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Phu DH, Narinthorn R, Nhung NT, Chansiripornchai N, Blackall PJ, Turni C, Carrique-Mas J, Thomrongsuwannakij T. The characterization and correlation between the phenotypic and genotypic resistance of Campylobacter spp . isolates from commercial broilers and native chickens in the south of Thailand. Avian Pathol 2024; 53:1-13. [PMID: 37722832 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2023.2260322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS High Campylobacter prevalence in chickens; C. jejuni more prevalent than C. coli.Susceptibility to macrolides but resistance to quinolones/tetracyclines in isolates.Homogeneous resistance patterns within farms; higher in broilers than in native birds.Partial association between phenotypic and genotypic resistance among isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doan Hoang Phu
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
- College of Graduate Studies, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ruethai Narinthorn
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
- Centre for One Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Nguyen Thi Nhung
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Niwat Chansiripornchai
- Avian Health Research Unit, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Patrick J Blackall
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Conny Turni
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Juan Carrique-Mas
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Thotsapol Thomrongsuwannakij
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
- Centre for One Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
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Bogri A, Jensen EEB, Borchert AV, Brinch C, Otani S, Aarestrup FM. Transmission of antimicrobial resistance in the gut microbiome of gregarious cockroaches: the importance of interaction between antibiotic exposed and non-exposed populations. mSystems 2024; 9:e0101823. [PMID: 38095429 PMCID: PMC10805027 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01018-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global health concern, further complicated by its spread via the microbiome bacterial members. While mathematical models discuss AMR transmission through the symbiotic microbiome, experimental studies are scarce. Herein, we used a gregarious cockroach, Pycnoscelus surinamensis, as an in vivo animal model for AMR transmission investigations. We explored whether the effect of antimicrobial treatment is detectable with metagenomic sequencing, and whether AMR genes can be spread and established in unchallenged (not treated with antibiotics) individuals following contact with treated donors, and under various frequencies of interaction. Gut and soil substrate microbiomes were investigated by metagenomic sequencing for bacterial community composition and resistome profiling. We found that tetracycline treatment altered the treated gut microbiome by decreasing bacterial diversity and increasing the abundance of tetracycline resistance genes. Untreated cockroaches that interacted with treated donors also had elevated tetracycline resistance. The levels of resistance differed depending on the magnitude and frequency of donor transfer. Additionally, treated donors showed signs of microbiome recovery due to their interaction with the untreated ones. Similar patterns were also recorded in the soil substrate microbiomes. Our results shed light on how interacting microbiomes facilitate AMR gene transmission to previously unchallenged hosts, a dynamic influenced by the interaction frequencies, using an in vivo model to validate theoretical AMR transmission models.IMPORTANCEAntimicrobial resistance is a rising threat to human and animal health. The spread of resistance through the transmission of the symbiotic gut microbiome is of concern and has been explored in theoretical modeling studies. In this study, we employ gregarious insect populations to examine the emergence and transmission of antimicrobial resistance in vivo and validate modeling hypotheses. We find that antimicrobial treatment increases the levels of resistance in treated populations. Most importantly, we show that resistance increased in untreated populations after interacting with the treated ones. The level of resistance transmission was affected by the magnitude and frequency of population mixing. Our results highlight the importance of microbial transmission in the spread of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Bogri
- Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Asbjørn Vedel Borchert
- Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christian Brinch
- Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Saria Otani
- Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Frank M. Aarestrup
- Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
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Zeller-Péronnet V, Bretschneider N, Lausch J, Hanifi N, Pavlovic M, Zarske M, Luu HQ, Busch U, Stingl K, Huber I. Multiplex Real-Time PCR for the Detection of Tetracycline, Ciprofloxacin, and Erythromycin Resistance Determinants from Human and Foodborne Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2927. [PMID: 38138071 PMCID: PMC10745765 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are the predominant thermophilic species responsible for foodborne gastroenteritis worldwide. Elevated resistance to certain antibiotics was observed due to antimicrobial therapy in farm animals and humans, while reduced antimicrobial usage partially reduced antibiotic resistance. Monitoring the antimicrobial resistance demonstrated a substantial fraction of multi-resistant isolates, indicating the necessity of reliable tools for their detection. In this study, resistance determinants in 129 German and 21 Vietnamese isolates were selected to establish a novel multiplex real-time PCR (qPCR), facilitating the simultaneous detection of four resistance determinants. These comprised tet(O) gene variants associated with tetracycline resistance, point mutations GyrA_T86I and GyrA_T86V associated with ciprofloxacin resistance, and the erm(B) gene together with the point mutation A2075G in the 23S rRNA gene, associated with erythromycin resistance. Moreover, the performance of the qPCR assay was evaluated by comparing the results of qPCR to phenotypic antimicrobial resistance profiles, obtained with standardized EUCAMP3 microdilution panel, which showed 100% similarity (inclusivity and exclusivity). Variation in measurement methods, including qPCR machines and master mixes showed robustness, essential for laboratories. The assay can be used for the rapid detection of resistance determinants, and is beneficial for monitoring the spread of antibiotic resistance in C. jejuni and C. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Zeller-Péronnet
- Department for Food and Food Hygiene, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority (LGL), 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany; (V.Z.-P.); (N.B.); (N.H.); (M.P.); (U.B.)
| | - Nancy Bretschneider
- Department for Food and Food Hygiene, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority (LGL), 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany; (V.Z.-P.); (N.B.); (N.H.); (M.P.); (U.B.)
| | - Johanna Lausch
- Department for Food and Food Hygiene, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority (LGL), 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany; (V.Z.-P.); (N.B.); (N.H.); (M.P.); (U.B.)
| | - Nadera Hanifi
- Department for Food and Food Hygiene, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority (LGL), 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany; (V.Z.-P.); (N.B.); (N.H.); (M.P.); (U.B.)
| | - Melanie Pavlovic
- Department for Food and Food Hygiene, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority (LGL), 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany; (V.Z.-P.); (N.B.); (N.H.); (M.P.); (U.B.)
| | - Michael Zarske
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589 Berlin, Germany; (M.Z.); (K.S.)
| | - Huong Quynh Luu
- National Institute of Veterinary Research (NIVR), Hanoi 100000, Vietnam;
| | - Ulrich Busch
- Department for Food and Food Hygiene, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority (LGL), 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany; (V.Z.-P.); (N.B.); (N.H.); (M.P.); (U.B.)
| | - Kerstin Stingl
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589 Berlin, Germany; (M.Z.); (K.S.)
| | - Ingrid Huber
- Department for Food and Food Hygiene, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority (LGL), 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany; (V.Z.-P.); (N.B.); (N.H.); (M.P.); (U.B.)
