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Ryser R, Chase JM, Gauzens B, Häussler J, Hirt MR, Rosenbaum B, Brose U. Landscape configuration can flip species-area relationships in dynamic meta-food-webs. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230138. [PMID: 38913064 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Spatial and trophic processes profoundly influence biodiversity, yet ecological theories often treat them independently. The theory of island biogeography and related theories on metacommunities predict higher species richness with increasing area across islands or habitat patches. In contrast, food-web theory explores the effects of traits and network structure on coexistence within local communities. Exploring the mechanisms by which landscape configurations interact with food-web dynamics in shaping metacommunities is important for our understanding of biodiversity. Here, we use a meta-food-web model to explore the role of landscape configuration in determining species richness and show that when habitat patches are interconnected by dispersal, more species can persist on smaller islands than predicted by classical theory. When patch sizes are spatially aggregated, this effect flattens the slope of the species-area relationship. Surprisingly, when landscapes have random patch-size distributions, the slope of the species-area relationships can even flip and become negative. This could be explained by higher biomass densities of lower trophic levels that then support species occupying higher trophic levels, which only persist on small and well-connected patches. This highlights the importance of simultaneously considering landscape configuration and local food-web dynamics to understand drivers of species-area relationships in metacommunities.This article is part of the theme issue 'Diversity-dependence of dispersal: interspecific interactions determine spatial dynamics'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remo Ryser
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstr. 4, Leipzig 04103, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Jonathan M Chase
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstr. 4, Leipzig 04103, Germany
- Institute for Computer Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle 06108, Germany
| | - Benoit Gauzens
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstr. 4, Leipzig 04103, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Johanna Häussler
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstr. 4, Leipzig 04103, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Myriam R Hirt
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstr. 4, Leipzig 04103, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Benjamin Rosenbaum
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstr. 4, Leipzig 04103, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Ulrich Brose
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstr. 4, Leipzig 04103, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena 07743, Germany
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2
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Zhang J, Wang L, Yang Y, Liu H. Counteractive effects of predator invasion and habitat destruction on predator-prey systems. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11646. [PMID: 38975268 PMCID: PMC11224505 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Alien species invasion and habitat destruction are among the primary threats to native animal communities, particularly for native predator-prey systems. However, when predator invasion and habitat destruction co-occur, it remains unclear whether their respective threats to native systems compensate each other or accumulate, as well as how these effects respond to the different characteristics of predator invasion and habitat destruction. In this study, we developed a spatially explicit simulation model with one prey species and one predator species and exposed it to invasive predators and habitat destruction with different properties. The results revealed the following insights: (1) Habitat destruction can compensate threats to native predator-prey systems from global predator invasion only when native predators possess predation capability similar to those of the invaders. In other scenarios, cumulative effects arise from predator invasion and habitat destruction. (2) Low levels of habitat destruction occurring at a faster rate, in conjunction with a substantial number of global invasive predators being present, can better compensate their respective threats to native predator-prey systems than the other scenarios. These findings provide valuable insights into situations where habitat destruction and alien species invasion coincide. They raise the question of whether we can leverage the interaction between them to reduce threats to biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- College of Mathematics and Computer ScienceZhejiang Agriculture and Forestry UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Linying Wang
- College of Mathematics and Computer ScienceZhejiang Agriculture and Forestry UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yinghui Yang
- School of MathematicsSouthwest Jiaotong UniversityChengduChina
| | - Haoqi Liu
- College of Mathematics and Computer ScienceZhejiang Agriculture and Forestry UniversityHangzhouChina
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3
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Wang Z, Chase JM, Xu W, Liu J, Wu D, Zhang A, Wang J, Luo Y, Yu M. Higher trophic levels and species with poorer dispersal traits are more susceptible to habitat loss on island fragments. Ecology 2024; 105:e4300. [PMID: 38650396 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Ongoing habitat loss and fragmentation caused by human activities represent one of the greatest causes of biodiversity loss. However, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation are not felt equally among species. Here, we examined how habitat loss influenced the diversity and abundance of species from different trophic levels, with different traits, by taking advantage of an inadvertent experiment that created habitat islands from a once continuous forest via the creation of the Thousand Island Lake, a large reservoir in China. On 28 of these islands with more than a 9000-fold difference in their area (0.12-1154 ha), we sampled plants, herbivorous insects, and predatory insects using effort-controlled sampling and analyses. This allowed us to discern whether any observed differences in species diversity were due to passive sampling alone or to demographic effects that disproportionately influenced some species relative to others. We found that while most metrics of sampling effort-controlled diversity increased with island area, the strength of the effect was exacerbated for species in higher trophic levels. When we more explicitly examined differences in species composition among islands, we found that the pairwise difference in species composition among islands was dominated by species turnover but that nestedness increased with differences in island area, indicating that some species are more likely to be absent from smaller islands. Furthermore, by examining trends of several dispersal-related traits of species, we found that species with lower dispersal propensity tended to be those that were lost from smaller islands, which was observed for herbivorous and predatory insects. Our results emphasize the importance of incorporating within-patch demographic effects, as well as the taxa and traits of species when understanding the influence of habitat loss on biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jonathan M Chase
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Computer Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Wubing Xu
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Computer Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jinliang Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Donghao Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aiying Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jirui Wang
- School of Agricultural and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Luo
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mingjian Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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4
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Martínez-Núñez C, Casanelles Abella J, Frey D, Zanetta A, Moretti M. Local and landscape factors shape alpha and beta trophic interaction diversity in urban gardens. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20232501. [PMID: 38772421 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.2501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Promoting urban green spaces is an effective strategy to increase biodiversity in cities. However, our understanding of how local and landscape factors influence trophic interactions in these urban contexts remains limited. Here, we sampled cavity-nesting bees and wasps and their natural enemies within 85 urban gardens in Zurich (Switzerland) to identify factors associated with the diversity and dissimilarity of antagonistic interactions in these communities. The proportions of built-up area and urban green area at small landscape scales (50 m radius), as well as the management intensity, sun exposure, plant richness and proportion of agricultural land at the landscape scale (250 m radius), were key drivers of interaction diversity. This increased interaction diversity resulted not only from the higher richness of host and natural enemy species, but also from species participating in more interactions. Furthermore, dissimilarity in community structure and interactions across gardens (beta-diversity) were primarily influenced by differences in built-up areas and urban green areas at the landscape scale, as well as by management intensity. Our study offers crucial insights for urban planning and conservation strategies, supporting sustainability goals by helping to understand the factors that shape insect communities and their trophic interactions in urban gardens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Martínez-Núñez
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Estación Biológica de Doñana EBD (CSIC), Calle Avenida Américo Vespucio, 26 , Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Joan Casanelles Abella
