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Han Y, Cai X, Pan M, Gong J, Cai W, Lu D, Xu C. MicroRNA-21-5p acts via the PTEN/Akt/FOXO3a signaling pathway to prevent cardiomyocyte injury caused by high glucose/high fat conditions. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:230. [PMID: 35222707 PMCID: PMC8815051 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) play important roles in cardiovascular disease. miR-21-5p is known to be involved in the regulation of cardiomyocyte injury under high glucose and high fat (HG-HF) conditions, but its mechanism of action remains unclear. In the present study, a cardiomyocyte cell line, H9c2, was treated with 33 mM glucose and 250 µM sodium palmitate for 24, 48, and 72 h to produce HG-HF injury. After treatment, miR-21-5p expression was detected by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. A miR-21-5p mimic was then constructed and transfected into the cells and the potential molecular mechanism was investigated using Cell Counting Kit-8, TUNEL, flow cytometry and western blot assays. Expression of miR-21-5p was significantly downregulated by HG-HF treatment of H9c2 cells for 24, 48, and 72 h. In subsequent experiments, cells were treated for an intermediate period (48 h). Compared with the control group, HG-HF treatment significantly inhibited H9c2 proliferation and promoted apoptosis, while these effects were significantly reduced in the miR-21-5p mimic. Compared with the control group, HG-HF treatment significantly increased reactive oxygen species, while miR-21-5p mimic significantly reduced this effect. Compared with the control group, HG-HF treatment significantly increased the expression of the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and phosphorylated (p)-Akt and decreased the expression of the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2, p-PTEN, and p-FOXO3a, while overexpression of miR-21-5p significantly reduced these effects. The results revealed that miR-21-5p inhibited apoptosis and oxidative stress in H9c2 cells induced by HG-HF, likely through the PTEN/Akt/FOXO3a signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Han
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China.,Fujian Institute of Hypertension, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqi Cai
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China.,Fujian Institute of Hypertension, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Min Pan
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China.,Fujian Institute of Hypertension, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Jin Gong
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China.,Fujian Institute of Hypertension, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Wenqin Cai
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China.,Fujian Institute of Hypertension, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Dan Lu
- Department of General Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
| | - Changsheng Xu
- Fujian Institute of Hypertension, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, P.R. China
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2
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Ally A, Powell I, Ally MM, Chaitoff K, Nauli SM. Role of neuronal nitric oxide synthase on cardiovascular functions in physiological and pathophysiological states. Nitric Oxide 2020; 102:52-73. [PMID: 32590118 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review describes and summarizes the role of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) on the central nervous system, particularly on brain regions such as the ventrolateral medulla (VLM) and the periaqueductal gray matter (PAG), and on blood vessels and the heart that are involved in the regulation and control of the cardiovascular system (CVS). Furthermore, we shall also review the functional aspects of nNOS during several physiological, pathophysiological, and clinical conditions such as exercise, pain, cerebral vascular accidents or stroke and hypertension. For example, during stroke, a cascade of molecular, neurochemical, and cellular changes occur that affect the nervous system as elicited by generation of free radicals and nitric oxide (NO) from vulnerable neurons, peroxide formation, superoxides, apoptosis, and the differential activation of three isoforms of nitric oxide synthases (NOSs), and can exert profound effects on the CVS. Neuronal NOS is one of the three isoforms of NOSs, the others being endothelial (eNOS) and inducible (iNOS) enzymes. Neuronal NOS is a critical homeostatic component of the CVS and plays an important role in regulation of different systems and disease process including nociception. The functional and physiological roles of NO and nNOS are described at the beginning of this review. We also elaborate the structure, gene, domain, and regulation of the nNOS protein. Both inhibitory and excitatory role of nNOS on the sympathetic autonomic nervous system (SANS) and parasympathetic autonomic nervous system (PANS) as mediated via different neurotransmitters/signal transduction processes will be explored, particularly its effects on the CVS. Because the VLM plays a crucial function in cardiovascular homeostatic mechanisms, the neuroanatomy and cardiovascular regulation of the VLM will be discussed in conjunction with the actions of nNOS. Thereafter, we shall discuss the up-to-date developments that are related to the interaction between nNOS and cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and stroke. Finally, we shall focus on the role of nNOS, particularly within the PAG in cardiovascular regulation and neurotransmission during different types of pain stimulus. Overall, this review focuses on our current understanding of the nNOS protein, and provides further insights on how nNOS modulates, regulates, and controls cardiovascular function during both physiological activity such as exercise, and pathophysiological conditions such as stroke and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmmed Ally
- Arkansas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Smith, AR, USA.
| | - Isabella Powell
- All American Institute of Medical Sciences, Black River, Jamaica
| | | | - Kevin Chaitoff
- Interventional Rehabilitation of South Florida, West Palm Beach, FL, USA
| | - Surya M Nauli
- Chapman University and University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
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3
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Luchi TC, Coelho PM, Cordeiro JP, Assis ALEM, Nogueira BV, Marques VB, Dos Santos L, Lima-Leopoldo AP, Lunz W, Leopoldo AS. Chronic aerobic exercise associated to low-dose L-NAME improves contractility without changing calcium handling in rat cardiomyocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 53:e8761. [PMID: 32159612 PMCID: PMC7076801 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20198761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) inhibition by high-dose NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) is associated with several detrimental effects on the cardiovascular system. However, low-dose L-NAME increases NO synthesis, which in turn induces physiological cardiovascular benefits, probably by activating a protective negative feedback mechanism. Aerobic exercise, likewise, improves several cardiovascular functions in healthy hearts, but its effects are not known when chronically associated with low-dose L-NAME. Thus, we tested whether the association between low-dose L-NAME administration and chronic aerobic exercise promotes beneficial effects to the cardiovascular system, evaluating the cardiac remodeling process. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to control (C), L-NAME (L), chronic aerobic exercise (Ex), and chronic aerobic exercise associated to L-NAME (ExL). Aerobic training was performed with progressive intensity for 12 weeks; L-NAME (1.5 mg·kg-1·day-1) was administered by orogastric gavage. Low-dose L-NAME alone did not change systolic blood pressure (SBP), but ExL significantly increased SBP at week 8 with normalization after 12 weeks. Furthermore, ExL promoted the elevation of left ventricle (LV) end-diastolic pressure without the presence of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Time to 50% shortening and relaxation were reduced in ExL, suggesting a cardiomyocyte contractile improvement. In addition, the time to 50% Ca2+ peak was increased without alterations in Ca2+ amplitude and time to 50% Ca2+ decay. In conclusion, the association of chronic aerobic exercise and low-dose L-NAME prevented cardiac pathological remodeling and induced cardiomyocyte contractile function improvement; however, it did not alter myocyte affinity and sensitivity to intracellular Ca2+ handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Luchi
- Departamento de Desportos, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - P M Coelho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição e Saúde, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - J P Cordeiro
- Departamento de Desportos, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - A L E M Assis
- Departamento de Morfologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - B V Nogueira
- Departamento de Morfologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - V B Marques
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - L Dos Santos
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - A P Lima-Leopoldo
- Departamento de Desportos, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição e Saúde, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - W Lunz
- Departamento de Desportos, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - A S Leopoldo
- Departamento de Desportos, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição e Saúde, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
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4
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Richards MA, Simon JN, Ma R, Loonat AA, Crabtree MJ, Paterson DJ, Fahlman RP, Casadei B, Fliegel L, Swietach P. Nitric oxide modulates cardiomyocyte pH control through a biphasic effect on sodium/hydrogen exchanger-1. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 116:1958-1971. [PMID: 31742355 PMCID: PMC7567331 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS When activated, Na+/H+ exchanger-1 (NHE1) produces some of the largest ionic fluxes in the heart. NHE1-dependent H+ extrusion and Na+ entry strongly modulate cardiac physiology through the direct effects of pH on proteins and by influencing intracellular Ca2+ handling. To attain an appropriate level of activation, cardiac NHE1 must respond to myocyte-derived cues. Among physiologically important cues is nitric oxide (NO), which regulates a myriad of cardiac functions, but its actions on NHE1 are unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS NHE1 activity was measured using pH-sensitive cSNARF1 fluorescence after acid-loading adult ventricular myocytes by an ammonium prepulse solution manoeuvre. NO signalling was manipulated by knockout of its major constitutive synthase nNOS, adenoviral nNOS gene delivery, nNOS inhibition, and application of NO-donors. NHE1 flux was found to be activated by low [NO], but inhibited at high [NO]. These responses involved cGMP-dependent signalling, rather than S-nitros(yl)ation. Stronger cGMP signals, that can inhibit phosphodiesterase enzymes, allowed [cAMP] to rise, as demonstrated by a FRET-based sensor. Inferring from the actions of membrane-permeant analogues, cGMP was determined to activate NHE1, whereas cAMP was inhibitory, which explains the biphasic regulation by NO. Activation of NHE1-dependent Na+ influx by low [NO] also increased the frequency of spontaneous Ca2+ waves, whereas high [NO] suppressed these aberrant forms of Ca2+ signalling. CONCLUSIONS Physiological levels of NO stimulation increase NHE1 activity, which boosts pH control during acid-disturbances and results in Na+-driven cellular Ca2+ loading. These responses are positively inotropic but also increase the likelihood of aberrant Ca2+ signals, and hence arrhythmia. Stronger NO signals inhibit NHE1, leading to a reversal of the aforementioned effects, ostensibly as a potential cardioprotective intervention to curtail NHE1 overdrive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Richards
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Jillian N Simon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Ruichong Ma
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Aminah A Loonat
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Mark J Crabtree
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - David J Paterson
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Richard P Fahlman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Barbara Casadei
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Larry Fliegel
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Pawel Swietach
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
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5
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Odnoshivkina UG, Sytchev VI, Starostin O, Petrov AM. Brain cholesterol metabolite 24-hydroxycholesterol modulates inotropic responses to β-adrenoceptor stimulation: The role of NO and phosphodiesterase. Life Sci 2019; 220:117-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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6
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Role of Nitric Oxide in the Cardiovascular and Renal Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092605. [PMID: 30177600 PMCID: PMC6164974 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The gasotransmitters are a family of gaseous signaling molecules which are produced endogenously and act at specific receptors to play imperative roles in physiologic and pathophysiologic processes. As a well-known gasotransmitter along with hydrogen sulfide and carbon monoxide, nitric oxide (NO) has earned repute as a potent vasodilator also known as endothelium-derived vasorelaxant factor (EDRF). NO has been studied in greater detail, from its synthesis and mechanism of action to its physiologic, pathologic, and pharmacologic roles in different disease states. Different animal models have been applied to investigate the beneficial effects of NO as an antihypertensive, renoprotective, and antihypertrophic agent. NO and its interaction with different systems like the renin–angiotensin system, sympathetic nervous system, and other gaseous transmitters like hydrogen sulfide are also well studied. However, links that appear to exist between the endocannabinoid (EC) and NO systems remain to be fully explored. Experimental approaches using modulators of its synthesis including substrate, donors, and inhibitors of the synthesis of NO will be useful for establishing the relationship between the NO and EC systems in the cardiovascular and renal systems. Being a potent vasodilator, NO may be unique among therapeutic options for management of hypertension and resulting renal disease and left ventricular hypertrophy. Inclusion of NO modulators in clinical practice may be useful not only as curatives for particular diseases but also for arresting disease prognoses through its interactions with other systems.
