. Sepsis decelerated CSD and increased the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the brain cortex of the animals. In contrast, septic rats that had been previously supplemented with murici antioxidant extract in doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg/day showed an increase in CSD propagation velocity, low levels of MDA and GSH/GSSG ratio and an increase of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, regardless of the dose tested. Our results demonstrate that sepsis affects brain excitability and that this effect can be prevented by murici antioxidant extract. The effects of sepsis and/or murici extract on CSD may be due to the oxidative state of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Eduardo Carvalho Lira
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Biociências, UFPE, Recife, Brazil
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26
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Sulzbacher MM, Ludwig MS, Heck TG. Oxidative stress and decreased tissue HSP70 are involved in the genesis of sepsis: HSP70 as a therapeutic target. Rev Bras Ter Intensiva 2020; 32:585-591. [PMID: 33263705 PMCID: PMC7853686 DOI: 10.5935/0103-507x.20200084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic infection that causes multiple organ dysfunction. HSP70 is a protein responsive to cell stress, in particular oxidative stress. Therefore, this literature review sought to investigate the roles of HSP70 and oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of sepsis and the possibility of HSP70 as a therapeutic target. HSP70 exerts a protective effect when located in cells (iHSP70), and its decrease, as well as its increase in the extracellular environment (eHSP70), under oxidative stress is a biomarker of sepsis severity. In addition, therapies that increase iHSP70 and treatment with HSP70 promote sepsis improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maicon Machado Sulzbacher
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Fisiologia, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Universidade Regional do Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul - Ijuí (RS), Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Atenção Integral à Saúde, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Universidade Regional do Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul - Ijuí (RS), Brasil
| | - Mirna Stela Ludwig
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Fisiologia, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Universidade Regional do Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul - Ijuí (RS), Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Atenção Integral à Saúde, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Universidade Regional do Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul - Ijuí (RS), Brasil
| | - Thiago Gomes Heck
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Fisiologia, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Universidade Regional do Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul - Ijuí (RS), Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Atenção Integral à Saúde, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Universidade Regional do Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul - Ijuí (RS), Brasil
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27
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Li Y, Yin L, Fan Z, Su B, Chen Y, Ma Y, Zhong Y, Hou W, Fang Z, Zhang X. Microglia: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy and Sepsis-Associated Chronic Pain. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:600421. [PMID: 33329005 PMCID: PMC7729164 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.600421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological dysfunction, one of the severe manifestations of sepsis in patients, is closely related to increased mortality and long-term complications in intensive care units, including sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) and chronic pain. The underlying mechanisms of these sepsis-induced neurological dysfunctions are elusive. However, it has been well established that microglia, the dominant resident immune cell in the central nervous system, play essential roles in the initiation and development of SAE and chronic pain. Microglia can be activated by inflammatory mediators, adjacent cells and neurotransmitters in the acute phase of sepsis and then induce neuronal dysfunction in the brain. With the spotlight focused on the relationship between microglia and sepsis, a deeper understanding of microglia in SAE and chronic pain can be achieved. More importantly, clarifying the mechanisms of sepsis-associated signaling pathways in microglia would shed new light on treatment strategies for SAE and chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lu Yin
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhongmin Fan
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Binxiao Su
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ya Zhong
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wugang Hou
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zongping Fang
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xijing Zhang
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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28
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Effects of S100B neutralization on the long-term cognitive impairment and neuroinflammatory response in an animal model of sepsis. Neurochem Int 2020; 142:104906. [PMID: 33232757 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The nervous system is one of the first systems to be affected during sepsis. Sepsis not only has a high risk of mortality, but could also lead to cerebral dysfunction and cognitive impairment in long-term survival patients. The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) can interact with several ligands, and its activation triggers a series of cell signaling events, resulting in the hyperinflammatory condition related to sepsis. Recent studies show that elevated levels of S100B (RAGE ligand) are associated with the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders. They also participate in inflammatory brain diseases and may lead to an increased activation of microglia and astrocytes, leading to neuronal death. This study aimed to determine the effect of S100B inhibition on the neuroinflammatory response in sepsis. Sepsis was induced in Wistar rats by cecal ligation and perforation (CLP). There were three groups: Sham, CLP, and CLP +10 μg/kg of monoclonal antibody (Anti-S100B) administered intracerebroventricularly. The animals were killed 30 days after sepsis following behavioral evaluation by open field, novel object recognition, and splash test. The hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and amydgala were used for the determination of S100B and RAGE proteins by western blotting and for the evaluation of cytokine levels and verification of the number of microglial cells by immunohistochemistry. On day 30, both the Sham and CLP + anti-S100B groups were capable of recovering the habitual memory in the open field task. Regarding novel object recognition, Sham and CLP + anti-S100B groups increased the recognition index during the test session in comparison to the training session. There was a significant increase in the time of grooming in CLP + anti-S100B in comparison to the CLP group. There was a modulation of cytokine levels and immunohistochemistry showed that the CLP + anti-S100B group had a decrease in the number of microglial cells only in the hippocampus. These results helped to understand the role of S100B protein in the pathophysiology of sepsis-associated encephalopathy and could be helpful to further experimental studies regarding this subject.
