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Rolls ET, Treves A. A theory of hippocampal function: New developments. Prog Neurobiol 2024; 238:102636. [PMID: 38834132 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2024.102636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
We develop further here the only quantitative theory of the storage of information in the hippocampal episodic memory system and its recall back to the neocortex. The theory is upgraded to account for a revolution in understanding of spatial representations in the primate, including human, hippocampus, that go beyond the place where the individual is located, to the location being viewed in a scene. This is fundamental to much primate episodic memory and navigation: functions supported in humans by pathways that build 'where' spatial view representations by feature combinations in a ventromedial visual cortical stream, separate from those for 'what' object and face information to the inferior temporal visual cortex, and for reward information from the orbitofrontal cortex. Key new computational developments include the capacity of the CA3 attractor network for storing whole charts of space; how the correlations inherent in self-organizing continuous spatial representations impact the storage capacity; how the CA3 network can combine continuous spatial and discrete object and reward representations; the roles of the rewards that reach the hippocampus in the later consolidation into long-term memory in part via cholinergic pathways from the orbitofrontal cortex; and new ways of analysing neocortical information storage using Potts networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund T Rolls
- Oxford Centre for Computational Neuroscience, Oxford, UK; Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
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2
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Xiao W, Sharma S, Kreiman G, Livingstone MS. Feature-selective responses in macaque visual cortex follow eye movements during natural vision. Nat Neurosci 2024; 27:1157-1166. [PMID: 38684892 PMCID: PMC11156562 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-024-01631-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
In natural vision, primates actively move their eyes several times per second via saccades. It remains unclear whether, during this active looking, visual neurons exhibit classical retinotopic properties, anticipate gaze shifts or mirror the stable quality of perception, especially in complex natural scenes. Here, we let 13 monkeys freely view thousands of natural images across 4.6 million fixations, recorded 883 h of neuronal responses in six areas spanning primary visual to anterior inferior temporal cortex and analyzed spatial, temporal and featural selectivity in these responses. Face neurons tracked their receptive field contents, indicated by category-selective responses. Self-consistency analysis showed that general feature-selective responses also followed eye movements and remained gaze-dependent over seconds of viewing the same image. Computational models of feature-selective responses located retinotopic receptive fields during free viewing. We found limited evidence for feature-selective predictive remapping and no viewing-history integration. Thus, ventral visual neurons represent the world in a predominantly eye-centered reference frame during natural vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Will Xiao
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Saloni Sharma
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gabriel Kreiman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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3
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Satish A, Keller VG, Raza S, Fitzpatrick S, Horner AJ. Theta and alpha oscillations in human hippocampus and medial parietal cortex support the formation of location-based representations. Hippocampus 2024; 34:284-301. [PMID: 38520305 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Our ability to navigate in a new environment depends on learning new locations. Mental representations of locations are quickly accessible during navigation and allow us to know where we are regardless of our current viewpoint. Recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) research using pattern classification has shown that these location-based representations emerge in the retrosplenial cortex and parahippocampal gyrus, regions theorized to be critically involved in spatial navigation. However, little is currently known about the oscillatory dynamics that support the formation of location-based representations. We used magnetoencephalogram (MEG) recordings to investigate region-specific oscillatory activity in a task where participants could form location-based representations. Participants viewed videos showing that two perceptually distinct scenes (180° apart) belonged to the same location. This "overlap" video allowed participants to bind the two distinct scenes together into a more coherent location-based representation. Participants also viewed control "non-overlap" videos where two distinct scenes from two different locations were shown, where no location-based representation could be formed. In a post-video behavioral task, participants successfully matched the two viewpoints shown in the overlap videos, but not the non-overlap videos, indicating they successfully learned the locations in the overlap condition. Comparing oscillatory activity between the overlap and non-overlap videos, we found greater theta and alpha/beta power during the overlap relative to non-overlap videos, specifically at time-points when we expected scene integration to occur. These oscillations localized to regions in the medial parietal cortex (precuneus and retrosplenial cortex) and the medial temporal lobe, including the hippocampus. Therefore, we find that theta and alpha/beta oscillations in the hippocampus and medial parietal cortex are likely involved in the formation of location-based representations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akul Satish
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, UK
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Sumaiyah Raza
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, UK
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Aidan J Horner
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, UK
- York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, UK
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Rueda-García V, Rondón-Barragán IS. Molecular Characterization of Neurogranin (NRGN) Gene from Red‑Bellied Pacu (Piaractus brachypomus). Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:2620-2630. [PMID: 37922064 PMCID: PMC11043121 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03700-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
Neurogranin (NRGN) is a small brain protein expressed in various telencephalic areas and plays an essential role in synaptic plasticity by regulating the availability of calmodulin (CaM). The study aims to characterize the neurogranin gene in Colombian native fish, red-bellied pacu, Piaractus brachypomus, its basal tissue expression and differential expression in brain injury and sublethal toxicity by organophosphates. NRGN gene contains an open reading frame of 183 nucleotides encoding for 60 amino acids. Bioinformatics analysis showed an IQ motif necessary in the interaction with CaM. NRGN mRNA was detected in tissues with higher expression in brain, gills, and head kidney. In brain regions, NRGN showed high expression in the telencephalon (TE) and olfactory bulb (OB). In the sublethal toxicity experiment, NRGN mRNA was upregulated in individuals under organophosphate exposure in the OB and optic chiasm (OC). In brain injury experiment, NRGN showed upregulation at 14 days in OC and at 24 h and 7 days in TE. These findings demonstrate the differential expression of NRGN under different experimental conditions which make it a candidate for a biomarker in the brain of P. brachypomus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Rueda-García
- Research Group in Immunobiology and Pathogenesis, Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Universidad del Tolima, Building 33 L105, 730002, Ibagué, Tolima, Colombia
| | - Iang Schroniltgen Rondón-Barragán
- Research Group in Immunobiology and Pathogenesis, Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Universidad del Tolima, Building 33 L105, 730002, Ibagué, Tolima, Colombia.
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Rolls ET. Two what, two where, visual cortical streams in humans. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 160:105650. [PMID: 38574782 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
ROLLS, E. T. Two What, Two Where, Visual Cortical Streams in Humans. NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV REV 2024. Recent cortical connectivity investigations lead to new concepts about 'What' and 'Where' visual cortical streams in humans, and how they connect to other cortical systems. A ventrolateral 'What' visual stream leads to the inferior temporal visual cortex for object and face identity, and provides 'What' information to the hippocampal episodic memory system, the anterior temporal lobe semantic system, and the orbitofrontal cortex emotion system. A superior temporal sulcus (STS) 'What' visual stream utilising connectivity from the temporal and parietal visual cortex responds to moving objects and faces, and face expression, and connects to the orbitofrontal cortex for emotion and social behaviour. A ventromedial 'Where' visual stream builds feature combinations for scenes, and provides 'Where' inputs via the parahippocampal scene area to the hippocampal episodic memory system that are also useful for landmark-based navigation. The dorsal 'Where' visual pathway to the parietal cortex provides for actions in space, but also provides coordinate transforms to provide inputs to the parahippocampal scene area for self-motion update of locations in scenes in the dark or when the view is obscured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund T Rolls
- Oxford Centre for Computational Neuroscience, Oxford, UK; Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200403, China.
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6
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Mertens EJ, Leibner Y, Pie J, Galakhova AA, Waleboer F, Meijer J, Heistek TS, Wilbers R, Heyer D, Goriounova NA, Idema S, Verhoog MB, Kalmbach BE, Lee BR, Gwinn RP, Lein ES, Aronica E, Ting J, Mansvelder HD, Segev I, de Kock CPJ. Morpho-electric diversity of human hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114100. [PMID: 38607921 PMCID: PMC11106460 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal pyramidal neuron activity underlies episodic memory and spatial navigation. Although extensively studied in rodents, extremely little is known about human hippocampal pyramidal neurons, even though the human hippocampus underwent strong evolutionary reorganization and shows lower theta rhythm frequencies. To test whether biophysical properties of human Cornu Amonis subfield 1 (CA1) pyramidal neurons can explain observed rhythms, we map the morpho-electric properties of individual CA1 pyramidal neurons in human, non-pathological hippocampal slices from neurosurgery. Human CA1 pyramidal neurons have much larger dendritic trees than mouse CA1 pyramidal neurons, have a large number of oblique dendrites, and resonate at 2.9 Hz, optimally tuned to human theta frequencies. Morphological and biophysical properties suggest cellular diversity along a multidimensional gradient rather than discrete clustering. Across the population, dendritic architecture and a large number of oblique dendrites consistently boost memory capacity in human CA1 pyramidal neurons by an order of magnitude compared to mouse CA1 pyramidal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline J Mertens
- Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yoni Leibner
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Jean Pie
- Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anna A Galakhova
- Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Femke Waleboer
- Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Julia Meijer
- Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tim S Heistek
- Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - René Wilbers
- Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Djai Heyer
- Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Natalia A Goriounova
- Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sander Idema
- Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam 1081 HV, the Netherlands
| | - Matthijs B Verhoog
- Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Brian R Lee
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ryder P Gwinn
- Epilepsy Surgery and Functional Neurosurgery, Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, WA 98122, USA
| | - Ed S Lein
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jonathan Ting
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Huibert D Mansvelder
- Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Idan Segev
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
| | - Christiaan P J de Kock
- Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Zeng YF, Yang KX, Cui Y, Zhu XN, Li R, Zhang H, Wu DC, Stevens RC, Hu J, Zhou N. Conjunctive encoding of exploratory intentions and spatial information in the hippocampus. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3221. [PMID: 38622129 PMCID: PMC11018604 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47570-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus creates a cognitive map of the external environment by encoding spatial and self-motion-related information. However, it is unclear whether hippocampal neurons could also incorporate internal cognitive states reflecting an animal's exploratory intention, which is not driven by rewards or unexpected sensory stimuli. In this study, a subgroup of CA1 neurons was found to encode both spatial information and animals' investigatory intentions in male mice. These neurons became active before the initiation of exploration behaviors at specific locations and were nearly silent when the same fields were traversed without exploration. Interestingly, this neuronal activity could not be explained by object features, rewards, or mismatches in environmental cues. Inhibition of the lateral entorhinal cortex decreased the activity of these cells during exploration. Our findings demonstrate that hippocampal neurons may bridge external and internal signals, indicating a potential connection between spatial representation and intentional states in the construction of internal navigation systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Zeng
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Ke-Xin Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yilong Cui
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Xiao-Na Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Rui Li
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Hanqing Zhang
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Dong Chuan Wu
- Neuroscience and Brain Disease Center, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung City, 404333, Taiwan
- Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, 404333, Taiwan
| | - Raymond C Stevens
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Ji Hu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Ning Zhou
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
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8
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Coppola VJ, Scribner HR, Barnett C, Flanigan KAS, Riesgo VR, Bingman VP. Age-related reductions in whole brain mass and telencephalon volume in very old white Carneau pigeons (Columba livia). Neurosci Lett 2024; 828:137754. [PMID: 38556244 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
While studies have identified age-related cognitive impairment in pigeons (Columba livia), no study has detected the brain atrophy which typically accompanies cognitive impairment in older mammals. Instead, Coppola and Bingman (Aging is associated with larger brain mass and volume in homing pigeons (Columba livia), Neurosci. Letters 698 (2019) 39-43) reported increased whole brain mass and telencephalon volume in older, compared to younger, homing pigeons. One reason for this unexpected finding might be that the older pigeons studied were not old enough to display age-related brain atrophy. Therefore, the current study repeated Coppola and Bingman, but with a sample of older white Carneau pigeons that were on average 5.34 years older. Brains from young and old homing pigeons were weighed and orthogonal measurements of the telencephalon, cerebellum, and optic tectum were obtained. Despite having a heavier body mass than younger pigeons, older pigeons had a significant reduction in whole brain mass and telencephalon volume, but not cerebellum or optic tectum volume. This study is therefore the first to find that pigeons experience age-related brain atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent J Coppola
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, University of Findlay, Findlay, OH, USA.
