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Wyckhuys KAG, Pozsgai G, Ben Fekih I, Sanchez-Garcia FJ, Elkahky M. Biodiversity loss impacts top-down regulation of insect herbivores across ecosystem boundaries. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 930:172807. [PMID: 38679092 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Biodiversity loss, as driven by anthropogenic global change, imperils biosphere intactness and integrity. Ecosystem services such as top-down regulation (or biological control; BC) are susceptible to loss of extinction-prone taxa at upper trophic levels and secondary 'support' species e.g., herbivores. Here, drawing upon curated open-access interaction data, we structurally analyze trophic networks centered on the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and assess their robustness to species loss. Tri-partite networks link 80 BC organisms (invertebrate or microbial), 512 lepidopteran hosts and 1194 plants (including 147 cultivated crops) in the Neotropics. These comprise threatened herbaceous or woody plants and conservation flagships such as saturniid moths. Treating all interaction partners functionally equivalent, random herbivore loss exerts a respective 26 % or 108 % higher impact on top-down regulation in crop and non-crop settings than that of BC organisms (at 50 % loss). Equally, random loss of BC organisms affects herbivore regulation to a greater extent (13.8 % at 50 % loss) than herbivore loss mediates their preservation (11.4 %). Yet, under moderate biodiversity loss, (non-pest) herbivores prove highly susceptible to loss of BC organisms. Our topological approach spotlights how agriculturally-subsidized BC agents benefit vegetation restoration, while non-pest herbivores uphold biological control in on- and off-farm settings alike. Our work underlines how the on-farm usage of endemic biological control organisms can advance conservation, restoration, and agricultural sustainability imperatives. We discuss how integrative approaches and close interdisciplinary cooperation can spawn desirable outcomes for science, policy and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris A G Wyckhuys
- Chrysalis Consulting, Danang, Viet Nam; Institute for Plant Protection, China Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China; School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Australia; Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Rome, Italy.
| | - Gabor Pozsgai
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, University of the Azores, Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
| | - Ibtissem Ben Fekih
- Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | | | - Maged Elkahky
- Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Rome, Italy
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Etard A, Newbold T. Species-level correlates of land-use responses and climate-change sensitivity in terrestrial vertebrates. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2024; 38:e14208. [PMID: 37855148 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Land-use and climate change are major pressures on terrestrial biodiversity. Species' extinction risk and responses to human pressures relate to ecological traits and other characteristics in some clades. However, large-scale comparative assessments of the associations between traits and responses to multiple human pressures across multiple clades are needed. We investigated whether a set of ecological characteristics that are commonly measured across terrestrial vertebrates (ecological traits and geographic range area) are associated with species' responses to different land-use types and species' likely sensitivity to climate change. We aimed to test whether generalizable patterns in response to these pressures arise across both pressures and across vertebrate clades, which could inform assessments of the global signature of human pressures on vertebrate biodiversity and guide conservation efforts. At the species level, we investigated associations between land-use responses and ecological characteristics with a space-for-time substitution approach, making use of the PREDICTS database. We investigated associations between ecological characteristics and expected climate-change sensitivity, estimated from properties of species realized climatic niches. Among the characteristics we considered, 3 were consistently associated with strong land-use responses and high climate-change sensitivity across terrestrial vertebrate classes: narrow geographic range, narrow habitat breadth, and specialization on natural habitats (which described whether a species occurs in artificial habitats or not). The associations of other traits with species' land-use responses and climate-change sensitivity often depended on species' class and land-use type, highlighting an important degree of context dependency. In all classes, invertebrate eaters and fruit and nectar eaters tended to be negatively affected in disturbed land-use types, whereas invertebrate-eating and plant- and seed-eating birds were estimated to be more sensitive to climate change, raising concerns about the continuation of ecological processes sustained by these species under global changes. Our results highlight a consistently higher sensitivity of narrowly distributed species and habitat specialists to land-use and climate change, which provides support for capturing such characteristics in large-scale vulnerability assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne Etard
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tim Newbold
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
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3
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van Holstein LA, McKay HD, Pimiento C, Koops K. Multidimensional primate niche space sheds light on interspecific competition in primate evolution. Commun Biol 2024; 7:647. [PMID: 38802506 PMCID: PMC11130132 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06324-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Characterising how the totality of primate diversity is distributed across the order, and how it evolved, is challenging because diversity in individual traits often show opposing phylogenetic patterns. A species' combination of traits can be conceptualised as its 'niche'. Here, we describe and analyse seven-dimensional niche space, comprising 11 traits, for 191 primate species. Multifaceted diversity is distributed unequally among taxonomic groups. Cercopithecoidea and Hominidae occupy the largest areas of niche space, and are the most diverse families; platyrrhine families occupy small areas, and this space overlaps with strepsirrhines. The evolution of species' locations in niche space is regulated by selection for adaptive optima in trait combinations. Given that niche similarity results in interspecific competition, we quantify two measures of species' niche locations relative to others. We find that omnivores, frugivores, and species tolerating higher temperatures experience stronger interspecific competition. Hominidae occupation of niche space suggests competitive exclusion from niches by Cercopithecoidea over evolutionary time; but living great apes experience the lowest levels of interspecific competition. Callitrichids experience the highest levels of interspecific competition. Our results provide a standardised measure of primate niches that sheds light on the partitioning and evolution of primate diversity, and how this is driven by interspecific competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A van Holstein
- Clare College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Ape Behaviour & Ecology Group, Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - H D McKay
- Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - C Pimiento
- Department of Paleontology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - K Koops
- Ape Behaviour & Ecology Group, Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Quimbayo JP, Murphy SJ, Jarzyna MA. Functional reorganization of North American wintering avifauna. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14430. [PMID: 38714364 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Wintering birds serve as vital climate sentinels, yet they are often overlooked in studies of avian diversity change. Here, we provide a continental-scale characterization of change in multifaceted wintering avifauna and examine the effects of climate change on these dynamics. We reveal a strong functional reorganization of wintering bird communities marked by a north-south gradient in functional diversity change, along with a superimposed mild east-west gradient in trait composition change. Assemblages in the northern United States saw contractions of the functional space and increases in functional evenness and originality, while the southern United States saw smaller contractions of the functional space and stasis in evenness and originality. Shifts in functional diversity were underlined by significant reshuffling in trait composition, particularly pronounced in the western and northern United States. Finally, we find strong contributions of climate change to this functional reorganization, underscoring the importance of wintering birds in tracking climate change impacts on biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan P Quimbayo
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Stephen J Murphy
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Marta A Jarzyna
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Translational Data Analytics Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Lin L, Liu Y, Yan Y, Kang B. Optimizing efficiency and resilience of no-take marine protected areas for fish conservation under climate change along the coastlines of China Seas. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2024; 38:e14174. [PMID: 37650435 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is one of the major threats to coastal fish biodiversity, and optimization of no-take marine protected areas (MPAs) is imminent. We predicted fish redistribution under climate change in coastal China Seas with joint species distribution modeling and prioritized areas for conservation with Zonation, for which we used core area zonation (CAZ) and additive benefit function (ABF). Based on our results, we devised an expansion plan of no-take MPAs. Under climate change, fish were redistributed northward along the coast. These redistributions were segmented by the Yangtze River estuary and its adjacent waters, indicating a possible biogeographical barrier. Under CAZ and ABF, significantly more fish habitat was conserved than under random prioritization (p < 0.001, Cohen's d = -0.36 and -0.62, respectively). The ABF better represented areas with higher species richness, whereas CAZ better represented core habitats for species with narrow distributions. Without accounting for species redistribution, the expanded MPAs were mainly distributed in the northwest of the South China Sea, the East China Sea, the north of the Yellow Sea, and the west of the Bohai Sea. When accounting for species redistribution, the proposed MPAs were mainly distributed in the north of the Bohai Sea and southwest of the Yellow Sea, corresponding to the northern species redistributions. These MPAs conserved less habitat for fishes at present but protected more and better quality habitat for fishes in 2050 and 2100 than those MPAs that did not account for species redistribution, indicating improved fish conservation under climate change. Incorporating species redistribution and trade-offs between areas with high species richness and areas that contain habitats for rare species are suggested to address coastal fish conservation under climate change. This work provides valuable information for fish conservation and is a precursor to systematic conservation planning along the coastlines of China Seas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lin
- College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, China
| | - Yang Yan
- College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, China
| | - Bin Kang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, China
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Liu M, Yang C, Miao L, Xiao Y, Wang Q, Wang M. Rare and common species contribute disproportionately to alpine meadow community construction and functional variation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:24881-24893. [PMID: 38460039 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32834-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that rare species are the first species to become extinct after human-induced disturbances. However, the functional importance of rare species still needs to be better understood, especially in alpine meadow communities with harsher habitats, where the extinction rate of rare species may be higher. This study established a 1.85 × 105 m2 permanent research sample plot on the eastern Tibetan Plateau. We investigated data from 162 plots at 6 different sampling scales in alpine meadows to determine the contribution of rare and common species to alpine meadow communities' structural and functional variability. The results showed that (1) Asteraceae (Compositae) was the dominant family in the surveyed localities. The trends of species diversity indices were the same, and all of them increased with the increase of sampling scale, and the plant community showed apparent scale effects. (2) The community construction of rare species at small scales with high occupancy transitioned from neutral processes to ecological niche processes, while the community construction of common species at different sampling scales was all dominated by ecological niche processes. (3) The trait values of rare species at different sampling scales were different from those of common species, and their distribution in FEs (functional entities) was also different, indicating that they contributed differently to the ecological functions of the communities. Rare species with lower abundance in the surveyed communities had a higher proportion of FEs, indicating that rare species had a more significant proportion of contribution to FEs. The functional redundancy (FR) of rare species was lower than that of common species, and the functional vulnerability (FV) was higher than that of common species. Therefore, the loss of rare species is more likely to cause the loss of community ecological functions, affecting the function and resilience of alpine meadow ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minxia Liu
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Chunliang Yang
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Lele Miao
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Yindi Xiao
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Qianyue Wang
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Min Wang
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
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Beasley EM. Ecologically informed priors improve Bayesian model estimates of species richness and occupancy for undetected species. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2024; 34:e2941. [PMID: 38185514 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Detection error can bias observations of ecological processes, especially when some species are never detected during sampling. In many communities, the probable identity of these missing species is known from previous research and natural history collections, but this information is rarely incorporated into subsequent models. Here, I present prior aggregation as a method for including information from external sources in Bayesian hierarchical detection models. Prior aggregation combines information from multiple prior distributions, in this case, an ecologically informative, species-level prior, and an uninformative community-level prior. This approach incorporates external information into the model without sacrificing the advantages of modeling species in the context of the community. Using simulated data supplied to a multispecies occupancy model, I demonstrated that prior aggregation improves estimates of (1) metacommunity richness and (2) environmental covariates were associated with species-specific occupancy probabilities. When applied to a dataset of small mammals in Vermont, prior aggregation allowed the model to estimate occupancy correlates of the Eastern cottontail Sylvilagus floridanus, a species observed at several sites in the region but never captured. Prior aggregation can be used to improve the analysis of several important metrics in population and community ecology, including abundance, survivorship, and diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Beasley
