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Miller JT, Clark BW, Reid NM, Karchner SI, Roach JL, Hahn ME, Nacci D, Whitehead A. Independently evolved pollution resistance in four killifish populations is largely explained by few variants of large effect. Evol Appl 2024; 17:e13648. [PMID: 38293268 PMCID: PMC10824703 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The genetic architecture of phenotypic traits can affect the mode and tempo of trait evolution. Human-altered environments can impose strong natural selection, where successful evolutionary adaptation requires swift and large phenotypic shifts. In these scenarios, theory predicts that adaptation is due to a few adaptive variants of large effect, but empirical studies that have revealed the genetic architecture of rapidly evolved phenotypes are rare, especially for populations inhabiting polluted environments. Fundulus killifish have repeatedly evolved adaptive resistance to extreme pollution in urban estuaries. Prior studies, including genome scans for signatures of natural selection, have revealed some of the genes and pathways important for evolved pollution resistance, and provide context for the genotype-phenotype association studies reported here. We created multiple quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping families using progenitors from four different resistant populations, and using RAD-seq genetically mapped variation in sensitivity (developmental perturbations) following embryonic exposure to a model toxicant PCB-126. We found that one to two large-effect QTL loci accounted for resistance to PCB-mediated developmental toxicity. QTLs harbored candidate genes that govern the regulation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) signaling. One QTL locus was shared across all populations and another was shared across three populations. One QTL locus showed strong signatures of recent natural selection in the corresponding wild population but another QTL locus did not. Some candidate genes for PCB resistance inferred from genome scans in wild populations were identified as QTL, but some key candidate genes were not. We conclude that rapidly evolved resistance to the developmental defects normally caused by PCB-126 is governed by few genes of large effect. However, other aspects of resistance beyond developmental phenotypes may be governed by additional loci, such that comprehensive resistance to PCB-126, and to the mixtures of chemicals that distinguish urban estuaries more broadly, may be more genetically complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey T. Miller
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Center for Population Biology, Coastal and Marine Sciences InstituteUniversity of California, DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
- Present address:
Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of New HampshireDurhamNew HampshireUSA
| | - Bryan W. Clark
- Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences DivisionUS Environmental Protection AgencyNarragansettRhode IslandUSA
| | - Noah M. Reid
- Department of Molecular & Cell BiologyUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsConnecticutUSA
| | - Sibel I. Karchner
- Biology DepartmentWoods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionWoods HoleMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jennifer L. Roach
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Center for Population Biology, Coastal and Marine Sciences InstituteUniversity of California, DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Mark E. Hahn
- Biology DepartmentWoods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionWoods HoleMassachusettsUSA
| | - Diane Nacci
- Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences DivisionUS Environmental Protection AgencyNarragansettRhode IslandUSA
| | - Andrew Whitehead
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Center for Population Biology, Coastal and Marine Sciences InstituteUniversity of California, DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
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Jasperse L, Di Giulio RT, Jayasundara N. Bioenergetic Effects of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Resistance Manifest Later in Life in Offspring of Fundulus heteroclitus from the Elizabeth River. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:15806-15815. [PMID: 37818763 PMCID: PMC10733968 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c03610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Shifts in key physiological processes can confer resistance to chemical pollutants. However, these adaptations may come with certain trade-offs, such as altered energy metabolic processes, as evident in Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) in Virginia's Elizabeth River (ER) that have evolved resistance to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). We seek to understand the bioenergetic costs of PAH resistance among subpopulations of Atlantic killifish with differing contamination levels in order to examine how these changes manifest across multiple life stages and how these costs might be exacerbated by additional stressors. Bioenergetics data revealed differences in metabolic rates between offspring of PAH-resistant fish and reference fish were absent or minimal in both the embryo and larval stages but pronounced at the juvenile life stage, suggesting that bioenergetic changes in pollution-adapted killifish manifest later in life. We also provide evidence that killifish from remediated sites are more sensitive to PAH exposure than killifish from nonremediated sites, suggesting loss of PAH tolerance following relaxed selection. Collectively, our data suggest that the fitness consequences associated with evolved resistance to anthropogenic stressors may manifest differently over time and depend on the magnitude of the selection pressure. This information can be valuable in effective risk and remediation assessments as well as in broadening our understanding of species responses to environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Jasperse
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Richard T Di Giulio
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Nishad Jayasundara
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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3
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Stevenson LM, Muller EB, Nacci D, Clark BW, Whitehead A, Nisbet RM. Connecting Suborganismal Data to Bioenergetic Processes: Killifish Embryos Exposed to a Dioxin-Like Compound. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:2040-2053. [PMID: 37232404 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A core challenge for ecological risk assessment is to integrate molecular responses into a chain of causality to organismal or population-level outcomes. Bioenergetic theory may be a useful approach for integrating suborganismal responses to predict organismal responses that influence population dynamics. We describe a novel application of dynamic energy budget (DEB) theory in the context of a toxicity framework (adverse outcome pathways [AOPs]) to make quantitative predictions of chemical exposures to individuals, starting from suborganismal data. We use early-life stage exposure of Fundulus heteroclitus to dioxin-like chemicals (DLCs) and connect AOP key events to DEB processes through "damage" that is produced at a rate proportional to the internal toxicant concentration. We use transcriptomic data of fish embryos exposed to DLCs to translate molecular indicators of damage into changes in DEB parameters (damage increases somatic maintenance costs) and DEB models to predict sublethal and lethal effects on young fish. By changing a small subset of model parameters, we predict the evolved tolerance to DLCs in some wild F. heteroclitus populations, a data set not used in model parameterization. The differences in model parameters point to reduced sensitivity and altered damage repair dynamics as contributing to this evolved resistance. Our methodology has potential extrapolation to untested chemicals of ecological concern. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:2040-2053. © 2023 Oak Ridge National Laboratory and The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise M Stevenson
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA
| | - Erik B Muller
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA
- Institut für Biologische Analytik und Consulting IBACON, Rossdorf, Germany
| | - Diane Nacci
- Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, US Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, Rhode Island
| | - Bryan W Clark
- Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, US Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, Rhode Island
| | - Andrew Whitehead
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Roger M Nisbet
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA
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4
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Winchell KM, Losos JB, Verrelli BC. Urban evolutionary ecology brings exaptation back into focus. Trends Ecol Evol 2023:S0169-5347(23)00060-5. [PMID: 37024381 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of pre-existing phenotypic variation to evolution in novel environments has long been appreciated. Nevertheless, evolutionary ecologists have struggled with communicating these aspects of the adaptive process. In 1982, Gould and Vrba proposed terminology to distinguish character states shaped via natural selection for the roles they currently serve ('adaptations') from those shaped under preceding selective regimes ('exaptations'), with the intention of replacing the inaccurate 'preadaptation'. Forty years later, we revisit Gould and Vrba's ideas which, while often controversial, continue to be widely debated and highly cited. We use the recent emergence of urban evolutionary ecology as a timely opportunity to reintroduce the ideas of Gould and Vrba as an integrated framework to understand contemporary evolution in novel environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M Winchell
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Biology, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63130, USA.
| | - Jonathan B Losos
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Brian C Verrelli
- Center for Biological Data Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
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O'Brien AM, Yu ZH, Pencer C, Frederickson ME, LeFevre GH, Passeport E. Harnessing plant-microbiome interactions for bioremediation across a freshwater urbanization gradient. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 223:118926. [PMID: 36044799 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Urbanization impacts land, air, and water, creating environmental gradients between cities and rural areas. Urban stormwater delivers myriad co-occurring, understudied, and mostly unregulated contaminants to aquatic ecosystems, causing a pollution gradient. Recipient ecosystems host interacting species that can affect each others' growth and responses to these contaminants. For example, plants and their microbiomes often reciprocally increase growth and contaminant tolerance. Here, we identified ecological variables affecting contaminant fate across an urban-rural gradient using 50 sources of the aquatic plant Lemna minor (duckweed) and associated microbes, and two co-occurring winter contaminants of temperate cities, benzotriazole and salt. We conducted experiments totalling >2,500 independent host-microbe-contaminant microcosms. Benzotriazole and salt negatively affected duckweed growth, but not microbial growth, and duckweeds maintained faster growth with their local, rather than disrupted, microbiota. Benzotriazole transformation products of plant, microbial, and phototransformation pathways were linked to duckweed and microbial growth, and were affected by salt co-contamination, microbiome disruption, and source sites of duckweeds and microbes. Duckweeds from urban sites grew faster and enhanced phytotransformation, but supported less total transformation of benzotriazole. Increasing microbial community diversity correlated with greater removal of benzotriazole, but taxonomic groups may explain shifts across transformation pathways: the genus Aeromonas was linked to increasing phototransformation. Because benzotriazole toxicity could depend on amount and type of in situ transformation, this variation across duckweeds and microbes could be harnessed for better management of urban stormwater. Broadly, our results demonstrate that plant-microbiome interactions harbour manipulable variation for bioremediation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M O'Brien
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks St, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada; Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, 46 College Rd, Durham, NH, 03824, USA.
