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Sivayokan B, King C, Mali I, Payne M, Strating H, Warnes E, Bossmann SH, Plakke B. Aerobic Exercise Improves Cognitive Flexibility and Modulates Regional Volume Changes in a Rat Model of Autism. Behav Brain Res 2024; 471:115136. [PMID: 38971431 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Gestational exposure to valproic acid (VPA) is a risk factor for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Rodents exposed to VPA in utero display common features of ASD, including volumetric dysregulation in higher-order cognitive regions like the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and the hippocampus. Exercise has been shown in elderly populations to boost cognition and to buffer against brain volume losses with age. This study employed an adolescent treadmill exercise intervention to facilitate cognitive flexibility and regional brain volume regulation in rats exposed to VPA during gestation. It was found that exercise improved performance on extra-dimensional shifts of attention on a set-shifting task, which is indicative of improved cognitive flexibility. Exercise decreased frontal cortex volume in females, whereas in males exercise increased the ventral hippocampus. These findings suggest that aerobic exercise may be an effective intervention to counteract the altered development of prefrontal and hippocampal regions often observed in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Sivayokan
- Kansas State University, Psychological Sciences, 1114 Mid-Campus Dr. N, Manhattan, KS 66506
| | - Cole King
- Kansas State University, Psychological Sciences, 1114 Mid-Campus Dr. N, Manhattan, KS 66506
| | - Ivina Mali
- Kansas State University, Department of Chemistry, 1212 Mid-Campus Dr. N, Manhattan, KS 66506
| | - Macy Payne
- Kansas State University, Department of Chemistry, 1212 Mid-Campus Dr. N, Manhattan, KS 66506
| | - Hunter Strating
- Kansas State University, Psychological Sciences, 1114 Mid-Campus Dr. N, Manhattan, KS 66506
| | - Ellie Warnes
- Kansas State University, Psychological Sciences, 1114 Mid-Campus Dr. N, Manhattan, KS 66506
| | - Stefan H Bossmann
- Kansas State University, Department of Chemistry, 1212 Mid-Campus Dr. N, Manhattan, KS 66506
| | - Bethany Plakke
- Kansas State University, Psychological Sciences, 1114 Mid-Campus Dr. N, Manhattan, KS 66506.
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Shi S, Cui S, Yao Y, Ge M, Yang M, Sheng X, Luo B, Yang Y, Yuan X, Zhou X, Liu H, Zhang K. Smartphone video games improve cognitive function in patients with chronic schizophrenia: a randomized controlled trial. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024; 274:929-939. [PMID: 37594510 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01660-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the efficacy of video games in improving cognitive function in chronic patients with schizophrenia and to evaluate the biomarker of video games for cognitive function. The patients in the game group were requested to play single-player video games on their smartphones for 1 h per day, five times a week for 6 weeks. Those in the control group watched television for 1 h per day, five times a week for 6 weeks. Cognitive function was assessed using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) and Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT). Clinical symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE), Problematic Mobile Gaming Questionnaire (PMGQ), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). The game group demonstrated improved RBANS total score during the trial. There were no significant group effects among all SCWT scores. The game group demonstrated greater improvement on the PANSS Negative Scale, and global function (GAF score). The PMGQ scores were lower than the cutoff score at all time points in both groups. There were no significant group differences in the PHQ-9 and GSE scores. The serum BDNF levels were significantly higher in the game group following 6 weeks of video game intervention. The BDNF serum levels of all participants were positively associated with the RBANS total scores. This preliminary study suggested that video games can improve cognitive function in schizophrenia patients. Serum BDNF levels may be a suitable biomarker for predicting an improvement in cognitive function in schizophrenia patients.Trial registration: This study was registered on March 11, 2021 (ChiCTR2100044113).Clinical trials: Smartphone video games improve cognitive function in patients with chronic schizophrenia; https://www.chictr.org.cn/hvshowproject.aspx?id=95623 ; ChiCTR2100044113.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengya Shi
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 64 North Chaohu Road, Hefei, 238000, China
| | - Shu Cui
- Department of Psychiatry, Fuyang Third People's Hospital, Fuyang, China
| | - Yitan Yao
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 64 North Chaohu Road, Hefei, 238000, China
| | - Menglin Ge
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 64 North Chaohu Road, Hefei, 238000, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 64 North Chaohu Road, Hefei, 238000, China
| | - Xuanlian Sheng
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 64 North Chaohu Road, Hefei, 238000, China
| | - Bei Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 64 North Chaohu Road, Hefei, 238000, China
| | - Yating Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 64 North Chaohu Road, Hefei, 238000, China
| | - Xiaoping Yuan
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 64 North Chaohu Road, Hefei, 238000, China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 64 North Chaohu Road, Hefei, 238000, China
| | - Huanzhong Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 64 North Chaohu Road, Hefei, 238000, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 64 North Chaohu Road, Hefei, 238000, China.
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Rißmayer M, Kambeitz J, Javelle F, Lichtenstein TK. Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Exercise Interventions for Psychotic Disorders: The Impact of Exercise Intensity, Mindfulness Components, and Other Moderators on Symptoms, Functioning, and Cardiometabolic Health. Schizophr Bull 2024; 50:615-630. [PMID: 38394386 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbae015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Exercise therapy has been shown to be an effective complementary treatment for patients with psychotic disorders. However, the specific impacts of different training modalities remain poorly understood. This article aims to quantitatively review the moderating influence of different exercise modalities, hypothesizing that higher exercise intensity as well as utilization of mindfulness-based exercise (MBE) components, will improve intervention outcomes. STUDY DESIGN PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycINFO were searched from 2010 to March 2022 for randomized controlled trials investigating exercise interventions in patients with psychotic disorders (preregistration: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/J8QNS). Outcomes considered were positive/negative symptoms, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) General Psychopathology/Total scores, depressive symptoms, psychosocial functioning, quality of life, cardiorespiratory fitness, and body mass index. Separate meta-analyses, including moderator analyses, were performed to evaluate the moderating influence of different training modalities. STUDY RESULTS Of 6653 studies, 40 (n = 2111 patients) were included in the meta-analysis. The effects of moderate-intensity exercise exceed low-intensity approaches for PANSS Total scores (P = .02) and depressive symptoms (P = .04). The presence of MBE components was associated with improvements in positive symptoms (P = .04) and PANSS General Psychopathology subscores (P = .04) but also with higher error and between-study heterogeneity. Our analysis also shows improved intervention effects on depression in younger patients (P = .012) and improved psychosocial functioning scores following more frequent sessions (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS A minimum of moderate intensity should be considered. More frequent training sessions per week also seem to be beneficial. While adding mindfulness elements is promising, it increases heterogeneity and requires caution in terms of generalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Rißmayer
- Department for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, NeuroPsychoImmunology Research Unit, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Joseph Kambeitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Florian Javelle
- Department for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, NeuroPsychoImmunology Research Unit, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Theresa Katharina Lichtenstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Cui W, Liu Z, Liang C, Zhao Z. Comparative efficacy of different types of exercise modalities on psychiatric symptomatology in patients with schizophrenia: a systematic review with network meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7019. [PMID: 38528063 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57081-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This network meta-analysis investigated the effects of 8 types of physical exercises on treating positive symptoms, negative symptoms, general psychopathology, and the Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score in patients with schizophrenia. The methods adhered to PRISMA guidelines and used the Cochrane risk of bias tool for quality assessment, and Stata software for data analysis. Data were sourced from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane database up to August 15, 2023, following PICOS principles. A total of 25 studies including 1441 participants were analyzed. Results showed that resistance exercise seems to be effective for improving positive symptoms, while Yoga was more effective for negative symptoms. Low-intensity aerobic exercise was optimal for general psychopathology, and Yoga was effective in improving the PANSS total score. The study concluded that yoga and aerobic exercise demonstrated superior performance, but the impact of exercise on patients with schizophrenia is also influenced by individual factors and intervention dosages. Therefore, a pre-assessment of patients considering factors such as interests, hobbies, and physical capabilities is crucial for selecting appropriate exercise modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlai Cui
- Graduate School, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Zhitao Liu
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Cheng Liang
- Graduate School, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Zhizhi Zhao
- Institute of Physical Education and Training, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China.