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7
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Cai Z, Shi T, Zhuang R, Fang H, Jiang X, Shao Y, Zhou H. Protective effect of N-acetylcysteine activated carbon release microcapsule on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Exp Ther Med 2017; 15:1809-1818. [PMID: 29434769 PMCID: PMC5776512 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With the development of science and technology, and development of artery bypass, methods such as cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation have been practiced in recent years. Despite this, some methods fail to promote or recover the function of tissues and organs, and in some cases, may aggravate dysfunction and structural damage to tissues. The latter is typical of ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Lipid peroxidation mediated by free radicals is an important process of myocardial IR injury. Myocardial IR has been demonstrated to induce the formation of large numbers of free radicals in rats, which promotes the peroxidation of lipids within unsaturated fatty acids in the myocardial cell membrane. Markers of lipid peroxidation include malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and lactic dehydrogenase. Recent studies have demonstrated that N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is able to dilate blood vessels, prevent oxidative damage, improve immunity, inhibit apoptosis and the inflammatory response and promote glutathione synthesis in cells. NAC also improves the systolic function of myocardial cells and cardiac function, prevents myocardial apoptosis, protects ventricular remodeling and vascular remodeling, reduces opiomelanocortin levels in the serum and increases the content of nitric oxide in the serum, thus improving vascular endothelial function. Therefore, NAC has potent pharmacological activity; however, the relatively fast metabolism of NAC, along with its large clinical dose and low bioavailability, limit its applications. The present study combined NAC with medicinal activated carbons, and prepared N-acetylcysteine activated carbon sustained-release microcapsules (ACNACs) to overcome the limitations of NAC. It was demonstrated that ACNACs exerted greater effective protective effects than NAC alone on myocardial IR injury in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaobin Cai
- Department of Cardiology, The Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, The Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, P.R. China
| | - Rangxiao Zhuang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, The Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, P.R. China
| | - Hongying Fang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, The Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojie Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, The Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, P.R. China
| | - Yidan Shao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, The Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, P.R. China
| | - Hongping Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Children's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
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8
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Landzhov B, Hinova-Palova D, Edelstein L, Dzhambazova E, Brainova I, Georgiev GP, Ivanova V, Paloff A, Ovtscharoff W. Comparative investigation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity in rat and human claustrum. J Chem Neuroanat 2017; 86:1-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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9
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Moris D, Spartalis M, Tzatzaki E, Spartalis E, Karachaliou GS, Triantafyllis AS, Karaolanis GI, Tsilimigras DI, Theocharis S. The role of reactive oxygen species in myocardial redox signaling and regulation. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2017; 5:324. [PMID: 28861421 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2017.06.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are subcellular messengers in gene regulatory and signal transduction pathways. In pathological situations, ROS accumulate due to excessive production or insufficient degradation, leading to oxidative stress (OS). OS causes oxidation of DNA, membranes, cellular lipids, and proteins, impairing their normal function and leading ultimately to cell death. OS in the heart is increased in response to ischemia/reperfusion, hypertrophy, and heart failure. The concentration of ROS is determined by their rates of production and clearance by antioxidants. Increases in OS in heart failure are primarily a result of the functional uncoupling of the respiratory chain due to inactivation of complex I. However, increased ROS in the failing myocardium may also be caused by impaired antioxidant capacity, such as decreased activity of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) or stimulation of enzymatic sources, including, cyclooxygenase, xanthine oxidase (XO), nitric oxide synthase, and nonphagocytic NAD(P)H oxidases (Noxs). Mitochondria are the main source of ROS during heart failure and aging. Increased production of ROS in the failing heart leads to mitochondrial permeability transition, which results in matrix swelling, outer membrane rupture, a release of apoptotic signaling molecules, and irreversible injury to the mitochondria. Alterations of "redox homeostasis" leads to major cellular consequences, and cellular survival requires an optimal regulation of the redox balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demetrios Moris
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michael Spartalis
- Division of Cardiology, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Tzatzaki
- Division of Cardiology, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleftherios Spartalis
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia-Sofia Karachaliou
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Georgios I Karaolanis
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
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Barnett SD, Buxton ILO. The role of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) in human disease and therapy. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 52:340-354. [PMID: 28393572 PMCID: PMC5597050 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2017.1304353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR), or ADH5, is an enzyme in the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) family. It is unique when compared to other ADH enzymes in that primary short-chain alcohols are not its principle substrate. GSNOR metabolizes S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), S-hydroxymethylglutathione (the spontaneous adduct of formaldehyde and glutathione), and some alcohols. GSNOR modulates reactive nitric oxide (•NO) availability in the cell by catalyzing the breakdown of GSNO, and indirectly regulates S-nitrosothiols (RSNOs) through GSNO-mediated protein S-nitrosation. The dysregulation of GSNOR can significantly alter cellular homeostasis, leading to disease. GSNOR plays an important regulatory role in smooth muscle relaxation, immune function, inflammation, neuronal development and cancer progression, among many other processes. In recent years, the therapeutic inhibition of GSNOR has been investigated to treat asthma, cystic fibrosis and interstitial lung disease (ILD). The direct action of •NO on cellular pathways, as well as the important regulatory role of protein S-nitrosation, is closely tied to GSNOR regulation and defines this enzyme as an important therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Barnett
- a Department of Pharmacology , University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine , Reno , NV , USA
| | - Iain L O Buxton
- a Department of Pharmacology , University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine , Reno , NV , USA
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11
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Deidda M, Madonna R, Mango R, Pagliaro P, Bassareo PP, Cugusi L, Romano S, Penco M, Romeo F, Mercuro G. Novel insights in pathophysiology of antiblastic drugs-induced cardiotoxicity and cardioprotection. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2017; 17 Suppl 1 Special issue on Cardiotoxicity from Antiblastic Drugs and Cardioprotection:e76-e83. [PMID: 27755245 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000000373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in supportive and protective therapy for myocardial function, heart failure caused by various clinical conditions, including cardiomyopathy due to antineoplastic therapy, remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Because of the limitations associated with current therapies, investigators have been searching for alternative treatments that can effectively repair the damaged heart and permanently restore its function. Damage to the heart can result from both traditional chemotherapeutic agents, such as anthracyclines, and new targeted therapies, such as trastuzumab. Because of this unresolved issue, investigators are searching for alternative therapeutic strategies. In this article, we present state-of-the-art technology with regard to the genomic and epigenetic mechanisms underlying cardiotoxicity and cardioprotection, the role of anticancer in influencing the redox (reduction/oxidation) balance and the function of stem cells in the repair/regeneration of the adult heart. These findings, although not immediately transferable to clinical applications, form the basis for the development of personalized medicine based on the prevention of cardiotoxicity with the use of genetic testing. Proteomics, metabolomics and investigations on reactive oxygen species-dependent pathways, particularly those that interact with the production of NO and energy metabolism, appear to be promising for the identification of early markers of cardiotoxicity and for the development of cardioprotective agents. Finally, autologous cardiac stem and progenitor cells may represent future contributions in the field of myocardial protection and recovery in the context of antiblastic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martino Deidda
- aDepartment of Medical Sciences 'M. Aresu', University of Cagliari, Cagliari bInstitute of Cardiology, Center of Excellence on Aging, 'G. d'Annunzio' University, Chieti cDepartment of Systems Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome dDepartment of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano eDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environment Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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12
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α2A-adrenoceptors, but not nitric oxide, mediate the peripheral cardiac sympatho-inhibition of moxonidine. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 782:35-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Novel Perspectives in Redox Biology and Pathophysiology of Failing Myocytes: Modulation of the Intramyocardial Redox Milieu for Therapeutic Interventions-A Review Article from the Working Group of Cardiac Cell Biology, Italian Society of Cardiology. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:6353469. [PMID: 26881035 PMCID: PMC4736421 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6353469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of heart failure (HF) is still increasing worldwide, with enormous human, social, and economic costs, in spite of huge efforts in understanding pathogenetic mechanisms and in developing effective therapies that have transformed this syndrome into a chronic disease. Myocardial redox imbalance is a hallmark of this syndrome, since excessive reactive oxygen and nitrogen species can behave as signaling molecules in the pathogenesis of hypertrophy and heart failure, leading to dysregulation of cellular calcium handling, of the contractile machinery, of myocardial energetics and metabolism, and of extracellular matrix deposition. Recently, following new interesting advances in understanding myocardial ROS and RNS signaling pathways, new promising therapeutical approaches with antioxidant properties are being developed, keeping in mind that scavenging ROS and RNS tout court is detrimental as well, since these molecules also play a role in physiological myocardial homeostasis.