| | - Zhu Hao Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Clara Pencer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks St, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Megan E Frederickson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks St, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Gregory H LeFevre
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering and IIHR-Hydroscience & Engineering, University of Iowa, 4105 Seamans Center, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Elodie Passeport
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E5, Canada; Department of Civil and Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George St, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A4, Canada
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6
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Bozinovic G, Feng Z, Shea D, Oleksiak MF. Cardiac physiology and metabolic gene expression during late organogenesis among F. heteroclitus embryo families from crosses between pollution-sensitive and -resistant parents. BMC Ecol Evol 2022; 22:3. [PMID: 34996355 PMCID: PMC8739662 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-022-01959-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The teleost fish Fundulus heteroclitus inhabit estuaries heavily polluted with persistent and bioaccumulative chemicals. While embryos of parents from polluted sites are remarkably resistant to toxic sediment and develop normally, embryos of parents from relatively clean estuaries, when treated with polluted sediment extracts, are developmentally delayed, displaying deformities characteristic of pollution-induced embryotoxicity. To gain insight into parental effects on sensitive and resistant phenotypes during late organogenesis, we established sensitive, resistant, and crossed embryo families using five female and five male parents from relatively clean and predominantly PAH-polluted estuaries each, measured heart rates, and quantified individual embryo expression of 179 metabolic genes. RESULTS Pollution-induced embryotoxicity manifested as morphological deformities, significant developmental delays, and altered cardiac physiology was evident among sensitive embryos resulting from crosses between females and males from relatively clean estuaries. Significantly different heart rates among several geographically unrelated populations of sensitive, resistant, and crossed embryo families during late organogenesis and pre-hatching suggest site-specific adaptive cardiac physiology phenotypes relative to pollution exposure. Metabolic gene expression patterns (32 genes, 17.9%, at p < 0.05; 11 genes, 6.1%, at p < 0.01) among the embryo families indicate maternal pollutant deposition in the eggs and parental effects on gene expression and metabolic alterations. CONCLUSION Heart rate differences among sensitive, resistant, and crossed embryos is a reliable phenotype for further explorations of adaptive mechanisms. While metabolic gene expression patterns among embryo families are suggestive of parental effects on several differentially expressed genes, a definitive adaptive signature and metabolic cost of resistant phenotypes is unclear and shows unexpected sensitive-resistant crossed embryo expression profiles. Our study highlights physiological and metabolic gene expression differences during a critical embryonic stage among pollution sensitive, resistant, and crossed embryo families, which may contribute to underlying resistance mechanisms observed in natural F. heteroclitus populations living in heavily contaminated estuaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Bozinovic
- Boz Life Science Research and Teaching Institute, San Diego, CA, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Zuying Feng
- Boz Life Science Research and Teaching Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Damian Shea
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Marjorie F Oleksiak
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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7
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Iannello M, Mezzelani M, Dalla Rovere G, Smits M, Patarnello T, Ciofi C, Carraro L, Boffo L, Ferraresso S, Babbucci M, Mazzariol S, Centelleghe C, Cardazzo B, Carrer C, Varagnolo M, Nardi A, Pittura L, Benedetti M, Fattorini D, Regoli F, Ghiselli F, Gorbi S, Bargelloni L, Milan M. Long-lasting effects of chronic exposure to chemical pollution on the hologenome of the Manila clam. Evol Appl 2021; 14:2864-2880. [PMID: 34950234 PMCID: PMC8674894 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to pollutants affects natural populations, creating specific molecular and biochemical signatures. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that chronic exposure to pollutants might have substantial effects on the Manila clam hologenome long after removal from contaminated sites. To reach this goal, a highly integrative approach was implemented, combining transcriptome, genetic and microbiota analyses with the evaluation of biochemical and histological profiles of the edible Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum, as it was transplanted for 6 months from the polluted area of Porto Marghera (PM) to the clean area of Chioggia (Venice lagoon, Italy). One month post-transplantation, PM clams showed several modifications to its resident microbiota, including an overrepresentation of the opportunistic pathogen Arcobacter spp. This may be related to the upregulation of several immune genes in the PM clams, potentially representing a host response to the increased abundance of deleterious bacteria. Six months after transplantation, PM clams demonstrated a lower ability to respond to environmental/physiological stressors related to the summer season, and the hepatopancreas-associated microbiota still showed different compositions among PM and CH clams. This study confirms that different stressors have predictable effects in clams at different biological levels and demonstrates that chronic exposure to pollutants leads to long-lasting effects on the animal hologenome. In addition, no genetic differentiation between samples from the two areas was detected, confirming that PM and CH clams belong to a single population. Overall, the obtained responses were largely reversible and potentially related to phenotypic plasticity rather than genetic adaptation. The results here presented will be functional for the assessment of the environmental risk imposed by chemicals on an economically important bivalve species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Iannello
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Marica Mezzelani
- Department of Life and Environmental SciencesPolytechnic University of MarcheAnconaItaly
| | - Giulia Dalla Rovere
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food ScienceUniversity of PadovaLegnaroItaly
| | - Morgan Smits
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food ScienceUniversity of PadovaLegnaroItaly
| | - Tomaso Patarnello
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food ScienceUniversity of PadovaLegnaroItaly
| | - Claudio Ciofi
- Department of BiologyUniversity of FlorenceSesto FiorentinoItaly
| | - Lisa Carraro
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food ScienceUniversity of PadovaLegnaroItaly
| | - Luciano Boffo
- Associazione “Vongola Verace di Chioggia”ChioggiaItaly
| | - Serena Ferraresso
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food ScienceUniversity of PadovaLegnaroItaly
| | - Massimiliano Babbucci
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food ScienceUniversity of PadovaLegnaroItaly
| | - Sandro Mazzariol
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food ScienceUniversity of PadovaLegnaroItaly
| | - Cinzia Centelleghe
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food ScienceUniversity of PadovaLegnaroItaly
| | - Barbara Cardazzo
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food ScienceUniversity of PadovaLegnaroItaly
| | - Claudio Carrer
- c/o Magistrato alle Acque di Venezia Ufficio Tecnico Antinquinamento Laboratorio CSMOPadovaItaly
| | | | - Alessandro Nardi
- Department of Life and Environmental SciencesPolytechnic University of MarcheAnconaItaly
| | - Lucia Pittura
- Department of Life and Environmental SciencesPolytechnic University of MarcheAnconaItaly
| | - Maura Benedetti
- Department of Life and Environmental SciencesPolytechnic University of MarcheAnconaItaly
| | - Daniele Fattorini
- Department of Life and Environmental SciencesPolytechnic University of MarcheAnconaItaly
| | - Francesco Regoli
- Department of Life and Environmental SciencesPolytechnic University of MarcheAnconaItaly
| | - Fabrizio Ghiselli
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Stefania Gorbi
- Department of Life and Environmental SciencesPolytechnic University of MarcheAnconaItaly
| | - Luca Bargelloni
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food ScienceUniversity of PadovaLegnaroItaly
| | - Massimo Milan
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food ScienceUniversity of PadovaLegnaroItaly
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Calboli FCF, Delahaut V, Deflem I, Hablützel PI, Hellemans B, Kordas A, Raeymaekers JAM, Bervoets L, De Boeck G, Volckaert FAM. Association between Chromosome 4 and mercury accumulation in muscle of the three-spined stickleback ( Gasterosteus aculeatus). Evol Appl 2021; 14:2553-2567. [PMID: 34745343 PMCID: PMC8549617 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic stressors, such as pollutants, act as selective factors that can leave measurable changes in allele frequencies in the genome. Metals are of particular concern among pollutants, because of interference with vital biological pathways. We use the three-spined stickleback as a model for adaptation to mercury pollution in natural populations. We collected sticklebacks from 21 locations in Flanders (Belgium), measured the accumulated levels of mercury in the skeletal muscle tissue, and genotyped the fish by sequencing (GBS). The spread of muscle mercury content across locations was considerable, ranging from 21.5 to 327 ng/g dry weight (DW). We then conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) between 28,450 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the accumulated levels of mercury, using different approaches. Based on a linear mixed model analysis, the GWAS yielded multiple hits with a single top hit on Chromosome 4, with eight more SNPs suggestive of association. A second approach, a latent factor mixed model analysis, highlighted one single SNP on Chromosome 11. Finally, an outlier test identified one additional SNP on Chromosome 4 that appeared under selection. Out of all ten SNPs we identified as associated with mercury in muscle, three SNPs all located on Chromosome 4 and positioned within a 2.5 kb distance of an annotated gene. Based on these results and the genome coverage of our SNPs, we conclude that the selective effect of mercury pollution in Flanders causes a significant association with at least one locus on Chromosome 4 in three-spined stickleback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico C. F. Calboli
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary GenomicsKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Present address:
Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke)HelsinkiFinland
| | - Vyshal Delahaut
- Department of BiologySystemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE)University of AntwerpAntwerpenBelgium
| | - Io Deflem
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary GenomicsKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | | | - Bart Hellemans
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary GenomicsKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Anna Kordas
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary GenomicsKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | | | - Lieven Bervoets
- Department of BiologySystemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE)University of AntwerpAntwerpenBelgium
| | - Gudrun De Boeck
- Department of BiologySystemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE)University of AntwerpAntwerpenBelgium
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Brans KI, Almeida RA, Fajgenblat M. Genetic differentiation in pesticide resistance between urban and rural populations of a nontarget freshwater keystone interactor, Daphnia magna. Evol Appl 2021; 14:2541-2552. [PMID: 34745342 PMCID: PMC8549624 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that urbanization drives adaptive evolution in response to thermal gradients. One such example is documented in the water flea Daphnia magna. However, organisms residing in urban lentic ecosystems are increasingly exposed to chemical pollutants such as pesticides through run-off and aerial transportation. The extent to which urbanization drives the evolution of pesticide resistance in aquatic organisms and whether this is impacted by warming and thermal adaptation remains limitedly studied. We performed a common garden rearing experiment using multiple clonal lineages originating from five replicated urban and rural D. magna populations, in which we implemented an acute toxicity test exposing neonates (<24h) to either a solvent control or the organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos. Pesticide exposures were performed at two temperatures (20°C vs. 24°C) to test for temperature-associated differences in urbanization-driven evolved pesticide resistance. We identified a strong overall effect of pesticide exposure on Daphnia survival probability (-72.8 percentage points). However, urban Daphnia genotypes showed higher survival probabilities compared to rural ones in the presence of chlorpyrifos (+29.7 percentage points). Our experiment did not reveal strong temperature x pesticide or temperature x pesticide x urbanization background effects on survival probability. The here observed evolution of resistance to an organophosphate pesticide is a first indication Daphnia likely also adapts to pesticide pollution in urban areas. Increased pesticide resistance could facilitate their population persistence in urban ponds, and feed back to ecosystem functions, such as top-down control of algae. In addition, adaptive evolution of nontarget organisms to pest control strategies and occupational pesticide use may modulate how pesticide applications affect genetic and species diversity in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristien I. Brans
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution, and ConservationKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Rafaela A. Almeida
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution, and ConservationKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Maxime Fajgenblat
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution, and ConservationKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
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Chebii VJ, Mpolya EA, Muchadeyi FC, Domelevo Entfellner JB. Genomics of Adaptations in Ungulates. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1617. [PMID: 34072591 PMCID: PMC8230064 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ungulates are a group of hoofed animals that have long interacted with humans as essential sources of food, labor, clothing, and transportation. These consist of domesticated, feral, and wild species raised in a wide range of habitats and biomes. Given the diverse and extreme environments inhabited by ungulates, unique adaptive traits are fundamental for fitness. The documentation of genes that underlie their genomic signatures of selection is crucial in this regard. The increasing availability of advanced sequencing technologies has seen the rapid growth of ungulate genomic resources, which offers an exceptional opportunity to understand their adaptive evolution. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on evolutionary genetic signatures underlying the adaptations of ungulates to different habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien J. Chebii
- School of Life Science and Bioengineering, Nelson Mandela Africa Institution of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania;
- Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa, International Livestock Research Institute (BecA-ILRI) Hub, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya;
| | - Emmanuel A. Mpolya
- School of Life Science and Bioengineering, Nelson Mandela Africa Institution of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania;
| | - Farai C. Muchadeyi
- Agricultural Research Council Biotechnology Platform (ARC-BTP), Private Bag X5, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa;
| | - Jean-Baka Domelevo Entfellner
- Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa, International Livestock Research Institute (BecA-ILRI) Hub, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya;
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11