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Giustina AD, de Souza Goldim MP, Danielski LG, Garbossa L, Junior ANO, Cidreira T, Denicol T, Bonfante S, da Rosa N, Fortunato JJ, Palandi J, de Oliveira BH, Martins DF, Bobinski F, Garcez M, Bellettini-Santos T, Budni J, Colpo G, Scaini G, Giridharan VV, Barichello T, Petronilho F. Lipoic Acid and Fish Oil Combination Potentiates Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress Regulation and Prevents Cognitive Decline of Rats After Sepsis. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:4451-4466. [PMID: 32743736 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02032-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis causes organ dysfunction due to an infection, and it may impact the central nervous system. Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are related to brain dysfunction after sepsis. Both processes affect microglia activation, neurotrophin production, and long-term cognition. Fish oil (FO) is an anti-inflammatory compound, and lipoic acid (LA) is a universal antioxidant substance. They exert neuroprotective roles when administered alone. We aimed at determining the effect of FO+LA combination on microglia activation and brain dysfunction after sepsis. Microglia cells from neonatal pups were co-treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and FO or LA, alone or combined, for 24 h. Cytokine levels were measured. Wistar rats were subjected to sepsis by cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) and treated orally with FO, LA, or FO+LA. At 24 h after surgery, the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and total cortex were obtained and assayed for levels of cytokines, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, protein carbonyls, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activity. At 10 days after surgery, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were determined and behavioral tests were performed. The combination diminished in vitro levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The combination reduced TNF-α in the cortex, IL-1β in the prefrontal cortex, as well as MPO activity, and decreased protein carbonyls formation in all structures. The combination enhanced catalase activity in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, elevated BDNF levels in all structures, and prevented behavioral impairment. In summary, the combination was effective in preventing cognitive damage by reducing neuroinflammation and oxidative stress and increasing BDNF levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Della Giustina
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Mariana Pereira de Souza Goldim
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Lucinéia Gainski Danielski
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Leandro Garbossa
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Aloir Neri Oliveira Junior
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Thainá Cidreira
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Taís Denicol
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Sandra Bonfante
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Naiana da Rosa
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Jucélia Jeremias Fortunato
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Juliete Palandi
- Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx), Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Bruna Hoffmann de Oliveira
- Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx), Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Daniel Fernandes Martins
- Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx), Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Franciane Bobinski
- Experimental Neuroscience Laboratory (LaNEx), Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Michelle Garcez
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Tatiani Bellettini-Santos
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Josiane Budni
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Colpo
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Translational Psychiatry Program, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Giselli Scaini
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Translational Psychiatry Program, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Vijayasree V Giridharan
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Translational Psychiatry Program, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Tatiana Barichello
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Translational Psychiatry Program, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, 77054, USA.,Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Fabricia Petronilho
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Neurobiologia de Processos Inflamatórios e Metabólicos, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil.
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Mazeraud A, Righy C, Bouchereau E, Benghanem S, Bozza FA, Sharshar T. Septic-Associated Encephalopathy: a Comprehensive Review. Neurotherapeutics 2020; 17:392-403. [PMID: 32378026 PMCID: PMC7283452 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00862-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Septic-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a key manifestation of sepsis, ranging from delirium to coma and occurring in up to 70% of patients admitted to the ICU. SAE is associated with higher ICU and hospital mortality, and also with poorer long-term outcomes, including cognitive and functional outcomes. The pathophysiology of SAE is complex, and it may involve neurotransmitter dysfunction, inflammatory and ischemic lesions to the brain, microglial activation, and blood-brain barrier dysfunction. Delirium (which is included in the SAE spectrum) is mostly diagnosed with validated scales in the ICU population. There is no established treatment for SAE; benzodiazepines should generally be avoided in this setting. Nonpharmacological prevention and management is key for treating SAE; it includes avoiding oversedation (mainly with benzodiazepines), early mobilization, and sleep promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Mazeraud
- GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neuroscience, Neurointensive Care and Neuroanesthesia Department, 1, rue Cabanis, 75014, Paris, France
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 20 rue Leblanc, 75015, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Cássia Righy
- GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neuroscience, Neurointensive Care and Neuroanesthesia Department, 1, rue Cabanis, 75014, Paris, France
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paul Niemeyer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eleonore Bouchereau
- GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neuroscience, Neurointensive Care and Neuroanesthesia Department, 1, rue Cabanis, 75014, Paris, France
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 20 rue Leblanc, 75015, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Benghanem
- Université de Paris, 75006, Paris, France
- Médecine Intensive et Réanimation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Cochin, Paris, France
| | | | - Tarek Sharshar
- GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neuroscience, Neurointensive Care and Neuroanesthesia Department, 1, rue Cabanis, 75014, Paris, France.
- Université de Paris, 75006, Paris, France.