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Pazra DF, Latif H, Basri C, Wibawan IWT, Rahayu P. Distribution analysis of tetracycline resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolated from floor surface and effluent of pig slaughterhouses in Banten Province, Indonesia. Vet World 2023; 16:509-517. [PMID: 37041843 PMCID: PMC10082748 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.509-517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Slaughterhouses and their effluents could serve as a "hotspot" for the occurrence and distribution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the environment. This study aimed to understand the distribution of tetracycline resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolated from the floor surface and effluent samples of pig slaughterhouses in Banten Province, Indonesia. Materials and Methods Ten samples, each from floor surface swabs and effluents, were collected from 10 pig slaughterhouses in Banten Province. Escherichia coli strains were isolated and identified by referring to the protocol of the Global Tricycle Surveillance extended-spectrum beta-lactamase E. coli from the WHO (2021). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to detect the tet genes. Results The tetA, tetB, tetC, tetM, tetO, and tetX genes were distributed in the isolates from the floor surface samples, and the tetA, tetC, tetE, tetM, tetO, and tetX genes were distributed in the isolates from the effluent samples. The tetO gene (60%) was the most dominant gene in the isolates from floor surface samples, while the tetA gene was the dominant one in the isolates from the effluent samples (50%). The tetA + tetO gene combination was the dominant pattern (15%) in the E. coli isolates. Conclusion The high prevalence and diversity of the tet genes in floor surface and effluent samples from pig slaughterhouses in Banten Province indicated that the transmission of the tet genes had occurred from pigs to the environment; thus, this situation should be considered a serious threat to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debby Fadhilah Pazra
- Animal Biomedical Science Study Program, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (SVMBS), IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
- Animal Health Study Program, Bogor Agricultural Development Polytechnic, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Hadri Latif
- Department of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (SVMBS), IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
- Corresponding author: Hadri Latif, e-mail: Co-authors: DFP: , CB: , IWTW: , PR:
| | - Chaerul Basri
- Department of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (SVMBS), IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - I. Wayan Teguh Wibawan
- Department of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (SVMBS), IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Puji Rahayu
- Quality Control Laboratory and Certification of Animal Products, Bogor, Indonesia
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Morita D, Arai H, Isobe J, Maenishi E, Kumagai T, Maruyama F, Kuroda T. Whole-Genome and Plasmid Comparative Analysis of Campylobacter jejuni from Human Patients in Toyama, Japan, from 2015 to 2019. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0265922. [PMID: 36622198 PMCID: PMC9927224 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02659-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a major causative agent of food poisoning, and increasing antimicrobial resistance is a concern. This study investigated 116 clinical isolates of C. jejuni from Toyama, Japan, which were isolated from 2015 to 2019. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole-genome sequencing were used for phenotypic and genotypic characterization to compare antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles and phylogenic linkage. The multilocus sequence typing approach identified 37 sequence types (STs) and 15 clonal complexes (CCs), including 7 novel STs, and the high frequency CCs were CC21 (27.7%), CC48 (10.9%), and CC354 (9.9%). The AMR profiles and related resistant factors were as follows: fluoroquinolones (51.7%), mutation in quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDRs) (GyrA T86I); tetracyclines (27.6%), acquisition of tet(O); ampicillin (7.8%), harboring blaOXA184 or a promoter mutation in blaOXA193; aminoglycosides (1.7%), acquisition of ant(6)-Ia and aph(3')-III; chloramphenicol (0.9%), acquisition of cat. The acquired resistance genes tet(O), ant(6)-Ia, aph(3')-III, and cat were located on pTet family plasmids. Furthermore, three pTet family plasmids formed larger plasmids that incorporated additional genes such as the type IV secretion system. Sequence type 4526 (ST4526; 10.9%), which is reported only in Japan, was the most predominant, suggesting continued prevalence. This study reveals the sequences of the pTet family plasmids harbored by C. jejuni in Japan, which had been unclear, and the acquisition of the insertion sequences in a part of the pTet family plasmids. Because pTet family plasmids can be horizontally transmitted and are a major factor in acquired resistance in Campylobacter, the risk of spreading pTet that has acquired further resistance should be considered. IMPORTANCE Campylobacter jejuni is among the major causes of enteritis and diarrhea in humans in many countries. Drug-resistant Campylobacter is increasing in both developing and developed countries, and in particular, fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter was one of the species included on the priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Campylobacter drug resistance surveillance is important and has been conducted worldwide. In this study, we performed whole-genome analysis of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from diarrhea patients at a hospital in Toyama, Japan. This revealed the continued prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni ST4526, which has been reported to be prevalent in Japan, and the acquisition of resistance and virulence factors in the pTet family plasmids. The diversity of pTet family plasmids, the major resistance transmission factor, is expected to potentially increase the risk of Campylobacter. The usefulness of whole-genome sequencing in Campylobacter surveillance was also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Morita