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
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Melo RS, Alexandrino ER, de Paula FR, Boscolo D, de Barros Ferraz SF. Promoting Bird Functional Diversity on Landscapes with a Matrix of Planted Eucalyptus spp. in the Atlantic Forest. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 73:395-407. [PMID: 37796334 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-023-01888-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Promoting the diversity of biological communities in areas of agricultural production is a very current debate since protected areas may not be sufficient to ensure biodiversity conservation. Among the biological communities affected by the production areas are birds, which show rapid responses to changes in the landscape. Here we seek to understand how landscape planning, concerning its composition and configuration, in areas with a matrix of planted Eucalyptus spp. forests influences the functional diversity of bird assemblages in the Atlantic Forest. Our results show that the spatial distribution design of planted forests in terms of age, land cover and clone types have effects on bird diversity with regard to functional divergence, functional evenness and species richness. These results reinforce the importance of good management for the maintenance of bird diversity. We found that bird functional diversity in planted forest matrices increased with the proximity index, proportion of native vegetation and age importance value, and is negatively influenced by edge density and proportion of forest plantation. For bird conservation, it is thus better to associate Eucalyptus spp. with other cover types in the landscape. These results corroborate that, to increase bird functional diversity, it is possible to associate conservation and production in the same landscape. Mosaic landscapes have great potential to contribute to the conservation of bird biodiversity outside protected areas. However, decisions regarding the management of planted forests and planning of improved areas intended for conservation seem to be decisive to ensure the maintenance of bird biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Siqueira Melo
- Laboratório de Hidrologia Florestal, Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz"-ESALQ, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, CEP 13.418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Roberto Alexandrino
- Laboratório de Ecologia, Manejo e Conservação da Fauna Silvestre, Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz"-ESALQ, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, CEP 13.418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Felipe Rossetti de Paula
- Laboratório de Hidrologia Florestal, Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz"-ESALQ, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, CEP 13.418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Danilo Boscolo
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto-FFCLRP, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, CEP 14.040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Institute of Science and Technology in Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Studies in Ecology and Evolution (IN-TREE), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Silvio Frosini de Barros Ferraz
- Laboratório de Hidrologia Florestal, Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz"-ESALQ, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, CEP 13.418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Silva Rocha B, Jamoneau A, Logez M, Laplace-Treyture C, Reynaud N, Argillier C. Measuring biodiversity vulnerability in French lakes - The IVCLA index. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168205. [PMID: 37918736 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Assessing the vulnerability of ecosystems to biodiversity loss has become increasingly crucial in conservation and ecology research. This study proposed a methodology for measuring lake vulnerability to biodiversity loss employing an established framework that combines three components. For this, we measured the resilience (functional redundancy) and sensitivity (an index considering three characteristics of rarity) components for fish and phytoplankton communities. We also measured the exposure component of the main stressors in lakes. We then combined the three components and calculated the vulnerability index (IVCLA) using data from 255 French lakes. We found that all lakes exhibited low levels of resilience, elevated sensitivity regarding average values for fish and phytoplankton groups, and medium exposure to stressors associated with human activities. In addition, there were some discrepancies in resilience and sensitivity patterns between fish and phytoplankton groups, emphasizing the importance of considering information from multiple biological groups when assessing ecosystem vulnerability. Hydrological alterations and low water quality were key stressors related to higher lake vulnerability. Most French lakes have been classified as exhibiting moderate vulnerability. It is crucial to emphasize the potential increase in exposure risks, which could lead to even higher vulnerability levels and, subsequently, biodiversity loss in the future. The IVCLA index offers several advantages, including integrating multiple taxa groups and stressors. We recommend incorporating additional data, such as the resilience and sensitivity of the entire food web, and considering temporal responses to stressors to improve accuracy and predictive power. The IVCLA was developed with the purpose of serving as an effective tool for guiding environmental managers in designing conservation strategies and making informed decisions for lake ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbbara Silva Rocha
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Université, UMR RECOVER, 3275 Route Cézanne, 13182 Aix-en-Provence, France; Pôle R&D ECLA, 13182 Aix-en-Provence, France.
| | - Aurélien Jamoneau
- INRAE, EABX, 50 avenue de Verdun, 33612 Cestas, France; Pôle R&D ECLA, 33612 Cestas, France
| | - Maxime Logez
- INRAE, RIVERLY, F-69625 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | | | - Nathalie Reynaud
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Université, UMR RECOVER, 3275 Route Cézanne, 13182 Aix-en-Provence, France; Pôle R&D ECLA, 13182 Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Christine Argillier
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Université, UMR RECOVER, 3275 Route Cézanne, 13182 Aix-en-Provence, France; Pôle R&D ECLA, 13182 Aix-en-Provence, France
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Elsy AD, Pfeifer M, Jones IL, DeWalt SJ, Lopez OR, Dent DH. Incomplete recovery of tree community composition and rare species after 120 years of tropical forest succession in Panama. Biotropica 2024; 56:36-49. [PMID: 38515454 PMCID: PMC10952663 DOI: 10.1111/btp.13275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Determining how fully tropical forests regenerating on abandoned land recover characteristics of old-growth forests is increasingly important for understanding their role in conserving rare species and maintaining ecosystem services. Despite this, our understanding of forest structure and community composition recovery throughout succession is incomplete, as many tropical chronosequences do not extend beyond the first 50 years of succession. Here, we examined trajectories of forest recovery across eight 1-hectare plots in middle and later stages of forest succession (40-120 years) and five 1-hectare old-growth plots, in the Barro Colorado Nature Monument (BCNM), Panama. We first verified that forest age had a greater effect than edaphic or topographic variation on forest structure, diversity and composition and then corroborated results from smaller plots censused 20 years previously. Tree species diversity (but not species richness) and forest structure had fully recovered to old-growth levels by 40 and 90 years, respectively. However, rare species were missing, and old-growth specialists were in low abundance, in the mid- and late secondary forest plots, leading to incomplete recovery of species composition even by 120 years into succession. We also found evidence that dominance early in succession by a long-lived pioneer led to altered forest structure and delayed recovery of species diversity and composition well past a century after land abandonment. Our results illustrate the critical importance of old-growth and old secondary forests for biodiversity conservation, given that recovery of community composition may take several centuries, particularly when a long-lived pioneer dominates in early succession. Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander D. Elsy
- Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of StirlingStirlingUK
| | - Marion Pfeifer
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Modelling, Evidence and Policy GroupNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Isabel L. Jones
- Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of StirlingStirlingUK
| | - Saara J. DeWalt
- Department of Biological SciencesClemson UniversityClemsonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Omar R. Lopez
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteBalboaPanama
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT)ClaytonPanama
| | - Daisy H. Dent
- Smithsonian Tropical Research InstituteBalboaPanama
- Max Planck Institute for Animal BehaviorKonstanzGermany
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZürichZurichSwitzerland
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Coulon N, Elliott S, Teichert N, Auber A, McLean M, Barreau T, Feunteun E, Carpentier A. Northeast Atlantic elasmobranch community on the move: Functional reorganization in response to climate change. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17157. [PMID: 38273525 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
While spatial distribution shifts have been documented in many marine fishes under global change, the responses of elasmobranchs have rarely been studied, which may have led to an underestimation of their potential additional threats. Given their irreplaceable role in ecosystems and their high extinction risk, we used a 24-year time series (1997-2020) of scientific bottom trawl surveys to examine the effects of climate change on the spatial distribution of nine elasmobranch species within Northeast Atlantic waters. Using a hierarchical modeling of species communities, belonging to the joint species distribution models, we found that suitable habitats for four species increased on average by a factor of 1.6 and, for six species, shifted north-eastwards and/or to deeper waters over the past two decades. By integrating species traits, we showed changes in habitat suitability led to changes in the elasmobranchs trait composition. Moreover, communities shifted to deeper waters and their mean trophic level decreased. We also note an increase in the mean community size at maturity concurrent with a decrease in fecundity. Because skates and sharks are functionally unique and dangerously vulnerable to both climate change and fishing, we advocate for urgent considerations of species traits in management measures. Their use would make it better to identify species whose loss could have irreversible impacts in face of the myriad of anthropogenic threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Coulon
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), MNHN, CNRS, IRD, SU, UCN, UA, Dinard, France
| | - Sophie Elliott
- Salmon & Trout Research Centre, Game & Wildlife Conservation Trust, Wareham, UK
| | - Nils Teichert
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), MNHN, CNRS, IRD, SU, UCN, UA, Dinard, France
| | - Arnaud Auber
- Unité Halieutique Manche Mer du Nord, Laboratoire Ressources Halieutiques, IFREMER, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Matthew McLean
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, Center for Marine Science, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina, USA
| | - Thomas Barreau
- Service des Stations Marine, Station Marine de Dinard, Dinard, France
| | - Eric Feunteun
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), MNHN, CNRS, IRD, SU, UCN, UA, Dinard, France
| | - Alexandre Carpentier
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), MNHN, CNRS, IRD, SU, UCN, UA, Campus de Beaulieu, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France
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Graves SJ, Marconi S, Stewart D, Harmon I, Weinstein B, Kanazawa Y, Scholl VM, Joseph MB, McGlinchy J, Browne L, Sullivan MK, Estrada-Villegas S, Wang DZ, Singh A, Bohlman S, Zare A, White EP. Data science competition for cross-site individual tree species identification from airborne remote sensing data. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16578. [PMID: 38144190 PMCID: PMC10749090 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Data on individual tree crowns from remote sensing have the potential to advance forest ecology by providing information about forest composition and structure with a continuous spatial coverage over large spatial extents. Classifying individual trees to their taxonomic species over large regions from remote sensing data is challenging. Methods to classify individual species are often accurate for common species, but perform poorly for less common species and when applied to new sites. We ran a data science competition to help identify effective methods for the task of classification of individual crowns to species identity. The competition included data from three sites to assess each methods' ability to generalize patterns across two sites simultaneously and apply methods to an untrained site. Three different metrics were used to assess and compare model performance. Six teams participated, representing four countries and nine individuals. The highest performing method from a previous competition in 2017 was applied and used as a baseline to understand advancements and changes in successful methods. The best species classification method was based on a two-stage fully connected neural network that significantly outperformed the baseline random forest and gradient boosting ensemble methods. All methods generalized well by showing relatively strong performance on the trained sites (accuracy = 0.46-0.55, macro F1 = 0.09-0.32, cross entropy loss = 2.4-9.2), but generally failed to transfer effectively to the untrained site (accuracy = 0.07-0.32, macro F1 = 0.02-0.18, cross entropy loss = 2.8-16.3). Classification performance was influenced by the number of samples with species labels available for training, with most methods predicting common species at the training sites well (maximum F1 score of 0.86) relative to the uncommon species where none were predicted. Classification errors were most common between species in the same genus and different species that occur in the same habitat. Most methods performed better than the baseline in detecting if a species was not in the training data by predicting an untrained mixed-species class, especially in the untrained site. This work has highlighted that data science competitions can encourage advancement of methods, particularly by bringing in new people from outside the focal discipline, and by providing an open dataset and evaluation criteria from which participants can learn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Graves
- Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Sergio Marconi
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Dylan Stewart
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Ira Harmon
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Ben Weinstein
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Yuzi Kanazawa
- Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Fujitsu Laboratories Ltd., Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Victoria M. Scholl
- Earth Lab, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
- Department of Geography, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Maxwell B. Joseph
- Earth Lab, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Joseph McGlinchy
- Earth Lab, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Luke Browne
- Yale School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Megan K. Sullivan
- Yale School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | | | - Daisy Zhe Wang
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Aditya Singh
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Stephanie Bohlman
- School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Alina Zare
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
- Informatics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
- Biodiversity Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Ethan P. White
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
- Informatics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
- Biodiversity Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
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Doherty S, Saltré F, Llewelyn J, Strona G, Williams SE, Bradshaw CJA. Estimating co-extinction threats in terrestrial ecosystems. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:5122-5138. [PMID: 37386726 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
The biosphere is changing rapidly due to human endeavour. Because ecological communities underlie networks of interacting species, changes that directly affect some species can have indirect effects on others. Accurate tools to predict these direct and indirect effects are therefore required to guide conservation strategies. However, most extinction-risk studies only consider the direct effects of global change-such as predicting which species will breach their thermal limits under different warming scenarios-with predictions of trophic cascades and co-extinction risks remaining mostly speculative. To predict the potential indirect effects of primary extinctions, data describing community interactions and network modelling can estimate how extinctions cascade through communities. While theoretical studies have demonstrated the usefulness of models in predicting how communities react to threats like climate change, few have applied such methods to real-world communities. This gap partly reflects challenges in constructing trophic network models of real-world food webs, highlighting the need to develop approaches for quantifying co-extinction risk more accurately. We propose a framework for constructing ecological network models representing real-world food webs in terrestrial ecosystems and subjecting these models to co-extinction scenarios triggered by probable future environmental perturbations. Adopting our framework will improve estimates of how environmental perturbations affect whole ecological communities. Identifying species at risk of co-extinction (or those that might trigger co-extinctions) will also guide conservation interventions aiming to reduce the probability of co-extinction cascades and additional species losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seamus Doherty
- Global Ecology | Partuyarta Ngadluku Wardli Kuu, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Frédérik Saltré
- Global Ecology | Partuyarta Ngadluku Wardli Kuu, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John Llewelyn
- Global Ecology | Partuyarta Ngadluku Wardli Kuu, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Giovanni Strona
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stephen E Williams
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Corey J A Bradshaw
- Global Ecology | Partuyarta Ngadluku Wardli Kuu, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
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14
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Arbieu U, Albrecht J, Böhning-Gaese K, Lehnen L, Schleuning M, Mueller T. The attitudinal space framework: Embracing the multidimensionality of attitudinal diversity. iScience 2023; 26:107340. [PMID: 37539036 PMCID: PMC10393727 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Attitude polarization describes an increasing attitude difference between groups and is increasingly recognized as a multidimensional phenomenon. However, a unified framework to study polarization across multiple dimensions is lacking. We introduce the attitudinal space framework (ASF) to fully quantify attitudinal diversity. We highlight two key measures-attitudinal extremization and attitudinal dispersion-to quantify across- and within-group attitudinal patterns. First, we show that affective polarization in the US electorate is weaker than previously thought based on mean differences alone: in both Democrat and Republican partisans, attitudinal dispersion increased between 1988 and 2008. Second, we examined attitudes toward wolves in Germany. Despite attitude differences between regions with and without wolves, we did not find differences in attitudinal extremization or dispersion, suggesting only weak attitude polarization. These results illustrate how the ASF is applicable to a wide range of social systems and offers an important avenue to understanding societal transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Arbieu
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie Systématique et Evolution, IDEEV, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Senckenberganlage, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, 1500 Remount Road, Front Royal, VA 22630, USA
| | - Jörg Albrecht
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Senckenberganlage, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katrin Böhning-Gaese
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Senckenberganlage, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lisa Lehnen
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Senckenberganlage, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Matthias Schleuning
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Senckenberganlage, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thomas Mueller
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Senckenberganlage, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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15
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Rocha BS, Logez M, Jamoneau A, Argillier C. Assessing resilience and sensitivity patterns for fish and phytoplankton in French lakes. Glob Ecol Conserv 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2023.e02458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
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16
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Germeroth L, Sumnicht T, Verble R. Scale-Dependent Spatial Ecology of Paleotropical Leaf Litter Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). DIVERSITY 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/d15040494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
The grain for which an observer conducts a study is an important determinant of its outcome. Studies of ants have considered spatial grains spanning from single meters to entire forest ecosystems and found patterns related to nutrient availability, leaf litter depth, disturbance, and forest composition. Here, we examine a Bornean leaf litter ant community at small (1–4 m) and large (50–250 m) spatial scales and consider the differences in community structure using structured 1 m2 quadrats sampled via leaf litter sifting and Berlese extraction. We found that small-scale patterns in ant abundance and richness did not spatially autocorrelate within a plot until >1.5 m. Leaf litter characteristics, forest stand characteristics and sampling season were homogenous among our sites, suggesting that macro-scale stand variables are not largely regulating the small spatial scale ant communities: These may be driven by microclimate, competition, niche space, nutrient available, microclimatic conditions, or other localized effects. Further experimental work is needed to elicit causal mechanisms.
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Moyes F, Trindade-Santos I, Magurran AE. Temporal change in functional rarity in marine fish assemblages. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20222273. [PMID: 36809807 PMCID: PMC9943642 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.2273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research has uncovered rapid compositional and structural reorganization of ecological assemblages, with these changes particularly evident in marine ecosystems. However, the extent to which these ongoing changes in taxonomic diversity are a proxy for change in functional diversity is not well understood. Here we focus on trends in rarity to ask how taxonomic rarity and functional rarity covary over time. Our analysis, drawing on 30 years of scientific trawl data, reveals that the direction of temporal shifts in taxonomic rarity in two Scottish marine ecosystems is consistent with a null model of change in assemblage size (i.e. change in numbers of species and/or individuals). In both cases, however, functional rarity increases, as assemblages become larger, rather than showing the expected decrease. These results underline the importance of measuring both taxonomic and functional dimensions of diversity when assessing and interpreting biodiversity change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faye Moyes
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TH, UK
| | - Isaac Trindade-Santos
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TH, UK.,Marine Macroevolution Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1, Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigamigun, 904-0495, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Anne E Magurran
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TH, UK
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18
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Sobczyk R, Serigstad B, Pabis K. High polychaete diversity in the Gulf of Guinea (West African continental margin): The influence of local and intermediate scale ecological factors on a background of regional patterns. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160046. [PMID: 36356769 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Tropical East Atlantic is one of the least studied areas in the world's oceans, and thus a blank spot on the map of marine studies. Shaped by dynamic currents and shifting water masses, it is a key region in discussions about marine ecology, biodiversity, and zoogeography, while facing numerous, poorly understood, and unmonitored threats associated with climate change, acidification, and pollution. Polychaete diversity was assessed along four transects along the Ghana coast, from shallow to deep bottoms and distributed along the whole upwelling marine ecoregion. Despite high sampling effort, steep species accumulation curves demonstrated the necessity of further sampling in the region. We observed zonation of fauna by depth, and a decrease in species richness from 25 m to 1000 m depth. Polychaete communities were influenced by sediment type, presence of oxygen minimum zones, and local disturbances caused by elevated barium concentrations. Similar evenness along the depth gradient reflected the importance of rare species in the community structure. Differences in phylogenetic diversity, as reflected by taxonomic distinctness, were small, which suggested high ecosystem stability. The highly variable species richness at small scale (meters) showed the importance of ecological factors giving rise to microhabitat diversity, although we also noticed intermediate scale (50-300 km) differences affecting community structure. About 44 % of the species were rare (i.e. recorded only in three or fewer samples), highlighting the level of patchiness, while one fifth was distributed on all transects, therefore along the whole upwelling ecoregion, demonstrating the influence of the regional species pool on local communities at particular stations. Our study yielded 253 species, increasing the number of polychaetes known from this region by at least 50 %. This casts doubt on previous findings regarding Atlantic bioregionalization, biodiversity estimates and endemism, which appear to have been more pronouncedly affected by sampling bias than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Sobczyk
- Department of Invertebrates Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Bjorn Serigstad
- Center for Development Cooperation in Fisheries, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Krzysztof Pabis
- Department of Invertebrates Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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19
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dos Anjos L, Ragassi Urbano M, Simões Oliveira H, Laerte Natti P. The functional importance of rare and dominant species in a Neotropical forest bird community. J Nat Conserv 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2023.126361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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20
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McClinton JD, Kulpa SM, Grames EM, Leger EA. Field observations and remote assessment identify climate change, recreation, invasive species, and livestock as top threats to critically imperiled rare plants in Nevada. FRONTIERS IN CONSERVATION SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fcosc.2022.1070490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionRare plant species comprise >36.5% of the world’s flora and disproportionately support ecosystem function and resilience. However, rare species also lead global plant extinctions, and unique ecological characteristics can make them vulnerable to anthropogenic pressure. Despite their vulnerability, many rare plants receive less monitoring than is needed to inform conservation efforts due to limited capacity for field surveys.MethodsWe used field observations and geospatial data to summarize how 128 imperiled, rare vascular plant species in Nevada are affected by various threats. We assessed correlations between threats predicted by geospatial data and threats observed on the ground and asked how historic and current threats compare.ResultsThe most commonly observed threats were from recreation, invasive and non-native/alien species, and livestock farming and ranching. Threat prevalence varied by elevation (e.g., a greater variety of threats at lower elevations, greater threat from climate change observed at higher elevations) and land management. There was a 28.1% overall correlation between predicted and observed threats, which was stronger for some threats (e.g., development of housing and urban areas, livestock farming and ranching) than others. All species experienced extreme climatic differences during 1990-2020 compared to baseline conditions, with the most extreme change in southern Nevada. The average number of threats observed per occurrence increased by 0.024 each decade.DiscussionWhile geospatial data did not perfectly predict observed threats, many of these occurrences have not been visited in over 30 years, and correlations may be stronger than we were able to detect here. Our approach can be used to help guide proactive monitoring, conservation, and research efforts for vulnerable species.