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Adams JA, Uryash A, Nadkarni V, Berg RA, Lopez JR. Whole body periodic acceleration (pGz) preserves heart rate variability after cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 2015; 99:20-5. [PMID: 26690649 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Heart rate variability (HRV) is a measure of the balance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic nervous system and lack thereof an ominous sign in many cardiac and neurological conditions including post-cardiac arrest syndrome. Whole body periodic acceleration (pGz) has been shown to be cardio protective when applied prior to during and after cardiac arrest (CA). Here, we investigate whether or not pGz pre or post treatment after CA preserves HRV. METHODS Eight min of unsupported ventricular fibrillation followed by CPR and defibrillation was carried out in 32 anesthetized and paralyzed male swine who were randomized to pretreatment (1h pGz prior to CA, pre-pGz [n=8]) or post-treatment (pGz beginning at 30min after return of spontaneous circulation ([ROSC], post-pGz [n=8]) or none (CONT [n=8]). pGz was applied together with conventional mechanical ventilation. In a separate group (n=8), infusion of TRIM (nNOS inhibitor) was used to determine the effects of nNOS inhibition on HRV. RESULTS Time and frequency domain measures of HRV were determined along with measurements of blood gases and hemodynamics, obtained at baseline and at 30, 60, 120 and 180min after ROSC. All animals had ROSC and there were no significant differences for arterial blood gases, mean blood pressure and coronary perfusion pressure after ROSC among the groups. HRV was significantly depressed after cardiac arrest and remained depressed in CONT group. In contrast, both pre and post pGz treated groups had significantly higher and preserved time domain measures of HRV (RMSSD and SDNN) from 60 to 180min after ROSC, and nNOS inhibition markedly reduced HRV. The frequency domain of HRV did not show changes. CONCLUSIONS In a pig model of CA, pre or post treatment with pGz preserves HRV. Inhibition of nNOS markedly reduced HRV. Post-treatment with pGz is a novel therapeutic strategy that might serve as an adjunct to current pharmacological or hypothermia modalities to potentially improve outcomes from post-cardiac arrest syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Adams
- Mt Sinai Medical Center, Division of Neonatology, Miami Beach, FL, USA.
| | - Arkady Uryash
- Mt Sinai Medical Center, Division of Neonatology, Miami Beach, FL, USA
| | - Vinay Nadkarni
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert A Berg
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jose R Lopez
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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NOS1 induces NADPH oxidases and impairs contraction kinetics in aged murine ventricular myocytes. Basic Res Cardiol 2015; 110:506. [PMID: 26173391 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-015-0506-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) modulates calcium transients and contraction of cardiomyocytes. However, it is largely unknown whether NO contributes also to alterations in the contractile function of cardiomyocytes during aging. Therefore, we analyzed the putative role of nitric oxide synthases and NO for the age-related alterations of cardiomyocyte contraction. We used C57BL/6 mice, nitric oxide synthase 1 (NOS1)-deficient mice (NOS1(-/-)) and mice with cardiomyocyte-specific NOS1-overexpression to analyze contractions, calcium transients (Indo-1 fluorescence), acto-myosin ATPase activity (malachite green assay), NADPH oxidase activity (lucigenin chemiluminescence) of isolated ventricular myocytes and cardiac gene expression (Western blots, qPCR). In C57BL/6 mice, cardiac expression of NOS1 was upregulated by aging. Since we found a negative regulation of NOS1 expression by cAMP in isolated cardiomyocytes, we suggest that reduced efficacy of β-adrenergic signaling that is evident in aged hearts promotes upregulation of NOS1. Shortening and relengthening of cardiomyocytes from aged C57BL/6 mice were decelerated, but were normalized by pharmacological inhibition of NOS1/NO. Cardiomyocytes from NOS1(-/-) mice displayed no age-related changes in contraction, calcium transients or acto-myosin ATPase activity. Aging increased cardiac expression of NADPH oxidase subunits NOX2 and NOX4 in C57BL/6 mice, but not in NOS1(-/-) mice. Similarly, cardiac expression of NOX2 and NOX4 was upregulated in a murine model with cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of NOS1. We conclude that age-dependently upregulated NOS1, putatively via reduced efficacy of β-adrenergic signaling, induces NADPH oxidases. By increasing nitrosative and oxidative stress, both enzyme systems act synergistically to decelerate contraction of aged cardiomyocytes.
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Murfitt L, Whiteley G, Iqbal MM, Kitmitto A. Targeting caveolin-3 for the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 151:50-71. [PMID: 25779609 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a global health problem with more than 550 million people predicted to be diabetic by 2030. A major complication of diabetes is cardiovascular disease, which accounts for over two-thirds of mortality and morbidity in diabetic patients. This increased risk has led to the definition of a diabetic cardiomyopathy phenotype characterised by early left ventricular dysfunction with normal ejection fraction. Here we review the aetiology of diabetic cardiomyopathy and explore the involvement of the protein caveolin-3 (Cav3). Cav3 forms part of a complex mechanism regulating insulin signalling and glucose uptake, processes that are impaired in diabetes. Further, Cav3 is key for stabilisation and trafficking of cardiac ion channels to the plasma membrane and so contributes to the cardiac action potential shape and duration. In addition, Cav3 has direct and indirect interactions with proteins involved in excitation-contraction coupling and so has the potential to influence cardiac contractility. Significantly, both impaired contractility and rhythm disturbances are hallmarks of diabetic cardiomyopathy. We review here how changes to Cav3 expression levels and altered relationships with interacting partners may be contributory factors to several of the pathological features identified in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Finally, the review concludes by considering ways in which levels of Cav3 may be manipulated in order to develop novel therapeutic approaches for treating diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Murfitt
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, M13 9NT, UK
| | - Gareth Whiteley
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, M13 9NT, UK
| | - Mohammad M Iqbal
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, M13 9NT, UK
| | - Ashraf Kitmitto
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, M13 9NT, UK.
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Barmaki B, Khazaei M. Effect of aminoguanidine on cardiovascular responses and survival time during blood loss: A study in normotensive and deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertensive rats. Int J Appl Basic Med Res 2015; 5:12-7. [PMID: 25664261 PMCID: PMC4318093 DOI: 10.4103/2229-516x.149222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Hemorrhagic shock causes more circulatory disturbances and mortality in hypertensive than normotensive subjects. In the late phase of hemorrhagic shock, nitric oxide (NO) overproduction leads to vascular decompensation. In this study, we evaluated the effect of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) inhibitor, aminoguanidine (AG), on hemodynamic parameters and serum nitrite concentration in decompensated hemorrhagic shock model in normotensive and hypertensive male rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four male rats were divided into hypertensive and normotensive groups (n = 12 each). Hypertension was induced by subcutaneous injection of deoxycorticoesterone acetate (DOCA), 30 mg/kg in uninephrectomized rats. Decompensated hemorrhagic shock was induced by withdrawing blood until the mean arterial pressure (MAP) reached 40 mmHg. After 120 min, each group was assigned to aminguanidine (100 mg/kg) and control group. Hemodynamic parameters were monitored for next 60 min. Blood samples were taken before and after shock period and 60 min after treatment. Survival rate was monitored for 72 h. Results: Infusion of AG in normotensive animals caused a transient increase in MAP and increase of heart rate, whereas it did not affect those parameters in hypertensive animals. Hemorrhagic shock caused a significant rise in serum nitrite concentration in normotensive and hypertensive rats and infusion of AG did not significantly change it in both groups. No significant differences observed in survival rate between AG-treated and not treated groups. Conclusion: It seems that inhibition of iNOS with AG does not have beneficial effects on hemodynamatic parameters and survival rate during decompensated hemorrhagic shock in normotensive and hypertensive animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Barmaki
- Department of Physiology, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Department of Physiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran ; Department of Physiology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Involvement of nitric oxide and caveolins in the age-associated functional and structural changes in a heart under osmotic stress. Biomed Pharmacother 2014; 69:380-7. [PMID: 25661386 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2014.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous work done in our laboratory showed that water restriction during 24 and 72h induced changes in cardiovascular NOS activity without altering NOS protein levels in young and adult animals. These findings indicate that the involvement of NO in the regulatory mechanisms during dehydration depends on the magnitude of the water restriction and on age. Our aim was to study whether a controlled water restriction of 1 month affects cardiac function, NO synthase (NOS) activity and NOS, and cav-1 and -3 protein levels in rats during aging. Male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 2 and 16 months were divided into 2 groups: (CR) control restriction (WR) water restriction. Measurements of arterial blood pressure, heart rate, oxidative stress, NOS activity and NOS/cav-1 and -3 protein levels were performed. Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography. The results showed that adult rats have greater ESV, EDV and SV than young rats with similar SBP. Decreased atria NOS activity was caused by a reduction in NOS protein levels. Adult animals showed increased cav-1. Water restriction decreased NOS activity in young and adult rats associated to an increased cav-1. TBARS levels increased in adult animals. Higher ventricular NOS activity in adulthood would be caused by a reduction in both cav. Water restriction reduced NOS activity and increased cav in both age groups. In conclusion, our results indicated that dehydration modifies cardiac NO system activity and its regulatory proteins cav in order to maintain physiological cardiac function. Functional alterations are induced by the aging process as well as hypovolemic state.