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Fleming TJ, Schrankel CS, Vyas H, Rosenblatt HD, Hamdoun A. CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis reveals a role for ABCB1 in gut immune responses to Vibrio diazotrophicus in sea urchin larvae. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:jeb232272. [PMID: 33653719 PMCID: PMC8077557 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.232272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The ABC transporter ABCB1 plays an important role in the disposition of xenobiotics. Embryos of most species express high levels of this transporter in early development as a protective mechanism, but its native substrates are not known. Here, we used larvae of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus to characterize the early life expression and role of Sp-ABCB1a, a homolog of ABCB1. The results indicate that while Sp-ABCB1a is initially expressed ubiquitously, it becomes enriched in the developing gut. Using optimized CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing methods to achieve high editing efficiency in the F0 generation, we generated ABCB1a crispant embryos with significantly reduced transporter efflux activity. When infected with the opportunistic pathogen Vibrio diazotrophicus, Sp-ABCB1a crispant larvae demonstrated significantly stronger gut inflammation, immunocyte migration and cytokine Sp-IL-17 induction, as compared with infected control larvae. The results suggest an ancestral function of ABCB1 in host-microbial interactions, with implications for the survival of invertebrate larvae in the marine microbial environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis J. Fleming
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Catherine S. Schrankel
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Himanshu Vyas
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Hannah D. Rosenblatt
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Amro Hamdoun
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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12
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Wood ZT, Palkovacs EP, Olsen BJ, Kinnison MT. The Importance of Eco-evolutionary Potential in the Anthropocene. Bioscience 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biab010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Humans are dominant global drivers of ecological and evolutionary change, rearranging ecosystems and natural selection. In the present article, we show increasing evidence that human activity also plays a disproportionate role in shaping the eco-evolutionary potential of systems—the likelihood of ecological change generating evolutionary change and vice versa. We suggest that the net outcome of human influences on trait change, ecology, and the feedback loops that link them will often (but not always) be to increase eco-evolutionary potential, with important consequences for stability and resilience of populations, communities, and ecosystems. We also integrate existing ecological and evolutionary metrics to predict and manage the eco-evolutionary dynamics of human-affected systems. To support this framework, we use a simple eco–evo feedback model to show that factors affecting eco-evolutionary potential are major determinants of eco-evolutionary dynamics. Our framework suggests that proper management of anthropogenic effects requires a science of human effects on eco-evolutionary potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary T Wood
- School of Biology and Ecology and with the Maine Center for Genetics in the Environment at the University of Maine, Orono, Maine, United States
| | - Eric P Palkovacs
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States
| | - Brian J Olsen
- School of Biology and Ecology and with the Maine Center for Genetics in the Environment at the University of Maine, Orono, Maine, United States
| | - Michael T Kinnison
- School of Biology and Ecology and with the Maine Center for Genetics in the Environment at the University of Maine, Orono, Maine, United States
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13
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Adams E, Leeb C, Brühl CA. Pesticide exposure affects reproductive capacity of common toads (Bufo bufo) in a viticultural landscape. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:213-223. [PMID: 33471271 PMCID: PMC7902574 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02335-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Amphibian populations are declining worldwide at alarming rates. Among the large variety of contributing stressors, chemical pollutants like pesticides have been identified as a major factor for this decline. Besides direct effects on aquatic and terrestrial amphibian stages, sublethal effects like impairments in reproduction can affect a population. Therefore, we investigated the reproductive capacity of common toads (Bufo bufo) in the pesticide-intensive viticultural landscape of Palatinate in Southwest Germany along a pesticide gradient. In a semi-field study, we captured reproductively active common toad pairs of five breeding ponds with different pesticide contamination level and kept them in a net cage until spawning. Toads from more contaminated ponds showed an increased fecundity (more eggs) but decreased fertilization rates (fewer hatching tadpoles) as well as lower survival rates and reduced size in Gosner stage 25, suggesting that the higher exposed populations suffer from long-term reproductive impairments. In combination with acute toxicity effects, the detected sublethal effects, which are mostly not addressed in the ecological risk assessment of pesticides, pose a serious threat on amphibian populations in agricultural landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Adams
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829, Landau, Germany.
| | - Christoph Leeb
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829, Landau, Germany
| | - Carsten A Brühl
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829, Landau, Germany
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14
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Tüzün N, Stoks R. Lower bioenergetic costs but similar immune responsiveness under a heat wave in urban compared to rural damselflies. Evol Appl 2021; 14:24-35. [PMID: 33519954 PMCID: PMC7819556 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
There is mounting evidence that the widespread phenotypic changes in response to urbanization may reflect adaptations caused by rapid evolutionary processes driven by urban-related stressors. Compared to increased habitat fragmentation and pollution, adaptations towards another typical urban-related stressor, that is higher and longer lasting very high temperatures (heat waves), are much less studied. Notably, the sensitivities to heat waves of life-history traits and important fitness-related physiological traits such as immune responsiveness and bioenergetic variables (energy availability, energy consumption and their balance) have never been contrasted between urban and rural populations. By conducting a laboratory common-garden experiment, we compared effects of a simulated heat wave on life history (survival and growth rate), immune responsiveness and bioenergetic variables between three urban and three rural populations of the damselfly Coenagrion puella. Because energy-mediated trade-off patterns may only be detected under energetically costly manipulations, all larvae were immune-challenged by simulating ectoparasitism by water mites. As expected, the simulated heat wave caused negative effects on nearly all response variables. The immune responsiveness, on the other hand, increased under the heat wave, consistent with a trade-off pattern between immune function and growth, and this similarly between urban and rural populations. A key finding was that urban larvae suffered less from the simulated heat wave compared to the rural larvae in terms of a lower heat wave-induced depletion in energy availability. This suggests an adaptation of urban populations to better cope with the stronger and more frequent heat waves in cities. Notably, this urbanization-driven evolution in the bioenergetic variables was not apparent in the absence of a heat wave. Given that changes in energy budgets have strong fitness consequences, our findings suggest that the evolved higher ability to cope with heat waves is fundamental for the survival of urban damselfly populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nedim Tüzün
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and EcotoxicologyUniversity of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Robby Stoks
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and EcotoxicologyUniversity of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
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15
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Boutry J, Dujon AM, Gerard AL, Tissot S, Macdonald N, Schultz A, Biro PA, Beckmann C, Hamede R, Hamilton DG, Giraudeau M, Ujvari B, Thomas F. Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Anticancer Adaptations. iScience 2020; 23:101716. [PMID: 33241195 PMCID: PMC7674277 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular cheating leading to cancers exists in all branches of multicellular life, favoring the evolution of adaptations to avoid or suppress malignant progression, and/or to alleviate its fitness consequences. Ecologists have until recently largely neglected the importance of cancer cells for animal ecology, presumably because they did not consider either the potential ecological or evolutionary consequences of anticancer adaptations. Here, we review the diverse ways in which the evolution of anticancer adaptations has significantly constrained several aspects of the evolutionary ecology of multicellular organisms at the cell, individual, population, species, and ecosystem levels and suggest some avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Boutry
- CREEC/CANECEV (CREES), MIVEGEC, Unité Mixte de Recherches, IRD 224–CNRS 5290–Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Antoine M. Dujon
- CREEC/CANECEV (CREES), MIVEGEC, Unité Mixte de Recherches, IRD 224–CNRS 5290–Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia France
| | - Anne-Lise Gerard
- CREEC/CANECEV (CREES), MIVEGEC, Unité Mixte de Recherches, IRD 224–CNRS 5290–Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sophie Tissot
- CREEC/CANECEV (CREES), MIVEGEC, Unité Mixte de Recherches, IRD 224–CNRS 5290–Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nick Macdonald
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia France
| | - Aaron Schultz
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia France
| | - Peter A. Biro
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia France
| | - Christa Beckmann
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia France
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Parramatta, NSW, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Rodrigo Hamede
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - David G. Hamilton
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Mathieu Giraudeau
- CREEC/CANECEV (CREES), MIVEGEC, Unité Mixte de Recherches, IRD 224–CNRS 5290–Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Beata Ujvari
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia France
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Frédéric Thomas
- CREEC/CANECEV (CREES), MIVEGEC, Unité Mixte de Recherches, IRD 224–CNRS 5290–Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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16
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Oziolor EM, DeSchamphelaere K, Lyon D, Nacci D, Poynton H. Evolutionary Toxicology-An Informational Tool for Chemical Regulation? ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2020; 39:257-268. [PMID: 31978273 PMCID: PMC7885860 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elias M Oziolor
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Karel DeSchamphelaere
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, GhEnToxLab Unit, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Delina Lyon
- Shell Health, Shell Oil Company, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Diane Nacci
- Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Center for Environmental Measurements and Modeling, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Helen Poynton
- School for the Environment, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
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17
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Crawford KA, Clark BW, Heiger-Bernays WJ, Karchner SI, Hahn ME, Nacci DE, Schlezinger JJ. Tributyltin disrupts fin development in Fundulus heteroclitus from both PCB-sensitive and resistant populations: Investigations of potential interactions between AHR and PPARγ. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 218:105334. [PMID: 31743820 PMCID: PMC6935467 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are environmental contaminants that are highly toxic to fish and co-occur in New Bedford Harbor (NBH), an estuarine Superfund site located in Massachusetts, USA. Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) that reside in NBH (and other highly contaminated sites along the east coast of the United States) have developed resistance to activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) pathway and the toxicity of dioxin-like chemicals, such as 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl, PCB126. In many biological systems, TBT disregulates adipose and bone development via the PPARγ-RXR pathway; AHR activation also disrupts adipose and bone homeostasis, potentially through molecular crosstalk between AHR and PPARγ. However, little is known about how co-exposure and the interaction of these pathways modulate the toxicological effects of these contaminants. Here, we tested the hypotheses that TBT would induce teratogenesis in killifish via activation of PPARγ and that PCB126 co-exposure would suppress PPARγ pathway activation in PCB-sensitive killifish from a reference site (Scorton Creek, SC, PCB-sensitive) but not in PCB-tolerant NBH killifish. Killifish embryos from both populations exposed to TBT (50 and 100 nM) displayed caudal fin deformities. TBT did not change the expression of pparg or its target genes related to adipogenesis (fabp11a and fabp1b) in either population. However, expression of osx/sp7, an osteoblast marker gene, and col2a1b, a chondroblast marker gene, was significantly suppressed by TBT only in SC killifish. An RXR-specific agonist, but not a PPARγ-specific agonist, induced caudal fin deformities like those observed in TBT-treated embryos. PCB126 did not induce caudal fin deformities and did not exacerbate TBT-induced fin deformities. Further, PCB126 increased expression of pparg in SC embryos and not NBH embryos, but did not change the expression of fabp1b. Taken together, these results suggest that in killifish embryos the PPARγ pathway is regulated in part by AHR, but is minimally active at least in this early life stage. In killifish, RXR activation, rather than PPARγ activation, appears to be the mechanism by which TBT induces caudal fin teratogenicity, which is not modulated by AHR responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Crawford
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Boston University Superfund Research Program, Boston, MA, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education at Atlantic Ecology Division, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - B W Clark
- Boston University Superfund Research Program, Boston, MA, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education at Atlantic Ecology Division, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - W J Heiger-Bernays
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Boston University Superfund Research Program, Boston, MA, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education at Atlantic Ecology Division, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - S I Karchner
- Boston University Superfund Research Program, Boston, MA, USA; Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education at Atlantic Ecology Division, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - M E Hahn
- Boston University Superfund Research Program, Boston, MA, USA; Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education at Atlantic Ecology Division, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - D E Nacci
- Atlantic Ecology Division, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education at Atlantic Ecology Division, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - J J Schlezinger
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Boston University Superfund Research Program, Boston, MA, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education at Atlantic Ecology Division, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, USA.
