1
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Wanger TC, Brook BW, Evans T, Tscharntke T. Pesticides reduce tropical amphibian and reptile diversity in agricultural landscapes in Indonesia. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15046. [PMID: 36967985 PMCID: PMC10035417 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pesticide use on tropical crops has increased substantially in recent decades, posing a threat to biodiversity and ecosystem services. Amphibians and reptiles are common in tropical agricultural landscapes, but few field studies measure pesticide impacts on these taxa. Here we combine 1-year of correlative data with an experimental field approach from Indonesia. We show that while pesticide application cannot predict amphibian or reptile diversity patterns in cocoa plantations, our experimental exposure to herbicides and insecticides in vegetable gardens eliminated amphibians, whereas reptiles were less impacted by insecticide and not affected by herbicide exposure. The pesticide-driven loss of a common amphibian species known to be a pest-control agent (mainly invertebrate predation) suggests a strong indirect negative effect of pesticides on this service. We recommend landscape-based Integrated Pest Management and additional ecotoxicological studies on amphibians and reptiles to underpin a regulatory framework and to assure recognition and protection of their ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Cherico Wanger
- Agroecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Sustainable Agricultural Systems & Engineering Laboratory/School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Theodore Evans
- University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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2
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Tscharntke T, Ocampo‐Ariza C, Vansynghel J, Ivañez‐Ballesteros B, Aycart P, Rodriguez L, Ramirez M, Steffan‐Dewenter I, Maas B, Thomas E. Socio-ecological benefits of fine-flavor cacao in its center of origin. Conserv Lett 2023; 16:e12936. [PMID: 38440357 PMCID: PMC10909533 DOI: 10.1111/conl.12936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In the tropics, combining food security with biodiversity conservation remains a major challenge. Tropical agroforestry systems are among the most biodiversity-friendly and productive land-use systems, and 70% of cocoa is grown by >6 million smallholder farmers living on <2$ per day. In cacao's main centre of diversification, the western Amazon region, interest is growing to achieve premium prices with the conversion of high-yielding, but mostly bulk-quality cacao to native fine-flavor cacao varieties, culturally important since pre-Columbian times. Conversion to native cacao can be expected to favor adaptation to regional climate and growth conditions, and to enhance native biodiversity and ecosystem services such as biological pest control and pollination, but possibly also imply susceptibility to diseases. Experience from successful conversion of non-native cacao plantations to fine-flavor cacao agroforestry with rejuvenation by grafting and under medium-canopy cover levels (30%-40%) can ensure a smooth transition with only minor temporary productivity gaps. This includes ongoing selection programs of high yielding and disease resistant native fine-flavor cacao genotypes and organizing in cooperatives to buffer the high market volatility. In conclusion, the recent interest on converting bulk cacao to a diversity of native fine-flavor varieties in countries like Peru is a challenge, but offers promising socio-ecological perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teja Tscharntke
- Department of AgroecologyUniversity of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Carolina Ocampo‐Ariza
- Department of AgroecologyUniversity of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT, Lima officeLimaPeru
| | - Justine Vansynghel
- Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT, Lima officeLimaPeru
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical BiologyBiocenter, University of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | | | - Pablo Aycart
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Lily Rodriguez
- Centro de conservación, investigación y manejo de áreas naturales, CIMALimaPeru
| | - Marleni Ramirez
- Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT, Lima officeLimaPeru
| | - Ingolf Steffan‐Dewenter
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical BiologyBiocenter, University of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Bea Maas
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Evert Thomas
- Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT, Lima officeLimaPeru
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3
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Sevgili H, Yılmaz K. Contributions of citizen scientists to monitoring alien species: the case study on Giant Asian Mantes, Hierodula tenuidentata and H. patellifera (Mantodea: Mantidae). ZOOLOGY IN THE MIDDLE EAST 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09397140.2022.2145802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Sevgili
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic, Faculty of Art and Science, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Kaan Yılmaz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic, Faculty of Art and Science, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
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4