| | - Holden R Scribner
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, University of Findlay, Findlay, OH, USA
| | - Caillie Barnett
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, University of Findlay, Findlay, OH, USA
| | - Kaylyn A S Flanigan
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA; J.P. Scott Center for Neuroscience, Mind, & Behavior, Bowling Green, OH, USA.
| | - Victoria R Riesgo
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA; J.P. Scott Center for Neuroscience, Mind, & Behavior, Bowling Green, OH, USA.
| | - Verner P Bingman
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA; J.P. Scott Center for Neuroscience, Mind, & Behavior, Bowling Green, OH, USA.
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Hu G, Zheng Y, Zhang B, Zhao C, Xu L, Wei J, Jing J, Liu Y, Zeng T, Zhou Y. Histone methyltransferase SETD2 is required for proper hippocampal lamination and neuronal maturation. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar54. [PMID: 38446615 PMCID: PMC11064668 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-12-0492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Proper formation of the hippocampus is crucial for the brain to execute memory and learning functions. However, many questions remain regarding how pyramidal neurons (PNs) of the hippocampus mature and precisely position. Here we revealed that Setd2, the methyltransferase for histone 3 lysine 36 trimethylation (H3K36me3), is essential for the precise localization and maturation of PNs in the hippocampal CA1. The ablation of Setd2 in neural progenitors leads to irregular lamination of the CA1 and increased numbers of PNs in the stratum oriens. Setd2 deletion in postmitotic neurons causes mislocalization and immaturity of CA1 PNs. Transcriptome analyses revealed that SETD2 maintains the expressions of clustered protocadherin (cPcdh) genes. Together, Setd2 is required for proper hippocampal lamination and maturation of CA1 PNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangda Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yue Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Lichao Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jiayi Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jing Jing
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine; Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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Kay K, Biderman N, Khajeh R, Beiran M, Cueva CJ, Shohamy D, Jensen G, Wei XX, Ferrera VP, Abbott LF. Emergent neural dynamics and geometry for generalization in a transitive inference task. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1011954. [PMID: 38662797 PMCID: PMC11125559 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Relational cognition-the ability to infer relationships that generalize to novel combinations of objects-is fundamental to human and animal intelligence. Despite this importance, it remains unclear how relational cognition is implemented in the brain due in part to a lack of hypotheses and predictions at the levels of collective neural activity and behavior. Here we discovered, analyzed, and experimentally tested neural networks (NNs) that perform transitive inference (TI), a classic relational task (if A > B and B > C, then A > C). We found NNs that (i) generalized perfectly, despite lacking overt transitive structure prior to training, (ii) generalized when the task required working memory (WM), a capacity thought to be essential to inference in the brain, (iii) emergently expressed behaviors long observed in living subjects, in addition to a novel order-dependent behavior, and (iv) expressed different task solutions yielding alternative behavioral and neural predictions. Further, in a large-scale experiment, we found that human subjects performing WM-based TI showed behavior inconsistent with a class of NNs that characteristically expressed an intuitive task solution. These findings provide neural insights into a classical relational ability, with wider implications for how the brain realizes relational cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Kay
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Grossman Center for the Statistics of Mind, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Natalie Biderman
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ramin Khajeh
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Manuel Beiran
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Christopher J. Cueva
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Daphna Shohamy
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- The Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Greg Jensen
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Psychology at Reed College, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Xue-Xin Wei
- Departments of Neuroscience and Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Vincent P. Ferrera
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - LF Abbott
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- The Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
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11
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Bracken A, Hauss J, Grinshpun S, Lasc D, Hershkovich A, Yang Y. A profile of spatial abilities in people with Down syndrome. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2024; 68:223-236. [PMID: 38072820 PMCID: PMC10872588 DOI: 10.1111/jir.13111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spatial abilities are fundamental cognitive abilities, have direct applications in daily life, serve as a cognitive foundation for many other complex skills and are used in many specialty jobs. The current study aimed to systematically and comprehensively evaluate the spatial abilities of individuals with Down syndrome (DS) relative to mental ability-matched typically developing (TD) children based on Newcombe and Shipley's double-dimension theoretical framework for classifying spatial abilities. METHODS Forty adolescents and young adults with DS and 40 TD children completed a nonverbal intelligence test (Raven's), two measures of static-extrinsic skills (water-level task and cart task), two measures of static-intrinsic skills (figure ground and form completion), two measures of dynamic-extrinsic skills (three mountains task and dog task) and two measures of dynamic-intrinsic spatial skills (mental rotation task and block design task). RESULTS Participants with DS showed reduced performance on two dynamic-intrinsic tasks and one static-extrinsic task (i.e. cart task) relative to TD children. Performances were similar in two dynamic-extrinsic tasks and two static-intrinsic tasks. Analyses of composite accuracy for each spatial category further confirmed deficits in dynamic-intrinsic and static-extrinsic categories for people with DS relative to TD children. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed an uneven profile of spatial abilities in people with DS relative to ability-matched TD children with particular weaknesses in comprehending and manipulating dynamic-intrinsic and static-extrinsic spatial relations. Furthermore, our research has important clinical implications for more targeted interventions to improve spatial abilities in people with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bracken
- Department of Psychology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA
| | - J Hauss
- Department of Psychology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University - New Brunswick, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - S Grinshpun
- Department of Psychology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA
| | - D Lasc
- Department of Psychology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA
| | - A Hershkovich
- Department of Psychology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA
| | - Y Yang
- Department of Psychology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA
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12
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Pardini S, Gabrielli S, Olivetto S, Fusina F, Dianti M, Forti S, Lancini C, Novara C. Personalized Virtual Reality Compared With Guided Imagery for Enhancing the Impact of Progressive Muscle Relaxation Training: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health 2024; 11:e48649. [PMID: 38289673 PMCID: PMC10871070 DOI: 10.2196/48649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Empirical evidence has shown that virtual reality (VR) scenarios can increase the effects of relaxation techniques, reducing anxiety by enabling people to experience emotional conditions in more vivid settings. OBJECTIVE This pilot randomized controlled study aims to investigate whether the progressive muscle relaxation technique (PMRT) associated with a personalized scenario in VR promotes psychological well-being and facilitates the recall of relaxing images more than the standard complementary intervention that involves the integration of PMRT and guided imagery (GI). METHODS On the basis of a longitudinal, between-subject design, 72 university students were randomly exposed to one of two experimental conditions: (1) standard complementary procedure (PMRT and GI exposure) and (2) experimental procedure (PMRT and personalized VR exposure). Individuals were assessed by a therapist before and after 7 training sessions based on measures investigating anxiety, depression, quality of life, coping strategies, sense of presence, engagement, and side effects related to VR exposure. Heart rate data were also collected. RESULTS Differences in changes between the 2 groups after the in vivo PMRT session conducted by the psychotherapist (T1) were statistically significant for state anxiety (F1,67=30.56; P<.001) and heart rate (F1,67=4.87; P=.01). Individuals in the VR group obtained lower scores both before (t67=-2.63; P=.01; Cohen d=0.91) and after (t67=-7.23; P<.001; Cohen d=2.45) the relaxation session when it was self-administered by participants (T2). A significant reduction in perceived state anxiety at T1 and T2 was observed for both groups (P<.001). After the VR experience, individuals reported feeling higher engagement in the experience than what was mentioned by participants in the GI group (F1,67=2.85; P=.03; ηp2=0.15), and they experienced the environment as more realistic (F1,67=4.38; P=.003; ηp2=0.21). No differences between groups regarding sense of presence were found (F1,67=1.99; P=.11; ηp2=0.11). Individuals exposed before to the VR scenario (T1) referred to perceiving the scenario recalled in-imagination at T2 as more realistic than what those in the GI group experienced (F1,67=3.21; P=.02; ηp2=0.12). The VR group had lower trait anxiety levels than the GI group after the relaxation session during session 7 (T2; t67=-2.43; P=.02). CONCLUSIONS Personalized relaxing VR scenarios can contribute to improving relaxation and decreasing anxiety when integrated with PMRT as a complementary relaxation method. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05478941; https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05478941. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) RR2-10.2196/44183.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Pardini
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Digital Health Research, Centre for Digital Health and Wellbeing, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy
- Human Inspired Technology Research Centre (HIT), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Gabrielli
- Digital Health Research, Centre for Digital Health and Wellbeing, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy
| | - Silvia Olivetto
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Fusina
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Dianti
- Digital Health Research, Centre for Digital Health and Wellbeing, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy
| | - Stefano Forti
- Centre for Digital Health and Wellbeing, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy
| | - Cristina Lancini
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Caterina Novara
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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13
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Banks E, Gutekunst CA, Vargish GA, Eaton A, Pelkey KA, McBain CJ, Zheng JQ, Oláh VJ, Rowan MJM. An enhancer-AAV approach selectively targeting dentate granule cells of the mouse hippocampus. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2024; 4:100684. [PMID: 38211592 PMCID: PMC10831952 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The mammalian brain contains a diverse array of cell types, including dozens of neuronal subtypes with distinct anatomical and functional characteristics. The brain leverages these neuron-type specializations to perform diverse circuit operations and thus execute different behaviors properly. Through the use of Cre lines, access to specific neuron types has improved over past decades. Despite their extraordinary utility, development and cross-breeding of Cre lines is time consuming and expensive, presenting a significant barrier to entry for investigators. Furthermore, cell-based therapeutics developed in Cre mice are not clinically translatable. Recently, several adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors utilizing neuron-type-specific regulatory transcriptional sequences (enhancer-AAVs) were developed that overcome these limitations. Using a publicly available RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) dataset, we evaluated the potential of several candidate enhancers for neuron-type-specific targeting in the hippocampus. Here, we demonstrate that a previously identified enhancer-AAV selectively targets dentate granule cells over other excitatory neuron types in the hippocampus of wild-type adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmie Banks
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; GDBBS Graduate Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Claire-Anne Gutekunst
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Geoffrey A Vargish
- Section on Cellular and Synaptic Physiology, NICHD - Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anna Eaton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth A Pelkey
- Section on Cellular and Synaptic Physiology, NICHD - Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chris J McBain
- Section on Cellular and Synaptic Physiology, NICHD - Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James Q Zheng