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18
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Rapid resistance to pesticide control is predicted to evolve in an invasive fish. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18157. [PMID: 31796760 PMCID: PMC6890735 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54260-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Xenobiotic resistance is commonly found in species with short generation times such as bacteria, annual plants, and insects. Nevertheless, the fundamental evolutionary principles that govern the spread of resistance alleles hold true for species with longer generation times. One such example could occur with sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), a parasitic invasive species in the Laurentian Great Lakes that decimated native fish populations prior to its control with the pesticide 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM). Since the 1950s, tributaries have been treated annually with TFM, where treatments effectively remove most, but not all, larval sea lamprey. We developed an eco-genetic model of sea lamprey to examine factors affecting the evolution of resistance and found that resistance alleles rapidly rise to fixation after 40-80 years of treatment, despite the species' relatively long generation time (4-7 years). The absence of natal homing allows resistant individuals to spread quickly throughout the entire system, but also makes the early detection of resistance challenging. High costs of resistance and density independent reproduction can delay, but not prevent, the onset of resistance. These results illustrate that sea lamprey have the potential to evolve resistance to their primary control agent in the near future, highlighting the urgent need for alternative controls.
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19
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Colín-García NA, Chiappa-Carrara X, Campos JE, Arena-Ortíz ML, Hurtado LA. Differential gene expression of heat shock protein in response to thermal stress, in two Fundulus species endemic to the Gulf of Mexico. REV MEX BIODIVERS 2019. [DOI: 10.22201/ib.20078706e.2019.90.2663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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20
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Oziolor EM, Reid NM, Yair S, Lee KM, Guberman VerPloeg S, Bruns PC, Shaw JR, Whitehead A, Matson CW. Adaptive introgression enables evolutionary rescue from extreme environmental pollution. Science 2019; 364:455-457. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aav4155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Radical environmental change that provokes population decline can impose constraints on the sources of genetic variation that may enable evolutionary rescue. Adaptive toxicant resistance has rapidly evolved in Gulf killifish (Fundulus grandis) that occupy polluted habitats. We show that resistance scales with pollution level and negatively correlates with inducibility of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) signaling. Loci with the strongest signatures of recent selection harbor genes regulating AHR signaling. Two of these loci introgressed recently (18 to 34 generations ago) from Atlantic killifish (F. heteroclitus). One introgressed locus contains a deletion in AHR that confers a large adaptive advantage [selection coefficient (s) = 0.8]. Given the limited migration of killifish, recent adaptive introgression was likely mediated by human-assisted transport. We suggest that interspecies connectivity may be an important source of adaptive variation during extreme environmental change.
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21
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Demin KA, Lakstygal AM, Alekseeva PA, Sysoev M, de Abreu MS, Alpyshov ET, Serikuly N, Wang D, Wang M, Tang Z, Yan D, Strekalova TV, Volgin AD, Amstislavskaya TG, Wang J, Song C, Kalueff AV. The role of intraspecies variation in fish neurobehavioral and neuropharmacological phenotypes in aquatic models. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 210:44-55. [PMID: 30822702 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Intraspecies variation is common in both clinical and animal research of various brain disorders. Relatively well-studied in mammals, intraspecies variation in aquatic fish models and its role in their behavioral and pharmacological responses remain poorly understood. Like humans and mammals, fishes show high variance of behavioral and drug-evoked responses, modulated both genetically and environmentally. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has emerged as a particularly useful model organism tool to access neurobehavioral and drug-evoked responses. Here, we discuss recent findings and the role of the intraspecies variance in neurobehavioral, pharmacological and toxicological studies utilizing zebrafish and other fish models. We also critically evaluate common sources of intraspecies variation and outline potential strategies to improve data reproducibility and translatability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin A Demin
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia; Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anton M Lakstygal
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Granov Russian Research Centre of Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Polina A Alekseeva
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maxim Sysoev
- Granov Russian Research Centre of Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Murilo S de Abreu
- The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA, USA; Bioscience Institute, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Nazar Serikuly
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - DongMei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - MengYao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - ZhiChong Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - DongNi Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tatyana V Strekalova
- Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands; Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology and Department of Normal Physiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey D Volgin
- Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - JiaJia Wang
- Research Institute of Marine Drugs and Nutrition, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Cai Song
- Research Institute of Marine Drugs and Nutrition, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Allan V Kalueff
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia; The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA, USA; Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia; ZENEREI Research Center, Slidell, LA, USA; Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia; Granov Russian Research Centre of Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia.
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22
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Crawford KA, Clark BW, Heiger-Bernays WJ, Karchner SI, Claus Henn BG, Griffith KN, Howes BL, Schlezinger DR, Hahn ME, Nacci DE, Schlezinger JJ. Altered lipid homeostasis in a PCB-resistant Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) population from New Bedford Harbor, MA, U.S.A. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 210:30-43. [PMID: 30822701 PMCID: PMC6544361 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Sentinel species such as the Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) living in urban waterways can be used as toxicological models to understand impacts of environmental metabolism disrupting compound (MDC) exposure on both wildlife and humans. Exposure to MDCs is associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome, including impaired lipid and glucose homeostasis, adipogenesis, appetite control, and basal metabolism. MDCs are ubiquitous in the environment, including in aquatic environments. New Bedford Harbor (NBH), Massachusetts is polluted with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and, as we show for the first time, tin (Sn). PCBs and organotins are ligands for two receptor systems known to regulate lipid homeostasis, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), respectively. In the current study, we compared lipid homeostasis in laboratory-reared killifish from NBH (F2) and a reference location (Scorton Creek, Massachusetts; F1 and F2) to evaluate how adaptation to local conditions may influence responses to MDCs. Adult killifish from each population were exposed to 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126, dioxin-like), 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB153, non-dioxin-like), or tributyltin (TBT, a PPARγ ligand) by a single intraperitoneal injection and analyzed after 3 days. AHR activation was assessed by measuring cyp1a mRNA expression. Lipid homeostasis was evaluated phenotypically by measuring liver triglycerides and organosomatic indices, and at the molecular level by measuring the mRNA expression of pparg and ppara and a target gene for each receptor. Acute MDC exposure did not affect phenotypic outcomes. However, overall NBH killifish had higher liver triglycerides and adiposomatic indices than SC killifish. Both season and population were significant predictors of the lipid phenotype. Acute MDC exposure altered hepatic gene expression only in male killifish from SC. PCB126 exposure induced cyp1a and pparg, whereas PCB153 exposure induced ppara. TBT exposure did not induce ppar-dependent pathways. Comparison of lipid homeostasis in two killifish populations extends our understanding of how MDCs act on fish and provides a basis to infer adaptive benefits of these differences in the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A Crawford
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Boston University Superfund Research Program, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Bryan W Clark
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education at the Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Wendy J Heiger-Bernays
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Boston University Superfund Research Program, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sibel I Karchner
- Boston University Superfund Research Program, Boston, MA, USA; Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Birgit G Claus Henn
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin N Griffith
- Department of Health Law, Policy and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian L Howes
- School for Marine Science and Technology, University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth, New Bedford, MA, USA
| | - David R Schlezinger
- School for Marine Science and Technology, University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth, New Bedford, MA, USA
| | - Mark E Hahn
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Diane E Nacci
- Atlantic Ecology Division, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Jennifer J Schlezinger
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Boston University Superfund Research Program, Boston, MA, USA
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Huang W, Bencic DC, Flick RL, Nacci DE, Clark BW, Burkhard L, Lahren T, Biales AD. Characterization of the Fundulus heteroclitus embryo transcriptional response and development of a gene expression-based fingerprint of exposure for the alternative flame retardant, TBPH (bis (2-ethylhexyl)-tetrabromophthalate). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 247:696-705. [PMID: 30721860 PMCID: PMC7495336 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Although alternative Flame Retardant (FR) chemicals are expected to be safer than the legacy FRs they replace, their risks to human health and the environment are often poorly characterized. This study used a small volume, fish embryo system to reveal potential mechanisms of action and diagnostic exposure patterns for TBPH (bis (2-ethylhexyl)-tetrabromophthalate), a component of several widely-used commercial products. Two different concentration of TBPH were applied to sensitive early life stages of an ecologically important test species, Fundulus heteroclitus (Atlantic killifish), with a well-annotated genome. Exposed fish embryos were sampled for transcriptomics or chemical analysis of parent compound and primary metabolite or observed for development and survival through larval stage. Global transcript profiling using RNA-seq was conducted (n = 16 per treatment) to provide a non-targeted and statistically robust approach to characterize TBPH gene expression patterns. Transcriptomic analysis revealed a dose-response in the expression of genes associated with a surprisingly limited number of biological pathways, but included the aryl hydrocarbon receptor signal transduction pathway, which is known to respond to several toxicologically-important chemical classes. A transcriptional fingerprint using Random Forests was developed that was able to perfectly discriminate exposed vs. non-exposed individuals in test sets. These results suggest that TBPH has a relatively low potential for developmental toxicity (at least in fishes), despite concerns related to its structural similarities to endocrine disrupting chemicals and that the early life stage Fundulus system may provide a convenient test system for exposure characterization. More broadly, this study advances the usefulness of a biological testing and analysis system utilizing non-targeted transcriptomics profiling and early developmental endpoints that complements current screening methods to characterize chemicals of ecological and human health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichun Huang
- U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA
| | - David C Bencic
- U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA
| | - Robert L Flick
- U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA
| | - Diane E Nacci
- U.S. EPA National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, 27 Tarzwell Drive Narragansett, RI, 02882, USA
| | - Bryan W Clark
- U.S. EPA National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, 27 Tarzwell Drive Narragansett, RI, 02882, USA
| | - Lawrence Burkhard
- U.S. EPA National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN, 55804, USA
| | - Tylor Lahren
- U.S. EPA National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN, 55804, USA
| | - Adam D Biales
- U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA.
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Toads phenotypically adjust their chemical defences to anthropogenic habitat change. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3163. [PMID: 30816222 PMCID: PMC6395641 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39587-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the well-documented effects of human-induced environmental changes on the morphology, physiology, behaviour and life history of wild animals, next to nothing is known about how anthropogenic habitats influence anti-predatory chemical defence, a crucial fitness component of many species. We investigated the amount and composition of defensive toxins in adult common toads (Bufo bufo) captured in natural, agricultural and urban habitats, and in their offspring raised in a common-garden experiment. We found that, compared to toads captured from natural habitats, adults from both types of anthropogenic habitats had larger toxin glands (parotoids) and their toxin secretion contained higher concentrations of bufagenins, the more potent class of bufadienolide toxins. Furthermore, urban toads had lower concentrations of bufotoxins, the compounds with lower toxicity. None of these differences were present in the captive-raised juveniles; instead, toadlets originating from agricultural habitats had smaller parotoids and lower bufotoxin concentrations. These results suggest that toads' chemical defences respond to the challenges of anthropogenic environments via phenotypic plasticity. These responses may constitute non-adaptive consequences of pollution by endocrine-disrupting chemicals as well as adaptive adjustments to the altered predator assemblages of urban and agricultural habitats.