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Ozmen O, Topsakal S. Preventive effect of agomelatine in lipopolysaccharide-induced pancreatic pathology. Drug Chem Toxicol 2020; 45:180-184. [PMID: 31937144 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2019.1675686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine pancreatic lesions and the possible prophylactic effects of agomelatine (AGO) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis in rats. Twenty-four female, 1-year-old Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups: group I (control), group II (study group; 5 mg/kg LPS i.p., single dose), and group III (treatment group; LPS + AGO, single dose p.o., 20 mg/kg AGO + 5 mg/kg LPS, 30 minutes after AGO treatment). The rats were sacrificed six hours after LPS administration. At the necropsy, blood and pancreatic tissue samples were collected for biochemical, pathological, and immunohistochemical analyses. The results showed that LPS caused an increase in serum amylase and lipase levels and a decrease in glucose levels. Histopathological analysis revealed infiltration of numerous neutrophils in pancreatic interstitial tissue and in vessels. In addition, slight vacuoles indicating degenerative changes were observed in endocrine and exocrine pancreatic tissues. Increased caspase-8, haptoglobin (Hp), IL-4, and IL-10 and decreased SIRT-1 expression was observed in both endocrine and exocrine parts of the pancreas in the LPS group. AGO ameliorated the biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical findings. The present study results revealed that LPS-induced pancreatic damage to both endocrine and exocrine cells. In contrast, AGO had ameliorative effects on both biochemical and pathological findings in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Ozmen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Senay Topsakal
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
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Damme NM, Fernandez DP, Wang LM, Wu Q, Kirk RA, Towner RA, McNally JS, Hoffman JM, Morton KA. Analysis of retention of gadolinium by brain, bone, and blood following linear gadolinium-based contrast agent administration in rats with experimental sepsis. Magn Reson Med 2019; 83:1930-1939. [PMID: 31677194 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE It is important to identify populations that may be vulnerable to the brain deposition of gadolinium (Gd) from MRI contrast agents. At intervals from 24 hours to 6 weeks following injection of a linear Gd contrast agent, the brain, blood and bone content of Gd were compared between control rats and those with experimental endotoxin-induced sepsis that results in neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier disruption. METHODS Male rats were injected intraperitoneally with 10 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide. Control animals received no injection. Twenty-four hours later, 0.2 mmol/kg of gadobenate dimeglumine was injected intravenously. Brain, blood, and bone Gd levels were measured at 24 hours, 1 week, 3 weeks, and 6 weeks by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. RESULTS Blood Gd decreased rapidly between 24 hours and 1 week, and thereafter was undetectable, with no significant difference between lipopolysaccharide and control rats. Brain levels of Gd were significantly higher (4.29-2.36-fold) and bone levels slightly higher (1.35-1.11-fold) in lipopolysaccharide than control rats at all time points with significant retention at 6 weeks. CONCLUSION Experimental sepsis results in significantly higher deposition of Gd in the brain and bone in rats. While blood Gd clears rapidly, brain and bone retained substantial Gd even at 6 weeks following contrast injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas M Damme
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Diego P Fernandez
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Li-Ming Wang
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Ryan A Kirk
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Rheal A Towner
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - J Scott McNally
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - John M Hoffman
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Kathryn A Morton
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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Petronilho F, Tenfen L, Della Giustina A, Joaquim L, Novochadlo M, de Oliveira Junior AN, Bagio E, Goldim MPDS, de Carli RJ, Bonfante SRSDA, Metzker KLL, Muttini S, Dos Santos TM, de Oliveira MP, Engel NA, Rezin GT, Kanis LA, Barichello T. Gold nanoparticles potentiates N-acetylcysteine effects on neurochemicals alterations in rats after polymicrobial sepsis. J Drug Target 2019; 28:428-436. [PMID: 31594390 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2019.1678168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the effect of gold nanoparticles (AuNP) and n-acetylcysteine (NAC) isolated or in association as important anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compounds on brain dysfunction in septic rats. Male Wistar rats after sham operation or caecal ligation and perforation (CLP) were treated with subcutaneously injection of AuNP (50 mg/kg) and/or NAC (20 mg/kg) or saline immediately and 12 h after surgery. Twenty-four hours after CLP, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex were obtained and assayed for myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, cytokines, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyls formation, mitochondrial respiratory chain, and CK activity. AuNP + NAC association decreased MPO activity and pro-inflammatory cytokines production, being more effective than NAC or AuNP isolated treatment. AuNP + NAC association and NAC isolated treatment decreased oxidative stress to lipids in both brain structures, while protein oxidation decreased only in the hippocampus of AuNP + NAC association-treated animals. Complex I activity was increased with AuNP + NAC association and NAC isolated in the hippocampus. Regarding CK activity, AuNP and AuNP + NAC association increased this marker in both brain structures after CLP. Our data provide the first experimental demonstration that AuNP and NAC association was able to reduce sepsis-induced brain dysfunction in rats by decreasing neuroinflammation, oxidative stress parameters, mitochondrial dysfunction and CK activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabricia Petronilho
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Tenfen
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Brazil
| | - Amanda Della Giustina
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Brazil
| | - Larissa Joaquim
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Brazil
| | - Michele Novochadlo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Brazil
| | - Aloir Neri de Oliveira Junior
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Brazil
| | - Erick Bagio
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Brazil
| | - Mariana Pereira de Souza Goldim
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Brazil
| | - Raquel Jaconi de Carli
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Brazil
| | - Sandra Regina Santana de Aguiar Bonfante
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Brazil
| | - Kiuanne Lino Lobo Metzker
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Brazil
| | - Samara Muttini
- Group of Research in Pharmaceutical Technology TECFARMA, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Brazil
| | - Thayná Marinho Dos Santos
- Group of Research in Pharmaceutical Technology TECFARMA, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Brazil
| | - Mariana Pacheco de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Brazil
| | - Nicole Alessandra Engel
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Tezza Rezin
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Brazil
| | - Luiz Alberto Kanis
- Group of Research in Pharmaceutical Technology TECFARMA, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Barichello
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Brazil.,Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA.,Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
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Ren KD, Liu WN, Tian J, Zhang YY, Peng JJ, Zhang D, Li NS, Yang J, Peng J, Luo XJ. Mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin ligase 1 promotes brain injury by disturbing mitochondrial dynamics in a rat model of ischemic stroke. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 861:172617. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with long-term cognitive impairment in an animal sepsis model. Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:1993-2004. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20190351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Several different mechanisms have been proposed to explain long-term cognitive impairment in sepsis survivors. The role of persisting mitochondrial dysfunction is not known. We thus sought to determine whether stimulation of mitochondrial dynamics improves mitochondrial function and long-term cognitive impairment in an experimental model of sepsis.