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Yamada T, Fedotovskaya O, Cheng AJ, Cornachione AS, Minozzo FC, Aulin C, Fridén C, Turesson C, Andersson DC, Glenmark B, Lundberg IE, Rassier DE, Westerblad H, Lanner JT. Nitrosative modifications of the Ca2+ release complex and actin underlie arthritis-induced muscle weakness. Ann Rheum Dis 2014; 74:1907-14. [PMID: 24854355 PMCID: PMC4602262 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-205007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Skeletal muscle weakness is a prominent clinical feature in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but the underlying mechanism(s) is unknown. Here we investigate the mechanisms behind arthritis-induced skeletal muscle weakness with special focus on the role of nitrosative stress on intracellular Ca(2+) handling and specific force production. METHODS Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expression, degree of nitrosative stress and composition of the major intracellular Ca(2+) release channel (ryanodine receptor 1, RyR1) complex were measured in muscle. Changes in cytosolic free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) and force production were assessed in single-muscle fibres and isolated myofibrils using atomic force cantilevers. RESULTS The total neuronal NOS (nNOS) levels were increased in muscles both from collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice and patients with RA. The nNOS associated with RyR1 was increased and accompanied by increased [Ca(2+)]i during contractions of muscles from CIA mice. A marker of peroxynitrite-derived nitrosative stress (3-nitrotyrosine, 3-NT) was increased on the RyR1 complex and on actin of muscles from CIA mice. Despite increased [Ca(2+)]i, individual CIA muscle fibres were weaker than in healthy controls, that is, force per cross-sectional area was decreased. Furthermore, force and kinetics were impaired in CIA myofibrils, hence actin and myosin showed decreased ability to interact, which could be a result of increased 3-NT content on actin. CONCLUSIONS Arthritis-induced muscle weakness is linked to nitrosative modifications of the RyR1 protein complex and actin, which are driven by increased nNOS associated with RyR1 and progressively increasing Ca(2+) activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yamada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Olga Fedotovskaya
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arthur J Cheng
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anabelle S Cornachione
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education and Department of Physics and Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Fabio C Minozzo
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education and Department of Physics and Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Cecilia Aulin
- Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Fridén
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carl Turesson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Rheumatology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Daniel C Andersson
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Glenmark
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid E Lundberg
- Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dilson E Rassier
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education and Department of Physics and Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Håkan Westerblad
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johanna T Lanner
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Gamboa A, Okamoto LE, Raj SR, Diedrich A, Shibao CA, Robertson D, Biaggioni I. Nitric oxide and regulation of heart rate in patients with postural tachycardia syndrome and healthy subjects. Hypertension 2013; 61:376-81. [PMID: 23283362 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.111.00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The objective is to study the role of nitric oxide (NO) on cardiovascular regulation in healthy subjects and postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) patients. Reduced neuronal NO function, which could contribute to a hyperadrenergic state, and increased NO-induced vasodilation, which could contribute to orthostatic intolerance, have been reported in POTS. In protocol 1, 13 healthy volunteers (33 ± 3 years) underwent autonomic blockade with trimethaphan and were administered equipressor doses of Nω-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA, a NO synthase inhibitor) and phenylephrine to determine the direct chronotropic effects of NO (independent of baroreflex modulation). In protocol 2, we compared the effects of L-NMMA in 9 POTS patients (31 ± 3 years) and 14 healthy (32 ± 2 years) volunteers, during autonomic blockade. During autonomic blockade, L-NMMA and phenylephrine produced similar increases in systolic blood pressure (27 ± 2 versus 27 ± 3 mm Hg). Phenylephrine produced only minimal heart rate changes, whereas L-NMMA produced a modest, but significant, bradycardia (-0.8 ± 0.4 versus -4.8 ± 1.2 bpm; P=0.011). There were no differences between POTS and healthy volunteers in the systolic blood pressure increase (22 ± 2 and 28 ± 5 mm Hg) or heart rate decrease (-6 ± 2 and -4 ± 1 bpm for POTS and controls, respectively) produced by L-NMMA. In the absence of baroreflex buffering, inhibition of endogenous NO synthesis results in a significant bradycardia, reflecting direct tonic modulation of heart rate by NO in healthy individuals. We found no evidence of a primary alteration in NO function in POTS. If NO dysfunction plays a role in POTS, it is through its interaction with the autonomic nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Gamboa
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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Hare GMT, Mu A, Romaschin A, Tsui AKY, Shehata N, Beattie WS, Mazer CD. Plasma methemoglobin as a potential biomarker of anemic stress in humans. Can J Anaesth 2012; 59:348-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s12630-011-9663-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Buckley MM, Johns EJ. Impact of l-NAME on the cardiopulmonary reflex in cardiac hypertrophy. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2011; 301:R1549-56. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00307.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence that in cardiac failure, there is defective baroreceptor reflex control of sympathetic nerve activity. Often, cardiac failure is preceded by a state of cardiac hypertrophy in which there may be enhanced performance of the heart. This study investigated whether in two different models of cardiac hypertrophy, there was an increased contribution of nitric oxide (NO) to the low-pressure baroreceptor regulation of renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) and nerve-dependent excretory function. Administration of a volume load, 0.25* body wt/min saline for 30 min, in normal rats decreased RSNA by 40* and increased urine flow by some 9-fold. Following nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) administration, 10 μg·kg−1·min−1 for 60 min, which had no effect on blood pressure, heart rate, or RSNA, the volume load-induced renal sympathoinhibitory and excretory responses were markedly enhanced. In cardiac hypertrophy states induced by 2 wk of isoprenaline/caffeine or 1 wk thyroxine administration, the volume challenge failed to suppress RSNA, and there were blunted increases in urine flow in the innervated kidneys, but following l-NAME infusion, the volume load decreased RSNA by 30–40* and increased urine flow by some 20-fold in the innervated kidneys, roughly to the same extent as observed in normal rats. These findings suggest that the blunted renal sympathoinhibition and nerve-dependent diuresis to the volume load in cardiac hypertrophy are related to a heightened production or activity of NO within either the afferent or central arms of the reflex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M. Buckley
- Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland
| | - Edward J. Johns
- Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland
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Mohamed TMA, Oceandy D, Zi M, Prehar S, Alatwi N, Wang Y, Shaheen MA, Abou-Leisa R, Schelcher C, Hegab Z, Baudoin F, Emerson M, Mamas M, Di Benedetto G, Zaccolo M, Lei M, Cartwright EJ, Neyses L. Plasma membrane calcium pump (PMCA4)-neuronal nitric-oxide synthase complex regulates cardiac contractility through modulation of a compartmentalized cyclic nucleotide microdomain. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:41520-41529. [PMID: 21965681 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.290411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of the signaling pathways that regulate cyclic nucleotide microdomains is essential to our understanding of cardiac physiology and pathophysiology. Although there is growing evidence that the plasma membrane Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent ATPase 4 (PMCA4) is a regulator of neuronal nitric-oxide synthase, the physiological consequence of this regulation is unclear. We therefore tested the hypothesis that PMCA4 has a key structural role in tethering neuronal nitric-oxide synthase to a highly compartmentalized domain in the cardiac cell membrane. This structural role has functional consequences on cAMP and cGMP signaling in a PMCA4-governed microdomain, which ultimately regulates cardiac contractility. In vivo contractility and calcium amplitude were increased in PMCA4 knock-out animals (PMCA4(-/-)) with no change in diastolic relaxation or the rate of calcium decay, showing that PMCA4 has a function distinct from beat-to-beat calcium transport. Surprisingly, in PMCA4(-/-), over 36% of membrane-associated neuronal nitric-oxide synthase (nNOS) protein and activity was delocalized to the cytosol with no change in total nNOS protein, resulting in a significant decrease in microdomain cGMP, which in turn led to a significant elevation in local cAMP levels through a decrease in PDE2 activity (measured by FRET-based sensors). This resulted in increased L-type calcium channel activity and ryanodine receptor phosphorylation and hence increased contractility. In the heart, in addition to subsarcolemmal calcium transport, PMCA4 acts as a structural molecule that maintains the spatial and functional integrity of the nNOS signaling complex in a defined microdomain. This has profound consequences for the regulation of local cyclic nucleotide and hence cardiac β-adrenergic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer M A Mohamed
- Cardiovascular Medicine Research Group, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Delvac Oceandy
- Cardiovascular Medicine Research Group, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Min Zi
- Cardiovascular Medicine Research Group, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Sukhpal Prehar
- Cardiovascular Medicine Research Group, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Nasser Alatwi
- Cardiovascular Medicine Research Group, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Yanwen Wang
- Cardiovascular Medicine Research Group, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Mohamed A Shaheen
- Cardiovascular Medicine Research Group, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Riham Abou-Leisa
- Cardiovascular Medicine Research Group, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Celine Schelcher
- Cardiovascular Medicine Research Group, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Zeinab Hegab
- Cardiovascular Medicine Research Group, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Florence Baudoin
- Cardiovascular Medicine Research Group, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Emerson
- Platelet Biology Group, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Mamas Mamas
- Cardiovascular Medicine Research Group, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | | | - Manuela Zaccolo
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Ming Lei
- Cardiovascular Medicine Research Group, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth J Cartwright
- Cardiovascular Medicine Research Group, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Ludwig Neyses
- Cardiovascular Medicine Research Group, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom.