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology EAWAG, Ueberlandstrasse 133 , Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Urban Productive Ecosystems, TUM School of Life Sciences, Hans Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2 , Feising 85354, Germany
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111 , Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland
| | - David Frey
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111 , Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Zanetta
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111 , Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland
| | - Marco Moretti
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111 , Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland
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5
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Darvishi A, Yousefi M, Schirrmann M, Ewert F. Exploring biodiversity patterns at the landscape scale by linking landscape energy and land use/land cover heterogeneity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 916:170163. [PMID: 38242455 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Agricultural Biodiversity dynamics has been evaluated by social metabolism or by landscape structure-function analysis. In this study, by using ELIA modeling, we used both methods in combination to understand how the interplay between social metabolism and landscape structure-function can affect biodiversity pattern distribution. We used energy reinvestment (E) as an indicator of social metabolism and landscape heterogeneity (Le) as an indicator of landscape structure-function. We propose a research hypothesis to analyze biodiversity patterns considering four different clusters identified based on high or low E or Le. As cluster 1, we defined E as high and Le as low and associated natural ecosystems to it. These ecosystems are expected to contain high species abundance but low richness. As cluster 2, both E and Le were defined as high and semi-natural ecosystems were associated to it, where nature friendly farm system developed. In these ecosystems, high species abundance and richness are expected. Cluster 3 with low E and Le was associated intensive farmland, which is due to the simplification of the landscape. Here, low energy reinvestment and landscape heterogeneity confirm that ecosystem services related to biodiversity have been drastically reduced. Lastly, cluster 4 with low E but high Le refers to intensive mosaics of farmland and pasture. In this cluster, the biodiversity richness index is high due to spatial landscape diversity, but the biodiversity abundance index is low due to the lack of energy reinvestment. We evaluate the proposed hypothesis for biodiversity analysis in the Qazvin province, emphasizing the interplay between energy availability and landscape heterogeneity in shaping ecological communities. This study highlights the importance of understanding biodiversity patterns at spatial scale and emphasizes the need for interdisciplinary research to address conservation and sustainability challenges. Our approach would be very useful where there is lack of biodiversity data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asef Darvishi
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Potsdam-Bornim, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Maryam Yousefi
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Michael Schirrmann
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Potsdam-Bornim, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Frank Ewert
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany; Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Germany
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6
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Sanders D, Hirt MR, Brose U, Evans DM, Gaston KJ, Gauzens B, Ryser R. How artificial light at night may rewire ecological networks: concepts and models. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220368. [PMID: 37899020 PMCID: PMC10613535 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial light at night (ALAN) is eroding natural light cycles and thereby changing species distributions and activity patterns. Yet little is known about how ecological interaction networks respond to this global change driver. Here, we assess the scientific basis of the current understanding of community-wide ALAN impacts. Based on current knowledge, we conceptualize and review four major pathways by which ALAN may affect ecological interaction networks by (i) impacting primary production, (ii) acting as an environmental filter affecting species survival, (iii) driving the movement and distribution of species, and (iv) changing functional roles and niches by affecting activity patterns. Using an allometric-trophic network model, we then test how a shift in temporal activity patterns for diurnal, nocturnal and crepuscular species impacts food web stability. The results indicate that diel niche shifts can severely impact community persistence by altering the temporal overlap between species, which leads to changes in interaction strengths and rewiring of networks. ALAN can thereby lead to biodiversity loss through the homogenization of temporal niches. This integrative framework aims to advance a predictive understanding of community-level and ecological-network consequences of ALAN and their cascading effects on ecosystem functioning. This article is part of the theme issue 'Light pollution in complex ecological systems'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Sanders
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Myriam R. Hirt
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07737 Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich Brose
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07737 Jena, Germany
| | - Darren M. Evans
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Kevin J. Gaston
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Benoit Gauzens
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07737 Jena, Germany
| | - Remo Ryser
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07737 Jena, Germany
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7
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van Velzen E. High importance of indirect evolutionary rescue in a small food web. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:2110-2121. [PMID: 37807971 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Evolutionary rescue may allow species to survive environmental change, but how this mechanism operates in food webs is poorly understood. Here, the evolutionary rescue was investigated in a small model food web, systematically allowing the evolution of each single species in order to reveal how its adaptation affects the persistence of itself and others. The impact of evolution was highly species-specific and not necessarily positive: only one species, the specialist predator, consistently had a positive impact on overall persistence. Most strikingly, evolution overwhelmingly affected other species: rescue of others (indirect rescue) was far more frequent than self-rescue, and negative effects were nearly always indirect. This demonstrates that evolutionary rescue in food webs is inextricably bound up with species interactions, as the effects of evolution in one species ripple through the entire community. It is therefore critically important to consider the food web context in efforts to understand how species may survive global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen van Velzen
- Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Modelling, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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8
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Terlau JF, Brose U, Boy T, Pawar S, Pinsky M, Hirt MR. Predicting movement speed of beetles from body size and temperature. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2023; 11:27. [PMID: 37194049 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-023-00389-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Movement facilitates and alters species interactions, the resulting food web structures, species distribution patterns, community structures and survival of populations and communities. In the light of global change, it is crucial to gain a general understanding of how movement depends on traits and environmental conditions. Although insects and notably Coleoptera represent the largest and a functionally important taxonomic group, we still know little about their general movement capacities and how they respond to warming. Here, we measured the exploratory speed of 125 individuals of eight carabid beetle species across different temperatures and body masses using automated image-based tracking. The resulting data revealed a power-law scaling relationship of average movement speed with body mass. By additionally fitting a thermal performance curve to the data, we accounted for the unimodal temperature response of movement speed. Thereby, we yielded a general allometric and thermodynamic equation to predict exploratory speed from temperature and body mass. This equation predicting temperature-dependent movement speed can be incorporated into modeling approaches to predict trophic interactions or spatial movement patterns. Overall, these findings will help improve our understanding of how temperature effects on movement cascade from small to large spatial scales as well as from individual to population fitness and survival across communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jördis F Terlau
- EcoNetLab, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Brose
- EcoNetLab, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Boy
- EcoNetLab, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Samraat Pawar
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, UK
| | - Malin Pinsky
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Myriam R Hirt
- EcoNetLab, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
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9