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Tresson P, Tixier P, Puech W, Abufera B, Wyvekens A, Carval D. Caught on camera: Field imagery reveals the unexpected importance of vertebrates for biological control of the banana weevil (Cosmopolites sordidus Col. Curculionidae). PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274223. [PMID: 36125985 PMCID: PMC9488773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding of ecological interactions is necessary for the application of biological control. Banana is the second most produced fruit worldwide and the banana weevil (Cosmopolites sordidus) is the most important pest of banana and plantain. Its biological control remains challenging because of the robustness and cryptic behaviour of the adult and the hidden development of larval stages. Researchers therefore tend to favour conservation biological control of this pest. The commonly used methods for measuring the effects of natural enemies on the regulation of this pest focus on invertebrates and may underestimate the role of vertebrates on biological control. Using cameras, we recorded the predation of sentinel adult weevils in banana plots in La Réunion island that differed in weevil infestation levels and in animal biodiversity. To facilitate image analysis, we used background subtraction to isolate moving parts of image sequences and thus detect predators and predation events. Our cameras recorded only vertebrates as predators of adult banana weevils. The most important predator appeared to be the Asian shrew (Suncus murinus), which was responsible for 67% of the predation events. Other predators included the house mouse (Mus musculus), the oriental garden lizard (Calotes versicolor), and the guttural toad (Sclerophrys gutturalis). The exact time of predation events were determined from the images metadata. It was thus possible to identify predator foraging periods that coincided with activity of adult weevils. Our results confirm that images provide useful information for biological and ecological studies. Along with other recent studies, our results suggest that the role of vertebrates in biological control may be underestimated. Based on these results, we advocate for several management implications such as the installation of hedges, grasslands, and ponds to favour these vertebrate predators of the banana weevil, possibly also favouring other vertebrate and invertebrate natural enemies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Tresson
- CIRAD, UPR GECO, Montpellier, France
- GECO, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, UPR GECO, Saint-Pierre, France
- LIRMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Philippe Tixier
- CIRAD, UPR GECO, Montpellier, France
- GECO, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - William Puech
- LIRMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Bernard Abufera
- GECO, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, UPR GECO, Saint-Pierre, France
| | - Antoine Wyvekens
- GECO, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, UPR GECO, Saint-Pierre, France
| | - Dominique Carval
- CIRAD, UPR GECO, Montpellier, France
- GECO, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, UPR GECO, Saint-Pierre, France
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5
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Twining JP, Lawton C, White A, Sheehy E, Hobson K, Montgomery WI, Lambin X. Restoring vertebrate predator populations can provide landscape-scale biological control of established invasive vertebrates: Insights from pine marten recovery in Europe. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:5368-5384. [PMID: 35706099 PMCID: PMC9542606 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Invasive species pose one of the greatest global threats to biodiversity. There has been a long history of importing coevolved natural enemies to act as biological control agents to try to suppress densities of invasive species, with historically limited success and frequent adverse impacts on native biodiversity. Our understanding of the processes and drivers of successful biological control has been focussed on invertebrates and is evidently limited and potentially ill-suited with respect to biological control of vertebrate populations. The restoration of native vertebrate predator populations provides a promising nature-based solution for slowing, halting, or even reversing the spread of some invasive vertebrates over spatial scales relevant to the management of wildlife populations. Here, we first review the growing literature and data from the pine marten-red and grey squirrel system in Europe. We synthesise a multi-decadal dataset to show that the recovery of a native predator has resulted in rapid, landscape-scale declines of an established invasive species. We then use the model system, predator-prey interaction theory, and examples from the literature to develop ecological theory relating to natural biological control in vertebrates and evolutionary processes in native-invasive predator-prey interactions. We find support for the hypotheses that evolutionary naivety of invasive species to native predators and lack of local refuges results in higher predation of naive compared to coevolved prey. We apply lessons learnt from the marten-squirrel model system to examine the plausibility of specific native predator solutions to some of the Earth's most devastating invasive vertebrates. Given the evidence, we conclude that depletion of vertebrate predator populations has increased ecosystem vulnerability to invasions and thus facilitated the spread of invasive species. Therefore, restoration of vertebrate predator populations is an underappreciated, fundamental, nature-based solution to the crisis of invasive species and should be a priority for vertebrate invasive species management globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P. Twining
