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Van Schoor K, Bruet E, Jones EAV, Migeotte I. Origin and flow-mediated remodeling of the murine and human extraembryonic circulation systems. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1395006. [PMID: 38818524 PMCID: PMC11137303 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1395006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The transduction of mechanical stimuli produced by blood flow is an important regulator of vascular development. The vitelline and umbilico-placental circulations are extraembryonic vascular systems that are required for proper embryonic development in mammalian embryos. The morphogenesis of the extraembryonic vasculature and the cardiovascular system of the embryo are hemodynamically and molecularly connected. Here we provide an overview of the establishment of the murine and human vitelline and umbilico-placental vascular systems and how blood flow influences various steps in their development. A deeper comprehension of extraembryonic vessel development may aid the establishment of stem-cell based embryo models and provide novel insights to understanding pregnancy complications related to the umbilical cord and placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristof Van Schoor
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Jacques E. Dumont, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Emmanuel Bruet
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Jacques E. Dumont, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elizabeth Anne Vincent Jones
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Cardiology CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Isabelle Migeotte
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Jacques E. Dumont, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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2
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Rojas MG, Pereira-Simon S, Zigmond ZM, Varona Santos J, Perla M, Santos Falcon N, Stoyell-Conti FF, Salama A, Yang X, Long X, Duque JC, Salman LH, Tabbara M, Martinez L, Vazquez-Padron RI. Single-Cell Analyses Offer Insights into the Different Remodeling Programs of Arteries and Veins. Cells 2024; 13:793. [PMID: 38786017 PMCID: PMC11119253 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Arteries and veins develop different types of occlusive diseases and respond differently to injury. The biological reasons for this discrepancy are not well understood, which is a limiting factor for the development of vein-targeted therapies. This study contrasts human peripheral arteries and veins at the single-cell level, with a focus on cell populations with remodeling potential. Upper arm arteries (brachial) and veins (basilic/cephalic) from 30 organ donors were compared using a combination of bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing, proteomics, flow cytometry, and histology. The cellular atlases of six arteries and veins demonstrated a 7.8× higher proportion of contractile smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in arteries and a trend toward more modulated SMCs. In contrast, veins showed a higher abundance of endothelial cells, pericytes, and macrophages, as well as an increasing trend in fibroblasts. Activated fibroblasts had similar proportions in both types of vessels but with significant differences in gene expression. Modulated SMCs and activated fibroblasts were characterized by the upregulation of MYH10, FN1, COL8A1, and ITGA10. Activated fibroblasts also expressed F2R, POSTN, and COMP and were confirmed by F2R/CD90 flow cytometry. Activated fibroblasts from veins were the top producers of collagens among all fibroblast populations from both types of vessels. Venous fibroblasts were also highly angiogenic, proinflammatory, and hyper-responders to reactive oxygen species. Differences in wall structure further explain the significant contribution of fibroblast populations to remodeling in veins. Fibroblasts are almost exclusively located outside the external elastic lamina in arteries, while widely distributed throughout the venous wall. In line with the above, ECM-targeted proteomics confirmed a higher abundance of fibrillar collagens in veins vs. more basement ECM components in arteries. The distinct cellular compositions and transcriptional programs of reparative populations in arteries and veins may explain differences in acute and chronic wall remodeling between vessels. This information may be relevant for the development of antistenotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel G. Rojas
- Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (M.G.R.); (S.P.-S.); (J.V.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Simone Pereira-Simon
- Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (M.G.R.); (S.P.-S.); (J.V.S.); (A.S.)
| | | | - Javier Varona Santos
- Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (M.G.R.); (S.P.-S.); (J.V.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Mikael Perla
- Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (M.G.R.); (S.P.-S.); (J.V.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Nieves Santos Falcon
- Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (M.G.R.); (S.P.-S.); (J.V.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Filipe F. Stoyell-Conti
- Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (M.G.R.); (S.P.-S.); (J.V.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Alghidak Salama
- Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (M.G.R.); (S.P.-S.); (J.V.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Xiaochun Long
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Juan C. Duque
- Department of Medicine, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Loay H. Salman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Marwan Tabbara
- Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (M.G.R.); (S.P.-S.); (J.V.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Laisel Martinez
- Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (M.G.R.); (S.P.-S.); (J.V.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Roberto I. Vazquez-Padron
- Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (M.G.R.); (S.P.-S.); (J.V.S.); (A.S.)
- Bruce W. Carter Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL 33125, USA;
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Steadman E, Steadman D, Rubenstein DA, Yin W. Platelet and endothelial cell responses under concurrent shear stress and tensile strain. Microvasc Res 2024; 151:104613. [PMID: 37793562 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2023.104613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Thrombosis can lead to significant mortality and morbidity. Both platelets and vascular endothelial cells play significant roles in thrombosis. Platelets' response to blood flow-induced shear stress can vary greatly depending on shear stress magnitude, pattern and shear exposure time. Endothelial cells are also sensitive to the biomechanical environment. Endothelial cell activation and dysfunction can occur under low oscillatory shear stress and low tensile strain. Platelet and endothelial cell interaction can also be affected by mechanical conditions. The goal of this study was to investigate how blood flow-induced shear stress, vascular wall tensile strain, platelet-endothelial cell stress history, and platelet-endothelial cell interaction affect platelet thrombogenicity. Platelets and human coronary artery endothelial cells were pretreated with physiological and pathological shear stress and/or tensile strain separately. The pretreated cells were then put together and exposed to pulsatile shear stress and cyclic tensile strain simultaneously in a shearing-stretching device. Following treatment, platelet thrombin generation rate, platelet and endothelial cell activation, and platelet adhesion to endothelial cells was measured. The results demonstrated that shear stress pretreatment of endothelial cells and platelets caused a significant increase in platelet thrombin generation rate, cell surface phosphatidylserine expression, and adhesion to endothelial cells. Shear stress pretreatment of platelets and endothelial cells attenuated endothelial cell ICAM-1 expression under stenosis conditions, as well as vWF expression under recirculation conditions. These results indicate that platelets are sensitized by prior shearing, while in comparison, the interaction with shear stress-pretreated platelets may reduce endothelial cell sensitivity to pathological shear stress and tensile strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Steadman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Rd., Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Danielle Steadman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Rd., Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - David A Rubenstein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Rd., Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Wei Yin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Rd., Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
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van Tuijl RJ, Timmins KM, Velthuis BK, van Ooij P, Zwanenburg JJM, Ruigrok YM, van der Schaaf IC. Hemodynamic Parameters in the Parent Arteries of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms Depend on Aneurysm Size and Are Different Compared to Contralateral Arteries: A 7 Tesla 4D Flow MRI Study. J Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 59:223-230. [PMID: 37144669 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different Circle of Willis (CoW) variants have variable prevalences of aneurysm development, but the hemodynamic variation along the CoW and its relation to presence and size of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) are not well known. PURPOSE Gain insight into hemodynamic imaging markers of the CoW for UIA development by comparing these outcomes to the corresponding contralateral artery without an UIA using 4D flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). STUDY TYPE Retrospective, cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS Thirty-eight patients with an UIA, whereby 27 were women and a mean age of 62 years old. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE Four-dimensional phase-contrast (PC) MRI with a 3D time-resolved velocity encoded gradient echo sequence at 7 T. ASSESSMENT Hemodynamic parameters (blood flow, velocity pulsatility index [vPI], mean velocity, distensibility, and wall shear stress [peak systolic (WSSMAX ), and time-averaged (WSSMEAN )]) in the parent artery of the UIA were compared to the corresponding contralateral artery without an UIA and were related to UIA size. STATISTICAL TESTS Paired t-tests and Pearson Correlation tests. The threshold for statistical significance was P < 0.05 (two-tailed). RESULTS Blood flow, mean velocity, WSSMAX , and WSSMEAN were significantly higher, while vPI was lower, in the parent artery relative to contralateral artery. The WSSMAX of the parent artery significantly increased linearly while the WSSMEAN decreased linearly with increasing UIA size. CONCLUSIONS Hemodynamic parameters and WSS differ between parent vessels of UIAs and corresponding contralateral vessels. WSS correlates with UIA size, supporting a potential hemodynamic role in aneurysm pathology. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick J van Tuijl
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kimberley M Timmins
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Birgitta K Velthuis
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pim van Ooij
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jaco J M Zwanenburg
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ynte M Ruigrok
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Koh S, Kim SJ, Lee S. Associations between central pulse pressure, microvascular endothelial function, and fluid overload in peritoneal dialysis patients. Clin Exp Hypertens 2023; 45:2267192. [PMID: 37842909 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2023.2267192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microcirculatory endothelial dysfunction is a complex phenomenon that contributes to the development of cardiovascular disease. However, the relationship between microcirculatory endothelial dysfunction and macrovascular disease remains incompletely understood. Fluid overload is a risk factor for cardiovascular mortality in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Therefore, we investigated the effects of chronic fluid overload on both the microcirculation and macrocirculation in these patients. METHODS Thirty patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis were included in this cross-sectional study. We measured their central blood pressure and pulse wave velocity, assessed their microvascular endothelial function using drug-induced iontophoresis with laser Doppler flowmetry, and determined the amount of fluid overload using bioimpedance. We conducted a Spearman correlation analysis, univariate analysis, and stepwise multivariate regression models to determine the associations among the hemodynamic parameters. RESULTS Acetylcholine-induced iontophoresis with laser Doppler flowmetry showed a correlation with both brachial and central pulse pressure (PP), but not with pulse wave velocity. Fluid overload was associated with both central and brachial PP and remained an independent predictor of central PP even after adjusting for multiple factors. However, fluid overload was not associated with microcirculatory endothelial function. CONCLUSION In peritoneal dialysis patients, we observed a significant association between central PP and microvascular endothelial function, indicating a connection between macrocirculation and microcirculation. However, conclusive evidence regarding fluid overload as a mediator between these circulatory systems is lacking. Further research is needed to investigate this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoyon Koh
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Jung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shina Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
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Tilahun HG, Mullagura HN, Humphrey JD, Baek S. A biochemomechanical model of collagen turnover in arterial adaptations to hemodynamic loading. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2023; 22:2063-2082. [PMID: 37505299 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-023-01750-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The production, removal, and remodeling of fibrillar collagen is fundamental to mechanical homeostasis in arteries, including dynamic morphological and microstructural changes that occur in response to sustained changes in blood flow and pressure under physiological conditions. These dynamic processes involve complex, coupled biological, chemical, and mechanical mechanisms that are not completely understood. Nevertheless, recent simulations using constrained mixture models with phenomenologically motivated constitutive relations have proven able to predict salient features of the progression of certain vascular adaptations as well as disease processes. Collagen turnover is modeled, in part, via stress-dependent changes in collagen half-life, typically within the range of 10-70 days. By contrast, in this work we introduce a biochemomechanical approach to model the cellular synthesis of procollagen as well as its transition from an intermediate state of assembled microfibrils to mature cross-linked fibers, with mechano-regulated removal. The resulting model can simulate temporal changes in geometry, composition, and stress during early vascular adaptation (weeks to months) for modest changes in blood flow or pressure. It is shown that these simulations capture salient features from data presented in the literature from different animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailu G Tilahun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, 3259 Engineering Building, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Haritha N Mullagura
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, 3259 Engineering Building, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Jay D Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Seungik Baek
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, 3259 Engineering Building, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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7
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Murphy AR, Allenby MC. In vitro microvascular engineering approaches and strategies for interstitial tissue integration. Acta Biomater 2023; 171:114-130. [PMID: 37717711 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The increasing gap between clinical demand for tissue or organ transplants and the availability of donated tissue highlights the emerging opportunities for lab-grown or synthetically engineered tissue. While the field of tissue engineering has existed for nearly half a century, its clinical translation remains unrealised, in part, due to a limited ability to engineer sufficient vascular supply into fabricated tissue, which is necessary to enable nutrient and waste exchange, prevent cellular necrosis, and support tissue proliferation. Techniques to develop anatomically relevant, functional vascular networks in vitro have made significant progress in the last decade, however, the challenge now remains as to how best incorporate these throughout dense parenchymal tissue-like structures to address diffusion-limited development and allow for the fabrication of large-scale vascularised tissue. This review explores advances made in the laboratory engineering of vasculature structures and summarises recent attempts to integrate vascular networks together with sophisticated in vitro avascular tissue and organ-like structures. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The ability to grow full scale, functional tissue and organs in vitro is primarily limited by an inability to adequately diffuse oxygen and nutrients throughout developing cellularised structures, which generally results from the absence of perfusable vessel networks. Techniques to engineering both perfusable vascular networks and avascular miniaturised organ-like structures have recently increased in complexity, sophistication, and physiological relevance. However, integrating these two essential elements into a single functioning vascularised tissue structure represents a significant spatial and temporal engineering challenge which is yet to be surmounted. Here, we explore a range of vessel morphogenic phenomena essential for tissue-vascular co-development, as well as evaluate a range of recent noteworthy approaches for generating vascularised tissue products in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Murphy
- School of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Information Technology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4100, Australia
| | - M C Allenby
- School of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Information Technology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4100, Australia; Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Medical, Mechanical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia.