Methods: Sepsis was induced in adult Wistar rats by cecal ligation and perforation (CLP). Animals received intracerebroventricular injections of either rosiglitazone (biogenesis activator), rilmenidine, rapamycin (autophagy activators), or n-saline (sham control) once a day on days 7–9 after the septic insult. Cognitive impairment was assessed by inhibitory avoidance and object recognition tests. Animals were killed 24 h, 3 and 10 days after sepsis with the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex removed to determine mitochondrial function.
Results: Sepsis was associated with both acute (24 h) and late (10 days) brain mitochondrial dysfunction. Markers of mitochondrial biogenesis, autophagy and mitophagy were not up-regulated during these time points. Activation of biogenesis (rosiglitazone) or autophagy (rapamycin and rilmenidine) improved brain ATP levels and ex vivo oxygen consumption and the long-term cognitive impairment observed in sepsis survivors.
Conclusion: Long-term impairment of brain function is temporally related to mitochondrial dysfunction. Activators of autophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis could rescue animals from cognitive impairment.
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Gunyeli I, Saygin M, Ozmen O. The impact of the sepsis on female urogenital system: the role of pregabalin. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2019; 300:1067-1082. [PMID: 31529363 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-019-05285-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to investigate the oxidative damage and inflammatory effects of sepsis on the urogenital system in the Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis model and ameliorating role of Pregabalin (PGB). METHODS Twenty-four female Wistar Albino rats (12 months old) were divided into 3 groups as follows: Sepsis group (Group S) (5 mg/kg LPS, i.p, single dose); Sepsis+ PGB group (Group SP) (5 mg/kg LPS, i.p, single dose and 30 mg/kg PGB); Control group (Group C) (0.1 ml/oral and i.p. saline, single dose), 6 h after LPS administration, the animals were killed. Subsequently, analyses of urogenital tissue oxidant/antioxidant status, histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed. RESULTS Total oxidative status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) values in the urogenital tissues were increased in Group S (Total anti-oxidative status (TAS) decreased) compared to the Control group (p < 0.05). PGB improved these values (p < 0.05). The immunohistochemical markers [Caspase-3, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), Serum Amyloid A (SAA) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)] were significantly increased in Group S except for bladder (p < 0.001). Statistically significant immunohistochemical positiveness was found only for IL-6 in urinary bladder, though all the others values were negative. With the administration of PGB (Group SP), the expressions of these immunoreactions were markedly decreased (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrated that sepsis caused oxidative stress and inflammation in the urogenital tissues. We have revealed that PGB ameliorated tissue damage caused by sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilker Gunyeli
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Saygin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University Isparta, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Ozmen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
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Towner RA, Saunders D, Smith N, Gulej R, McKenzie T, Lawrence B, Morton KA. Anti-inflammatory agent, OKN-007, reverses long-term neuroinflammatory responses in a rat encephalopathy model as assessed by multi-parametric MRI: implications for aging-associated neuroinflammation. GeroScience 2019; 41:483-494. [PMID: 31478121 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00094-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced encephalopathy induces neuroinflammation. Long-term neuroinflammation is associated with aging and subsequent cognitive impairment (CI). We treated rats that had LPS-induced neuroinflammation with OKN-007, with an anti-inflammatory agent currently considered an anti-cancer investigational new drug in clinical trials for glioblastoma (GBM). Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (CE-MRI), perfusion MRI, and MR spectroscopy were used as methods to assess long-term (up to 6 weeks post-LPS) alterations in blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, microvascularity, and metabolism, respectively, and the therapeutic effect of OKN-007. A free radical-targeted molecular MRI approach was also used to detect the effect of OKN-007 on brain free radical levels at 24 h and 1 week post-LPS injection. OKN-007 was able to reduce BBB permeability in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus at 1 week post-LPS using CE-MRI. OKN-007 was able to restore vascular perfusion rates by reducing LPS-induced increased relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the cortex and hippocampus regions at all time points studied (1, 3, and 6 weeks post-LPS). OKN-007 was also able to restore LPS-induced brain metabolite depletions. NAA/Cho, Cr/Cho, and Myo-Ins/Cho metabolite ratios at 1, 3, and 6 weeks post-LPS were all restored to normal levels following OKN-007 treatment. OKN-007 also reduced LPS-induced free radical levels at 24 h and 1 week post-LPS, as detected by free radical-targeted MRI. LPS-exposed rats were compared with saline-treated controls and LPS + OKN-007-treated animals. We clearly demonstrated that OKN-007 restores LPS-induced BBB dysfunction, impaired vascularity, and decreased brain metabolites, all long-term neuroinflammatory indicators, as well as decreases free radicals in a LPS-induced neuroinflammation model. OKN-007 should be considered an anti-inflammatory agent for age-associated neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rheal A Towner
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 N.E. 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA. .,Oklahoma Nathan Shock Aging Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA. .,Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| | - Debra Saunders
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 N.E. 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Nataliya Smith
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 N.E. 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Rafal Gulej
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 N.E. 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Tyler McKenzie
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 N.E. 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Brandy Lawrence
