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Chagnon-Lafortune A, Duchesne É, Legagneux P, McKinnon L, Reneerkens J, Casajus N, Abraham KF, Bolduc É, Brown GS, Brown SC, Gates HR, Gilg O, Giroux MA, Gurney K, Kendall S, Kwon E, Lanctot RB, Lank DB, Lecomte N, Leung M, Liebezeit JR, Morrison RIG, Nol E, Payer DC, Reid D, Ruthrauff D, Saalfeld ST, Sandercock BK, Smith PA, Schmidt NM, Tulp I, Ward DH, Høye TT, Berteaux D, Bêty J. A circumpolar study unveils a positive non-linear effect of temperature on arctic arthropod availability that may reduce the risk of warming-induced trophic mismatch for breeding shorebirds. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17356. [PMID: 38853470 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Seasonally abundant arthropods are a crucial food source for many migratory birds that breed in the Arctic. In cold environments, the growth and emergence of arthropods are particularly tied to temperature. Thus, the phenology of arthropods is anticipated to undergo a rapid change in response to a warming climate, potentially leading to a trophic mismatch between migratory insectivorous birds and their prey. Using data from 19 sites spanning a wide temperature gradient from the Subarctic to the High Arctic, we investigated the effects of temperature on the phenology and biomass of arthropods available to shorebirds during their short breeding season at high latitudes. We hypothesized that prolonged exposure to warmer summer temperatures would generate earlier peaks in arthropod biomass, as well as higher peak and seasonal biomass. Across the temperature gradient encompassed by our study sites (>10°C in average summer temperatures), we found a 3-day shift in average peak date for every increment of 80 cumulative thawing degree-days. Interestingly, we found a linear relationship between temperature and arthropod biomass only below temperature thresholds. Higher temperatures were associated with higher peak and seasonal biomass below 106 and 177 cumulative thawing degree-days, respectively, between June 5 and July 15. Beyond these thresholds, no relationship was observed between temperature and arthropod biomass. Our results suggest that prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures can positively influence prey availability for some arctic birds. This positive effect could, in part, stem from changes in arthropod assemblages and may reduce the risk of trophic mismatch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Chagnon-Lafortune
- Chaire de Recherche du Canada en Biodiversité Nordique, Département de Biologie, and Centre d'études Nordiques, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada
| | - Éliane Duchesne
- Chaire de Recherche du Canada en Biodiversité Nordique, Département de Biologie, and Centre d'études Nordiques, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada
| | - Pierre Legagneux
- Département de Biologie, Chaire de Recherche Sentinelle Nord Sur l'impact des Migrations Animales Sur les Écosystèmes Nordiques et Centre d'études Nordiques, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- CNRS- Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372, Beauvoir-sur-Niort, France
| | - Laura McKinnon
- Department of Multidisciplinary Studies and Graduate Program in Biology, York University, Glendon Campus, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeroen Reneerkens
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolas Casajus
- Chaire de Recherche du Canada en Biodiversité Nordique, Département de Biologie, and Centre d'études Nordiques, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada
| | - Kenneth F Abraham
- Wildlife Research and Monitoring Section, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Élise Bolduc
- Chaire de Recherche du Canada en Biodiversité Nordique, Département de Biologie, and Centre d'études Nordiques, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada
| | - Glen S Brown
- Wildlife Research and Monitoring Section, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - H River Gates
- Manomet, Shorebird Recovery Program, Plymouth, Massachusetts, USA
- Migratory Bird Management, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Anchorage, Alaska, USA
| | - Olivier Gilg
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249 CNRS-UFC, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Arctique, Francheville, France
| | - Marie-Andrée Giroux
- K.-C.-Irving Research Chair in Environmental Sciences and Sustainable Development, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Kirsty Gurney
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
| | - Steve Kendall
- Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
| | - Eunbi Kwon
- Department of Behavioural Ecology & Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany
| | - Richard B Lanctot
- Migratory Bird Management, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Anchorage, Alaska, USA
| | - David B Lank
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nicolas Lecomte
- Canada Research Chair in Polar and Boreal Ecology, Centre d'études Nordiques, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Maria Leung
- Wild Tracks Ecological Consulting, Whitehorse, Yukon, Canada
| | | | - R I Guy Morrison
- National Wildlife Research Centre, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erica Nol
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - David C Payer
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
| | - Donald Reid
- Wildlife Conservation Society Canada, Whitehorse, Yukon, Canada
| | - Daniel Ruthrauff
- Alaska Science Center, US Geological Survey, Anchorage, Alaska, USA
| | - Sarah T Saalfeld
- Migratory Bird Management, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Anchorage, Alaska, USA
| | - Brett K Sandercock
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Paul A Smith
- Wildlife Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Niels Martin Schmidt
- Department of Ecoscience and Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Ingrid Tulp
- Wageningen Marine Research, Wageningen University & Research, IJmuiden, The Netherlands
| | - David H Ward
- Alaska Science Center, US Geological Survey, Anchorage, Alaska, USA
| | - Toke T Høye
- Department of Ecoscience and Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dominique Berteaux
- Chaire de Recherche du Canada en Biodiversité Nordique, Département de Biologie, and Centre d'études Nordiques, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada
| | - Joël Bêty
- Chaire de Recherche du Canada en Biodiversité Nordique, Département de Biologie, and Centre d'études Nordiques, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada
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2
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Sepúlveda Y, Nicholls E, Schuett W, Goulson D. Heatwave-like events affect drone production and brood-care behaviour in bumblebees. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17135. [PMID: 38529302 PMCID: PMC10962346 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate change is currently considered one of the major threats to biodiversity and is associated with an increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, such as heatwaves. Heatwaves create acutely stressful conditions that may lead to disruption in the performance and survival of ecologically and economically important organisms, such as insect pollinators. In this study, we investigated the impact of simulated heatwaves on the performance of queenless microcolonies of Bombus terrestris audax under laboratory conditions. Our results indicate that heatwaves can have significant impacts on bumblebee performance. However, contrary to our expectations, exposure to heatwaves did not affect survival. Exposure to a mild 5-day heatwave (30-32 °C) resulted in increased offspring production compared to those exposed to an extreme heatwave (34-36 °C) and to the control group (24 °C). We also found that brood-care behaviours were impacted by the magnitude of the heatwave. Wing fanning occurred occasionally at temperatures of 30-32 °C, whereas at 34-36 °C the proportion of workers engaged in this thermoregulatory behaviour increased significantly. Our results provide insights into the effects of heatwaves on bumblebee colony performance and underscore the use of microcolonies as a valuable tool for studying the effects of extreme weather events. Future research, especially field-based studies replicating natural foraging conditions, is crucial to complement laboratory-based studies to comprehend how heatwaves compromise the performance of pollinators. Such studies may potentially help to identify those species more resilient to climate change, as well as those that are most vulnerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanet Sepúlveda
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Nicholls
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Wiebke Schuett
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Dave Goulson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom
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3
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Botsch JC, Zaveri AN, Nell LA, McCormick AR, Book KR, Phillips JS, Einarsson Á, Ives AR. Disentangling the drivers of decadal body size decline in an insect population. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17014. [PMID: 37943090 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
While climate warming is widely predicted to reduce body size of ectotherms, evidence for this trend is mixed. Body size depends not only on temperature but also on other factors, such as food quality and intraspecific competition. Because temperature trends or other long-term environmental factors may affect population size and food sources, attributing trends in average body size to temperature requires the separation of potentially confounding effects. We evaluated trends in the body size of the midge Tanytarsus gracilentus and potential drivers (water temperature, population size, and food quality) between 1977 and 2015 at Lake Mývatn, Iceland. Although temperatures increased at Mývatn over this period, there was only a slight (non-significant) decrease in midge adult body size, contrary to theoretical expectations. Using a state-space model including multiple predictors, body size was negatively associated with both water temperature and midge population abundance, and it was positively associated with 13 C enrichment of midges (an indicator of favorable food conditions). The magnitude of these effects were similar, such that simultaneous changes in temperature, abundance, and carbon stable isotopic signature could counteract each other in the long-term body size trend. Our results illustrate how multiple factors, all of which could be influenced by global change, interact to affect average ectotherm body size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamieson C Botsch
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Aayush N Zaveri
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Lucas A Nell
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Amanda R McCormick
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - K Riley Book