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Viktor Janos Oláh
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Matthew J M Rowan
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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14
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Roseman M, Elias U, Kletenik I, Ferguson MA, Fox MD, Horowitz Z, Marshall GA, Spiers HJ, Arzy S. A neural circuit for spatial orientation derived from brain lesions. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhad486. [PMID: 38100330 PMCID: PMC10793567 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
There is disagreement regarding the major components of the brain network supporting spatial cognition. To address this issue, we applied a lesion mapping approach to the clinical phenomenon of topographical disorientation. Topographical disorientation is the inability to maintain accurate knowledge about the physical environment and use it for navigation. A review of published topographical disorientation cases identified 65 different lesion sites. Our lesion mapping analysis yielded a topographical disorientation brain map encompassing the classic regions of the navigation network: medial parietal, medial temporal, and temporo-parietal cortices. We also identified a ventromedial region of the prefrontal cortex, which has been absent from prior descriptions of this network. Moreover, we revealed that the regions mapped are correlated with the Default Mode Network sub-network C. Taken together, this study provides causal evidence for the distribution of the spatial cognitive system, demarking the major components and identifying novel regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moshe Roseman
- Neuropsychiatry Lab, Department of Medical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Hadassah Ein Kerem Campus, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Uri Elias
- Neuropsychiatry Lab, Department of Medical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Hadassah Ein Kerem Campus, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Isaiah Kletenik
- Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Radiology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Division of Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Michael A Ferguson
- Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Radiology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Michael D Fox
- Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Radiology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Zalman Horowitz
- Neuropsychiatry Lab, Department of Medical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Hadassah Ein Kerem Campus, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Gad A Marshall
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Division of Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Hugo J Spiers
- Institute of Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Experimental Psychology, University College London, London WC1H 0AP, United Kingdom
| | - Shahar Arzy
- Neuropsychiatry Lab, Department of Medical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Hadassah Ein Kerem Campus, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
- Department of Neurology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190501, Israel
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15
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Kasai K, Kumagaya SI, Takahashi Y, Sawai Y, Uno A, Kumakura Y, Yamagishi M, Kanehara A, Morita K, Tada M, Satomura Y, Okada N, Koike S, Yagishita S. "World-Informed" Neuroscience for Diversity and Inclusion: An Organizational Change in Cognitive Sciences. Clin EEG Neurosci 2023; 54:560-566. [PMID: 35695218 DOI: 10.1177/15500594221105755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
By nature, humans are "tojisha (participating subjects/player-witnesses)" who encounter an unpredictable real world. An important characteristic of the relationship between the individual brain and the world is that it creates a loop of interaction and mutual formation. However, cognitive sciences have traditionally been based on a model that treats the world as a given constant. We propose incorporating the interaction loop into this model to create "world-informed neuroscience (WIN)". Based on co-productive research with people with minority characteristics that do not match the world, we hypothesize that the tojisha and the world interact in a two-dimensional way of rule-based and story-based. By defining the cognitive process of becoming tojisha in this way, it is possible to contribute to the various issues of the real world and diversity and inclusion through the integration of the humanities and sciences. The critical role of the brain dopamine system as a basis for brain-world interaction and the importance of research on urbanicity and adolescent development as examples of the application of WIN were discussed. The promotion of these studies will require bidirectional translation between human population science and animal cognitive neuroscience. We propose that the social model of disability should be incorporated into cognitive sciences, and that disability-informed innovation is needed to identify how social factors are involved in mismatches that are difficult to visualize. To promote WIN to ultimately contribute to a diverse and inclusive society, co-production of research from the initial stage of research design should be a baseline requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- The International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN) at The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- University of Tokyo Institute for Diversity & Adaptation of Human Mind (UTIDAHM), Tokyo, Japan
- UTokyo Center for Integrative Science of Human Behavior (CiSHuB), Graduate School of Art and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Diversity in Medical Education and Research, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Kumagaya
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takahashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- St Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Sawai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akito Uno
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yousuke Kumakura
- Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mika Yamagishi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Kanehara
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Morita
- Department of Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Tada
- Center for Research on Counseling and Support Services, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Satomura
- Center for Diversity in Medical Education and Research, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohiro Okada
- The International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN) at The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Koike
- The International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN) at The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- University of Tokyo Institute for Diversity & Adaptation of Human Mind (UTIDAHM), Tokyo, Japan
- UTokyo Center for Integrative Science of Human Behavior (CiSHuB), Graduate School of Art and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Yagishita
- Department of Structural Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Smulders TV, Douglas LJ, Reza D, Male LH, Prysce A, Alix A, de Guzman Dodd A, Read JCA. Hoarding titmice predominantly use Familiarity, and not Recollection, when remembering cache locations. Anim Cogn 2023; 26:1929-1943. [PMID: 37865619 PMCID: PMC10769918 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-023-01829-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Scatter-hoarding birds find their caches using spatial memory and have an enlarged hippocampus. Finding a cache site could be achieved using either Recollection (a discrete recalling of previously experienced information) or Familiarity (a feeling of "having encountered something before"). In humans, these two processes can be distinguished using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. ROC curves for olfactory memory in rats have shown the hippocampus is involved in Recollection, but not Familiarity. We test the hypothesis that food-hoarding birds, having a larger hippocampus, primarily use Recollection to find their caches. We validate a novel method of constructing ROC curves in humans and apply this method to cache retrieval by coal tits (Periparus ater). Both humans and birds mainly use Familiarity in finding their caches, with lower contribution of Recollection. This contribution is not significantly different from chance in birds, but a small contribution cannot be ruled out. Memory performance decreases with increasing retention interval in birds. The ecology of food-hoarding Parids makes it plausible that they mainly use Familiarity in the memory for caches. The larger hippocampus could be related to associating cache contents and temporal context with cache locations, rather than Recollection of the spatial information itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom V Smulders
- Centre for Behaviour & Evolution and Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
- School of Psychology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4DR, UK.
| | - Laura J Douglas
- Centre for Behaviour & Evolution and Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Daniel Reza
- School of Psychology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4DR, UK
| | - Lucinda H Male
- Centre for Behaviour & Evolution and Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Alexander Prysce
- School of Psychology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4DR, UK
| | - Amélie Alix
- Centre for Behaviour & Evolution and Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | | | - Jenny C A Read
- Centre for Behaviour & Evolution and Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
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17
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Schwartenbeck P, Baram A, Liu Y, Mark S, Muller T, Dolan R, Botvinick M, Kurth-Nelson Z, Behrens T. Generative replay underlies compositional inference in the hippocampal-prefrontal circuit. Cell 2023; 186:4885-4897.e14. [PMID: 37804832 PMCID: PMC10914680 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Human reasoning depends on reusing pieces of information by putting them together in new ways. However, very little is known about how compositional computation is implemented in the brain. Here, we ask participants to solve a series of problems that each require constructing a whole from a set of elements. With fMRI, we find that representations of novel constructed objects in the frontal cortex and hippocampus are relational and compositional. With MEG, we find that replay assembles elements into compounds, with each replay sequence constituting a hypothesis about a possible configuration of elements. The content of sequences evolves as participants solve each puzzle, progressing from predictable to uncertain elements and gradually converging on the correct configuration. Together, these results suggest a computational bridge between apparently distinct functions of hippocampal-prefrontal circuitry and a role for generative replay in compositional inference and hypothesis testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Schwartenbeck
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany; Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London WC1N 3AR, UK; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
| | - Alon Baram
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Yunzhe Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Shirley Mark
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - Timothy Muller
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Raymond Dolan
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London WC1N 3AR, UK; State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Max Planck University College London Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, University College London, London, UK; Department of Psychiatry, Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Campus Charité Mitte), Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthew Botvinick
- Google DeepMind, London, UK; Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | - Zeb Kurth-Nelson
- Max Planck University College London Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, University College London, London, UK; Google DeepMind, London, UK
| | - Timothy Behrens
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London WC1N 3AR, UK; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; Sainsbury Wellcome Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, UCL, London W1T 4JG, UK
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18
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Geva-Sagiv M, Dimsdale-Zucker HR, Williams AB, Ranganath C. Proximity to boundaries reveals spatial context representation in human hippocampal CA1. Neuropsychologia 2023; 189:108656. [PMID: 37541615 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Recollection of real-world events is often accompanied by a sense of being in the place where the event transpired. Convergent evidence suggests the hippocampus plays a key role in supporting episodic memory by associating information with the time and place it was originally encountered. This representation is reinstated during memory retrieval. However, little is known about the roles of different subfields of the human hippocampus in this process. Research in humans and non-human animal models has suggested that spatial environmental boundaries have a powerful influence on spatial and episodic memory, as well as hippocampal representations of contexts and events. Here, we used high-resolution fMRI to investigate how boundaries influence hippocampal activity patterns during the recollection of objects encountered in different spatial contexts. During the encoding phase, participants viewed objects once in a naturalistic virtual reality task in which they passively explored two rooms in one of two houses. Following the encoding phase, participants were scanned while they recollected items in the absence of any spatial contextual information. Our behavioral results demonstrated that spatial context memory was enhanced for objects encountered near a boundary. Activity patterns in CA1 carried information about the spatial context associated with each of these boundary items. Exploratory analyses revealed that recollection performance was correlated with the fidelity of retrieved spatial context representations in anterior parahippocampal cortex and subiculum. Our results highlight the privileged role of boundaries in CA1 and suggest more generally a close relationship between memory for spatial contexts and representations in the hippocampus and parahippocampal region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Geva-Sagiv