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroki Arai
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | | | - Takanori Kumagai
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Fumito Maruyama
- Section of Microbial Genomics and Ecology, The IDEC Institute, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Teruo Kuroda
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Isolation, identification and antibiotic resistance profile of thermophilic Campylobacter species from Bovine, Knives and personnel at Jimma Town Abattoir, Ethiopia. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276625. [PMID: 36269734 PMCID: PMC9586361 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermophilic Campylobacter species are common cause of animal and human bacterial diseases with growing resistance to antimicrobials. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Campylobacter species from bovine, knives and personnel in Jimma Town, Ethiopia. Faecal samples and carcasses swabs were collected from cattle systematically selected from the annual plan of Jimma Municipal Abattoir. Personnel hand and knife swabs were collected after slaughtering each selected cattle. A cross-sectional study with systematic sampling method was conducted from October 2019 to September 2020 for the isolation, identification and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of thermophilic Campylobacter species. Isolation and identification of Campylobacter species were performed according to the techniques recommended by the International Organization for Standardization, and in vitro antibiotic susceptibility testing was screened using the standard agar disc diffusion method as recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institutions. A total of 684 samples (171 samples from faeces, carcasses, knives and personnel hands, were collected independently). The overall prevalence of thermophilic Campylobacterspecies was 5.6% (38/684). Majority of the isolates were from faecal samples (12.9%, n = 22) followed by carcass swabs(4.1% n = 7), knife swabs(3.5% n = 6) and personnel hand swabs(1.8% n = 3). Isolated and identified species of C.jejuni, C. coli and C. lari accounted for 63.2%, 23.7% and 13.2%, respectively. The isolated Campylobacter species were found to be resistant to Cephalothin (100%), Ampicillin (60.5%), Cefotaxime (60.5%), Chloramphenicol (47.4%) and Tetracycline (42.1%). On the other hand, the isolates were susceptible to Nalidixic acid (86.8%), Ciprofloxacin (86.8%), Sulphamethazole (84.2%), Ceftriaxone (78.9%), Clindamycin (68.4%) and Cefixime (65.8%). 84.2% of the isolates showed multi-drug resistance for three-to-six drug classes. All the C. lari isolates were multidrug resistant. All the three isolated species of Campylobacter were resistant to Cephalothin, and most were multidrug resistant. Isolation of Campylobacter species from faecal, carcass, knife and hand swabs revealed possible risk of contamination and exposure to Campylobacter infection of those who consume raw meat. Therefore, enactment of hygienic practices during the slaughtering process, proper handling and cooking of meat and awareness creation on jurisdictional antibiotic usage are required to avoid Campylobacter infection.
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Campylobacter jejuni from Slaughter Age Broiler Chickens: Genetic Characterization, Virulence, and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes. Int J Microbiol 2022; 2022:1713213. [PMID: 35634271 PMCID: PMC9135541 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1713213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of food-borne human gastroenteritis worldwide and is designated as a high priority antimicrobial-resistant pathogen by the World Health Organization (WHO). In this study, a total of 26 C. jejuni isolates from broiler chickens were screened for the presence of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes by PCR. As a result, the study detected 11/26 (42.3%), 9/26 (34.6%), 8/26 (30.8%), 7/26 (26.9%), 6/26 (23.1%), and 6/26 (23.1%) of cdtC, pldA, cdtB, cdtA, cadF, and ciaB virulence genes, respectively, with seven of the isolates carrying more than two virulence genes. The majority of the isolates n = 25 (96.1%) were resistant to nalidixic acid, followed by n = 21 (80.7%), n = 22 (84.6%), and n = 5 (19.2%) for tetracycline, erythromycin, and ciprofloxacin, respectively. Most isolates were harboring catI (n = 16; 84.2%), catII (n = 15; 78.9%), catIII (n = 10; 52.6%), catIV (n = 2; 10.5%), floR (n = 10; 52.6%), ermB (n = 14; 73.7%), tetO (n = 13; 68.4%), tetA (n = 9; 47.4%), mcr-4 (n = 8; 42.1%), and ampC (n = 2; 10.5%). Meanwhile, mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-5, tet(X), tet(P), and tet(W) genes were not detected in all isolates. Class I and Class II integrons were detected in 92.3% (n = 24) and 65.4% (n = 17) isolates, respectively. About 31% (8 of the 26 isolates) isolates were carrying more than two resistance genes. According to our knowledge, this is the first study to detect class II integrons in Campylobacter spp. (C. jejuni). The high prevalence of cdtA, cdtB, cdtC, cadF, pldA, and ciaB genes and antibiotic resistance genes in C. jejuni in this study indicates the pathogenic potential of these isolates. Majority of the isolates demonstrated resistance to nalidixic acid, tetracycline (tet), and erythromycin (ermB), which are the drugs of choice for treating Campylobacter infections. Therefore, these findings highlight the importance of implementing an efficient strategy to control Campylobacter in chickens and to reduce antimicrobial use in the poultry industry, which will help to prevent the spread of infections to humans.