- Department of Natural ResourcesCornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA
- School of Biological SciencesQueen's UniversityBelfastUK
| | - Colin Lawton
- School of Natural Sciences, Ryan InstituteNational University of Ireland GalwayGalwayIreland
| | - Andy White
- Maxwell Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Department of MathematicsHeriot‐Watt UniversityEdinburghUK
| | - Emma Sheehy
- School of Natural Sciences, Ryan InstituteNational University of Ireland GalwayGalwayIreland
| | - Keziah Hobson
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | | | - Xavier Lambin
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
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6
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Slade A, White A, Lurz PWW, Shuttleworth C, Lambin X. A temporal refuge from predation can change the outcome of prey species competition. OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Slade
- Maxwell Inst. for Mathematical Sciences, Dept of Mathematics, Heriot‐Watt Univ. Edinburgh UK
| | - Andy White
- Maxwell Inst. for Mathematical Sciences, Dept of Mathematics, Heriot‐Watt Univ. Edinburgh UK
| | - Peter W. W. Lurz
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Univ. of Edinburgh Midlothian UK
| | | | - Xavier Lambin
- School of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Aberdeen Aberdeen UK
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7
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Canelles Q, Bassols E, Vayreda J, Brotons L. Predicting the potential distribution and forest impact of the invasive species Cydalima perspectalis in Europe. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:5713-5727. [PMID: 34026042 PMCID: PMC8131781 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive species have considerably increased in recent decades due to direct and indirect effects of ever-increasing international trade rates and new climate conditions derived from global change. We need to better understand how the dynamics of early species invasions develop and how these result in impacts on the invaded ecosystems. Here we studied the distribution and severe defoliation processes of the box tree moth (Cydalima perspectalis W.), a tree defoliator insect native to Asia and invasive in Europe since 2007, through the combination of species distribution models based on climate and landscape composition information. The results showed that the combination of data from the native and the invaded areas was the most effective methodology for the appropriate invasive species modeling. The species was not influenced by overall landscape factors, but only by the presence of its host plant, dispersal capacity, and climate suitability. Such climate suitability was described by low precipitation seasonality and minimum annual temperatures around 0°C, defining a continentality effect throughout the territory. We emphasize the need of studying distribution and severe defoliation processes separately because we identified that climate suitability was slightly involved in limiting species spread processes but strongly constrained ecosystem impact in terms of defoliation before the species reaches equilibrium with the new environment. New studies on habitat recovery after disturbance, ecological consequences of such impact, and community dynamics in a context of climate change are required for a better understanding of this invasive species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emili Bassols
- Parc Natural de la Zona Volcànica de la GarrotxaOlotSpain
| | - Jordi Vayreda
- InForestJru (CREAF‐CTFC)SolsonaSpain
- CREAFCerdanyola del VallèsSpain
| | - Lluís Brotons
- InForestJru (CREAF‐CTFC)SolsonaSpain
- CREAFCerdanyola del VallèsSpain
- CSICCerdanyola del VallèsSpain
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8
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Culshaw‐Maurer M, Sih A, Rosenheim JA. Bugs scaring bugs: enemy-risk effects in biological control systems. Ecol Lett 2020; 23:1693-1714. [PMID: 32902103 PMCID: PMC7692946 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Enemy-risk effects, often referred to as non-consumptive effects (NCEs), are an important feature of predator-prey ecology, but their significance has had little impact on the conceptual underpinning or practice of biological control. We provide an overview of enemy-risk effects in predator-prey interactions, discuss ways in which risk effects may impact biocontrol programs and suggest avenues for further integration of natural enemy ecology and integrated pest management. Enemy-risk effects can have important influences on different stages of biological control programs, including natural enemy selection, efficacy testing and quantification of non-target impacts. Enemy-risk effects can also shape the interactions of biological control with other pest management practices. Biocontrol systems also provide community ecologists with some of the richest examples of behaviourally mediated trophic cascades and demonstrations of how enemy-risk effects play out among species with no shared evolutionary history, important topics for invasion biology and conservation. We conclude that the longstanding use of ecological theory by biocontrol practitioners should be expanded to incorporate enemy-risk effects, and that community ecologists will find many opportunities to study enemy-risk effects in biocontrol settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Culshaw‐Maurer