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21
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Ong TW, Lin BB, Lucatero A, Cohen H, Bichier P, Egerer MH, Danieu A, Jha S, Philpott SM, Liere H. Rarity begets rarity: Social and environmental drivers of rare organisms in cities. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 32:e2708. [PMID: 35810452 PMCID: PMC10078586 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cities are sometimes characterized as homogenous with species assemblages composed of abundant, generalist species having similar ecological functions. Under this assumption, rare species, or species observed infrequently, would have especially high conservation value in cities for their potential to increase functional diversity. Management to increase the number of rare species in cities could be an important conservation strategy in a rapidly urbanizing world. However, most studies of species rarity define rarity in relatively pristine environments where human management and disturbance is minimized. We know little about what species are rare, how many species are rare, and what management practices promote rare species in urban environments. Here, we identified which plants and species of birds and bees that control pests and pollinate crops are rare in urban gardens and assessed how social, biophysical factors, and cross-taxonomic comparisons influence rare species richness. We found overwhelming numbers of rare species, with more than 50% of plants observed classified as rare. Our results highlight the importance of women, older individuals, and gardeners who live closer to garden sites in increasing the number of rare plants within urban areas. Fewer rare plants were found in older gardens and gardens with more bare soil. There were more rare bird species in larger gardens and more rare bee species for which canopy cover was higher. We also found that in some cases, rarity begets rarity, with positive correlations found between the number of rare plants and bee species and between bee and bird species. Overall, our results suggest that urban gardens include a high number of species existing at low frequency and that social and biophysical factors promoting rare, planned biodiversity can cascade down to promote rare, associated biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa W. Ong
- Department of Environmental Studies, Ecology, Evolution, Environment & Society Graduate ProgramDartmouth CollegeHanoverNew HampshireUSA
| | - Brenda B. Lin
- CSIRO Land and Water FlagshipBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Azucena Lucatero
- Environmental Studies DepartmentUniversity of CaliforniaSanta CruzCaliforniaUSA
| | - Hamutahl Cohen
- Institute for Food and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of Florida, Collier Extension ServiceNaplesFloridaUSA
| | - Peter Bichier
- Environmental Studies DepartmentUniversity of CaliforniaSanta CruzCaliforniaUSA
| | - Monika H. Egerer
- Department of Life Science SystemsSchool of Life Sciences, Technische Universität MünchenFreisingGermany
| | - Alana Danieu
- Department of Environmental Studies, Ecology, Evolution, Environment & Society Graduate ProgramDartmouth CollegeHanoverNew HampshireUSA
| | - Shalene Jha
- Integrative Biology DepartmentUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTexasUSA
| | - Stacy M. Philpott
- Environmental Studies DepartmentUniversity of CaliforniaSanta CruzCaliforniaUSA
| | - Heidi Liere
- Environmental Studies DepartmentSeattle UniversitySeattleWashingtonUSA
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Chen X, Han M, Liang Y, Zhao W, Wu Y, Sun Y, Shao H, McMinn A, Zhu L, Wang M. Progress in 'taxonomic sufficiency' in aquatic biological investigations. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 185:114192. [PMID: 36356341 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The 'taxonomic sufficiency' (TS) approach has been applied to algae, protists, invertebrates, and vertebrates, generally by aggregating species-level abundance data to a higher taxonomic level, where genus-level data are often highly correlated with species-level data and are a valid proxy level. The TS approach offers the possibility of a comparison of data from different geographical areas and highlights the effects of contaminants. The TS approach is stable in the face of different researchers and in the comparison of long-term biological survey data. The effectiveness of the TS approach may increase with increasing environmental gradients or spatial area. The TS approach should be avoided when the spatial area is small and small differences in species-level data are considered important, so as not to cancel out the distribution patterns specific to the local environment of the biological taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechao Chen
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Meiaoxue Han
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yantao Liang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; UMT-OUC Joint Centre for Marine Studies, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Wanting Zhao
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yuejiao Wu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ying Sun
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hongbing Shao
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; UMT-OUC Joint Centre for Marine Studies, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Andrew McMinn
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia.
| | - Liyan Zhu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Min Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; The affiliated hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China; UMT-OUC Joint Centre for Marine Studies, Qingdao 266003, China.
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Keller A, Ankenbrand MJ, Bruelheide H, Dekeyzer S, Enquist BJ, Erfanian MB, Falster DS, Gallagher RV, Hammock J, Kattge J, Leonhardt SD, Madin JS, Maitner B, Neyret M, Onstein RE, Pearse WD, Poelen JH, Salguero‐Gomez R, Schneider FD, Tóth AB, Penone C. Ten (mostly) simple rules to future‐proof trait data in ecological and evolutionary sciences. Methods Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.14033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Keller
- Cellular and Organismic Networks, Faculty of Biology Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München Martinsried Germany
| | - Markus J. Ankenbrand
- Center for Computational and Theoretical Biology Julius‐Maximilians‐Universität Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | | | - Brian J. Enquist
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Arizona Tucson Arizona USA
- The Santa Fe Institute Santa Fe New Mexico USA
| | | | - Daniel S. Falster
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre University of New South Wales Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Rachael V. Gallagher
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University Richmond New South Wales Australia
| | - Jennifer Hammock
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution Washington District of Columbia USA
| | - Jens Kattge
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry Jena Germany
| | - Sara D. Leonhardt
- Plant‐Insect Interactions, TUM School of Life Science Systems Technical University of Munich Freising Germany
| | - Joshua S. Madin
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology University of Hawai'i at Manoa Kāne'ohe Hawai'i USA
| | - Brian Maitner
- Department of Geography University at Buffalo Buffalo New York USA
- Department of Environment and Sustainability University at Buffalo Buffalo New York USA
| | - Margot Neyret
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Center (SBik‐F) Frankfurt Germany
| | - Renske E. Onstein
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center Leiden The Netherlands
| | | | - Jorrit H. Poelen
- Ronin Institute for Independent Scholarship Montclair New Jersey USA
- Cheadle Center for Biodiversity and Ecological Restoration, UC Santa Barbara Santa Barbara California USA
| | | | - Florian D. Schneider
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Center (SBik‐F) Frankfurt Germany
- ISOE ‐ Institute for Social‐Ecological Research Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Anikó B. Tóth
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Caterina Penone
- Institute of Plant Sciences University of Bern Bern Switzerland
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Ben Saadi C, Cayuela L, Bañares de Dios G, de Aledo JG, Matas-Granados L, Salinas N, La Torre Cuadros MDLÁ, Macía MJ. Latitudinal patterns and environmental drivers of taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of woody plants in western Amazonian terra firme forests. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:978299. [PMID: 36275574 PMCID: PMC9585299 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.978299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating how environmental factors drive plant species distributions and how they affect latitudinal diversity gradients, remain essential questions in ecology and biogeography. In this study we aimed: 1) to investigate the relationships between all three diversity attributes, i.e., taxonomic diversity (TD), functional diversity (FD), and phylogenetic diversity (PD); 2) to quantify the latitudinal variation in these diversity attributes in western Amazonian terra firme forests; and 3) to understand how climatic and edaphic drivers contribute to explaining diversity patterns. We inventoried ca. 15,000 individuals from ca. 1,250 species, and obtained functional trait records for ca. 5,000 woody plant individuals in 50 plots of 0.1 ha located in five terra firme forest sites spread over a latitudinal gradient of 1200 km covering ca. 10°C in latitude in western Amazonia. We calculated all three diversity attributes using Hill numbers: q = 0 (richness), q = 1 (richness weighted by relative abundance), and q = 2 (richness weighted by dominance). Generalized linear mixed models were constructed for each diversity attribute to test the effects of different uncorrelated environmental predictors comprising the temperature seasonality, annual precipitation, soil pH and soil bulk density, as well as accounting for the effect of spatial autocorrelation, i.e., plots aggregated within sites. We confirmed that TD (q = 0, q = 1, and q = 2), FD (q = 0, q = 1, and q = 2), and PD (q = 0) increased monotonically towards the Equator following the latitudinal diversity gradient. The importance of rare species could explain the lack of a pattern for PD (q = 1 and q = 2). Temperature seasonality, which was highly correlated with latitude, and annual precipitation were the main environmental drivers of variations in TD, FD, and PD. All three diversity attributes increased with lower temperature seasonality, higher annual precipitation, and lower soil pH. We confirmed the existence of latitudinal diversity gradients for TD, FD, and PD in hyperdiverse Amazonian terra firme forests. Our results agree well with the predictions of the environmental filtering principle and the favourability hypothesis, even acting in a 10°C latitudinal range within tropical climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina Ben Saadi
- Departamento de Biología, Área de Botánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Cayuela
- Departmento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Guillermo Bañares de Dios
- Departmento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Julia G. de Aledo
- Departamento de Biología, Área de Botánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Matas-Granados
- Departamento de Biología, Área de Botánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Norma Salinas
- Sección Quíımica, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru
- School of Geography and Environment, University of Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - María de los Ángeles La Torre Cuadros
- Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Científica del Sur, Villa el Salvador, Peru
- Departamento de Manejo Forestal, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Peru
| | - Manuel J. Macía
- Departamento de Biología, Área de Botánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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25
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Wang Y, Wang S, Zhao L, Liang C, Miao B, Zhang Q, Niu X, Ma W, Schmid B. Stability and asynchrony of local communities but less so diversity increase regional stability of Inner Mongolian grassland. eLife 2022; 11:74881. [PMID: 36206306 PMCID: PMC9545536 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Extending knowledge on ecosystem stability to larger spatial scales is urgently needed because present local-scale studies are generally ineffective in guiding management and conservation decisions of an entire region with diverse plant communities. We investigated stability of plant productivity across spatial scales and hierarchical levels of organization and analyzed impacts of dominant species, species diversity, and climatic factors using a multisite survey of Inner Mongolian grassland. We found that regional stability across distant local communities was related to stability and asynchrony of local communities. Using only dominant instead of all-species dynamics explained regional stability almost equally well. The diversity of all or only dominant species had comparatively weak effects on stability and synchrony, whereas a lower mean and higher variation of precipitation destabilized regional and local communities by reducing population stability and synchronizing species dynamics. We demonstrate that, for semi-arid temperate grassland with highly uneven species abundances, the stability of regional communities is increased by stability and asynchrony of local communities and these are more affected by climate rather than species diversity. Reduced amounts and increased variation of precipitation in the future may compromise the sustainable provision of ecosystem services to human well-being in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University
| | - Liqing Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University
| | - Cunzhu Liang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University
| | - Bailing Miao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University
| | - Qing Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University
| | - Xiaxia Niu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University
| | - Wenhong Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University
| | - Bernhard Schmid
- Department of Geography, Remote Sensing Laboratories, University of Zürich
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26
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Renault D, Hess MCM, Braschi J, Cuthbert RN, Sperandii MG, Bazzichetto M, Chabrerie O, Thiébaut G, Buisson E, Grandjean F, Bittebiere AK, Mouchet M, Massol F. Advancing biological invasion hypothesis testing using functional diversity indices. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 834:155102. [PMID: 35398434 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pioneering investigations on the effects of introduced populations on community structure, ecosystem functioning and services have focused on the effects of invaders on taxonomic diversity. However, taxonomic-based diversity metrics overlook the heterogeneity of species roles within and among communities. As the homogenizing effects of biological invasions on community and ecosystem processes can be subtle, they may require the use of functional diversity indices to be properly evidenced. Starting from the listing of major functional diversity indices, alongside the presentation of their strengths and limitations, we focus on studies pertaining to the effects of invasive species on native communities and recipient ecosystems using functional diversity indices. By doing so, we reveal that functional diversity of the recipient community may strongly vary at the onset of the invasion process, while it stabilizes at intermediate and high levels of invasion. As functional changes occurring during the lag phase of an invasion have been poorly investigated, we show that it is still unknown whether there are consistent changes in functional diversity metrics that could indicate the end of the lag phase. Thus, we recommend providing information on the invasion stage under consideration when computing functional diversity metrics. For the existing literature, it is also surprising that very few studies explored the functional difference between organisms from the recipient communities and invaders of the same trophic levels, or assessed the effects of non-native organism establishment into a non-analogue versus an analogue community. By providing valuable tools for obtaining in-depth diagnostics of community structure and functioning, functional diversity indices can be applied for timely implementation of restoration plans and improved conservation strategies. To conclude, our work provides a first synthetic guide for their use in hypothesis testing in invasion biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Renault
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution)] - UMR 6553, Rennes, France; Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France.
