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Jiang S, Su H. Exploration of the shared gene signatures and biological mechanisms between ischemia-reperfusion injury and antibody-mediated rejection in renal transplantation. Transpl Immunol 2024; 83:102001. [PMID: 38266883 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2024.102001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) plays a crucial role in graft loss during allogeneic renal transplantation. In renal transplantation, ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is unavoidable, serves as a major contributor to acute rejection, and is linked to graft loss. However, the mechanisms underlying IRI and ABMR are unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the shared genetic characteristics and biological mechanisms between IRI and ABMR. METHODS Gene expressions for IRI (GSE43974) and ABMR (GSE129166 and GSE36059) were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The shared differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of IRI and ABMR were identified, and subsequent functional enrichment analysis was performed. Immune cell infiltration in ABMR and its relationship with the shared DEGs were investigated using the CIBERSORT method. Random forest analysis, a protein-protein interaction network, and Cytoscape were used to screen hub genes, which were subsequently subjected to gene set enrichment analysis, miRNA prediction, and transcription factors analysis. The survival analysis was performed through Kaplan-Meier curves. Finally, drug compound prediction was performed on the shared DEGs using the Drug Signature Database. RESULTS Overall, 27 shared DEGs were identified between the renal IRI and ABMR groups. Among these, 24 genes exhibited increased co-expression, whereas none showed decreased co-expression. The shared DEGs were primarily enriched in the inflammation signaling pathways. Notably, CD4 memory T cells were identified as potential critical mediators of IRI, leading to ABMR. Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3), interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1), and early growth response 2 (EGR2) were identified as key components in the potential mechanism that link IRI and ABMR. Patients undergoing renal transplantation with higher expression levels of TNFAIP3, IRF1, and EGR2 exhibited decreased survival rates compared to those with lower expression levels. CONCLUSION Inflammation is a key mechanism that links IRI and ABMR, with a potential role played by CD4 memory T cells. Furthermore, TNFAIP3, IRF1, and EGR2 are implicated in the underlying mechanism between IRI and ABMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Hua Su
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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Pang Q, Chen L, An C, Zhou J, Xiao H. Single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing highlights the role of M1-like infiltrating macrophages in antibody-mediated rejection after kidney transplantation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27865. [PMID: 38524599 PMCID: PMC10958716 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) significantly affects transplanted kidney survival, yet the macrophage phenotype, ontogeny, and mechanisms in ABMR remain unclear. Method We analyzed post-transplant sequencing and clinical data from GEO and ArrayExpress. Using dimensionality reduction and clustering on scRNA-seq data, we identified macrophage subpopulations and compared their infiltration in ABMR and non-rejection cases. Cibersort quantified these subpopulations in bulk samples. Cellchat, SCENIC, monocle2, and monocle3 helped explore intercellular interactions, predict transcription factors, and simulate differentiation of cell subsets. The Scissor method linked macrophage subgroups with transplant prognosis. Furthermore, hdWGCNA, nichnet, and lasso regression identified key genes associated with core transcription factors in selected macrophages, validated by external datasets. Results Six macrophage subgroups were identified in five post-transplant kidney biopsies. M1-like infiltrating macrophages, prevalent in ABMR, correlated with pathological injury severity. MIF acted as a primary intercellular signal in these macrophages. STAT1 regulated monocyte-to-M1-like phenotype transformation, impacting transplant prognosis via the IFNγ pathway. The prognostic models built on the upstream and downstream genes of STAT1 effectively predicted transplant survival. The TLR4-STAT1-PARP9 axis may regulate the pro-inflammatory phenotype of M1-like infiltrating macrophages, identifying PARP9 as a potential target for mitigating ABMR inflammation. Conclusion Our study delineates the macrophage landscape in ABMR post-kidney transplantation, underscoring the detrimental impact of M1-like infiltrating macrophages on ABMR pathology and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qidan Pang
- Department of Nephrology, Bishan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402760, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of General Surgery/Gastrointestinal Surgery, Bishan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402760, China
| | - Changyong An
- Department of General Surgery/Gastrointestinal Surgery, Bishan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402760, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Bishan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402760, China
| | - Hanyu Xiao
- Department of General Surgery/Gastrointestinal Surgery, Bishan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402760, China
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Silva MJA, Vieira MCDS, Souza AB, dos Santos EC, Marcelino BDR, Casseb SMM, Lima KVB, Lima LNGC. Analysis of associations between the TLR3 SNPs rs3775291 and rs3775290 and COVID-19 in a cohort of professionals of Belém-PA, Brazil. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1320701. [PMID: 38173795 PMCID: PMC10763251 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1320701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this article was to verify associations between the SNPs rs3775291 (Cytosine [C]>Thymine [T]) and rs3775290 (C>T) of TLR3 in professionals from Health Institutions (HI) who worked during the first pandemic wave and COVID-19. A case-control study was carried out with workers from HI in Belém-PA, Brazil, divided into symptomatology groups (Asymptomatic-AS, n=91; and Symptomatic-SI, n=121), and severity groups, classified by Chest CT scan (symptomatic with lung involvement - SCP, n=34; symptomatic without lung involvement - SSP, n=8). Genotyping was performed by Sanger sequencing and statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS program. In the analysis of SNP rs3775291, the homozygous recessive genotype (T/T) was not found and the frequency of the mutant allele (T) was less than 2% in the cohort. For the rs3775290 SNP, the frequency of the mutant allele (T) was greater than 42% in the cohort. No significant associations were found for these SNPs in this cohort (N= 212 individuals). The scientific community and physicians can use these facts to find new methods of managing COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Jessé Abrahão Silva
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bacteriology and Mycology Section (SABMI), Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC), Ananindeua, Brazil
| | | | - Alex Brito Souza
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bacteriology and Mycology Section (SABMI), Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC), Ananindeua, Brazil
| | - Everaldina Cordeiro dos Santos