- Department of Entomology and NematologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCA95616USA
- Department of Evolution and EcologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCA95616USA
| | - Andrew Sih
- Department of Environmental Science and PolicyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCA95616USA
| | - Jay A. Rosenheim
- Department of Entomology and NematologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCA95616USA
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9
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Twining JP, Montgomery WI, Tosh DG. Declining invasive grey squirrel populations may persist in refugia as native predator recovery reverses squirrel species replacement. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P. Twining
- School of Biological Sciences Queen's University of Belfast Belfast UK
| | - W. Ian Montgomery
- School of Biological Sciences Queen's University of Belfast Belfast UK
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10
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McNicol CM, Bavin D, Bearhop S, Ferryman M, Gill R, Goodwin CED, MacPherson J, Silk MJ, McDonald RA. Translocated native pine martens
Martes martes
alter short‐term space use by invasive non‐native grey squirrels
Sciurus carolinensis. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - David Bavin
- Vincent Wildlife TrustBronsil Courtyard Eastnor, Ledbury UK
| | - Stuart Bearhop
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation University of Exeter Penryn UK
| | | | - Robin Gill
- Forest Research Alice Holt Lodge Farnham UK
| | | | | | - Matthew J. Silk
- Environment and Sustainability Institute University of Exeter Penryn UK
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation University of Exeter Penryn UK
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11
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Twining JP, Ian Montgomery W, Price L, Kunc HP, Tosh DG. Native and invasive squirrels show different behavioural responses to scent of a shared native predator. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 7:191841. [PMID: 32257340 PMCID: PMC7062111 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.191841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Invasive species pose a serious threat to native species. In Europe, invasive grey squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) have replaced native red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) in locations across Britain, Ireland and Italy. The European pine marten (Martes martes) can reverse the replacement of red squirrels by grey squirrels, but the underlying mechanism of how pine martens suppress grey squirrels is little understood. Research suggests the reversal process is driven by direct predation, but why the native red squirrel may be less susceptible than the invasive grey squirrel to predation by a commonly shared native predator, is unknown. A behavioural difference may exist with the native sciurid being more effective at avoiding predation by the pine marten with which they have a shared evolutionary history. In mammals, olfactory cues are used by prey species to avoid predators. To test whether anti-predator responses differ between the native red squirrel and the invasive grey squirrel, we exposed both species to scent cues of a shared native predator and quantified the responses of the two squirrel species. Red squirrels responded to pine marten scent by avoiding the feeder, increasing their vigilance and decreasing their feeding activity. By contrast, grey squirrels did not show any anti-predator behaviours in response to the scent of pine marten. Thus, differences in behavioural responses to a shared native predator may assist in explaining differing outcomes of species interactions between native and invasive prey species depending on the presence, abundance and exposure to native predators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P. Twining
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University of Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, BT9 5DL Northern Ireland, UK
| | - W. Ian Montgomery
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University of Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, BT9 5DL Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Lily Price
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University of Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, BT9 5DL Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Hansjoerg P. Kunc
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University of Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, BT9 5DL Northern Ireland, UK
| | - David G. Tosh
- National Museums NI, 153 Bangor Road, Cultra, BT18 0EU Northern Ireland, UK
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12