| | - Manon C M Hess
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), UMR Aix Marseille Université, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, France; Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes Tour du Valat, Le Sambuc, 13200 Arles, France; NGE-GUINTOLI, Saint-Etienne du Grès, Parc d'activités de Laurade - BP22, 13156 Tarascon Cedex, France
| | - Julie Braschi
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), UMR Aix Marseille Université, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, France; Naturalia-Environnement, Ingénierie en écologie, 20 Rue Lawrence Durrell, 84140 Avignon, France
| | - Ross N Cuthbert
- GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, BT9 5DL Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Marta G Sperandii
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Manuele Bazzichetto
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution)] - UMR 6553, Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Chabrerie
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne, UMR 7058 CNRS EDYSAN, 1 rue des Louvels, 80037 Amiens Cedex 1, France
| | - Gabrielle Thiébaut
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution)] - UMR 6553, Rennes, France
| | - Elise Buisson
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), UMR Aix Marseille Université, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, France
| | - Frédéric Grandjean
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 EBI- Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, équipe EES, 5 rue Albert Turpin, Bat B8-B35, TSA 51106, 86073 Poitiers Cedex 09, France
| | - Anne-Kristel Bittebiere
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023 LEHNA, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Maud Mouchet
- UMR 7204 MNHN-SU-CNRS CESCO, CP135, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
| | - François Massol
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
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27
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Novak L, Scholl JP, Kiefer G, Iler AM. Prescribed burning has limited effects on the population dynamics of rare plants. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.12792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Logan Novak
- Chicago Botanic Garden The Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and Action Glencoe Illinois USA
| | - Joshua P. Scholl
- Chicago Botanic Garden The Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and Action Glencoe Illinois USA
| | - Gretel Kiefer
- Chicago Botanic Garden The Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and Action Glencoe Illinois USA
| | - Amy M. Iler
- Chicago Botanic Garden The Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and Action Glencoe Illinois USA
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28
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Riato L, Hill RA, Herlihy AT, Peck DV, Kaufmann PR, Stoddard JL, Paulsen SG. Genus-level, trait-based multimetric diatom indices for assessing the ecological condition of rivers and streams across the conterminous United States. ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS 2022; 141:1-13. [PMID: 36003067 PMCID: PMC9393879 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.109131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Taxonomic inconsistency in species-level identifications has constrained use of diatoms as biological indicators in aquatic assessments. We addressed this problem by developing diatom multimetric indices (MMIs) of ecological condition using genus-level taxonomy and trait-based autecological information. The MMIs were designed to assess river and stream chemical, physical and biological condition across the conterminous United States. Trait-based approaches have the advantage of using both species-level and genus-level data, which require less effort and expense to acquire than traditional species-based approaches and eliminate the persistent taxonomic biases introduced over vast geographic extents. For large-extent assessment programs that require multiple taxonomic laboratories to process samples, such as the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (U.S. EPA's) National Rivers and Streams Assessment (NRSA), the trait approach can eliminate discrepancies in species-level identification or nomenclature that hinder diatom data interpretation. We developed trait-based MMIs using NRSA data for each of the three large ecoregions across the U.S. - the East, Plains, and West. All three MMIs performed well in discriminating least-disturbed from most-disturbed sites. The MMI for the East had the greatest discrimination ability, followed by MMIs for the Plains and West, respectively. The performance of the MMIs was comparable to that observed in existing NRSA fish and macroinvertebrate MMIs. Our research shows that trait-based diatom indices constructed on genus-level taxonomy can be effective for large-scale assessments, and may also allow programs such as NRSA to assess trends in freshwater condition retrospectively, by revisiting older diatom datasets. Moreover, our genus-based approach facilitates including of diatoms into other assessment programs that have limited monitoring resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Riato
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Post-Doctoral Fellow c/o U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, 200 SW 35 St., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
| | - Ryan A. Hill
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, 200 SW 35 St., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
| | - Alan T. Herlihy
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
| | - David V. Peck
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, 200 SW 35 St., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
| | - Philip R. Kaufmann
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, 200 SW 35 St., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
| | - John L. Stoddard
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, 200 SW 35 St., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
| | - Steven G. Paulsen
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, 200 SW 35 St., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
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29
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McClinton JD, Shriver RK, Leger EA. Ecology of
Eriogonum tiehmii
, a rare soil specialist: Arthropod diversity, soil preferences, and demography. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jamey D. McClinton
- Department of Biology University of Nevada Reno Reno Nevada USA
- Nevada Division of Natural Heritage Department of Conservation and Natural Resources Carson City Nevada USA
| | - Robert K. Shriver
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science University of Nevada Reno Reno Nevada USA
- Graduate Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology University of Nevada Reno Nevada USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Leger
- Department of Biology University of Nevada Reno Reno Nevada USA
- Graduate Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology University of Nevada Reno Nevada USA
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30
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Sfair JC, Lososová Z, Chytrý M, de Bello F. Functional rarity and evolutionary uniqueness of threatened species across different scales and habitats in a Central European flora. J Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Júlia C. Sfair
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia České Budějovice Czech Republic
- Department of Biology Federal University of Ceará – UFC Fortaleza CE Brazil
| | - Zdeňka Lososová
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic
| | - Milan Chytrý
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic
| | - Francesco de Bello
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia České Budějovice Czech Republic
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación (CSIC‐UV‐GV) Valencia Spain
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31
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Sritharan MS, Scheele BC, Blanchard W, Foster CN, Werner PA, Lindenmayer DB. Plant rarity in fire-prone dry sclerophyll communities. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12055. [PMID: 35835789 PMCID: PMC9283327 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15927-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the responses of rare species to altered fire disturbance regimes is an ongoing challenge for ecologists. We asked: are there associations between fire regimes and plant rarity across different vegetation communities? We combined 62 years of fire history records with vegetation surveys of 86 sites across three different dry sclerophyll vegetation communities in Booderee National Park, south-east Australia to: (1) compare associations between species richness and rare species richness with fire regimes, (2) test whether fire regimes influence the proportion of rare species present in an assemblage, and (3) examine whether rare species are associated with particular fire response traits and life history. We also sought to determine if different rarity categorisations influence the associations between fire regimes and plant rarity. We categorised plant rarity using three standard definitions; species' abundance, species' distribution, and Rabinowitz's measure of rarity, which considers a species' abundance, distribution and habitat specificity. We found that total species richness was negatively associated with short fire intervals but positively associated with time since fire and fire frequency in woodland communities. Total species richness was also positively associated with short fire intervals in forest communities. However, rare species richness was not associated with fire when categorised via abundance or distribution. Using Rabinowitz's measure of rarity, the proportion of rare species present was negatively associated with fire frequency in forest communities but positively associated with fire frequency in woodland communities. We found that rare species classified by all three measures of rarity exhibited no difference in fire response traits and serotiny compared to species not classified as rare. Rare species based on abundance differed to species not classified as rare across each life history category, while species rare by distribution differed in preferences for seed storage location. Our findings suggest that species categorised as rare by Rabinowitz's definition of rarity are the most sensitive to the effects of fire regimes. Nevertheless, the paucity of responses observed between rare species with fire regimes in a fire-prone ecosystem suggests that other biotic drivers may play a greater role in influencing the rarity of a species in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meena S Sritharan
- Threatened Species Recovery Hub, Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.
| | - Ben C Scheele
- Threatened Species Recovery Hub, Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Wade Blanchard
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Claire N Foster
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Patricia A Werner
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - David B Lindenmayer
- Threatened Species Recovery Hub, Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
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32
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Long-term monitoring reveals widespread and severe declines of understory birds in a protected Neotropical forest. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2108731119. [PMID: 35377736 PMCID: PMC9169736 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2108731119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term studies on the population dynamics of tropical resident birds are few, and it remains poorly understood how their populations have fared in recent decades. Here, we analyzed a 44-y population study of a Neotropical understory bird assemblage from a protected forest reserve in central Panama to determine if and how populations have changed from 1977 to 2020. Using the number of birds captured in mist nets as an index of local abundance, we estimated trends over time for a diverse suite of 57 resident species that comprised a broad range of ecological and behavioral traits. Estimated abundances of 40 (∼70%) species declined over the sampling period, whereas only 2 increased. Furthermore, declines were severe: 35 of the 40 declining species exhibited large proportional losses in estimated abundance, amounting to ≥50% of their initial estimated abundances. Declines were largely independent of ecology (i.e., body mass, foraging guild, or initial abundance) or phylogenetic affiliation. These widespread, severe declines are particularly alarming, given that they occurred in a relatively large (∼22,000-ha) forested area in the absence of local fragmentation or recent land-use change. Our findings provide robust evidence of tropical bird declines in intact forests and bolster a large body of literature from temperate regions suggesting that bird populations may be declining at a global scale. Identifying the ecological mechanisms underlying these declines should be an urgent conservation priority.