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bacteriology and Mycology Section (SABMI), Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC), Ananindeua, Brazil
| | - Beatriz dos Reis Marcelino
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bacteriology and Mycology Section (SABMI), Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC), Ananindeua, Brazil
| | | | - Karla Valéria Batista Lima
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bacteriology and Mycology Section (SABMI), Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC), Ananindeua, Brazil
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Takemoto Y, Tanimine N, Yoshinaka H, Tanaka Y, Takafuta T, Sugiyama A, Tanaka J, Ohdan H. Multi-phasic gene profiling using candidate gene approach predict the capacity of specific antibody production and maintenance following COVID-19 vaccination in Japanese population. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1217206. [PMID: 37564647 PMCID: PMC10411726 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1217206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 is highly effective in preventing infection and reducing the severity of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). However, acquired humoral immunity wanes within six months. Focusing on the different tempo of acquisition and attenuation of specific antibody titers in individuals, we investigated the impact of genetic polymorphisms on antibody production after COVID-19 vaccination. Methods In total 236 healthcare workers from a Japanese municipal hospital, who received two doses of the vaccine were recruited. We employed a candidate gene approach to identify the target genetic polymorphisms affecting antibody production after vaccination. DNA samples from the study populations were genotyped for 33 polymorphisms in 15 distinct candidate genes encoding proteins involved in antigen-presenting cell activation, T cell activation, T-B interaction, and B cell survival. We measured total anti-SARS-Cov2 spike IgG antibody titers and analyzed the association with genetic polymorphisms at several time points after vaccination using an unbiased statistical method, and stepwise logistic regression following multivariate regression. Results Significant associations were observed between seven SNPs in NLRP3, OAS1, IL12B, CTLA4, and IL4, and antibody titers at 3 weeks after the first vaccination as an initial response. Six SNPs in NLRP3, TNF, OAS1, IL12B, and CTLA4 were associated with high responders with serum antibody titer > 4000 BAU/ml as boosting effect at 3 weeks after the second vaccination. Analysis of long-term maintenance showed the significance of the three SNPs in IL12B, IL7R, and MIF for the maintenance of antibody titers and that in BAFF for attenuation of neutralizing antibodies. Finally, we proposed a predictive model composed of gene profiles to identify the individuals with rapid antibody attenuation by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis (area under the curve (AUC)= 0.76, sensitivity = 82.5%, specificity=67.8%). Conclusions The candidate gene approach successfully showed shifting responsible gene profiles and initial and boosting effect mainly related to the priming phase into antibody maintenance including B cell survival, which traces the phase of immune reactions. These gene profiles provide valuable information for further investigation of humoral immunity against COVID-19 and for building a strategy for personalized vaccine schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Takemoto
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Naoki Tanimine
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hisaaki Yoshinaka
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuka Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Toshiro Takafuta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hiroshima City Funairi Citizens Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Aya Sugiyama
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Junko Tanaka
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hideki Ohdan
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Grolmusz VK, Bozsik A, Papp J, Patócs A. Germline Genetic Variants of Viral Entry and Innate Immunity May Influence Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Toward a Polygenic Risk Score for Risk Stratification. Front Immunol 2021; 12:653489. [PMID: 33763088 PMCID: PMC7982482 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.653489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 has affected all aspects of human society with a special focus on healthcare. Although older patients with preexisting chronic illnesses are more prone to develop severe complications, younger, healthy individuals might also exhibit serious manifestations. Previous studies directed to detect genetic susceptibility factors for earlier epidemics have provided evidence of certain protective variations. Following SARS-CoV-2 exposure, viral entry into cells followed by recognition and response by the innate immunity are key determinants of COVID-19 development. In the present review our aim was to conduct a thorough review of the literature on the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as key agents affecting the viral entry of SARS-CoV-2 and innate immunity. Several SNPs within the scope of our approach were found to alter susceptibility to various bacterial and viral infections. Additionally, a multitude of studies confirmed genetic associations between the analyzed genes and autoimmune diseases, underlining the versatile immune consequences of these variants. Based on confirmed associations it is highly plausible that the SNPs affecting viral entry and innate immunity might confer altered susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and its complex clinical consequences. Anticipating several COVID-19 genomic susceptibility loci based on the ongoing genome wide association studies, our review also proposes that a well-established polygenic risk score would be able to clinically leverage the acquired knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vince Kornél Grolmusz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
- Hereditary Tumors Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network—Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anikó Bozsik
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
- Hereditary Tumors Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network—Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Papp
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
- Hereditary Tumors Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network—Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Patócs
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