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Ye X, Wang S. Maintenance of biodiversity in multitrophic metacommunities: Dispersal mode matters. J Anim Ecol 2023. [PMID: 37128152 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Although metacommunity models generally formulate dispersal as a random, passive process, mounting evidence suggests that dispersal can be an active process depending on species fitness over the landscape, particularly in multitrophic communities. How different dispersal modes (i.e. from random to increasingly fitness-dependent dispersal) modulate the effect of dispersal on biodiversity remains unclear. Here, we used a metacommunity model of food webs to investigate the effects of dispersal and habitat heterogeneity on biodiversity and how these effects may be dependent on dispersal mode. Our results showed that compared to isolated systems, random dispersal increased local food web diversity ( α $$ \upalpha $$ diversity) but decreased across-community dissimilarity ( β $$ \upbeta $$ diversity) and regional food web diversity ( γ $$ \upgamma $$ diversity), consistent with findings from competitive metacommunity models. However, fitness-dependency could alter the effects of dispersal on biodiversity. Both β $$ \upbeta $$ and γ $$ \upgamma $$ diversity increased with the strength of fitness-dependency of dispersal, while α $$ \upalpha $$ diversity peaked at intermediate fitness-dependency. Notably, strong fitness-dependent dispersal maintained levels of β $$ \upbeta $$ and γ $$ \upgamma $$ diversity similar to those observed in isolated systems. Thus, random dispersal and isolation (i.e. no dispersal) can be considered as two extremes along the continuum of fitness-dependent dispersal, in terms of their effects on biodiversity. Moreover, both biodiversity-habitat heterogeneity and biodiversity-habitat connectivity relationships depended on the dispersal mode. Strikingly, under random dispersal, γ $$ \upgamma $$ diversity decreased with habitat heterogeneity and connectivity, but under strong fitness-dependent dispersal, it increased with habitat heterogeneity and remained unchanged as habitat connectivity increased. Our study highlights the context dependence of dispersal effects on biodiversity in heterogeneous landscapes. Our findings have useful implications for biodiversity conservation and landscape management, where management strategies should account for different modes of dispersal across taxa, thus different responses of biodiversity to habitat heterogeneity and connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhou Ye
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Science, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Cluster of Excellence-CMFI, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Science, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Borthagaray AI, Cunillera-Montcusí D, Bou J, Tornero I, Boix D, Anton-Pardo M, Ortiz E, Mehner T, Quintana XD, Gascón S, Arim M. Heterogeneity in the isolation of patches may be essential for the action of metacommunity mechanisms. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2023.1125607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The spatial isolation gradient of communities and the gradient in the species dispersal ability are recognized as determinants of biodiversity in metacommunities. In spite of this, mean field models, spatially explicit models, and experiments were mainly focused on idealized spatial arrangements of communities leaving aside the combining role of dispersal and isolation gradients in metacommunity processes. Consequently, we have an incipient understanding of the role of the real spatial arrangement of communities on biodiversity patterns. We focus on six metacommunities for which confident information about the spatial arrangement of water bodies is available. Using coalescent metacommunity models and null models that randomize the location of water bodies, we estimated the potential effect of the landscape on biodiversity and its dependence on species dispersal ability. At extremely low or high dispersal abilities, the location of ponds does not influence diversity because different communities are equally affected by the low or high incoming dispersal. At intermediate dispersal abilities, peripheral communities present a much lower richness and higher beta diversity than central communities. Moreover, metacommunities from real landscapes host more biodiversity than randomized landscapes, a result that is determined by the heterogeneity in the geographic isolation of communities. In a dispersal gradient, mass effects systematically increase the local richness and decrease beta diversity. However, the spatial arrangement of patches only has a large importance in metacommunity processes at intermediate dispersal abilities, which ensures access to central locations but limits dispersal in isolated communities. The ongoing reduction in spatial extent and simplification of the landscape may consequently undermine the metacommunity processes that support biodiversity, something that should be explicitly considered in preserving and restoring strategies.
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11
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Butti M, Pacca L, Santos P, Alonso AC, Buss G, Ludwig G, Jerusalinsky L, Martins AB. Habitat loss estimation for assessing terrestrial mammalian species extinction risk: an open data framework. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14289. [PMID: 36530404 PMCID: PMC9753759 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Terrestrial mammals face a severe crisis of habitat loss worldwide. Therefore, assessing information on habitat loss throughout different time periods is crucial for assessing species' conservation statuses based on the IUCN Red List system. To support the national extinction risk assessment in Brazil (2016-2022), we developed a script that uses the MapBiomas Project 6.0 data source of land cover and land use (annual maps at 30 m scale) within the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform to calculate habitat loss. We defined suitable habitats from the MapBiomas Project land cover classification for 190 mammalian taxa, according to each species range map and ecological characteristics. We considered a period of three generation lengths to assess habitat loss in accordance with the Red List assessment criteria. We used the script to estimate changes in available habitat throughout the analyzed period within the species' known ranges. The results indicated that habitat loss occurred within 94.3% of the analyzed taxa range, with the Carnivora order suffering the greatest habitat loss, followed by the Cingulata order. These analyses may be decisive for applying criteria, defining categories during the assessment of at least 17 species (9%), enriching discussions, and raising new questions for several other species. We considered the outcome of estimating habitat loss for various taxa when applying criterion A, which refers to population reduction, thus supporting more accurate inferences about past population declines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariella Butti
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Mamíferos Carnívoros/CENAP, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade/ICMBio, Atibaia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana Pacca
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Primatas Brasileiros/CPB, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade/ICMBio, Cabedelo, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Paloma Santos
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Primatas Brasileiros/CPB, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade/ICMBio, Cabedelo, Paraiba, Brazil,Instituto Nacional da Mata Atlântica/INMA, Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo, Brazil,Instituto de Pesquisa e Conservação de Tamanduás no Brasil, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - André C. Alonso
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Primatas Brasileiros/CPB, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade/ICMBio, Cabedelo, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Gerson Buss
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Primatas Brasileiros/CPB, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade/ICMBio, Cabedelo, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Ludwig
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Primatas Brasileiros/CPB, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade/ICMBio, Cabedelo, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Leandro Jerusalinsky
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Primatas Brasileiros/CPB, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade/ICMBio, Cabedelo, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Amely B. Martins
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Primatas Brasileiros/CPB, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade/ICMBio, Cabedelo, Paraiba, Brazil
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12
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de Kemmeter JF, Carletti T, Asllani M. Self-segregation in heterogeneous metapopulation landscapes. J Theor Biol 2022; 554:111271. [PMID: 36075456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2022.111271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Complex interactions are at the root of the population dynamics of many natural systems, particularly for being responsible for the allocation of species and individuals across apposite niches of the ecological landscapes. On the other side, the randomness that unavoidably characterises complex systems has increasingly challenged the niche paradigm providing alternative neutral theoretical models. We introduce a network-inspired metapopulation individual-based model (IBM), hereby named self-segregation, where the density of individuals in the hosting patches (local habitats) drives the individuals spatial assembling while still constrained by nodes' saturation. In particular, we prove that the core-periphery structure of the networked landscape triggers the spontaneous emergence of vacant habitat patches, which segregate the population in multistable patterns of isolated (sub)communities separated by empty patches. Furthermore, a quantisation effect in the number of vacant patches is observed once the total system mass varies continuously, emphasising thus a striking feature of the robustness of population stationary distributions. Notably, our model reproduces the patch vacancy found in the fragmented habitat of the Glanville fritillary butterfly Melitaea cinxia, an endemic species of the Åland islands. We argue that such spontaneous breaking of the natural habitat supports the concept of the highly contentious (Grinnellian) niche vacancy and also suggests a new mechanism for the endogeneous habitat fragmentation and consequently the peripatric speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François de Kemmeter
- naXys, Namur Institute for Complex Systems, & Department of Mathematics, University of Namur, rue Grafé, 2 B5000, Belgium.