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A New Variant of the aadE-sat4-aphA-3 Gene Cluster Found in a Conjugative Plasmid from a MDR Campylobacter jejuni Isolate. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11040466. [PMID: 35453217 PMCID: PMC9032879 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11040466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a foodborne pathogen causing bacterial gastroenteritis, with the highest incidence reported in Europe. The prevalence of antibiotic resistance in C. jejuni, as well as in many other bacterial pathogens, has increased over the last few years. In this report, we describe the presence of a plasmid in a multi-drug-resistant C. jejuni strain isolated from a gastroenteritis patient. Mating experiments demonstrated the transference of this genetic element (pCjH01) among C. jejuni by plasmid conjugation. The pCjH01 plasmid was sequenced and assembled, revealing high similarity (97% identity) with pTet, a described tetracycline resistance encoding plasmid. pCjH01 (47.7 kb) is a mosaic plasmid composed of a pTet backbone that has acquired two discrete DNA regions. Remarkably, one of the acquired sequences carried an undescribed variant of the aadE-sat4-aphA-3 gene cluster, providing resistance to at least kanamycin and gentamycin. Aside from the antibiotic resistance genes, the cluster also carries genes coding for putative regulators, such as a sigma factor of the RNA polymerase and an antisigma factor. Homology searches suggest that Campylobacter exchanges genetic material with distant G-positive bacterial genera.
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Rodrigues JA, Cha W, Mosci RE, Mukherjee S, Newton DW, Lephart P, Salimnia H, Khalife W, Rudrik JT, Manning SD. Epidemiologic Associations Vary Between Tetracycline and Fluoroquinolone Resistant Campylobacter jejuni Infections. Front Public Health 2021; 9:672473. [PMID: 34262891 PMCID: PMC8273344 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.672473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis and antibiotic resistant C. jejuni are a serious threat to public health. Herein, we sought to evaluate trends in C. jejuni infections, quantify resistance frequencies, and identify epidemiological factors associated with infection. Campylobacter jejuni isolates (n = 214) were collected from patients via an active surveillance system at four metropolitan hospitals in Michigan between 2011 and 2014. The minimum inhibitory concentration for nine antibiotics was determined using microbroth dilution, while demographic and clinical data were used for the univariate and multivariate analyses. Over the 4-year period, a significant increase in the recovery of C. jejuni was observed (p ≤ 0.0001). Differences in infection rates were observed by hospital and several factors were linked to more severe disease. Patients residing in urban areas, for instance, were significantly more likely to be hospitalized than rural residents as were patients over 40 years of age and those self-identifying as non-White, highlighting potential disparities in disease outcomes. Among the 214 C. jejuni isolates, 135 (63.1%) were resistant to at least one antibiotic. Resistance was observed for all nine antibiotics tested yielding 11 distinct resistance phenotypes. Tetracycline resistance predominated (n = 120; 56.1%) followed by resistance to ciprofloxacin (n = 49; 22.9%), which increased from 15.6% in 2011 to 25.0% in 2014. Resistance to two antibiotic classes was observed in 38 (17.8%) isolates, while multidrug resistance, or resistance to three or more classes, was observed in four (1.9%). Notably, patients with ciprofloxacin resistant infections were more likely to report traveling in the past month (Odds Ratio (OR): 3.0; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.37, 6.68) and international travel (OR: 9.8; 95% CI: 3.69, 26.09). Relative to patients with only tetracycline resistant infections, those with ciprofloxacin resistance were more likely to travel internationally, be hospitalized and have an infection during the fall or summer. Together, these findings show increasing rates of infection and resistance and highlight specific factors that impact both outcomes. Enhancing understanding of factors linked to C. jejuni resistance and more severe infections is critical for disease prevention, particularly since many clinical laboratories have switched to the use of culture-independent tests for the detection of Campylobacter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A. Rodrigues