- Hereditary Tumors Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network—Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Nobakht E, Jagadeesan M, Paul R, Bromberg J, Dadgar S. Precision Medicine in Kidney Transplantation: Just Hype or a Realistic Hope? Transplant Direct 2021; 7:e650. [PMID: 33437865 PMCID: PMC7793397 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000001102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Desirable outcomes including rejection- and infection-free kidney transplantation are not guaranteed despite current strategies for immunosuppression and using prophylactic antimicrobial medications. Graft survival depends on factors beyond human leukocyte antigen matching such as the level of immunosuppression, infections, and management of other comorbidities. Risk stratification of transplant patients based on predisposing genetic modifiers and applying precision pharmacotherapy may help improving the transplant outcomes. Unlike certain fields such as oncology in which consistent attempts are being carried out to move away from the "error and trial approach," transplant medicine is lagging behind in implementing personalized immunosuppressive therapy. The need for maintaining a precarious balance between underimmunosuppression and overimmunosuppression coupled with adverse effects of medications calls for a gene-based guidance for precision pharmacotherapy in transplantation. Technologic advances in molecular genetics have led to increased accessibility of genetic tests at a reduced cost and have set the stage for widespread use of gene-based therapies in clinical care. Evidence-based guidelines available for precision pharmacotherapy have been proposed, including guidelines from Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium, the Pharmacogenomics Knowledge Base National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health, and the US Food and Drug Administration. In this review, we discuss the implications of pharmacogenetics and potential role for genetic variants-based risk stratification in kidney transplantation. A single score that provides overall genetic risk, a polygenic risk score, can be achieved by combining of allograft rejection/loss-associated variants carried by an individual and integrated into practice after clinical validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Nobakht
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC
| | - Muralidharan Jagadeesan
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC
| | - Rohan Paul
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC
| | - Jonathan Bromberg
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sherry Dadgar
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC
- Personalized Medicine Care Diagnostics Laboratory (PMCDx), Inc., Germantown, MD
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Donor UNC-93 Homolog B1 genetic polymorphism predicts survival outcomes after unrelated bone marrow transplantation. Genes Immun 2021; 22:35-43. [PMID: 33627833 PMCID: PMC7903020 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-021-00122-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
UNC-93 homolog B1 (UNC93B1) is a key regulator of toll-like receptors (TLRs), pattern recognition receptors that sense invading pathogens and manage the innate immune response and deliver them from the endoplasmic reticulum to their respective endosomal signaling compartments. Several types of TLRs are known to contribute to the inflammatory process after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT), so UNC93B1 might play integral roles there. We investigated the influence of the UNC93B1 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs308328 (T>C) on transplant outcomes in a cohort of 237 patients undergoing unrelated HLA-matched bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for hematologic malignancies through the Japan Marrow Donor Program. The donor UNC93B1 C/C genotype was associated with a better 3-year overall survival than the donor UNC93B1 C/T or T/T genotype. An analysis of the UNC93B1 rs308328 genotype may therefore be useful for selecting the donor, estimating the prognosis, and creating therapeutic strategies after allogeneic SCT.
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Abdelsalam M, Abd Elmagid DS, Magdy H, El-Sabbagh AM, Mostafa M. The association between toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) genotyping and the risk of epilepsy in children. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-020-00102-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Epilepsy is one of the most widely recognized neurological disorders; unfortunately, twenty to thirty percent of patients do not get cured from epilepsy, despite many trials of antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy. Immunotherapy may be a viable treatment strategy in a subset of epileptic patients. The association between Toll-like receptor polymorphisms and epilepsy clarifies the role of the immune system in epilepsy and its response to the drug. Thus, this study will focus on the relation between TLR4 rs1927914, rs11536858, rs1927911SNPs, and epilepsy in an Egyptian case-control study to assess their link to antiepileptic drug response.
Results
According to TLR4 rs1927914, there is a significant association between the SNP and the development of epilepsy, as CC genotype is 15.3 times more at risk for developing epilepsy than TT genotype, and CT is 11.1 times more at risk for developing epilepsy than TT. Also, patients with CC genotypes are 6.3 times more at risk for developing primary epilepsy than TT genotype.
According to rs11536858, there is a significant association between cases and control groups, as AA genotypes are found to be more at risk for developing epilepsy than GG genotypes. Also, there is a statistically significant association between clonazepam resistance and rs11536858, as p value < 0.001* with the highest frequency of TT genotypes at 4.3%.
According to rs1927911, there are no significant results between the cases and the control groups or between drug-responsive and drug resistance.
Conclusion
Possible involvement of the Toll-like receptor clarifies the importance of innate immunity in initiating seizures and making neuronal hyperexcitability. In this work, multiple significant associations between TLR SNPs and epilepsy, epileptic phenotype, and drug-resistant epilepsy have been found. More studies with bigger sample sizes and different techniques with different SNPs are recommended to find the proper immunotherapy for epilepsy instead of the treatment by antiepileptic drugs.
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Analysis of 75 Candidate SNPs Associated With Acute Rejection in Kidney Transplant Recipients: Validation of rs2910164 in MicroRNA MIR146A. Transplantation 2020; 103:1591-1602. [PMID: 30801535 PMCID: PMC6913779 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000002659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying kidney allograft recipients who are predisposed to acute rejection (AR) could allow for optimization of clinical treatment to avoid rejection and prolong graft survival. It has been hypothesized that a part of this predisposition is caused by the inheritance of specific genetic variants. There are many publications reporting a statistically significant association between a genetic variant, usually in the form of a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), and AR. However, there are additional publications reporting a lack of this association when a different cohort of recipients is analyzed for the same single-nucleotide polymorphism. METHODS In this report, we attempted to validate 75 common genetic variants, which have been previously reported to be associated with AR, using a large kidney allograft recipient cohort of 2390 European Americans and 482 African Americans. RESULTS Of those variants tested, only 1 variant, rs2910164, which alters the expression of the microRNA MIR146A, was found to exhibit a significant association within the African American cohort. Suggestive variants were found in the genes CTLA and TLR4. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that most variants previously reported to be associated with AR were not validated in our cohort. This shows the importance of validation when reporting the associations with complex clinical outcomes such as AR. Additional work will need to be done to understand the role of MIR146A in the risk of AR in kidney allograft recipients.