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Jackson ML, Bond AR, George SJ. Mechanobiology of the endothelium in vascular health and disease: in vitro shear stress models. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2023; 37:997-1010. [PMID: 36190667 PMCID: PMC10516801 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-022-07385-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been growing evidence that vascular pathologies arise in sites experiencing an altered haemodynamic environment. Fluid shear stress (FSS) is an important contributor to vascular homeostasis and regulates endothelial cell (EC) gene expression, morphology, and behaviour through specialised mechanosensitive signalling pathways. The presence of an altered FSS profile is a pathological characteristic of many vascular diseases, with the most established example being the preferential localisation of atherosclerotic plaque development. However, the precise haemodynamic contributions to other vascular pathologies including coronary artery vein graft failure remains poorly defined. To evaluate potential novel therapeutics for the treatment of vascular diseases via targeting EC behaviour, it is important to undertake in vitro experiments using appropriate culture conditions, particularly FSS. There are a wide range of in vitro models used to study the effect of FSS on the cultured endothelium, each with the ability to generate FSS flow profiles through which the investigator can control haemodynamic parameters including flow magnitude and directionality. An important consideration for selection of an appropriate model of FSS exposure is the FSS profile that the model can generate, in comparison to the physiological and pathophysiological haemodynamic environment of the vessel of interest. A resource bringing together the haemodynamic environment characteristic of atherosclerosis pathology and the flow profiles generated by in vitro methods of applying FSS would be beneficial to researchers when selecting the appropriate model for their research. Consequently, here we summarise the widely used methods of exposing cultured endothelium to FSS, the flow profile they generate and their advantages and limitations in investigating the pathological contribution of altered FSS to vascular disease and evaluating novel therapeutic targets for the treatment and prevention of vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly L. Jackson
- Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS2 8HW UK
| | - Andrew Richard Bond
- Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS2 8HW UK
| | - Sarah Jane George
- Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS2 8HW UK
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Hammes M, Desai S, Lucas JF, Mitta N, Pulla A, Mitra A. The FACT : Use of a novel intermittent pneumatic compression device to promote pre-surgery arm vein dilation in patients with chronic renal failure. J Vasc Access 2023; 24:911-919. [PMID: 34789025 DOI: 10.1177/11297298211057378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) creation and maturation for hemodialysis is globally a topic of importance given the poor results and high costs associated with renal care. Successful AVF (surgical or endovascular) creation requires appropriate superficial veins and quality arteries. Many procedures fail due to initial small veins with limited blood flow capacity and distensibility. Intermittent pneumatic compression has previously shown success in trials to increase superficial veins in patients with end stage renal disease post AVF. The objective of this study is to investigate the role of an intermittent pneumatic device, the Fist Assist®, to dilate cephalic arm veins in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) prior to AVF placement. METHODS Three centers enrolled subjects from June 2019 through July 2021. Baseline Doppler measurements of the cephalic vein in standard locations the forearm and upper arm with and without a blood pressure cuff were recorded. Patients were instructed and used Fist Assist® on their non-dominant arm for up to 4 h daily for 90 days. At approximately 3 months, Doppler measurements were repeated. The primary endpoint was cephalic vein enlargement with secondary endpoints based on percentage of veins approaching 2.5 mm in the forearm and 3.5 mm in the upper arm. RESULTS Thirty-seven subjects with CKD (mean eGFR 13.8 mL/min) were enrolled and completed the trial. Paired-difference t-tests (one tail) for aggregate data showed significant venous dilation of the cephalic vein in both the forearm and upper arm after use with the Fist Assist® (p < 0.05). Mean differences in the forearm veins were approximately 0.6 and 1.1 mm in the upper arm cephalic vein after Fist Assist® application. There were no major complications reported by any subject during the trial. CONCLUSIONS Fist Assist® use in patients with CKD is effective to enhance vein dilation. Forearm and upper arm cephalic veins increased on average 0.6 and 1.1 mm respectively after Fist Assist® application. This is the first trial to evaluate the effect of intermittent, focal pneumatic compression on pre-surgery vein diameter in patients with advanced CKD before AVF creation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Hammes
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sanjay Desai
- Division of Vascular Surgery, MS Ramaiah Medical Center, Bangalore, India
| | - John F Lucas
- Department of Surgery, Greenwood Leflore Hospital, Greenwood, MS, USA
| | - Nivedita Mitta
- Division of Vascular Surgery, MS Ramaiah Medical Center, Bangalore, India
| | - Abhishek Pulla
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amit Mitra
- Department of Systems and Technology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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10
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Harper CE, Zhang W, Lee J, Shin JH, Keller MR, van Wijngaarden E, Chou E, Wang Z, Dörr T, Chen P, Hernandez CJ. Mechanical stimuli activate gene expression via a cell envelope stress sensing pathway. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13979. [PMID: 37633922 PMCID: PMC10460444 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40897-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanosensitive mechanisms are often used to sense damage to tissue structure, stimulating matrix synthesis and repair. While this kind of mechanoregulatory process is well recognized in eukaryotic systems, it is not known whether such a process occurs in bacteria. In Vibrio cholerae, antibiotic-induced damage to the load-bearing cell wall promotes increased signaling by the two-component system VxrAB, which stimulates cell wall synthesis. Here we show that changes in mechanical stress within the cell envelope are sufficient to stimulate VxrAB signaling in the absence of antibiotics. We applied mechanical forces to individual bacteria using three distinct loading modalities: extrusion loading within a microfluidic device, direct compression and hydrostatic pressure. In all cases, VxrAB signaling, as indicated by a fluorescent protein reporter, was increased in cells submitted to greater magnitudes of mechanical loading, hence diverse forms of mechanical stimuli activate VxrAB signaling. Reduction in cell envelope stiffness following removal of the endopeptidase ShyA led to large increases in cell envelope deformation and substantially increased VxrAB response, further supporting the responsiveness of VxrAB. Our findings demonstrate a mechanosensitive gene regulatory system in bacteria and suggest that mechanical signals may contribute to the regulation of cell wall homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine E Harper
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Wenyao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Junsung Lee
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Jung-Ho Shin
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Megan R Keller
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Ellen van Wijngaarden
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Emily Chou
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Zhaohong Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Tobias Dörr
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
- Cornell Institute of Host-Microbe Interactions and Disease, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Christopher J Hernandez
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
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11
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Bi CX, Jin KQ, Yan J, Qin Y, Hong F, Huang WH, Liu YL. Nanofiber-based Stretchable Electrodes for Oriented Culture and Mechanotransduction Monitoring of Smooth Muscle Cells. ACS Sens 2023; 8:3248-3256. [PMID: 37581426 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are circumferentially oriented perpendicular to the blood vessel and maintain the contractile phenotype in physiological conditions. They can sense the mechanical forces of blood vessels expanding and contracting and convert them into biochemical signals to regulate vascular homeostasis. However, the real-time monitoring of mechanically evoked biochemical response while maintaining SMC oriented growth remains an important challenge. Herein, we developed a stretchable electrochemical sensor by electrospinning aligned and elastic polyurethane (PU) nanofibers on the surface of PDMS film and further modification of conductive polymer PEDOT:PSS-LiTFSI-CoPc (PPLC) on the nanofibers (denoted as PPLC/PU/PDMS). The aligned nanofibers on the electrode surface could guide the oriented growth of SMCs and maintain the contractile phenotype, and the modification of PPLC endowed the electrode with good electrochemical sensing performance and stability under mechanical deformation. By culturing cells on the electrode surface, the oriented growth of SMCs and real-time monitoring of stretch-induced H2O2 release were achieved. On this basis, the changes of H2O2 level released by SMCs under the pathology (hypertension) and intervention of natural product resveratrol were quantitatively monitored, which will be helpful to further understand the occurrence and development of vascular-related diseases and the mechanisms of pharmaceutical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Xi Bi
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Kai-Qi Jin
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jing Yan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yu Qin
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Feng Hong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wei-Hua Huang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yan-Ling Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Yokoi A, Kawada T, Yokota S, Kakuuchi M, Matsushita H, Nishiura A, Li M, Uemura K, Alexander J, Tanaka R, Saku K. Impact of vericiguat on baroreflex-mediated sympathetic circulatory regulation: An open-loop analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286767. [PMID: 37566583 PMCID: PMC10420376 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To quantify in vivo the effects of the soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulator, vericiguat, on autonomic cardiovascular regulation in comparison with the nitric oxide (NO) donor, sodium nitroprusside. METHODS In anesthetized Wistar-Kyoto rats, baroreflex-mediated changes in sympathetic nerve activity (SNA), arterial pressure (AP), central venous pressure (CVP), and aortic flow (AoF) were examined before and during the intravenous continuous administration (10 μg·kg-1·min-1) of vericiguat or sodium nitroprusside (n = 8 each). Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) was calculated as SVR = (AP-CVP) / AoF. RESULTS Neither vericiguat nor sodium nitroprusside affected fitted parameters of the baroreflex-mediated SNA response. Both vericiguat and sodium nitroprusside decreased the AP mainly through their peripheral effects. Vericiguat halved the slope of the SNA-SVR relationship from 0.012 ± 0.002 to 0.006 ± 0.002 mmHg·min·mL-1·%-1 (P = 0.008), whereas sodium nitroprusside caused a near parallel downward shift in the SNA-SVR relationship with a reduction of the SVR intercept from 1.235 ± 0.187 to 0.851 ± 0.123 mmHg·min/mL (P = 0.008). CONCLUSION Neither vericiguat nor sodium nitroprusside significantly affected the baroreflex-mediated SNA response. The vasodilative effect of vericiguat became greater toward high levels of SNA and AP, possibly reflecting the increased sGC sensitivity to endogenous NO. By contrast, the effect of sodium nitroprusside was more uniform over the range of SNA. These results help better understand cardiovascular effects of vericiguat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimi Yokoi
- Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Kawada
- Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shohei Yokota
- Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Midori Kakuuchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Matsushita
- Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akitsugu Nishiura
- Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Meihua Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazunori Uemura
- Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Joe Alexander
- Medical and Health Informatics, NTT Research, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, United States of America
| | - Ryou Tanaka
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keita Saku
- Department of Cardiovascular Dynamics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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13
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Xu Z, Chen Y, Wang Y, Han W, Xu W, Liao X, Zhang T, Wang G. Matrix stiffness, endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:7027-7041. [PMID: 37382775 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08502-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is the leading cause of the human cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Endothelial dysfunction promotes the monocytes infiltration and inflammation that participate fundamentally in atherogenesis. Endothelial cells (EC) have been recognized as mechanosensitive cells and have different responses to distinct mechanical stimuli. Emerging evidence shows matrix stiffness-mediated EC dysfunction plays a vital role in vascular disease, but the underlying mechanisms are not yet completely understood. This article aims to summarize the effect of matrix stiffness on the pro-atherosclerotic characteristics of EC including morphology, rigidity, biological behavior and function as well as the related mechanical signal. The review also discusses and compares the contribution of matrix stiffness-mediated phagocytosis of macrophages and EC to AS progression. These advances in our understanding of the relationship between matrix stiffness and EC dysfunction open the avenues to improve the prevention and treatment of now-ubiquitous atherosclerotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichen Xu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nano/Micro Biomedical Detection, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Composite Material and Device, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Wenbo Han
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Wenfeng Xu
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nano/Micro Biomedical Detection, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Composite Material and Device, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Xiaoling Liao
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nano/Micro Biomedical Detection, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Composite Material and Device, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nano/Micro Biomedical Detection, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Composite Material and Device, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, China.