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Wonhee Cha
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Rebekah E. Mosci
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Sanjana Mukherjee
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Duane W. Newton
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Paul Lephart
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Hossein Salimnia
- School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
- Sparrow Hospital, Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Walid Khalife
- Detroit Medical Center University Laboratories, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - James T. Rudrik
- Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Bureau of Laboratories, Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Shannon D. Manning
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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Amino Acid k-mer Feature Extraction for Quantitative Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Prediction by Machine Learning and Model Interpretation for Biological Insights. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9110365. [PMID: 33126516 PMCID: PMC7694136 DOI: 10.3390/biology9110365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Machine learning algorithms can learn mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance from the data of DNA sequence without any a priori information. Interpreting a trained machine learning algorithm can be exploited for validating the model and obtaining new information about resistance mechanisms. Different feature extraction methods, such as SNP calling and counting nucleotide k-mers have been proposed for presenting DNA sequences to the model. However, there are trade-offs between interpretability, computational complexity and accuracy for different feature extraction methods. In this study, we have proposed a new feature extraction method, counting amino acid k-mers or oligopeptides, which provides easier model interpretation compared to counting nucleotide k-mers and reaches the same or even better accuracy in comparison with different methods. Additionally, we have trained machine learning algorithms using different feature extraction methods and compared the results in terms of accuracy, model interpretability and computational complexity. We have built a new feature selection pipeline for extraction of important features so that new AMR determinants can be discovered by analyzing these features. This pipeline allows the construction of models that only use a small number of features and can predict resistance accurately.
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Rivera-Mendoza D, Martínez-Flores I, Santamaría RI, Lozano L, Bustamante VH, Pérez-Morales D. Genomic Analysis Reveals the Genetic Determinants Associated With Antibiotic Resistance in the Zoonotic Pathogen Campylobacter spp. Distributed Globally. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:513070. [PMID: 33042043 PMCID: PMC7518152 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.513070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Campylobacter groups 32 Gram-negative bacteria species, several being zoonotic pathogens and a major cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide. Antibiotic resistant Campylobacter is considered by the World Health Organization as a high priority pathogen for research and development of new antibiotics. Genetic elements related to antibiotic resistance in the classical C. coli and C. jejuni species, which infect humans and livestock, have been analyzed in numerous studies, mainly focused on local geographical areas. However, the presence of these resistance determinants in other Campylobacter species, as well as in C. jejuni and C. coli strains distributed globally, remains poorly studied. In this work, we analyzed the occurrence and distribution of antibiotic resistance factors in 237 Campylobacter closed genomes available in NCBI, obtained from isolates collected worldwide, in different dates, from distinct hosts and comprising 22 Campylobacter species. Our data revealed 18 distinct genetic determinants, genes or point mutations in housekeeping genes, associated with resistance to antibiotics from aminoglycosides, β-lactams, fluoroquinolones, lincosamides, macrolides, phenicols or tetracyclines classes, which are differentially distributed among the Campylobacter species tested, on chromosomes or plasmids. Three resistance determinants, the blaOXA–493 and blaOXA–576 genes, putatively related to β-lactams