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25
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Nikinmaa M, Anttila K. Individual variation in aquatic toxicology: Not only unwanted noise. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 207:29-33. [PMID: 30508650 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The mean value of any parameter and its changes are usually discussed, when ecotoxicological studies are carried out. However, also the variation of any parameter and its changes can be important components of the responses to environmental contamination. Although the homogeneity of variances is commonly tested, testing is done for the use of correct statistical methods, not because of exploring the possibility that variability and its changes could be important components of environmental responses. We evaluated recent aquatic toxicological literature and found that in the majority of articles indicating that homogeneity of variances was tested and giving the result of testing, the assumption of homogeneity was not fulfilled. Further, it was observed that in some studies experimental treatment clearly affected the variability. In this commentary we discuss the reasons for variability: measurement errors, experimental design, genetic heterogeneity and phenotypic plasticity, and conclude that even after accounting for experimental design and genetic makeup significant variability remains. This plasticity may change in environmental responses as suggested by a hypothetical example, and as confirmed by experimental data. As a consequence, the changes of variability can be significant, even when the means do not differ. Because of this, variability and its changes should always be analysed and reported. This will be easy, since the datasets are exactly the same for comparing the variances and means, and as normally variances are tested for homogeneity. It is likely that much new information about the responses of organisms to environmental contamination will be obtained. However, the present journal practises tend to discourage one from concentrating on anything but the mean. In contrast, we think it is imperative that variability is always included as an endpoint in data analysis in the future.
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26
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Hou QZ, Pang X, Wang YP, Sun K, Jia LY, Zhang SH, Li QX. Urbanization threaten the pollination of Gentiana dahurica. Sci Rep 2019; 9:583. [PMID: 30679533 PMCID: PMC6345766 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36773-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
With rapid spread of the urbanization, many environmental factors, such as climate, soil pH and nutrients have been changed. However, the plant pollination affected by urbanization was seldom conducted. Here, we studied the flower visitation rates, seed production, pollen limitation and flower morphological characters of Gentiana dahurica at 3 populations along an urban-peri-urban gradient around Xi'ning over 4 consecutive years, aiming to test the effects of urbanization on plant pollination service. Our results showed that the pollinator visit frequencies, interannual stability of pollinator assemblages and visit frequencies declined with the intensification of urbanization. As urbanization intensified, plant borne more flowers and the flower morphological sizes became "longer" (the length of flowers, filaments and styles were increased, but the width of flowers kept stable at the 3 populations); the flower duration, especially the female phase duration prolonged. The seed-set ratio of G. dahurica in natural condition decreased and more severe pollen limitation occurred in more urbanized populations. Also, an interannual variation of seed-set ratio and index of pollen limitation (IPL), which related with the variation of pollinator visit frequencies, were found in this study. These results suggest that the pollination service can be threatened by urbanization over a long-time interval for G. dahurica. This finding highlights the importance of pollinator affections acting on plant pollination system. Additionally, as pollinator assemblages and visit frequencies interannually changed, a long-time scale observation is needed to understand the plant-pollinator relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Zheng Hou
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China.
| | - Xia Pang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China
| | - Yu-Pei Wang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Kun Sun
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China
| | - Ling-Yun Jia
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China
| | - Shi-Hu Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China
| | - Qiao-Xia Li
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China
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27
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Memory effect of arsenic-induced cellular response and its influences on toxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticle. Sci Rep 2019; 9:107. [PMID: 30643164 PMCID: PMC6331635 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36455-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxicity of arsenic (As) has been widely characterized. However, few studies focus on whether cell responses induced by As at nontoxic concentration could be inherited and further change cell tolerance to another pollutant. In this study, human A549 and HeLa cells were exposed to As at nontoxic concentrations for 10 or 15 passages, then the cells were recovered in the cell medium without As. At 25th passage, residual As in both type of cells was completely removed through the recovery process. And no abnormity in cell viability was identified in both type of cells between control and As-treated groups. Above results indicated that As exposure-recovery treatment had limited influence on phenotype of the cells. However, gene expression profiles determined by high-throughput sequencing showed that As exposure-recovery treatment induced similar expression modification of genes related to inflammation, oxidative stress and epigenetic modulation in the A549 and HeLa cells after recovery of 10 or 15 passages, indicating that As-induced cellular responses have been partially memorized at transcriptional level. The memory effect might play key roles in increased tolerance of the A549 and HeLa cells to adverse effects (cell viability, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and plasma membrane damage) induced by titanium dioxide nanoparticles (as representative pollutant). This study shed new lights on toxic effects induced by As at nontoxic concentration, which is useful for risk assessment of combined effects of As and other pollutants.
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28
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Glazer L, Kido Soule MC, Longnecker K, Kujawinski EB, Aluru N. Hepatic metabolite profiling of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-resistant and sensitive populations of Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 205:114-122. [PMID: 30368057 PMCID: PMC6246827 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Atlantic killifish inhabiting polluted sites along the east coast of the U.S. have evolved resistance to toxic effects of contaminants. One such contaminated site is the Acushnet River estuary, near New Bedford Harbor (NBH), Massachusetts, which is characterized by very high PCB concentrations in the sediments and in the tissues of resident killifish. Though killifish at this site appear to be thriving, the metabolic costs of survival in a highly contaminated environment are not well understood. In this study we compared the hepatic metabolite profiles of resistant (NBH) and sensitive populations (Scorton Creek (SC), Sandwich, MA) using a targeted metabolomics approach in which polar metabolites were extracted from adult fish livers and quantified. Our results revealed differences in the levels of several metabolites between fish from the two sites. The majority of these metabolites are associated with one-carbon metabolism, an important pathway that supports multiple physiological processes including DNA and protein methylation, nucleic acid biosynthesis and amino acid metabolism. We measured the gene expression of DNA methylation (DNA methyltransferase 1, dnmt1) and demethylation genes (Ten-Eleven Translocation (TET) genes) in the two populations, and observed lower levels of dnmt1 and higher levels of TET gene expression in the NBH livers, suggesting possible differences in DNA methylation profiles. Consistent with this, the two populations differed significantly in the levels of 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine nucleotides. Overall, our results suggest that the unique hepatic metabolite signatures observed in NBH and SC reflect the adaptive mechanisms for survival in their respective habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilah Glazer
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, United States; School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Melissa C Kido Soule
- Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, United States
| | - Krista Longnecker
- Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, United States
| | - Elizabeth B Kujawinski
- Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, United States
| | - Neelakanteswar Aluru
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, United States.
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29
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Mandic M, Ramon ML, Gerstein AC, Gracey AY, Richards JG. Variable gene transcription underlies phenotypic convergence of hypoxia tolerance in sculpins. BMC Evol Biol 2018; 18:163. [PMID: 30390629 PMCID: PMC6215679 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-018-1275-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The degree by which mechanisms underlying phenotypic convergence are similar among taxa depends on the number of evolutionary paths available for selection to act upon. Likelihood of convergence will be influenced by an interplay of factors such as genetic architecture, phylogenetic history and population demography. To determine if there is convergence or divergence in mechanisms underlying phenotypic similarity, we assessed whether gene transcription patterns differed among species with similar levels of hypoxia tolerance. Results Three species of marine fish from the superfamily Cottoidea (smoothhead sculpin [Artedius lateralis], sailfin sculpin [Nautichthys oculofasciatus] and Pacific staghorn sculpin [Leptocottus armatus]), all of which have previously been shown to share the same level of hypoxia tolerance, were exposed to short-(8 h) and longer-term (72 h) hypoxia and mRNA transcripts were assessed using a custom microarray. We examined hypoxia-induced transcription patterns in metabolic and protein production pathways and found that a high proportion of genes associated with these biological processes showed significant differences among the species. Specifically, the data suggest that the smoothhead sculpin, unlike the sailfin sculpin and the Pacific staghorn sculpin, relied on amino acid degradation rather than glycolysis or fatty acid oxidation to generate ATP during hypoxia exposure. There was also variation across the species in the transcription of genes involved in protein production (e.g. mRNA processing and protein translation), such that it increased in the smoothhead sculpin, decreased in the sailfin sculpin and was variable in the Pacific staghorn sculpin. Conclusions Changes in metabolic and protein production pathways are part of the key responses of fishes to exposures to environmental hypoxia. Yet, species with similar overall hypoxia tolerance exhibited different transcriptional responses in these pathways, indicating flexibility and complexity of interactions in the evolution of the mechanisms underlying the hypoxia tolerance phenotype. The variation in the hypoxia-induced transcription of genes across species with similar hypoxia tolerance suggests that similar whole-animal phenotypes can emerge from divergent evolutionary paths that may affect metabolically important functions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12862-018-1275-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Mandic
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada. .,Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, 100 Pachena Dr, Bamfield, BC, V0R 1B0, Canada.