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Joseph S Phillips
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Árni Einarsson
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Mývatn Research Station, Skútustaðir, Iceland
| | - Anthony R Ives
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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4
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Moradinour Z, Wiklund C, Miettinen A, Gérard M, Baird E. Exposure to elevated temperature during development affects eclosion and morphology in the temperate Pieris napi butterfly (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). J Therm Biol 2023; 118:103721. [PMID: 38016229 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Global warming has been identified as one of the main drivers of population decline in insect pollinators. One aspect of the insect life cycle that would be particularly sensitive to elevated temperatures is the developmental transition from larva to adult. Temperature-induced modifications to the development of body parts and sensory organs likely have functional consequences for adult behaviour. To date, we have little knowledge about the effect of sub-optimal temperature on the development and functional morphology of different body parts, particularly sensory organs, in ectothermic solitary pollinators such as butterflies. To address this knowledge gap, we exposed the pupae of the butterfly Pieris napi to either 23 °C or 32 °C and measured the subsequent effects on eclosion, body size and the development of the wings, proboscis, eyes and antennae. In comparison to individuals that developed at 23 °C, we found that exposure to 32 °C during the pupal stage increased mortality and decreased time to eclose. Furthermore, both female and male butterflies that developed at 32 °C were smaller and had shorter proboscides, while males had shorter antennae. In contrast, we found no significant effect of rearing temperature on wing and eye size or wing deformity. Our findings suggest that increasing global temperatures and its corresponding co-stressors, such as humidity, will impact the survival of butterflies by impairing eclosion and the proper development of body and sensory organs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arttu Miettinen
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland; Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5234, Villigen, Switzerland; Department of Physics, University of Jyvaskyla, 40014, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Maxence Gérard
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emily Baird
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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5
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Versluijs TSL, Zhemchuzhnikov MK, Kutcherov D, Roslin T, Martin Schmidt N, van Gils JA, Reneerkens J. Site-specific length-biomass relationships of arctic arthropod families are critical for accurate ecological inferences. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15943. [PMID: 37692121 PMCID: PMC10492534 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Arthropods play a crucial role in terrestrial ecosystems, for instance in mediating energy fluxes and in forming the food base for many organisms. To better understand their functional role in such ecosystem processes, monitoring of trends in arthropod biomass is essential. Obtaining direct measurements of the body mass of individual specimens is laborious. Therefore, these data are often indirectly acquired by utilizing allometric length-biomass relationships based on a correlative parameter, such as body length. Previous studies have often used such relationships with a low taxonomic resolution and/or small sample size and/or adopted regressions calibrated in different biomes. Despite the scientific interest in the ecology of arctic arthropods, no site-specific family-level length-biomass relationships have hitherto been published. Here we present 27 family-specific length-biomass relationships from two sites in the High Arctic: Zackenberg in northeast Greenland and Knipovich in north Taimyr, Russia. We show that length-biomass regressions from different sites within the same biome did not affect estimates of phenology but did result in substantially different estimates of arthropod biomass. Estimates of daily biomass at Zackenberg were on average 24% higher when calculated using regressions for Knipovich compared to using regressions for Zackenberg. In addition, calculations of daily arthropod biomass at Zackenberg based on order-level regressions from frequently cited studies in literature revealed overestimations of arthropod biomass ranging from 69.7% to 130% compared to estimates based on regressions for Zackenberg. Our results illustrate that the use of allometric relationships from different sites can significantly alter the biological interpretation of, for instance, the interaction between insectivorous birds and their arthropod prey. We conclude that length-biomass relationships should be locally established rather than being based on global relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom S. L. Versluijs
- Department of Coastal Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Den Burg, Texel, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mikhail K. Zhemchuzhnikov
- Department of Coastal Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Den Burg, Texel, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dmitry Kutcherov
- Department of Entomology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tomas Roslin
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Niels Martin Schmidt
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
- Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jan A. van Gils
- Department of Coastal Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Den Burg, Texel, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Reneerkens
- Department of Coastal Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Den Burg, Texel, The Netherlands
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6
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Franke S, Pinkert S, Brandl R, Thorn S. Modeling the extinction risk of European butterflies and odonates. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9465. [PMID: 36381396 PMCID: PMC9643075 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect populations have become increasingly threatened during the last decades due to climate change and landuse intensification. Species characteristics driving these threats remain poorly understood. Trait-based analyses provide a straight-forward approach to gain a mechanistic understanding of species' extinction risk, guiding the development of conservation strategies. We combined morphological traits and phylogenetic relationship for 332 European species of butterflies and 115 species of odonates (dragon and damselflies) to model their red list status via phylogenetically controlled ordered logistic regression. We hypothesized that extinction risk increases with increasing body volume and wing area, decreasing range size, and is larger for brighter species. All investigated traits exhibited a strong phylogenetic signal. When controlling for phylogenetic relationship, we found that extinction risk of butterflies increased with decreasing range size. The extinction risk of odonates showed no relationship with the selected traits. Our results show that there is no universal trait defining the extinction risk of our investigated insect taxa. Furthermore, evolutionary history, measured as the phylogenetically predicted part of our analyzed traits, poorly predicted extinction risk. Our study confirms the focus of conservation measures on European butterfly species with small range sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Franke
- Department of Animal Ecology, Faculty of BiologyPhilipps‐Universität MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Stefan Pinkert
- Department of Conservation Ecology, Faculty of BiologyPhilipps‐Universität MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Roland Brandl
- Department of Animal Ecology, Faculty of BiologyPhilipps‐Universität MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Simon Thorn
- Hessian Agency for Nature Conservation, Environment and GeologyState Institute for the Protection of BirdsGießenGermany
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7
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Wilson RJ, Siqueira AF, Brooks SJ, Price BW, Simon LM, Walt SJ, Fenberg PB. Applying computer vision to digitised natural history collections for climate change research: Temperature‐size responses in British butterflies. Methods Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J. Wilson
- School of Ocean and Earth Sciences University of Southampton Southampton UK
- Department of Life Sciences Natural History Museum London UK
| | | | | | | | - Lea M. Simon
- School of Ocean and Earth Sciences University of Southampton Southampton UK
| | - Stéfan J. Walt
- Berkeley Institute for Data Science University of California Berkeley CA USA
| | - Phillip B. Fenberg
- School of Ocean and Earth Sciences University of Southampton Southampton UK
- Department of Life Sciences Natural History Museum London UK
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8
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Morphological variability of Argynnis paphia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) across different environmental conditions in eastern Slovakia. Biologia (Bratisl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-021-00771-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Hill GM, Kawahara AY, Daniels JC, Bateman CC, Scheffers BR. Climate change effects on animal ecology: butterflies and moths as a case study. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:2113-2126. [PMID: 34056827 PMCID: PMC8518917 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) are one of the most studied, diverse, and widespread animal groups, making them an ideal model for climate change research. They are a particularly informative model for studying the effects of climate change on species ecology because they are ectotherms that thermoregulate with a suite of physiological, behavioural, and phenotypic traits. While some species have been negatively impacted by climatic disturbances, others have prospered, largely in accordance with their diversity in life-history traits. Here we take advantage of a large repertoire of studies on butterflies and moths to provide a review of the many ways in which climate change is impacting insects, animals, and ecosystems. By studying these climate-based impacts on ecological processes of Lepidoptera, we propose appropriate strategies for species conservation and habitat management broadly across animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geena M. Hill
- Florida Natural Areas InventoryFlorida State University1018 Thomasville Rd., #200‐CTallahasseeFL323303U.S.A.
| | - Akito Y. Kawahara
- Florida Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of Florida3215 Hull RdGainesvilleFL32611U.S.A.