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Dorr CR, Oetting WS, Jacobson PA, Israni AK. Genetics of acute rejection after kidney transplantation. Transpl Int 2017; 31:263-277. [PMID: 29030886 DOI: 10.1111/tri.13084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of acute rejection (AR) following kidney transplantation has improved in recent years, but there are still limitations to successful outcomes. This review article covers literature in regard to recipient and donor genetics of AR kidney and secondarily of liver allografts. Many candidate gene and some genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have been conducted for AR in kidney transplantation. Genetic associations with AR in kidney and liver are mostly weak, and in most cases, the associations have not been reproducible. A limitation in the study of AR is the lack of sufficiently large populations that account for population stratification to study the AR phenotype which in this era occurs in <10% of transplants. Furthermore, the AR phenotype has been difficult to define and the definitions of classifications have evolved over time. Literature related to the pharmacogenomics of tacrolimus is robust and has been validated in many studies. Associations between gene expression and AR are emerging as markers of outcomes and AR classification. In the future, combinations of pretransplant genotype for AR risk prediction, genotype-based immune suppressant dosing, and pharmacogenomic markers to select AR maintenance or treatment and expression markers from biopsies may provide valuable clinical tools for guiding treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey R Dorr
- Department of Nephrology, Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - William S Oetting
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Pamala A Jacobson
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ajay K Israni
- Department of Nephrology, Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Abdolvahabi R, Sarrafnejad A, Nafar M, Jafari D, Razaghi E, Lessan-Pezashki M, Yekaninejad MS, Sharif-Paghaleh E, Amirzargar A. Association Between TLR2, TLR4, and CD14 Gene Polymorphisms and Acute Rejection in Kidney Transplant. EXP CLIN TRANSPLANT 2017; 16:31-37. [PMID: 28411360 DOI: 10.6002/ect.2016.0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Toll-like receptors play an important role in innate and adaptive immune responses and can induce acute graft rejection, especially in the early phase after transplant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible association between TLR2, TLR4, and CD14 polymorphisms and acute renal rejection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Our study included 239 patients seen between 2013 and 2015. Patients were classified into 3 groups: acute rejection group (71 patients), stable graft function group (71 patients), and healthy control group (97 patients). Polymorphisms in TLR2 (Arg753Gln, rs5743708), TLR4 (Asp299Gly, rs4986790; Thr399Ile, rs4986791), and CD14 (-159C/T, rs2569190) were determined by the TaqMan allelic discrimination assay for detection of single-nucleotide polymorphisms. RESULTS The genotype distribution of CD14 rs2569190C/T was found to be significantly different among the acute rejection, stable graft function, and healthy control groups (P < .05). Interestingly, based on logistic regression, CD14 genotype (rs2569190) in patients with acute rejection was still significant after including risk factors. The adjusted odds ratio for CD14 CT+TT over CC genotype was calculated as 3.172 (95% confidence interval, 1.397-7.200; P = .006). Moreover, incidence of acute rejection and graft loss were significantly more frequent in recipients carrying CD14 TT (95% confidence interval, 2.81-27.16; P ≤ .001). In contrast to CD14, no significant differences were observed in the single-nucleotide polymorphisms of TLR2 and TLR4 genes in the acute rejection group versus the stable graft function and healthy control groups. The presence of CD14 T allele was associated with a significantly lower rejection-free survival compared with the CD14 CT and CC genotypes (P ≤ .001). CONCLUSIONS Renal transplant recipients carrying the CD14-159 TT genotype have significantly higher risk of acute rejection and reduced transplant survival rate than patients with heterozygous or wild-type genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Abdolvahabi
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zerdazi EH, Oliveira J, Vorspan F, Bennabi M, Jamain S, Etain B, Leboyer M, Tamouza R, Bellivier F. TLR4 gene polymorphism associated with lifetime cigarette smoking in bipolar disorder. J Neuroimmunol 2017; 305:96-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2017.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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13
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García-González X, Cabaleiro T, Herrero MJ, McLeod H, López-Fernández LA. Clinical implementation of pharmacogenetics. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2016; 31:9-16. [PMID: 26751902 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2015-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, pharmacogenetic research has been performed in different fields. However, the application of pharmacogenetic findings to clinical practice has not been as fast as desirable. The current situation of clinical implementation of pharmacogenetics is discussed. This review focuses on the advances of pharmacogenomics to individualize cancer treatments, the relationship between pharmacogenetics and pharmacodynamics in the clinical course of transplant patients receiving a combination of immunosuppressive therapy, the needs and barriers facing pharmacogenetic clinical application, and the situation of pharmacogenetic testing in Spain. It is based on lectures presented by speakers of the Clinical Implementation of Pharmacogenetics Symposium at the VII Conference of the Spanish Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics Society, held in April 20, 2015.
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Sá KSGD, Pires-Neto ODS, Santana BB, Gomes STM, Amoras EDSG, Conde SRDS, Demachki S, Azevedo VN, Machado LFA, Martins-Feitosa RN, Ishak MDOG, Ishak R, Vallinoto ACR. Toll-like receptor 3 gene polymorphisms are not associated with the risk of hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infection. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2016; 48:136-42. [PMID: 25992926 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0008-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present study investigated the prevalence of two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) gene in patients infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). METHODS Samples collected from HCV (n = 74) and HBV (n = 35) carriers were subjected to quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) to detect the presence of the SNPs rs5743305 and rs3775291 in TLR3 and to measure the following biomarkers: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), and prothrombin time (PT). A healthy control group was investigated and consisted of 299 HCV- and HBV-seronegative individuals. RESULTS No significant differences in allele, genotype and haplotype frequencies were observed between the investigated groups, and no association was observed between the polymorphisms and histopathological results. Nevertheless, genotypes TA/AA (rs5743305) and GG (rs3775291) appear to be associated with higher levels of ALT (p<0.01), AST (p<0.05) and PT (p<0.05). In addition, genotypes TT (rs5743305; p<0.05) and GG (rs3775291; p<0.05) were associated with higher GGT levels. CONCLUSIONS This genetic analysis revealed the absence of an association between the polymorphisms investigated and susceptibility to HBV and HCV infection; however, these polymorphisms might be associated with a greater degree of biliary damage during the course of HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyla Santos Guedes de Sá