| | - Marina L Ramon
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0371, USA
| | - Aleeza C Gerstein
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, 321 Church Street, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Andrew Y Gracey
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0371, USA
| | - Jeffrey G Richards
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.,Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, 100 Pachena Dr, Bamfield, BC, V0R 1B0, Canada
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30
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Dick C, Arendt J, Reznick DN, Hayashi CY. The developmental and genetic trajectory of coloration in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata). Evol Dev 2018; 20:207-218. [PMID: 30191662 DOI: 10.1111/ede.12268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Examining the association between trait variation and development is crucial for understanding the evolution of phenotypic differences. Male guppy ornamental caudal fin coloration is one trait that shows a striking degree of variation within and between guppy populations. Males initially have no caudal fin coloration, then gradually develop it as they reach sexual maturity. For males, there is a trade-off between female preference for caudal fin coloration and increased visibility to predators. This trade-off may reach unique endpoints in males from different predation regimes. Caudal fin coloration includes black melanin, orange/yellow pteridines or carotenoids, and shimmering iridescence. This study examined the phenotypic trajectory and genetics associated with color development. We found that black coloration always developed first, followed by orange/yellow, then iridescence. The ordering and timing of color appearance was the same regardless of predation regime. The increased expression of melanin synthesis genes correlated well with the visual appearance of black coloration, but there was no correlation between carotenoids or pteridine synthesis gene expression and the appearance of orange/yellow. The lack of orange/yellow coloration in earlier male caudal fin developmental stages may be due to reduced expression of genes underlying the development of orange/yellow xanthophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Dick
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California
| | - Jeff Arendt
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California
| | - David N Reznick
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California
| | - Cheryl Y Hayashi
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology and Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York
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31
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Bókony V, Üveges B, Ujhegyi N, Verebélyi V, Nemesházi E, Csíkvári O, Hettyey A. Endocrine disruptors in breeding ponds and reproductive health of toads in agricultural, urban and natural landscapes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 634:1335-1345. [PMID: 29710633 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Many chemical pollutants have endocrine disrupting effects which can cause lifelong reproductive abnormalities in animals. Amphibians are the most threatened group of vertebrates, but there is little information on the nature and quantity of pollutants occurring in typical amphibian breeding habitats and on the reproductive capacities of amphibian populations inhabiting polluted areas. In this study we investigated the occurrence and concentrations of endocrine disrupting chemicals in the water and sediment of under-studied amphibian breeding habitats in natural, agricultural and urbanized landscapes. Also, we captured reproductively active common toads (Bufo bufo) from these habitats and let them spawn in a 'common garden' to assess among-population differences in reproductive capacity. Across 12 ponds, we detected 41 out of the 133 contaminants we screened for, with unusually high concentrations of glyphosate and carbamazepine. Levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nonylphenol and bisphenol-A increased with urban land use, whereas levels of organochlorine and triazine pesticides and sex hormones increased with agricultural land use. Toads from all habitats had high fecundity, fertilization rate and offspring viability, but the F1 generation originating from agricultural and urban ponds had reduced development rates and lower body mass both as larvae and as juveniles. Females with small clutch mass produced thicker jelly coat around their eggs if they originated from agricultural and urban ponds compared with natural ponds. These results suggest that the observed pollution levels did not compromise reproductive potential in toads, but individual fitness and population viability may be reduced in anthropogenically influenced habitats, perhaps due to transgenerational effects and/or costs of tolerance to chemical contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Bókony
- Lendület Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Herman Ottó út 15, 1022 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Bálint Üveges
- Lendület Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Herman Ottó út 15, 1022 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Ujhegyi
- Lendület Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Herman Ottó út 15, 1022 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viktória Verebélyi
- Lendület Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Herman Ottó út 15, 1022 Budapest, Hungary; Institute for Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Rottenbiller u. 50, 1077 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edina Nemesházi
- Lendület Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Herman Ottó út 15, 1022 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Olivér Csíkvári
- HPLC and HPLC-MS Group, Organic Analytical Department, Bálint Analitika Kft, Fehérvári út 144, 1116 Budapest, Hungary; Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Hettyey
- Lendület Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Herman Ottó út 15, 1022 Budapest, Hungary
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Irwin RE, Warren PS, Adler LS. Phenotypic selection on floral traits in an urban landscape. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 285:20181239. [PMID: 30111599 PMCID: PMC6111176 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.1239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Native species are increasingly living in urban landscapes associated with abiotic and biotic changes that may influence patterns of phenotypic selection. However, measures of selection in urban and non-urban environments, and exploration of the mechanisms associated with such changes, are uncommon. Plant-animal interactions have played a central role in the evolution of flowering plants and are sensitive to changes in the urban landscape, and thus provide opportunities to explore how urban environments modify selection. We evaluated patterns of phenotypic selection on the floral and resistance traits of Gelsemium sempervirens in urban and non-urban sites. The urban landscape had increased florivory and decreased pollen receipt, but showed only modest differences in patterns of selection. Directional selection for one trait, larger floral display size, was stronger in urban compared to non-urban sites. Neither quadratic nor correlational selection significantly differed between urban and non-urban sites. Pollination was associated with selection for larger floral display size in urban compared to non-urban sites, due to the differences in the translation of pollination into seeds rather than pollinator selectivity. Thus, our data suggest that urban landscapes may not result in sweeping differences in phenotypic selection but rather modest differences for some traits, potentially mediated by species interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Irwin
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Paige S Warren
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Lynn S Adler
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Sutton AO, Turko AJ, McLaughlin RL, Wright PA. Behavioral and Physiological Responses of an Amphibious, Euryhaline Mangrove Fish to Acute Salinity Exposure. COPEIA 2018. [DOI: 10.1643/cp-17-665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Nunez JCB, Biancani LM, Flight PA, Nacci DE, Rand DM, Crawford DL, Oleksiak MF. Stable genetic structure and connectivity in pollution-adapted and nearby pollution-sensitive populations of Fundulus heteroclitus. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:171532. [PMID: 29892357 PMCID: PMC5990737 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.171532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Populations of the non-migratory estuarine fish Fundulus heteroclitus inhabiting the heavily polluted New Bedford Harbour (NBH) estuary have shown inherited tolerance to local pollutants introduced to their habitats in the past 100 years. Here we examine two questions: (i) Is there pollution-driven selection on the mitochondrial genome across a fine geographical scale? and (ii) What is the pattern of migration among sites spanning a strong pollution gradient? Whole mitochondrial genomes were analysed for 133 F. heteroclitus from seven nearby collection sites: four sites along the NBH pollution cline (approx. 5 km distance), which had pollution-adapted fish, as well as one site adjacent to the pollution cline and two relatively unpolluted sites about 30 km away, which had pollution-sensitive fish. Additionally, we used microsatellite analyses to quantify genetic variation over three F. heteroclitus generations in both pollution-adapted and sensitive individuals collected from two sites at two different time points (1999/2000 and 2007/2008). Our results show no evidence for a selective sweep of mtDNA in the polluted sites. Moreover, mtDNA analyses revealed that both pollution-adapted and sensitive populations harbour similar levels of genetic diversity. We observed a high level of non-synonymous mutations in the most polluted site. This is probably associated with a reduction in Ne and concomitant weakening of purifying selection, a demographic expansion following a pollution-related bottleneck or increased mutation rates. Our demographic analyses suggest that isolation by distance influences the distribution of mtDNA genetic variation between the pollution cline and the clean populations at broad spatial scales. At finer scales, population structure is patchy, and neither spatial distance, pollution concentration or pollution tolerance is a good predictor of mtDNA variation. Lastly, microsatellite analyses revealed stable population structure over the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin C. B. Nunez
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, 80 Waterman Street, Box G, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Leann M. Biancani
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, 80 Waterman Street, Box G, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Patrick A. Flight
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, 80 Waterman Street, Box G, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Diane E. Nacci
- Population Ecology Branch, Atlantic Ecology Division, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA
| | - David M. Rand
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, 80 Waterman Street, Box G, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Douglas L. Crawford
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA
| | - Marjorie F. Oleksiak
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA
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35
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Renn SC, Machado HE, Duftner N, Sessa AK, Harris RM, Hofmann HA. Gene expression signatures of mating system evolution. Genome 2018; 61:287-297. [DOI: 10.1139/gen-2017-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The diversity of mating systems among animals is astounding. Importantly, similar mating systems have evolved even across distantly related taxa. However, our understanding of the mechanisms underlying these convergently evolved phenotypes is limited. Here, we examine on a genomic scale the neuromolecular basis of social organization in cichlids of the tribe Ectodini from Lake Tanganyika. Using field-collected males and females of four closely related species representing two independent evolutionary transitions from polygyny to monogamy, we take a comparative transcriptomic approach to test the hypothesis that these independent transitions have recruited similar gene sets. Our results demonstrate that while lineage and species exert a strong influence on neural gene expression profiles, social phenotype can also drive gene expression evolution. Specifically, 331 genes (∼6% of those assayed) were associated with monogamous mating systems independent of species or sex. Among these genes, we find a strong bias (4:1 ratio) toward genes with increased expression in monogamous individuals. A highly conserved nonapeptide system known to be involved in the regulation of social behavior across animals was not associated with mating system in our analysis. Overall, our findings suggest deep molecular homologies underlying the convergent or parallel evolution of monogamy in different cichlid lineages of Ectodini.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heather E. Machado
- Department of Biology, Reed College
- Department of Biology, Stanford University
| | - Nina Duftner
- Department of Integrative Biology, the University of Texas at Austin
| | - Anna K. Sessa
- Department of Integrative Biology, the University of Texas at Austin
| | - Rayna M. Harris
- Department of Integrative Biology, the University of Texas at Austin
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, the University of Texas at Austin
| | - Hans A. Hofmann
- Department of Integrative Biology, the University of Texas at Austin
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, the University of Texas at Austin
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Institute for Neuroscience, the University of Texas at Austin
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Abstract
Our planet is an increasingly urbanized landscape, with over half of the human population residing in cities. Despite advances in urban ecology, we do not adequately understand how urbanization affects the evolution of organisms, nor how this evolution may affect ecosystems and human health. Here, we review evidence for the effects of urbanization on the evolution of microbes, plants, and animals that inhabit cities. Urbanization affects adaptive and nonadaptive evolutionary processes that shape the genetic diversity within and between populations. Rapid adaptation has facilitated the success of some native species in urban areas, but it has also allowed human pests and disease to spread more rapidly. The nascent field of urban evolution brings together efforts to understand evolution in response to environmental change while developing new hypotheses concerning adaptation to urban infrastructure and human socioeconomic activity. The next generation of research on urban evolution will provide critical insight into the importance of evolution for sustainable interactions between humans and our city environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc T J Johnson
- Department of Biology and Center for Urban Environments, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason Munshi-South
- Department of Biological Sciences and Louis Calder Center, Fordham University, Armonk, NY, USA.