| | - Timoteo Carletti
- naXys, Namur Institute for Complex Systems, & Department of Mathematics, University of Namur, rue Grafé, 2 B5000, Belgium
| | - Malbor Asllani
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; Department of Mathematics, Florida State University, 1017 Academic Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States of America
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13
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Blanchard G, Munoz F. Revisiting extinction debt through the lens of multitrophic networks and meta‐ecosystems. OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.09435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire Blanchard
- AMAP, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD Montpellier France
- AMAP, IRD, Herbier de Nouvelle Calédonie Nouméa Nouvelle Calédonie
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14
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Abernethy GM. Perturbation responses in co‐evolved model meta‐communities. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9534. [DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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15
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Gawecka KA, Pedraza F, Bascompte J. Effects of habitat destruction on coevolving metacommunities. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:2597-2610. [PMID: 36223432 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Habitat destruction is a growing threat to biodiversity and ecosystem services. The ecological consequences of habitat loss and fragmentation involve reductions in species abundance and even the extinction of species and their interactions. However, we do not yet understand how habitat loss alters the coevolutionary trajectories of the remaining species or how coevolution, in turn, affects their response to habitat loss. To investigate this, we develop a spatially explicit model which couples metacommunity and coevolutionary dynamics. We show that, by changing the size, composition and structure of local networks, habitat destruction increases the diversity of coevolutionary trajectories of mutualists across the landscape. Conversely, in antagonistic communities, some species increase while others reduce their spatial trait heterogeneity. Furthermore, we show that while coevolution dampens the negative effects of habitat destruction in mutualistic networks, its effects on the persistence of antagonistic communities tend to be smaller and less predictable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klementyna A Gawecka
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fernando Pedraza
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jordi Bascompte
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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16
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Cirtwill AR, Wootton KL. Stable motifs delay species loss in simulated food webs. OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.09436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa R. Cirtwill
- Spatial Foodweb Ecology Group, Research Centre for Ecological Change, Organismal and Evolutionary, Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Kate L. Wootton
- Biofrontiers Inst., Univ. of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO USA
- Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
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17
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Saade C, Kéfi S, Gougat-Barbera C, Rosenbaum B, Fronhofer EA. Spatial autocorrelation of local patch extinctions drives recovery dynamics in metacommunities. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20220543. [PMID: 35414238 PMCID: PMC9006024 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.0543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human activities put ecosystems under increasing pressure, often resulting in local extinctions. However, it is unclear how local extinctions affect regional processes, such as the distribution of diversity in space, especially if extinctions show spatial patterns, such as being clustered. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate extinctions and their consequences in a spatially explicit framework. Using highly controlled microcosm experiments and theoretical models, we ask here how the number and spatial autocorrelation of extinctions interactively affect metacommunity dynamics. We found that local patch extinctions increased local diversity (α-diversity) and inter-patch diversity (β-diversity) by delaying the exclusion of inferior competitors. Importantly, recolonization dynamics depended more strongly on the spatial distribution than on the number of patch extinctions: clustered local patch extinctions resulted in slower recovery, lower α-diversity and higher β-diversity. Our results highlight that the spatial distribution of perturbations should be taken into account when studying and managing spatially structured communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Saade
- ISEM, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | - Sonia Kéfi
- ISEM, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France.,Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA
| | | | - Benjamin Rosenbaum
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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18
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Bauer B, Berti E, Ryser R, Gauzens B, Hirt MR, Rosenbaum B, Digel C, Ott D, Scheu S, Brose U. Biotic filtering by species' interactions constrains food-web variability across spatial and abiotic gradients. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:1225-1236. [PMID: 35286010 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Despite intensive research on species dissimilarity patterns across communities (i.e. β-diversity), we still know little about their implications for variation in food-web structures. Our analyses of 50 lake and 48 forest soil communities show that, while species dissimilarity depends on environmental and spatial gradients, these effects are only weakly propagated to the networks. Moreover, our results show that species and food-web dissimilarities are consistently correlated, but that much of the variation in food-web structure across spatial, environmental, and species gradients remains unexplained. Novel food-web assembly models demonstrate the importance of biotic filtering during community assembly by (1) the availability of resources and (2) limiting similarity in species' interactions to avoid strong niche overlap and thus competitive exclusion. This reveals a strong signature of biotic filtering processes during local community assembly, which constrains the variability in structural food-web patterns across local communities despite substantial turnover in species composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bauer
- Institute of Ecology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Zoological Institute and Museum & Institute for Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Emilio Berti
- Institute of Ecology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Remo Ryser
- Institute of Ecology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Benoit Gauzens
- Institute of Ecology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Myriam R Hirt
- Institute of Ecology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Benjamin Rosenbaum
- Institute of Ecology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - David Ott
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Centre for Biodiversity Monitoring, Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Scheu
- JFB Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Brose
- Institute of Ecology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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19
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Steiner CF, Asgari M. Habitat isolation reduces intra- and interspecific biodiversity and stability. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:211309. [PMID: 35223055 PMCID: PMC8847885 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fragmentation is predicted to reduce biodiversity and stability by increasing habitat isolation and impeding dispersal among patches. These effects may manifest at both the interspecific and intraspecific levels, yet few studies have simultaneously explored dispersal effects across levels of organization. We used field mesocosm experiments to examine how habitat isolation (in the form of dispersal rate) alters inter- and intraspecific stability and diversity in local zooplankton communities. We observed effects of increasing dispersal rate at both the intra- and interspecific levels. Increasing dispersal increased local species diversity and reduced mean temporal variability of populations. At the intraspecific level, Daphnia pulex clonal diversity was enhanced by dispersal and mean temporal variability of clone abundances through time was reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher F. Steiner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, 5047 Gullen Mall, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Mitra Asgari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, 5047 Gullen Mall, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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20
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Alvarez‐Estape M, Fontsere C, Serres‐Armero A, Kuderna LF, Dobrynin P, Guidara H, Pukazhenthi BS, Koepfli K, Marques‐Bonet T, Moreno E, Lizano E. Insights from the rescue and breeding management of Cuvier’s gazelle (