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Florida876 Newell Dr.GainesvilleFL32611U.S.A.
| | - Jaret C. Daniels
- Florida Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of Florida3215 Hull RdGainesvilleFL32611U.S.A.
- Department of Entomology and NematologyUniversity of Florida1881 Natural Area Dr.GainesvilleFL32608U.S.A.
| | - Craig C. Bateman
- Florida Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of Florida3215 Hull RdGainesvilleFL32611U.S.A.
| | - Brett R. Scheffers
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and ConservationUniversity of Florida110 Newins‐Ziegler Hall, P.O. Box 110430GainesvilleFL32611U.S.A.
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10
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Zaragoza-Trello C, Vilà M, Bartomeus I. Interaction between warming and landscape foraging resource availability on solitary bee reproduction. J Anim Ecol 2021; 90:2536-2546. [PMID: 34143425 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Solitary bees comprise around 90% of bee species, playing an essential role in both wild and crop plant pollination. Bee populations are jeopardized by different global change pressures such as climate change and landscape transformation. However, the interactive effects of global change components have been little explored, especially for solitary bees. We conducted a factorial experiment using artificial nest-traps to analyse the combined effect of climate warming and landscape transformation on Osmia bicornis reproduction and offspring body size. The number of bee cocoons increased with temperature and flower abundance in the landscape. However, the sex ratio was biased towards males with warming, especially at low flower abundances. Male body size increased with temperature. Conversely, female body sizes showed strong interactive responses, increasing in size with high flower abundance in the landscape, but only at low temperatures. The abortion rate of larvae and parasitization were not significantly affected by neither flower abundance nor temperature. Because the body size of females in O. bicornis is key for the next generation's progeny success, our results indicate that the simultaneous exposure to a shortage of floral resources and high temperatures may have adverse direct fitness effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Montserrat Vilà
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Sevilla, Spain.,Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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11
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Robinson SI, Mikola J, Ovaskainen O, O'Gorman EJ. Temperature effects on the temporal dynamics of a subarctic invertebrate community. J Anim Ecol 2021; 90:1217-1227. [PMID: 33625727 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Climate warming is predicted to have major impacts on the structure of terrestrial communities, particularly in high latitude ecosystems where growing seasons are short. Higher temperatures may dampen seasonal dynamics in community composition as a consequence of earlier snowmelt, with potentially cascading effects across all levels of biological organisation. Here, we examined changes in community assembly and structure along a natural soil temperature gradient in the Hengill geothermal valley, Iceland, during the summer of 2015. Sample collection over several time points within a season allowed us to assess whether temperature alters temporal variance in terrestrial communities and compositional turnover. We found that seasonal fluctuations in species richness, diversity and evenness were dampened as soil temperature increased, whereas invertebrate biomass varied more. Body mass was found to be a good predictor of species occurrence, with smaller species found at higher soil temperatures and emerging earlier in the season. Our results provide more in-depth understanding of the temporal nature of community and population-level responses to temperature, and indicate that climate warming will likely dampen the seasonal turnover of community structure that is characteristic of high latitude invertebrate communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinikka I Robinson
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Juha Mikola
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Otso Ovaskainen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eoin J O'Gorman
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
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12
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Høye TT, Loboda S, Koltz AM, Gillespie MAK, Bowden JJ, Schmidt NM. Nonlinear trends in abundance and diversity and complex responses to climate change in Arctic arthropods. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2002557117. [PMID: 33431570 PMCID: PMC7812779 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2002557117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Time series data on arthropod populations are critical for understanding the magnitude, direction, and drivers of change. However, most arthropod monitoring programs are short-lived and restricted in taxonomic resolution. Monitoring data from the Arctic are especially underrepresented, yet critical to uncovering and understanding some of the earliest biological responses to rapid environmental change. Clear imprints of climate on the behavior and life history of some Arctic arthropods have been demonstrated, but a synthesis of population-level abundance changes across taxa is lacking. We utilized 24 y of abundance data from Zackenberg in High-Arctic Greenland to assess trends in abundance and diversity and identify potential climatic drivers of abundance changes. Unlike findings from temperate systems, we found a nonlinear pattern, with total arthropod abundance gradually declining during 1996 to 2014, followed by a sharp increase. Family-level diversity showed the opposite pattern, suggesting increasing dominance of a small number of taxa. Total abundance masked more complicated trajectories of family-level abundance, which also frequently varied among habitats. Contrary to expectation in this extreme polar environment, winter and fall conditions and positive density-dependent feedbacks were more common determinants of arthropod dynamics than summer temperature. Together, these data highlight the complexity of characterizing climate change responses even in relatively simple Arctic food webs. Our results underscore the need for data reporting beyond overall trends in biomass or abundance and for including basic research on life history and ecology to achieve a more nuanced understanding of the sensitivity of Arctic and other arthropods to global changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toke T Høye
- Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, DK-8410 Rønde, Denmark;
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, DK-8410 Rønde, Denmark
| | - Sarah Loboda
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Amanda M Koltz
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
- The Arctic Institute, Washington, DC 20009
| | - Mark A K Gillespie
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, 6851 Sogndal, Norway
| | - Joseph J Bowden
- Atlantic Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Corner Brook, NL A2H 5G4, Canada
| | - Niels M Schmidt
- Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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Kankaanpää T, Vesterinen E, Hardwick B, Schmidt NM, Andersson T, Aspholm PE, Barrio IC, Beckers N, Bêty J, Birkemoe T, DeSiervo M, Drotos KHI, Ehrich D, Gilg O, Gilg V, Hein N, Høye TT, Jakobsen KM, Jodouin C, Jorna J, Kozlov MV, Kresse J, Leandri‐Breton D, Lecomte N, Loonen M, Marr P, Monckton SK, Olsen M, Otis J, Pyle M, Roos RE, Raundrup K, Rozhkova D, Sabard B, Sokolov A, Sokolova N, Solecki AM, Urbanowicz C, Villeneuve C, Vyguzova E, Zverev V, Roslin T. Parasitoids indicate major climate-induced shifts in arctic communities. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:6276-6295. [PMID: 32914511 PMCID: PMC7692897 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Climatic impacts are especially pronounced in the Arctic, which as a region is warming twice as fast as the rest of the globe. Here, we investigate how mean climatic conditions and rates of climatic change impact parasitoid insect communities in 16 localities across the Arctic. We focus on parasitoids in a widespread habitat, Dryas heathlands, and describe parasitoid community composition in terms of larval host use (i.e., parasitoid use of herbivorous Lepidoptera vs. pollinating Diptera) and functional groups differing in their closeness of host associations (koinobionts vs. idiobionts). Of the latter, we expect idiobionts-as being less fine-tuned to host development-to be generally less tolerant to cold temperatures, since they are confined to attacking hosts pupating and overwintering in relatively exposed locations. To further test our findings, we assess whether similar climatic variables are associated with host abundances in a 22 year time series from Northeast Greenland. We find sites which have experienced a temperature rise in summer while retaining cold winters to be dominated by parasitoids of Lepidoptera, with the reverse being true for the parasitoids of Diptera. The rate of summer temperature rise is further associated with higher levels of herbivory, suggesting higher availability of lepidopteran hosts and changes in ecosystem functioning. We also detect a matching signal over time, as higher summer temperatures, coupled with cold early winter soils, are related to high herbivory by lepidopteran larvae, and to declines in the abundance of dipteran pollinators. Collectively, our results suggest that in parts of the warming Arctic, Dryas is being simultaneously exposed to increased herbivory and reduced pollination. Our findings point to potential drastic and rapid consequences of climate change on multitrophic-level community structure and on ecosystem functioning and highlight the value of collaborative, systematic sampling effort.