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 N.E. 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.,Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Kathryn A Morton
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Age and Sex Influence the Hippocampal Response and Recovery Following Sepsis. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:8557-8572. [PMID: 31278440 PMCID: PMC6834928 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01681-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Although in-hospital mortality rates for sepsis have decreased, survivors often experience lasting physical and cognitive deficits. Moreover, older adults are more vulnerable to long-term complications associated with sepsis. We employed a murine model to examine the influence of age and sex on the brain’s response and recovery following sepsis. Young (~ 4 months) and old (~ 20 months) mice (C57BL/6) of both sexes underwent cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) with restraint stress. The hippocampal transcriptome was examined in age- and sex-matched controls at 1 and 4 days post-CLP. In general, immune- and stress-related genes increased, while neuronal, synaptic, and glial genes decreased 1 day after CLP-induced sepsis. However, specific age and sex differences were observed for the initial responsiveness to sepsis as well as the rate of recovery examined on day 4. Young females exhibited a muted transcriptional response relative to young males and old females. Old females exhibited a robust shift in gene transcription on day 1, and while most genes recovered, genes linked to neurogenesis and myelination continued to be downregulated by day 4. In contrast, old males exhibited a more delayed or prolonged response to sepsis, such that neuronal and synaptic genes continued to decrease while immune response genes continued to increase on day 4. These results suggest that aging is associated with delayed recovery from sepsis, which is particularly evident in males.
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Szöllősi D, Hegedűs N, Veres DS, Futó I, Horváth I, Kovács N, Martinecz B, Dénes Á, Seifert D, Bergmann R, Lebeda O, Varga Z, Kaleta Z, Szigeti K, Máthé D. Evaluation of Brain Nuclear Medicine Imaging Tracers in a Murine Model of Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy. Mol Imaging Biol 2019; 20:952-962. [PMID: 29736562 PMCID: PMC6244542 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-018-1201-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate a set of widely used nuclear medicine imaging agents as possible methods to study the early effects of systemic inflammation on the living brain in a mouse model of sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). The lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced murine systemic inflammation model was selected as a model of SAE. Procedures C57BL/6 mice were used. A multimodal imaging protocol was carried out on each animal 4 h following the intravenous administration of LPS using the following tracers: [99mTc][2,2-dimethyl-3-[(3E)-3-oxidoiminobutan-2-yl]azanidylpropyl]-[(3E)-3-hydroxyiminobutan-2-yl]azanide ([99mTc]HMPAO) and ethyl-7-[125I]iodo-5-methyl-6-oxo-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine-3-carboxylate ([125I]iomazenil) to measure brain perfusion and neuronal damage, respectively; 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose ([18F]FDG) to measure cerebral glucose uptake. We assessed microglia activity on another group of mice using 2-[6-chloro-2-(4-[125I]iodophenyl)-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-acetamide ([125I]CLINME). Radiotracer uptakes were measured in different brain regions and correlated. Microglia activity was also assessed using immunohistochemistry. Brain glutathione levels were measured to investigate oxidative stress. Results Significantly reduced perfusion values and significantly enhanced [18F]FDG and [125I]CLINME uptake was measured in the LPS-treated group. Following perfusion compensation, enhanced [125I]iomazenil uptake was measured in the LPS-treated group’s hippocampus and cerebellum. In this group, both [18F]FDG and [125I]iomazenil uptake showed highly negative correlation to perfusion measured with ([99mTc]HMPAO uptake in all brain regions. No significant differences were detected in brain glutathione levels between the groups. The CD45 and P2Y12 double-labeling immunohistochemistry showed widespread microglia activation in the LPS-treated group. Conclusions Our results suggest that [125I]CLINME and [99mTc]HMPAO SPECT can be used to detect microglia activation and brain hypoperfusion, respectively, in the early phase (4 h post injection) of systemic inflammation. We suspect that the enhancement of [18F]FDG and [125I]iomazenil uptake in the LPS-treated group does not necessarily reflect neural hypermetabolism and the lack of neuronal damage. They are most likely caused by processes emerging during neuroinflammation, e.g., microglia activation and/or immune cell infiltration. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s11307-018-1201-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dávid Szöllősi
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis Univ, Budapest, H-1094, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Hegedűs
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis Univ, Budapest, H-1094, Hungary
| | - Dániel S Veres
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis Univ, Budapest, H-1094, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Futó
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis Univ, Budapest, H-1094, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Horváth
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis Univ, Budapest, H-1094, Hungary
| | - Noémi Kovács
- CROmed Translational Research Centers, Budapest, H-1047, Hungary
| | - Bernadett Martinecz
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Dénes
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Daniel Seifert
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, CZ 250 68, Rez, Czech Republic
| | - Ralf Bergmann
- Helmholz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Radiopharmazie Radiopharmaceutische Biologie, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ondřej Lebeda
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, CZ 250 68, Rez, Czech Republic
| | - Zoltán Varga
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis Univ, Budapest, H-1094, Hungary.,Biological Nanochemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Kaleta
- Progressio Fine Chemical Engineering Ltd, Székesfehérvár, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Szigeti
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis Univ, Budapest, H-1094, Hungary.