Gazella cuvieri
) through whole genome sequencing. Evol Appl 2021; 15:351-364. [PMID: 35386395 PMCID: PMC8965372 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Alvarez‐Estape
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology UPF‐CSIC PRBB, Dr. Aiguader 88 08003 Barcelona Spain
| | - Claudia Fontsere
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology UPF‐CSIC PRBB, Dr. Aiguader 88 08003 Barcelona Spain
| | - Aitor Serres‐Armero
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology UPF‐CSIC PRBB, Dr. Aiguader 88 08003 Barcelona Spain
| | - Lukas F.K. Kuderna
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology UPF‐CSIC PRBB, Dr. Aiguader 88 08003 Barcelona Spain
| | - Pavel Dobrynin
- ITMO University Computer Technologies Laboratory St. Petersburg Russian Federation
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute Center for Species Survival National Zoological Park Front Royal, VA and Washington DC USA
| | - Héla Guidara
- Direction Générale des Forêts 30 rue Alain Savary 1002 Tunis Tunisia
| | - Budhan S. Pukazhenthi
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute Center for Species Survival National Zoological Park Front Royal, VA and Washington DC USA
| | - Klaus‐Peter Koepfli
- ITMO University Computer Technologies Laboratory St. Petersburg Russian Federation
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute Center for Species Survival National Zoological Park Front Royal, VA and Washington DC USA
- Smithsonian‐Mason School of Conservation Front Royal VA USA
| | - Tomas Marques‐Bonet
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology UPF‐CSIC PRBB, Dr. Aiguader 88 08003 Barcelona Spain
- CNAG‐CRG Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Baldiri I Reixac 408028 Barcelona Spain
- Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) Edifici ICTA‐ICP, c/ Columnes s/n Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193 Barcelona Spain
- Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) Passeig de Lluís Companys 23 08010 Barcelona Spain
| | - Eulalia Moreno
- Dept Ecología Funcional y Evolutiva Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas‐CSIC E‐04120 La Cañada de San Urbano Almería Spain
| | - Esther Lizano
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology UPF‐CSIC PRBB, Dr. Aiguader 88 08003 Barcelona Spain
- Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) Edifici ICTA‐ICP, c/ Columnes s/n Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193 Barcelona Spain
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21
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Wojcik LA, Ceulemans R, Gaedke U. Functional diversity buffers the effects of a pulse perturbation on the dynamics of tritrophic food webs. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:15639-15663. [PMID: 34824780 PMCID: PMC8601937 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodiversity decline causes a loss of functional diversity, which threatens ecosystems through a dangerous feedback loop: This loss may hamper ecosystems' ability to buffer environmental changes, leading to further biodiversity losses. In this context, the increasing frequency of human-induced excessive loading of nutrients causes major problems in aquatic systems. Previous studies investigating how functional diversity influences the response of food webs to disturbances have mainly considered systems with at most two functionally diverse trophic levels. We investigated the effects of functional diversity on the robustness, that is, resistance, resilience, and elasticity, using a tritrophic-and thus more realistic-plankton food web model. We compared a non-adaptive food chain with no diversity within the individual trophic levels to a more diverse food web with three adaptive trophic levels. The species fitness differences were balanced through trade-offs between defense/growth rate for prey and selectivity/half-saturation constant for predators. We showed that the resistance, resilience, and elasticity of tritrophic food webs decreased with larger perturbation sizes and depended on the state of the system when the perturbation occurred. Importantly, we found that a more diverse food web was generally more resistant and resilient but its elasticity was context-dependent. Particularly, functional diversity reduced the probability of a regime shift toward a non-desirable alternative state. The basal-intermediate interaction consistently determined the robustness against a nutrient pulse despite the complex influence of the shape and type of the dynamical attractors. This relationship was strongly influenced by the diversity present and the third trophic level. Overall, using a food web model of realistic complexity, this study confirms the destructive potential of the positive feedback loop between biodiversity loss and robustness, by uncovering mechanisms leading to a decrease in resistance, resilience, and potentially elasticity as functional diversity declines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Anne Wojcik
- Ecology and Ecosystem Modelling GroupUniversity of PotsdamPotsdamGermany
| | - Ruben Ceulemans
- Ecology and Ecosystem Modelling GroupUniversity of PotsdamPotsdamGermany
| | - Ursula Gaedke
- Ecology and Ecosystem Modelling GroupUniversity of PotsdamPotsdamGermany
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22
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Abstract
Understanding the persistence of populations in fragmented landscapes is critical for predicting the consequences of habitat destruction, yet analytical tools are largely lacking. Metapopulation capacity provides one such tool, because it summarizes the influences of habitat area and distribution on population persistence in a single metric. However, surprisingly few efforts have extended this theory to multispecies communities. Our analyses demonstrate the power of metapopulation capacity theory in predicting the persistence of prey–predator pairs and food chains in heterogeneous, fragmented landscapes. Such analytic insights serve as a benchmark to predict the consequences of habitat changes. Our findings thus have broad implications for both ecological research and conservation practices. Metapopulation capacity provides an analytic tool to quantify the impact of landscape configuration on metapopulation persistence, which has proven powerful in biological conservation. Yet surprisingly few efforts have been made to apply this approach to multispecies systems. Here, we extend metapopulation capacity theory to predict the persistence of trophically interacting species. Our results demonstrate that metapopulation capacity could be used to predict the persistence of trophic systems such as prey–predator pairs and food chains in fragmented landscapes. In particular, we derive explicit predictions for food chain length as a function of metapopulation capacity, top-down control, and population dynamical parameters. Under certain assumptions, we show that the fraction of empty patches for the basal species provides a useful indicator to predict the length of food chains that a fragmented landscape can support and confirm this prediction for a host–parasitoid interaction. We further show that the impact of habitat changes on biodiversity can be predicted from changes in metapopulation capacity or approximately by changes in the fraction of empty patches. Our study provides an important step toward a spatially explicit theory of trophic metacommunities and a useful tool for predicting their responses to habitat changes.
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23
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Ryser R, Hirt MR, Häussler J, Gravel D, Brose U. Landscape heterogeneity buffers biodiversity of simulated meta-food-webs under global change through rescue and drainage effects. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4716. [PMID: 34354058 PMCID: PMC8342463 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24877-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Habitat fragmentation and eutrophication have strong impacts on biodiversity. Metacommunity research demonstrated that reduction in landscape connectivity may cause biodiversity loss in fragmented landscapes. Food-web research addressed how eutrophication can cause local biodiversity declines. However, there is very limited understanding of their cumulative impacts as they could amplify or cancel each other. Our simulations of meta-food-webs show that dispersal and trophic processes interact through two complementary mechanisms. First, the 'rescue effect' maintains local biodiversity by rapid recolonization after a local crash in population densities. Second, the 'drainage effect' stabilizes biodiversity by preventing overshooting of population densities on eutrophic patches. In complex food webs on large spatial networks of habitat patches, these effects yield systematically higher biodiversity in heterogeneous than in homogeneous landscapes. Our meta-food-web approach reveals a strong interaction between habitat fragmentation and eutrophication and provides a mechanistic explanation of how landscape heterogeneity promotes biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remo Ryser
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Myriam R Hirt
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Johanna Häussler
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Dominique Gravel
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Ulrich Brose
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.