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Høye TT. Arthropods and climate change - arctic challenges and opportunities. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2020; 41:40-45. [PMID: 32674064 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The harsh climate, limited human infrastructures, and basic autecological knowledge gaps represent substantial challenges for studying arthropods in the Arctic. At the same time, rapid climate change, low species diversity, and strong collaborative networks provide unique and underexploited Arctic opportunities for understanding species responses to environmental change and testing ecological theory. Here, I provide an overview of individual, population, and ecosystem level responses to climate change in Arctic arthropods. I focus on thermal performance, life history variation, population dynamics, community composition, diversity, and biotic interactions. The species-poor Arctic represents a unique opportunity for testing novel, automated arthropod monitoring methods. The Arctic can also potentially provide insights to further understand and mitigate the effects of climate change on arthropods worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toke T Høye
- Department of Bioscience and Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Grenåvej 14, DK-8410 Rønde, Denmark.
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15
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Høye TT, Kresse JC, Koltz AM, Bowden JJ. Earlier springs enable high-Arctic wolf spiders to produce a second clutch. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20200982. [PMID: 32576114 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.0982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spiders at southern latitudes commonly produce multiple clutches, but this has not been observed at high latitudes where activity seasons are much shorter. Yet the timing of snowmelt is advancing in the Arctic, which may allow some species to produce an additional clutch. To determine if this is already happening, we used specimens of the wolf spider Pardosa glacialis caught by pitfall traps from the long-term (1996-2014) monitoring programme at Zackenberg, NE Greenland. We dissected individual egg sacs and counted the number of eggs and partially developed juveniles, and measured carapace width of the mothers. Upon the discovery of a bimodal frequency distribution of clutch sizes, as is typical for wolf spiders at lower latitudes producing a second clutch, we assigned egg sacs to being a first or second clutch depending on clutch size. We tested whether the median capture date differed among first and second clutches, whether clutch size was correlated to female size, and whether the proportion of second clutches produced within a season was related to climate. We found that assigned second clutches appeared significantly later in the season than first clutches. In years with earlier snowmelt, first clutches occurred earlier and the proportion of second clutches produced was larger. Likely, females produce their first clutch earlier in those years which allow them time to produce another clutch. Clutch size for first clutches was correlated to female size, while this was not the case for second clutches. Our results provide the first evidence for Arctic invertebrates producing additional clutches in response to warming. This could be a common but overlooked phenomenon due to the challenges associated with long-term collection of life-history data in the Arctic. Moreover, given that wolf spiders are a widely distributed, important tundra predator, we may expect to see population and food web consequences of their increased reproductive rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toke T Høye
- Arctic Research Centre and Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Grenåvej 14, DK-8410 Rønde, Denmark
| | - Jean-Claude Kresse
- Arctic Research Centre and Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Grenåvej 14, DK-8410 Rønde, Denmark
| | - Amanda M Koltz
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St Louis, Box 1137, St Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Joseph J Bowden
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service - Atlantic Forestry Centre, 26 University Drive, PO Box 960, Corner Brook, NL, Canada A2H 6J3.,School of Science and the Environment, Memorial University - Grenfell Campus, 20 University Dr., Corner Brook, NL, Canada A2H 6J3
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16
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Olsen K, Holm TE, Pape T, Simonsen TJ. Natural history museum collection and citizen science data show advancing phenology of Danish hoverflies (Insecta: Diptera, Syrphidae) with increasing annual temperature. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232980. [PMID: 32401772 PMCID: PMC7219768 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We explore the phenological response by Danish hoverflies (Syrphidae) to continually rising annual temperatures by analysing >50.000 natural history collection and citizen science records for 37 species collected between 1900 and 2018, a period during which the annual average temperature in Denmark rose significantly (p << 0.01). We perform a simple linear regression analysis of the 10th percentile observation date for each species against year of observation. Fourteen of the species showed a statistically significant (p < 0.05) negative correlation between 10th percentile date and year of observation, indicating earlier emergence as a likely response to climatic warming. Eighteen species showed a non-significant (p ≥ 0.05) negative correlation between 10th percentile date and year of observation, while four species showed a non-significant (p ≥ 0.05) positive correlation, and one showed neither a positive nor a negative correlation. We explore the possible impact of the length of the data series on the regression analysis by dividing the species into four groups depending on how far back in time we have data: ultra-short series (with data from 2003–2018); short series (data from 1998–2018); medium series (data from 1980–2018); long series (data from 2018 to before 1980). The length of the series seems to have an effect on the results as 60% of the long series species (nine out of 15) showed a statistically significant negative correlation, while for the shorter series species less than 35% showed a statistically significant negative correlation. When we reduced the long series in length to short series, the proportion of statistically significant negative correlations fell to 33%, confirming this assumption. We conclude that northern temperate hoverflies generally react to the ongoing climatic warming by emerging earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent Olsen
- Natural History Museum Aarhus, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Thomas Pape
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Koltz AM, Wright JP. Impacts of female body size on cannibalism and juvenile abundance in a dominant arctic spider. J Anim Ecol 2020; 89:1788-1798. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M. Koltz
- Department of Biology Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO USA
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18
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Riva F, Gentile G, Bonelli S, Acorn JH, Denes FV, Crosby AD, Nielsen SE. Of detectability and camouflage: evaluating Pollard Walk rules using a common, cryptic butterfly. Ecosphere 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Riva
- Department of Renewable Resources University of Alberta General Services Building Edmonton Alberta T6G 2H1 Canada
| | - Giorgio Gentile
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi University of Turin Turin Via Verdi 8‐10124 Italy
| | - Simona Bonelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi University of Turin Turin Via Verdi 8‐10124 Italy
| | - John H. Acorn
- Department of Renewable Resources University of Alberta General Services Building Edmonton Alberta T6G 2H1 Canada
| | - Francisco V. Denes
- Department of Renewable Resources University of Alberta General Services Building Edmonton Alberta T6G 2H1 Canada
| | - Andrew D. Crosby
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta Biological Sciences Building Edmonton Alberta T6G 2H1 Canada
| | - Scott E. Nielsen
- Department of Renewable Resources University of Alberta General Services Building Edmonton Alberta T6G 2H1 Canada
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Gillespie MAK, Alfredsson M, Barrio IC, Bowden J, Convey P, Coulson SJ, Culler LE, Dahl MT, Daly KM, Koponen S, Loboda S, Marusik Y, Sandström JP, Sikes DS, Slowik J, Høye TT. Circumpolar terrestrial arthropod monitoring: A review of ongoing activities, opportunities and challenges, with a focus on spiders. AMBIO 2020; 49:704-717. [PMID: 31030417 PMCID: PMC6989709 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-019-01185-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The terrestrial chapter of the Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Programme (CBMP) has the potential to bring international multi-taxon, long-term monitoring together, but detailed fundamental species information for Arctic arthropods lags far behind that for vertebrates and plants. In this paper, we demonstrate this major challenge to the CBMP by focussing on spiders (Order: Araneae) as an example group. We collate available circumpolar data on the distribution of spiders and highlight the current monitoring opportunities and identify the key knowledge gaps to address before monitoring can become efficient. We found spider data to be more complete than data for other taxa, but still variable in quality and availability between Arctic regions, highlighting the need for greater international co-operation for baseline studies and data sharing. There is also a dearth of long-term datasets for spiders and other arthropod groups from which to assess status and trends of biodiversity. Therefore, baseline studies should be conducted at all monitoring stations and we make recommendations for the development of the CBMP in relation to terrestrial arthropods more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. K. Gillespie
- Department of Environmental Science, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal Campus, 6851 Sogndal, Norway
| | - Matthias Alfredsson
- The Icelandic Institute of Natural History, Urridaholtsstraeti 6–8, 210 Gardabaer, Iceland
| | - Isabel C. Barrio
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 7, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural University of Iceland, Árleyni 22, Keldnaholt, 112 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Joe Bowden
- Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, Bldg. 1540, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Present Address: Canadian Forest Service – Atlantic Forestry Centre, 26 University Drive, PO Box 960, Corner Brook, NL A2H 6J3 Canada
| | - Peter Convey
- British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET UK
| | - Stephen J. Coulson
- Swedish Species Information Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lauren E. Culler
- Environmental Studies Program, Dartmouth College, 113 Steele Hall, Hanover, NH 03755 USA
- Institute of Arctic Studies, Dartmouth College, 6214 Haldeman Center, Hanover, NH 03755 USA
| | | | - Kathryn M. Daly
- University of Alaska Museum, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775-6960 USA
| | - Seppo Koponen
- Zoological Museum, Biodiversity Unit, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Sarah Loboda
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC Canada
| | - Yuri Marusik
- Institute for Biological Problems of the North RAS, Portovaya Str. 18, Magadan, Russia 685000
- Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300 South Africa
| | - Jonas P. Sandström
- Swedish Species Information Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Derek S. Sikes
- University of Alaska Museum, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775-6960 USA
| | - Jozef Slowik
- University of Alaska Museum, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775-6960 USA
| | - Toke T. Høye
- Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, Bldg. 1540, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Grenåvej 14, 8410 Rønde, Denmark
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Gillespie MAK, Alfredsson M, Barrio IC, Bowden JJ, Convey P, Culler LE, Coulson SJ, Krogh PH, Koltz AM, Koponen S, Loboda S, Marusik Y, Sandström JP, Sikes DS, Høye TT. Status and trends of terrestrial arthropod abundance and diversity in the North Atlantic region of the Arctic. AMBIO 2020; 49:718-731. [PMID: 30879270 PMCID: PMC6989714 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-019-01162-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Programme (CBMP) provides an opportunity to improve our knowledge of Arctic arthropod diversity, but initial baseline studies are required to summarise the status and trends of planned target groups of species known as Focal Ecosystem Components (FECs). We begin this process by collating available data for a relatively well-studied region in the Arctic, the North Atlantic region, summarising the diversity of key terrestrial arthropod FECs, and compiling trends for some representative species. We found the FEC classification system to be challenging to implement, but identified some key groups to target in the initial phases of the programme. Long-term data are scarce and exhibit high levels of spatial and temporal variability. Nevertheless, we found that a number of species and groups are in decline, mirroring patterns in other regions of the world. We emphasise that terrestrial arthropods require higher priority within future Arctic monitoring programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. K. Gillespie
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal Campus, 6851 Sogndal, Norway
| | - Matthias Alfredsson
- The Icelandic Institute of Natural History, Urridaholtsstraeti 6–8, 212 Gardabaer, Iceland
| | - Isabel C. Barrio
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural University of Iceland, Árleyni 22, Keldnaholt, 112 Reykjavík, Iceland
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 7, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Joseph J. Bowden
- Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, bldg. 1540, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Present Address: Canadian Forest Service – Atlantic Forestry Centre, 26 University Drive, PO Box 960, Corner Brook, NL A2H 6J3 Canada
| | - Peter Convey
- British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET UK
| | - Lauren E. Culler
- Environmental Studies Program, Dartmouth College, 113 Steele Hall, Hanover, NH 03755 USA
- Institute of Arctic Studies, Dartmouth College, 6214 Haldeman Center, Hanover, NH 03755 USA
| | - Stephen J. Coulson
- Swedish Species Information Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Paul Henning Krogh
- Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, bldg. 1540, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, P.O. Box 314, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Amanda M. Koltz
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130 USA
| | - Seppo Koponen
- Zoological Museum, Biodiversity Unit, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Sarah Loboda
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC Canada
| | - Yuri Marusik
- Institute for Biological Problems of the North RAS, Portovaya Str. 18, Magadan, Russia 685000
- Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300 South Africa
| | - Jonas P. Sandström
- Swedish Species Information Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Derek S. Sikes
- University of Alaska Museum, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775-6960 USA
| | - Toke T. Høye
- Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, bldg. 1540, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Grenåvej 14, 8410 Rønde, Denmark
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Gérard M, Martinet B, Maebe K, Marshall L, Smagghe G, Vereecken NJ, Vray S, Rasmont P, Michez D. Shift in size of bumblebee queens over the last century. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:1185-1195. [PMID: 31665557 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Species can respond differently when facing environmental changes, such as by shifting their geographical ranges or through plastic or adaptive modifications to new environmental conditions. Phenotypic modifications related to environmental factors have been mainly explored along latitudinal gradients, but they are relatively understudied through time despite their importance for key ecological interactions. Here we hypothesize that the average bumblebee queen body size has changed in Belgium during the last century. Based on historical and contemporary databases, we first tested if queen body sizes changed during the last century at the intraspecific level among four common bumblebee species and if it could be linked to global warming and/or habitat fragmentation as well as by the replacement by individuals from new populations. Then, we assessed body size changes at the community level, among 22 species, taking into account species population trends (i.e. increasing, stable or decreasing relative abundance). Our results show that the average queen body size of all four bumblebee species increased over the last century. This size increase was significantly correlated to global warming and habitat fragmentation, but not explained by changes in the population genetic structure (i.e. colonization). At the community level, species with stable or increasing relative abundance tend to be larger than declining species. Contrary to theoretical expectations from Bergmann's rule (i.e. increasing body size in colder climates), temperature does not seem to be the main driver of bumblebee body size during the last century as we observed the opposite body size trend. However, agricultural intensification and habitat fragmentation could be alternative mechanisms that shape body size clines. This study stresses the importance of considering alternative global change factors when assessing body size change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxence Gérard
- Laboratoire de Zoologie, Research Institute of Biosciences, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Baptiste Martinet
- Laboratoire de Zoologie, Research Institute of Biosciences, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Kevin Maebe
- Department Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Leon Marshall
- Agroecology Lab, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Department Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Sarah Vray
- Laboratoire de Zoologie, Research Institute of Biosciences, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Pierre Rasmont
- Laboratoire de Zoologie, Research Institute of Biosciences, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Denis Michez
- Laboratoire de Zoologie, Research Institute of Biosciences, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
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Beckers N, Hein N, Anneser A, Vanselow KA, Löffler J. Differences in Mobility and Dispersal Capacity Determine Body Size Clines in Two Common Alpine-Tundra Arthropods. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11020074. [PMID: 31979048 PMCID: PMC7074121 DOI: 10.3390/insects11020074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Arctic is projected to be severely impacted by changes in temperature and precipitation. Species react to these changes by shifts in ranges, phenology, and body size. In ectotherms, the patterns of body size clines and their underlying mechanisms are often hard to untangle. Mountains provide a space-for-time substitute to study these shifts along multiple spatial gradients. As such, mobility and dispersal capacity might conceal reactions with elevation. We test this influence on body size clines by comparing two common arthropods of the alpine tundra. We find that high mobility in the lycosid spider Pardosa palustris blurs elevational effects. Partially low mobility at least during development makes the carabid beetle Amara alpina more susceptible to elevational effects. Specific life-history mechanisms, such as brood care in lycosid spiders and holometabolic development in carabid beetles, are the possible cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Beckers
- Department of Geography, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 166, D-53115 Bonn, Germany; (N.H.); (A.A.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Nils Hein
- Department of Geography, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 166, D-53115 Bonn, Germany; (N.H.); (A.A.); (J.L.)
- School of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Ilia State University, 0162 Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Alessa Anneser
- Department of Geography, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 166, D-53115 Bonn, Germany; (N.H.); (A.A.); (J.L.)
| | - Kim A. Vanselow
- Department of Geography, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Wetterkreuz 15, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Jörg Löffler
- Department of Geography, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 166, D-53115 Bonn, Germany; (N.H.); (A.A.); (J.L.)