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Halle R Dimsdale-Zucker
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, USA; Department of Psychology, Columbia University, USA
| | | | - Charan Ranganath
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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19
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Parra-Barrero E, Vijayabaskaran S, Seabrook E, Wiskott L, Cheng S. A map of spatial navigation for neuroscience. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 152:105200. [PMID: 37178943 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Spatial navigation has received much attention from neuroscientists, leading to the identification of key brain areas and the discovery of numerous spatially selective cells. Despite this progress, our understanding of how the pieces fit together to drive behavior is generally lacking. We argue that this is partly caused by insufficient communication between behavioral and neuroscientific researchers. This has led the latter to under-appreciate the relevance and complexity of spatial behavior, and to focus too narrowly on characterizing neural representations of space-disconnected from the computations these representations are meant to enable. We therefore propose a taxonomy of navigation processes in mammals that can serve as a common framework for structuring and facilitating interdisciplinary research in the field. Using the taxonomy as a guide, we review behavioral and neural studies of spatial navigation. In doing so, we validate the taxonomy and showcase its usefulness in identifying potential issues with common experimental approaches, designing experiments that adequately target particular behaviors, correctly interpreting neural activity, and pointing to new avenues of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloy Parra-Barrero
- Institute for Neural Computation, Faculty of Computer Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; International Graduate School of Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sandhiya Vijayabaskaran
- Institute for Neural Computation, Faculty of Computer Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Eddie Seabrook
- Institute for Neural Computation, Faculty of Computer Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Laurenz Wiskott
- Institute for Neural Computation, Faculty of Computer Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; International Graduate School of Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sen Cheng
- Institute for Neural Computation, Faculty of Computer Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; International Graduate School of Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
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20
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Maisson DJN, Cervera RL, Voloh B, Conover I, Zambre M, Zimmermann J, Hayden BY. Widespread coding of navigational variables in prefrontal cortex. Curr Biol 2023; 33:3478-3488.e3. [PMID: 37541250 PMCID: PMC10984098 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
To navigate effectively, we must represent information about our location in the environment. Traditional research highlights the role of the hippocampal complex in this process. Spurred by recent research highlighting the widespread cortical encoding of cognitive and motor variables previously thought to have localized function, we hypothesized that navigational variables would be likewise encoded widely, especially in the prefrontal cortex, which is associated with volitional behavior. We recorded neural activity from six prefrontal regions while macaques performed a foraging task in an open enclosure. In all regions, we found strong encoding of allocentric position, allocentric head direction, boundary distance, and linear and angular velocity. These encodings were not accounted for by distance, time to reward, or motor factors. The strength of coding of all variables increased along a ventral-to-dorsal gradient. Together, these results argue that encoding of navigational variables is not localized to the hippocampus and support the hypothesis that navigation is continuous with other forms of flexible cognition in the service of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J-N Maisson
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Center for Neuroengineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Roberto Lopez Cervera
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Center for Neuroengineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Benjamin Voloh
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Center for Neuroengineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Indirah Conover
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Center for Neuroengineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Mrunal Zambre
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Center for Neuroengineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jan Zimmermann
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Center for Neuroengineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Benjamin Y Hayden
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Center for Neuroengineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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21
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Stahn AC, Bucher D, Zu Eulenburg P, Denise P, Smith N, Pagnini F, White O. Paving the way to better understand the effects of prolonged spaceflight on operational performance and its neural bases. NPJ Microgravity 2023; 9:59. [PMID: 37524737 PMCID: PMC10390562 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-023-00295-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Space exploration objectives will soon move from low Earth orbit to distant destinations like Moon and Mars. The present work provides an up-to-date roadmap that identifies critical research gaps related to human behavior and performance in altered gravity and space. The roadmap summarizes (1) key neurobehavioral challenges associated with spaceflight, (2) the need to consider sex as a biological variable, (3) the use of integrative omics technologies to elucidate mechanisms underlying changes in the brain and behavior, and (4) the importance of understanding the neural representation of gravity throughout the brain and its multisensory processing. We then highlight the need for a variety of target-specific countermeasures, and a personalized administration schedule as two critical strategies for mitigating potentially adverse effects of spaceflight on the central nervous system and performance. We conclude with a summary of key priorities for the roadmaps of current and future space programs and stress the importance of new collaborative strategies across agencies and researchers for fostering an integrative cross- and transdisciplinary approach from cells, molecules to neural circuits and cognitive performance. Finally, we highlight that space research in neurocognitive science goes beyond monitoring and mitigating risks in astronauts but could also have significant benefits for the population on Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Stahn
- Unit of Experimental Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Physiology, Berlin, Germany.
| | - D Bucher
- IZN-Neurobiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Zu Eulenburg
- Institute for Neuroradiology & German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - P Denise
- Normandie Univ. UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, CYCERON, Caen, France
| | - N Smith
- Protective Security and Resilience Centre, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - F Pagnini
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - O White
- Université de Bourgogne INSERM-U1093 Cognition, Action, and Sensorimotor Plasticity, Dijon, France.
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22
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Lomi E, Jeffery KJ, Mitchell AS. Convergence of location, direction, and theta in the rat anteroventral thalamic nucleus. iScience 2023; 26:106993. [PMID: 37448560 PMCID: PMC10336163 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The thalamus and cortex are anatomically interconnected, with the thalamus providing integral information for cortical functions. The anteroventral thalamic nucleus (AV) is reciprocally connected to retrosplenial cortex (RSC). Two distinct AV subfields, dorsomedial (AVDM) and ventrolateral (AVVL), project differentially to granular vs. dysgranular RSC, respectively. To probe if functional responses of AV neurons differ, we recorded single neurons and local field potentials from AVDM and AVVL in rats during foraging. We observed place cells (neurons modulated by spatial location) in both AVDM and AVVL. Additionally, we characterized neurons modulated by theta oscillations, heading direction, and a conjunction of these. Place cells and conjunctive Theta-by-Head direction cells were more prevalent in AVVL; more non-conjunctive theta and directional neurons were prevalent in AVDM. These findings add further evidence that there are two thalamocortical circuits connecting AV and RSC, and reveal that the signaling involves place information in addition to direction and theta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Lomi
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, The Tinsley Building, Mansfield Road, OX1 3SR Oxford, UK
| | - Kate J. Jeffery
- School of Psychology & Neuroscience, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 8QB Glasgow, UK
| | - Anna S. Mitchell
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, The Tinsley Building, Mansfield Road, OX1 3SR Oxford, UK
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23
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Parra-Barrero E, Cheng S. Learning to predict future locations with internally generated theta sequences. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011101. [PMID: 37172053 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Representing past, present and future locations is key for spatial navigation. Indeed, within each cycle of the theta oscillation, the population of hippocampal place cells appears to represent trajectories starting behind the current position of the animal and sweeping ahead of it. In particular, we reported recently that the position represented by CA1 place cells at a given theta phase corresponds to the location where animals were or will be located at a fixed time interval into the past or future assuming the animal ran at its typical, not the current, speed through that part of the environment. This coding scheme leads to longer theta trajectories, larger place fields and shallower phase precession in areas where animals typically run faster. Here we present a mechanistic computational model that accounts for these experimental observations. The model consists of a continuous attractor network with short-term synaptic facilitation and depression that internally generates theta sequences that advance at a fixed pace. Spatial locations are then mapped onto the active units via modified Hebbian plasticity. As a result, neighboring units become associated with spatial locations further apart where animals run faster, reproducing our earlier experimental results. The model also accounts for the higher density of place fields generally observed where animals slow down, such as around rewards. Furthermore, our modeling results reveal that an artifact of the decoding analysis might be partly responsible for the observation that theta trajectories start behind the animal's current position. Overall, our results shed light on how the hippocampal code might arise from the interplay between behavior, sensory input and predefined network dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloy Parra-Barrero
- Institute for Neural Computation, Faculty of Computer Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- International Graduate School of Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sen Cheng
- Institute for Neural Computation, Faculty of Computer Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- International Graduate School of Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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24
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Banks E, Gutekunst CA, Vargish GA, Eaton A, Pelkey KA, McBain CJ, Zheng JQ, Oláh VJ, Rowan MJ. A novel enhancer-AAV approach selectively targeting dentate granule cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.03.527045. [PMID: 37214904 PMCID: PMC10197561 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.03.527045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian brain contains the most diverse array of cell types of any organ, including dozens of neuronal subtypes with distinct anatomical and functional characteristics. The brain leverages these neuron-type-specializations to perform diverse circuit operations and thus execute different behaviors properly. Through the use of Cre lines, access to specific neuron types has steadily improved over past decades. Despite their extraordinary utility, development and cross-breeding of Cre lines is time-consuming and expensive, presenting a significant barrier to entry for many investigators. Furthermore, cell-based therapeutics developed in Cre mice are not clinically translatable. Recently, several AAV vectors utilizing neuron-type-specific regulatory transcriptional sequences (enhancer-AAVs) were developed which overcome these limitations. Using a publicly available RNAseq dataset, we evaluated the potential of several candidate enhancers for neuron-type-specific targeting in the hippocampus. Here we identified a promising enhancer-AAV for targeting dentate granule cells and validated its selectivity in wild-type adult mice.