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Pérez-Romero N, Campos-Jara C, Pesce C, Araya Sierralta S, Cerda-Vega E, Ramirez-Campillo R, Campos-Jara R, Martínez-Salazar C, Arellano-Roco C, Contreras-Osorio F. Effects of physical exercise on executive functions of individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296273. [PMID: 38165903 PMCID: PMC10760781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Executive functions are commonly impaired in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Physical exercise has the potential for improving executive functions and can be easily implemented as a therapeutic method. However, there are only few systematic reviews of exercise effects in schizophrenia including cognitive outcomes, and no meta-analytical syntheses of effects on "cool" and "hot" executive functions. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis will be to determine the effects of physical exercise on "cool" and "hot" executive functions of adults with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This protocol was guided by PRISMA-P guidelines. Studies will be searched using combinations of keywords and medical terms in the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCO databases. Inclusion criteria will be determined as per PICOS approach. The risk of bias will be assessed using the Cochrane RoB2 tool. The certainty of evidence (per outcome) will be assessed using the GRADE method. The meta-analyses will be performed using the DerSimonian and Laird random effects model. Effect sizes (Hedges' g) with 95% confidence intervals will be calculated for each main outcome. CONCLUSIONS The results of this review may be useful for mental health professionals to design treatment plans for adults with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, offering potential benefits related to the quality of life and cognitive abilities of this population. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42023392295.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Pérez-Romero
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Postgraduate, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Christian Campos-Jara
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Caterina Pesce
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Enrique Cerda-Vega
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Cristian Martínez-Salazar
- Department of Physical Education, Sports, and Recreation, Pedagogy in Physical Education, School of Education and Social Sciences and Humanities, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Cristián Arellano-Roco
- Laboratorio de Neuromecanica Aplicada, Escuela de kinesiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Falonn Contreras-Osorio
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Gao Y, Syed M, Zhao X. Mechanisms underlying the effect of voluntary running on adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Hippocampus 2023; 33:373-390. [PMID: 36892196 PMCID: PMC10566571 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is important for preserving learning and memory-related cognitive functions. Physical exercise, especially voluntary running, is one of the strongest stimuli to promote neurogenesis and has beneficial effects on cognitive functions. Voluntary running promotes exit of neural stem cells (NSCs) from the quiescent stage, proliferation of NSCs and progenitors, survival of newborn cells, morphological development of immature neuron, and integration of new neurons into the hippocampal circuitry. However, the detailed mechanisms driving these changes remain unclear. In this review, we will summarize current knowledge with respect to molecular mechanisms underlying voluntary running-induced neurogenesis, highlighting recent genome-wide gene expression analyses. In addition, we will discuss new approaches and future directions for dissecting the complex cellular mechanisms driving change in adult-born new neurons in response to physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gao
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Moosa Syed
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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Wu H, Xue K, Peng A, Chai J, Zhao Y. Effectiveness and safety of Baduanjin for schizophrenia: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e32007. [PMID: 36482549 PMCID: PMC9726371 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cause of schizophrenia is still unknown, the course of the disease is long and its onset is thought to be related to neurodevelopmental, genetic, and oxidative stress factors and so on. There is no means of cure. Typical drug therapy is effective in treating the acute stage of schizophrenia, while the impaired social and life functions of patients are often neglected. Baduanjin is a traditional Chinese physical and breathing exercise that not only strengthens the muscles, and moves the joints, but also exercises the will. Many studies have been reported in the study on the application of Baduanjin to schizophrenic patients to promote recovery, but no research systematically evaluates the therapeutic effects and safety of Baduanjin for schizophrenic patients. This study aims to systematically investigate the efficacy and safety of Baduanjin in the treatment of schizophrenic patients. METHODS Reports of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on Baduanjin for schizophrenia will be searched in the following data sources, including 3 English databases(PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library)and 4 Chinese databases(China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Literature, Wanfang, and China Clinical Trials Registry Database), and their publication time is restricted from the establishment of the database to October 1, 2022. Two reviewers will independently perform study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment. RevMan V.5.4 software will be used for meta-analysis. The protocol will be performed according to preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines. RESULTS The results will provide a systematic overview of the current evidence on the use of Baduanjin to treat schizophrenia. CONCLUSION The conclusions of this study will help clarify whether Baduanjin is effective and safe for treating schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyuan Wu
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Kaiyuan Xue
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Aineng Peng
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jianbo Chai
- Department of Neurology, Heilongjiang Mental Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yonghou Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Heilongjiang Mental Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- * Correspondence: Yonghou Zhao, Department of Neurology, Heilongjiang Mental Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150000, China (e-mail: )
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Vilamala S, Puig M, Ochoa S, Martín-Martínez JR, Hernández A, Balsera J, Verdaguer-Rodríguez M, Villellas R, Arenas O, García-Franco M. Assessment of the treatment needs of community recovery Services in Spain: From the perspective of service users, families, and mental health professionals. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2022; 30:e5819-e5830. [PMID: 36073979 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.14013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Profile of Community Recovery Services users has changed over the years and has become more diverse. To explore the evolution of treatment needs, this study aimed to identify users' needs, from the point of view of different agents implicated in the recovery process. We explored the consistency between the agents using the focus group technique. We defined four groups (n = 58): service users, family members, professionals, and referring professionals. We pre-identified topics related to recovery, such as illness-related losses, imaginary of CRS, expectations, activities, and life goals. All agents recognised losses related to the mental illness, the need for carrying activities out of the Community Recovery Services, and for including families in the recovery process. The groups differed in some areas, such as the identification of activities that should be encouraged, or the importance of promoting vital expectations. Our findings suggest that it is important to identify the needs of different agents involved in the recovery process. There is consistency in the service users' needs, but there are some differences that need to be considered. Interventions should be personalised, covering functional, cognitive, and relational losses related to the mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Vilamala
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Etiopatogènia i tractament dels trastorns mentals greus (MERITT), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Esplugues de Llobregat Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Puig
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Etiopatogènia i tractament dels trastorns mentals greus (MERITT), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Esplugues de Llobregat Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Ochoa
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Etiopatogènia i tractament dels trastorns mentals greus (MERITT), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Esplugues de Llobregat Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ana Hernández
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Etiopatogènia i tractament dels trastorns mentals greus (MERITT), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Esplugues de Llobregat Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquin Balsera
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Etiopatogènia i tractament dels trastorns mentals greus (MERITT), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Esplugues de Llobregat Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Verdaguer-Rodríguez
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Etiopatogènia i tractament dels trastorns mentals greus (MERITT), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Esplugues de Llobregat Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raul Villellas
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Etiopatogènia i tractament dels trastorns mentals greus (MERITT), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Esplugues de Llobregat Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Mar García-Franco
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Etiopatogènia i tractament dels trastorns mentals greus (MERITT), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Esplugues de Llobregat Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
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Du XD, Li Z, Yuan N, Yin M, Zhao XL, Lv XL, Zou SY, Zhang J, Zhang GY, Li CW, Pan H, Yang L, Wu SQ, Yue Y, Wu YX, Zhang XY. Delayed improvements in visual memory task performance among chronic schizophrenia patients after high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. World J Psychiatry 2022; 12:1169-1182. [PMID: 36186505 PMCID: PMC9521529 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v12.i9.1169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairments are core characteristics of schizophrenia, but are largely resistant to current treatments. Several recent studies have shown that high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the left dor-solateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) can reduce negative symptoms and improve certain cognitive deficits in schizophrenia patients. However, results are inconsistent across studies.
AIM To examine if high-frequency rTMS of the DLPFC can improve visual memory deficits in patients with schizophrenia.
METHODS Forty-seven chronic schizophrenia patients with severe negative symptoms on stable treatment regimens were randomly assigned to receive active rTMS to the DLPFC (n = 25) or sham stimulation (n = 22) on weekdays for four consecutive weeks. Patients performed the pattern recognition memory (PRM) task from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery at baseline, at the end of rTMS treatment (week 4), and 4 wk after rTMS treatment (week 8). Clinical symptoms were also measured at these same time points using the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS).