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Orlando de Souza Pires-Neto
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Barbara Brasil Santana
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Sâmia Demachki
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Vânia Nakauth Azevedo
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Ricardo Ishak
- Laboratório de Virologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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15
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Hato T, Dagher PC. How the Innate Immune System Senses Trouble and Causes Trouble. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 10:1459-69. [PMID: 25414319 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.04680514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune system is the first line of defense in response to nonself and danger signals from microbial invasion or tissue injury. It is increasingly recognized that each organ uses unique sets of cells and molecules that orchestrate regional innate immunity. The cells that execute the task of innate immunity are many and consist of not only "professional" immune cells but also nonimmune cells, such as renal epithelial cells. Despite a high level of sophistication, deregulated innate immunity is common and contributes to a wide range of renal diseases, such as sepsis-induced kidney injury, GN, and allograft dysfunction. This review discusses how the innate immune system recognizes and responds to nonself and danger signals. In particular, the roles of renal epithelial cells that make them an integral part of the innate immune apparatus of the kidney are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Hato
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Pierre C Dagher
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
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16
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Association of Toll-like receptor polymorphisms with HIV status in North Americans. Genes Immun 2014; 15:569-77. [PMID: 25253287 PMCID: PMC4257894 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2014.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in toll-like receptor (TLR) genes TLR2-4 and TLR7-9, but not in TLR1 and TLR6, have been previously evaluated regarding HIV acquisition and disease progression in various populations, most of which were European. In the present study, we examined associations between a total of 41 SNPs in 8 TLR genes (TLR1-4, TLR6-9) and HIV status in North American subjects (total n = 276 [Caucasian, n = 102; African American, n = 150; other, n = 24]). Stratification of the data by self-identified race revealed that a total of 9 SNPs in TLR1, TLR4, TLR6, and TLR8 in Caucasians, and 2 other SNPs, one each in TLR4 and TLR8, in African Americans were significantly associated with HIV status at P < 0.05. Concordant with the odds ratios of these SNPs, significant differences were observed in the SNP allele frequencies between HIV+ and HIV− subjects. Finally, in Caucasians, certain haplotypes of single (TLR1, TLR4) and heterodimer (TLR2_TLR6) genes may be inferred as “susceptible” or “protective”. Our study provides in-depth insight into the associations between TLR variants, particularly TLR1 and TLR6, and HIV status in North Americans, and suggests that these associations may be race-specific.
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17
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Zhao H, Perez JS, Lu K, George AJT, Ma D. Role of Toll-like receptor-4 in renal graft ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 306:F801-11. [PMID: 24523386 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00469.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) has been increasingly recognized as playing a critical role in the pathogenesis of ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) of renal grafts. This review provides a detailed overview of the new understanding of the involvement of TLR-4 in ischemia-reperfusion injury of renal grafts and its clinical significance in renal transplantation. TLR-4 not only responds to exogenous microbial motifs but can also recognize molecules which are released by stressed and necrotic cells, as well as degraded products of endogenous macromolecules. Upregulation of TLR-4 is found in tubular epithelial cells, vascular endothelial cells, and infiltrating leukocytes during renal ischemia-reperfusion injury, which is induced by massive release of endogenous damage-associated molecular pattern molecules such as high-mobility group box chromosomal protein 1. Activation of TLR-4 promotes the release of proinflammatory mediators, facilitates leukocyte migration and infiltration, activates the innate and adaptive immune system, and potentiates renal fibrosis. TLR-4 inhibition serves as the target of pharmacological agents, which could attenuate ischemia-reperfusion injury and associated delayed graft function and allograft rejection. There is evidence in the literature showing that targeting TLR-4 could improve long-term transplantation outcomes. Given the pivotal role of TLR-4 in ischemia-reperfusion injury and associated delayed graft function and allograft rejection, inhibition of TLR-4 using pharmacological agents could be beneficial for long-term graft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Zhao
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine, and Intensive Care, Dept. of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK.
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18
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Zhou TB. Role of toll-like receptors gene polymorphism in renal transplantation. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2013; 34:12-4. [PMID: 24308358 DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2013.863917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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19
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20
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Brunet M, Millán O, Martorell J. Donor–recipient genetic diversity: the role of
pharmacogenomics in kidney transplantation. Pharmacogenomics 2013; 14:1369-72. [DOI: 10.2217/pgs.13.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mercè Brunet
- Farmacología y Toxicología, Centro de Diagnóstico Biomédico, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Hospital Clínico, Universidad de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Millán
- Farmacología y Toxicología, Centro de Diagnóstico Biomédico, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Hospital Clínico, Universidad de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Martorell
- Immunología, Centro de Diagnóstico Biomédico, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínico, Universidad de Barcelona, Spain
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21