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33
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Simpson DT, Weinman LR, Genung MA, Roswell M, MacLeod M, Winfree R. Many bee species, including rare species, are important for function of entire plant-pollinator networks. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20212689. [PMID: 35414236 PMCID: PMC9006027 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.2689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
It is important to understand how biodiversity, including that of rare species, affects ecosystem function. Here, we consider this question with regard to pollination. Studies of pollination function have typically focused on pollination of single plant species, or average pollination across plants, and typically find that pollination depends on a few common species. Here, we used data from 11 plant-bee visitation networks in New Jersey, USA, to ask whether the number of functionally important bee species changes as we consider function separately for each plant species in increasingly diverse plant communities. Using rarefaction analysis, we found the number of important bee species increased with the number of plant species. Overall, 2.5 to 7.6 times more bee species were important at the community scale, relative to the average plant species in the same community. This effect did not asymptote in any of our datasets, suggesting that even greater bee biodiversity is needed in real-world systems. Lastly, on average across plant communities, 25% of bee species that were important at the community scale were also numerically rare within their network, making this study one of the strongest empirical demonstrations to date of the functional importance of rare species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mark A Genung
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, 14 College Farm Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Louisiana, Lafayette, LA 70503, USA
| | - Michael Roswell
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Evolution, and.,Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Molly MacLeod
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Evolution, and.,Science Communications and Engagement, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Science Communications and Engagement, San Rafael, CA 94901, USA
| | - Rachael Winfree
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, 14 College Farm Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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34
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Functional representativeness and distinctiveness of reintroduced birds and mammals in Europe. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4081. [PMID: 35260728 PMCID: PMC8904635 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07991-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Reintroduction, the human-mediated movement of organisms to re-establish locally extinct populations, has become a popular conservation tool. However, because reintroductions often focus on local or national conservation issues, their contribution to the conservation of biodiversity at large scale remains unclear. While taxonomic biases have already been identified in reintroduction programs at regional scales, studies have stressed the need to account for other facets of biodiversity when assessing the relevance of the allocation of conservation efforts. In particular, it may be very fruitful to discriminate if and how such taxonomic biases may influence the functional complementarity of reintroduction targets, and to which extent reintroduction practitioners may have focused on species performing more singular functions than others. Here, we investigate the diversity of functional traits supported by reintroduced species of terrestrial birds and mammals in Europe. For each taxonomic group, we explored the functional representativeness of reintroduction targets at the European scale, i.e., whether species involved in reintroduction programs collectively represent the range of functional trait variation observed in the regional assemblage. Because additional conservation value could have been given by practitioners to species performing singular functions, we also measured the functional distinctiveness of reintroduced species. We found that reintroductions of birds did not focus on functionally distinct species, and that the subset of reintroduced birds is representative of the functional diversity at a continental scale. However, reintroductions of mammals involved more functionally distinct species than expected, even though reintroduced mammals are not collectively representative of the functional diversity of the continental assemblage.
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35
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Stewart PS, Voskamp A, Santini L, Biber MF, Devenish AJM, Hof C, Willis SG, Tobias JA. Global impacts of climate change on avian functional diversity. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:673-685. [PMID: 35199917 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is predicted to drive geographical range shifts, leading to fluctuations in species richness (SR) worldwide. However, the effect of these changes on functional diversity (FD) remains unclear, in part because comprehensive species-level trait data are generally lacking at global scales. Here, we use morphometric and ecological traits for 8268 bird species to estimate the impact of climate change on avian FD. We show that future bird assemblages are likely to undergo substantial shifts in trait structure, with a magnitude of change greater than predicted from SR alone, and a direction of change varying according to geographical location and trophic guild. For example, our models predict that FD of insect predators will increase at higher latitudes with concurrent losses at mid-latitudes, whereas FD of seed dispersing birds will fluctuate across the tropics. Our findings highlight the potential for climate change to drive continental-scale shifts in avian FD with implications for ecosystem function and resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Stewart
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK.,Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
| | - Alke Voskamp
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK.,Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Luca Santini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,National Research Council, Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (CNR-IRET), Monterotondo (Rome), Italy
| | - Matthias F Biber
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Frankfurt, Germany.,Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | | | - Christian Hof
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Frankfurt, Germany.,Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | | | - Joseph A Tobias
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
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36
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Viana JL, Dalling JW. Soil fertility and water availability effects on trait dispersion and phylogenetic relatedness of tropical terrestrial ferns. Oecologia 2022; 198:733-748. [PMID: 35179630 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05131-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of plant functional traits and their phylogenetic relationships has shed light on the processes structuring the occurrence patterns of angiosperm taxa across environmental gradients. In montane tropical forests, angiosperms coexist with diverse communities of terrestrial ferns, with distinct evolutionary histories, leaf morphology, and reproductive systems. Here we examined the functional traits, functional dispersion, and phylogenetic diversity of ferns across a well-described gradient of moisture and soil nutrient availability in a premontane tropical rainforest in western Panama. We measured 15 functional traits from 33 terrestrial fern species occurring in 12 one-ha plots. We applied RLQ and fourth-corner analyses to assess relationships between trait and environmental variables and used beta regression to evaluate how functional dispersion responds to environmental factors. In addition, we analyzed trait distributions with respect to fern phylogeny. We found that functional composition was predicted by soil variables and dry season rainfall. Leaf phosphorus (P) increased and leaf carbon (C) to nitrogen (N) ratio decreased with increasing soil total N:P ratio. Functional dispersion decreased with increasing soil total N:P in wet sites and with increasing manganese in dry sites, suggesting that low soil fertility and dry season moisture stress both tend to reduce functional diversity. Traits exhibited phylogenetic clustering primarily at deep nodes associated with tree versus herbaceous fern clades. Our results indicate that environmental filtering of functional traits affects ferns in a similar way to angiosperms and highlight the association of the early tree fern clade with low fertility soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Lira Viana
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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37
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Zhang S, Zang R, Sheil D. Rare and common species contribute disproportionately to the functional variation within tropical forests. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 304:114332. [PMID: 34933270 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how functional traits and functional entities (FEs, i.e., unique combinations of functional traits) are distributed within plant communities can contribute to the understanding of vegetation properties and changes in species composition. We utilized investigation data on woody plants (including trees, shrubs and lianas) from 17 1-ha plots across six old-growth tropical forest types on Hainan island, China. Plant species were categorized as common (>1 individuals/ha) and rare species (≤1 individuals/ha) according to their abundance to determine how they contributed to different ecosystem functions. First, we assessed the differences in traits between common and rare species, and second, we examined functional redundancy, functional over-redundancy, and functional vulnerability for common and rare species of the forests. We found that both common species and rare species in each of the forest types were placed into just a few FEs, leading to functional over-redundancy and resulting in functional vulnerability. Rare species tended to have different trait values than those of common species, and were differently distributed among FEs, indicating different contributions to ecosystem functioning. Our results highlighted the disproportionate contribution of rare species in all of the studied forests. Rare species are more likely than common species to possess unique FEs, and thus, they have a disproportionately large contribution to community trait space. The loss of such species may impact the functioning, redundancy, and resilience of tropical forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzi Zhang
- Hebei Academy of Forestry and Grassland Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050061, China; Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Nature Conservation, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China
| | - Runguo Zang
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Nature Conservation, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
| | - Douglas Sheil
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Situ Gede, Bogor Barat, Jawa Barat 16115, Indonesia
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38
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Abstract
Rare species, which represent a large fraction of the taxa in ecological assemblages, account for much of the biological diversity on Earth. These species make substantial contributions to ecosystem functioning, and are targets of conservation policy. Here we adopt an integrated approach, combining information on the rarity of species trait combinations, and their spatial restrictedness, to quantify the biogeography of rare fish (a taxon with almost 13,000 species) in the world's oceans. We find concentrations of rarity, in excess of what is predicted by a null expectation, near the coasts and at higher latitudes. We also observe mismatches between these rarity hotspots and marine protected areas. This pattern is repeated for both major groupings of fish, the Actinopterygii (bony fish) and Elasmobranchii (sharks, skates and rays). These results uncover global patterns of rarity that were not apparent from earlier work, and highlight the importance of using metrics that incorporate information on functional traits in the conservation and management of global marine fishes.