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
- Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, NO.174, Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400030, PR China.
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14
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Abokyi S, Ghartey-Kwansah G, Tse DYY. TFEB is a central regulator of the aging process and age-related diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 89:101985. [PMID: 37321382 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Old age is associated with a greater burden of disease, including neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, as well as other chronic diseases. Coincidentally, popular lifestyle interventions, such as caloric restriction, intermittent fasting, and regular exercise, in addition to pharmacological interventions intended to protect against age-related diseases, induce transcription factor EB (TFEB) and autophagy. In this review, we summarize emerging discoveries that point to TFEB activity affecting the hallmarks of aging, including inhibiting DNA damage and epigenetic modifications, inducing autophagy and cell clearance to promote proteostasis, regulating mitochondrial quality control, linking nutrient-sensing to energy metabolism, regulating pro- and anti-inflammatory pathways, inhibiting senescence and promoting cell regenerative capacity. Furthermore, the therapeutic impact of TFEB activation on normal aging and tissue-specific disease development is assessed in the contexts of neurodegeneration and neuroplasticity, stem cell differentiation, immune responses, muscle energy adaptation, adipose tissue browning, hepatic functions, bone remodeling, and cancer. Safe and effective strategies of activating TFEB hold promise as a therapeutic strategy for multiple age-associated diseases and for extending lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Abokyi
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR of China; Research Centre for SHARP Vision, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR of China.
| | - George Ghartey-Kwansah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Dennis Yan-Yin Tse
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR of China; Research Centre for SHARP Vision, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR of China; Centre for Eye and Vision Research, 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR of China.
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15
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Grenier J, David B, Journé C, Cicha I, Letourneur D, Duval H. Perfusion of MC3T3E1 Preosteoblast Spheroids within Polysaccharide-Based Hydrogel Scaffolds: An Experimental and Numerical Study at the Bioreactor Scale. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:849. [PMID: 37508876 PMCID: PMC10376891 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10070849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The traditional 3D culture systems in vitro lack the biological and mechanical spatiotemporal stimuli characteristic to native tissue development. In our study, we combined porous polysaccharide-based hydrogel scaffolds with a bioreactor-type perfusion device that generates favorable mechanical stresses while enhancing nutrient transfers. MC3T3E1 mouse osteoblasts were seeded in the scaffolds and cultivated for 3 weeks under dynamic conditions at a perfusion rate of 10 mL min-1. The spatial distribution of the cells labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles was visualized by MRI. Confocal microscopy was used to assess cell numbers, their distribution inside the scaffolds, cell viability, and proliferation. The oxygen diffusion coefficient in the hydrogel was measured experimentally. Numerical simulations of the flow and oxygen transport within the bioreactor were performed using a lattice Boltzmann method with a two-relaxation time scheme. Last, the influence of cell density and spheroid size on cell oxygenation was investigated. The cells spontaneously organized into spheroids with a diameter of 30-100 μm. Cell viability remained unchanged under dynamic conditions but decreased under static culture. The cell proliferation (Ki67 expression) in spheroids was not observed. The flow simulation showed that the local fluid velocity reached 27 mm s-1 at the height where the cross-sectional area of the flow was the smallest. The shear stress exerted by the fluid on the scaffolds may locally rise to 100 mPa, compared with the average value of 25 mPa. The oxygen diffusion coefficient in the hydrogel was 1.6×10-9 m2 s-1. The simulation of oxygen transport and consumption confirmed that the cells in spheroids did not suffer from hypoxia when the bioreactor was perfused at 10 mL min-1, and suggested the existence of optimal spheroid size and spacing for appropriate oxygenation. Collectively, these findings enabled us to define the optimal conditions inside the bioreactor for an efficient in vitro cell organization and survival in spheroids, which are paramount to future applications with organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Grenier
- Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Laboratoire de Mécanique Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CentraleSupélec, ENS Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Laboratoire de Recherche Vasculaire Translationnelle (LVTS), INSERM U 1148, Université Paris Cité, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Hôpital Bichat, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Bertrand David
- Laboratoire de Mécanique Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CentraleSupélec, ENS Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Clément Journé
- Laboratoire de Recherche Vasculaire Translationnelle (LVTS), INSERM U 1148, Université Paris Cité, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Hôpital Bichat, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Iwona Cicha
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology und Nanomedicine (SEON), Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Didier Letourneur
- Laboratoire de Recherche Vasculaire Translationnelle (LVTS), INSERM U 1148, Université Paris Cité, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Hôpital Bichat, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Hervé Duval
- Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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16
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Peeney D, Fan Y, Gurung S, Lazaroff C, Ratnayake S, Warner A, Karim B, Meerzaman D, Stetler-Stevenson WG. Whole organism profiling of the Timp gene family. Matrix Biol Plus 2023; 18:100132. [PMID: 37095886 PMCID: PMC10121480 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2023.100132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs/Timps) are an endogenous family of widely expressed matrisome-associated proteins that were initially identified as inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase activity (Metzincin family proteases). Consequently, TIMPs are often considered simply as protease inhibitors by many investigators. However, an evolving list of new metalloproteinase-independent functions for TIMP family members suggests that this concept is outdated. These novel TIMP functions include direct agonism/antagonism of multiple transmembrane receptors, as well as functional interactions with matrisome targets. While the family was fully identified over two decades ago, there has yet to be an in-depth study describing the expression of TIMPs in normal tissues of adult mammals. An understanding of the tissues and cell-types that express TIMPs 1 through 4, in both normal and disease states are important to contextualize the growing functional capabilities of TIMP proteins, which are often dismissed as non-canonical. Using publicly available single cell RNA sequencing data from the Tabula Muris Consortium, we analyzed approximately 100,000 murine cells across eighteen tissues from non-diseased organs, representing seventy-three annotated cell types, to define the diversity in Timp gene expression across healthy tissues. We describe the unique expression profiles across tissues and organ-specific cell types that all four Timp genes display. Within annotated cell-types, we identify clear and discrete cluster-specific patterns of Timp expression, particularly in cells of stromal and endothelial origins. RNA in-situ hybridization across four organs expands on the scRNA sequencing analysis, revealing novel compartments associated with individual Timp expression. These analyses emphasize a need for specific studies investigating the functional significance of Timp expression in the identified tissues and cell sub-types. This understanding of the tissues, specific cell types and microenvironment conditions in which Timp genes are expressed adds important physiological context to the growing array of novel functions for TIMP proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Peeney
- Extracellular Matrix Pathology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yu Fan
- Computational Genomics and Bioinformatics Branch, Center for Biomedical Informatics & Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Sadeechya Gurung
- Extracellular Matrix Pathology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carolyn Lazaroff
- Extracellular Matrix Pathology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shashikala Ratnayake
- Computational Genomics and Bioinformatics Branch, Center for Biomedical Informatics & Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Andrew Warner
- Molecular Histopathology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Baktiar Karim
- Molecular Histopathology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Daoud Meerzaman
- Computational Genomics and Bioinformatics Branch, Center for Biomedical Informatics & Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - William G. Stetler-Stevenson
- Extracellular Matrix Pathology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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17
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Mu X, Gerhard-Herman MD, Zhang YS. Building Blood Vessel Chips with Enhanced Physiological Relevance. ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES 2023; 8:2201778. [PMID: 37693798 PMCID: PMC10489284 DOI: 10.1002/admt.202201778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Blood vessel chips are bioengineered microdevices, consisting of biomaterials, human cells, and microstructures, which recapitulate essential vascular structure and physiology and allow a well-controlled microenvironment and spatial-temporal readouts. Blood vessel chips afford promising opportunities to understand molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying a range of vascular diseases. The physiological relevance is key to these blood vessel chips that rely on bioinspired strategies and bioengineering approaches to translate vascular physiology into artificial units. Here, we discuss several critical aspects of vascular physiology, including morphology, material composition, mechanical properties, flow dynamics, and mass transport, which provide essential guidelines and a valuable source of bioinspiration for the rational design of blood vessel chips. We also review state-of-art blood vessel chips that exhibit important physiological features of the vessel and reveal crucial insights into the biological processes and disease pathogenesis, including rare diseases, with notable implications for drug screening and clinical trials. We envision that the advances in biomaterials, biofabrication, and stem cells improve the physiological relevance of blood vessel chips, which, along with the close collaborations between clinicians and bioengineers, enable their widespread utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Mu
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Marie Denise Gerhard-Herman
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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18
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Xie N, Xiao C, Shu Q, Cheng B, Wang Z, Xue R, Wen Z, Wang J, Shi H, Fan D, Liu N, Xu F. Cell response to mechanical microenvironment cues via Rho signaling: From mechanobiology to mechanomedicine. Acta Biomater 2023; 159:1-20. [PMID: 36717048 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical cues in the cell microenvironment such as those from extracellular matrix properties, stretching, compression and shear stress, play a critical role in maintaining homeostasis. Upon sensing mechanical stimuli, cells can translate these external forces into intracellular biochemical signals to regulate their cellular behaviors, but the specific mechanisms of mechanotransduction at the molecular level remain elusive. As a subfamily of the Ras superfamily, Rho GTPases have been recognized as key intracellular mechanotransduction mediators that can regulate multiple cell activities such as proliferation, migration and differentiation as well as biological processes such as cytoskeletal dynamics, metabolism, and organ development. However, the upstream mechanosensors for Rho proteins and downstream effectors that respond to Rho signal activation have not been well illustrated. Moreover, Rho-mediated mechanical signals in previous studies are highly context-dependent. In this review, we systematically summarize the types of mechanical cues in the cell microenvironment and provide recent advances on the roles of the Rho-based mechanotransduction in various cell activities, physiological processes and diseases. Comprehensive insights into the mechanical roles of Rho GTPase partners would open a new paradigm of mechanomedicine for a variety of diseases. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this review, we highlight the critical role of Rho GTPases as signal mediators to respond to physical cues in microenvironment. This article will add a distinct contribution to this set of knowledge by intensively addressing the relationship between Rho signaling and mechanobiology/mechanotransduction/mechanomedcine. This topic has not been discussed by the journal, nor has it yet been developed by the field. The comprehensive picture that will develop, from molecular mechanisms and engineering methods to disease treatment strategies, represents an important and distinct contribution to the field. We hope that this review would help researchers in various fields, especially clinicians, oncologists and bioengineers, who study Rho signal pathway and mechanobiology/mechanotransduction, understand the critical role of Rho GTPase in mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China; The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Cailan Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China; The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Qiuai Shu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Bo Cheng
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China; The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Runxin Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Zhang Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Jinhai Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Haitao Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Daiming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an Shaanxi 710049, China.