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24
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He P, Montiglio PO, Somveille M, Cantor M, Farine DR. The role of habitat configuration in shaping animal population processes: a framework to generate quantitative predictions. Oecologia 2021; 196:649-665. [PMID: 34159423 PMCID: PMC8292241 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-04967-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
By shaping where individuals move, habitat configuration can fundamentally structure animal populations. Yet, we currently lack a framework for generating quantitative predictions about the role of habitat configuration in modulating population outcomes. To address this gap, we propose a modelling framework inspired by studies using networks to characterize habitat connectivity. We first define animal habitat networks, explain how they can integrate information about the different configurational features of animal habitats, and highlight the need for a bottom–up generative model that can depict realistic variations in habitat potential connectivity. Second, we describe a model for simulating animal habitat networks (available in the R package AnimalHabitatNetwork), and demonstrate its ability to generate alternative habitat configurations based on empirical data, which forms the basis for exploring the consequences of alternative habitat structures. Finally, we lay out three key research questions and demonstrate how our framework can address them. By simulating the spread of a pathogen within a population, we show how transmission properties can be impacted by both local potential connectivity and landscape-level characteristics of habitats. Our study highlights the importance of considering the underlying habitat configuration in studies linking social structure with population-level outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng He
- Department of Collective Behavior, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany. .,Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany. .,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany. .,Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | | | - Marius Somveille
- Birdlife International, The David Attenborough Building, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Mauricio Cantor
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany.,Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Damien R Farine
- Department of Collective Behavior, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany.,Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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25
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Häussler J, Ryser R, Brose U. Invasive spread in meta‐food‐webs depends on landscape structure, fertilization and species characteristics. OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Häussler
- Theoretical Biology, IFM, Linköping Univ. Linköping Sweden
- EcoNetLab, Theory in Biodiversity Science German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Remo Ryser
- EcoNetLab, Theory in Biodiversity Science German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Inst. of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller Univ. Jena Jena Germany
| | - Ulrich Brose
- EcoNetLab, Theory in Biodiversity Science German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Inst. of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller Univ. Jena Jena Germany
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26
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Miller KE, Aguilera G, Bommarco R, Roslin T. Land-use intensity affects the potential for apparent competition within and between habitats. J Anim Ecol 2021; 90:1891-1905. [PMID: 33901299 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Arthropod communities dwelling in adjacent habitats are able to impact one another via shared natural enemies. In agricultural landscapes, drastic differences in resource availability between crop and non-crop habitats cause variation in insect herbivore densities over short distances, potentially driving inter-habitat effects. Moreover, the composition of the landscape in which the habitats are embedded likely affects realised attack rates from natural enemies via impacts on local arthropod community structure. Here, we examine indirect effects between herbivore species within and between habitat types by calculating the potential for apparent competition between multiple populations. Firstly, we aim to determine how disparities in resource availability impact the strength of the potential for apparent competition occurring between habitats, secondly to examine the impact of landscape composition upon these effects, and finally to couch these observations in reality by investigating the link between the potential for apparent competition and realised attack rates. We used DNA metabarcoding to characterise host-parasitoid interactions within two habitat types (with divergent nutrient inputs) at 11 locations with variable landscape composition within an agroecosystem context. We then used these interaction networks to estimate the potential for apparent competition between each host pair and to compare expected versus realised attack rates across the system. Shared natural enemies were found to structure host herbivore communities within and across habitat boundaries. The size of this effect was related to the resource availability of habitats, such that the habitat with high nutrient input exerted a stronger effect. The overall potential for apparent competition declined with increasing land-use intensity in the surrounding landscape and exhibited a discernible impact on realised attack rates upon herbivore species. Thus, our results suggest that increasing the proportion of perennial habitat in agroecosystems could increase the prevalence of indirect effects such as apparent competition among insect herbivore communities, potentially leading to enhanced population regulation via increased attack rates from natural enemies like parasitoid wasps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten E Miller
- Department of Ecology, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.,School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Guillermo Aguilera
- Department of Ecology, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Riccardo Bommarco
- Department of Ecology, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tomas Roslin
- Department of Ecology, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.,University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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27
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Patch isolation and periodic environmental disturbances have idiosyncratic effects on local and regional population variabilities in meta-food chains. THEOR ECOL-NETH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12080-021-00510-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWhile habitat loss is a known key driver of biodiversity decline, the impact of other landscape properties, such as patch isolation, is far less clear. When patch isolation is low, species may benefit from a broader range of foraging opportunities, but are at the same time adversely affected by higher predation pressure from mobile predators. Although previous approaches have successfully linked such effects to biodiversity, their impact on local and metapopulation dynamics has largely been ignored. Since population dynamics may also be affected by environmental disturbances that temporally change the degree of patch isolation, such as periodic changes in habitat availability, accurate assessment of its link with isolation is highly challenging. To analyze the effect of patch isolation on the population dynamics on different spatial scales, we simulate a three-species meta-food chain on complex networks of habitat patches and assess the average variability of local populations and metapopulations, as well as the level of synchronization among patches. To evaluate the impact of periodic environmental disturbances, we contrast simulations of static landscapes with simulations of dynamic landscapes in which 30 percent of the patches periodically become unavailable as habitat. We find that increasing mean patch isolation often leads to more asynchronous population dynamics, depending on the parameterization of the food chain. However, local population variability also increases due to indirect effects of increased dispersal mortality at high mean patch isolation, consequently destabilizing metapopulation dynamics and increasing extinction risk. In dynamic landscapes, periodic changes of patch availability on a timescale much slower than ecological interactions often fully synchronize the dynamics. Further, these changes not only increase the variability of local populations and metapopulations, but also mostly overrule the effects of mean patch isolation. This may explain the often small and inconclusive impact of mean patch isolation in natural ecosystems.
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28
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Spatial Analysis of the Drivers, Characteristics, and Effects of Forest Fragmentation. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13063246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Building on the existing literature, this study examines whether specific drivers of forest fragmentation cause particular fragmentation characteristics, and how these characteristics can be linked to their effects on forest-dwelling species. This research uses Landsat remote imaging to examine the changing patterns of forests. It focuses on areas which have undergone a high level of a specific fragmentation driver, in particular either agricultural expansion or commodity-driven deforestation. Seven municipalities in the states of Rondônia and Mato Grosso in Brazil are selected as case study areas, as these states experienced a high level of commodity-driven deforestation and agricultural expansion respectively. Land cover maps of each municipality are created using the Geographical Information System software ArcGIS Spatial Analyst extension. The resulting categorical maps are input into Fragstats fragmentation software to calculate quantifiable fragmentation metrics for each municipality. To determine the effects that these characteristics are likely to cause, this study uses a literature review to determine how species traits affect their responses to forest fragmentation. Results indicate that, in areas that underwent agricultural expansion, the remaining forest patches became more complex in shape with longer edges and lost a large amount of core area. This negatively affects species which are either highly dispersive or specialist to core forest habitat. In areas that underwent commodity-driven deforestation, it was more likely that forest patches would become less aggregated and create disjunct core areas. This negatively affects smaller, sedentary animals which do not naturally travel long distances. This study is significant in that it links individual fragmentation drivers to their landscape characteristics, and in turn uses these to predict effects on species with particular traits. This information will prove useful for forest managers, particularly in the case study municipalities examined in this study, in deciding which species require further protection measures. The methodology could be applied to other drivers of forest fragmentation such as forest fires.