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Juarez-Sanchez D, Blake JG, Hellgren EC. Variation in Neotropical river otter (Lontra longicaudis) diet: Effects of an invasive prey species. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217727. [PMID: 31581191 PMCID: PMC6776311 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Predation is one of the main barriers that exotic species may face in newly colonized areas and may help stop or control the potential negative impacts of invasive species in the environment. We evaluated if the consumption of an invasive prey (armored catfish: Pterygoplichtys sp.) affects the dietary niche breadth and trophic level of a native predator (Neotropical river otter: Lontra longicaudis) in northern Guatemala. We examined otter scats from three rivers: two where the invasive armored catfish occurred and one without the invasive fish. Samples were collected two and seven years after the first report of the catfish in the area. We performed gross scat analysis and stable isotope analyses of nitrogen and carbon of fecal matter. Where the invasive armored catfish occurred, it was the main prey item for L. longicaudis. Particularly in the river outside of protected areas seven years after the first report of the catfish, where it accounted for 49% of the otter diet. Concordance was found between the two techniques to estimate dietary niche breadth and trophic level. The dietary niche breath of otters was narrower seven years after the invasion in comparison to two years after the invasion in both invaded rivers, but the extent of the reduction was lesser inside the protected area. Finally, the trophic level of otters also showed a reduction related to the occurrence of the armored catfish in their diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Juarez-Sanchez
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida United States of America
| | - John G. Blake
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida United States of America
| | - Eric C. Hellgren
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida United States of America
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13
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Feeding Ecology of a Tropical Litter-Dwelling Frog, Chaperina fusca (Microhylidae) from Borneo. J HERPETOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1670/18-111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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14
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Carthey AJR, Banks PB. Naïve, bold, or just hungry? An invasive exotic prey species recognises but does not respond to its predators. Biol Invasions 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-018-1782-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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15
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Alvarez-Blanco P, Caut S, Cerdá X, Angulo E. Native predators living in invaded areas: responses of terrestrial amphibian species to an Argentine ant invasion. Oecologia 2017; 185:95-106. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-017-3929-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Lachaud JP, Klompen H, Pérez-Lachaud G. Macrodinychus mites as parasitoids of invasive ants: an overlooked parasitic association. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29995. [PMID: 27444515 PMCID: PMC4956750 DOI: 10.1038/srep29995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mites are frequent ant symbionts, yet the exact nature of their interactions with their hosts is poorly known. Generally, myrmecophilous mites show adaptations for dispersal through phoresis, but species that lack such an adaptation may have evolved unusual specialized relationships with their hosts. The immature stages of Macrodinychus multispinosus develop as ectoparasitoids of pupae of the invasive ant Paratrechina longicornis. Feeding stages show regressed locomotor appendages. These mites complete their development on a single host, sucking all of its body content and therefore killing it. Locally high proportions of parasitized host pupae suggest that M. multispinosus could serve as a biological control agent. This is the ninth species of Macrodinychus reported as ant parasite, and the third known as parasitoid of invasive ants, confirming a unique habit in the evolution of mite feeding strategies and suggesting that the entire genus might be parasitic on ants. Several mites' characteristics, such as their protective morphology, possible viviparity, lack of a specialized stage for phoretic dispersal, and low host specificity, combined with both the general low aggressiveness of invasive P. longicornis towards other ants and its possible susceptibility to generalist ectoparasites would account for the host shift in native macrodinychid mites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Lachaud
- Departamento de Conservación de la Biodiversidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Avenida Centenario Km 5.5, Chetumal 77014, Quintana Roo, Mexico.,Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Hans Klompen
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43212, USA
| | - Gabriela Pérez-Lachaud
- Departamento de Conservación de la Biodiversidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Avenida Centenario Km 5.5, Chetumal 77014, Quintana Roo, Mexico
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17