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China; The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.
| | - Feng Xu
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China; The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.
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Ojima S, Kubozono T, Kawasoe S, Kawabata T, Salim AA, Ikeda Y, Miyata M, Miyahara H, Tokushige K, Ohishi M. Clinical significance of atherosclerotic risk factors differs in early and advanced stages of plaque formation: A longitudinal study in the general population. Int J Cardiol 2023; 379:111-117. [PMID: 36889648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carotid plaque is a well-known prognostic factor for cardiovascular diseases. It is unclear which risk factors are associated with the transformation of carotid plaque over time. In this longitudinal study, we examined the risk factors related to carotid plaque progression. METHODS We enrolled 738 men without medication (mean age: 55 ± 10 years) who underwent the first and second health examinations. We measured carotid plaque thickness (PT) at three points of the right and left carotid artery. Plaque score (PS) was calculated by summing all the PTs. We divided the PS into three groups: None-group (PS <1.1), Early-group (1.1 ≤ PS <5.1), and Advanced-group (PS ≥5.1). We analyzed the relationship between PS progression and parameters such as age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure (SBP), fasting blood sugar, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and smoking and exercise habits. RESULTS In multivariable logistic regression analysis, age and SBP were independent factors for PS progression from none to early stages (age, OR 1.07, p = 0.002; SBP, 10 mmHg, OR 1.27, p = 0.041). Age, follow-up period and LDL-C were independently associated factors for PS progression from early to advanced stages (age, OR 1.08,p < 0.001; follow-up period OR1.19, p = 0.041; LDL-C, 10 mg/dL, OR 1.10, p = 0.049). CONCLUSIONS SBP was independently associated with the progress of early atherosclerosis, while LDL-C was independently associated with the progression of advanced atherosclerosis in the general population. Further studies are needed to assess whether early control of SBP and LDL-C levels can reduce the occurrence of future cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Ojima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City 890-8544, Japan
| | - Takuro Kubozono
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City 890-8544, Japan.
| | - Shin Kawasoe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City 890-8544, Japan
| | - Takeko Kawabata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City 890-8544, Japan
| | - Anwar Ahmed Salim
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City 890-8544, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Ikeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City 890-8544, Japan
| | - Masaaki Miyata
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City 890-8544, Japan
| | - Hironori Miyahara
- JA Kagoshima Kouseiren Hospital, 1-13-1 Yojiro, Kagoshima City 890-0062, Japan
| | - Koichi Tokushige
- JA Kagoshima Kouseiren Hospital, 1-13-1 Yojiro, Kagoshima City 890-0062, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Ohishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City 890-8544, Japan
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20
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Acute impact of aerobic exercise on local cutaneous thermal hyperaemia. Microvasc Res 2023; 146:104457. [PMID: 36423711 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2022.104457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the acute changes in cutaneous microvascular function that occur in response to exercise, the accumulation of which may provide the basis for beneficial chronic cutaneous vascular adaptations. Therefore, we examined the effects of acute exercise on cutaneous thermal hyperaemia. Twelve healthy, recreationally active participants (11 male, 1 female) performed 30-minute cycling at 50 % (low-intensity exercise, LOW) or 75 % (high-intensity exercise, HIGH) maximum heart rate. Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) and rapid local skin heating were used to quantify cutaneous thermal hyperaemia before (PRE), immediately following (IMM) and 1-h (1HR) after exercise. Baseline, axon reflex peak, axon reflex nadir, plateau, maximum skin blood flow responses to rapid local heating (42 °C for 30-min followed by 44 °C for 15-min) at each stage were assessed and indexed as cutaneous vascular conductance [CVC = flux / mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), PU·mm Hg-1], and expressed as a percentage of maximum (%CVCmax). Exercise increased heart rate (HR), MAP and skin blood flow (all P < 0.001), and to a greater extent during HIGH (all P < 0.001). The axon reflex peak and nadir were increased immediately and 1-h after exercise (all comparisons P < 0.01 vs. PRE), which did not differ between intensities (peak: P = 0.34, axon reflex nadir: P = 0.91). The endothelium-dependent plateau response was slightly elevated after exercise (P = 0.06), with no effect of intensity (P = 0.58) nor any interaction effect (P = 0.55). CONCLUSION: Exercise increases cutaneous microvascular axonal responses to local heating for up to 1-h, suggesting an augmented sensory afferent function post-exercise. Acute exercise may only modestly affect endothelial function in cutaneous microcirculation.
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21
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Agrafiotis E, Mayer C, Grabenwöger M, Zimpfer D, Regitnig P, Mächler H, Holzapfel GA. Global and local stiffening of ex vivo-perfused stented human thoracic aortas: A mock circulation study. Acta Biomater 2023; 161:170-183. [PMID: 36849029 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
The effects of thoracic endovascular repair (TEVAR) on the biomechanical properties of aortic tissue have not been adequately studied. Understanding these features is important for the management of endograft-triggered complications of a biomechanical nature. This study aims to examine how stent-graft implantation affects the elastomechanical behavior of the aorta. Non-pathological human thoracic aortas (n=10) were subjected to long-standing perfusion (8h) within a mock circulation loop under physiological conditions. To quantify compliance and its mismatch in the test periods without and with a stent, the aortic pressure and the proximal cyclic circumferential displacement were measured. After perfusion, biaxial tension tests (stress-stretch) were carried out to examine the stiffness profiles between non-stented and stented tissue, followed by a histological assessment. Experimental evidence shows: (i) a significant reduction in aortic distensibility after TEVAR, indicating aortic stiffening and compliance mismatch, (ii) a stiffer behavior of the stented samples compared to the non-stented samples with an earlier entry into the nonlinear part of the stress-stretch curve and (iii) strut-induced histological remodeling of the aortic wall. The biomechanical and histological comparison of the non-stented and stented aortas provides new insights into the interaction between the stent-graft and the aortic wall. The knowledge gained could refine the stent-graft design to minimize the stent-induced impacts on the aortic wall and the resulting complications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Stent-related cardiovascular complications occur the moment the stent-graft expands on the human aortic wall. Clinicians base their diagnosis on the anatomical morphology of CT scans while neglecting the endograft-triggered biomechanical events that compromise aortic compliance and wall mechanotransduction. Experimental replication of endovascular repair in cadaver aortas within a mock circulation loop may have a catalytic effect on biomechanical and histological findings without an ethical barrier. Demonstrating interactions between the stent and the wall can help clinicians make a broader diagnosis such as ECG-triggered oversizing and stent-graft characteristics based on patient-specific anatomical location and age. In addition, the results can be used to optimize towards more aortophilic stent grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Mayer
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Grabenwöger
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Clinic Floridsdorf, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Zimpfer
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Regitnig
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Heinrich Mächler
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Gerhard A Holzapfel
- Institute of Biomechanics, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria; Department of Structural Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
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22
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Yasuda K, Okada K, Sugimura N, Yano R. Do Tapping and Massaging during Tourniquet Application Promote Dilation of Forearm Cutaneous Veins? A Pilot Quasi-Experimental Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11040522. [PMID: 36833056 PMCID: PMC9956355 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11040522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful insertion of a peripheral intravenous catheterization requires that veins be sufficiently dilated. This study aimed to clarify the venous dilation effect of including tapping or massaging to the application of a tourniquet at the cutaneous veins of healthy adults' forearms. This was a quasi-experimental study of 30 healthy adult volunteers. Each participant underwent all three venous dilation procedures, which included the tourniquet application (Control condition), the tourniquet application and tapping the participant's forearm (Tapping condition), as well as the tourniquet application combined with massaging the participant's forearm (Massage condition). To clarify the venous dilation effects, venous indices were measured, namely the venous diameter (mm), depth (mm), and palpation score. After applying all venous dilation procedures, the venous diameter and palpation score significantly increased. However, no significant difference was observed between the control condition and each intervention condition. The depth in the control and tapping conditions decreased significantly in contrast to the Massage condition. Moreover, a subgroup (nine participants with a venous diameter less than 3 mm after the control condition) had similar results. This study found that additional tapping or massaging after tourniquet application could be less effective in promoting dilation in the forearm veins of healthy adults. Future studies should examine the efficacy and effectiveness of venous dilation in a wide target population while considering intervention methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kae Yasuda
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kazunori Okada
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Japan Healthcare University, Sapporo 062-0053, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Naotaka Sugimura
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Rika Yano
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Hokkaido, Japan
- Correspondence:
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23
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Allen BJ, Frye H, Ramanathan R, Caggiano LR, Tabima DM, Chesler NC, Philip JL. Biomechanical and Mechanobiological Drivers of the Transition From PostCapillary Pulmonary Hypertension to Combined Pre-/PostCapillary Pulmonary Hypertension. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e028121. [PMID: 36734341 PMCID: PMC9973648 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.028121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Combined pre-/postcapillary pulmonary hypertension (Cpc-PH), a complication of left heart failure, is associated with higher mortality rates than isolated postcapillary pulmonary hypertension alone. Currently, knowledge gaps persist on the mechanisms responsible for the progression of isolated postcapillary pulmonary hypertension (Ipc-PH) to Cpc-PH. Here, we review the biomechanical and mechanobiological impact of left heart failure on pulmonary circulation, including mechanotransduction of these pathological forces, which lead to altered biological signaling and detrimental remodeling, driving the progression to Cpc-PH. We focus on pathologically increased cyclic stretch and decreased wall shear stress; mechanotransduction by endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and pulmonary arterial fibroblasts; and signaling-stimulated remodeling of the pulmonary veins, capillaries, and arteries that propel the transition from Ipc-PH to Cpc-PH. Identifying biomechanical and mechanobiological mechanisms of Cpc-PH progression may highlight potential pharmacologic avenues to prevent right heart failure and subsequent mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty J. Allen
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWI
| | - Hailey Frye
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWI
| | - Rasika Ramanathan
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWI
| | - Laura R. Caggiano
- Edwards Lifesciences Foundation Cardiovascular Innovation and Research Center and Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCA
| | - Diana M. Tabima
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWI
| | - Naomi C. Chesler
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWI
- Edwards Lifesciences Foundation Cardiovascular Innovation and Research Center and Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCA
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24
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Tilahun HG, Mullagura HN, Humphrey JD, Baek S. A Biochemomechanical Model of Collagen Turnover in Arterial Adaptations to Hemodynamic Loading. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2535591. [PMID: 36798195 PMCID: PMC9934758 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2535591/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The production, removal, and remodeling of fibrillar collagen is fundamental to arterial homeostasis, including dynamic morphological and microstructural changes that occur in response to sustained changes in blood flow and pressure under physiological conditions. These dynamic processes involve complex, coupled biological, chemical, and mechanical mechanisms that are not completely understood. Nevertheless, recent simulations using constrained mixture models with phenomenologically motivated constitutive relations have demonstrated a capability to predict salient features of the progression of certain vascular adaptations and disease processes. Collagen turnover is modeled, in part, via stress-dependent changes in collagen half-life, typically taken within the range of 10â€"70 days. By contrast, in this work we introduce a biochemomechanical approach to model the cellular synthesis of procollagen as well as its transition from an intermediate state of assembled microfibrils to mature cross-linked fibers, with mechano-regulated removal. The resulting model can simulate temporal changes in geometry, composition, and stress during early vascular adaptation (weeks to months) for modest changes in blood flow or pressure. It is shown that these simulations capture salient features from data presented in the literature from different animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailu G. Tilahun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Haritha N. Mullagura