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25
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Zhu SL, Lakshminarasimhan KJ, Angelaki DE. Computational cross-species views of the hippocampal formation. Hippocampus 2023; 33:586-599. [PMID: 37038890 PMCID: PMC10947336 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of place cells and head direction cells in the hippocampal formation of freely foraging rodents has led to an emphasis of its role in encoding allocentric spatial relationships. In contrast, studies in head-fixed primates have additionally found representations of spatial views. We review recent experiments in freely moving monkeys that expand upon these findings and show that postural variables such as eye/head movements strongly influence neural activity in the hippocampal formation, suggesting that the function of the hippocampus depends on where the animal looks. We interpret these results in the light of recent studies in humans performing challenging navigation tasks which suggest that depending on the context, eye/head movements serve one of two roles-gathering information about the structure of the environment (active sensing) or externalizing the contents of internal beliefs/deliberation (embodied cognition). These findings prompt future experimental investigations into the information carried by signals flowing between the hippocampal formation and the brain regions controlling postural variables, and constitute a basis for updating computational theories of the hippocampal system to accommodate the influence of eye/head movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seren L Zhu
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kaushik J Lakshminarasimhan
- Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dora E Angelaki
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York, USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York, New York, USA
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26
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Alexander AS, Robinson JC, Stern CE, Hasselmo ME. Gated transformations from egocentric to allocentric reference frames involving retrosplenial cortex, entorhinal cortex, and hippocampus. Hippocampus 2023; 33:465-487. [PMID: 36861201 PMCID: PMC10403145 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews the recent experimental finding that neurons in behaving rodents show egocentric coding of the environment in a number of structures associated with the hippocampus. Many animals generating behavior on the basis of sensory input must deal with the transformation of coordinates from the egocentric position of sensory input relative to the animal, into an allocentric framework concerning the position of multiple goals and objects relative to each other in the environment. Neurons in retrosplenial cortex show egocentric coding of the position of boundaries in relation to an animal. These neuronal responses are discussed in relation to existing models of the transformation from egocentric to allocentric coordinates using gain fields and a new model proposing transformations of phase coding that differ from current models. The same type of transformations could allow hierarchical representations of complex scenes. The responses in rodents are also discussed in comparison to work on coordinate transformations in humans and non-human primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Alexander
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer C Robinson
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chantal E Stern
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael E Hasselmo
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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27
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Rolls ET. Hippocampal spatial view cells for memory and navigation, and their underlying connectivity in humans. Hippocampus 2023; 33:533-572. [PMID: 36070199 PMCID: PMC10946493 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Hippocampal and parahippocampal gyrus spatial view neurons in primates respond to the spatial location being looked at. The representation is allocentric, in that the responses are to locations "out there" in the world, and are relatively invariant with respect to retinal position, eye position, head direction, and the place where the individual is located. The underlying connectivity in humans is from ventromedial visual cortical regions to the parahippocampal scene area, leading to the theory that spatial view cells are formed by combinations of overlapping feature inputs self-organized based on their closeness in space. Thus, although spatial view cells represent "where" for episodic memory and navigation, they are formed by ventral visual stream feature inputs in the parahippocampal gyrus in what is the parahippocampal scene area. A second "where" driver of spatial view cells are parietal inputs, which it is proposed provide the idiothetic update for spatial view cells, used for memory recall and navigation when the spatial view details are obscured. Inferior temporal object "what" inputs and orbitofrontal cortex reward inputs connect to the human hippocampal system, and in macaques can be associated in the hippocampus with spatial view cell "where" representations to implement episodic memory. Hippocampal spatial view cells also provide a basis for navigation to a series of viewed landmarks, with the orbitofrontal cortex reward inputs to the hippocampus providing the goals for navigation, which can then be implemented by hippocampal connectivity in humans to parietal cortex regions involved in visuomotor actions in space. The presence of foveate vision and the highly developed temporal lobe for object and scene processing in primates including humans provide a basis for hippocampal spatial view cells to be key to understanding episodic memory in the primate and human hippocampus, and the roles of this system in primate including human navigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund T. Rolls
- Oxford Centre for Computational NeuroscienceOxfordUK
- Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of WarwickCoventryUK
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28
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Rook N, Stacho M, Schwarz A, Bingman VP, Güntürkün O. Neuronal circuits within the homing pigeon hippocampal formation. J Comp Neurol 2023; 531:790-813. [PMID: 36808394 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
The current study aimed to reveal in detail patterns of intrahippocampal connectivity in homing pigeons (Columba livia). In light of recent physiological evidence suggesting differences between dorsomedial and ventrolateral hippocampal regions and a hitherto unknown laminar organization along the transverse axis, we also aimed to gain a higher-resolution understanding of the proposed pathway segregation. Both in vivo and high-resolution in vitro tracing techniques were employed and revealed a complex connectivity pattern along the subdivisions of the avian hippocampus. We uncovered connectivity pathways along the transverse axis that started in the dorsolateral hippocampus and continued to the dorsomedial subdivision, from where information was relayed to the triangular region either directly or indirectly via the V-shaped layers. The often-reciprocal connectivity along these subdivisions displayed an intriguing topographical arrangement such that two parallel pathways could be discerned along the ventrolateral (deep) and dorsomedial (superficial) aspects of the avian hippocampus. The segregation along the transverse axis was further supported by expression patterns of the glial fibrillary acidic protein and calbindin. Moreover, we found strong expression of Ca2+ /calmodulin-dependent kinase IIα and doublecortin in the lateral but not medial V-shape layer, indicating a difference between the two V-shaped layers. Overall, our findings provide an unprecedented, detailed description of avian intrahippocampal pathway connectivity, and confirm the recently proposed segregation of the avian hippocampus along the transverse axis. We also provide further support for the hypothesized homology of the lateral V-shape layer and the dorsomedial hippocampus with the dentate gyrus and Ammon's horn of mammals, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Rook
- Department of Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Martin Stacho
- Department of Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ariane Schwarz
- Department of Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Verner P Bingman
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA
- J.P. Scott Center for Neuroscience, Mind and Behavior, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA
| | - Onur Güntürkün
- Department of Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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29
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Gajardo I, Guerra S, Campusano JM. Navigating Like a Fly: Drosophila melanogaster as a Model to Explore the Contribution of Serotonergic Neurotransmission to Spatial Navigation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054407. [PMID: 36901836 PMCID: PMC10002024 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonin is a monoamine that acts in vertebrates and invertebrates as a modulator promoting changes in the structure and activity of brain areas relevant to animal behavior, ranging from sensory perception to learning and memory. Whether serotonin contributes in Drosophila to human-like cognitive abilities, including spatial navigation, is an issue little studied. Like in vertebrates, the serotonergic system in Drosophila is heterogeneous, meaning that distinct serotonergic neurons/circuits innervate specific fly brain regions to modulate precise behaviors. Here we review the literature that supports that serotonergic pathways modify different aspects underlying the formation of navigational memories in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Gajardo
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Departamento de Neurociencia, Instituto Milenio de Neurociencia Biomédica (BNI), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Simón Guerra
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Jorge M. Campusano
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-2-2354-2133
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30
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Ma X, Zheng C, Chen Y, Pereira F, Li Z. Working memory and reward increase the accuracy of animal location encoding in the medial prefrontal cortex. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:2245-2259. [PMID: 35584788 PMCID: PMC9977377 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to perceive spatial environments and locate oneself during navigation is crucial for the survival of animals. Mounting evidence suggests a role of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in spatially related behaviors. However, the properties of mPFC spatial encoding and how it is influenced by animal behavior are poorly defined. Here, we train the mice to perform 3 tasks differing in working memory and reward-seeking: a delayed non-match to place (DNMTP) task, a passive alternation (PA) task, and a free-running task. Single-unit recording in the mPFC shows that although individual mPFC neurons exhibit spatially selective firing, they do not reliably represent the animal location. The population activity of mPFC neurons predicts the animal location. Notably, the population coding of animal locations by the mPFC is modulated by animal behavior in that the coding accuracy is higher in tasks involved in working memory and reward-seeking. This study reveals an approach whereby the mPFC encodes spatial positions and the behavioral variables affecting it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Ma
- Section on Synapse Development Plasticity, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Charles Zheng
- Machine Learning Team, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Yenho Chen
- Machine Learning Team, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Francisco Pereira
- Machine Learning Team, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Zheng Li
- Section on Synapse Development Plasticity, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
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31
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Rolls ET, Wirth S, Deco G, Huang C, Feng J. The human posterior cingulate, retrosplenial, and medial parietal cortex effective connectome, and implications for memory and navigation. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:629-655. [PMID: 36178249 PMCID: PMC9842927 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The human posterior cingulate, retrosplenial, and medial parietal cortex are involved in memory and navigation. The functional anatomy underlying these cognitive functions was investigated by measuring the effective connectivity of these Posterior Cingulate Division (PCD) regions in the Human Connectome Project-MMP1 atlas in 171 HCP participants, and complemented with functional connectivity and diffusion tractography. First, the postero-ventral parts of the PCD (31pd, 31pv, 7m, d23ab, and v23ab) have effective connectivity with the temporal pole, inferior temporal visual cortex, cortex in the superior temporal sulcus implicated in auditory and semantic processing, with the reward-related vmPFC and pregenual anterior cingulate cortex, with the inferior parietal cortex, and with the hippocampal system. This connectivity implicates it in hippocampal episodic memory, providing routes for "what," reward and semantic schema-related information to access the hippocampus. Second, the antero-dorsal parts of the PCD (especially 31a and 23d, PCV, and also RSC) have connectivity with early visual cortical areas including those that represent spatial scenes, with the superior parietal cortex, with the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex, and with the hippocampal system. This connectivity implicates it in the "where" component for hippocampal episodic memory and for spatial navigation. The dorsal-transitional-visual (DVT) and ProStriate regions where the retrosplenial scene area is located have connectivity from early visual cortical areas to the parahippocampal scene area, providing a ventromedial route for spatial scene information to reach the hippocampus. These connectivities provide important routes for "what," reward, and "where" scene-related information for human hippocampal episodic memory and navigation. The midcingulate cortex provides a route from the anterior dorsal parts of the PCD and the supracallosal part of the anterior cingulate cortex to premotor regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund T. Rolls
- Oxford Centre for Computational NeuroscienceOxfordUK
- Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of WarwickCoventryUK
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired IntelligenceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired IntelligenceFudan University, Ministry of EducationShanghaiChina
- Fudan ISTBI—ZJNU Algorithm Centre for Brain‐Inspired IntelligenceZhejiang Normal UniversityJinhuaChina
| | - Sylvia Wirth
- Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229CNRS and University of LyonBronFrance
| | - Gustavo Deco
- Center for Brain and Cognition, Computational Neuroscience Group, Department of Information and Communication TechnologiesUniversitat Pompeu FabraBarcelonaSpain
- Brain and CognitionPompeu Fabra UniversityBarcelonaSpain
- Institució Catalana de la Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA)Universitat Pompeu FabraBarcelonaSpain
| | - Chu‐Chung Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education), School of Psychology and Cognitive ScienceEast China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of WarwickCoventryUK