| | - Domokos Máthé
- CROmed Translational Research Centers, Budapest, H-1047, Hungary
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Michels M, Michelon C, Damásio D, Vitali AM, Ritter C, Dal-Pizzol F. Biomarker Predictors of Delirium in Acutely Ill Patients: A Systematic Review. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2019; 32:119-136. [PMID: 30852930 DOI: 10.1177/0891988719834346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Delirium is a serious and common disorder that affects up to 80% of acutely ill patients, mainly the aged. In recent years, several studies pointed out possible biomarkers that could be used alone or in combination with other resources in the diagnosis and follow-up of critically ill patients who develop delirium. In this context, a systematic review was conducted to determine the predictive value of several biomarkers in acutely (critically and noncritically) ill adult patients with delirium. Studies that used the confusion assessment method (CAM) and CAM-intensive care unit as the diagnostic method were considered. The most recent search was performed in November 2017. There was no language restriction. Initially, 626 articles were screened and 39 were included in the study. A comprehensive evaluation of the abstracts resulted in the exclusion of 202 studies, leaving 39 articles as potentially relevant. Inflammatory markers, S100β and cortisol, could predict delirium occurrence in a specific subgroup population of critically ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Michels
- 1 Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Cleonice Michelon
- 1 Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Danusa Damásio
- 2 São José Hospital Research Centre, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Cristiane Ritter
- 1 Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil.,2 São José Hospital Research Centre, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Felipe Dal-Pizzol
- 1 Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil.,2 São José Hospital Research Centre, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Microglial Cells Depletion Increases Inflammation and Modifies Microglial Phenotypes in an Animal Model of Severe Sepsis. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:7296-7304. [PMID: 31020614 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1606-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy is highly prevalent and has impact both in early and late morbidity and mortality. The mechanisms by which sepsis induces brain dysfunction include neuroinflammation, disrupted blood-brain barrier, oxidative stress, and microglial activation, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in these events are not completely understood. Our objective was to determine the effects of microglial depletion in the early systemic and brain inflammatory response and its impact in phenotypes expression in an animal model of sepsis. Animals were subjected to CLP, and depletion of microglial cells was accomplished by administration of (Lipo)-encapsulated clodronate and microglial repopulation by doxycycline. Clod-lip treatment was effective in decreasing microglia density in the hippocampus of animals. Pro-inflammatory cytokines were increased in the CLP+PBS, and liposomes administration increased even further these cytokines mainly 7 days, suggesting that microglial depletion exacerbates both local and systemic inflammation. In contrast, repopulation with doxycycline was able to revert the cytokine levels in both serum and cerebral structures on day 7 and 14 after repopulation. There were no differences in the correlation between M1 and M2 markers by real-time PCR, but immunohistochemistry showed significant increase in CD11b expression in CLP+PBS with greater expression in CLP + liposomes in the hippocampus. These results suggest that the depletion of microglia during severe sepsis development could be associated with early exacerbation of brain and systemic inflammation and repopulation is able to revert this condition, once a rapid neurological recovery is noticed until 7 days after sepsis.
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Salomão R, Ferreira B, Salomão M, Santos S, Azevedo L, Brunialti M. Sepsis: evolving concepts and challenges. Braz J Med Biol Res 2019; 52:e8595. [PMID: 30994733 PMCID: PMC6472937 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20198595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with increased burden in low- and middle-resource settings. The role of the inflammatory response in the pathogenesis of the syndrome has supported the modern concept of sepsis. Nevertheless, a definition of sepsis and the criteria for its recognition is a continuous process, which reflects the growing knowledge of its mechanisms and the success and failure of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. Here we review the evolving concepts of sepsis, from the "systemic inflammatory response syndrome triggered by infection" (Sepsis-1) to "a severe, potentially fatal, organic dysfunction caused by an inadequate or dysregulated host response to infection" (Sepsis-3). We focused in the pathophysiology behind the concept and the criteria for recognition and diagnosis of sepsis. A major challenge in evaluating the host response in sepsis is to characterize what is protective and what is harmful, and we discuss that, at least in part, the apparent dysregulated host response may be an effort to adapt to a hostile environment. The new criteria for recognition and diagnosis of sepsis were derived from robust databases, restricted, however, to developed countries. Since then, the criteria have been supported in different clinical settings and in different economic and epidemiological contexts, but still raise discussion regarding their use for the identification versus the prognostication of the septic patient. Clinicians should not be restricted to definition criteria when evaluating patients with infection and should wisely use the broad array of information obtained by rigorous clinical observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Salomão
- Disciplina de Infectologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - B.L. Ferreira
- Disciplina de Infectologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - M.C. Salomão
- Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - S.S. Santos
- Disciplina de Infectologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - L.C.P. Azevedo
- Unidade de Terapia Intensiva do Hospital Sírio Libanês, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - M.K.C. Brunialti
- Disciplina de Infectologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Preoperative Age and Prognostic Nutritional Index Are Useful Factors for Evaluating Postoperative Delirium Among Patients With Adult Spinal Deformity. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2019; 44:472-478. [PMID: 30234814 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000002872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A retrospective study of postoperative delirium after adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery. OBJECTIVE To identify the risk factors of post-ASD surgery delirium, including nutritional state before surgery. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Recently, malnutrition was reported as one of the risk factors of delirium. The prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and controlling nutritional status index (CONUT) scores are simple methods of nutritional evaluation. However, there are no reports that verify that delirium is related to the PNI and CONUT score in patients who have undergone ASD surgery. METHODS A consecutive 319 patients who underwent ASD surgery were divided into a delirium group (group D) or nondelirium group (group ND). Preoperative risk factors, including PNI, were assessed. RESULTS Group D consisted of 30 patients and group ND consisted of 289 patients. There was significant difference in age (group D:group ND = 73:62, P = 0.000), serum albumin (4.2:4.3, P = 0.028), operative time (422:395 min, P = 0.029), PNI score (49:52, P = 0.011), and CONUT score (1.7:1.1, P = 0.046). Using multiple logistic regression analysis, we found significant risk factors for delirium to be age (P = 0.006, odds ratio = 1.11, 95% confidence interval = 1.03-1.19) and PNI (P = 0.003, odds ratio = 0.87, 95% confidence interval = 0.79-0.96). A receiver operating characteristic curve showed that the cut-off value of PNI and age for delirium were 49.7 and 68.5 years, respectively. CONCLUSION The risk factors of postoperative delirium after ASD surgery were PNI less than 49.7 and age more than 68.5 years. Patients who undergo ASD surgery beyond these preoperative cut-off values should be cautioned about delirium and be required to provide adequate informed consent. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3.