RESULTS There were no significant differences in PRM performance metrics, SANS total score, SANS subscores, PANSS total score, and PANSS subscores between active and sham rTMS groups at the end of the 4-wk treatment period, but PRM performance metrics (percent correct and number correct) and changes in these metrics from baseline were significantly greater in the active rTMS group at week 8 compared to the sham group (all P < 0.05). Active rTMS treatment also significantly reduced SANS score at week 8 compared to sham treatment. Moreover, the improvement in visual memory was correlated with the reduction in negative symptoms at week 8. In contrast, there were no between-group differences in PANSS total score and subscale scores at either week 4 or week 8 (all P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION High-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation improves visual memory and reduces negative symptoms in schizophrenia, but these effects are delayed, potentially due to the requirement for extensive neuroplastic changes within DLPFC networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Dong Du
- Suzhou Guangji Hospital, Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Suzhou Guangji Hospital, Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Nian Yuan
- Suzhou Guangji Hospital, Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ming Yin
- Suzhou Guangji Hospital, Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xue-Li Zhao
- Suzhou Guangji Hospital, Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Li Lv
- Suzhou Guangji Hospital, Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Si-Yun Zou
- Suzhou Guangji Hospital, Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Suzhou Guangji Hospital, Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guang-Ya Zhang
- Suzhou Guangji Hospital, Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chuan-Wei Li
- Suzhou Guangji Hospital, Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Department of Psychiatry, Third People’s Hospital of Changshu, Changshu 215501, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Third People’s Hospital of Changshu, Changshu 215501, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Si-Qi Wu
- School of Psychology and Mental Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Langfang 065201, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yan Yue
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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10
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Lavratti C, Iraci L, Ferreira A, Dorneles G, Pochmann D, da Rosa Boeira M, Peres A, Elsner V. Time course of epigenetic modulation in response to concurrent exercise training in patients with schizophrenia. COMPARATIVE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3920/cep210013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the short and long-term effects of concurrent exercise training on anthropometric variables, HDCA2 activity and cortisol levels of individuals with schizophrenia (SZ). Therefore, 10 patients were submitted to the program (endurance and strength exercises in the same session, 60 min of duration, three times a week) and blood samples were collected before, 30 days and 180 days after the intervention started. Exercise training reduced the body mass index and body mass after 180 days of the intervention. A significant decrease on HDAC2 activity was found 180 days after intervention compared to before the intervention. The cortisol levels remained unchanged in any evaluated time-points. The concurrent exercise training was able to modulate HDAC2 activity in mononuclear cells and improve anthropometric variables in a time-dependent manner in patients with SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Lavratti
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Rua Coronel Joaquim Pedro Salgado 80, Rio Branco, CEP 90420-060 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - L. Iraci
- Curso de Fisioterapia do Centro Universitário Metodista-IPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - A. Ferreira
- Curso de Fisioterapia do Centro Universitário Metodista-IPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - G. Dorneles
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Lab., Department of Health Basic Sciences. Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - D. Pochmann
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Biociências e Reabilitação doCentro Universitário Metodista-IPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - M.C. da Rosa Boeira
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Rua Coronel Joaquim Pedro Salgado 80, Rio Branco, CEP 90420-060 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - A. Peres
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Lab., Department of Health Basic Sciences. Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - V.R. Elsner
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Lab., Department of Health Basic Sciences. Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Biociências e Reabilitação doCentro Universitário Metodista-IPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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11
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Metabolic disturbances, hemoglobin A1c, and social cognition impairment in Schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:233. [PMID: 35668078 PMCID: PMC9170776 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02002-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Social cognitive impairments are core features of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) and are associated with greater functional impairment and decreased quality of life. Metabolic disturbances have been related to greater impairment in general neurocognition, but their relationship to social cognition has not been previously reported. In this study, metabolic measures and social cognition were assessed in 245 participants with SSD and 165 healthy comparison subjects (HC), excluding those with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) > 6.5%. Tasks assessed emotion processing, theory of mind, and social perception. Functional connectivity within and between social cognitive networks was measured during a naturalistic social task. Among SSD, a significant inverse relationship was found between social cognition and cumulative metabolic burden (β = -0.38, p < 0.001) and HbA1c (β = -0.37, p < 0.001). The relationship between social cognition and HbA1c was robust across domains and measures of social cognition and after accounting for age, sex, race, non-social neurocognition, hospitalization, and treatment with different antipsychotic medications. Negative connectivity between affect sharing and motor resonance networks was a partial mediator of this relationship across SSD and HC groups (β = -0.05, p = 0.008). There was a group x HbA1c effect indicating that SSD participants were more adversely affected by increasing HbA1c. Thus, we provide the first report of a robust relationship in SSD between social cognition and abnormal glucose metabolism. If replicated and found to be causal, insulin sensitivity and blood glucose may present as promising targets for improving social cognition, functional outcomes, and quality of life in SSD.
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12
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Xu Y, Cai Z, Fang C, Zheng J, Shan J, Yang Y. Impact of aerobic exercise on cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia during daily care: A meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res 2022; 312:114560. [PMID: 35500333 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
To assess the effect of aerobic exercise (AZ) on global cognition and different cognition domains in patients with schizophrenia (SZ) in daily care. Selection of the literature was done through the Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Library databases. Standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the effect of AZ on cognition of SZ patients. All assessment indicators were subjected to sensitivity analysis to test the stability of the result. Subgroup analysis was conducted on study type, follow-up time, supervisor and control method. Totally, 23 articles enrolling 1014 participants were included. The global cognition of SZ patients was improved after 6 months of follow-up. AE guided by an occupational therapist improved the global cognition of SZ patients. AE was associated with improved verbal learning and memory, reasoning and problem solving (SMD: 0.375, 95%CI: 0.009 to 0.741, P = 0.045). However, effects on speed of processing, attention/vigilance, work memory, visual learning and memory, social cognition were not significant. The effect of AE training on global cognition may be maintained over the long-term, and be domain specific. Patients with SZ can do AE guided by professional occupational therapist in their daily lives settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehui Xu
- Department of Nursing, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, No.158 Xueshiqian Road, Panqiao Town, Ouhai District, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Ziyao Cai
- Department of Outpatient, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Chunxia Fang
- Department of Prevention & Treatment, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Nursing, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, No.158 Xueshiqian Road, Panqiao Town, Ouhai District, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Jianmin Shan
- Ward 301, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Yafang Yang
- Department of Nursing, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, No.158 Xueshiqian Road, Panqiao Town, Ouhai District, Wenzhou 325000, PR China.
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13
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Trapp W, Heid A, Röder S, Wimmer F, Hajak G. Cognitive Remediation in Psychiatric Disorders: State of the Evidence, Future Perspectives, and Some Bold Ideas. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12060683. [PMID: 35741569 PMCID: PMC9221116 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12060683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Many people with psychiatric disorders experience impairments in cognition. These deficits have a significant impact on daily functioning and sometimes even on the further course of their disease. Cognitive remediation (CR) is used as an umbrella term for behavioral training interventions to ameliorate these deficits. In most but not all studies, CR has proven effective in improving cognition and enhancing everyday functional outcomes. In this paper, after quickly summarizing the empirical evidence, practical advice to optimize the effects of CR interventions is provided. We advocate that CR interventions should be as fun and motivating as possible, and therapists should at least consider using positively toned emotional stimuli instead of neutral stimuli. Participants should be screened for basic processing deficits, which should be trained before CR of higher-order cognitive domains. CR should stimulate metacognition and utilize natural settings to invoke social cognition. Wherever possible, CR tasks should link to tasks that participants face in their everyday life. Therapists should consider that participants might also benefit from positive side effects on symptomatology. Finally, the CR approach might even be utilized in settings where the treatment of cognitive impairments is not a primary target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Trapp
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Social Foundation Bamberg, 96049 Bamberg, Germany; (A.H.); (S.R.); (F.W.); (G.H.)
- Fachhochschule des Mittelstands, Department of Psychology, University of Applied Sciences, 96050 Bamberg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Andreas Heid
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Social Foundation Bamberg, 96049 Bamberg, Germany; (A.H.); (S.R.); (F.W.); (G.H.)
| | - Susanne Röder
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Social Foundation Bamberg, 96049 Bamberg, Germany; (A.H.); (S.R.); (F.W.); (G.H.)
| | - Franziska Wimmer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Social Foundation Bamberg, 96049 Bamberg, Germany; (A.H.); (S.R.); (F.W.); (G.H.)
| | - Göran Hajak
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Social Foundation Bamberg, 96049 Bamberg, Germany; (A.H.); (S.R.); (F.W.); (G.H.)