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired IntelligenceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired IntelligenceFudan University, Ministry of EducationShanghaiChina
- Fudan ISTBI—ZJNU Algorithm Centre for Brain‐Inspired IntelligenceZhejiang Normal UniversityJinhuaChina
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32
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Kobayashi KS, Matsuo N. Persistent representation of the environment in the hippocampus. Cell Rep 2023; 42:111989. [PMID: 36640328 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In the hippocampus, environmental changes elicit rearrangement of active neuronal ensembles or remapping of place cells. However, it remains elusive how the brain ensures a consistent representation of a certain environment itself despite salient events occurring there. Here, we longitudinally tracked calcium dynamics of dorsal hippocampal CA1 neurons in mice subjected to contextual fear conditioning and extinction training. Overall population activities were significantly changed by fear conditioning and were responsive to footshocks and freezing. However, a small subset of neurons, termed environment cells, were consistently active in a specific environment irrespective of experiences. A decoder modeling study showed that these cells, but not place cells, were able to predict the environment to which the mouse was exposed. Environment cells might underlie the constancy of cognition for distinct environments across time and events. Additionally, our study highlights the functional heterogeneity of cells in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyogo S Kobayashi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Naoki Matsuo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
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33
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Wang Y, Chen T, Wang C, Ogihara A, Ma X, Huang S, Zhou S, Li S, Liu J, Li K. A New Smart 2-Min Mobile Alerting Method for Mild Cognitive Impairment Due to Alzheimer's Disease in the Community. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13020244. [PMID: 36831787 PMCID: PMC9954272 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13020244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The early identification of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to Alzheimer's disease (AD), in an early stage of AD can expand the AD warning window. We propose a new capability index evaluating the spatial execution process (SEP), which can dynamically evaluate the execution process in the space navigation task. The hypothesis is proposed that there are neurobehavioral differences between normal cognitive (NC) elderly and AD patients with MCI reflected in digital biomarkers captured during SEP. According to this, we designed a new smart 2-min mobile alerting method for MCI due to AD, for community screening. Two digital biomarkers, total mission execution distance (METRtotal) and execution distance above the transverse obstacle (EDabove), were selected by step-up regression analysis. For the participants with more than 9 years of education, the alerting efficiency of the combination of the two digital biomarkers for MCI due to AD could reach 0.83. This method has the advantages of fast speed, high alerting efficiency, low cost and high intelligence and thus has a high application value for community screening in developing countries. It also provides a new intelligent alerting approach based on the human-computer interaction (HCI) paradigm for MCI due to AD in community screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Wang
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
- Zhejiang-Japan Digital Diagnosis and Treatment and Equipment of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine for Major Brain Diseases Joint Laboratory, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Chen Wang
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
- Zhejiang-Japan Digital Diagnosis and Treatment and Equipment of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine for Major Brain Diseases Joint Laboratory, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Atsushi Ogihara
- Zhejiang-Japan Digital Diagnosis and Treatment and Equipment of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine for Major Brain Diseases Joint Laboratory, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
- Department of Health Sciences and Social Welfare, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1162, Japan
| | - Xiaowen Ma
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
- Zhejiang-Japan Digital Diagnosis and Treatment and Equipment of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine for Major Brain Diseases Joint Laboratory, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Shouqiang Huang
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
- Zhejiang-Japan Digital Diagnosis and Treatment and Equipment of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine for Major Brain Diseases Joint Laboratory, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Siyu Zhou
- Zhejiang-Japan Digital Diagnosis and Treatment and Equipment of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine for Major Brain Diseases Joint Laboratory, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Shuwu Li
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
- Zhejiang-Japan Digital Diagnosis and Treatment and Equipment of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine for Major Brain Diseases Joint Laboratory, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jiakang Liu
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
- Zhejiang-Japan Digital Diagnosis and Treatment and Equipment of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine for Major Brain Diseases Joint Laboratory, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Kai Li
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
- Zhejiang-Japan Digital Diagnosis and Treatment and Equipment of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine for Major Brain Diseases Joint Laboratory, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
- Correspondence:
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Campagner D, Vale R, Tan YL, Iordanidou P, Pavón Arocas O, Claudi F, Stempel AV, Keshavarzi S, Petersen RS, Margrie TW, Branco T. A cortico-collicular circuit for orienting to shelter during escape. Nature 2023; 613:111-119. [PMID: 36544025 PMCID: PMC7614651 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05553-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
When faced with predatory threats, escape towards shelter is an adaptive action that offers long-term protection against the attacker. Animals rely on knowledge of safe locations in the environment to instinctively execute rapid shelter-directed escape actions1,2. Although previous work has identified neural mechanisms of escape initiation3,4, it is not known how the escape circuit incorporates spatial information to execute rapid flights along the most efficient route to shelter. Here we show that the mouse retrosplenial cortex (RSP) and superior colliculus (SC) form a circuit that encodes the shelter-direction vector and is specifically required for accurately orienting to shelter during escape. Shelter direction is encoded in RSP and SC neurons in egocentric coordinates and SC shelter-direction tuning depends on RSP activity. Inactivation of the RSP-SC pathway disrupts the orientation to shelter and causes escapes away from the optimal shelter-directed route, but does not lead to generic deficits in orientation or spatial navigation. We find that the RSP and SC are monosynaptically connected and form a feedforward lateral inhibition microcircuit that strongly drives the inhibitory collicular network because of higher RSP input convergence and synaptic integration efficiency in inhibitory SC neurons. This results in broad shelter-direction tuning in inhibitory SC neurons and sharply tuned excitatory SC neurons. These findings are recapitulated by a biologically constrained spiking network model in which RSP input to the local SC recurrent ring architecture generates a circular shelter-direction map. We propose that this RSP-SC circuit might be specialized for generating collicular representations of memorized spatial goals that are readily accessible to the motor system during escape, or more broadly, during navigation when the goal must be reached as fast as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Campagner
- UCL Sainsbury Wellcome Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, London, UK
- UCL Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit, London, UK
| | - Ruben Vale
- UCL Sainsbury Wellcome Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, London, UK
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yu Lin Tan
- UCL Sainsbury Wellcome Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, London, UK
| | | | - Oriol Pavón Arocas
- UCL Sainsbury Wellcome Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, London, UK
| | - Federico Claudi
- UCL Sainsbury Wellcome Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, London, UK
| | - A Vanessa Stempel
- UCL Sainsbury Wellcome Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, London, UK
| | | | | | - Troy W Margrie
- UCL Sainsbury Wellcome Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, London, UK
| | - Tiago Branco
- UCL Sainsbury Wellcome Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, London, UK.
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35
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Li K, Ma X, Chen T, Xin J, Wang C, Wu B, Ogihara A, Zhou S, Liu J, Huang S, Wang Y, Li S, Chen Z, Xu R. A new early warning method for mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease based on dynamic evaluation of the "spatial executive process". Digit Health 2023; 9:20552076231194938. [PMID: 37654709 PMCID: PMC10467230 DOI: 10.1177/20552076231194938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to Alzheimer's disease (AD), as an early stage of AD, is an important point for early warning of AD. Neuropathological studies have shown that AD pathology in pre-dementia patients involves the hippocampus and caudate nucleus, which are responsible for controlling cognitive mechanisms such as the spatial executive process (SEP). The aim of this study is to design a new method for early warning of MCI due to AD by dynamically evaluating SEP. Methods We designed fingertip interaction handwriting digital evaluation paradigms and analyzed the dynamic trajectory of fingertip interaction and image data during "clock drawing" and "repetitive writing" tasks. Extracted fingertip interaction digital biomarkers were used to assess participants' SEP disorders, ultimately enabling intelligent diagnosis of MCI due to AD. A cross-sectional study demonstrated the predictive performance of this new method. Results We enrolled 30 normal cognitive (NC) elderly and 30 MCI due to AD patients, and clinical research results showed that there may be neurobehavioral differences between the two groups in digital biomarkers captured during SEP. The early warning performance for MCI due to AD of this new method (areas under the curve (AUC) = 0.880) is better than that of the Minimum Mental State Examination (MMSE) neuropsychological scale (AUC = 0.856) assessed by physicians. Conclusion Patients with MCI due to AD may have SEP disorders, and this new method based on dynamic evaluation of SEP will provide a novel human-computer interaction and intelligent early warning method for home and community screening of MCI due to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- Zhejiang-Japan Digital Diagnosis and Treatment and Equipment of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine for Major Brain Diseases Joint Laboratory, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Joint Laboratory of Police Health Smart Surveillance, Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Ma
- Zhejiang-Japan Digital Diagnosis and Treatment and Equipment of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine for Major Brain Diseases Joint Laboratory, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junyi Xin
- School of Information Engineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Zhejiang-Japan Digital Diagnosis and Treatment and Equipment of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine for Major Brain Diseases Joint Laboratory, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Zhejiang-Japan Digital Diagnosis and Treatment and Equipment of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine for Major Brain Diseases Joint Laboratory, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Computer Science, Tokyo University of Technology, Hachioji City, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ogihara
- Zhejiang-Japan Digital Diagnosis and Treatment and Equipment of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine for Major Brain Diseases Joint Laboratory, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Health Sciences and Social Welfare, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Siyu Zhou
- Zhejiang-Japan Digital Diagnosis and Treatment and Equipment of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine for Major Brain Diseases Joint Laboratory, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Public health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiakang Liu
- Zhejiang-Japan Digital Diagnosis and Treatment and Equipment of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine for Major Brain Diseases Joint Laboratory, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shouqiang Huang
- Zhejiang-Japan Digital Diagnosis and Treatment and Equipment of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine for Major Brain Diseases Joint Laboratory, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yujia Wang
- Zhejiang-Japan Digital Diagnosis and Treatment and Equipment of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine for Major Brain Diseases Joint Laboratory, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuwu Li
- Zhejiang-Japan Digital Diagnosis and Treatment and Equipment of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine for Major Brain Diseases Joint Laboratory, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zeyuan Chen
- Joint Laboratory of Police Health Smart Surveillance, Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou, China
- School of International Studies and Cooperation, Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Runlong Xu
- School of Information Engineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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36
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Froula JM, Hastings SD, Krook-Magnuson E. The little brain and the seahorse: Cerebellar-hippocampal interactions. Front Syst Neurosci 2023; 17:1158492. [PMID: 37034014 PMCID: PMC10076554 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2023.1158492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing appreciation for the cerebellum beyond its role in motor function and accumulating evidence that the cerebellum and hippocampus interact across a range of brain states and behaviors. Acute and chronic manipulations, simultaneous recordings, and imaging studies together indicate coordinated coactivation and a bidirectional functional connectivity relevant for various physiological functions, including spatiotemporal processing. This bidirectional functional connectivity is likely supported by multiple circuit paths. It is also important in temporal lobe epilepsy: the cerebellum is impacted by seizures and epilepsy, and modulation of cerebellar circuitry can be an effective strategy to inhibit hippocampal seizures. This review highlights some of the recent key hippobellum literature.