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Fujita M, Tsuruta R. Sepsis and Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy: Its Pathophysiology from Bench to Bed. Neurocrit Care 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-7272-8_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Della Giustina A, Goldim MP, Danielski LG, Florentino D, Garbossa L, Joaquim L, Oliveira Junior AN, Mathias K, Fileti ME, Zarbato GF, da Rosa N, Laurentino AOM, Fortunato JJ, Palandi J, de Oliveira BH, Martins DF, Bonbinski F, Bellettini-Santos T, Garcez M, Budni J, Barichello T, Petronilho F. Fish oil-rich lipid emulsion modulates neuroinflammation and prevents long-term cognitive dysfunction after sepsis. Nutrition 2018; 70:110417. [PMID: 30867119 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sepsis is a severe organic dysfunction caused by an infection that affects the normal regulation of several organ systems, including the central nervous system. Inflammation and oxidative stress play crucial roles in the development of brain dysfunction in sepsis. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a fish oil (FO)-55-enriched lipid emulsion as an important anti-inflammatory compound on brain dysfunction in septic rats. METHODS Wistar rats were subjected to sepsis by cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) or sham (control) and treated orally with FO (600 µL/kg after CLP) or vehicle (saline; sal). Animals were divided into sham+sal, sham+FO, CLP+sal and CLP+FO groups. At 24 h and 10 d after surgery, the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and total cortex were obtained and assayed for levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-10, blood-brain barrier permeability, nitrite/nitrate concentration, myeloperoxidase activity, thiobarbituric acid reactive species formation, protein carbonyls, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels. Behavioral tasks were performed 10 d after surgery. RESULTS FO reduced BBB permeability in the prefrontal cortex and total cortex of septic rats, decreased IL-1β levels and protein carbonylation in all brain structures, and diminished myeloperoxidase activity in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. FO enhanced brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex and prevented cognitive impairment. CONCLUSIONS FO diminishes the negative effect of polymicrobial sepsis in the rat brain by reducing inflammatory and oxidative stress markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Della Giustina
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Mariana Pereira Goldim
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Lucinéia Gainski Danielski
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Drielly Florentino
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Leandro Garbossa
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Larissa Joaquim
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Aloir Neri Oliveira Junior
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Khiany Mathias
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Maria Eduarda Fileti
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Graciela Freitas Zarbato
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Naiana da Rosa
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Ana Olívia Martins Laurentino
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Jucélia Jeremias Fortunato
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Juliete Palandi
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Bruna Hoffmann de Oliveira
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel Fernandes Martins
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Franciane Bonbinski
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tatiani Bellettini-Santos
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michele Garcez
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Josiane Budni
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tatiana Barichello
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA; Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Fabricia Petronilho
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil.