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14
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Khonsari NM, Badrfam R, Mohammdi MR, Rastad H, Etemadi F, Vafaei Z, Zandifar A. Effect of Aerobic Exercise as Adjunct Therapy on the Improvement of Negative Symptoms and Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Schizophrenia: A Randomized, Case-Control Clinical Trial. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2021; 60:38-43. [PMID: 34677118 DOI: 10.3928/02793695-20211014-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of exercise on negative and cognitive symptoms and simultaneous evaluation of brain and hippocampus volume in patients with schizophrenia. Forty patients with schizophrenia were randomly divided into two groups. The intervention group, in addition to pharmacological treatment, underwent a multi-session exercise program for 8 weeks. At the beginning and end of the study, patients were assessed for cognitive status and negative symptoms using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), respectively. Total brain volume and hippocampus volume were also measured using magnetic resonance imaging. Overall, mean MMSE score significantly improved over time, but this improvement was greater in the intervention group (29%) compared to the control group (11%). The same was true for the PANSS negative score (21.5% vs. 53.5%). Absolute hippocampus volume during these 8 weeks, in exercise and control groups, increased from 6.24 to 7.11 and 6.44 to 6.59, respectively. The greater increase in volume obtained in the intervention group was statistically significant (p = 0.003). Exercise may be associated with improved cognitive function and negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia; however, additional studies are warranted. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, xx(x), xx-xx.].
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15
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Dwir D, Cabungcal JH, Xin L, Giangreco B, Parietti E, Cleusix M, Jenni R, Klauser P, Conus P, Cuénod M, Steullet P, Do KQ. Timely N-Acetyl-Cysteine and Environmental Enrichment Rescue Oxidative Stress-Induced Parvalbumin Interneuron Impairments via MMP9/RAGE Pathway: A Translational Approach for Early Intervention in Psychosis. Schizophr Bull 2021; 47:1782-1794. [PMID: 34080015 PMCID: PMC8530393 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbab066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Research in schizophrenia (SZ) emphasizes the need for new therapeutic approaches based on antioxidant/anti-inflammatory compounds and psycho-social therapy. A hallmark of SZ is a dysfunction of parvalbumin-expressing fast-spiking interneurons (PVI), which are essential for neuronal synchrony during sensory/cognitive processing. Oxidative stress and inflammation during early brain development, as observed in SZ, affect PVI maturation. We compared the efficacy of N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) and/or environmental enrichment (EE) provided during juvenile and/or adolescent periods in rescuing PVI impairments induced by an additional oxidative insult during childhood in a transgenic mouse model with gluthation deficit (Gclm KO), relevant for SZ. We tested whether this rescue was promoted by the inhibition of MMP9/RAGE mechanism, both in the mouse model and in early psychosis (EP) patients, enrolled in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of NAC supplementation for 6 months. We show that a sequential combination of NAC+EE applied after an early-life oxidative insult recovers integrity and function of PVI network in adult Gclm KO, via the inhibition of MMP9/RAGE. Six-month NAC treatment in EP patients reduces plasma sRAGE in association with increased prefrontal GABA, improvement of cognition and clinical symptoms, suggesting similar neuroprotective mechanisms. The sequential combination of NAC+EE reverses long-lasting effects of an early oxidative insult on PVI/perineuronal net (PNN) through the inhibition of MMP9/RAGE mechanism. In analogy, patients vulnerable to early-life insults could benefit from a combined pharmacological and psycho-social therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella Dwir
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Department of Psychiatry, Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), CH-1008 Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland; tel: +41-314-55-44, e-mail:
| | - Jan-Harry Cabungcal
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lijing Xin
- Animal Imaging and Technology Core (AIT), Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Basilio Giangreco
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Enea Parietti
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martine Cleusix
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland,Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Raoul Jenni
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland,Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul Klauser
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland,Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Conus
- Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michel Cuénod
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Steullet
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kim Q Do
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
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16
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The Association of Social Support and Symptomatic Remission among Community-Dwelling Schizophrenia Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18083977. [PMID: 33918873 PMCID: PMC8070210 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18083977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a mental disease that often leads to chronicity. Social support could reduce the severity of psychotic symptoms; therefore, its influence on remission should be examined. This study investigated the remission rates in community-dwelling schizophrenia patients and examined the association between social support and remission status. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 129 schizophrenia patients in Taiwan. Remission rates were evaluated, and the level of social support, clinical characteristics, sociodemographic variables, and healthy lifestyle status were compared between the remission and nonremission groups. The association between social support and remission was analyzed after adjusting for confounding factors. The mean illness duration is 12.9 years. More than 95% of the participants lived with their families, 63% were unemployed, and 43% achieved remission. Higher social support was observed in the remission group, and a significant correlation was observed between family domain of social support and remission status. Family support was a protective factor of symptomatic remission in community-dwelling schizophrenia patients in Taiwan. The results reflect the effects of a family-centered culture on patients during illness. Consequently, reinforcing family relationships and the capacity of families to manage the symptoms of patients and providing support to families are recommended.
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17
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Huang J, Tong J, Zhang P, Zhou Y, Cui Y, Tan S, Wang Z, Yang F, Kochunov P, Chiappelli J, Tian B, Tian L, Tan Y, Hong LE. Effects of neuroactive metabolites of the tryptophan pathway on working memory and cortical thickness in schizophrenia. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:198. [PMID: 33795641 PMCID: PMC8016899 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01311-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of tryptophan metabolites known to be neuroactive have been examined for their potential associations with cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Among these metabolites, kynurenic acid (KYNA), 5-hydroxyindole (5-HI), and quinolinic acid (QUIN) are documented in their diverse effects on α-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) and/or N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), two of the receptor types thought to contribute to cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. In this study, serum levels of KYNA, 5-HI, and QUIN were measured in 195 patients with schizophrenia and in 70 healthy controls using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; cognitive performance in MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery and cortical thickness measured by magnetic resonance imaging were obtained. Patients with schizophrenia had significantly lower serum KYNA (p < 0.001) and QUIN (p = 0.02) levels, and increased 5-HI/KYNA (p < 0.001) and QUIN/KYNA ratios (p < 0.001) compared with healthy controls. Multiple linear regression showed that working memory was positively correlated with serum 5-HI levels (t = 2.10, p = 0.04), but inversely correlated with KYNA concentrations (t = -2.01, p = 0.05) in patients. Patients with high 5-HI and low KYNA had better working memory than other subgroups (p = 0.01). Higher 5-HI levels were associated with thicker left lateral orbitofrontal cortex (t = 3.71, p = 2.94 × 10-4) in patients. The different effects of 5-HI and KYNA on working memory may appear consistent with their opposite receptor level mechanisms. Our findings appear to provide a new insight into the dynamic roles of tryptophan pathway metabolites on cognition, which may benefit novel therapeutic development that targets cognitive impairment in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchao Huang
- grid.414351.60000 0004 0530 7044Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghui Tong
- grid.414351.60000 0004 0530 7044Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- grid.414351.60000 0004 0530 7044Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfang Zhou
- grid.414351.60000 0004 0530 7044Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yimin Cui
- grid.411472.50000 0004 1764 1621Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuping Tan
- grid.414351.60000 0004 0530 7044Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiren Wang
- grid.414351.60000 0004 0530 7044Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fude Yang
- grid.414351.60000 0004 0530 7044Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Peter Kochunov
- grid.411024.20000 0001 2175 4264Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Joshua Chiappelli
- grid.411024.20000 0001 2175 4264Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Baopeng Tian
- grid.414351.60000 0004 0530 7044Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Tian
- grid.10939.320000 0001 0943 7661Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Yunlong Tan
- Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - L. Elliot Hong
- grid.411024.20000 0001 2175 4264Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
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18
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Bang-Kittilsen G, Egeland J, Holmen TL, Bigseth TT, Andersen E, Mordal J, Ulleberg P, Engh JA. High-intensity interval training and active video gaming improve neurocognition in schizophrenia: a randomized controlled trial. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2021; 271:339-353. [PMID: 33156372 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-020-01200-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There is a need for treatments targeting neurocognitive dysfunctions in schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to investigate the neurocognitive effect of aerobic high-intensity interval training (HIIT). A comparison group performed sport simulating active video gaming (AVG). We anticipated that HIIT would improve neurocognition beyond any effect of AVG, due to engagement in higher intensity cardiorespiratory demands. Recent research on the beneficial neurocognitive effect of AVG challenges this expectation but added new relevance to comparing the two interventions. This is an observer-blinded randomized controlled trial. Eighty-two outpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia were allocated to HIIT (n = 43) or AVG (n = 39). Both groups received two supervised sessions per week for 12 weeks. The attrition rate was 31%, and 65% of the participants were defined as protocol compliant study completers. Intention-to-treat analyses showed significant improvements in the neurocognitive composite score from baseline to post-intervention and from baseline to 4 months follow-up in the total sample. The same pattern of results was found in several subdomains. Contrary to our hypothesis, we found no interaction effects of time and group, indicating equal effects in both groups. Separate within-group analysis unexpectedly showed trends of differential effects in the learning domain, as HIIT showed post-intervention improvement in verbal but not visual learning, while AVG showed improvement in visual but not verbal learning. HIIT and AVG improve neurocognition equally, suggesting that both interventions may be applied to target neurocognition in schizophrenia. Future research should investigate trends towards possible differential effects of exercise modes on neurocognitive subdomains. NCT02205684, 31.07.14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gry Bang-Kittilsen
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Mail Office Box 2168, 3103, Tønsberg, Norway.