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39
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Bauman D, Fortunel C, Cernusak LA, Bentley LP, McMahon SM, Rifai SW, Aguirre-Gutiérrez J, Oliveras I, Bradford M, Laurance SGW, Delhaye G, Hutchinson MF, Dempsey R, McNellis BE, Santos-Andrade PE, Ninantay-Rivera HR, Chambi Paucar JR, Phillips OL, Malhi Y. Tropical tree growth sensitivity to climate is driven by species intrinsic growth rate and leaf traits. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:1414-1432. [PMID: 34741793 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A better understanding of how climate affects growth in tree species is essential for improved predictions of forest dynamics under climate change. Long-term climate averages (mean climate) drive spatial variations in species' baseline growth rates, whereas deviations from these averages over time (anomalies) can create growth variation around the local baseline. However, the rarity of long-term tree census data spanning climatic gradients has so far limited our understanding of their respective role, especially in tropical systems. Furthermore, tree growth sensitivity to climate is likely to vary widely among species, and the ecological strategies underlying these differences remain poorly understood. Here, we utilize an exceptional dataset of 49 years of growth data for 509 tree species across 23 tropical rainforest plots along a climatic gradient to examine how multiannual tree growth responds to both climate means and anomalies, and how species' functional traits mediate these growth responses to climate. We show that anomalous increases in atmospheric evaporative demand and solar radiation consistently reduced tree growth. Drier forests and fast-growing species were more sensitive to water stress anomalies. In addition, species traits related to water use and photosynthesis partly explained differences in growth sensitivity to both climate means and anomalies. Our study demonstrates that both climate means and anomalies shape tree growth in tropical forests and that species traits can provide insights into understanding these demographic responses to climate change, offering a promising way forward to forecast tropical forest dynamics under different climate trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bauman
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland, USA
- AMAP (Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations), Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Fortunel
- AMAP (Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations), Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Lucas A Cernusak
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lisa P Bentley
- Department of Biology, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, California, USA
| | - Sean M McMahon
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland, USA
| | - Sami W Rifai
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Jesús Aguirre-Gutiérrez
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Biodiversity Dynamics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Imma Oliveras
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Matt Bradford
- CSIRO Land and Water, Tropical Forest Research Centre, Atherton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Susan G W Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Guillaume Delhaye
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael F Hutchinson
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Raymond Dempsey
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Brandon E McNellis
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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40
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Abstract
One of the most fundamental questions in ecology is how many species inhabit the Earth. However, due to massive logistical and financial challenges and taxonomic difficulties connected to the species concept definition, the global numbers of species, including those of important and well-studied life forms such as trees, still remain largely unknown. Here, based on global ground-sourced data, we estimate the total tree species richness at global, continental, and biome levels. Our results indicate that there are ∼73,000 tree species globally, among which ∼9,000 tree species are yet to be discovered. Roughly 40% of undiscovered tree species are in South America. Moreover, almost one-third of all tree species to be discovered may be rare, with very low populations and limited spatial distribution (likely in remote tropical lowlands and mountains). These findings highlight the vulnerability of global forest biodiversity to anthropogenic changes in land use and climate, which disproportionately threaten rare species and thus, global tree richness.
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41
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Plant Litter from Rare Species Increases Functional Diversity and Decomposition of Species Mixtures. Ecosystems 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-022-00740-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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42
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Hughes RM, Zeigler M, Stringer S, Linam GW, Flotemersch J, Jessup B, Joseph S, Jacobi G, Guevara L, Cook R, Bradley P, Barrios K. Biological assessment of western USA sandy bottom rivers based on modeling historical and current fish and macroinvertebrate data. RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 38:639-656. [PMID: 35602909 PMCID: PMC9115846 DOI: 10.1002/rra.3929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Biological monitoring is important for assessing the ecological condition of surface waters. However, there are challenges in determining what constitutes reference conditions, what assemblages should be used as indicators, and how assemblage data should be converted into quantitative indicator scores. In this study, we developed and applied biological condition gradient (BCG) modeling to fish and macroinvertebrate data previously collected from large, sandy bottom southwestern USA rivers. Such rivers are particularly vulnerable to altered flow regimes resulting from dams, water withdrawals and climate change. We found that sensitive ubiquitous taxa for both fish and macroinvertebrates had been replaced by more tolerant taxa, but that the condition assessment ratings based on fish and macroinvertebrate assemblages differed. We conclude that the BCG models based on both macroinvertebrate and fish assemblage condition were useful for classifying the condition of southwestern USA sandy bottom rivers. However, our fish BCG model was slightly more sensitive than the macroinvertebrate model to anthropogenic disturbance, presumably because we had historical fish data, and because fish may be more sensitive to dams and altered flow regimes than are macroinvertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. Hughes
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, & Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Shann Stringer
- New Mexico Energy, Minerals, and Natural Resources Department, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA
| | - Gordon W. Linam
- Texas Parks and Wildlife, River Studies Program, San Marcos, Texas, USA
| | - Joseph Flotemersch
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency—Office of Research & Development, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Seva Joseph
- New Mexico Environment Department, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA
| | - Gerald Jacobi
- New Mexico Highlands University, Las Vegas, New Mexico, USA
| | - Lynette Guevara
- New Mexico Environment Department, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA
| | - Robert Cook
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency—Region 6, Dallas, Texas, USA
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43
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Pust MM, Tümmler B. Bacterial low-abundant taxa are key determinants of a healthy airway metagenome in the early years of human life. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 20:175-186. [PMID: 35024091 PMCID: PMC8713036 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The default removal of low-abundance (rare) taxa from microbial community analyses may lead to an incomplete picture of the taxonomic and functional microbial potential within the human habitat. Publicly available shotgun metagenomics data of healthy children and children with cystic fibrosis (CF) were reanalysed to study the development of the rare species biosphere, which was here defined by either the 15th, 25th or 35th species abundance percentile. We found that healthy children contained an age-independent network of abundant (core) and rare species with both entities being essential in maintaining the network structure. The protein sequence usage for more than 100 bacterial metabolic pathways differed between the core and rare species biosphere. In CF children, the background structure was underdeveloped and random forest bootstrapping based on all constituents of the early airway metagenome and host-associated factors indicated that rare taxa were the most important variables in deciding whether a child was healthy or suffered from the life-limiting CF disease. Attempts failed to make the age-independent CF network as robust as the healthy structure when an increasing number of bacterial taxa from the healthy network was incorporated into the CF structure by computer-based model simulations. However, the transfer of a key combination of taxa from the healthy to the CF network structure with high species diversity and low species dominance, correlated with a more robust CF network and a topological approximation of CF and healthy graph structures. Rothia mucilaginosa, Streptococci and rare species were essential in improving the underdeveloped CF network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Madlen Pust
- Department of Paediatric Pneumology, Allergology, and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Burkhard Tümmler
- Department of Paediatric Pneumology, Allergology, and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research, Hannover Medical School, Germany
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44
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Kolanowska M. The future of a montane orchid species and the impact of climate change on the distribution of its pollinators and magnet species. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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45
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Morel L, Jung V, Chollet S, Ysnel F, Barbe L. From taxonomic to functional dark diversity: Exploring the causes of potential biodiversity and its implications for conservation. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Loïs Morel
- UMR BOREAMNHNCNRSUPMCIRDUCUAUniversité de Rennes 1 Rennes France
- UMR LETGCNRSUniversité de Nantes Nantes France
| | - Vincent Jung
- UMR 6553 ECOBIOOSURCNRSUniversité de Rennes 1 Rennes France
| | - Simon Chollet
- UMR 6553 ECOBIOOSURCNRSUniversité de Rennes 1 Rennes France
| | - Frédéric Ysnel
- UMR BOREAMNHNCNRSUPMCIRDUCUAUniversité de Rennes 1 Rennes France
| | - Lou Barbe
- UMR 6553 ECOBIOOSURCNRSUniversité de Rennes 1 Rennes France
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46
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Waechter LS, Luiz OJ, Leprieur F, Bender MG. Functional biogeography of marine vertebrates in Atlantic Ocean reefs. DIVERS DISTRIB 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luiza S. Waechter
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal Departamento de Ecologia e Evolução CCNE Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Santa Maria Brazil
- Marine Macroecology and Conservation Lab Departamento de Ecologia Evolução CCNE Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Santa Maria Brazil
| | - Osmar J. Luiz
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods Charles Darwin University Darwin NT Australia
| | - Fabien Leprieur
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD Montpellier France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF) Paris France
| | - Mariana G. Bender
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal Departamento de Ecologia e Evolução CCNE Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Santa Maria Brazil
- Marine Macroecology and Conservation Lab Departamento de Ecologia Evolução CCNE Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Santa Maria Brazil
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47
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Degteva S, Bobretsov A, Bobrov Y, Dolgin M, Dulin M, Filippov N, Goncharova N, Hermansson J, Kanev V, Kirillov D, Kirillova I, Kirsanova O, Kochanov S, Kolesnikova A, Konakova T, Korolev A, Kosolapov D, Kulakova O, Kulyugina E, Loskutova O, Melekhina E, Mineev O, Mineev Y, Morozov V, Nakul G, Palamarchuk M, Patova E, Pestov S, Petrov A, Poletaeva I, Ponomarev V, Pystina T, Rebriev Y, Romanov R, Selivanova N, Shiryaev A, Shubina T, Sterlyagova I, Tatarinov A, Teteryuk B, Teteryuk L, Ulle Z, Valuyskikh O, Zakharov A, Zheleznova G, Zinovyeva A, Dubrovskiy Y, Gruzdev B, Ichetkina A, Martynenko V, Oplesnina N, Panova V, Romanova I, Rubtsov M, Rybin L, Semenova N. Occurrences of Threatened Species included in the Third Edition of the Red Data Book of the Komi Republic (Russia). Biodivers Data J 2021; 9:e73763. [PMID: 34754267 PMCID: PMC8553680 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.9.e73763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of the data paper was to introduce into scientific literature the results of scientific work carried out for the third edition of the 'Red Data Book of the Komi Republic'. The article reflects methodological approaches to the formation of a list of rare and in need of protection species and describes the corresponding datasets published in GBIF. NEW INFORMATION Information about 7,187 occurrences of 438 rare species and infraspecies included in the third edition of the 'Red Data Book of the Komi Republic' have been published.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Degteva
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, RussiaInstitute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesSyktyvkarRussia
| | - Anatoly Bobretsov
- Pechoro-Ilych State Nature Reserve, Yaksha, RussiaPechoro-Ilych State Nature ReserveYakshaRussia
| | - Yury Bobrov
- Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, Syktyvkar, RussiaPitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State UniversitySyktyvkarRussia
| | - Modest Dolgin
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, RussiaInstitute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesSyktyvkarRussia
| | - Mikhail Dulin
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, RussiaInstitute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesSyktyvkarRussia
| | - Nickolay Filippov
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, RussiaInstitute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesSyktyvkarRussia
| | - Nadezhda Goncharova
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, RussiaInstitute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesSyktyvkarRussia
| | - Janolof Hermansson
- Department of Physical Planning, Ludvika, SwedenDepartment of Physical PlanningLudvikaSweden
| | - Vladimir Kanev
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, RussiaInstitute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesSyktyvkarRussia
| | - Dmitry Kirillov
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, RussiaInstitute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesSyktyvkarRussia
| | - Irina Kirillova
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, RussiaInstitute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesSyktyvkarRussia
| | - Olga Kirsanova
- Pechoro-Ilych State Nature Reserve, Yaksha, RussiaPechoro-Ilych State Nature ReserveYakshaRussia
| | - Sergey Kochanov
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, RussiaInstitute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesSyktyvkarRussia
| | - Alla Kolesnikova
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, RussiaInstitute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesSyktyvkarRussia
| | - Tatyana Konakova
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, RussiaInstitute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesSyktyvkarRussia
| | - Andrey Korolev
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, RussiaInstitute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesSyktyvkarRussia
| | - Denis Kosolapov
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, RussiaInstitute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesSyktyvkarRussia
| | - Oksana Kulakova
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, RussiaInstitute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesSyktyvkarRussia
| | - Ekaterina Kulyugina
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, RussiaInstitute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesSyktyvkarRussia
| | - Olga Loskutova
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, RussiaInstitute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesSyktyvkarRussia
| | - Elena Melekhina
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, RussiaInstitute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesSyktyvkarRussia
| | - Oleg Mineev
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, RussiaInstitute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesSyktyvkarRussia
| | - Yuri Mineev
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, RussiaInstitute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesSyktyvkarRussia
| | - Vladimir Morozov
- All-Russian Research Institute for Environment, Moscow, RussiaAll-Russian Research Institute for EnvironmentMoscowRussia
| | - Gleb Nakul
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, RussiaInstitute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesSyktyvkarRussia
| | - Marina Palamarchuk
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, RussiaInstitute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesSyktyvkarRussia
| | - Elena Patova
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, RussiaInstitute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesSyktyvkarRussia
| | - Sergej Pestov
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, RussiaInstitute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesSyktyvkarRussia
| | - Anatoly Petrov
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, RussiaInstitute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesSyktyvkarRussia
| | - Irina Poletaeva
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, RussiaInstitute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesSyktyvkarRussia
| | - Vasily Ponomarev
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, RussiaInstitute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesSyktyvkarRussia
| | - Tatiana Pystina
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, RussiaInstitute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesSyktyvkarRussia
| | - Yury Rebriev
- Southern Scientific Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, Rostov-on-Don, RussiaSouthern Scientific Centre of Russian Academy of SciencesRostov-on-DonRussia
| | - Roman Romanov
- Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, RussiaKomarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of SciencesSaint PetersburgRussia
| | - Natalya Selivanova
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, RussiaInstitute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesSyktyvkarRussia
| | - Anton Shiryaev
- Institute of Plant & Animal Ecology (IPAE) Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (UrB RAS), Ekaterinburg, RussiaInstitute of Plant & Animal Ecology (IPAE) Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (UrB RAS)EkaterinburgRussia
| | - Tatyana Shubina
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, RussiaInstitute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesSyktyvkarRussia
| | - Irina Sterlyagova
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, RussiaInstitute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesSyktyvkarRussia
| | - Andrey Tatarinov
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, RussiaInstitute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesSyktyvkarRussia
| | - Boris Teteryuk
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, RussiaInstitute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesSyktyvkarRussia
| | - Ludmila Teteryuk
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, RussiaInstitute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesSyktyvkarRussia
| | - Zinaida Ulle
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, RussiaInstitute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesSyktyvkarRussia
| | - Olga Valuyskikh
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, RussiaInstitute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesSyktyvkarRussia
| | - Alexander Zakharov
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, RussiaInstitute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesSyktyvkarRussia
| | - Galina Zheleznova
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, RussiaInstitute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesSyktyvkarRussia
| | - Aurika Zinovyeva
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, RussiaInstitute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesSyktyvkarRussia
| | - Yuriy Dubrovskiy
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, RussiaInstitute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesSyktyvkarRussia
| | - Boris Gruzdev
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, RussiaInstitute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesSyktyvkarRussia
| | - Anna Ichetkina
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, RussiaInstitute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesSyktyvkarRussia
| | - Vera Martynenko
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, RussiaInstitute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesSyktyvkarRussia
| | - Nadezhda Oplesnina
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, RussiaInstitute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesSyktyvkarRussia
| | - Vera Panova
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, RussiaInstitute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesSyktyvkarRussia
| | - Irina Romanova
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, RussiaInstitute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesSyktyvkarRussia
| | - Mikhail Rubtsov
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, RussiaInstitute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesSyktyvkarRussia
| | - Leonid Rybin
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, RussiaInstitute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesSyktyvkarRussia
| | - Nataliya Semenova
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, RussiaInstitute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesSyktyvkarRussia
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Faquim RCP, Machado KB, Teresa FB, de Oliveira PHF, Granjeiro GF, Galli Vieira LC, Nabout JC. Shortcuts for biomonitoring programs of stream ecosystems: Evaluating the taxonomic, numeric, and cross-taxa congruence in phytoplankton, periphyton, zooplankton, and fish assemblages. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258342. [PMID: 34648532 PMCID: PMC8516258 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Different biological groups can be used for monitoring aquatic ecosystems because they can respond to variations in the environment. However, the evaluation of different bioindicators may demand multiple financial resources and time, especially when abundance quantification and species-level identification are required. In this study, we evaluated whether taxonomic, numerical resolution and cross-taxa can be used to optimize costs and time for stream biomonitoring in Central Brazil (Cerrado biome). For this, we sampled different biological groups (fish, zooplankton, phytoplankton, and periphyton) in stream stretches distributed in a gradient of land conversion dominated by agriculture and livestock. We used the Mantel and Procrustes analyses to test the association among different taxonomic levels (species to class), the association between incidence and abundance data (numerical resolution), and biological groups. We also assessed the relative effect of local environmental and spatial predictors on different groups. The taxonomic levels and numerical resolutions were strongly correlated in all taxonomic groups (r > 0.70). We found no correlations among biological groups. Different sets of environmental variables were the most important to explain the variability in species composition of distinct biological groups. Thus, we conclude that monitoring the streams in this region using bioindicators is more informative through higher taxonomic levels with occurrence data than abundance. However, different biological groups provide complementary information, reinforcing the need for a multi-taxa approach in biomonitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruan Carlos Pires Faquim
- Câmpus Anápolis de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas—Henrique Santillo, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Karine Borges Machado
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Barreto Teresa
- Câmpus Anápolis de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas—Henrique Santillo, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - João Carlos Nabout
- Câmpus Anápolis de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas—Henrique Santillo, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil
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49
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Huang R, Xie X, Chen A, Li F, Tian E, Chao Z. The chloroplast genomes of four Bupleurum (Apiaceae) species endemic to Southwestern China, a diversity center of the genus, as well as their evolutionary implications and phylogenetic inferences. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:714. [PMID: 34600494 PMCID: PMC8487540 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08008-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As one of the largest genera in Apiaceae, Bupleurum L. is well known for its high medicinal value. The genus has frequently attracted the attention of evolutionary biologist and taxonomist for its distinctive characteristics in the Apiaceae family. Although some chloroplast genomes data have been now available, the changes in the structure of chloroplast genomes and selective pressure in the genus have not been fully understood. In addition, few of the species are endemic to Southwest China, a distribution and diversity center of Chinese Bupleurum. Endemic species are key components of biodiversity and ecosystems, and investigation of the chloroplast genomes features of endemic species in Bupleurum will be helpful to develop a better understanding of evolutionary process and phylogeny of the genus. In this study, we analyzed the sequences of whole chloroplast genomes of 4 Southwest China endemic Bupleurum species in comparison with the published data of 17 Bupleurum species to determine the evolutionary characteristics of the genus and the phylogenetic relationships of Asian Bupleurum. Results The complete chloroplast genome sequences of the 4 endemic Bupleurum species are 155,025 bp to 155,323 bp in length including a SSC and a LSC region separated by a pair of IRs. Comparative analysis revealed an identical chloroplast gene content across the 21 Bupleurum species, including a total of 114 unique genes (30 tRNA genes, 4 rRNA genes and 80 protein-coding genes). Chloroplast genomes of the 21 Bupleurum species showed no rearrangements and a high sequence identity (96.4–99.2%). They also shared a similar tendency of SDRs and SSRs, but differed in number (59–83). In spite of their high conservation, they contained some mutational hotspots, which can be potentially exploited as high-resolution DNA barcodes for species discrimination. Selective pressure analysis showed that four genes were under positive selection. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the 21 Bupleurum formed two major clades, which are likely to correspond to their geographical distribution. Conclusions The chloroplast genome data of the four endemic Bupleurum species provide important insights into the characteristics and evolution of chloroplast genomes of this genu, and the phylogeny of Bupleurum. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-08008-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Xuena Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Enwei Tian
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Zhi Chao
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China. .,Faculty of Medicinal Plants and Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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50
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Nyboer EA, Lin HY, Bennett JR, Gabriel J, Twardek W, Chhor AD, Daly L, Dolson S, Guitard E, Holder P, Mozzon CM, Trahan A, Zimmermann D, Kesner-Reyes K, Garilao C, Kaschner K, Cooke SJ. Global assessment of marine and freshwater recreational fish reveals mismatch in climate change vulnerability and conservation effort. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:4799-4824. [PMID: 34289527 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recreational fisheries contribute substantially to the sociocultural and economic well-being of coastal and riparian regions worldwide, but climate change threatens their sustainability. Fishery managers require information on how climate change will impact key recreational species; however, the absence of a global assessment hinders both directed and widespread conservation efforts. In this study, we present the first global climate change vulnerability assessment of recreationally targeted fish species from marine and freshwater environments (including diadromous fishes). We use climate change projections and data on species' physiological and ecological traits to quantify and map global climate vulnerability and analyze these patterns alongside the indices of socioeconomic value and conservation effort to determine where efforts are sufficient and where they might fall short. We found that over 20% of recreationally targeted fishes are vulnerable to climate change under a high emission scenario. Overall, marine fishes had the highest number of vulnerable species, concentrated in regions with sensitive habitat types (e.g., coral reefs). However, freshwater fishes had higher proportions of species at risk from climate change, with concentrations in northern Europe, Australia, and southern Africa. Mismatches in conservation effort and vulnerability were found within all regions and life-history groups. A key pattern was that current conservation effort focused primarily on marine fishes of high socioeconomic value rather than on the freshwater and diadromous fishes that were predicted to be proportionately more vulnerable. While several marine regions were notably lacking in protection (e.g., Caribbean Sea, Banda Sea), only 19% of vulnerable marine species were without conservation effort. By contrast, 72% of freshwater fishes and 33% of diadromous fishes had no measures in place, despite their high vulnerability and cultural value. The spatial and taxonomic analyses presented here provide guidance for the future conservation and management of recreational fisheries as climate change progresses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hsien-Yung Lin
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph R Bennett
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Joseph Gabriel
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - William Twardek
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Auston D Chhor
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lindsay Daly
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Dolson
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Eric Guitard
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Holder
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Cristina Garilao
- GEOMAR Helmholtz, Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kristin Kaschner
- Abteilung für Biometri und Umweltsystemanalyse, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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