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jay D. Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Seungik Baek
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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25
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Wang C, Xu H, Liao X, Wang W, Wu W, Li W, Niu L, Li Z, Li A, Sun Y, Huang W, Song F. Hypertension Promotes the Proliferation and Migration of ccRCC Cells by Downregulation of TIMP3 in Tumor Endothelial Cells through the miR-21-5p/TGFBR2/P38/EGR1 Axis. Mol Cancer Res 2023; 21:62-75. [PMID: 36125433 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-22-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that hypertension correlates with tumorigenesis and prognosis of clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC); however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. By analyzing bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing data and experimental examining of surgical excised ccRCC samples, we found that tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases 3 (TIMP3), a pivotal paracrine factor in suppressing tumor progression, was significantly reduced in the tumor endothelial cells of patients with hypertensive ccRCC. Besides, in tumor xenograft of NCG mouse model, compared with saline normotensive group the expression of TIMP3 was significantly decreased in the angiotensin II-induced hypertension group. Treating human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) with the plasma of patients with hypertensive ccRCC and miR-21-5p, elevated in the plasma of patients with hypertensive ccRCC, reduced the expression of TIMP3 compared with normotensive and control littermates. We also found that the inhibition of TIMP3 expression by miR-21-5p was not through directly targeting at 3'UTR of TIMP3 but through suppressing the expression of TGFβ receptor 2 (TGFBR2). In addition, the knockout of TGFBR2 reduced TIMP3 expression in HUVECs through P38/EGR1 (early growth response protein 1) signaling axis. Moreover, via coculture of ccRCC cell lines with HUVECs and mouse tumor xenograft model, we discovered that the TIMP3 could suppress the proliferation and migration of ccRCC. IMPLICATIONS Overall, our findings shed new light on the role of hypertension in promoting the progression of ccRCC and provide a potential therapeutic target for patients with ccRCC with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Haibo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Reprogramming Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinhui Liao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Tumor, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Reprogramming Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wanjun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Reprogramming Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wujiao Li
- Clinical laboratory, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Liman Niu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Reprogramming Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhichao Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Reprogramming Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Aolin Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Reprogramming Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yangyang Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiren Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Reprogramming Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Fei Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Reprogramming Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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26
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Mei J, Ding W, Yu H, Zhao X, Xu H, Wang K, Jia Z, Li B. Different hemodynamic factors cause the occurrence of superior mesenteric atherosclerotic stenosis and superior mesenteric artery dissection. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1121224. [PMID: 37144058 PMCID: PMC10151904 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1121224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To compare the hemodynamic factors involved in the occurrence of superior mesenteric atherosclerotic stenosis (SMAS) and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) dissection (SMAD). Methods Hospital records were searched to identify consecutive patients who were diagnosed with SMAS or SMAD between January 2015 and December 2021. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation method was used to assess the hemodynamic factors of the SMA in these patients. Histologic analysis was also performed on SMA specimens obtained from 10 cadavers, and scanning electron microscopy was used to evaluate collagen microstructure. Results A total of 124 patients with SMAS and 61 patients with SMAD were included. Most SMASs were circumferentially distributed at the SMA root, whereas the origin of most SMADs was located on the anterior wall of the curved segment of the SMA. Vortex, higher turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), and lower wall shear stress (WSS) were observed near plaques; higher TKE and WSS were seen near dissection origins. The intima in the SMA root (388.5 ± 202.3 µm) was thicker than in the curved (243.8 ± 100.5 µm; p = .007) and distal (183.7 ± 88.0 µm; p < .001) segments. The media in the anterior wall (353.1 ± 37.6 µm) was thinner than that in the posterior wall (473.7 ± 142.8 µm; p = .02) in the curved segment of the SMA. The gaps in the lamellar structure in the SMA root were larger than in the curved and distal segments. The collagen microstructure was more substantially disturbed in the anterior wall than in the posterior wall in the curved segment of the SMA. Conclusion Different hemodynamic factors in different portions of the SMA are related to local pathological changes in the SMA wall and may lead to the occurrence of SMAS or SMAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Mei
- Department of Interventional and Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Wei Ding
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxin, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Department of Interventional and Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xi Zhao
- Central Research Institute, United Imaging Healthcare, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoran Xu
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Interventional and Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Zhongzhi Jia
- Department of Interventional and Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
- Correspondence: Zhongzhi Jia Benling Li
| | - Benling Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
- Correspondence: Zhongzhi Jia Benling Li
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27
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Kim JS, Oh S, Jeong MH, Sohn SJ. Impact of Comorbid Disease Burden on Clinical Outcomes of Female Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients. Chonnam Med J 2023; 59:61-69. [PMID: 36794246 PMCID: PMC9900217 DOI: 10.4068/cmj.2023.59.1.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to the paucity of information on the clinical outcomes in female patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in relation to the comorbid disease burden, we explored the differences in their clinical outcomes and identified predictive indicators. A total of 3,419 female AMI patients were stratified into two groups: Group A (those with zero or one comorbid diseases) (n=1,983) and Group B (those with two to five comorbid diseases) (n=1,436). Five comorbid conditions were considered: hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, prior coronary artery disease, and prior cerebrovascular accidents. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs). The incidence of MACCEs was higher in Group B than in Group A in both the unadjusted and propensity score-matched data. Among the comorbid conditions, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and prior coronary artery disease were found to be independently associated with an increased incidence of MACCEs. Higher comorbid disease burden was positively associated with adverse outcomes in the female population with AMI. Since both hypertension and diabetes mellitus are modifiable and independent predictors of adverse outcomes after AMI, it may be necessary to focus on the optimal management of blood pressure and glucose levels to improve cardiovascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Shim Kim
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.,The Heart Center of Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seok Oh
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.,The Heart Center of Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Myung Ho Jeong
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.,The Heart Center of Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.,Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seok-Joon Sohn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
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28
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Abstract
Oral and maxillofacial organoids, as three-dimensional study models of organs, have attracted increasing attention in tissue regeneration and disease modeling. However, traditional strategies for organoid construction still fail to precisely recapitulate the key characteristics of real organs, due to the difficulty in controlling the self-organization of cells in vitro. This review aims to summarize the recent progress of novel approaches to engineering oral and maxillofacial organoids. First, we introduced the necessary components and their roles in forming oral and maxillofacial organoids. Besides, we discussed cutting-edge technology in advancing the architecture and function of organoids, especially focusing on oral and maxillofacial tissue regeneration via novel strategy with designed cell-signal scaffold compounds. Finally, current limitations and future prospects of oral and maxillofacial organoids were represented to provide guidance for further disciplinary progression and clinical application to achieve organ regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Implantology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yao Sun
- Department of Implantology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai 200040, China,Corresponding author
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29
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Abbas K, Lu Y, Bavishi S, Mishra N, TomThundyil S, Sawant SA, Shahjouei S, Abedi V, Zand R. A Simple Review of Small Vessel Disease Manifestation in the Brain, Retina, and Kidneys. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11195546. [PMID: 36233417 PMCID: PMC9573636 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11195546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Small blood vessels express specific phenotypical and functional characteristics throughout the body. Alterations in the microcirculation contribute to many correlated physiological and pathological events in related organs. Factors such as comorbidities and genetics contribute to the complexity of this topic. Small vessel disease primarily affects end organs that receive significant cardiac output, such as the brain, kidney, and retina. Despite the differences in location, concurrent changes are seen in the micro-vasculature of the brain, retina, and kidneys under pathological conditions due to their common histological, functional, and embryological characteristics. While the cardiovascular basis of pathology in association with the brain, retina, or kidneys has been well documented, this is a simple review that uniquely considers the relationship between all three organs and highlights the prevalence of coexisting end organ injuries in an attempt to elucidate connections between the brain, retina, and kidneys, which has the potential to transform diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinza Abbas
- School of Medicine, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA 18510, USA
| | - Yezhong Lu
- School of Medicine, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA 18510, USA
| | - Shreya Bavishi
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Nandini Mishra
- School of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Saumya TomThundyil
- School of Medicine, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
| | - Shreeya Atul Sawant
- School of Medicine, Midwestern University Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
| | - Shima Shahjouei
- Department of Neurology, Geisinger Neuroscience Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA 17822, USA
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Vida Abedi
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Ramin Zand
- Department of Neurology, Geisinger Neuroscience Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA 17822, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-800-275-6401
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Batta SPR, Rio M, Lebot C, Baron-menguy C, Le Ruz R, Loirand G, Vion A. ARHGEF18 participates in Endothelial Cell Mechano-sensitivity in Response to Flow.. [DOI: 10.1101/2022.09.10.507283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
AbstractHemodynamic forces play an important role in vascular network development and homeostasis. In physiological condition, shear stress generated by laminar flow promotes endothelial cells (EC) health and induces their alignment in the direction of flow. In contrast, altered hemodynamic forces induce endothelial dysfunction and lead to the development of vascular disorders such as atherosclerosis and aneurysms. Following mechano-sensor activation, Rho protein-mediated cytoskeletal rearrangement is one of the first steps in transforming flow-induced forces into intracellular signals in EC via guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RhoGEFs) that mediate the spatio-temporal activation of these Rho proteins. Here we identified ARHGEF18 as a flow-sensitive RhoGEF specifically activating RhoA. Both ARHGEF18 expression and activity were controlled by shear stress level. ARHGEF18 promotes EC adhesion, focal adhesion formation and migration. ARHGEF18 localized to the tight junction by interacting with ZO-1 and participated to shear stress-induced EC elongation and alignment via its nucleotide exchange activity and the activation of p38 MAPK. Our study therefore characterized ARHGEF18 as the first flow-sensitive RhoA GEF in ECs, whose activity is essential for the maintenance of intercellular junctions and a properly organized endothelial monolayer under physiological flow conditions.