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37
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Pietras B, Schmutz V, Schwalger T. Mesoscopic description of hippocampal replay and metastability in spiking neural networks with short-term plasticity. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010809. [PMID: 36548392 PMCID: PMC9822116 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bottom-up models of functionally relevant patterns of neural activity provide an explicit link between neuronal dynamics and computation. A prime example of functional activity patterns are propagating bursts of place-cell activities called hippocampal replay, which is critical for memory consolidation. The sudden and repeated occurrences of these burst states during ongoing neural activity suggest metastable neural circuit dynamics. As metastability has been attributed to noise and/or slow fatigue mechanisms, we propose a concise mesoscopic model which accounts for both. Crucially, our model is bottom-up: it is analytically derived from the dynamics of finite-size networks of Linear-Nonlinear Poisson neurons with short-term synaptic depression. As such, noise is explicitly linked to stochastic spiking and network size, and fatigue is explicitly linked to synaptic dynamics. To derive the mesoscopic model, we first consider a homogeneous spiking neural network and follow the temporal coarse-graining approach of Gillespie to obtain a "chemical Langevin equation", which can be naturally interpreted as a stochastic neural mass model. The Langevin equation is computationally inexpensive to simulate and enables a thorough study of metastable dynamics in classical setups (population spikes and Up-Down-states dynamics) by means of phase-plane analysis. An extension of the Langevin equation for small network sizes is also presented. The stochastic neural mass model constitutes the basic component of our mesoscopic model for replay. We show that the mesoscopic model faithfully captures the statistical structure of individual replayed trajectories in microscopic simulations and in previously reported experimental data. Moreover, compared to the deterministic Romani-Tsodyks model of place-cell dynamics, it exhibits a higher level of variability regarding order, direction and timing of replayed trajectories, which seems biologically more plausible and could be functionally desirable. This variability is the product of a new dynamical regime where metastability emerges from a complex interplay between finite-size fluctuations and local fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Pietras
- Institute for Mathematics, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Valentin Schmutz
- Brain Mind Institute, School of Computer and Communication Sciences and School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tilo Schwalger
- Institute for Mathematics, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
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38
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Das A, Menon V. Replicable patterns of causal information flow between hippocampus and prefrontal cortex during spatial navigation and spatial-verbal memory formation. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:5343-5361. [PMID: 35136979 PMCID: PMC9712747 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC) play an essential role in both human spatial navigation and episodic memory, but the underlying causal flow of information between these regions across task domains is poorly understood. Here we use intracranial EEG recordings and spectrally resolved phase transfer entropy to investigate information flow during two different virtual spatial navigation and memory encoding/recall tasks and examine replicability of information flow patterns across spatial and verbal memory domains. Information theoretic analysis revealed a higher causal information flow from hippocampus to lateral PFC than in the reverse direction. Crucially, an asymmetric pattern of information flow was observed during memory encoding and recall periods of both spatial navigation tasks. Further analyses revealed frequency specificity of interactions characterized by greater bottom-up information flow from hippocampus to PFC in delta-theta band (0.5-8 Hz); in contrast, top-down information flow from PFC to hippocampus was stronger in beta band (12-30 Hz). Bayesian analysis revealed a high degree of replicability between the two spatial navigation tasks (Bayes factor > 5.46e+3) and across tasks spanning the spatial and verbal memory domains (Bayes factor > 7.32e+8). Our findings identify a domain-independent and replicable frequency-dependent feedback loop engaged during memory formation in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Das
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Vinod Menon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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39
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De Meester G, Van Linden L, Torfs J, Pafilis P, Šunje E, Steenssens D, Zulčić T, Sassalos A, Van Damme R. Learning with lacertids: Studying the link between ecology and cognition within a comparative framework. Evolution 2022; 76:2531-2552. [PMID: 36111365 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cognition is an essential tool for animals to deal with environmental challenges. Nonetheless, the ecological forces driving the evolution of cognition throughout the animal kingdom remain enigmatic. Large-scale comparative studies on multiple species and cognitive traits have been advanced as the best way to facilitate our understanding of cognitive evolution, but such studies are rare. Here, we tested 13 species of lacertid lizards (Reptilia: Lacertidae) using a battery of cognitive tests measuring inhibitory control, problem-solving, and spatial and reversal learning. Next, we tested the relationship between species' performance and (a) resource availability (temperature and precipitation), habitat complexity (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), and habitat variability (seasonality) in their natural habitat and (b) their life history (size at hatching and maturity, clutch size, and frequency). Although species differed markedly in their cognitive abilities, such variation was mostly unrelated to their ecology and life history. Yet, species living in more variable environments exhibited lower behavioral flexibility, likely due to energetic constrains in such habitats. Our standardized protocols provide opportunities for collaborative research, allowing increased sample sizes and replication, essential for moving forward in the field of comparative cognition. Follow-up studies could include more detailed measures of habitat structure and look at other potential selective drivers such as predation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles De Meester
- Functional Morphology Lab, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium.,Section of Zoology and Marine Biology, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 157 84, Greece
| | - Lisa Van Linden
- Functional Morphology Lab, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium
| | - Jonas Torfs
- Functional Morphology Lab, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium
| | - Panayiotis Pafilis
- Section of Zoology and Marine Biology, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 157 84, Greece
| | - Emina Šunje
- Functional Morphology Lab, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina.,Herpetological Association in Bosnia and Herzegovina: BHHU: ATRA, Sarajevo, 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Dries Steenssens
- Functional Morphology Lab, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium
| | - Tea Zulčić
- Herpetological Association in Bosnia and Herzegovina: BHHU: ATRA, Sarajevo, 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Athanasios Sassalos
- Section of Zoology and Marine Biology, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 157 84, Greece
| | - Raoul Van Damme
- Functional Morphology Lab, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium
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40
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Three aspects of representation in neuroscience. Trends Cogn Sci 2022; 26:942-958. [PMID: 36175303 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2022.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Neuroscientists often describe neural activity as a representation of something, or claim to have found evidence for a neural representation, but there is considerable ambiguity about what such claims entail. Here we develop a thorough account of what 'representation' does and should do for neuroscientists in terms of three key aspects of representation. (i) Correlation: a neural representation correlates to its represented content; (ii) causal role: the representation has a characteristic effect on behavior; and (iii) teleology: a goal or purpose served by the behavior and thus the representation. We draw broadly on literature in both neuroscience and philosophy to show how these three aspects are rooted in common approaches to understanding the brain and mind. We first describe different contexts that 'representation' has been closely linked to in neuroscience, then discuss each of the three aspects in detail.
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41
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Sikora J, Di Bisceglie Caballero S, Reiss D, Kieffer BL, Paoletti P, Jacob PY, Ouagazzal AM. Zn2+ inhibits spatial memory and hippocampal place cell representation through high-affinity binding to the NMDA receptor GluN2A subunit. iScience 2022; 25:105355. [DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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42
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Chao OY, Nikolaus S, Yang YM, Huston JP. Neuronal circuitry for recognition memory of object and place in rodent models. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 141:104855. [PMID: 36089106 PMCID: PMC10542956 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Rats and mice are used for studying neuronal circuits underlying recognition memory due to their ability to spontaneously remember the occurrence of an object, its place and an association of the object and place in a particular environment. A joint employment of lesions, pharmacological interventions, optogenetics and chemogenetics is constantly expanding our knowledge of the neural basis for recognition memory of object, place, and their association. In this review, we summarize current studies on recognition memory in rodents with a focus on the novel object preference, novel location preference and object-in-place paradigms. The evidence suggests that the medial prefrontal cortex- and hippocampus-connected circuits contribute to recognition memory for object and place. Under certain conditions, the striatum, medial septum, amygdala, locus coeruleus and cerebellum are also involved. We propose that the neuronal circuitry for recognition memory of object and place is hierarchically connected and constructed by different cortical (perirhinal, entorhinal and retrosplenial cortices), thalamic (nucleus reuniens, mediodorsal and anterior thalamic nuclei) and primeval (hypothalamus and interpeduncular nucleus) modules interacting with the medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen Y Chao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - Susanne Nikolaus
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Yi-Mei Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Joseph P Huston
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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43
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Schultz H, Yoo J, Meshi D, Heekeren HR. Category-specific memory encoding in the medial temporal lobe and beyond: the role of reward. Learn Mem 2022; 29:379-389. [PMID: 36180131 PMCID: PMC9536755 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053558.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The medial temporal lobe (MTL), including the hippocampus (HC), perirhinal cortex (PRC), and parahippocampal cortex (PHC), is central to memory formation. Reward enhances memory through interplay between the HC and substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area (SNVTA). While the SNVTA also innervates the MTL cortex and amygdala (AMY), their role in reward-enhanced memory is unclear. Prior research suggests category specificity in the MTL cortex, with the PRC and PHC processing object and scene memory, respectively. It is unknown, however, whether reward modulates category-specific memory processes. Furthermore, no study has demonstrated clear category specificity in the MTL for encoding processes contributing to subsequent recognition memory. To address these questions, we had 39 healthy volunteers (27 for all memory-based analyses) undergo functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing an incidental encoding task pairing objects or scenes with high or low reward, followed by a next-day recognition test. Behaviorally, high reward preferably enhanced object memory. Neural activity in the PRC and PHC reflected successful encoding of objects and scenes, respectively. Importantly, AMY encoding effects were selective for high-reward objects, with a similar pattern in the PRC. The SNVTA and HC showed no clear evidence of successful encoding. This behavioral and neural asymmetry may be conveyed through an anterior-temporal memory system, including the AMY and PRC, potentially in interplay with the ventromedial prefrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidrun Schultz
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jungsun Yoo
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Dar Meshi
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Advertising and Public Relations, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Hauke R Heekeren
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Executive University Board, Universität Hamburg, 20148 Hamburg, Germany
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44
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Gómez A, Rodríguez-Expósito B, Ocaña FM, Salas C, Rodríguez F. Trace classical conditioning impairment after lesion of the lateral part of the goldfish telencephalic pallium suggests a long ancestry of the episodic memory function of the vertebrate hippocampus. Brain Struct Funct 2022; 227:2879-2890. [PMID: 36006500 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-022-02553-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
There is an ongoing debate on the evolutionary origin of the episodic memory function of the hippocampus. A widely accepted hypothesis claims that the hippocampus first evolved as a dedicated system for spatial navigation in ancestral vertebrates, being transformed later in phylogeny to support a broader role in episodic memory with the emergence of mammals. On the contrary, an alternative hypothesis holds that the hippocampus of ancestral vertebrates originally encoded both the spatial and temporal dimensions of relational memories since its evolutionary appearance, thus suggesting that the episodic-like memory function of the hippocampus could be the primitive condition in vertebrate forebrain evolution. The present experiment was aimed at scrutinizing these opposing hypotheses by investigating whether the hippocampal pallium of teleost fish, a vertebrate group that shares with mammals a common ancestor that lived about 400 Mya, is, like the hippocampus of mammals, essential to associate time-discontiguous events. Thus, goldfish with lesions in the ventral part of the dorsolateral pallium (Dlv), a telencephalic region considered homologous to the hippocampal pallium of land vertebrates, were trained in trace versus delay eyeblink-like classical conditioning, two learning procedures that differ only in the temporal relationships between the stimuli to be associated in memory. The results showed that hippocampal pallium lesion in goldfish severely impairs trace conditioning, but spares delay conditioning. This finding challenges the idea that navigation preceded relational memory in evolutionary appearance and suggests the possibility that a relational memory function that associates the experienced events in both the spatial and temporal dimensions could be a primitive feature of the hippocampus that pre-existed in the common ancestor of vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gómez
- Laboratory of Psychobiology, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | | | - F M Ocaña
- Laboratory of Psychobiology, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - C Salas
- Laboratory of Psychobiology, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.