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Zhang T, Feng Q. Nitric oxide and calcium signaling regulate myocardial tumor necrosis factor-α expression and cardiac function in sepsis. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2010; 88:92-104. [PMID: 20237583 DOI: 10.1139/y09-097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), a proinflammatory cytokine, is a critical inducer of myocardial dysfunction in sepsis. The purpose of this review is to summarize the mechanisms through which TNF-alpha production is regulated in cardiomyocytes in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a key pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) in sepsis. These mechanisms include Nox2-containing NAD(P)H oxidase, phospholipase C (PLC)gamma1, and Ca2+ signaling pathways. Activation of these pathways increases TNF-alpha expression via activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Conversely, activation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) negatively regulates TNF-alpha production through inhibition of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK activity. Interestingly, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) promotes TNF-alpha expression by enhancing p38 MAPK activation, whereas neuronal NOS (nNOS) inhibits TNF-alpha production by reducing Ca2+-dependent ERK1/2 activity. Therefore, the JNK1 and nNOS inhibitory pathways represent a "brake" that limits myocardial TNF-alpha expression in sepsis. Further understanding of these signal transduction mechanisms may lead to novel pharmacological therapies in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
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Enhancement of the citrulline–nitric oxide cycle in astroglioma cells by the proline-rich peptide-10c from Bothrops jararaca venom. Brain Res 2010; 1363:11-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2010] [Revised: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Mayahi L, Mason L, Bleasdale-Barr K, Donald A, Trender-Gerhard I, Sweeney MG, Davis MB, Wood N, Mathias CJ, Watson L, Pellerin D, Heales S, Deanfield JE, Bhatia K, Murray-Rust J, Hingorani AD. Endothelial, sympathetic, and cardiac function in inherited (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-L-biopterin deficiency. CIRCULATION. CARDIOVASCULAR GENETICS 2010; 3:513-22. [PMID: 20937667 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.110.957605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND (6R)-5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-l-biopterin (BH4) is a cofactor for enzymes involved in catecholamine and nitric oxide generation whose synthesis is initiated by GTP cyclohydrolase I (GTPCH-1), encoded by GCH1. In the absence of a potent, specific GTPCH-1 inhibitor, natural BH4 deficiency caused by mutations in GCH1 in the rare movement disorder, DOPA-responsive dystonia (OMIM DYT5), offers the opportunity to study the role of endogenous BH4 in humans. METHODS AND RESULTS In 16 DOPA-responsive dystonia patients with mutations predicted to affect GTPCH-1 expression or function and in age- and sex-matched control subjects, we measured plasma biopterin and nitrogen oxides by high-performance liquid chromatography and the Griess reaction, respectively, endothelial function by brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD), sympathetic function by measurement of plasma norepinephrine, epinephrine, and heart rate and blood pressure in response. Cardiac function and structure were assessed by echocardiography. Plasma biopterin was lower in patients (5.76±0.53 versus 8.43±0.85 nmol/L, P=0.03), but plasma NO(2)(-)/NO(3)(-) (NOx) (median, 9.06 [interquartile range, 5.35 to 11.04] versus 8.40 [interquartile range, 5.28 to 11.44] μmol/L, P=1) and FMD were not lower (7.7±0.8% versus 7.9±0.9%, P=0.91). In patients but not control subjects, FMD was insensitive to nitric oxide synthase inhibition (FMD at baseline, 6.7±2.1%; FMD during l-NMMA infusion, 6.2±2.5, P=0.68). The heart rate at rest was higher in patients, but the heart rate and blood pressure response to sympathetic stimulation did not differ in patients and control subjects despite lower concentrations of norepinepherine (264±8 pg/mL versus 226±9 pg/mL, P=0.006) and epinephrine (33.8±5.2 pg/mL versus 17.8±4.6 pg/mL, P=0.03) in patients. There was also no difference in cardiac function and structure. CONCLUSIONS Sympathetic, cardiac, and endothelial functions are preserved in patients with GCH1 mutations despite a neurological phenotype, reduced plasma biopterin, and norepinepherine and epinephrine concentrations. Lifelong endogenous BH4 deficiency may elicit developmental adaptation through mechanisms that are inaccessible during acquired BH4 deficiency in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lila Mayahi
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, University College London, 5 University St., London, UK.
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Lovasova K, Kluchova D, Bolekova A, Dorko F, Spakovska T. Distribution of NADPH-diaphorase and AChE activity in the anterior leaflet of rat mitral valve. Eur J Histochem 2010; 54:e5. [PMID: 20353912 PMCID: PMC3167287 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2010.e5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2009] [Revised: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 01/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitral valve, as an active flap, forms the major part of the left ventricular inflow tract and therefore plays an important function in many aspects of left ventricular performance. The anterior leaflet of this valve is the largest and most ventrally placed of two leaflets that come together during ventricular systole to close the left atrioventricular orifice. Various neurotransmitters are responsible for different functions including controlling valve movement, inhibiting or causing the failure of impulse conduction in the valve and the sensation of pain. Nitric oxide acts as a gaseous free radical neurotransmitter, neuromediator and effective cardiovascular modulator. Acetyl-choline is known to function as a typical neurotransmitter. Histochemical methods for detection of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPH-d), as an indirect nitric oxide-synthase marker, and method for detection of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were used. Both methods were performed on the same valve sample. A widespread distribution of nerve fibres was observed in the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve. The fine NADPH-d positive (nitrergic) nerve fibres were identified in all zones of valve leaflet. AChE positive (cholinergic) nerve fibres were identified forming dense network and fibres organized in stripes. Endocardial cells and vessels manifested heavy NADPH-d activity. Our observations suggest a different arrangement of nitrergic and cholinergic nerve fibres in the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve. The presence of nitrergic and cholinergic activity confirms the involvement of both neurotransmitters in nerve plexuses and other structures of mitral valve.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lovasova
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Slovak Republic.
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Calbet JAL, Robach P, Lundby C. The exercising heart at altitude. Cell Mol Life Sci 2009; 66:3601-13. [PMID: 19809792 PMCID: PMC11115914 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-0148-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2009] [Accepted: 08/20/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Maximal cardiac output is reduced in severe acute hypoxia but also in chronic hypoxia by mechanisms that remain poorly understood. In theory, the reduction of maximal cardiac output could result from: (1) a regulatory response from the central nervous system, (2) reduction of maximal pumping capacity of the heart due to insufficient coronary oxygen delivery prior to the achievement of the normoxic maximal cardiac output, or (3) reduced central command. In this review, we focus on the effects that acute and chronic hypoxia have on the pumping capacity of the heart, particularly on myocardial contractility and the molecular responses elicited by acute and chronic hypoxia in the cardiac myocytes. Special emphasis is put on the cardioprotective effects of chronic hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A L Calbet
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain.
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Garofalo F, Parisella ML, Amelio D, Tota B, Imbrogno S. Phospholamban S-nitrosylation modulates Starling response in fish heart. Proc Biol Sci 2009; 276:4043-52. [PMID: 19726482 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2009.1189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Frank-Starling mechanism is a fundamental property of the vertebrate heart, which allows the myocardium to respond to increased filling pressure with a more vigorous contraction of its lengthened fibres. In mammals, myocardial stretch increases cardiac nitric oxide (NO) release from both vascular endothelium and cardiomyocytes. This facilitates myocardial relaxation and ventricular diastolic distensibility, thus influencing the Frank-Starling mechanism. In the in vitro working heart of the eel Anguilla anguilla, we previously showed that an endogenous NO release affects the Frank-Starling response making the heart more sensitive to preload. Using the same bioassay, we now demonstrate that this effect is confirmed in the presence of the exogenous NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetyl penicillamine, is independent from endocardial endothelium and guanylate cyclase/cGMP/protein kinase G and cAMP/protein kinase A pathways, involves a PI(3)kinase-mediated activation of endothelial NO synthase and a modulation of the SR-CA(2+)ATPase (SERCA2a) pumps. Furthermore, we show that NO influences cardiac response to preload through S-nitrosylation of phospholamban and consequent activation of SERCA2a. This suggests that in the fish heart NO modulates the Frank-Starling response through a beat-to-beat regulation of calcium reuptake and thus of myocardial relaxation. We propose that this mechanism represents an important evolutionary step for the stretch-induced intrinsic regulation of the vertebrate heart, providing, at the same time, a stimulus for mammalian-oriented studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Garofalo
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, , 87030 Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
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Moayeri M, Crown D, Dorward DW, Gardner D, Ward JM, Li Y, Cui X, Eichacker P, Leppla SH. The heart is an early target of anthrax lethal toxin in mice: a protective role for neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). PLoS Pathog 2009; 5:e1000456. [PMID: 19478875 PMCID: PMC2680977 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2009] [Accepted: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthrax lethal toxin (LT) induces vascular insufficiency in experimental animals through unknown mechanisms. In this study, we show that neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) deficiency in mice causes strikingly increased sensitivity to LT, while deficiencies in the two other NOS enzymes (iNOS and eNOS) have no effect on LT-mediated mortality. The increased sensitivity of nNOS-/- mice was independent of macrophage sensitivity to toxin, or cytokine responses, and could be replicated in nNOS-sufficient wild-type (WT) mice through pharmacological inhibition of the enzyme with 7-nitroindazole. Histopathological analyses showed that LT induced architectural changes in heart morphology of nNOS-/- mice, with rapid appearance of novel inter-fiber spaces but no associated apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. LT-treated WT mice had no histopathology observed at the light microscopy level. Electron microscopic analyses of LT-treated mice, however, revealed striking pathological changes in the hearts of both nNOS-/- and WT mice, varying only in severity and timing. Endothelial/capillary necrosis and degeneration, inter-myocyte edema, myofilament and mitochondrial degeneration, and altered sarcoplasmic reticulum cisternae were observed in both LT-treated WT and nNOS-/- mice. Furthermore, multiple biomarkers of cardiac injury (myoglobin, cardiac troponin-I, and heart fatty acid binding protein) were elevated in LT-treated mice very rapidly (by 6 h after LT injection) and reached concentrations rarely reported in mice. Cardiac protective nitrite therapy and allopurinol therapy did not have beneficial effects in LT-treated mice. Surprisingly, the potent nitric oxide scavenger, carboxy-PTIO, showed some protective effect against LT. Echocardiography on LT-treated mice indicated an average reduction in ejection fraction following LT treatment in both nNOS-/- and WT mice, indicative of decreased contractile function in the heart. We report the heart as an early target of LT in mice and discuss a protective role for nNOS against LT-mediated cardiac damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahtab Moayeri
- Bacterial Toxins and Therapeutics Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Devorah Crown
- Bacterial Toxins and Therapeutics Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David W. Dorward
- Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Don Gardner
- Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Jerrold M. Ward
- Infectious Diseases Pathogenesis Section, Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yan Li
- Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xizhong Cui
- Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Peter Eichacker
- Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Stephen H. Leppla
- Bacterial Toxins and Therapeutics Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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Shattock MJ. Phospholemman: its role in normal cardiac physiology and potential as a druggable target in disease. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2009; 9:160-6. [PMID: 19195931 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2008.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2008] [Revised: 12/15/2008] [Accepted: 12/18/2008] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Phospholemman (PLM) is a member of the FXYD ('fix-it') family of proteins many of which have now been identified as tissue-specific regulators of the Na/K ATPase. PLM (FXYD1) is the primary sarcolemmal substrate for PKC and PKA in the heart. We have recently identified PLM as a novel accessory protein that forms part of the cardiac Na/K ATPase pump complex. PLM regulates Na/K pump activity in a way analogous to the regulation of SERCA by phospholamban-that is un-phosphorylated PLM exerts a tonic inhibition on the Na/K pump, while phosphorylated PLM relieves this inhibition and stimulates pump activity. This process is likely to be fundamentally important in the normal physiological regulation of the cell particularly at high heart rates and, as briefly reviewed in this article, is also likely to offer novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of diseases such as cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.