| | - Jens Egeland
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Mail Office Box 2168, 3103, Tønsberg, Norway.,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tom Langerud Holmen
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Mail Office Box 2168, 3103, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Therese Torgersen Bigseth
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Mail Office Box 2168, 3103, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Eivind Andersen
- Faculty of Humanities, Sports and Educational Science, University of Southeast Norway, Horten, Norway
| | - Jon Mordal
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Mail Office Box 2168, 3103, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Pål Ulleberg
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - John Abel Engh
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Mail Office Box 2168, 3103, Tønsberg, Norway
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19
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Massa N, Alrohaibani A, Mammino K, Bello M, Taylor N, Cuthbert B, Fargotstein M, Coulter MM, Boatright JH, Nocera J, Duncan E. The Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Physical and Cognitive Outcomes in a Small Cohort of Outpatients with Schizophrenia. Brain Plast 2020; 5:161-174. [PMID: 33282679 PMCID: PMC7685675 DOI: 10.3233/bpl-200105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a severe, chronic illness characterized by psychotic symptoms and impairments in many cognitive domains. Dysregulation of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is associated with the cognitive impairments seen in patients with SCZ. Given the growing literature supporting a positive effect of aerobic exercise on cognition in other populations, we hypothesized that a structured aerobic exercise program would improve cognitive and functional outcomes in subjects with SCZ, potentially mediated by increases in BDNF. Methods: The study was a small randomized parallel group clinical trial of subjects with SCZ comparing 12 weeks of aerobic exercise (AE) against control (CON) stretching and balance training. At Baseline, Week 12, and Week 20 we collected serum samples for analysis of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and assessed functional, physical, and cognitive outcomes. Linear regression models were used to compare change scores between timepoints. Results: We randomized 21 subjects to AE and 17 to CON; however, only 9 AE and 6 CON completed their programs. Subjects in both groups were slower at the 400 m walk in Week 12 compared to Baseline, but the AE group had significantly less slowing than the CON group (B = –28.32, p = 0.011). Between Week 12 and Week 20, the AE group had a significantly greater change score on the Composite and Visual Learning Domain of the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (B = 5.11, p = 0.03; B = 13.96, p = 0.006). Conclusion: These results indicate that participation in a structured aerobic exercise paradigm may modestly blunt physical function decline and enhance cognitive function in individuals with SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Massa
- Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA
| | | | - Kevin Mammino
- Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Medina Bello
- Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Nicholas Taylor
- Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Bruce Cuthbert
- Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Jeffery H Boatright
- Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joe Nocera
- Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA.,Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Erica Duncan
- Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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20
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Annette S, Stephan G, Mueser KT, Martin H, Elisabeth R, Ulrich G, Marketa C, Rolf E, Hans-Jürgen M, Peter F. A 2-year longitudinal study of neuropsychological functioning, psychosocial adjustment and rehospitalisation in schizophrenia and major depression. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 270:699-708. [PMID: 32246196 PMCID: PMC7423783 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-020-01118-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuropsychological functioning turns out to be a rate-limiting factor in psychiatry. However, little is known when comparing neuropsychological and psychosocial functioning in inpatients with schizophrenia or severe depression in their treatment pathways including add-on psychoeducation or the latter combined with cognitive behavioral therapy up to 2-year follow-up. To evaluate this question, we investigated these variables in two randomised controlled trials including 196 patients with DSM-IV schizophrenia and 177 patients with major depression. Outcome measures were assessed in the hospital at pre- and posttreatment and following discharge until 2-year follow-up. We focused on neuropsychological and psychosocial functioning regarding its differences and changes over time in data of two pooled trials. There were significant time effects indicating gains in knowledge about the illness, short and medium-term memory (VLMT) and psychosocial functioning (GAF), however, the latter was the only variable showing a time x study/diagnosis interaction effect at 2-year follow-up, showing significant better outcome in depression compared to schizophrenia. Moderator analysis showed no changes in psychosocial and neuropsychological functioning in schizophrenia and in affective disorders due to age, duration of illness or sex. Looking at the rehospitalisation rates there were no significant differences between both disorders. Both groups treated with psychoeducation or a combination of psychoeducation and CBT improved in neuropsychological and psychosocial functioning as well as knowledge about the illness at 2-year follow-up, however, patients with major depression showed greater gains in psychosocial functioning compared to patients with schizophrenia. Possible implications of these findings were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Schaub Annette
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Nussbaumstr.7, 80336, Munich, Germany.