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Adams JB, Bollens SM, Bishop JG. Predation on the Invasive Copepod, Pseudodiaptomus forbesi, and Native Zooplankton in the Lower Columbia River: An Experimental Approach to Quantify Differences in Prey-Specific Feeding Rates. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144095. [PMID: 26618851 PMCID: PMC4664400 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive planktonic crustaceans have become a prominent feature of aquatic communities worldwide, yet their effects on food webs are not well known. The Asian calanoid copepod, Pseudodiaptomus forbesi, introduced to the Columbia River Estuary approximately 15 years ago, now dominates the late-summer zooplankton community, but its use by native aquatic predators is unknown. We investigated whether three species of planktivorous fishes (chinook salmon, three-spined stickleback, and northern pikeminnow) and one species of mysid exhibited higher feeding rates on native copepods and cladocerans relative to P. forbesi by conducting `single-prey' feeding experiments and, additionally, examined selectivity for prey types with `two-prey' feeding experiments. In single-prey experiments individual predator species showed no difference in feeding rates on native cyclopoid copepods (Cyclopidae spp.) relative to invasive P. forbesi, though wild-collected predators exhibited higher feeding rates on cyclopoids when considered in aggregate. In two-prey experiments, chinook salmon and northern pikeminnow both strongly selected native cladocerans (Daphnia retrocurva) over P. forbesi, and moreover, northern pikeminnow selected native Cyclopidae spp. over P. forbesi. On the other hand, in two-prey experiments, chinook salmon, three-spined stickleback and mysids were non- selective with respect to feeding on native cyclopoid copepods versus P. forbesi. Our results indicate that all four native predators in the Columbia River Estuary can consume the invasive copepod, P. forbesi, but that some predators select for native zooplankton over P. forbesi, most likely due to one (or both) of two possible underlying casual mechanisms: 1) differential taxon-specific prey motility and escape responses (calanoids > cyclopoids > daphnids) or 2) the invasive status of the zooplankton prey resulting in naivety, and thus lower feeding rates, of native predators feeding on invasive prey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse B. Adams
- School of the Environment, Washington State University, Vancouver, Washington, United States of America
| | - Stephen M. Bollens
- School of the Environment, Washington State University, Vancouver, Washington, United States of America
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Vancouver, Washington, United States of America
| | - John G. Bishop
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Vancouver, Washington, United States of America
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Long AK, Knapp DD, Mccullough L, Smith LL, Conner LM, Mccleery RA. Southern toads alter their behavior in response to red-imported fire ants. Biol Invasions 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-015-0869-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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19
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Dubey S, Christe P, Formenti V, Staub E, Schuerch J, Glaizot O, Ursenbacher S. Introduced freshwater blenny influences the diet and body condition of the invasive dice snake in Lake Geneva. J Wildl Manage 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Dubey
- Department of Ecology and Evolution; Biophore Building; University of Lausanne; 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Philippe Christe
- Department of Ecology and Evolution; Biophore Building; University of Lausanne; 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Formenti
- Department of Ecology and Evolution; Biophore Building; University of Lausanne; 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Emilie Staub
- Department of Ecology and Evolution; Biophore Building; University of Lausanne; 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Johan Schuerch
- Department of Ecology and Evolution; Biophore Building; University of Lausanne; 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Olivier Glaizot
- Museum of Zoology; Palais de Rumine; Place de la Riponne 6; 1014 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Ursenbacher
- Section of Conservation Biology; Department of Environmental Sciences; University of Basel; St. Johanns-Vorstadt 10, 4056 Basel Switzerland
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Bucciarelli GM, Blaustein AR, Garcia TS, Kats LB. Invasion Complexities: The Diverse Impacts of Nonnative Species on Amphibians. COPEIA 2014. [DOI: 10.1643/ot-14-014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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Konopik O, Gray CL, Grafe TU, Steffan-Dewenter I, Fayle TM. From rainforest to oil palm plantations: Shifts in predator population and prey communities, but resistant interactions. Glob Ecol Conserv 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2014.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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22