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Small Diameter Cell-Free Tissue-Engineered Vascular Grafts: Biomaterials and Manufacture Techniques to Reach Suitable Mechanical Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173440. [PMID: 36080517 PMCID: PMC9460130 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular grafts (VGs) are medical devices intended to replace the function of a blood vessel. Available VGs in the market present low patency rates for small diameter applications setting the VG failure. This event arises from the inadequate response of the cells interacting with the biomaterial in the context of operative conditions generating chronic inflammation and a lack of regenerative signals where stenosis or aneurysms can occur. Tissue Engineered Vascular grafts (TEVGs) aim to induce the regeneration of the native vessel to overcome these limitations. Besides the biochemical stimuli, the biomaterial and the particular micro and macrostructure of the graft will determine the specific behavior under pulsatile pressure. The TEVG must support blood flow withstanding the exerted pressure, allowing the proper compliance required for the biomechanical stimulation needed for regeneration. Although the international standards outline the specific requirements to evaluate vascular grafts, the challenge remains in choosing the proper biomaterial and manufacturing TEVGs with good quality features to perform satisfactorily. In this review, we aim to recognize the best strategies to reach suitable mechanical properties in cell-free TEVGs according to the reported success of different approaches in clinical trials and pre-clinical trials.
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Flournoy J, Ashkanani S, Chen Y. Mechanical regulation of signal transduction in angiogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:933474. [PMID: 36081909 PMCID: PMC9447863 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.933474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biophysical and biochemical cues work in concert to regulate angiogenesis. These cues guide angiogenesis during development and wound healing. Abnormal cues contribute to pathological angiogenesis during tumor progression. In this review, we summarize the known signaling pathways involved in mechanotransduction important to angiogenesis. We discuss how variation in the mechanical microenvironment, in terms of stiffness, ligand availability, and topography, can modulate the angiogenesis process. We also present an integrated view on how mechanical perturbations, such as stretching and fluid shearing, alter angiogenesis-related signal transduction acutely, leading to downstream gene expression. Tissue engineering-based approaches to study angiogenesis are reviewed too. Future directions to aid the efforts in unveiling the comprehensive picture of angiogenesis are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Flournoy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Institute for NanoBio Technology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Shahad Ashkanani
- Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Institute for NanoBio Technology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Institute for NanoBio Technology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Yun Chen,
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Chen J, Miao J, Zhou D, Liao J, Wang Z, Lin Z, Zhang C, Luo X, Li Y, Li X, Liu S, Xing Y, Zhang Z, Zhao M, Parmisano S, Chen Y, Yuan JXJ, Yang K, Sun D, Wang J. Upregulation of mechanosensitive channel Piezo1 involved in high shear stress-induced pulmonary hypertension. Thromb Res 2022; 218:52-63. [PMID: 35988445 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Piezo1 is an important mechanosensitive channel implicated in vascular remodeling. However, the role of Piezo1 in different types of vascular cells during the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH) induced by high shear stress is largely unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used a rat PH model established by left pulmonary artery ligation (LPAL, for 2-5 weeks), which mimics the high flow and hemodynamic stress, to study Piezo1 contribution to pulmonary vascular remodeling. RESULTS Right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), a surrogate measure for pulmonary arterial systolic pressure, and right ventricular wall thickness, a measure for right ventricular hypertrophy, were significantly increased in LPAL rats compared with Sham-control (SHAM) rats. Rats in LPAL-5w groups developed remarkable pulmonary vascular remodeling, while phenylephrine-induced contraction and acetylcholine-induced relaxation were both significantly inhibited in these rats. Upregulation of Piezo1, in association with increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt), was observed in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) from LPAL-2w and LPAL-5w rats in comparison to the SHAM controls. Piezo1 upregulation in PASMCs from LPAL rats was directly related to Yes-associated protein (YAP)/ TEA domain transcription factor 4 (TEAD4). Piezo1 expression was also upregulated in the whole-lung tissue of LPAL rats. The endothelial upregulation of Piezo1 was related to transcriptional regulation by RELA (p65) and lung inflammation. CONCLUSION The upregulation of Piezo1 in both PASMCs and ECs coordinates with each other via different cell signaling pathways to cause pulmonary vascular remodeling in LPAL-PH rats, providing novel insights into the cell-type specific pathogenic roles of Piezo1 in shear stress-associated experimental PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jinrui Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Inner Mongolia People's Hospital Key Laboratory of National Health Commission for the Diagnosis & Treatment of COPD, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Dansha Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ziying Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chenting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoyun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Inner Mongolia People's Hospital Key Laboratory of National Health Commission for the Diagnosis & Treatment of COPD, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiyun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zizhou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Manjia Zhao
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sophia Parmisano
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yuqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Dejun Sun
- Inner Mongolia People's Hospital Key Laboratory of National Health Commission for the Diagnosis & Treatment of COPD, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Effects of Pulsatile Flow Rate and Shunt Ratio in Bifurcated Distal Arteries on Hemodynamic Characteristics Involved in Two Patient-Specific Internal Carotid Artery Sidewall Aneurysms: A Numerical Study. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9070326. [PMID: 35877376 PMCID: PMC9311626 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9070326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The pulsatile flow rate (PFR) in the cerebral artery system and shunt ratios in bifurcated arteries are two patient-specific parameters that may affect the hemodynamic characteristics in the pathobiology of cerebral aneurysms, which needs to be identified comprehensively. Accordingly, a systematic study was employed to study the effects of pulsatile flow rate (i.e., PFR−I, PFR−II, and PFR−III) and shunt ratio (i.e., 75:25 and 64:36) in bifurcated distal arteries, and transient cardiac pulsatile waveform on hemodynamic patterns in two internal carotid artery sidewall aneurysm models using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling. Numerical results indicate that larger PFRs can cause higher wall shear stress (WSS) in some local regions of the aneurysmal dome that may increase the probability of small/secondary aneurysm generation than under smaller PFRs. The low WSS and relatively high oscillatory shear index (OSI) could appear under a smaller PFR, increasing the potential risk of aneurysmal sac growth and rupture. However, the variances in PFRs and bifurcated shunt ratios have rare impacts on the time-average pressure (TAP) distributions on the aneurysmal sac, although a higher PFR can contribute more to the pressure increase in the ICASA−1 dome due to the relatively stronger impingement by the redirected bloodstream than in ICASA−2. CFD simulations also show that the variances of shunt ratios in bifurcated distal arteries have rare impacts on the hemodynamic characteristics in the sacs, mainly because the bifurcated location is not close enough to the sac in present models. Furthermore, it has been found that the vortex location plays a major role in the temporal and spatial distribution of the WSS on the luminal wall, varying significantly with the cardiac period.
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Roest I, Hajiyavand AM, Bongers MY, Mijatovic V, Mol BWJ, Koks CAM, Dearn KD. What is the fertility-enhancing effect of tubal flushing? A hypothesis article. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2022; 42:1619-1625. [DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2022.2054679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inez Roest
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Máxima MC, Veldhoven, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Grow Research School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Amir M. Hajiyavand
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Mechanical Innovation and Tribology Group, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Marlies Y. Bongers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Máxima MC, Veldhoven, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Grow Research School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Velja Mijatovic
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ben Willem J. Mol
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Monash, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Carolien A. M. Koks
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Máxima MC, Veldhoven, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Karl D. Dearn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Mechanical Innovation and Tribology Group, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Cross-sectional metabolic subgroups and 10-year follow-up of cardiometabolic multimorbidity in the UK Biobank. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8590. [PMID: 35597771 PMCID: PMC9124207 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12198-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We assigned 329,908 UK Biobank participants into six subgroups based on a self-organizing map of 51 biochemical measures (blinded for clinical outcomes). The subgroup with the most favorable metabolic traits was chosen as the reference. Hazard ratios (HR) for incident disease were modeled by Cox regression. Enrichment ratios (ER) of incident multi-morbidity versus randomly expected co-occurrence were evaluated by permutation tests; ER is like HR but captures co-occurrence rather than event frequency. The subgroup with high urinary excretion without kidney stress (HR = 1.24) and the subgroup with the highest apolipoprotein B and blood pressure (HR = 1.52) were associated with ischemic heart disease (IHD). The subgroup with kidney stress, high adiposity and inflammation was associated with IHD (HR = 2.11), cancer (HR = 1.29), dementia (HR = 1.70) and mortality (HR = 2.12). The subgroup with high liver enzymes and triglycerides was at risk of diabetes (HR = 15.6). Multimorbidity was enriched in metabolically favorable subgroups (3.4 ≤ ER ≤ 4.0) despite lower disease burden overall; the relative risk of co-occurring disease was higher in the absence of obvious metabolic dysfunction. These results provide synergistic insight into metabolic health and its associations with cardiovascular disease in a large population sample.