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Raitakari OT, Blom-Nyholm J, Koskinen TA, Kähönen M, Viikari JSA, Lehtimäki T. Common variation in NOS1AP and KCNH2 genes and QT interval duration in young adults. The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Ann Med 2009; 41:144-51. [PMID: 18785031 DOI: 10.1080/07853890802392529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common genetic variants in the nitric oxide synthase 1 adaptor protein gene (NOS1AP) and in the HERG potassium channel gene (KCNH2) have been associated with cardiac repolarization in middle-aged and elderly subjects. AIM We examined the relation between these variants and QT interval duration in a population of healthy young adults. METHODS We measured QT interval duration and genotyped rs10494366 T>G (NOS1AP gene, n=1,842) and rs1805123 A>C (KCNH2 gene, n=1,894) in subjects aged 24-39 years. RESULTS The NOS1AP variant was significantly related with heart rate-corrected QT interval duration (QTc). Additive regression model adjusting for age, sex, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, alcohol use, and smoking indicated that the G allele was associated with a 3.2 ms (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.7-4.6 ms, P<0.0001) increase in QTc interval duration for each additional copy. The KCNH2 variant was not significantly related with QTc interval duration in the study sample. CONCLUSION These findings provide evidence from a population of healthy young adults that a common variation in the NOS1AP gene influences cardiac repolarization within the normal physiological range. Further studies are warranted to investigate the effects of this variant on sudden cardiac death and ventricular arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olli T Raitakari
- Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Turku, Finland.
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Dawson TA, Li D, Woodward T, Barber Z, Wang L, Paterson DJ. Cardiac cholinergic NO-cGMP signaling following acute myocardial infarction and nNOS gene transfer. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2008; 295:H990-H998. [PMID: 18621854 PMCID: PMC2544496 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00492.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2008] [Accepted: 07/03/2008] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is associated with oxidative stress, which may cause cardiac autonomic impairment. We tested the hypothesis that acute MI disrupts cardiac cholinergic signaling by impairing nitric oxide (NO)-cGMP modulation of acetylcholine (ACh) release and whether the restoration of this pathway following cardiac neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) gene transfer had any bearing on the neural phenotype. Guinea pigs underwent four ligature coronary artery surgery (n = 50) under general anesthesia to induce MI or sham surgery (n = 32). In a separate group, at the time of MI surgery, adenovirus encoding nNOS (n = 29) or enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP; n = 30) was injected directly into the right atria, where the postganglionic cholinergic neurons reside. In vitro-evoked right atrial [3H]ACh release, right atrial NOS activity, and cGMP levels were measured at 3 days. Post-MI 24% of guinea pigs died compared with 9% in the sham-operated group. Evoked right atrial [3H]ACh release was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in the MI group as was NOS activity and cGMP levels. Tetrahydrobiopterin levels were not significantly different between the sham and MI groups. Infarct sizes between gene-transferred groups were not significantly different. The nNOS transduced group had significantly increased right atrial [3H]ACh release, right atrial NOS activity, cGMP levels, and decreased cAMP levels. Fourteen percent of the nNOS transduced animals died compared with 31% mortality in the MI + eGFP group at 3 days. In conclusion, cardiac nNOS gene transfer partially restores the defective NO-cGMP cholinergic pathway post-MI, which was associated with a trend of improved survival at 3 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Dawson
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Bldg., Parks Rd., Oxford, OX1-3PT UK.
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Hinova-Palova D, Edelstein L, Paloff A, Hristov S, Papantchev V, Ovtscharoff W. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase immunopositive neurons in cat claustrum—a light and electron microscopic study. J Mol Histol 2008; 39:447-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s10735-008-9184-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2008] [Accepted: 07/15/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Physiological implications of the interaction between the plasma membrane calcium pump and nNOS. Pflugers Arch 2008; 457:665-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-008-0455-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2007] [Revised: 01/07/2008] [Accepted: 01/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Patel VH, Brack KE, Coote JH, Ng GA. A novel method of measuring nitric-oxide-dependent fluorescence using 4,5-diaminofluorescein (DAF-2) in the isolated Langendorff-perfused rabbit heart. Pflugers Arch 2008; 456:635-45. [PMID: 18180949 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-007-0440-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2007] [Accepted: 12/20/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
4,5-Diaminofluorescein (DAF-2) has been used to measure nitric oxide (NO) activity from a variety of preparations. The aim of this study was to develop a method to assess changes in NO fluorescence using DAF-2 in isolated rabbit hearts (2.0-2.5 kg, n = 8). Hearts were perfused in constant flow Langendorff mode and instrumented to record aortic perfusion pressure, left ventricular pressure and left ventricular epicardial fluorescence using a bifurcated light guide at excitation wavelengths of 470 +/- 10, 480 +/- 10, 490 +/- 10 and 500 +/- 10 nm collected at 535 nm. DAF-2 DA was loaded using a single bolus 150-microl (1 micromol) injection. Changes in NO-dependent fluorescence were determined using the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP: 100 microM), NO-dependent vasodilator bradykinin (BK: 100 microM) and non-specific NO synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine (LNA: 200 microM) before and after loading hearts with DAF-2 DA. Before loading, these agents did not alter epicardial fluorescence. After loading, SNP, BK and LNA produced a consistent change in each excitation wavelength. Together, this suggests that change in fluorescence represents changes in the level of NO. SNP and BK increased whilst LNA significantly decreased left ventricular epicardial NO-dependent fluorescence. At the excitation wavelength of 490 nm, SNP and BK increased fluorescence by 104.7 +/- 18.7 mV (1.1 +/- 0.2%) and 150.7 +/- 26.1 mV (1.5 +/- 0.3%) respectively, whilst LNA significantly decreased fluorescence by 90.3 +/- 17.0 mV (-0.9 +/- 0.2%). Changing the rate of aortic perfusion did not alter fluorescence suggesting that changes in aortic perfusion pressure per se do not contribute to the changes in DAF-2 fluorescence seen with SNP, BK or LNA. Our data suggest that DAF-2 DA is a useful fluorescence indicator for measuring NO activity in isolated hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanlata H Patel
- Cardiology Group, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Clinical Sciences Wing, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
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40
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Fleming I. Biology of Nitric Oxide Synthases. Microcirculation 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-374530-9.00003-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Kellogg DL, Zhao JL, Wu Y. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase control mechanisms in the cutaneous vasculature of humans in vivo. J Physiol 2007; 586:847-57. [PMID: 18048451 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2007.144642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological roles of constitutively expressed nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms in humans, in vivo, are unknown. Cutaneous vasodilatation during both central nervous system-mediated, thermoregulatory reflex responses to whole-body heat stress and during peripheral axon reflex-mediated, local responses to skin warming in humans depend on nitric oxide (NO) generation by constitutively expressed NOS of uncertain isoform. We hypothesized that neuronal NOS (nNOS, NOS I) effects cutaneous vasodilatation during whole-body heat stress, but not during local skin warming. We examined the effects of the nNOS inhibitor 7-nitroindazole (7-NI) administered by intradermal microdialysis on vasodilatation induced by whole-body heat stress or local skin warming. Skin blood flow (SkBF) was monitored by laser-Doppler flowmetry (LDF). Blood pressure (MAP) was monitored and cutaneous vascular conductance calculated (CVC = LDF/MAP). In protocol 1, whole-body heat stress was induced with water-perfused suits. In protocol 2, local skin warming was induced through local warming units at LDF sites. At the end of each protocol, 56 mm sodium nitroprusside was perfused at microdialysis sites to raise SkBF to maximal levels for data normalization. 7-NI significantly attenuated CVC increases during whole-body heat stress (P < 0.05), but had no effect on CVC increases induced by local skin warming (P > 0.05). These diametrically opposite effects of 7-NI on two NO-dependent processes verify selective nNOS antagonism, thus proving that the nNOS isoform affects NO increases and hence vasodilatation during centrally mediated, reflex responses to whole-body heat stress, but not during locally mediated, axon reflex responses to local skin warming. We conclude that the constitutively expressed nNOS isoform has distinct physiological roles in cardiovascular control mechanisms in humans, in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean L Kellogg