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29
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Gawecka KA, Bascompte J. Habitat restoration in spatially explicit metacommunity models. J Anim Ecol 2021; 90:1239-1251. [PMID: 33630316 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In a time of rapid habitat destruction threatening the existence of many species, restoration of degraded habitats plays a crucial role in hampering biodiversity decline and recovering ecosystem services. The goal of this study is to advance the understanding of the consequences of habitat restoration on metacommunities, which is of upmost importance for designing successful restoration projects. We approach habitat restoration from a theoretical perspective by analysing spatially explicit metacommunity models which have previously been essential to understanding the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation. We investigate the efficiency of various restoration strategies on metacommunities involving interactions ranging from pairwise competition, predation and mutualism to more complex three-trophic modules. Our novel approach for measuring the restoration efficiency enables direct comparison of the responses of species in different metacommunities. We show that species recovery is affected by the amount of habitat destroyed, and the restoration strategy. When habitat is restored by randomly selecting destroyed sites, species recovery becomes less efficient and more uncertain with increasing amount of previously destroyed habitat. However, when the destroyed sites are restored in clusters, minimising the effects of fragmentation, species recovery and the certainty of success are substantially improved. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the community structure and the types of interactions involved determine the most efficient restoration approach. Our findings highlight the importance of carefully planning the restoration process, especially in landscapes where a large proportion of habitat has been destroyed, and with species at the brink of extinction. Our results may be used as guidelines for designing habitat restoration projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klementyna A Gawecka
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jordi Bascompte
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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30
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Larsen S, Comte L, Filipa Filipe A, Fortin MJ, Jacquet C, Ryser R, Tedesco PA, Brose U, Erős T, Giam X, Irving K, Ruhi A, Sharma S, Olden JD. The geography of metapopulation synchrony in dendritic river networks. Ecol Lett 2021; 24:791-801. [PMID: 33619868 PMCID: PMC8049041 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic habitats, such as river ecosystems, promote the persistence of species by favouring spatial asynchronous dynamics among branches. Yet, our understanding of how network topology influences metapopulation synchrony in these ecosystems remains limited. Here, we introduce the concept of fluvial synchrogram to formulate and test expectations regarding the geography of metapopulation synchrony across watersheds. By combining theoretical simulations and an extensive fish population time‐series dataset across Europe, we provide evidence that fish metapopulations can be buffered against synchronous dynamics as a direct consequence of network connectivity and branching complexity. Synchrony was higher between populations connected by direct water flow and decayed faster with distance over the Euclidean than the watercourse dimension. Likewise, synchrony decayed faster with distance in headwater than mainstem populations of the same basin. As network topology and flow directionality generate fundamental spatial patterns of synchrony in fish metapopulations, empirical synchrograms can aid knowledge advancement and inform conservation strategies in complex habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Larsen
- Unit of Computational Biology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, 38010, Italy.,Department of Civil Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Lise Comte
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA.,School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790, USA
| | - Ana Filipa Filipe
- CIBIO/InBio, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal.,Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marie-Josée Fortin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Claire Jacquet
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Eawag, Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Complex Systems Lab, INRAE - Centre Clermont-Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, 9 avenue Blaise Pascal, Aubière,, 63170, France.,Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Remo Ryser
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.,Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Pablo A Tedesco
- UMR EDB, CNRS 5174, UPS, Université Paul Sabatier, IRD 253, Toulouse, France
| | - Ulrich Brose
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.,Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Tibor Erős
- MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Balaton Limnological Institute, Klebelsberg K. u. 3, Tihany, 8237, Hungary
| | - Xingli Giam
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790, USA
| | - Katie Irving
- Biology Department, Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, CA, 92626, USA.,Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Albert Ruhi
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Sapna Sharma
- Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Julian D Olden
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
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31
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Gross T, Allhoff KT, Blasius B, Brose U, Drossel B, Fahimipour AK, Guill C, Yeakel JD, Zeng F. Modern models of trophic meta-communities. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190455. [PMID: 33131442 PMCID: PMC7662193 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dispersal and foodweb dynamics have long been studied in separate models. However, over the past decades, it has become abundantly clear that there are intricate interactions between local dynamics and spatial patterns. Trophic meta-communities, i.e. meta-foodwebs, are very complex systems that exhibit complex and often counterintuitive dynamics. Over the past decade, a broad range of modelling approaches have been used to study these systems. In this paper, we review these approaches and the insights that they have revealed. We focus particularly on recent papers that study trophic interactions in spatially extensive settings and highlight the common themes that emerged in different models. There is overwhelming evidence that dispersal (and particularly intermediate levels of dispersal) benefits the maintenance of biodiversity in several different ways. Moreover, some insights have been gained into the effect of different habitat topologies, but these results also show that the exact relationships are much more complex than previously thought, highlighting the need for further research in this area. This article is part of the theme issue 'Integrative research perspectives on marine conservation'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilo Gross
- University of California Davis, Department of Computer Science, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Alfred Wegener Institut. Helmholtz Zentrum für Polar und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
- Univeristät Oldenburg, Institut für Chemie und Biologie des Meeres, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Bidiversity, Ammerländer Heerstrasse 231, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Korinna T. Allhoff
- Universität Tübingen, Department of Biology, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Blasius
- Alfred Wegener Institut. Helmholtz Zentrum für Polar und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
- Univeristät Oldenburg, Institut für Chemie und Biologie des Meeres, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Brose
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger-Strasse 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Barbara Drossel
- TU Darmstadt, Institut für Festkörperphysik, Hochschulstrasse 6, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ashkaan K. Fahimipour
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 110 McAllister Way, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - Christian Guill
- Universität Potsdam, Institut für Biochemie und Biologie, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Justin D. Yeakel
- University of California, Merced, School of Natural Sciences, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Fanqi Zeng
- University of Bristol, Department of Engineering Mathematics, Merchant Venturers Building, Bristol BS8 1UB, UK
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32
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A probabilistic approach to dispersal in spatially explicit meta-populations. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22234. [PMID: 33335189 PMCID: PMC7747636 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79162-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Meta-population and -community models have extended our understanding regarding the influence of habitat distribution, local patch dynamics, and dispersal on species distribution patterns. Currently, theoretical insights on spatial distribution patterns are limited by the dominant use of deterministic approaches for modeling species dispersal. In this work, we introduce a probabilistic, network-based framework to describe species dispersal by considering inter-patch connections as network-determined probabilistic events. We highlight important differences between a deterministic approach and our dispersal formalism. Exemplified for a meta-population, our results indicate that the proposed scheme provides a realistic relationship between dispersal rate and extinction thresholds. Furthermore, it enables us to investigate the influence of patch density on meta-population persistence and provides insight on the effects of probabilistic dispersal events on species persistence. Importantly, our formalism makes it possible to capture the transient nature of inter-patch connections, and can thereby provide short term predictions on species distribution, which might be highly relevant for projections on how climate and land use changes influence species distribution patterns.