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Zaman K, Hubert MK, Schoville SD. Testing the role of ecological selection on colour pattern variation in the butterfly
Parnassius clodius. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:5086-5102. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.15279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Khuram Zaman
- Department of Entomology University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison WI USA
| | - Mryia K. Hubert
- Department of Entomology University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison WI USA
| | - Sean D. Schoville
- Department of Entomology University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison WI USA
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Faltýnek Fric Z, Rindoš M, Konvička M. Phenology responses of temperate butterflies to latitude depend on ecological traits. Ecol Lett 2019; 23:172-180. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.13419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Faltýnek Fric
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Biology Centre Institute of Entomology Branišovská 31 37005 České Budějovice Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia Branišovská1760, 37005 České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Michal Rindoš
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Biology Centre Institute of Entomology Branišovská 31 37005 České Budějovice Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia Branišovská1760, 37005 České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Martin Konvička
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Biology Centre Institute of Entomology Branišovská 31 37005 České Budějovice Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia Branišovská1760, 37005 České Budějovice Czech Republic
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25
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Wu CH, Holloway JD, Hill JK, Thomas CD, Chen IC, Ho CK. Reduced body sizes in climate-impacted Borneo moth assemblages are primarily explained by range shifts. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4612. [PMID: 31601806 PMCID: PMC6787050 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12655-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Both community composition changes due to species redistribution and within-species size shifts may alter body-size structures under climate warming. Here we assess the relative contribution of these processes in community-level body-size changes in tropical moth assemblages that moved uphill during a period of warming. Based on resurvey data for seven assemblages of geometrid moths (>8000 individuals) on Mt. Kinabalu, Borneo, in 1965 and 2007, we show significant wing-length reduction (mean shrinkage of 1.3% per species). Range shifts explain most size restructuring, due to uphill shifts of relatively small species, especially at high elevations. Overall, mean forewing length shrank by ca. 5%, much of which is accounted for by species range boundary shifts (3.9%), followed by within-boundary distribution changes (0.5%), and within-species size shrinkage (0.6%). We conclude that the effects of range shifting predominate, but considering species physiological responses is also important for understanding community size reorganization under climate warming. Body size shifts under climate change may arise from species range shifts, intraspecific size shifts, or both. Here the authors show that body size reduction in moth assemblages on Mt. Kinabalu, Borneo, over 42 years are driven more by species range shifts than by within-species shrinkage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Huey Wu
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jeremy D Holloway
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Jane K Hill
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Chris D Thomas
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - I-Ching Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan.
| | - Chuan-Kai Ho
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan. .,Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan.
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26
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Thermal limits of summer-collected Pardosa wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae) from the Yukon Territory (Canada) and Greenland. Polar Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-019-02580-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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27
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Wilson RJ, Brooks SJ, Fenberg PB. The influence of ecological and life history factors on ectothermic temperature-size responses: Analysis of three Lycaenidae butterflies (Lepidoptera). Ecol Evol 2019; 9:10305-10316. [PMID: 31632644 PMCID: PMC6787867 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Body size has been shown to decrease with increasing temperature in many species, prompting the suggestion that it is a universal ecological response. However, species with complex life cycles, such as holometabolous insects, may have correspondingly complicated temperature-size responses. Recent research suggests that life history and ecological traits may be important for determining the direction and strength of temperature-size responses. Yet, these factors are rarely included in analyses. Here, we aim to determine whether the size of the bivoltine butterfly, Polyommatus bellargus, and the univoltine butterflies, Plebejus argus and Polyommatus coridon, change in response to temperature and whether these responses differ between the sexes, and for P. bellargus, between generations. Forewing length was measured using digital specimens from the Natural History Museum, London (NHM), from one locality in the UK per species. The data were initially compared to annual and seasonal temperature values, without consideration of life history factors. Sex and generation of the individuals and mean monthly temperatures, which cover the growing period for each species, were then included in analyses. When compared to annual or seasonal temperatures only, size was not related to temperature for P. bellargus and P. argus, but there was a negative relationship between size and temperature for P. coridon. When sex, generation, and monthly temperatures were included, male adult size decreased as temperature increased in the early larval stages, and increased as temperature increased during the late larval stages. Results were similar but less consistent for females, while second generation P. bellargus showed no temperature-size response. In P. coridon, size decreased as temperature increased during the pupal stage. These results highlight the importance of including life history factors, sex, and monthly temperature data when studying temperature-size responses for species with complex life cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J. Wilson
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre SouthamptonUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- Department of Life SciencesNatural History MuseumLondonUK
| | | | - Phillip B. Fenberg
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre SouthamptonUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- Department of Life SciencesNatural History MuseumLondonUK
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28
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Rogy P, Wheeler TA, Solecki AM. Spatial distribution of acalyptrate fly (Diptera) assemblages in Northern Canada. Polar Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-019-02535-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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29
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Matsuda N, Tanaka K, Watari Y, Shintani Y, Goto SG, Nisimura T, Izumi Y, Numata H. Northward expansion of the bivoltine life cycle of the cricket over the last four decades. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:5622-5628. [PMID: 30284375 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent climate warming has affected some life-history traits of insects, including voltinism and body size. The magnitude of changes in these traits may differ latitudinally within a species because of the differing lengths of season available for growth. The present study aims to estimate the change in voltinism of the lawn ground cricket, Polionemobius mikado (Shiraki) (Orthoptera: Trigonidiidae), over the last four decades by comparing the body size between adults collected from a wide range of latitudes in Japan in recent years (2015-2017) and those collected four decades ago (1969-1976). The body size of adults collected in recent years showed a latitudinal saw-tooth cline, in the same way as body size did four decades ago, and the cline shifted northward over the last four decades: In 2015-2017, the body size decreased slightly with increasing latitude from 31°N to 36°N, and then increased to 40°N, and again decreased from 40°N to 44°N. Comparison of the body size between recent years and four decades ago revealed that the body size has decreased significantly at the middle latitudes (36-40°N), suggesting that the proportion of smaller bivoltine individuals there has increased over the last four decades. The sum of effective temperatures for postdiapause embryonic development at around 36°N in recent years was comparable to that at 31-35°N four decades ago, at which P. mikado populations were bivoltine. Taken together, these findings suggested that the latitudinal range suitable for the bivoltine life cycle of P. mikado has expanded northward over the last four decades because of climate warming. This is the first report that shows that a decrease in body size can be caused by climate warming via an increase in voltinism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Matsuda
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tanaka
- General Education Division, Miyagi Gakuin Women's University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Watari
- Faculty of Clinical Education, Ashiya University, Ashiya, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Shintani
- Department of Environmental and Horticultural Sciences, Minami Kyushu University, Miyakonojo, Japan
| | - Shin G Goto
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Yohei Izumi
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
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31
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CaraDonna PJ, Cunningham JL, Iler AM. Experimental warming in the field delays phenology and reduces body mass, fat content and survival: Implications for the persistence of a pollinator under climate change. Funct Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. CaraDonna
- Chicago Botanic Garden Glencoe Illinois
- Program in Plant Biology and Conservation Northwestern University Evanston Illinois
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Arizona Tucson Arizona
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution, and Climate Natural History Museum of Denmark University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - James L. Cunningham
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Arizona Tucson Arizona
| | - Amy M. Iler
- Chicago Botanic Garden Glencoe Illinois
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
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32
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Bowden JJ, Hansen OLP, Olsen K, Schmidt NM, Høye TT. Drivers of inter-annual variation and long-term change in High-Arctic spider species abundances. Polar Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-018-2351-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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33