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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Crisafulli A, Melis F, Tocco F, Pittau G, Lorrai L, Gori T, Mancardi D, Concu A, Pagliaro P. Delayed preconditioning-mimetic actions of exercise or nitroglycerin do not affect haemodynamics and exercise performance in trained or sedentary individuals. J Sports Sci 2007; 25:1393-401. [PMID: 17786692 DOI: 10.1080/02640410601128914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Nitroglycerin induces the so-called second window of protection (SWOP), which alleviates myocardial damage and stunning after ischaemia/reperfusion. To determine whether myocardial performance during exercise is improved in the second window of protection, we studied the haemodynamic responses of 12 trained and 11 sedentary individuals during a sequence of maximal tests on a cycle ergometer. A baseline test (basal test) was followed by a second effort performed during the second window of protection (exercise-SWOP test). Haemodynamics was also evaluated after pharmacologically induced SWOP 48 h after transdermal administration of 10 mg of nitroglycerin (pharmacologically induced SWOP test). The exercise-SWOP and pharmacologically induced SWOP tests were separated by a 1-week washout period. Endothelial-dependent vasodilatation after nitroglycerin pre-treatment was also assessed in five sedentary individuals to determine whether nitrate donors could affect vascular function. We found that nitroglycerin pre-treatment did not induce any improvement in haemodynamics in either trained or sedentary individuals, since maximum values of workload, heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, myocardial contractility, and double product were similar between the exercise-SWOP and pharmacologically induced SWOP tests in both groups. Furthermore, nitroglycerin pre-treatment did not alter flow-mediated dilation during pharmacologically induced SWOP. Although nitroglycerin pre-treatment alleviates post-ischaemic myocardial stunning, our results suggest that it does not affect the myocardial performance of healthy individuals during exercise performed in the second window of protection, independently of the training status of the individuals. Moreover, nitroglycerin pre-treatment does not ameliorate endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Crisafulli
- Department of Sciences Applied to Biological Systems, Section of Human Physiology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Stuckey BGA, Walsh JP, Ching HL, Stuckey AW, Palmer NR, Thompson PL, Watts GF. Erectile dysfunction predicts generalised cardiovascular disease: Evidence from a case–control study. Atherosclerosis 2007; 194:458-64. [PMID: 16989839 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2006] [Revised: 08/06/2006] [Accepted: 08/23/2006] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine whether idiopathic erectile dysfunction, in the absence of overt cardiovascular disease or cardiovascular risk factors, is associated with vascular or autonomic dysfunction. METHODS We studied 49 men with ED (without known cardiovascular risk factors or disease) and 50 age-matched controls, aged 40-70 years. Macrovascular endothelial function was examined by brachial artery ultrasonography and microvascular function by venous occlusion plethysmography. Blood pressure measurement and electrocardiography were performed lying and standing, and the 30:15 RR ratio calculated. RESULTS Body mass index, testosterone, fasting lipids and glucose did not differ significantly between groups. Standing pulse pressure was higher (50+/-1mm Hg versus 43+/-2mm Hg, p<0.004) and 30:15 RR ratio lower (0.97+/-0.01 versus 1.01+/-0.01, p<0.02) in the ED group. Flow-mediated dilatation of the brachial artery was not significantly different between groups. Flow debt repayment during forearm reactive hyperaemia was lower in the ED group (7.2+/-0.7 ml versus 9.5+/-0.8 ml per 100ml, p<0.02) than in controls. CONCLUSIONS Men with idiopathic ED have evidence of endothelial dysfunction in forearm resistance vessels, increased pulse pressure and impaired heart rate variability. This supports the concept that erectile dysfunction is a predictor of cardiovascular dysfunction and a precursor of clinical cardiovascular disease.
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Adams JA, Wu D, Bassuk J, Arias J, Lozano H, Kurlansky P, Lamas GA. Nitric oxide synthase isoform inhibition before whole body ischemia reperfusion in pigs: Vital or protective? Resuscitation 2007; 74:516-25. [PMID: 17466432 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2007.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2007] [Revised: 02/06/2007] [Accepted: 02/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitric oxide (NO) is a critical regulator of vascular tone, and signal transduction. NO is produced via three unique synthases (NOS); endothelial (eNOS), and neuronal (nNOS) are both constitutively expressed and inducible (iNOS) produced primarily after stimulation. NO has been implicated during and after ischemia reperfusion injury as both a detrimental and cardioprotective mediator. Since cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in ventricular fibrillation (VF) is a model of whole body ischemia reperfusion injury, it provides an opportunity to assess the effects of NO from the three NOS isoforms. OBJECTIVE To determine the differential role of nitric oxide synthase isoforms inhibition in ventricular fibrillation CPR and investigate whether inhibition of the NOS isoforms afford any cardioprotection in this model. METHODS Thirty-two pigs, weight range 25-35 kg, were assigned to four groups of eight animals each. The animals were randomized to receive (1) N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (LNAME), a non-selective endothelial nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, (2) 1-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl) imidazole (TRIM), a selective neuronal NOS inhibitor, (3) aminoguanidine (AMINOG), a selective inducible NOS inhibitor or (4) saline control (Control) in equal volumes, 30 min before induction of ventricular fibrillation (VF). After 3 min VF with no intervention, the animals received standard chest compressions using an automated chest compression device (Thumper) for 15 min. After 18 min of VF, single doses of vasopressin and bicarbonate were given and defibrillation attempted. Hemodynamics, regional blood flows, and echocardiography and were performed, before and after drug infusion, during CPR, and after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). RESULTS ROSC for 3 h occurred in 5/8 (63%), 1/8 (13%), 0/8 (0%), and 6/8 (75%) in Control, LNAME, TRIM, and AMINOG treated animals, respectively. After infusion of LNAME, there was a significant increase from baseline in blood pressure [127+/-6 mmHg versus 169+/-3 mmHg, p<0.002] and coronary perfusion pressure [119+/-6 mmHg versus 149+/-6 mmHg, p<0.003]. During CPR, there were no differences among groups in hemodynamics or regional blood flow. In surviving animals, AMINOG had significantly better myocardial function (left ventricular ejection fraction, fractional shortening, and wall motion score index) than control or LNAME treated animals, and attenuated the post-resuscitation hyperemic response in heart and brain. CONCLUSIONS Intact basal nNOS activity is vital for survival from whole body ischemia reperfusion injury. iNOS inhibition prior to ischemia reperfusion, protects myocardial function after ROSC and decreases myocardial and brain hyperemic response after ROSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Adams
- Division of Neonatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, United States.