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Metabolic regulation and dysregulation of endothelial small conductance calcium activated potassium channels. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Dasagrandhi D, Muthuswamy A, Swaminathan JK. Atherosclerosis: nexus of vascular dynamics and cellular cross talks. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:571-584. [PMID: 34845570 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04307-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the foremost cause of mortality worldwide. Atherosclerosis is the underlying pathology behind CVDs. Atherosclerosis is manifested predominantly by lipid deposition, plaque formation, and inflammation in vascular intima. Initiation and progression of plaque require many years. With aging, atherosclerotic plaques become vulnerable. Localization of these plaques in the coronary artery leads to myocardial infarction. A complete understanding of the pathophysiology of this multifaceted disease is necessary to achieve the clinical goal to provide early diagnosis and the best therapeutics. The triggering factors of atherosclerosis are biomechanical forces, hyperlipidemia, and chronic inflammatory response. The current review focuses on crucial determinants involved in the disease, such as location, hemodynamic factors, oxidation of low-density lipoproteins, and the role of endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and immune cells, and better therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Dasagrandhi
- Drug Discovery and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, India
| | - Anusuyadevi Muthuswamy
- Molecular Neurogerontology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, India
| | - Jayachandran Kesavan Swaminathan
- Drug Discovery and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, India.
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The venous system during pregnancy. Part 1: physiologic considerations on the venous system. Int J Obstet Anesth 2022; 50:103273. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2022.103273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Hu Q, Nelson TJ, Seymour RS. Morphology of the nutrient artery and its foramen in relation to femoral bone perfusion rates of laying and non-laying hens. J Anat 2022; 240:94-106. [PMID: 34405399 PMCID: PMC8655192 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
If arteries penetrate bones through foramina, regional artery blood flow rates can be estimated from the foramen sizes. Femoral bone blood flow rates estimated from nutrient foramen sizes were previously not absolute, but only a relative blood flow index (Qi ), because the size relationship between the foramen and the occupying artery was unknown. The current study used vascular contrast and micro-computerized tomographic scanning to investigate femoral nutrient foramen and nutrient artery sizes in three groups of sub-adult chickens (non-laying hens, laying hens, and roosters) of similar ages. The results indicate that the cross-sectional area of the nutrient artery lumen occupies approximately 20.2 ± 4.1% of the foramen for femora with only one foramen. Artery lumen size is significantly correlated with foramen size. Vascular contrast imaging is capable of estimating blood flow rates through nutrient arteries, as blood flow rates estimated from artery lumen casts are similar to blood flow rates measured by infusion of fluorescent-labeled microspheres. Laying hens tend to have higher nutrient artery perfusion rates than non-laying hens, probably due to extra oxygen and calcium requirements for eggshell production, although the calculated blood flow difference was not statistically significant. Histological embedding and sectioning along with vascular contrast imaging reveal variable nutrient foramen morphology and nutrient artery location among femora with more than one nutrient foramen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaohui Hu
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Thomas J. Nelson
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Roger S. Seymour
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
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41
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Winkelman MA, Kim DY, Kakarla S, Grath A, Silvia N, Dai G. Interstitial flow enhances the formation, connectivity, and function of 3D brain microvascular networks generated within a microfluidic device. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 22:170-192. [PMID: 34881385 PMCID: PMC9257897 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00605c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The bulk flow of interstitial fluid through tissue is an important factor in human biology, including the development of brain microvascular networks (MVNs) with the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Bioengineering perfused, functional brain MVNs has great potential for modeling neurovascular diseases and drug delivery. However, most in vitro models of brain MVNs do not implement interstitial flow during the generation of microvessels. Using a microfluidic device (MFD), we cultured primary human brain endothelial cells (BECs), pericytes, and astrocytes within a 3D fibrin matrix with (flow) and without (static) interstitial flow. We found that the bulk flow of interstitial fluid was beneficial for both BEC angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. Brain MVNs cultured under flow conditions achieved anastomosis and were perfusable, whereas those under static conditions lacked connectivity and the ability to be perfused. Compared to static culture, microvessels developed in flow culture exhibited an enhanced vessel area, branch length and diameter, connectivity, and longevity. Although there was no change in pericyte coverage of microvessels, a slight increase in astrocyte coverage was observed under flow conditions. In addition, the immunofluorescence intensity of basal lamina proteins, collagen IV and laminin, was nearly doubled in flow culture. Lastly, the barrier function of brain microvessels was enhanced under flow conditions, as demonstrated by decreased dextran permeability. Taken together, these results highlighted the importance of interstitial flow in the in vitro generation of perfused brain MVNs with characteristics similar to those of the human BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max A Winkelman
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, 805 Columbus Ave, ISEC 224, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Diana Y Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, 805 Columbus Ave, ISEC 224, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Shravani Kakarla
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, 805 Columbus Ave, ISEC 224, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Alexander Grath
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, 805 Columbus Ave, ISEC 224, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Nathaniel Silvia
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, 805 Columbus Ave, ISEC 224, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Guohao Dai
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, 805 Columbus Ave, ISEC 224, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Hamza A, Amit J, Elizabeth L E, Medha M P, Michael D C, Wendy F L. Ion channel mediated mechanotransduction in immune cells. CURRENT OPINION IN SOLID STATE & MATERIALS SCIENCE 2021; 25. [PMID: 35645593 PMCID: PMC9131931 DOI: 10.1016/j.cossms.2021.100951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The immune system performs critical functions to defend against invading pathogens and maintain tissue homeostasis. Immune cells reside within or are recruited to a host of mechanically active tissues throughout the body and, as a result, are exposed to varying types and degrees of mechanical stimuli. Despite their abundance in such tissues, the role of mechanical stimuli in influencing immune cell function and the molecular mechanisms responsible for mechanics-mediated changes are still poorly understood. The recent emergence of mechanically-gated ion channels, particularly Piezo1, has provided an exciting avenue of research within the fields of mechanobiology and immunology. Numerous studies have identified roles for mechanically-gated ion channels in mechanotransduction within various different cell types, with a few recent studies in immune cells. These initial studies provide strong evidence that mechanically-gated ion channels play pivotal roles in regulating the immune system. In this review, we discuss characteristics of ion channel mediated force transduction, review the current techniques used to quantify and visualize ion channel activity in response to mechanical stimuli, and finally we provide an overview of recent studies examining the role of mechanically-gated ion channels in modulating immune cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atcha Hamza
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
- The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Jairaman Amit
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Evans Elizabeth L
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Pathak Medha M
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Cahalan Michael D
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Liu Wendy F
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
- The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
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Zhang X, Gao F. Exercise improves vascular health: Role of mitochondria. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 177:347-359. [PMID: 34748911 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Vascular mitochondria constantly integrate signals from environment and respond accordingly to match vascular function to metabolic requirements of the organ tissues, while mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to vascular aging and pathologies such as atherosclerosis, stenosis, and hypertension. As an effective lifestyle intervention, exercise induces extensive mitochondrial adaptations through vascular mechanical stress and the increased production and release of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide that activate multiple intracellular signaling pathways, among which peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) plays a critical role. PGC-1α coordinates mitochondrial quality control mechanisms to maintain a healthy mitochondrial pool and promote endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity in vasculature. The mitochondrial adaptations to exercise improve bioenergetics, balance redox status, protect endothelial cells against detrimental insults, increase vascular plasticity, and ameliorate aging-related vascular dysfunction, thus benefiting vascular health. This review highlights recent findings of mitochondria as a central hub integrating exercise-afforded vascular benefits and its underlying mechanisms. A better understanding of the mitochondrial adaptations to exercise will not only shed light on the mechanisms of exercise-induced cardiovascular protection, but may also provide new clues to mitochondria-oriented precise exercise prescriptions for cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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Swiatlowska P, Iskratsch T. Tools for studying and modulating (cardiac muscle) cell mechanics and mechanosensing across the scales. Biophys Rev 2021; 13:611-623. [PMID: 34765044 PMCID: PMC8553672 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00837-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes generate force for the contraction of the heart to pump blood into the lungs and body. At the same time, they are exquisitely tuned to the mechanical environment and react to e.g. changes in cell and extracellular matrix stiffness or altered stretching due to reduced ejection fraction in heart disease, by adapting their cytoskeleton, force generation and cell mechanics. Both mechanical sensing and cell mechanical adaptations are multiscale processes. Receptor interactions with the extracellular matrix at the nanoscale will lead to clustering of receptors and modification of the cytoskeleton. This in turn alters mechanosensing, force generation, cell and nuclear stiffness and viscoelasticity at the microscale. Further, this affects cell shape, orientation, maturation and tissue integration at the microscale to macroscale. A variety of tools have been developed and adapted to measure cardiomyocyte receptor-ligand interactions and forces or mechanics at the different ranges, resulting in a wealth of new information about cardiomyocyte mechanobiology. Here, we take stock at the different tools for exploring cardiomyocyte mechanosensing and cell mechanics at the different scales from the nanoscale to microscale and macroscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Swiatlowska
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Thomas Iskratsch
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Horn AG, Kunkel ON, Baumfalk DR, Simon ME, Schulze KM, Hsu WW, Muller-Delp J, Poole DC, Behnke BJ. Prolonged mechanical ventilation increases diaphragm arteriole circumferential stretch without changes in stress/stretch: Implications for the pathogenesis of ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction. Microcirculation 2021; 28:e12727. [PMID: 34467606 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prolonged mechanical ventilation (MV; ≥6 h) results in large, time-dependent reductions in diaphragmatic blood flow and shear stress. We tested the hypothesis that MV would impair the structural and material properties (ie, increased stress/stretch relation and/or circumferential stretch) of first-order arterioles (1A) from the medial costal diaphragm. METHODS Shear stress was estimated from isolated arterioles and prior blood flow data from the diaphragm during spontaneous breathing (SB) and prolonged MV (6 h MV). Thereafter, female Sprague-Dawley rats (~5 months) were randomly divided into two groups, SB (n = 6) and 6 h MV (n = 6). Following SB and 6 h MV, 1A medial costal diaphragm arterioles were isolated, cannulated, and subjected to stepwise (0-140 cmH2 O) increases in intraluminal pressure in calcium-free Ringer's solution. Inner diameter and wall thickness were measured at each pressure step and used to calculate wall:lumen ratio, Cauchy-stress, and circumferential stretch. RESULTS Compared to SB, there was a ~90% reduction in arteriolar shear stress with prolonged MV (9 ± 2 vs 78 ± 20 dynes/cm2 ; p ≤ .05). In the unloaded condition (0 cmH2 O), the arteriolar intraluminal diameter was reduced (37 ± 8 vs 79 ± 13 μm) and wall:lumen ratio was increased (120 ± 18 vs 46 ± 10%) compared to SB (p ≤ .05). There were no differences in the passive diameter responses or the circumferential stress/stretch relationship between groups (p > .05), but at each pressure step, circumferential stretch was increased with 6 h MV vs SB (p ≤ .05). CONCLUSION During prolonged MV, medial costal diaphragm arteriolar shear stress is severely diminished. Despite no change in the material behavior (stress/stretch), prolonged MV resulted in altered structural and mechanical properties (ie, elevated circumferential stretch) of medial costal diaphragm arterioles. This provides important novel mechanistic insights into the impaired diaphragm blood flow capacity and vascular dysfunction following prolonged MV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Horn