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de Mare-Bredemeijer ELD, Mancham S, Utomo WK, de Canck I, van Thielen M, de Meester E, Rossau R, van der Laan LJW, Hansen BE, Tilanus HW, Kazemier G, Janssen HLA, Metselaar HJ, Kwekkeboom J. Genetic polymorphisms in innate immunity receptors do not predict the risk of bacterial and fungal infections and acute rejection after liver transplantation. Transpl Infect Dis 2012; 15:120-33. [PMID: 23240652 DOI: 10.1111/tid.12034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We studied the influence of a broad range of genetic variants in recipient and donor innate immunity receptors on bacterial and fungal infections and acute rejection after liver transplantation (LT). METHODS Seventy-six polymorphisms in TLR 1-10, NOD2, LBP, CD14, MD2, SIGIRR, Ficolins 1, -2, and -3, MASP 1, -2, and -3, and the complement receptor C1qR1 were determined in 188 LT recipients and 135 of their donors. Associations with clinically significant infections and acute rejection were analyzed for 50 polymorphisms. Significant associations were validated in an independent cohort of 181 recipients and 167 donors. RESULTS Three recipient polymorphisms and 3 donor polymorphisms were associated with infections in the identification cohort, but none of these associations were confirmed in the validation cohort. Three donor polymorphisms were associated with acute rejection in the identification cohort, but not in the validation cohort. CONCLUSION In contrast to their effect in the general population, 50 common genetic variations in innate immunity receptors do not influence susceptibility to bacterial/fungal infections after LT. In addition, no reproducible associations with acute rejection after LT were observed. Likely, transplant-related factors play a superior role as risk factors for bacterial/fungal infections and acute rejection after LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L D de Mare-Bredemeijer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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22
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Oetting WS, Guan W, Schladt DP, Leduc RE, Jacobson PA, Matas AJ, Chinnakotla S, Schröppel B, Murphy BT, Israni AK. Donor polymorphisms of toll-like receptor 4 associated with graft failure in liver transplant recipients. Liver Transpl 2012; 18:1399-405. [PMID: 22987288 PMCID: PMC3518641 DOI: 10.1002/lt.23549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There have been many reports showing significant associations between recipient genetic variants and allograft outcomes, including acute rejection and graft failure, but less is known about the contribution of the donor genotype. We analyzed 37 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) gene from deceased donor liver allografts transplanted into 738 recipients to determine their effects on liver graft failure (LGF). Two SNPs exhibited a significant association with LGF after adjustments for donor race and recipient race and corrections for multiple test comparisons: rs11536865 [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.5, P = 0.0003] and rs5030717 (HR = 1.67, P = 0.0008). An additional SNP, rs913930, exhibited a significant association in Caucasian donors (HR = 1.62, P = 0.0006), and 2 SNPs exhibited a suggestive association in African American donors: rs11536865 (HR = 2.45, P = 0.002) and rs5030717 (HR = 2.32, P = 0.002). Additionally, the liver donor risk index (HR = 2.56, 95% confidence interval = 1.54-4.26, P = 0.0003) and the recipient hepatitis C virus (HCV) status (HR = 1.53, 95% confidence interval = 1.04-2.24, P = 0.032) increased the risk of all-cause LGF in a Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for recipient race. Donor polymorphisms in TLR4 could be important factors in modulating TLR4 activity and, therefore, affect the risk of graft loss. Additionally, there is a suggestion of an interaction between polymorphisms within TLR4 and the HCV status.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S. Oetting
- College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN,Institute of Human Genetics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Weihua Guan
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - David P. Schladt
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Robert E. Leduc
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | - Arthur J. Matas
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | | | | | - Ajay K. Israni
- Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
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23
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Bergler T, Hoffmann U, Bergler E, Jung B, Banas MC, Reinhold SW, Krämer BK, Banas B. Toll-like receptor 4 in experimental kidney transplantation: early mediator of endogenous danger signals. Nephron Clin Pract 2012; 121:e59-70. [PMID: 23171961 DOI: 10.1159/000343566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of toll-like receptors (TLRs) has been described in the pathogenesis of renal ischemia/reperfusion injury, but data on the expression and function of TLR4 during renal allograft damage are still scarce. We analyzed the expression of TLR4 in an experimental rat model 6 and 28 days after allogeneic kidney transplantation in comparison to control rats and rats after syngeneic transplantation. On day 6, a significant induction in TLR4 expression--restricted to the glomerular compartment--was found in acute rejecting allografts only. TLR4 expression strongly correlated with renal function, and TLR4 induction was accompanied by a significant increase in CC chemokine expression within the graft as well as in urinary CC chemokine excretion. TLR4 induction may be caused by an influx of macrophages as well as TLR4-expressing intrinsic renal cells. Fibrinogen deposition in renal allografts correlated with renal TLR4 expression and may act as a potent stimulator of chemokine release via TLR4 activation. This study provides, for the first time, data about the precise intrarenal localization and TLR4 induction after experimental kidney transplantation. It supports the hypothesis that local TLR4 activation by endogenous ligands may be one pathological link from unspecific primary allograft damage to subsequent chemokine release, infiltration and activation of immune cells leading to deterioration of renal function and induction of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Bergler
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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24
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Al-Qahtani A, Al-Ahdal M, Abdo A, Sanai F, Al-Anazi M, Khalaf N, Viswan NA, Al-Ashgar H, Al-Humaidan H, Al-Suwayeh R, Hussain Z, Alarifi S, Al-Okail M, Almajhdi FN. Toll-like receptor 3 polymorphism and its association with hepatitis B virus infection in Saudi Arabian patients. J Med Virol 2012; 84:1353-9. [PMID: 22825813 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the major causative agent of chronic liver complications including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Individuals infected with HBV show a wide spectrum of disease manifestations ranging from asymptomatic carriers to HCC. TLR3 is part of the innate immune system that recognizes double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and provides early immune response to exogenous antigens. The genetic polymorphisms such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TLR3 could be considered as factors for the susceptibility to viral pathogens including HBV. Due to lack of knowledge on the role of TLR3 polymorphisms in HBV infection, this study investigated the distribution of nine SNPs in the TLR3 gene and its association with Saudi Arabian patients infected with HBV. A total of 707 patients and 600 uninfected controls were examined for different parameters including the nine SNPs (rs5743311, rs5743312, rs1879026, rs5743313, rs5743314, rs5743315, rs111611328, rs78726532 and a newly identified SNP located at position 184322913 of chr4). The association analysis confirmed that only one SNP, rs1879026 (G/T), showed a significant difference (P = 0.0480; OR = 0.809, 95% CI = 0.655-0.999) in the distribution between HBV carriers and uninfected controls. While, the rest of the SNPs showed no significant association with regards to HBV infection or in the progression to cirrhosis of the liver and HCC. Furthermore, haplotype analysis revealed that one haplotype GCGA (rs1879026, rs5743313, rs5743314, and rs5743315, respectively), was associated significantly with HBV infection in this population. These findings indicate that genetic variations in the TLR3 gene could affect the outcome of HBV infection among Saudis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al-Qahtani