resistance, as well as the lnu(AN2) gene, putatively related to lincosamides resistance, had not been reported in Campylobacter; thus, they represent novel determinants for antibiotic resistance in Campylobacter spp., which expands the insight on the Campylobacter resistome. Interestingly, we found that some of the genetic determinants associated with antibiotic resistance are Campylobacter species-specific; e.g., the blaOXA–493 gene and the T86V mutation in gyrA were found only in the C. lari group, whereas genes associated with aminoglycosides resistance were found only in C. jejuni and C. coli. Additional analyses revealed how are distributed the resistance and multidrug resistance Campylobacter genotypes assessed, with respect to hosts, geographical locations, and collection dates. Thus, our findings further expand the knowledge on the factors that can determine or favor the antibiotic resistance in Campylobacter species distributed globally, which can be useful to choose a suitable antibiotic treatment to control the zoonotic infections by these bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rivera-Mendoza
- Programa de Maestría en Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Irma Martínez-Flores
- Programa de Genómica Evolutiva, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Rosa I Santamaría
- Programa de Genómica Evolutiva, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Luis Lozano
- Programa de Genómica Evolutiva, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Víctor H Bustamante
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Deyanira Pérez-Morales
- CONACYT-Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
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Cuevas-Ferrando E, Guirado P, Miró E, Iglesias-Torrens Y, Navarro F, Alioto TS, Gómez-Garrido J, Madrid C, Balsalobre C. Tetracycline resistance transmission in Campylobacter is promoted at temperatures resembling the avian reservoir. Vet Microbiol 2020; 244:108652. [PMID: 32402330 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter is the causal agent of campylobacteriosis in humans, a self-limiting gastroenteritis. Campylobacteriosis is a zoonosis, commonly transmitted from contaminated chicken meat by either direct consumption or cross contamination during food manipulation. Presence of plasmids encoding for resistance to antibiotics such as tetracycline is common among Campylobacter isolates. In this report, we studied the effect of the temperature in the conjugation frequency of several tet(O) carrying plasmids, providing tetracycline resistance to the recipient cells. The conjugation frequency from donor cells carrying three previously characterized plasmids (pCjA13, pCjA9 and pTet) and from two clinical isolates was determined. Two temperatures, 37 and 42 °C, mimicking the conditions encountered by C. jejuni in the human and broiler chicken gastrointestinal tracts, respectively, were assessed. Our results clearly indicate that the conjugation process is promoted at high temperature. Accordingly, the transcriptional expression of some putative conjugative apparatus genes is thermoregulated, being induced at 42 °C. The two plasmids present in the clinical isolates were sequenced and assembled. Both plasmids are highly related among them and to the pTet plasmid. The high identity of the genes putatively involved in the conjugation process among the plasmids is in agreement with the similar behavior regarding the temperature dependency of the conjugative process. This report suggest that conjugation of plasmids carrying antibiotic resistance genes occurs preferentially at temperatures that resemble the gastrointestinal tract of birds, the main reservoir of C. jejuni.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Cuevas-Ferrando
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028, Barcelona Spain
| | - P Guirado
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028, Barcelona Spain
| | - E Miró
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Y Iglesias-Torrens
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Navarro
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - T S Alioto
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 4, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Gómez-Garrido
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 4, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Madrid
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028, Barcelona Spain.
| | - C Balsalobre
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028, Barcelona Spain.