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Leakey RRB. The role of trees in agroecology and sustainable agriculture in the tropics. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2014; 52:113-133. [PMID: 24821184 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-102313-045838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Shifting agriculture in the tropics has been replaced by sedentary smallholder farming on a few hectares of degraded land. To address low yields and low income both, the soil fertility, the agroecosystem functions, and the source of income can be restored by diversification with nitrogen-fixing trees and the cultivation of indigenous tree species that produce nutritious and marketable products. Biodiversity conservation studies indicate that mature cash crop systems, such as cacao and coffee with shade trees, provide wildlife habitat that supports natural predators, which, in turn, reduce the numbers of herbivores and pathogens. This review offers suggestions on how to examine these agroecological processes in more detail for the most effective rehabilitation of degraded land. Evidence from agroforestry indicates that in this way, productive and environmentally friendly farming systems that provide food and nutritional security, as well as poverty alleviation, can be achieved in harmony with wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger R B Leakey
- Department of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia, QLD 4870;
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23
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Douglas DJT, Nalwanga D, Katebaka R, Atkinson PW, Pomeroy DE, Nkuutu D, Vickery JA. The importance of native trees for forest bird conservation in tropical farmland. Anim Conserv 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - R. Katebaka
- Nature Uganda; Kampala Uganda
- African Union of Conservationists; Makerere University; Kampala Uganda
| | | | - D. E. Pomeroy
- Department of Biological Sciences; Makerere University; Kampala Uganda
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Adult and larval traits as determinants of geographic range size among tropical reef fishes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:16498-502. [PMID: 24065830 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1304074110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Most marine organisms disperse via ocean currents as larvae, so it is often assumed that larval-stage duration is the primary determinant of geographic range size. However, empirical tests of this relationship have yielded mixed results, and alternative hypotheses have rarely been considered. Here we assess the relative influence of adult and larval-traits on geographic range size using a global dataset encompassing 590 species of tropical reef fishes in 47 families, the largest compilation of such data to date for any marine group. We analyze this database using linear mixed-effect models to control for phylogeny and geographical limits on range size. Our analysis indicates that three adult traits likely to affect the capacity of new colonizers to survive and establish reproductive populations (body size, schooling behavior, and nocturnal activity) are equal or better predictors of geographic range size than pelagic larval duration. We conclude that adult life-history traits that affect the postdispersal persistence of new populations are primary determinants of successful range extension and, consequently, of geographic range size among tropical reef fishes.
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Crovetto F, Romano A, Salvidio S. Comparison of two non-lethal methods for dietary studies in terrestrial salamanders. WILDLIFE RESEARCH 2012. [DOI: 10.1071/wr11103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context
Concerns about conservation and ethics in amphibian research have been raised recently; therefore, non-lethal methods should always be preferred to investigate food habits in wild populations. However, there are no studies that compared the data obtained by different non-lethal dietary methods in amphibians.
Aims
We compared the dietary habits obtained from stomach flushing, a method validated against stomach dissection, and faecal analysis on the same 31 individuals of the European plethodontid Speleomantes strinatii, a completely terrestrial salamander.
Methods
After being stomach-flushed in the field, salamanders were kept in the laboratory at constant humidity and temperature to obtain faecal samples. Analyses comprised diversity and niche overlap indexes, as well as permutation, repeated-measures tests and graphical methods.
Key results
Niche overlap between the two samples was low (Ojk = 0.58) and prey diversity was significantly (P = 0.001) higher in stomach contents. There were also differences in the abundance of fly larvae, springtails and ants and the interpretation of the population trophic strategy varied according to the sampling method used.
Key conclusions
Stomach flushing and faecal analysis gave different information, because, apparently, a differential prey degradation occurred. During the digestive process, ants became dominant, whereas springtails and fly larvae became under-represented in faecal samples. Therefore, on the basis of faecal analysis, diet diversity was underestimated and many individuals improperly appeared as ant-specialist feeders.
Implications
In terrestrial salamanders, results from stomach flushing and faecal analysis should not be compared among studies, populations or species. Moreover, stomach flushing should always be preferred when assessing the trophic strategy and the role in food webs of salamanders.
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Dumont CP, Gaymer CF, Thiel M. Predation contributes to invasion resistance of benthic communities against the non-indigenous tunicate Ciona intestinalis. Biol Invasions 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-011-0018-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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