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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25
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Danger R, Thervet E, Grisoni ML, Puig P, Pallier A, Tregouet D, Lecorre D, Giral M, Legendre C, Soulillou J, Brouard S. PARVG Gene Polymorphism and Operational Renal Allograft Tolerance. Transplant Proc 2012; 44:2845-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2012.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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26
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Eikmans M, de Canck I, van der Pol P, Baan CC, Haasnoot GW, Mallat MJK, Vergunst M, de Meester E, Roodnat JI, Anholts JDH, van Thielen M, Doxiadis IIN, de Fijter JW, van der Linden PJE, van Beelen E, van Kooten C, Kal-van Gestel JA, Peeters AMA, Weimar W, Roelen DL, Rossau R, Claas FHJ. The functional polymorphism Ala258Ser in the innate receptor gene ficolin-2 in the donor predicts improved renal transplant outcome. Transplantation 2012; 94:478-85. [PMID: 22892990 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e31825c5967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Innate immunity plays a role in controlling adaptive immune responses. METHODS We investigated the clinical relevance of single nucleotide polymorphisms in 22 genes encoding innate, secreted, and signaling pattern recognition receptors in a total of 520 donor-recipient pairs of postmortem, human leukocyte antigen-DR-compatible kidney transplantations. Associations with rejection incidence were tested in an a priori randomized training set and validation set. RESULTS Polymorphisms in TLR-3 (rs3775296) in the recipients and in ficolin-2 (rs7851696; Ala258Ser) and C1qR1 (rs7492) in the donors showed the strongest association with severe rejection. In multivariate analysis, presence of the ficolin-2 Ala258Ser variant in the donor predicted lower incidence of severe rejection (odds ratio=0.3; 95% confidence interval, 0.1-0.9; P=0.024) and of graft loss (hazard ratio=0.5; 95% confidence interval, 0.2-1.0; P=0.046) independently of clinical risk factors. Ficolin-2 messenger RNA expression was detected in pretransplantation biopsies from 69 donor grafts. Serum and tissue ficolin-2 levels were unaffected by genotype. Ficolin-2 protein, which bound to dying cells, was detected in donor kidneys in a passenger leukocyte-like pattern. Indeed, monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells expressed ficolin-2. Donor grafts with the ficolin-2 Ala258Ser variant contained significantly elevated expression of interleukin 6, having ascribed cytoprotective effects. It has been described that Ala258Ser leads to increased binding capacity of ficolin-2 to N-acetylglucosamine. CONCLUSIONS Presence of the ficolin-2 Ala258Ser polymorphism in the donor independently predicts improved graft outcome. Based on mechanistic data, we propose that this functional polymorphism leads to more efficient handling of injured cells by phagocytozing cells, resulting in decreased intragraft exposure to danger signals and dampened alloimmune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Eikmans
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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27
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Oetting WS, Schladt DP, Leduc RE, Jacobson PA, Guan W, Matas AJ, Israni A. Validation of single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with acute rejection in kidney transplant recipients using a large multi-center cohort. Transpl Int 2011; 24:1231-8. [PMID: 21955043 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2011.01359.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There have been numerous reports proposing a statistically significant association between a genetic variant, usually in the form of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), and acute rejection (AR). Unfortunately, there are additional publications reporting a lack of association with AR when a different cohort of recipients was analyzed for the same SNP. The objective of this report was to attempt replication of these published finding in our own kidney allograft recipient cohort. We analyzed 23 genetic variants, previously reported to have a significant association with AR, using a cohort of 969 clinically well-defined kidney transplant recipients. Only one SNP, rs6025 (Leiden mutation), within the coagulation factor V gene, showed a significant association with a P-value of 0.011 in a race-adjusted analysis and a P-value of 0.0003 in multiple variable analysis. An additional SNP, rs11706052 in IMPDH2, gave a modest P-value of 0.044 using multiple variable analysis, which is not significant when multiple testing is taken into consideration. Our results suggest that careful validation of previously reported associations with AR is necessary, and different strategies other than candidate gene studies can help to identify causative genetic variants associated with AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S Oetting
- College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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28
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Citores MJ, Baños I, Noblejas A, Rosado S, Castejon R, Cuervas-Mons V. Toll-like receptor 3 L412F polymorphism may protect against acute graft rejection in adult patients undergoing liver transplantation for hepatitis C-related cirrhosis. Transplant Proc 2011; 43:2224-6. [PMID: 21839239 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2011.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Liver transplantation activates the innate immune system by toll-like receptors (TLRs), potentially leading to allograft rejection and graft failure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible association of different single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in several TLR genes with the incidence of acute graft rejection in liver transplant recipients for hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related cirrhosis. This is a single-center study of 100 adult patients who received a first whole only liver graft from deceased donors at our institution between 1988 and 2009 for cirrhosis due to HCV infection. We examined 10 SNPs in the TLR1 (S6021), TLR2 (R753Q), TLR3 (L412F), TLR4 (D299G and T399I), TLR5 (R392X), TLR6 (S249P), TLR7 (Q11L), and TLR9 (-1237T/C and -1486C/T) genes. Genotyping was carried out with the LightSNiP typing assay (TIB-MolBiol, Berlin, Germany) by analyzing the melting curves with the LightCycler 480 system (Roche Applied Science, Mannheim, Germany). Recipient allelic and genotypic distributions for each SNP were compared among patients with and without acute rejection within the first 3 months after transplantation. We found the homozygous mutant TT genotype for TLR3 L412F was associated with a lower rate of acute rejection when compared with the homozygous wild-type genotype [odds ratio (OR) = 0.1, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.01-0.86; P = .017], and showed a trend toward a lower graft rejection rate when compared with patients carrying one or two C alleles (OR = 0.15, 95% CI = 0.02-1.2, P = .05). No other associations with acute rejection rates were found for any other SNP evaluated. This preliminary study suggests an important role for SNP TLR3 L412F in acute rejection in liver transplant patients for HCV-related cirrhosis. Nevertheless, these findings must be prospectively validated in other cohorts of patients as well as in patients after liver transplantation for other etiologies than HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Citores