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Baar Y, Friedman ALL, Meiri S, Scharf I. Little effect of climate change on body size of herbivorous beetles. INSECT SCIENCE 2018; 25:309-316. [PMID: 28028893 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing climate change affects various aspects of an animal's life, with important effects on distribution range and phenology. The relationship between global warming and body size changes in mammals and birds has been widely studied, with most findings indicating a decline in body size over time. Nevertheless, little data exist on similar size change patterns of invertebrates in general and insects in particular, and it is unclear whether insects should decrease in size or not with climate warming. We measured over 4000 beetle specimens, belonging to 29 beetle species in 8 families, collected in Israel during the last 100 years. The sampled species are all herbivorous. We examined whether beetle body size had changed over the years, while also investigating the relationships between body size and annual temperature, precipitation, net primary productivity (NPP) at the collection site and collection month. None of the environmental variables, including the collection year, was correlated with the size of most of the studied beetle species, while there were strong interactions of all variables with species. Our results, though mostly negative, suggest that the effect of climate change on insect body size is species-specific and by no means a general macro-ecological rule. They also suggest that the intrapopulation variance in body size of insects collected as adults in the field is large enough to conceal intersite environmental effects on body size, such as the effect of temperature and NPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Baar
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Steinhardt Museum of Natural History and National Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ariel Leib Leonid Friedman
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Steinhardt Museum of Natural History and National Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shai Meiri
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Steinhardt Museum of Natural History and National Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Inon Scharf
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Steinhardt Museum of Natural History and National Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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34
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Egg size versus egg number trade-off in the alpine-tundra wolf spider, Pardosa palustris (Araneae: Lycosidae). Polar Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-018-2301-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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35
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Beckers N, Hein N, Vanselow KA, Löffler J. Effects of Microclimatic Thresholds on the Activity-Abundance and Distribution Patterns of Alpine Carabidae Species. ANN ZOOL FENN 2018. [DOI: 10.5735/086.055.0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Beckers
- Department of Geography, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 166, D-53111 Bonn, Germany
| | - Nils Hein
- Department of Geography, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 166, D-53111 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kim André Vanselow
- Department of Geography, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Wetterkreuz 15, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jörg Löffler
- Department of Geography, University of Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 166, D-53111 Bonn, Germany
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36
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Zipf L, Williams EH, Primack RB, Stichter S. Climate effects on late-season flight times of Massachusetts butterflies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2017; 61:1667-1673. [PMID: 28382376 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-017-1347-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Although the responses of living organisms to climate change are being widely investigated, little attention has been given to such effects late in the growing season. We studied the late-season flight times of 20 species of butterflies in a geographically limited region, the state of Massachusetts in the USA, by examining change in dates of flight over a 22-year period and in response to average monthly temperature and precipitation. By analyzing the last 10% of each year's observations reported by observers of the Massachusetts Butterfly Club, we found that seven species remain in flight significantly later into the fall than they did two decades earlier, while two species show reduced late-season flight. Life history characteristics of the species, particularly voltinism and average fall flight dates, influenced whether warmer fall months led to increases or decreases in fall flight. Warmer Novembers often led to later fall flight, and wetter Augusts usually extended fall flight. These results document the effects of climate on late-season flight times of butterflies, add to an understanding of how warmer autumn conditions alter the phenology of different butterfly species, and show the usefulness of citizen science data.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zipf
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - E H Williams
- Department of Biology, Hamilton College, 198 College Hill Rd., Clinton, NY, 13323, USA.
| | - R B Primack
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - S Stichter
- Massachusetts Butterfly Club, 108 Walden St., Cambridge, MA, 02140, USA
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37
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Davenport JM, Hossack BR, Fishback L. Additive impacts of experimental climate change increase risk to an ectotherm at the Arctic's edge. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:2262-2271. [PMID: 27790788 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Globally, Arctic and Subarctic regions have experienced the greatest temperature increases during the last 30 years. These extreme changes have amplified threats to the freshwater ecosystems that dominate the landscape in many areas by altering water budgets. Several studies in temperate environments have examined the adaptive capacity of organisms to enhance our understanding of the potential repercussions of warming and associated accelerated drying for freshwater ecosystems. However, few experiments have examined these impacts in Arctic or Subarctic freshwater ecosystems, where the climate is changing most rapidly. To evaluate the capacity of a widespread ectotherm to anticipated environmental changes, we conducted a mesocosm experiment with wood frogs (Rana sylvatica) in the Canadian Subarctic. Three warming treatments were fully crossed with three drying treatments to simulate a range of predicted changes in wetland environments. We predicted wetland warming and drying would act synergistically, with water temperature partially compensating for some of the negative effects of accelerated drying. Across all drying regimes, a 1 °C increase in water temperature increased the odds of survival by 1.79, and tadpoles in 52-day and 64-day hydroperiod mesocosms were 4.1-4.3 times more likely to survive to metamorphosis than tadpoles in 45-day mesocosms. For individuals who survived to metamorphosis, there was only a weak negative effect of temperature on size. As expected, increased temperatures accelerated tadpole growth through day 30 of the experiment. Our results reveal that one of the dominant herbivores in Subarctic wetlands, wood frog tadpoles, are capable of increasing their developmental rates in response to increased temperature and accelerated drying, but only in an additive manner. The strong negative effects of drying on survival, combined with lack of compensation between these two environmental drivers, suggest changes in the aquatic environment that are expected in this ecosystem will reduce mean fitness of populations across the landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon M Davenport
- Department of Biology, Southeast Missouri State University, One University Plaza, Cape Girardeau, MO, 63701, USA
| | - Blake R Hossack
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute, 790 E. Beckwith Ave., Missoula, MT, 59801, USA
| | - LeeAnn Fishback
- Churchill Northern Studies Centre, Churchill, MB, R0B 0E0, Canada
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38
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MacLean HJ, Kingsolver JG, Buckley LB. Historical changes in thermoregulatory traits of alpine butterflies reveal complex ecological and evolutionary responses to recent climate change. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s40665-016-0028-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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39
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Bokhorst S, Pedersen SH, Brucker L, Anisimov O, Bjerke JW, Brown RD, Ehrich D, Essery RLH, Heilig A, Ingvander S, Johansson C, Johansson M, Jónsdóttir IS, Inga N, Luojus K, Macelloni G, Mariash H, McLennan D, Rosqvist GN, Sato A, Savela H, Schneebeli M, Sokolov A, Sokratov SA, Terzago S, Vikhamar-Schuler D, Williamson S, Qiu Y, Callaghan TV. Changing Arctic snow cover: A review of recent developments and assessment of future needs for observations, modelling, and impacts. AMBIO 2016; 45:516-37. [PMID: 26984258 PMCID: PMC4980315 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-016-0770-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Snow is a critically important and rapidly changing feature of the Arctic. However, snow-cover and snowpack conditions change through time pose challenges for measuring and prediction of snow. Plausible scenarios of how Arctic snow cover will respond to changing Arctic climate are important for impact assessments and adaptation strategies. Although much progress has been made in understanding and predicting snow-cover changes and their multiple consequences, many uncertainties remain. In this paper, we review advances in snow monitoring and modelling, and the impact of snow changes on ecosystems and society in Arctic regions. Interdisciplinary activities are required to resolve the current limitations on measuring and modelling snow characteristics through the cold season and at different spatial scales to assure human well-being, economic stability, and improve the ability to predict manage and adapt to natural hazards in the Arctic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stef Bokhorst
- FRAM – High North Research Centre on Climate and the Environment, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), PO Box 6606, Langnes, 9296 Tromsø Norway
- Department of Ecological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stine Højlund Pedersen
- Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Ludovic Brucker
- NASA GSFC Cryospheric Sciences Laboratory, Code 615, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
- Goddard Earth Sciences Technology and Research Studies and Investigations, Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD 21044 USA
| | - Oleg Anisimov
- State Hydrological Institute of Roshydromet, 23 Second Line V.O., St.Petersburg, Russia 199053
- International Centre for Science and Education “Best”, North-East Federal University, Yakutsk, Russia
| | - Jarle W. Bjerke
- FRAM – High North Research Centre on Climate and the Environment, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), PO Box 6606, Langnes, 9296 Tromsø Norway
| | - Ross D. Brown
- Climate Research Division, Environment Canada Ouranos, 550 Sherbrooke St. West, 19th Floor, Montreal, QC H3A 1B9 Canada
| | - Dorothee Ehrich