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37
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Vittecoq M, Giraudeau M, Sepp T, Marcogliese DJ, Klaassen M, Renaud F, Ujvari B, Thomas F. Turning natural adaptations to oncogenic factors into an ally in the war against cancer. Evol Appl 2018; 11:836-844. [PMID: 29928293 PMCID: PMC5999213 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Both field and experimental evolution studies have demonstrated that organisms naturally or artificially exposed to environmental oncogenic factors can, sometimes rapidly, evolve specific adaptations to cope with pollutants and their adverse effects on fitness. Although numerous pollutants are mutagenic and carcinogenic, little attention has been given to exploring the extent to which adaptations displayed by organisms living in oncogenic environments could inspire novel cancer treatments, through mimicking the processes allowing these organisms to prevent or limit malignant progression. Building on a substantial knowledge base from the literature, we here present and discuss this progressive and promising research direction, advocating closer collaboration between the fields of medicine, ecology, and evolution in the war against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Vittecoq
- Institut de Recherche de la Tour du Valat Arles France.,CREEC/MIVEGEC IRD CNRS University of Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - Mathieu Giraudeau
- School of Life Sciences Arizona State University Tempe AZ USA.,Centre for Ecology & Conservation College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Penryn UK
| | - Tuul Sepp
- School of Life Sciences Arizona State University Tempe AZ USA.,Department of Zoology University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - David J Marcogliese
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division Water Science and Technology Directorate Environment and Climate Change Canada St. Lawrence Centre Montreal QC Canada.,Fisheries and Oceans Canada St. Andrews Biological Station St. Andrews NB Canada
| | - Marcel Klaassen
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences Centre for Integrative Ecology Deakin University Deakin Vic. Australia
| | - François Renaud
- CREEC/MIVEGEC IRD CNRS University of Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - Beata Ujvari
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences Centre for Integrative Ecology Deakin University Deakin Vic. Australia.,School of Biological Sciences University of Tasmania Hobart TAS Australia
| | - Frédéric Thomas
- CREEC/MIVEGEC IRD CNRS University of Montpellier Montpellier France
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38
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Alberti M, Marzluff J, Hunt VM. Urban driven phenotypic changes: empirical observations and theoretical implications for eco-evolutionary feedback. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017; 372:rstb.2016.0029. [PMID: 27920374 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence that cities drive micro-evolution raises the question of whether rapid urbanization of Earth might impact ecosystems by causing systemic changes in functional traits that regulate urban ecosystems' productivity and stability. Intraspecific trait variation-variation in organisms' morphological, physiological or behavioural characteristics stemming from genetic variability and phenotypic plasticity-has significant implications for ecological functions such as nutrient cycling and primary productivity. While it is well established that changes in ecological conditions can drive evolutionary change in species' traits that, in turn, can alter ecosystem function, an understanding of the reciprocal and simultaneous processes associated with such interactions is only beginning to emerge. In urban settings, the potential for rapid trait change may be exacerbated by multiple selection pressures operating simultaneously. This paper reviews evidence on mechanisms linking urban development patterns to rapid phenotypic changes, and differentiates phenotypic changes for which there is evidence of micro-evolution versus phenotypic changes which may represent plasticity. Studying how humans mediate phenotypic trait changes through urbanization could shed light on fundamental concepts in ecological and evolutionary theory. It can also contribute to our understanding of eco-evolutionary feedback and provide insights for maintaining ecosystem function over the long term.This article is part of the themed issue 'Human influences on evolution, and the ecological and societal consequences'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Alberti
- Department of Urban Design and Planning, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - John Marzluff
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Victoria M Hunt
- Department of Urban Design and Planning, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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39
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Conservation Evo-Devo: Preserving Biodiversity by Understanding Its Origins. Trends Ecol Evol 2017; 32:746-759. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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40
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Parallel habitat acclimatization is realized by the expression of different genes in two closely related salamander species (genus Salamandra). Heredity (Edinb) 2017; 119:429-437. [PMID: 28953268 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2017.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The utilization of similar habitats by different species provides an ideal opportunity to identify genes underlying adaptation and acclimatization. Here, we analysed the gene expression of two closely related salamander species: Salamandra salamandra in Central Europe and Salamandra infraimmaculata in the Near East. These species inhabit similar habitat types: 'temporary ponds' and 'permanent streams' during larval development. We developed two species-specific gene expression microarrays, each targeting over 12 000 transcripts, including an overlapping subset of 8331 orthologues. Gene expression was examined for systematic differences between temporary ponds and permanent streams in larvae from both salamander species to establish gene sets and functions associated with these two habitat types. Only 20 orthologues were associated with a habitat in both species, but these orthologues did not show parallel expression patterns across species more than expected by chance. Functional annotation of a set of 106 genes with the highest effect size for a habitat suggested four putative gene function categories associated with a habitat in both species: cell proliferation, neural development, oxygen responses and muscle capacity. Among these high effect size genes was a single orthologue (14-3-3 protein zeta/YWHAZ) that was downregulated in temporary ponds in both species. The emergence of four gene function categories combined with a lack of parallel expression of orthologues (except 14-3-3 protein zeta) suggests that parallel habitat adaptation or acclimatization by larvae from S. salamandra and S. infraimmaculata to temporary ponds and permanent streams is mainly realized by different genes with a converging functionality.
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41
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Brady SP, Richardson JL, Kunz BK. Incorporating evolutionary insights to improve ecotoxicology for freshwater species. Evol Appl 2017; 10:829-838. [PMID: 29151874 PMCID: PMC5680426 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecotoxicological studies have provided extensive insights into the lethal and sublethal effects of environmental contaminants. These insights are critical for environmental regulatory frameworks, which rely on knowledge of toxicity for developing policies to manage contaminants. While varied approaches have been applied to ecotoxicological questions, perspectives related to the evolutionary history of focal species or populations have received little consideration. Here, we evaluate chloride toxicity from the perspectives of both macroevolution and contemporary evolution. First, by mapping chloride toxicity values derived from the literature onto a phylogeny of macroinvertebrates, fish, and amphibians, we tested whether macroevolutionary relationships across species and taxa are predictive of chloride tolerance. Next, we conducted chloride exposure tests for two amphibian species to assess whether potential contemporary evolutionary change associated with environmental chloride contamination influences chloride tolerance across local populations. We show that explicitly evaluating both macroevolution and contemporary evolution can provide important and even qualitatively different insights from those obtained via traditional ecotoxicological studies. While macroevolutionary perspectives can help forecast toxicological end points for species with untested sensitivities, contemporary evolutionary perspectives demonstrate the need to consider the environmental context of exposed populations when measuring toxicity. Accounting for divergence among populations of interest can provide more accurate and relevant information related to the sensitivity of populations that may be evolving in response to selection from contaminant exposure. Our data show that approaches accounting for and specifically examining variation among natural populations should become standard practice in ecotoxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven P. Brady
- Biology DepartmentSouthern Connecticut State UniversityNew HavenCTUSA
- School of Forestry and Environmental StudiesYale UniversityNew HavenCTUSA
| | | | - Bethany K. Kunz
- U.S. Geological SurveyColumbia Environmental Research CenterColumbiaMOUSA
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42
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Lee CE, Remfert JL, Opgenorth T, Lee KM, Stanford E, Connolly JW, Kim J, Tomke S. Evolutionary responses to crude oil from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill by the copepod Eurytemora affinis. Evol Appl 2017; 10:813-828. [PMID: 29151873 PMCID: PMC5680418 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Disaster was the most catastrophic offshore oil spill in U.S. history, yet we still have a poor understanding of how organisms could evolve in response to the toxic effects of crude oil. This study offers a rare analysis of how fitness-related traits could evolve rapidly in response to crude oil toxicity. We examined evolutionary responses of populations of the common copepod Eurytemora affinis residing in the Gulf of Mexico, by comparing crude oil tolerance of populations collected before versus after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill of 2010. In addition, we imposed laboratory selection for crude oil tolerance for ~8 generations, using an E. affinis population collected from before the oil spill. We found evolutionary increases in crude oil tolerance in the wild population following the oil spill, relative to the population collected before the oil spill. The post-oil spill population showed increased survival and rapid development time in the presence of crude oil. In contrast, evolutionary responses following laboratory selection were less clear; though, development time from metamorphosis to adult in the presence of crude oil did become more rapid after selection. We did find that the wild population, used in both experiments, harbored significant genetic variation in crude oil tolerance, upon which selection could act. Thus, our study indicated that crude oil tolerance could evolve, but perhaps not on the relatively short time scale of the laboratory selection experiment. This study contributes novel insights into evolutionary responses to crude oil, in directly examining fitness-related traits before and after an oil spill, and in observing evolutionary responses following laboratory selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Eunmi Lee
- Center of Rapid Evolution (CORE) and Department of Integrative Biology University of Wisconsin, Madison Madison WI USA
| | - Jane Louise Remfert
- Center of Rapid Evolution (CORE) and Department of Integrative Biology University of Wisconsin, Madison Madison WI USA
| | - Taylor Opgenorth
- Center of Rapid Evolution (CORE) and Department of Integrative Biology University of Wisconsin, Madison Madison WI USA
| | - Kristin M Lee
- Center of Rapid Evolution (CORE) and Department of Integrative Biology University of Wisconsin, Madison Madison WI USA
| | - Elizabeth Stanford
- Center of Rapid Evolution (CORE) and Department of Integrative Biology University of Wisconsin, Madison Madison WI USA
| | - Joseph William Connolly
- Center of Rapid Evolution (CORE) and Department of Integrative Biology University of Wisconsin, Madison Madison WI USA
| | - Jinwoo Kim
- Center of Rapid Evolution (CORE) and Department of Integrative Biology University of Wisconsin, Madison Madison WI USA
| | - Sarah Tomke
- Center of Rapid Evolution (CORE) and Department of Integrative Biology University of Wisconsin, Madison Madison WI USA
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43
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Passow CN, Brown AP, Arias-Rodriguez L, Yee MC, Sockell A, Schartl M, Warren WC, Bustamante C, Kelley JL, Tobler M. Complexities of gene expression patterns in natural populations of an extremophile fish (Poecilia mexicana, Poeciliidae). Mol Ecol 2017; 26:4211-4225. [PMID: 28598519 PMCID: PMC5731456 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Variation in gene expression can provide insights into organismal responses to environmental stress and physiological mechanisms mediating adaptation to habitats with contrasting environmental conditions. We performed an RNA-sequencing experiment to quantify gene expression patterns in fish adapted to habitats with different combinations of environmental stressors, including the presence of toxic hydrogen sulphide (H2 S) and the absence of light in caves. We specifically asked how gene expression varies among populations living in different habitats, whether population differences were consistent among organs, and whether there is evidence for shared expression responses in populations exposed to the same stressors. We analysed organ-specific transcriptome-wide data from four ecotypes of Poecilia mexicana (nonsulphidic surface, sulphidic surface, nonsulphidic cave and sulphidic cave). The majority of variation in gene expression was correlated with organ type, and the presence of specific environmental stressors elicited unique expression differences among organs. Shared patterns of gene expression between populations exposed to the same environmental stressors increased with levels of organismal organization (from transcript to gene to physiological pathway). In addition, shared patterns of gene expression were more common between populations from sulphidic than populations from cave habitats, potentially indicating that physiochemical stressors with clear biochemical consequences can constrain the diversity of adaptive solutions that mitigate their adverse effects. Overall, our analyses provided insights into transcriptional variation in a unique system, in which adaptation to H2 S and darkness coincide. Functional annotations of differentially expressed genes provide a springboard for investigating physiological mechanisms putatively underlying adaptation to extreme environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony P. Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Lenin Arias-Rodriguez
- División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, México
| | - Muh-Ching Yee
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Manfred Schartl
- Physiological Chemistry, Biozentrum, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Texas A&M Institute for Advanced Study and Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Wesley C. Warren
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Joanna L. Kelley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Michael Tobler
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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44
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Jørgensen EH, Maule AG, Evenset A, Christensen G, Bytningsvik J, Frantzen M, Nikiforov V, Faught E, Vijayan MM. Biomarker response and hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal axis functioning in Arctic charr from Bjørnøya (74°30' N), Norway, with high levels of organohalogenated compounds. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 187:64-71. [PMID: 28384517 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The populations of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) residing in Lake Ellasjøen at Bjørnøya Island in the Norwegian Arctic (74° 30'N, 19° 00'E) possess substantially higher levels of organohalogenated compounds (strongly dominated by polychlorinated biphenyls, PCBs) than conspecifics residing in other, proximate lakes on the island. In the present study we sampled large (<400g), immature charr from Lake Ellasjøen (high PCB levels) and Lake Laksvatn (reference lake, low PCB levels) by hook and line for an immediate blood sampling, and blood and tissue sampling after a 1h confinement stressor. This was done in order to investigate possible effects of pollutants on an acute stress performance in a high-latitude fish species by comparing muscle PCB levels, hepatic cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) biomarker activation and functioning of the hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis between these two populations of Arctic charr. As expected sum PCB muscle levels were 8-fold higher on a wet weigh basis, and 19-fold higher on a lipid weight basis, in charr from Ellasjøen than in charr from Laksvatn. This was accompanied by a 3.5-fold higher liver cyp1a mRNA abundance in the Ellasjøen charr compared to Laksvatn charr. Brain transcript levels encoding glucocorticoid receptor 1 and 2 (GR2) and corticotropin-releasing factor, and pituitary transcript levels encoding GR2 and proopiomelanocortin A1 and A2 were higher in Ellasjøen charr than in Laksvatn charr, while interrenal transcript levels encoding melanocortin 2 receptor and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein were lower. There were no differences in plasma cortisol concentration between the two charr populations immediately after capture and one hour after confinement. The strong biomarker response to OHCs and altered mRNA abundances of key genes related to HPI axis functioning in the Ellasjøen charr suggest endocrine disruptive effects of OHCs in this charr population. Possible ecological implications are not known, but it cannot be excluded that a slower growth rate in Ellasjøen charr compared to Laksvatn charr due to an increased metabolic demand associated with the activation of xenobiotic defense and detoxification systems may have contributed to the lower body mass of Ellasjøen charr compared to Laksvatn charr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Even H Jørgensen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037, Tormsø, Norway.