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Rastaldo R, Pagliaro P, Cappello S, Penna C, Mancardi D, Westerhof N, Losano G. Nitric oxide and cardiac function. Life Sci 2007; 81:779-93. [PMID: 17707439 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2007.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2007] [Revised: 07/16/2007] [Accepted: 07/18/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) participates in the control of contractility and heart rate, limits cardiac remodeling after an infarction and contributes to the protective effect of ischemic pre- and postconditioning. Low concentrations of NO, with production of small amounts of cGMP, inhibit phosphodiesterase III, thus preventing the hydrolysis of cAMP. The subsequent activation of a protein-kinase A causes the opening of sarcolemmal voltage-operated and sarcoplasmic ryanodin receptor Ca(2+) channels, thus increasing myocardial contractility. High concentrations of NO induce the production of larger amounts of cGMP which are responsible for a cardiodepression in response to an activation of protein kinase G (PKG) with blockade of sarcolemmal Ca(2+) channels. NO is also involved in reduced contractile response to adrenergic stimulation in heart failure. A reduction of heart rate is an evident effect of NO-synthase (NOS) inhibition. It is noteworthy that the direct effect of NOS inhibition can be altered if baroreceptors are stimulated by increases in blood pressure. Finally, NO can limit the deleterious effects of cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction possibly via the cGMP pathway. The protective effect of NO is mainly mediated by the guanylyl cyclase-cGMP pathway resulting in activation of PKG with opening of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels and inhibition of the mitochondrial permeability transition pores. NO acting on heart is produced by vascular and endocardial endothelial NOS, as well as neuronal and inducible synthases. In particular, while in the basal control of contractility, endothelial synthase has a predominant role, the inducible isoform is mainly responsible for the cardiodepression in septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rastaldo
- Department of Neurosciences, Physiology Division, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
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Bereczki E, Gonda S, Csont T, Korpos E, Zvara A, Ferdinandy P, Santha M. Overexpression of biglycan in the heart of transgenic mice: an antibody microarray study. J Proteome Res 2007; 6:854-61. [PMID: 17269742 DOI: 10.1021/pr060571b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Biglycan, a small leucine rich proteoglycan, is expressed in almost every tissue of the body, mainly in the extracellular matrix of connective tissues. Although there is an increasing amount of data on the biological role of biglycan protein, its function is still poorly understood. We aimed to gather more information about the biological function of biglycan protein in the cardiac tissues, and its role in signal transduction. Therefore, we generated transgenic mice overexpressing the human biglycan protein and analyzed the cardiac protein profile of transgenic offsprings using quantitative real-time (QRT)-PCR and proteomics. QRT-PCR results showed that most members of extracellular matrix were downregulated whereas cadherins, TGF-beta1, and TGF-beta2 were upregulated. Antibody microarrayer experiment revealed that pyk2, RAF-1, Mcl-1, syntrophin, calmodulin, isoforms of NOS protein family (eNOS, nNOS, and iNOS), and synaptotagmin proteins were unambiguously upregulated in the heart of biglycan transgenic mice. In this study we show that biglycan directly or indirectly activates proteins involved in cardiac remodeling (TGF-beta, pyk2), signal transduction (RAF-1, Mcl-1, syntrophin, calmodulin, nNOS p38MAPK and MAP kinases), cardioprotection (NOS family, TGF-beta) and Ca++ signaling (connexin, calmodulin, synaptotagmin). On the basis of the results presented here, we conclude that biglycan is a multifunctional extracellular protein that has a pivotal role in pathological remodeling of cardiac tissue and mediates cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Bereczki
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary
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Wu D, Bassuk J, Arias J, Kurlansky P, Lozano H, Lamas G, Adams JA. Different roles of nitric oxide synthase isoforms in cardiopulmonary resuscitation in pigs. Resuscitation 2007; 73:144-53. [PMID: 17316954 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2006.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2006] [Revised: 07/27/2006] [Accepted: 07/28/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to identify the roles of the three nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms on whole body ischemia-reperfusion injury during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) with periodic acceleration (pGz) in pigs. Thirty-two anesthetized pigs (27.6+/-3.4 kg) were monitored for hemodynamics and selected echocardiographic variables. Twenty minutes after NOS inhibition or placebo administration, ventricular fibrillation (VF) was induced and remained untreated for 3 min, followed by CPR with pGz for 15 min, plus 3 min of manual chest compressions and defibrillation attempt. Four groups were studied: (1) saline control; (2) L-NAME (non-selective NOS inhibitor); (3) aminoguanidine (inducible NOS inhibitor); (4) TRIM (neuronal NOS inhibitor). Return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) to 180 min occurred in 6/8 controls, 4/8 L-NAME, 7/8 aminoguanidine, and 2/8 TRIM animals. The L-NAME group had significantly lower organ blood flow, impaired cardiac function, but higher vascular tone than control group. The aminoguanidine group had the highest organ blood flows and survival rate. Six out of eight TRIM treated animals had initial return of heartbeat; however, with impaired heart contractility and could not survive more than 20 min of ROSC. This study reveals the differential role of endogenous NO produced from the three NOS isoforms during pGz-CPR. Both endothelial and neuronal NOS derived NO show predominantly protective effects while inducible NOS derived NO plays a detrimental role in pGz-CPR. The present study has shown that cardiac arrest and resuscitation appears to be associated with a different expression of NOS isoforms which appear to affect resuscitation outcomes differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Wu
- Department of Research, Divisions of Neonatology and Cardiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA.
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Dai T, Tian Y, Tocchetti CG, Katori T, Murphy AM, Kass DA, Paolocci N, Gao WD. Nitroxyl increases force development in rat cardiac muscle. J Physiol 2007; 580:951-60. [PMID: 17331988 PMCID: PMC2075441 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2007.129254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Donors of nitroxyl (HNO), the reduced congener of nitric oxide (NO), exert positive cardiac inotropy/lusitropy in vivo and in vitro, due in part to their enhancement of Ca(2+) cycling into and out of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Here we tested whether the cardiac action of HNO further involves changes in myofilament-calcium interaction. Intact rat trabeculae from the right ventricle were mounted between a force transducer and a motor arm, superfused with Krebs-Henseleit (K-H) solution (pH 7.4, room temperature) and loaded iontophoretically with fura-2 to determine [Ca(2+)](i). Sarcomere length was set at 2.2-2.3 microm. HNO donated by Angeli's salt (AS; Na(2)N(2)O(3)) dose-dependently increased both twitch force and [Ca(2+)](i) transients (from 50 to 1000 microm). Force increased more than [Ca(2+)](i) transients, especially at higher doses (332 +/- 33% versus 221 +/- 27%, P < 0.01 at 1000 microm). AS/HNO (250 microm) increased developed force without changing Ca(2+) transients at any given [Ca(2+)](o) (0.5-2.0 mm). During steady-state activation, AS/HNO (250 microm) increased maximal Ca(2+)-activated force (F(max), 106.8 +/- 4.3 versus 86.7 +/- 4.2 mN mm(-2), n = 7-8, P < 0.01) without affecting Ca(2+) required for 50% activation (Ca(50), 0.44 +/- 0.04 versus 0.52 +/- 0.04 microm, not significant) or the Hill coefficient (4.75 +/- 0.67 versus 5.02 +/- 1.1, not significant). AS/HNO did not alter myofibrillar Mg-ATPase activity, supporting an effect on the myofilaments themselves. The thiol reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT, 5.0 mm) both prevented and reversed HNO action, confirming AS/HNO redox sensitivity. Lastly, NO (from DEA/NO) did not mimic AS/HNO cardiac effects. Thus, in addition to reported changes in Ca(2+) cycling, HNO also acts as a cardiac Ca(2+) sensitizer, augmenting maximal force without altering actomyosin ATPase activity. This is likely to be due to modulation of myofilament proteins that harbour reactive thiolate groups that are targets of HNO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tieying Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Tower 711, 600 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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Burkard N, Rokita AG, Kaufmann SG, Hallhuber M, Wu R, Hu K, Hofmann U, Bonz A, Frantz S, Cartwright EJ, Neyses L, Maier LS, Maier SKG, Renné T, Schuh K, Ritter O. Conditional neuronal nitric oxide synthase overexpression impairs myocardial contractility. Circ Res 2007; 100:e32-44. [PMID: 17272813 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.0000259042.04576.6a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The role of the neuronal NO synthase (nNOS or NOS1) enzyme in the control of cardiac function still remains unclear. Results from nNOS(-/-) mice or from pharmacological inhibition of nNOS are contradictory and do not pay tribute to the fact that probably spatial confinement of the nNOS enzyme is of major importance. We hypothesize that the close proximity of nNOS and certain effector molecules like L-type Ca(2+)-channels has an impact on myocardial contractility. To test this, we generated a new transgenic mouse model allowing conditional, myocardial specific nNOS overexpression. Western blot analysis of transgenic nNOS overexpression showed a 6-fold increase in nNOS protein expression compared with noninduced littermates (n=12; P<0.01). Measuring of total NOS activity by conversion of [(3)H]-l-arginine to [(3)H]-l-citrulline showed a 30% increase in nNOS overexpressing mice (n=18; P<0.05). After a 2 week induction, nNOS overexpression mice showed reduced myocardial contractility. In vivo examinations of the nNOS overexpressing mice revealed a 17+/-3% decrease of +dp/dt(max) compared with noninduced mice (P<0.05). Likewise, ejection fraction was reduced significantly (42% versus 65%; n=15; P<0.05). Interestingly, coimmunoprecipitation experiments indicated interaction of nNOS with SR Ca(2+)ATPase and additionally with L-type Ca(2+)- channels in nNOS overexpressing animals. Accordingly, in adult isolated cardiac myocytes, I(Ca,L) density was significantly decreased in the nNOS overexpressing cells. Intracellular Ca(2+)-transients and fractional shortening in cardiomyocytes were also clearly impaired in nNOS overexpressing mice versus noninduced littermates. In conclusion, conditional myocardial specific overexpression of nNOS in a transgenic animal model reduced myocardial contractility. We suggest that nNOS might suppress the function of L-type Ca(2+)-channels and in turn reduces Ca(2+)-transients which accounts for the negative inotropic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Burkard
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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Papantchev V, Paloff A, Hinova-Palova D, Hristov S, Todorova D, Ovtscharoff W. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase immunopositive neurons in cat vestibular complex: a light and electron microscopic study. J Mol Histol 2006; 37:343-52. [PMID: 17120106 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-006-9061-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2006] [Accepted: 09/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide is a unique neurotransmitter, which participates in many physiological and pathological processes in the organism. Nevertheless, there are little data about the neuronal nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity (nNOS-ir) in the vestibular complex of a cat. In this respect, the aims of this study were to: (1) demonstrate nNOS-ir in the neurons and fibers, from all major and accessory vestibular nuclei; (2) describe their light microscopic morphology and distribution; (3) investigate and analyze the ultrastructure of the NOS I-immunopositive neurons, fibers, and synaptic boutons. For demonstration of the nNOS-ir, the peroxidase-antiperoxidase-diaminobenzidin method was applied. Immunopositive for nNOS neurons and fibers were present in all major and accessory vestibular nuclei. On the light microscope level, the immunopositive neurons were different in shape and size. According to the latter, they were divided into four groups--small (with diameter less than 15 microm), medium-sized (with diameter from 15 to 30 microm), large type I (with diameter from 30 to 40 microm), and large type II (with diameter greater than 40 microm). On the electron microscope level, the immunoproduct was observed in neurons, dendrites, and terminal boutons. According to the ultrastructural features, the neurons were divided into three groups--small (with diameter less than 15 microm), medium-sized (with diameter from 15 to 30 microm), and large (with diameter greater than 30 microm). At least two types of nNOS-ir synaptic boutons were easily distinguished. As a conclusion, we hope that this study will contribute to a better understanding of the functioning of the vestibular complex in cat and that some of the data presented could be extrapolated to other mammals, including human.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Papantchev
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Medical University, Sofia 1431, Bulgaria.
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