| | - Goerigk Stephan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Nussbaumstr.7, 80336, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychological Methodology and Assesssment, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Leopoldstr. 13, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Kim T Mueser
- Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Boston University, 940 Commonwealth Avenue, West Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Hautzinger Martin
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, 72026, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Goldmann Ulrich
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Leopoldstrasse 44, 80802, Munich, Germany
- Private Praxis, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Engel Rolf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Nussbaumstr.7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Möller Hans-Jürgen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Nussbaumstr.7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Falkai Peter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Nussbaumstr.7, 80336, Munich, Germany
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21
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Lederman O, Ward PB, Rosenbaum S, Maloney C, Watkins A, Teasdale S, Morell R, Curtis J. Stepping up early treatment for help-seeking youth with at-risk mental states: Feasibility and acceptability of a real-world exercise program. Early Interv Psychiatry 2020; 14:450-462. [PMID: 31531959 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Youth with at-risk mental states (ARMS) have low levels of physical activity (PA), reduced fitness levels and experience poor sleep quality. These lifestyle factors exacerbate mental health symptoms and increase cardiometabolic disease risk. PA interventions can help prevent this decline in physical health whilst reducing mental health symptom severity. Whether PA interventions are feasible and acceptable amongst youth with ARMS is unclear. METHODS This study evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of headspace Active, a pragmatic PA program offered to 14 to 25 year olds with ARMS. The 12-week exercise physiologist-led intervention was conducted in adjunct to usual care. Feasibility was determined by number of referrals, attendance, engagement in exercise sessions and dropout from the intervention. Acceptability was assessed by a 10-item questionnaire. Secondary outcomes included anthropometry, cardiorespiratory fitness and strength. Subjective PA levels, symptoms of depression and anxiety, sleep, motivation and quality of life were also assessed. RESULTS Within 12 months, 77% of referrals completed the 12-week intervention (n = 20), with six dropouts. Of the 20 "completers", 95% attended at least five sessions over the 12-week intervention. Participants found the program highly acceptable (mean = 41.2/50 on the 10-item acceptability questionnaire) and experienced significant improvements in PA, strength, motivation, depressive symptoms and sleep quality post-intervention. No changes in anthropometry were observed. CONCLUSION Results suggest headspace Active was feasible and acceptable and was associated with improvements in physical and mental health outcomes among ARMS youth. Given the potential scalability of this real-world PA program to other youth mental health settings, these data have implications for best practice implementation of PA interventions for individuals with emerging mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Lederman
- Keeping the Body In Mind, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip B Ward
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Schizophrenia Research Unit, Liverpool Hospital and Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Simon Rosenbaum
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chris Maloney
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew Watkins
- Keeping the Body In Mind, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Scott Teasdale
- Keeping the Body In Mind, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rachel Morell
- Keeping the Body In Mind, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jackie Curtis
- Keeping the Body In Mind, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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22
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Mitsadali I, Grayson B, Idris NF, Watson L, Burgess M, Neill J. Aerobic exercise improves memory and prevents cognitive deficits of relevance to schizophrenia in an animal model. J Psychopharmacol 2020; 34:695-708. [PMID: 32431225 DOI: 10.1177/0269881120922963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia (CIAS) greatly reduces patients' functionality, and remains an unmet clinical need. The sub-chronic phencyclidine (scPCP) rat model is commonly employed in studying CIAS. We have previously shown that voluntary exercise reverses impairments in novel object recognition (NOR) induced by scPCP. However, there has not been a longitudinal study investigating the potential protective effects of exercise in a model of CIAS. This study aimed to investigate the pro-cognitive and protective effects of exercise on CIAS using the translational NOR and attentional set-shifting tasks (ASST). METHODS Female Lister Hooded rats were either exercised (wheel running for one hour per day, five days per week, for six weeks; n=20) or not (n=20) and then tested in a natural-forgetting NOR test. Rats in each group were then administered either PCP (2 mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p.)) or saline solution (1 mL/kg i.p.) for seven days, followed by seven days washout. Three NOR tests were conducted immediately and two and nine weeks after washout, and a natural-forgetting NOR test was carried out again eight weeks post washout. Rats were trained and tested in ASST from week 6 to week 10 post washout. RESULTS Non-exercised rats displayed a deficit in both of the natural-forgetting NOR tests, whereas exercised rats did not. The scPCP exercise group did not show the expected deficit in NOR at any time point, and had a significantly ameliorated deficit in the ASST compared to the scPCP control group. CONCLUSION Voluntary exercise has long-lasting pro-cognitive and protective effects in two cognitive domains. Exercise improves cognition and could provide protection against CIAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idil Mitsadali
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ben Grayson
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Nagi F Idris
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Linzi Watson
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Matthew Burgess
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Joanna Neill
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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23
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Takahashi S, Keeser D, Rauchmann BS, Schneider-Axmann T, Keller-Varady K, Maurus I, Dechent P, Wobrock T, Hasan A, Schmitt A, Ertl-Wagner B, Malchow B, Falkai P. Effect of aerobic exercise combined with cognitive remediation on cortical thickness and prediction of social adaptation in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2020; 216:397-407. [PMID: 31806522 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic exercise is a promising intervention for patients with schizophrenia, but structural neuroplastic effects on brain regions relevant to the pathophysiology of the disease remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate longitudinal changes in cortical thickness after aerobic exercise intervention in schizophrenia patients and the relationship of these changes to clinical correlates. We investigated 21 schizophrenia patients and 23 healthy controls who performed aerobic exercise and 21 schizophrenia patients who played table soccer. The 12-week exercise intervention was combined with computer-assisted cognitive remediation training from week 6 to week 12. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were acquired at baseline and weeks 6, 12, and 24. The thickness of the entorhinal, parahippocampal, and lateral and medial prefrontal cortices was assessed with FreeSurfer 6.0. The schizophrenia aerobic exercise group showed a significant increase of cortical thickness in the right entorhinal cortex at week 6, and we found a significant correlation between the cortical thickness of the right lateral prefrontal cortex at baseline and improvement of social adaptation at week 12. In the schizophrenia table soccer and healthy control groups, we found no significant longitudinal change in cortical thickness through the intervention and follow-up period and no correlation of cortical thickness at baseline with clinical measures. Our results suggest that aerobic exercise in schizophrenia modulates the thickness of the entorhinal cortex, a structure adjacent to the hippocampus. Greater cortical thickness of the right lateral prefrontal cortex appears to predict better clinical response to an aerobic exercise intervention in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Takahashi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, 6410012, Wakayama, Japan.
| | - Daniel Keeser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany; Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Boris-Stephan Rauchmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany; Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Schneider-Axmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Katriona Keller-Varady
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Isabel Maurus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Dechent
- Institute for Cognitive Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Wobrock
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Georg-August-University, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075, Göttingen, Germany; Centre of Mental Health, County Hospitals Darmstadt-Dieburg, Krankenhausstraße 7, 64823, Groß-Umstadt, Germany
| | - Alkomiet Hasan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Schmitt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany; Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27), Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo, 05403-010, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Birgit Ertl-Wagner
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany; Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, McCaul Street 263, Toronto, M5T1W7, Ontario, Canada
| | - Berend Malchow
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Jena, Philosophenweg 3, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
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24
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Abstract
Chronic heart failure, diabetes, depression, and other chronic diseases are associated with high mortality rate and low cure rate. Exercise induces muscle contraction and secretes multiple myokines, which affects the signaling pathways in skeletal muscle tissues and regulate remote organ functions. Exercise is known to be effective in treating a variety of chronic diseases. Here we summarize how exercise influences skeletal muscle, heart, brain, gut, and liver, and prevents heart failure, cognitive dysfunction, obesity, fatty liver, and other diseases. Exercise training may achieve additional benefits as compared to the present medication for these chronic diseases through cross talk among skeletal muscle and other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Daqing Qilfield General Hospital, Daqing, China
| | - Minjun Xu
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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25
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Zhang L, So KF. Exercise, spinogenesis and cognitive functions. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2019; 147:323-360. [PMID: 31607360 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Exercise training improves mental and cognitive functions by enhancing neurogenesis and neuroprotection. Recent studies suggest the facilitation of spinogenesis across different brain regions including hippocampus and cerebral cortex by physical activity. In this article we will summarize major findings for exercise effects on synaptogenesis and spinogenesis, in order to provide mechanisms for exercise intervention of both psychiatric diseases and neurodegenerative disorders. We will also revisit major findings for molecular mechanism governing exercise-related spinogenesis, and will discuss the screening for novel factors, or exerkines, whose levels are correlated with endurance training and affect neural plasticity. We believe that further studies focusing on the molecular mechanism of exercise-mediate spinogenesis should benefit the optimization of exercise therapy in clinics and the evaluation of treatment efficiency using specific biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, PR China; Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, PR China; Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China.
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26
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Maurus I, Hasan A, Röh A, Takahashi S, Rauchmann B, Keeser D, Malchow B, Schmitt A, Falkai P. Neurobiological effects of aerobic exercise, with a focus on patients with schizophrenia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2019; 269:499-515. [PMID: 31115660 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-019-01025-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe neuropsychiatric disease that is associated with neurobiological alterations in multiple brain regions and peripheral organs. Negative symptoms and cognitive deficits are present in about half of patients and are difficult to treat, leading to an unfavorable functional outcome. To investigate the impact of aerobic exercise on various neurobiological parameters, we conducted a narrative review. Add-on aerobic exercise was shown to be effective in improving negative and general symptoms, cognition, global functioning, and quality of life in schizophrenia patients. Based on findings in healthy individuals and animal models, this qualitative review gives an overview of different lines of evidence on how aerobic exercise impacts brain structure and function and molecular mechanisms in patients with schizophrenia and how its effects could be related to clinical and functional outcomes. Structural magnetic resonance imaging studies showed a volume increase in the hippocampus and cortical regions in schizophrenia patients and healthy controls after endurance training. However, results are inconsistent and individual risk factors may influence neuroplastic processes. Animal studies indicate that alterations in epigenetic mechanisms and synaptic plasticity are possible underlying mechanisms, but that differentiation of glial cells, angiogenesis, and possibly neurogenesis may also be involved. Clinical and animal studies also revealed effects of aerobic exercise on the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, growth factors, and immune-related mechanisms. Some findings indicate effects on neurotransmitters and the endocannabinoid system. Further research is required to clarify how individual risk factors in schizophrenia patients mediate or moderate the neurobiological effects of exercise on brain and cognition. Altogether, aerobic exercise is a promising candidate in the search for pathophysiology-based add-on interventions in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Maurus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany.