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Achim Heilig
- Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Ingvander
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Johansson
- Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Margareta Johansson
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
- Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, PO Box 50005, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingibjörg Svala Jónsdóttir
- University Centre in Svalbard, PO Box 156, 9171 Longyearbyen, Norway
- Faculty of Life- and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 7, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Niila Inga
- Leavas Sámi Community, Box 53, 981 21 Kiruna, Sweden
| | - Kari Luojus
- Arctic Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, P.O. Box 503, 00101 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Giovanni Macelloni
- IFAC-CNR - Institute of Applied Physics “Nello Carrara”, National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI Italy
| | - Heather Mariash
- National Wildlife Research Centre, Environment Canada, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, K1A 0H3 Canada
| | - Donald McLennan
- Canadian High Arctic Research Station (CHARS), 360 Albert Street, Suite 1710, Ottawa, ON K1R 7X7 Canada
| | - Gunhild Ninis Rosqvist
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Atsushi Sato
- Snow and Ice Research Center, National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention, 187-16 Suyoshi, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-0821 Japan
| | - Hannele Savela
- Thule Insitute, University of Oulu, PO Box 7300, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Martin Schneebeli
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Flüelastrasse 11, 7260 Davos Dorf, Switzerland
| | - Aleksandr Sokolov
- Arctic Research Station of Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Labytnangi, Russia 629400
- Science Center for Arctic Studies, State Organization of Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District, Salekhard, Russia
| | - Sergey A. Sokratov
- Arctic Environment Laboratory, Faculty of Geography, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1, Moscow, Russia 119991
| | - Silvia Terzago
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council (ISAC-CNR), Corso Fiume 4, 10133 Turin, Italy
| | - Dagrun Vikhamar-Schuler
- Division for Model and Climate Analysis, R&D Department, The Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Postboks 43, Blindern, 0313 Oslo, Norway
| | - Scott Williamson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, CW 405, Biological Sciences Bldg., Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9 Canada
| | - Yubao Qiu
- Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academic of Science, Beijing, 100094 China
- Group on Earth Observations, Cold Regions Initiative, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Terry V. Callaghan
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN UK
- National Research Tomsk Stated University, 36, Lenin Ave., Tomsk, Russia 634050
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40
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Klockmann M, Karajoli F, Kuczyk J, Reimer S, Fischer K. Fitness implications of simulated climate change in three species of copper butterflies (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Klockmann
- Zoological Institute and Museum; University of Greifswald; D-17489 Greifswald Germany
| | - Fajes Karajoli
- Zoological Institute and Museum; University of Greifswald; D-17489 Greifswald Germany
| | - Josephine Kuczyk
- Zoological Institute and Museum; University of Greifswald; D-17489 Greifswald Germany
| | - Stephanie Reimer
- Zoological Institute and Museum; University of Greifswald; D-17489 Greifswald Germany
| | - Klaus Fischer
- Zoological Institute and Museum; University of Greifswald; D-17489 Greifswald Germany
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41
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Hansen RR, Hansen OLP, Bowden JJ, Treier UA, Normand S, Høye T. Meter scale variation in shrub dominance and soil moisture structure Arctic arthropod communities. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2224. [PMID: 27478709 PMCID: PMC4950568 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Arctic is warming at twice the rate of the rest of the world. This impacts Arctic species both directly, through increased temperatures, and indirectly, through structural changes in their habitats. Species are expected to exhibit idiosyncratic responses to structural change, which calls for detailed investigations at the species and community level. Here, we investigate how arthropod assemblages of spiders and beetles respond to variation in habitat structure at small spatial scales. We sampled transitions in shrub dominance and soil moisture between three different habitats (fen, dwarf shrub heath, and tall shrub tundra) at three different sites along a fjord gradient in southwest Greenland, using yellow pitfall cups. We identified 2,547 individuals belonging to 47 species. We used species richness estimation, indicator species analysis and latent variable modeling to examine differences in arthropod community structure in response to habitat variation at local (within site) and regional scales (between sites). We estimated species responses to the environment by fitting species-specific generalized linear models with environmental covariates. Species assemblages were segregated at the habitat and site level. Each habitat hosted significant indicator species, and species richness and diversity were significantly lower in fen habitats. Assemblage patterns were significantly linked to changes in soil moisture and vegetation height, as well as geographic location. We show that meter-scale variation among habitats affects arthropod community structure, supporting the notion that the Arctic tundra is a heterogeneous environment. To gain sufficient insight into temporal biodiversity change, we require studies of species distributions detailing species habitat preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke Reisner Hansen
- Arctic Research Centre, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Bioscience, Kalø, Aarhus University, Rønde, Denmark
| | - Oskar Liset Pryds Hansen
- Arctic Research Centre, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Bioscience, Kalø, Aarhus University, Rønde, Denmark
| | - Joseph J Bowden
- Arctic Research Centre, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University , Aarhus C , Denmark
| | - Urs A Treier
- Arctic Research Centre, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark; Ecoinformatics & Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Signe Normand
- Arctic Research Centre, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark; Ecoinformatics & Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Toke Høye
- Arctic Research Centre, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Bioscience, Kalø, Aarhus University, Rønde, Denmark; Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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42
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van Gils JA, Lisovski S, Lok T, Meissner W, Ożarowska A, de Fouw J, Rakhimberdiev E, Soloviev MY, Piersma T, Klaassen M. Body shrinkage due to Arctic warming reduces red knot fitness in tropical wintering range. Science 2016; 352:819-21. [PMID: 27174985 DOI: 10.1126/science.aad6351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Reductions in body size are increasingly being identified as a response to climate warming. Here we present evidence for a case of such body shrinkage, potentially due to malnutrition in early life. We show that an avian long-distance migrant (red knot, Calidris canutus canutus), which is experiencing globally unrivaled warming rates at its high-Arctic breeding grounds, produces smaller offspring with shorter bills during summers with early snowmelt. This has consequences half a world away at their tropical wintering grounds, where shorter-billed individuals have reduced survival rates. This is associated with these molluscivores eating fewer deeply buried bivalve prey and more shallowly buried seagrass rhizomes. We suggest that seasonal migrants can experience reduced fitness at one end of their range as a result of a changing climate at the other end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan A van Gils
- Department of Coastal Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, and Utrecht University, Post Office Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg (Texel), Netherlands
| | - Simeon Lisovski
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Victoria 3217, Australia
| | - Tamar Lok
- Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Post Office Box 11103, 9700 CC Groningen, Netherlands. Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5175, Campus Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Włodzimierz Meissner
- Avian Ecophysiology Unit, Department of Vertebrate Ecology and Zoology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Ożarowska
- Avian Ecophysiology Unit, Department of Vertebrate Ecology and Zoology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jimmy de Fouw
- Department of Coastal Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, and Utrecht University, Post Office Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg (Texel), Netherlands
| | - Eldar Rakhimberdiev
- Department of Coastal Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, and Utrecht University, Post Office Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg (Texel), Netherlands. Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Mikhail Y Soloviev
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Theunis Piersma
- Department of Coastal Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, and Utrecht University, Post Office Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg (Texel), Netherlands. Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Post Office Box 11103, 9700 CC Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Marcel Klaassen
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Victoria 3217, Australia
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43
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Lauringson V, Kotta J. Mussels of a marginal population affect the patterns of ambient macrofauna: A case study from the Baltic Sea. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 116:10-17. [PMID: 26970684 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In contemporary ecosystems, organisms are increasingly confronted with suboptimal living conditions. We aimed to understand the role of ecosystem engineering species in suboptimal habitats from a population inhabiting the species range margin in naturally stressful conditions. We determined the impact of 2-4 cm sized patches of dwarfed mussels Mytilus trossulus close to its lower salinity limit in the North-Eastern Baltic Sea, on epibenthic community patterns. Mussels affected total macrofaunal abundance and biomass and the taxonomic and functional community structure based on abundances, as well as the species composition of macrofauna. Mussels did not affect ephemeral algae or sediment chlorophyll content, but increased the abundance, biomass, richness, and diversity of grazers, within a radius approximately twelve times the size of mussel patches. We can expect marginal populations of ecosystem engineers in suboptimal habitats to contribute to spatial heterogeneity in biotic patterns and eventual ecosystem stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velda Lauringson
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Jonne Kotta
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, Tallinn, Estonia
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