| | - F Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Psychobiology, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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Rolls ET. The hippocampus, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and episodic and semantic memory. Prog Neurobiol 2022; 217:102334. [PMID: 35870682 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The human ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC)/anterior cingulate cortex is implicated in reward and emotion, but also in memory. It is shown how the human orbitofrontal cortex connecting with the vmPFC and anterior cingulate cortex provide a route to the hippocampus for reward and emotional value to be incorporated into episodic memory, enabling memory of where a reward was seen. It is proposed that this value component results in primarily episodic memories with some value component to be repeatedly recalled from the hippocampus so that they are more likely to become incorporated into neocortical semantic and autobiographical memories. The same orbitofrontal and anterior cingulate regions also connect in humans to the septal and basal forebrain cholinergic nuclei, thereby helping to consolidate memory, and helping to account for why damage to the vMPFC impairs memory. The human hippocampus and vmPFC thus contribute in complementary ways to forming episodic and semantic memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund T Rolls
- Oxford Centre for Computational Neuroscience, Oxford, UK; University of Warwick, Department of Computer Science, Coventry, UK.
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Klein-Flügge MC, Bongioanni A, Rushworth MFS. Medial and orbital frontal cortex in decision-making and flexible behavior. Neuron 2022; 110:2743-2770. [PMID: 35705077 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The medial frontal cortex and adjacent orbitofrontal cortex have been the focus of investigations of decision-making, behavioral flexibility, and social behavior. We review studies conducted in humans, macaques, and rodents and argue that several regions with different functional roles can be identified in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, perigenual anterior cingulate cortex, anterior medial frontal cortex, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and medial and lateral parts of the orbitofrontal cortex. There is increasing evidence that the manner in which these areas represent the value of the environment and specific choices is different from subcortical brain regions and more complex than previously thought. Although activity in some regions reflects distributions of reward and opportunities across the environment, in other cases, activity reflects the structural relationships between features of the environment that animals can use to infer what decision to take even if they have not encountered identical opportunities in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam C Klein-Flügge
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Tinsley Building, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Level 6, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Lane, Headington, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK.
| | - Alessandro Bongioanni
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Tinsley Building, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Matthew F S Rushworth
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Tinsley Building, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Level 6, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
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Manohar S, Chen GD, Ding D, Liu L, Wang J, Chen YC, Chen L, Salvi R. Unexpected Consequences of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss: Impaired Hippocampal Neurogenesis, Memory, and Stress. Front Integr Neurosci 2022; 16:871223. [PMID: 35619926 PMCID: PMC9127992 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2022.871223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL), caused by direct damage to the cochlea, reduces the flow of auditory information to the central nervous system, depriving higher order structures, such as the hippocampus with vital sensory information needed to carry out complex, higher order functions. Although the hippocampus lies outside the classical auditory pathway, it nevertheless receives acoustic information that influence its activity. Here we review recent results that illustrate how NIHL and other types of cochlear hearing loss disrupt hippocampal function. The hippocampus, which continues to generate new neurons (neurogenesis) in adulthood, plays an important role in spatial navigation, memory, and emotion. The hippocampus, which contains place cells that respond when a subject enters a specific location in the environment, integrates information from multiple sensory systems, including the auditory system, to develop cognitive spatial maps to aid in navigation. Acute exposure to intense noise disrupts the place-specific firing patterns of hippocampal neurons, “spatially disorienting” the cells for days. More traumatic sound exposures that result in permanent NIHL chronically suppresses cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the hippocampus; these structural changes are associated with long-term spatial memory deficits. Hippocampal neurons, which contain numerous glucocorticoid hormone receptors, are part of a complex feedback network connected to the hypothalamic-pituitary (HPA) axis. Chronic exposure to intense intermittent noise results in prolonged stress which can cause a persistent increase in corticosterone, a rodent stress hormone known to suppress neurogenesis. In contrast, a single intense noise exposure sufficient to cause permanent hearing loss produces only a transient increase in corticosterone hormone. Although basal corticosterone levels return to normal after the noise exposure, glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) in the hippocampus remain chronically elevated. Thus, NIHL disrupts negative feedback from the hippocampus to the HPA axis which regulates the release of corticosterone. Preclinical studies suggest that the noise-induced changes in hippocampal place cells, neurogenesis, spatial memory, and glucocorticoid receptors may be ameliorated by therapeutic interventions that reduce oxidative stress and inflammation. These experimental results may provide new insights on why hearing loss is a risk factor for cognitive decline and suggest methods for preventing this decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthilvelan Manohar
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Guang-Di Chen
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Dalian Ding
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Lijie Liu
- Department of Physiology, Medical College, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Communication Science and Disorders, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Yu-Chen Chen
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Auditory Research Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Richard Salvi
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Richard Salvi
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48
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PKCδ-positive GABAergic neurons in the central amygdala exhibit tissue-type plasminogen activator: role in the control of anxiety. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:2197-2205. [PMID: 35145231 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01455-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is a serine protease expressed in several brain regions and reported to be involved in the control of emotional and cognitive functions. Nevertheless, little is known about the structure-function relationships of these tPA-dependent behaviors. Here, by using a new model of constitutive tPA-deficient mice (tPAnull), we first show that tPA controls locomotor activity, spatial cognition and anxiety. To investigate the brain structures involved in these tPA-dependent behavioral phenotypes, we next generated tPAflox mice allowing conditional tPA deletion (cKO) following stereotaxic injections of adeno-associated virus driving Cre-recombinase expression (AAV-Cre-GFP). We demonstrate that tPA removal in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus induces hyperactivity and partial spatial memory deficits. Moreover, the deletion of tPA in the central nucleus of the amygdala, but not in the basolateral nucleus, induces hyperactivity and reduced anxiety-like level. Importantly, we prove that these behaviors depend on the tPA present in the adult brain and not on neurodevelopmental disorders. Also, interestingly, our data show that tPA from Protein kinase-C delta-positive (PKCδ) GABAergic interneurons of the lateral/ capsular part of adult mouse central amygdala controls emotional functions through neuronal activation of the medial central amygdala. Together, our study brings new data about the critical central role of tPA in behavioral modulations in adult mice.
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Zhukovsky P, Savulich G, Morgan S, Dalley JW, Williams GB, Ersche KD. Morphometric similarity deviations in stimulant use disorder point towards abnormal brain ageing. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac079. [PMID: 35694145 PMCID: PMC9178962 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Chronic drug use negatively impacts ageing, resulting in diminished health and quality of life. However, little is known about biomarkers of abnormal ageing in stimulant drug users. Using morphometric similarity network mapping, a novel approach to structural connectomics, we first mapped cross-sectional morphometric similarity trajectories of ageing in the publicly available Rockland Sample (20-80 years of age, n = 665). We then compared morphometric similarity and neuropsychological function between non-treatment-seeking, actively using patients with stimulant use disorder (n = 183, mean age 35.6 years) and healthy control participants (n = 148, mean age 36.0 years). Significantly altered mean regional morphometric similarity was found in 43 cortical regions including the inferior and orbital frontal gyri, pre/postcentral gyri and anterior temporal, superior parietal and occipital areas. Deviations from normative morphometric similarity trajectories in patients with stimulant use disorder suggested abnormal brain ageing. Furthermore, deficits in paired associates learning were consistent with neuropathology associated with both ageing and stimulant use disorder. Morphometric similarity mapping provides a promising biomarker for ageing in health and disease and may complement existing neuropsychological markers of age-related cognitive decline. Neuropathological ageing mechanisms in stimulant use disorder warrant further investigation to develop more age-appropriate treatments for older people addicted to stimulant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Zhukovsky
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, UK
| | - George Savulich
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, UK
| | - Sarah Morgan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, UK
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge, UK
- The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Guy B. Williams
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge UK
| | - Karen D. Ersche
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, UK
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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50
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Luo W, Yun D, Hu Y, Tian M, Yang J, Xu Y, Tang Y, Zhan Y, Xie H, Guan JS. Acquiring new memories in neocortex of hippocampal-lesioned mice. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1601. [PMID: 35332120 PMCID: PMC8948206 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29208-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus interacts with the neocortical network for memory retrieval and consolidation. Here, we found the lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) modulates learning-induced cortical long-range gamma synchrony (20–40 Hz) in a hippocampal-dependent manner. The long-range gamma synchrony, which was coupled to the theta (7–10 Hz) rhythm and enhanced upon learning and recall, was mediated by inter-cortical projections from layer 5 neurons of the LEC to layer 2 neurons of the sensory and association cortices. Artificially induced cortical gamma synchrony across cortical areas improved memory encoding in hippocampal lesioned mice for originally hippocampal-dependent tasks. Mechanistically, we found that activities of cortical c-Fos labeled neurons, which showed egocentric map properties, were modulated by LEC-mediated gamma synchrony during memory recall, implicating a role of cortical synchrony to generate an integrative memory representation from disperse features. Our findings reveal the hippocampal mediated organization of cortical memories and suggest brain-machine interface approaches to improve cognitive function. Hippocampal lesioned mice form new memories. Here, the authors show the lateral entorhinal cortex modulates learning-induced cortical long-range gamma synchrony in a hippocampal-dependent manner and artificially induced cortical gamma synchrony across cortical areas improved memory encoding in hippocampal lesioned mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhan Luo
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Yun
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Miaomiao Tian
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajun Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Tang
- Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yang Zhan
- Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hong Xie
- Institute of Photonic Chips, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 200093, Shanghai, China.,Centre for Artificial-Intelligence Nanophotonics, School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Song Guan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, 201210, Shanghai, China. .,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China.
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