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Olivia N Kunkel
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Dryden R Baumfalk
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Mikaela E Simon
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Kiana M Schulze
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Wei-Wen Hsu
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformations, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Judy Muller-Delp
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - David C Poole
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Bradley J Behnke
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
- Johnson Cancer Research Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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Harefa, Wijaya IP, Muhadi, Rumende CM, Nasution SA, Koesnoe S, Marbun MB, Shatri H. The association between 24-h blood pressure variability and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in hospitalized patients with acute myocardial infarction: a retrospective cohort study. Egypt Heart J 2021; 73:88. [PMID: 34648099 PMCID: PMC8517047 DOI: 10.1186/s43044-021-00213-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is major cardiovascular disease that causes high morbidity and mortality. In AMI, ischemia and necrosis affected some cardiomyocytes leading to a decrease in myocardial contractility which is followed by an acute proinflammation reaction and increased sympathetic tone. Meanwhile, high blood pressure variability (BPV) causing an increased left ventricular workload, heart rate, myocardial oxygen demand and induces proinflamations and endothelial dysfunction. Therefore a high BPV and its associated pathological effects are likely to aggravate the physiological function of the heart and affect the emergence of acute cardiac complications in AMI patients. This study aims to investigate the association's between short-term BPV and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in AMI patients. This retrospective cohort study used simple random sampling to identify AMI patients who were hospitalized at Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital between January 2018 and December 2019. Mann Withney was performed to investigate the association between BPV and MACE. RESULTS The average systolic BPV value which was calculated as standard deviation (SD) and average real variability (ARV) was higher in the MACE group than in the non-MACE group. Systolic SD and systolic ARV in the MACE group were 13.28 ± 5.41 mmHg and 9.88 ± 3.81 mmHg respectively. In the non-MACE group, systolic SD and systolic ARV were 10.76 (4.59-26.17) mmHg and 8.65 (3.22-19.35) mmHg respectively. There was no significant association between BPV and MACE. However, there were significant differences between systolic SD and systolic ARV in patients with hypertension who experienced MACE and patients without hypertension who experienced MACE. CONCLUSIONS The BPV of AMI patients who experience MACE was higher than that of non-MACE AMI patients. There was no significant association between BPV and MACE during the acute phase of AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harefa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia/Dr, CiptoMangunkusumo National Hospital Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Ika Prasetya Wijaya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia/Dr, CiptoMangunkusumo National Hospital Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Muhadi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia/Dr, CiptoMangunkusumo National Hospital Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Cleopas Martin Rumende
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia/Dr, CiptoMangunkusumo National Hospital Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sally Aman Nasution
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia/Dr, CiptoMangunkusumo National Hospital Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sukamto Koesnoe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia/Dr, CiptoMangunkusumo National Hospital Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Maruhum Bonar Marbun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia/Dr, CiptoMangunkusumo National Hospital Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Hamzah Shatri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia/Dr, CiptoMangunkusumo National Hospital Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Asgeirsson DO, Christiansen MG, Valentin T, Somm L, Mirkhani N, Nami AH, Hosseini V, Schuerle S. 3D magnetically controlled spatiotemporal probing and actuation of collagen networks from a single cell perspective. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:3850-3862. [PMID: 34505607 PMCID: PMC8507888 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00657f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Cells continuously sense and react to mechanical cues from their surrounding matrix, which consists of a fibrous network of biopolymers that influences their fate and behavior. Several powerful methods employing magnetic control have been developed to assess the micromechanical properties within extracellular matrix (ECM) models hosting cells. However, many of these are limited to in-plane sensing and actuation, which does not allow the matrix to be probed within its full 3D context. Moreover, little attention has been given to factors specific to the model ECM systems that can profoundly influence the cells contained there. Here we present methods to spatiotemporally probe and manipulate extracellular matrix networks at the scale relevant to cells using magnetic microprobes (μRods). Our techniques leverage 3D magnetic field generation, physical modeling, and image analysis to examine and apply mechanical stimuli to fibrous collagen matrices. We determined shear moduli ranging between hundreds of Pa to tens of kPa and modeled the effects of proximity to rigid surfaces and local fiber densification. We analyzed the spatial extent and dynamics of matrix deformation produced in response to magnetic torques on the order of 10 pNm, deflecting fibers over an area spanning tens of micrometers. Finally, we demonstrate 3D actuation and pose extraction of fluorescently labelled μRods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne O Asgeirsson
- Responsive Biomedical Systems Laboratory, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Michael G Christiansen
- Responsive Biomedical Systems Laboratory, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Thomas Valentin
- Responsive Biomedical Systems Laboratory, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Luca Somm
- Responsive Biomedical Systems Laboratory, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Nima Mirkhani
- Responsive Biomedical Systems Laboratory, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Amin Hosseini Nami
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Vahid Hosseini
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Simone Schuerle
- Responsive Biomedical Systems Laboratory, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Herault S, Naser J, Carassiti D, Chooi KY, Nikolopoulou R, Font ML, Patel M, Pedrigi R, Krams R. Mechanosensitive pathways are regulated by mechanosensitive miRNA clusters in endothelial cells. Biophys Rev 2021; 13:787-796. [PMID: 34777618 PMCID: PMC8555030 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00839-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Shear stress is known to affect many processes in (patho-) physiology through a complex, multi-molecular mechanism, termed mechanotransduction. The sheer complexity of the process has raised questions how mechanotransduction is regulated. Here, we comprehensively evaluate the literature about the role of small non-coding miRNA in the regulation of mechanotransduction. Regulation of mRNA by miRNA is rather complex, depending not only on the concentration of mRNA to miRNA, but also on the amount of mRNA competing for a single mRNA. The only mechanism to counteract the latter factor is through overarching structures of miRNA. Indeed, two overarching structures are present miRNA families and miRNA clusters, and both will be discussed in details, regarding the latest literature and a previous conducted study focussed on mechanotransduction. Both the literature and our own data support a new hypothesis that miRNA-clusters predominantly regulate mechanotransduction, affecting 65% of signalling pathways. In conclusion, a new and important mode of regulation of mechanotransduction is proposed, based on miRNA clusters. This finding implicates new avenues for treatment of mechanotransduction and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Herault
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Room 2.14, London, UK
| | | | - Daniele Carassiti
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Room 2.14, London, UK
| | - K. Yean Chooi
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Room 2.14, London, UK
| | | | - Marti Llopart Font
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Room 2.14, London, UK
| | | | - Ryan Pedrigi
- College of Engineering, Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Rob Krams
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Room 2.14, London, UK
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Atcha H, Meli VS, Davis CT, Brumm KT, Anis S, Chin J, Jiang K, Pathak MM, Liu WF. Crosstalk Between CD11b and Piezo1 Mediates Macrophage Responses to Mechanical Cues. Front Immunol 2021; 12:689397. [PMID: 34630381 PMCID: PMC8493066 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.689397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are versatile cells of the innate immune system that perform diverse functions by responding to dynamic changes in their microenvironment. While the effects of soluble cues, including cytokines and chemokines, have been widely studied, the effects of physical cues, including mechanical stimuli, in regulating macrophage form and function are less well understood. In this study, we examined the effects of static and cyclic uniaxial stretch on macrophage inflammatory and healing activation. We found that cyclic stretch altered macrophage morphology and responses to IFNγ/LPS and IL4/IL13. Interestingly, we found that both static and cyclic stretch suppressed IFNγ/LPS induced inflammation. In contrast, IL4/IL13 mediated healing responses were suppressed with cyclic but enhanced with static stretch conditions. Mechanistically, both static and cyclic stretch increased expression of the integrin CD11b (αM integrin), decreased expression of the mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo1, and knock down of either CD11b or Piezo1 through siRNA abrogated stretch-mediated changes in inflammatory responses. Moreover, we found that knock down of CD11b enhanced the expression of Piezo1, and conversely knock down of Piezo1 enhanced CD11b expression, suggesting the potential for crosstalk between integrins and ion channels. Finally, stretch-mediated differences in macrophage activation were also dependent on actin, since pharmacological inhibition of actin polymerization abrogated the changes in activation with stretch. Together, this study demonstrates that the physical environment synergizes with biochemical cues to regulate macrophage morphology and function, and suggests a role for CD11b and Piezo1 crosstalk in mechanotransduction in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Atcha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Vijaykumar S. Meli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Chase T. Davis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Kyle T. Brumm
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Sara Anis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Jessica Chin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Kevin Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Medha M. Pathak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Wendy F. Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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Agrafiotis E, Geith MA, Golkani MA, Hergesell V, Sommer G, Spiliopoulos S, Holzapfel GA. An active approach of pressure waveform matching for stress-based testing of arteries. Artif Organs 2021; 45:1562-1575. [PMID: 34519059 PMCID: PMC9292962 DOI: 10.1111/aor.14064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arterial compliance assists the cardiovascular system with three key roles: (i) storing up to 50% of the stroke volume; (ii) ensuring blood flow during diastole; (iii) dampening pressure oscillations through arterial distension. In mock circulation loops (MCLs), arterial compliance was simulated either with membrane, spring, or Windkessel chambers. Although they have been shown to be suitable for cardiac device testing, their passive behavior can limit stress-based testing of arteries. Here we present an active compliance chamber with a feedback control of variable compliance as part of an MCL designed for biomechanical evaluation of arteries under physiological waveforms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The chamber encloses a piston that changes the volume via a cascaded controller when there is a difference between the real-time pressure and the physiological reference pressure with the aim to equilibrate both pressures. RESULTS The experimental results showed repeatable physiological waveforms of aortic pressure in health (80-120 mm Hg), systemic hypertension (90-153 mm Hg), and heart failure reduced ejection fraction (78-108 mm Hg). Statistical validation (n = 20) of the function of the chamber is presented against compared raw data. CONCLUSION We demonstrate that the active compliance chamber can track the actual pressure of the MCL and balance it in real time (every millisecond) with the reference values in order to shape the given pressure waveform. The active compliance chamber is an advanced tool for MCL applications for biomechanical examination of stented arteries and for preclinical evaluation of vascular implants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Markus A Geith
- Institute of Biomechanics, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Mohammad A Golkani
- Institute of Automation and Control, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Vera Hergesell
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerhard Sommer
- Institute of Biomechanics, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Gerhard A Holzapfel
- Institute of Biomechanics, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria.,Department of Structural Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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