| | - Alkomiet Hasan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Astrid Röh
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Shun Takahashi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Boris Rauchmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Keeser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany.,Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Berend Malchow
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Andrea Schmitt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany.,Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27), Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Peter Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
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27
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Neuroplasticity and Cognitive Training in Schizophrenia. Curr Behav Neurosci Rep 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40473-019-00178-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Aberrant neurogenesis may contribute to the pathogenesis, pathophysiology and symptoms of schizophrenia. This review summarizes the state of knowledge of adult neurogenesis in schizophrenia and raises important unanswered questions. We highlight how alterations in signalling molecules in the local and peripheral environments in schizophrenia may regulate adult neurogenesis in the human subgranular zone of the hippocampus and the subependymal zone (SEZ). RECENT FINDINGS Cell proliferation and density of mature neurons are reduced in the hippocampus, yet the extent of adult neurogenesis remains unexplored in the SEZ in schizophrenia. The human SEZ is a major source of postnatally migrating cortical and striatal inhibitory interneurons, indicating that aberrant neurogenesis may extend to the SEZ and contribute to inhibitory interneuron deficits in schizophrenia. Trophic factors and inflammatory cytokines regulate the generation of new neurons in rodents, suggesting that altered expression of these signalling molecules in the brain, peripheral vasculature and cerebrospinal fluid in schizophrenia may impact adult neurogenesis in both the hippocampus and the SEZ. SUMMARY Knowledge about adult neurogenesis remains scant in schizophrenia. We propose that a more rigorous examination of adult neurogenesis in relation to regulatory signalling molecules will allow us to identify how abnormalities may contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
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Annette S, Peter F. Sixth Kraepelin Symposium-Understanding and Treating Cognitive Impairment and Depression in Schizophrenia and Affective Disorders. Schizophr Bull 2019; 45:509-511. [PMID: 30721994 PMCID: PMC6483566 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbz003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The Sixth Kraepelin Symposium was held at the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich in October 2018, covering reports from 12 working groups (Keith H. Nuechterlein, Ph.D., University of California, Los Angeles; Kim T. Mueser, Ph.D., Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Boston University, U.S.A.; Dominic Dwyer, Ph.D, Hospital LMU, Munich; David Fowler, Ph.D. University of Sussex, Brighton, U.K.; Martin Hautzinger, Ph.D., University of Tübingen; Nikolaos Koutsouleris, M.D., Hospital LMU, Munich; Stephan Leucht, M.D., Technical University Munich, Munich; David Miklowitz, Ph.D., UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles. U.S.A.; Cornelius Schüle, M.D., Hospital LMU, Munich; Florian Seemüller. M.D., kbo-Lech-Mangfall Clinics for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Garmisch Partenkirchen; Carla Torrent, Ph.D., Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.) from the United States and Europe on understanding and treating cognitive impairment and depression in schizophrenia and affective disorders. Current psychological interventions to improve outcome in schizophrenia and affective disorder such as cognitive remediation, illness management, psychoeducational and cognitive therapy were focused on, as were evidence-based psychological and pharmacological treatment options, guidelines for treating cognitive deficits and depression in schizophrenia, Cochrane-meta-analysis of acute therapies, relapse prevention as well as supported withdrawal from medication. Prevention of cognitive dysfunction and symptom exacerbation was approached in terms of machine learning methods to revisit Kraepelin's illness distinctions, application of new strategies in order to increase the rate of social recovery in patients with first-episode psychosis as well as in terms of state of the art psychosocial interventions for bipolar disorder in adolescents. Finally, the dissemination of information to consumers and the contribution to the reduction of stereotypes in psychiatry was also part of the symposiums aims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Schaub Annette
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- To whom correspondence should be addressed; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Nußbaumstr. 7, 80336 Munich, Germany; tel: +49-89440052779, fax: +49-89440054749, e-mail:
| | - Falkai Peter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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30
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Herbsleb M, Keller-Varady K, Wobrock T, Hasan A, Schmitt A, Falkai P, Gabriel HHW, Bär KJ, Malchow B. The Influence of Continuous Exercising on Chronotropic Incompetence in Multi-Episode Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:90. [PMID: 30918486 PMCID: PMC6424878 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
People with schizophrenia die on average 15-20 years earlier than age and gender matched controls in the general population. An essential part of this excess mortality in people with schizophrenia is caused by physical illnesses. Among the physical illnesses, cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been identified as the most common natural cause of death in up to 40-45% of the cases. Chronotropic incompetence (CI) is defined as the inability of the heart to increase its beating frequency in proportion to increased physical activity or higher metabolic demand. It is an established independent cardiovascular risk factor for major cardiac events and overall mortality and might explain adaptation intolerance of the cardiovascular system to even minor exercise courses. CI needs objective exercise testing for definitive diagnosis and therefore represents a biological marker indicating the integrity of the cardiovascular system. It was recently described in patients with schizophrenia and might help explain the reduced physical fitness in these patients and the inability of a subgroup of patients to benefit from exercise interventions. In this study, we tried to replicate the occurrence of CI in an independent sample of patients with schizophrenia and evaluated whether CI can be influenced by a continuous endurance training of 12 weeks. Therefore, we re-analyzed the fitness testing data of 43 patients with schizophrenia and 22 aged and gender matched healthy controls. Parameters of aerobic fitness and chronotropic response to exercise were calculated. Patients with schizophrenia were less physically fit than the healthy controls and displayed a significantly higher heart rate at rest. 10 of 43 patients with schizophrenia and no healthy control subject were classified as chronotropically incompetent. Chronotropic response to exercise did not change significantly after 12 weeks of continuous aerobic exercise training. No differences were observed for baseline heart rate and peak heart rate in both subgroups of schizophrenia patients. Aerobic fitness did not improve significantly in the patients with schizophrenia classified as chronotropically incompetent. Our results confirm the occurrence of CI in patients with multi-episode schizophrenia. This should be taken into account when planning an exercise or lifestyle intervention studies in this population. Schizophrenia patients with CI do not seem to benefit as well as schizophrenia patients without CI from aerobic exercise training interventions. Larger, prospective randomized controlled clinical trials with different training interventions are urgently needed to address the topic of schizophrenia patients not responding to exercise and the relationship to the illness itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Herbsleb
- Psychiatric Brain and Body Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany.,Department of Sports Medicine and Health Promotion, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Wobrock
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, County Hospitals Darmstadt-Dieburg, Groß-Umstadt, Germany
| | - Alkomiet Hasan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Schmitt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital LMU, Munich, Germany.,Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27), Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Peter Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital LMU, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Karl-Jürgen Bär
- Psychiatric Brain and Body Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Berend Malchow
- Psychiatric Brain and Body Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
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31
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Russo P, Prinzi G, Proietti S, Lamonaca P, Frustaci A, Boccia S, Amore R, Lorenzi M, Onder G, Marzetti E, Valdiglesias V, Guadagni F, Valente MG, Cascio GL, Fraietta S, Ducci G, Bonassi S. Shorter telomere length in schizophrenia: Evidence from a real-world population and meta-analysis of most recent literature. Schizophr Res 2018; 202:37-45. [PMID: 30001973 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe, chronic mental disorder. Schizophrenia is visualized as an accelerated cellular aging syndrome characterized by early onset of cardiovascular disease causing premature mortality. In human aging involves alterations in telomere length (TL). To investigate the presence of TL shortening in schizophrenia and psychiatric syndromes associated, this condition was studied in leukocytes (LTL) of a sample of patients suffering from schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, and compared with a group of non-psychiatric controls. We explored the relationship between LTL and age, gender, and smoking habit with the aim to control whether these potential confounding factors may influence the rate of telomeres shortening. We also performed a new comprehensive meta-analysis including studies on LTL in schizophrenia patients compared to healthy subjects published in the last two years and the results of the present study. Our results suggest that a diagnosis of schizophrenia, more than gender, age, cigarette smoking or alcohol drinking, is the most important condition responsible of the LTL shortening. A strong LTL shortening was observed in patients affected by schizophrenia, Schizoaffective disorder, and Psychosis not otherwise specified when they were younger than 50 years, while in the group of older subjects no major differences were observed. Additional evidence supporting the causal link of schizophrenia with accelerated telomeres shortening came from the analysis of the updated meta-analysis. The availability of a personalized profile of mechanistic pathways, risk factors, and clinical features may pose the basis for a rehabilitative treatment addressing individual needs of the psychiatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Russo
- Unit of Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166, RM, Italy
| | - Giulia Prinzi
- Unit of Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166, RM, Italy
| | - Stefania Proietti
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166, RM, Italy
| | - Palma Lamonaca
- Unit of Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166, RM, Italy
| | - Alessandra Frustaci
- Specialist Services-Eating Disorders, Barnet and Enfield and Haringey Mental Health NHS Trust, St. Ann's Hospitals, St. Ann's Road, N15 3TH, London, UK
| | - Stefania Boccia
- Section of Hygiene-Institute of Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, 00168, RM, Italy
| | - Rosarita Amore
- Section of Hygiene-Institute of Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, 00168, RM, Italy
| | - Maria Lorenzi
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, 00168, RM, Italy
| | - Graziano Onder
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, 00168, RM, Italy
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, 00168, RM, Italy
| | - Vanessa Valdiglesias
- DICOMOSA Group, Department of Psychology, Universidade de A Coruña, Campus Elviña, s/n -15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Fiorella Guadagni
- Interinstitutional Multidisciplinary Biobank (BioBIM), IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166, RM, Italy; San Raffaele University, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166, RM, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Valente
- Interinstitutional Multidisciplinary Biobank (BioBIM), IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166, RM, Italy
| | - Gerland Lo Cascio
- San Raffaele Montecompatri, Via San Silvestro 67, 00077 Montecompatri, RM, Italy
| | - Sara Fraietta
- Mental Health Department, ASL Roma 1, Piazza Santa Maria della Pietà 5, RM, 00135, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ducci
- Mental Health Department, ASL Roma 1, Piazza Santa Maria della Pietà 5, RM, 00135, Italy
| | - Stefano Bonassi
- Unit of Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166, RM, Italy; San Raffaele University, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166, RM, Italy.