| | - Alec G Maule
- United States Geological Survey (Retired), 441 Ashley Dr. Underwood, WA 98651, USA.
| | - Anita Evenset
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037, Tormsø, Norway; Akvaplan-niva AS, Fram Centre-High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, Hjalmar Johansens Gate 14, 9007 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Guttorm Christensen
- Akvaplan-niva AS, Fram Centre-High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, Hjalmar Johansens Gate 14, 9007 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Jenny Bytningsvik
- Akvaplan-niva AS, Fram Centre-High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, Hjalmar Johansens Gate 14, 9007 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Marianne Frantzen
- Akvaplan-niva AS, Fram Centre-High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, Hjalmar Johansens Gate 14, 9007 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Vladimir Nikiforov
- Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Fram Centre-High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, Hjalmar Johansens Gate 14, 9007 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Erin Faught
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N1N4, Canada.
| | - Mathilakath M Vijayan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N1N4, Canada.
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45
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Whitehead A, Clark BW, Reid NM, Hahn ME, Nacci D. When evolution is the solution to pollution: Key principles, and lessons from rapid repeated adaptation of killifish ( Fundulus heteroclitus) populations. Evol Appl 2017; 10:762-783. [PMID: 29151869 PMCID: PMC5680427 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
For most species, evolutionary adaptation is not expected to be sufficiently rapid to buffer the effects of human‐mediated environmental changes, including environmental pollution. Here we review how key features of populations, the characteristics of environmental pollution, and the genetic architecture underlying adaptive traits, may interact to shape the likelihood of evolutionary rescue from pollution. Large populations of Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) persist in some of the most contaminated estuaries of the United States, and killifish studies have provided some of the first insights into the types of genomic changes that enable rapid evolutionary rescue from complexly degraded environments. We describe how selection by industrial pollutants and other stressors has acted on multiple populations of killifish and posit that extreme nucleotide diversity uniquely positions this species for successful evolutionary adaptation. Mechanistic studies have identified some of the genetic underpinnings of adaptation to a well‐studied class of toxic pollutants; however, multiple genetic regions under selection in wild populations seem to reflect more complex responses to diverse native stressors and/or compensatory responses to primary adaptation. The discovery of these pollution‐adapted killifish populations suggests that the evolutionary influence of anthropogenic stressors as selective agents occurs widely. Yet adaptation to chemical pollution in terrestrial and aquatic vertebrate wildlife may rarely be a successful “solution to pollution” because potentially adaptive phenotypes may be complex and incur fitness costs, and therefore be unlikely to evolve quickly enough, especially in species with small population sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Whitehead
- Department of Environmental Toxicology University of California Davis Davis CA USA
| | - Bryan W Clark
- Atlantic Ecology Division National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education US Environmental Protection Agency Narragansett RI USA
| | - Noah M Reid
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology University of Connecticut Storrs CT USA
| | - Mark E Hahn
- Department of Biology Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole MA USA.,Superfund Research Program Boston University Boston MA USA
| | - Diane Nacci
- Atlantic Ecology Division National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development US Environmental Protection Agency Narragansett RI USA
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46
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Leung MCK, Procter AC, Goldstone JV, Foox J, DeSalle R, Mattingly CJ, Siddall ME, Timme-Laragy AR. Applying evolutionary genetics to developmental toxicology and risk assessment. Reprod Toxicol 2017; 69:174-186. [PMID: 28267574 PMCID: PMC5829367 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Evolutionary thinking continues to challenge our views on health and disease. Yet, there is a communication gap between evolutionary biologists and toxicologists in recognizing the connections among developmental pathways, high-throughput screening, and birth defects in humans. To increase our capability in identifying potential developmental toxicants in humans, we propose to apply evolutionary genetics to improve the experimental design and data interpretation with various in vitro and whole-organism models. We review five molecular systems of stress response and update 18 consensual cell-cell signaling pathways that are the hallmark for early development, organogenesis, and differentiation; and revisit the principles of teratology in light of recent advances in high-throughput screening, big data techniques, and systems toxicology. Multiscale systems modeling plays an integral role in the evolutionary approach to cross-species extrapolation. Phylogenetic analysis and comparative bioinformatics are both valuable tools in identifying and validating the molecular initiating events that account for adverse developmental outcomes in humans. The discordance of susceptibility between test species and humans (ontogeny) reflects their differences in evolutionary history (phylogeny). This synthesis not only can lead to novel applications in developmental toxicity and risk assessment, but also can pave the way for applying an evo-devo perspective to the study of developmental origins of health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell C K Leung
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.
| | - Andrew C Procter
- Institute for Advanced Analytics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Jared V Goldstone
- Department of Biology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, United States
| | - Jonathan Foox
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, United States
| | - Robert DeSalle
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, United States
| | - Carolyn J Mattingly
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States
| | - Mark E Siddall
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, United States
| | - Alicia R Timme-Laragy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
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47
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Uren Webster TM, Williams TD, Katsiadaki I, Lange A, Lewis C, Shears JA, Tyler CR, Santos EM. Hepatic transcriptional responses to copper in the three-spined stickleback are affected by their pollution exposure history. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 184:26-36. [PMID: 28081447 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Some fish populations inhabiting contaminated environments show evidence of increased chemical tolerance, however the mechanisms contributing to this tolerance, and whether this is heritable, are poorly understood. We investigated the responses of two populations of wild three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) with different histories of contaminant exposure to an oestrogen and copper, two widespread aquatic pollutants. Male stickleback originating from two sites, the River Aire, with a history of complex pollution discharges, and Siblyback Lake, with a history of metal contamination, were depurated and then exposed to copper (46μg/L) and the synthetic oestrogen ethinyloestradiol (22ng/L). The hepatic transcriptomic response was compared between the two populations and to a reference population with no known history of exposure (Houghton Springs, Dorset). Gene responses included those typical for both copper and oestrogen, with no discernable difference in response to oestrogen between populations. There was, however, some difference in the magnitude of response to copper between populations. Siblyback fish showed an elevated baseline transcription of genes encoding metallothioneins and a lower level of metallothionein induction following copper exposure, compared to those from the River Aire. Similarly, a further experiment with an F1 generation of Siblyback fish bred in the laboratory found evidence for elevated transcription of genes encoding metallothioneins in unexposed fish, together with an altered transcriptional response to 125μg/L copper, compared with F1 fish originating from the clean reference population exposed to the same copper concentration. These data suggest that the stickleback from Siblyback Lake have a differential response to copper, which is inherited by the F1 generation in laboratory conditions, and for which the underlying mechanism may include an elevation of baseline transcription of genes encoding metallothioneins. The genetic and/or epigenetic mechanisms contributing to this inherited alteration of metallothionein transcription have yet to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamsyn M Uren Webster
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK; Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK.
| | - Tim D Williams
- School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Ioanna Katsiadaki
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Anke Lange
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Ceri Lewis
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Janice A Shears
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Charles R Tyler
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Eduarda M Santos
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK.
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48
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Oziolor EM, Bickham JW, Matson CW. Evolutionary toxicology in an omics world. Evol Appl 2017; 10:752-761. [PMID: 29151868 PMCID: PMC5680431 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary toxicology is a young field that has grown rapidly in the past two decades. The potential of this field comes from the ability to link chemical contamination to multigenerational and population-wide effects in various species. The advancements and rapidly decreasing costs of -omic tools are improving the power and resolution of evolutionary toxicology studies. In this manuscript, we aim to address the trajectories and perspectives for conducting evolutionary toxicology studies with -omic approaches. We discuss the complementarity of using multiple -omic tools (genomics, eDNA, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) for utility in understanding the toxicological relevance of adaptive responses in populations. In addition, we discuss phenotypic plasticity and its relevance to transcriptomic studies in toxicology. As evolutionary toxicology grows and expands its capacity to link toxicology with population-wide end points, we emphasize the applications of such studies in answering questions about ecological and population health, as well as future applicability to regulation. Thus, we aim to emphasize the enormous potential for evolutionary toxicology in an -omics world and give perspectives on the directions of future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias M Oziolor
- Department of Environmental Science Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research (CRASR), and the Institute for Biomedical Studies Baylor University Waco TX USA
| | - John W Bickham
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Science Texas A&M University College Station TX USA
| | - Cole W Matson
- Department of Environmental Science Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research (CRASR), and the Institute for Biomedical Studies Baylor University Waco TX USA
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49
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50
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Reid NM, Proestou DA, Clark BW, Warren WC, Colbourne JK, Shaw JR, Karchner SI, Hahn ME, Nacci D, Oleksiak MF, Crawford DL, Whitehead A. The genomic landscape of rapid repeated evolutionary adaptation to toxic pollution in wild fish. Science 2016; 354:1305-1308. [PMID: 27940876 PMCID: PMC5206662 DOI: 10.1126/science.aah4993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Atlantic killifish populations have rapidly adapted to normally lethal levels of pollution in four urban estuaries. Through analysis of 384 whole killifish genome sequences and comparative transcriptomics in four pairs of sensitive and tolerant populations, we identify the aryl hydrocarbon receptor-based signaling pathway as a shared target of selection. This suggests evolutionary constraint on adaptive solutions to complex toxicant mixtures at each site. However, distinct molecular variants apparently contribute to adaptive pathway modification among tolerant populations. Selection also targets other toxicity-mediating genes and genes of connected signaling pathways; this indicates complex tolerance phenotypes and potentially compensatory adaptations. Molecular changes are consistent with selection on standing genetic variation. In killifish, high nucleotide diversity has likely been a crucial substrate for selective sweeps to propel rapid adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah M Reid
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Dina A Proestou
- Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Bryan W Clark
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA
| | - Wesley C Warren
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - John K Colbourne
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK
| | - Joseph R Shaw
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK
- School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Sibel I Karchner
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
- Boston University Superfund Research Program, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Mark E Hahn
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
- Boston University Superfund Research Program, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Diane Nacci
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA
| | - Marjorie F Oleksiak
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, USA
| | - Douglas L Crawford
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, USA
| | - Andrew Whitehead
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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