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Esen F, Ozcan PE, Tuzun E, Boone MD. Mechanisms of action of intravenous immunoglobulin in septic encephalopathy. Rev Neurosci 2018; 29:417-423. [PMID: 29232196 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2017-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Acute brain dysfunction associated with sepsis is a serious complication that results in morbidity and mortality. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) treatment is known to alleviate behavioral deficits in the experimentally induced model of sepsis. To delineate the mechanisms by which IVIg treatment prevents neuronal dysfunction, an array of immunological and apoptosis markers was investigated. Our results suggest that IVIgG and IgGAM administration ameliorates neuronal dysfunction and behavioral deficits by reducing apoptotic cell death and glial cell proliferation. IgGAM treatment might suppress classical complement pathway by reducing C5a activity and proapoptotic NF-κB and Bax expressions, thereby, inhibiting major inflammation and apoptosis cascades. Future animal model experiments performed with specific C5aR and NF-κB agonists/antagonists or C5aR-deficient mice might more robustly disclose the significance of these pathways. C5a, C5aR, and NF-κB, which were shown to be the key molecules in brain injury pathogenesis in sepsis, might also be utilized as potential targets for future treatment trials of septic encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Figen Esen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34393 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Perihan Ergin Ozcan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34393 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erdem Tuzun
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Neuroscience, Istanbul University, 34393 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M Dustin Boone
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, 02215 MA, USA
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Bedirli N, Bagriacik EU, Yilmaz G, Ozkose Z, Kavutçu M, Cavunt Bayraktar A, Bedirli A. Sevoflurane exerts brain-protective effects against sepsis-associated encephalopathy and memory impairment through caspase 3/9 and Bax/Bcl signaling pathway in a rat model of sepsis. J Int Med Res 2018; 46:2828-2842. [PMID: 29756489 PMCID: PMC6124281 DOI: 10.1177/0300060518773265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We compared the effects of sevoflurane and isoflurane on systemic inflammation, sepsis-associated encephalopathy, and memory impairment in a rat sepsis model of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced polymicrobial peritonitis. Methods Twenty-four rats were assigned to sham, CLP, CLP + sevoflurane, and CLP + isoflurane groups. At 72 hours after CLP, the rats underwent behavior tests. Serum cytokines were evaluated. Brain tissue samples were collected for determination of glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase; the wet/dry weight ratio; myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA); apoptotic gene release; and histologic examinations. Results The MPO level, wet/dry weight ratio, and histopathology scores were lower and the Bcl2a1 and Bcl2l2 expressions were upregulated in both the CLP + sevoflurane and CLP + isoflurane groups compared with the CLP group. The interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, MDA, and caspase 3, 8, and 9 levels were lower; the GPX, SOD, Bax, Bcl2, and Bclx levels were higher; and non-associative and aversive memory were improved in the CLP + sevoflurane group compared with the CLP + isoflurane group. Conclusion Sevoflurane decreased apoptosis and oxidative injury and improved memory in this experimental rat model of CLP. Sevoflurane sedation may protect against brain injury and memory impairment in septic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurdan Bedirli
- Anesthesiology and Reanimation Department, Medical Faculty, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Guldal Yilmaz
- Department of Pathology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zerrin Ozkose
- Anesthesiology and Reanimation Department, Medical Faculty, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Han YG, Qin X, Zhang T, Lei M, Sun FY, Sun JJ, Yuan WF. Electroacupuncture prevents cognitive impairment induced by lipopolysaccharide via inhibition of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Neurosci Lett 2018; 683:190-195. [PMID: 29885447 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation play an important role in the pathophysiology of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cognitive impairment. This study aims to observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on the cognitive function in LPS-induced mice, and its regulation on hippocampal α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChR), oxidative and proinflammatory factors. Adult male C57BL/6 nice were used to establish animal model of LPS-induced cognitive impairment, and were randomly divided into three groups (n = 16): control group, model group (LPS: 5 mg/kg), and EA group. The cognitive function was measured by Morris water-maze test, and protein expression of α7nAChR in hippocampus was detected by immunohistochemistry. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure hippocampal proinflammatory cytokines. The results showed that LPS significantly impaired working and spatial memory of mice, which could be attenuated by EA treatment. EA prevented LPS-induced decrease of α7nAChR protein, acetylcholine (ACh) content and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity, and prevented LPS-induced increase of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity (P < 0.05). EA significantly decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and increased the contents of catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) in hippocampus of LPS-treated Mice (P < 0.05). EA also prevented LPS-induced increase of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in hippocampus (P < 0.05). In conclusion, electroacupuncture can improve the learning and memory in LPS-treated mice, and its mechanism may be related to enhanced expression of α7-nAChR and cholinergic factors, and suppression of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Guo Han
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai 200137, PR China
| | - Xiong Qin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai 200137, PR China.
| | - Ming Lei
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai 200137, PR China.
| | - Fang-Yuan Sun
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai 200137, PR China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Jing-Jing Sun
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai 200137, PR China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Wei-Fang Yuan
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai 200137, PR China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai 200433, PR China
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Towner RA, Smith N. In Vivo and In Situ Detection of Macromolecular Free Radicals Using Immuno-Spin Trapping and Molecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:1404-1415. [PMID: 29084431 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE In vivo free radical imaging in preclinical models of disease has become a reality. Free radicals have traditionally been characterized by electron spin resonance (ESR) or electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy coupled with spin trapping. The disadvantage of the ESR/EPR approach is that spin adducts are short-lived due to biological reductive and/or oxidative processes. Immuno-spin trapping (IST) involves the use of an antibody that recognizes macromolecular 5,5-dimethyl-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) spin adducts (anti-DMPO antibody), regardless of the oxidative/reductive state of trapped radical adducts. Recent Advances: The IST approach has been extended to an in vivo application that combines IST with molecular magnetic resonance imaging (mMRI). This combined IST-mMRI approach involves the use of a spin-trapping agent, DMPO, to trap free radicals in disease models, and administration of an mMRI probe, an anti-DMPO probe, which combines an antibody against DMPO-radical adducts and an MRI contrast agent, resulting in targeted free radical adduct detection. CRITICAL ISSUES The combined IST-mMRI approach has been used in several rodent disease models, including diabetes, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), gliomas, and septic encephalopathy. The advantage of this approach is that heterogeneous levels of trapped free radicals can be detected directly in vivo and in situ to pin point where free radicals are formed in different tissues. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The approach can also be used to assess therapeutic agents that are either free radical scavengers or generate free radicals. Smaller probe constructs and radical identification approaches are being considered. The focus of this review is on the different applications that have been studied, advantages and limitations, and future directions. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 1404-1415.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rheal A Towner
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Nataliya Smith
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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