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32
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Sheffield JM, Karcher NR, Barch DM. Cognitive Deficits in Psychotic Disorders: A Lifespan Perspective. Neuropsychol Rev 2018; 28:509-533. [PMID: 30343458 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-018-9388-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with disorders that include psychotic symptoms (i.e. psychotic disorders) experience broad cognitive impairments in the chronic state, indicating a dimension of abnormality associated with the experience of psychosis. These impairments negatively impact functional outcome, contributing to the disabling nature of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and psychotic depression. The robust and reliable nature of cognitive deficits has led researchers to explore the timing and profile of impairments, as this may elucidate different neurodevelopmental patterns in individuals who experience psychosis. Here, we review the literature on cognitive deficits across the life span of individuals with psychotic disorder and psychotic-like experiences, highlighting the dimensional nature of both psychosis and cognitive ability. We identify premorbid generalized cognitive impairment in schizophrenia that worsens throughout development, and stabilizes by the first-episode of psychosis, suggesting a neurodevelopmental course. Research in affective psychosis is less clear, with mixed evidence regarding premorbid deficits, but a fairly reliable generalized deficit at first-episode, which appears to worsen into the chronic state. In general, cognitive impairments are most severe in schizophrenia, intermediate in bipolar disorder, and the least severe in psychotic depression. In all groups, cognitive deficits are associated with poorer functional outcome. Finally, while the generalized deficit is the clearest and most reliable signal, data suggests specific deficits in verbal memory across all groups, specific processing speed impairments in schizophrenia and executive functioning impairments in bipolar disorder. Cognitive deficits are a core feature of psychotic disorders that provide a window into understanding developmental course and risk for psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Sheffield
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1601 23rd Ave S, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA.
| | - Nicole R Karcher
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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33
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Herbsleb M, Schumann A, Malchow B, Puta C, Schulze PC, Gabriel HW, Bär KJ. Chronotropic incompetence of the heart is associated with exercise intolerance in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2018. [PMID: 29526454 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The elevated cardiovascular risk of patients with schizophrenia contributes to a reduced life expectancy of 15-20years. This study investigated whether cardiac autonomic dysfunction (CADF) in schizophrenia is related to chronotropic incompetence, an established cardiovascular risk marker. We investigated thirty-two patients suffering from paranoid schizophrenia and thirty-two control subjects matched for age, sex, body mass index and fat free mass. A cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) was performed to study heart rate responses to exercise as well as submaximal (ventilatory threshold 1, VT1) and maximal endurance capacities (peak oxygen consumption, VO2peak; peak power output, Ppeak). In addition, epinephrine and norepinephrine levels were assessed in a subset of patients. Fitness parameters were significantly reduced in all patients. Most investigated physiological parameters were significantly different at rest as well as during peak exercise being in line with previously described CADF in schizophrenia. In particular, 14 out of 32 patients were classified as chronotropically incompetent whereas no control subject was below the cut-off value. In addition, a positive correlation of a slope reflecting chronotropic incompetence with peak oxygen uptake (p<0.001) was observed in patients only indicating a close correlation to the lack of physical fitness. The catecholamine increase was reduced in patients after exercise. This study identified a novel cardiac risk factor in patients with schizophrenia. Moreover, it seems to be associated with reduced physical fitness and indicates targets for exercise intervention studies. Future studies are warranted to elucidate pathophysiological mechanisms of this cardiac condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Herbsleb
- Department of Sports Medicine and Health Promotion, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Germany
| | - Andy Schumann
- Psychiatric Brain and Body Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Jena, Germany
| | - Berend Malchow
- Psychiatric Brain and Body Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Puta
- Department of Sports Medicine and Health Promotion, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Germany
| | - P Christian Schulze
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Holger W Gabriel
- Department of Sports Medicine and Health Promotion, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Germany
| | - Karl-Jürgen Bär
- Psychiatric Brain and Body Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Jena, Germany.
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34
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Ma K, Shi C. Research Status and Strategies for Cognitive Function in Schizophrenia. SHANGHAI ARCHIVES OF PSYCHIATRY 2018; 30:199-201. [PMID: 30858671 PMCID: PMC6410401 DOI: 10.11919/j.issn.1002-0829.218008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ma
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan Shi
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China
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35
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Hidese S, Matsuo J, Ishida I, Hiraishi M, Teraishi T, Ota M, Hattori K, Kunugi H. Relationship of Handgrip Strength and Body Mass Index With Cognitive Function in Patients With Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:156. [PMID: 29743873 PMCID: PMC5930849 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The relationship between muscle strength and cognition in schizophrenia has not been well studied. We investigated the potential relationship of handgrip strength (HGS) score and body mass index (BMI) with cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: Participants included 153 patients with schizophrenia (age: 36.9 ± 9.4 years; 82 males) and 328 healthy controls (age: 36.4 ± 10.7 years; 150 males), matched for age, sex, and ethnicity (Japanese). HGS was measured using a digital handgrip dynamometer. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) test. A two-way multivariate analysis of covariance was used to compare HGS scores between the patient and control groups. Multiple regression analyses of BACS scores were performed in the patient and control groups using HGS and BMI scores as independent variables. Results: In the intergroup comparison, significantly lower HGS scores were observed in patients with schizophrenia than in healthy controls (p < 0.05, corrected). In the patient group, there was a significantly positive correlation between HGS scores and BACS composite score (male, p = 0.0014; female, p = 0.0051). However, BMI scores were significantly negatively correlated with the BACS composite score (male, p = 0.0022; female, p = 0.018). Furthermore, the ratio of HGS/BMI was significantly positively correlated with the BACS composite score in the patient group (p = 0.00000018). Conclusions: Cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia is correlated positively with HGS and negatively with BMI. HGS/BMI may thus be a good index for cognitive performance in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Hidese
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Neuroscience, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Cognitive and Behavioral Medicine, Department of National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Brain Physiology and Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Matsuo
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Neuroscience, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikki Ishida
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Neuroscience, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Moeko Hiraishi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Neuroscience, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiya Teraishi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Neuroscience, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miho Ota
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Neuroscience, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kotaro Hattori
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Neuroscience, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kunugi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Neuroscience, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Cognitive and Behavioral Medicine, Department of National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Brain Physiology and Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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