- Laboratorio de Medicina Interna, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
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29
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Roedder S, Vitalone M, Khatri P, Sarwal MM. Biomarkers in solid organ transplantation: establishing personalized transplantation medicine. Genome Med 2011; 3:37. [PMID: 21658299 PMCID: PMC3218811 DOI: 10.1186/gm253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Technological advances in molecular and in silico research have enabled significant progress towards personalized transplantation medicine. It is now possible to conduct comprehensive biomarker development studies of transplant organ pathologies, correlating genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic information from donor and recipient with clinical and histological phenotypes. Translation of these advances to the clinical setting will allow assessment of an individual patient's risk of allograft damage or accommodation. Transplantation biomarkers are needed for active monitoring of immunosuppression, to reduce patient morbidity, and to improve long-term allograft function and life expectancy. Here, we highlight recent pre- and post-transplantation biomarkers of acute and chronic allograft damage or adaptation, focusing on peripheral blood-based methodologies for non-invasive application. We then critically discuss current findings with respect to their future application in routine clinical transplantation medicine. Complement-system-associated SNPs present potential biomarkers that may be used to indicate the baseline risk for allograft damage prior to transplantation. The detection of antibodies against novel, non-HLA, MICA antigens, and the expression of cytokine genes and proteins and cytotoxicity-related genes have been correlated with allograft damage and are potential post-transplantation biomarkers indicating allograft damage at the molecular level, although these do not have clinical relevance yet. Several multi-gene expression-based biomarker panels have been identified that accurately predicted graft accommodation in liver transplant recipients and may be developed into a predictive biomarker assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Roedder
- Department of Pediatrics and Immunology, Stanford University, G306 300 Pasteur Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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30
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A comprehensive genotype-phenotype interaction of different Toll-like receptor variations in a renal transplant cohort. Clin Sci (Lond) 2011; 119:535-44. [PMID: 20604744 DOI: 10.1042/cs20100190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To date, the impact of the TLR (Toll-like receptor) system on early and late kidney transplantation outcome, such as ARE (acute rejection episodes) or cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, has still not been elucidated conclusively. Genetically determined alterations in TLR expression exhibit a possibility to evaluate their role in transplantation. In the present study, we sought to determine a comprehensive genotype-phenotype association with early and late allograft outcomes. We studied 11 SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) in TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR9 and within a co-molecule CD14 in 265 patients receiving their first kidney transplant and the association of these with the occurrence of DGF (delayed graft function), ARE or MACE (major adverse cardiovascular events). ARE were significantly more frequent in patients carrying the TLR3 TT/CT allele (43.8 compared with 25.8%; P=0.001) as were rates of DGF (21.4 compared with 12.0%; P=0.030). Furthermore, TLR9 was significantly involved in the occurrence of MACE (TLR9 -1237; P=0.030). Interestingly, there was no significant effect of any TLR polymorphism on graft survival or renal function and the incidence of any infection, including CMV (cytomegalovirus) infection. In conclusion, our present study in renal transplant recipients suggests that the TLR system may be involved in both acute rejection and MACE. Modulation of the TLR system may be a promising target in future therapeutic strategies.
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Zhou L, Wei B, Xing C, Xie H, Yu X, Wu L, Zheng S. Polymorphism in 3'-untranslated region of toll-like receptor 4 gene is associated with protection from hepatitis B virus recurrence after liver transplantation. Transpl Infect Dis 2010; 13:250-8. [PMID: 20977567 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3062.2010.00574.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) recurrence is one of the more severe complications following liver transplantation. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a key role in human immunity by recognizing various bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TLRs are thought to have an impact on the susceptibility to some pathogens. This study focused on the association between polymorphisms in the TLRs and HBV recurrence after liver transplantation in Han Chinese patients. METHODS A total of 41 tag SNPs in TLRs were detected by the snapshot technique in 125 patients with primary HBV-related diseases receiving liver transplantation in our center from 2004 to 2008. RESULTS By comparing the genetic variations and clinical data between the HBV recurrence patients and nonrecurrence patients, we found that the variant genotype of rs11536889 (TLR4) was significantly associated with HBV recurrence after liver transplantation (P = 0.040, odds ratio was 0.390, 95% confidence interval 0.159-0.957). CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that polymorphism in 3'-untranslated regions of the TLR4 gene may be related to protection from HBV recurrence after liver transplantation in Han Chinese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province
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Inflammatory genetic markers of prostate cancer risk. Cancers (Basel) 2010; 2:1198-220. [PMID: 24281113 PMCID: PMC3835126 DOI: 10.3390/cancers2021198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Revised: 05/24/2010] [Accepted: 06/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in Western society males, with incidence rates predicted to rise with global aging. Etiology of prostate cancer is however poorly understood, while current diagnostic tools can be invasive (digital rectal exam or biopsy) and/or lack specificity for the disease (prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing). Substantial histological, epidemiological and molecular genetic evidence indicates that inflammation is important in prostate cancer pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize the current status of inflammatory genetic markers influencing susceptibility to prostate cancer. The focus will be on inflammatory cytokines regulating T-helper cell and chemokine homeostasis, together with the Toll-like receptors as key players in the host innate immune system. Although association studies indicating a genetic basis for prostate cancer are presently limited mainly due to lack of replication, larger and more ethnically and clinically defined study populations may help elucidate the true contribution of inflammatory gene variants to prostate cancer risk.
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Goldfarb-Rumyantzev AS, Naiman N. Genetic predictors of acute renal transplant rejection. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2010; 25:1039-47. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfp782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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