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33
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Häussler J, Barabás G, Eklöf A. A Bayesian network approach to trophic metacommunities shows that habitat loss accelerates top species extinctions. Ecol Lett 2020; 23:1849-1861. [PMID: 32981202 PMCID: PMC7702078 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We develop a novel approach to analyse trophic metacommunities, which allows us to explore how progressive habitat loss affects food webs. Our method combines classic metapopulation models on fragmented landscapes with a Bayesian network representation of trophic interactions for calculating local extinction rates. This means that we can repurpose known results from classic metapopulation theory for trophic metacommunities, such as ranking the habitat patches of the landscape with respect to their importance to the persistence of the metacommunity as a whole. We use this to study the effects of habitat loss, both on model communities and the plant‐mammal Serengeti food web dataset as a case study. Combining straightforward parameterisability with computational efficiency, our method permits the analysis of species‐rich food webs over large landscapes, with hundreds or even thousands of species and habitat patches, while still retaining much of the flexibility of explicit dynamical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Häussler
- EcoNetLab, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.,Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger-Str. 159, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - György Barabás
- Linköping University, Linköping, SE-58183, Sweden.,MTA-ELTE Theoretical Biology and Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, Pázmány Péter sétány, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - Anna Eklöf
- Linköping University, Linköping, SE-58183, Sweden
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34
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Schlägel UE, Grimm V, Blaum N, Colangeli P, Dammhahn M, Eccard JA, Hausmann SL, Herde A, Hofer H, Joshi J, Kramer-Schadt S, Litwin M, Lozada-Gobilard SD, Müller MEH, Müller T, Nathan R, Petermann JS, Pirhofer-Walzl K, Radchuk V, Rillig MC, Roeleke M, Schäfer M, Scherer C, Schiro G, Scholz C, Teckentrup L, Tiedemann R, Ullmann W, Voigt CC, Weithoff G, Jeltsch F. Movement-mediated community assembly and coexistence. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 95:1073-1096. [PMID: 32627362 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Organismal movement is ubiquitous and facilitates important ecological mechanisms that drive community and metacommunity composition and hence biodiversity. In most existing ecological theories and models in biodiversity research, movement is represented simplistically, ignoring the behavioural basis of movement and consequently the variation in behaviour at species and individual levels. However, as human endeavours modify climate and land use, the behavioural processes of organisms in response to these changes, including movement, become critical to understanding the resulting biodiversity loss. Here, we draw together research from different subdisciplines in ecology to understand the impact of individual-level movement processes on community-level patterns in species composition and coexistence. We join the movement ecology framework with the key concepts from metacommunity theory, community assembly and modern coexistence theory using the idea of micro-macro links, where various aspects of emergent movement behaviour scale up to local and regional patterns in species mobility and mobile-link-generated patterns in abiotic and biotic environmental conditions. These in turn influence both individual movement and, at ecological timescales, mechanisms such as dispersal limitation, environmental filtering, and niche partitioning. We conclude by highlighting challenges to and promising future avenues for data generation, data analysis and complementary modelling approaches and provide a brief outlook on how a new behaviour-based view on movement becomes important in understanding the responses of communities under ongoing environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike E Schlägel
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, University of Potsdam, Am Mühlenberg 3, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker Grimm
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, University of Potsdam, Am Mühlenberg 3, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Ecological Modelling, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Niels Blaum
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, University of Potsdam, Am Mühlenberg 3, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pierluigi Colangeli
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Modelling, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 2, 14469, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Melanie Dammhahn
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Animal Ecology, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 1, 14469, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jana A Eccard
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Animal Ecology, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 1, 14469, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sebastian L Hausmann
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Plant Ecology, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antje Herde
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, University of Potsdam, Am Mühlenberg 3, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Animal Behaviour, Bielefeld University, Morgenbreede 45, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Heribert Hofer
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jasmin Joshi
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Biodiversity Research and Systematic Botany, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 2, 14469, Potsdam, Germany.,Institute for Landscape and Open Space, Hochschule für Technik HSR Rapperswil, Seestrasse 10, 8640 Rapperswil, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Kramer-Schadt
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Ecology, Technische Universität Berlin, Rothenburgstr. 12, 12165, Berlin, Germany
| | - Magdalena Litwin
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Evolutionary Biology/Systematic Zoology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sissi D Lozada-Gobilard
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Biodiversity Research and Systematic Botany, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 2, 14469, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Marina E H Müller
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Ran Nathan
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, Movement Ecology Laboratory, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jana S Petermann
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Karin Pirhofer-Walzl
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Plant Ecology, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Viktoriia Radchuk
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias C Rillig
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Plant Ecology, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuel Roeleke
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany
| | - Merlin Schäfer
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, University of Potsdam, Am Mühlenberg 3, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Cédric Scherer
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriele Schiro
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Carolin Scholz
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lisa Teckentrup
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, University of Potsdam, Am Mühlenberg 3, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralph Tiedemann
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Evolutionary Biology/Systematic Zoology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Wiebke Ullmann
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, University of Potsdam, Am Mühlenberg 3, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Christian C Voigt
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany.,Behavioral Biology, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Guntram Weithoff
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Modelling, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 2, 14469, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Florian Jeltsch
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, University of Potsdam, Am Mühlenberg 3, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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35
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Land-use history impacts functional diversity across multiple trophic groups. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:1573-1579. [PMID: 31907310 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1910023117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Land-use change is a major driver of biodiversity loss worldwide. Although biodiversity often shows a delayed response to land-use change, previous studies have typically focused on a narrow range of current landscape factors and have largely ignored the role of land-use history in shaping plant and animal communities and their functional characteristics. Here, we used a unique database of 220,000 land-use records to investigate how 20-y of land-use changes have affected functional diversity across multiple trophic groups (primary producers, mutualists, herbivores, invertebrate predators, and vertebrate predators) in 75 grassland fields with a broad range of land-use histories. The effects of land-use history on multitrophic trait diversity were as strong as other drivers known to impact biodiversity, e.g., grassland management and current landscape composition. The diversity of animal mobility and resource-acquisition traits was lower in landscapes where much of the land had been historically converted from grassland to crop. In contrast, functional biodiversity was higher in landscapes containing old permanent grasslands, most likely because they offer a stable and high-quality habitat refuge for species with low mobility and specialized feeding niches. Our study shows that grassland-to-crop conversion has long-lasting impacts on the functional biodiversity of agricultural ecosystems. Accordingly, land-use legacy effects must be considered in conservation programs aiming to protect agricultural biodiversity. In particular, the retention of permanent grassland sanctuaries within intensive landscapes may offset ecological debts.
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Ryser R, Häussler J, Stark M, Brose U, Rall BC, Guill C. The biggest losers: habitat isolation deconstructs complex food webs from top to bottom. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20191177. [PMID: 31362639 PMCID: PMC6710599 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.1177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Habitat fragmentation threatens global biodiversity. To date, there is only limited understanding of how the different aspects of habitat fragmentation (habitat loss, number of fragments and isolation) affect species diversity within complex ecological networks such as food webs. Here, we present a dynamic and spatially explicit food web model which integrates complex food web dynamics at the local scale and species-specific dispersal dynamics at the landscape scale, allowing us to study the interplay of local and spatial processes in metacommunities. We here explore how the number of habitat patches, i.e. the number of fragments, and an increase of habitat isolation affect the species diversity patterns of complex food webs (α-, β-, γ-diversities). We specifically test whether there is a trophic dependency in the effect of these two factors on species diversity. In our model, habitat isolation is the main driver causing species loss and diversity decline. Our results emphasize that large-bodied consumer species at high trophic positions go extinct faster than smaller species at lower trophic levels, despite being superior dispersers that connect fragmented landscapes better. We attribute the loss of top species to a combined effect of higher biomass loss during dispersal with increasing habitat isolation in general, and the associated energy limitation in highly fragmented landscapes, preventing higher trophic levels to persist. To maintain trophic-complex and species-rich communities calls for effective conservation planning which considers the interdependence of trophic and spatial dynamics as well as the spatial context of a landscape and its energy availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remo Ryser
- EcoNetLab, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger-Strasse 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Johanna Häussler
- EcoNetLab, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger-Strasse 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Markus Stark
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 2, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ulrich Brose
- EcoNetLab, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger-Strasse 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Björn C Rall
- EcoNetLab, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger-Strasse 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Guill
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 2, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
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