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13
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Di Donato G, Marotta F, Nuvoloni R, Zilli K, Neri D, Di Sabatino D, Calistri P, Di Giannatale E. Prevalence, Population Diversity and Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter coli Isolated in Italian Swine at Slaughterhouse. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E222. [PMID: 32046038 PMCID: PMC7074678 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8020222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter spp. are among the microorganisms most commonly associated with foodborne disease. Swine are known to be the main reservoir of Campylobacter coli and a possible source infection of humans as a result of carcass contamination at slaughter. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of C. coli contamination in swine carcasses, the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns of isolates and the genetic diversity between strains obtained from swine and those isolated from humans. The prevalence of contamination was higher on carcasses (50.4%) than in faeces (32.9%). The 162 C. coli isolated from swine were examined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). The results of PFGE indicated a high genetic diversity among the isolates, with 25 different PFGE types. MLST assigned 51 sequence types (STs) to isolates. The most common genotype was ST-854 (16.04%), ST-9264 (10.49 %) and ST-1016 (6.08 %). Results of AMR showed a high resistance to quinolones and fluoroquinolones together with aminoglycosides and tetracycline. Many strains were multi-resistant with predominant R-type TeSCipNa (57%). Five resistance genes were detected along with mutation in the gyrA gene. A strong correlation between phenotypic and genotypic resistance was found for fluoroquinolone and tetracycline. Genetic profiles obtained in swine isolates were compared to those of 11 human strains. All human strains and 64.19% of animal strains (104/162) were assigned to the ST-828 clonal complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Di Donato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, National Reference Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology, Programming, Information and Risk Analysis, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Francesca Marotta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, 64100 Teramo Italy; (K.Z.); (D.N.); (E.D.G.)
| | - Roberta Nuvoloni
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy;
| | - Katiuscia Zilli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, 64100 Teramo Italy; (K.Z.); (D.N.); (E.D.G.)
| | - Diana Neri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, 64100 Teramo Italy; (K.Z.); (D.N.); (E.D.G.)
| | - Daria Di Sabatino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, National Reference Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology, Programming, Information and Risk Analysis, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Paolo Calistri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, National Reference Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology, Programming, Information and Risk Analysis, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Di Giannatale
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, 64100 Teramo Italy; (K.Z.); (D.N.); (E.D.G.)
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Marotta F, Garofolo G, di Marcantonio L, Di Serafino G, Neri D, Romantini R, Sacchini L, Alessiani A, Di Donato G, Nuvoloni R, Janowicz A, Di Giannatale E. Antimicrobial resistance genotypes and phenotypes of Campylobacter jejuni isolated in Italy from humans, birds from wild and urban habitats, and poultry. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223804. [PMID: 31603950 PMCID: PMC6788699 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni, a common foodborne zoonotic pathogen, causes gastroenteritis worldwide and is increasingly resistant to antibiotics. We aimed to investigate the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genotypes of C. jejuni isolated from humans, poultry and birds from wild and urban Italian habitats to identify correlations between phenotypic and genotypic AMR in the isolates. Altogether, 644 C. jejuni isolates from humans (51), poultry (526) and wild- and urban-habitat birds (67) were analysed. The resistance phenotypes of the isolates were determined using the microdilution method with EUCAST breakpoints, and AMR-associated genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms were obtained from a publicly available database. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that C. jejuni isolates from poultry and humans were highly resistant to ciprofloxacin (85.55% and 76.47%, respectively), nalidixic acid (75.48% and 74.51%, respectively) and tetracycline (67.87% and 49.02%, respectively). Fewer isolates from the wild- and urban-habitat birds were resistant to tetracycline (19.40%), fluoroquinolones (13.43%), and quinolone and streptomycin (10.45%). We retrieved seven AMR genes (tet (O), cmeA, cmeB, cmeC, cmeR, blaOXA-61 and blaOXA-184) and gyrA-associated point mutations. Two major B-lactam genes called blaOXA-61 and blaOXA-184 were prevalent at 62.93% and 82.08% in the poultry and the other bird groups, respectively. Strong correlations between genotypic and phenotypic resistance were found for fluoroquinolones and tetracycline. Compared with the farmed chickens, the incidence of AMR in the C. jejuni isolates from the other bird groups was low, confirming that the food-production birds are much more exposed to antimicrobials. The improper and overuse of antibiotics in the human population and in animal husbandry has resulted in an increase in antibiotic-resistant infections, particularly fluoroquinolone resistant ones. Better understanding of the AMR mechanisms in C. jejuni is necessary to develop new strategies for improving AMR programs and provide the most appropriate therapies to human and veterinary populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Marotta
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Teramo, Italy
| | - Giuliano Garofolo
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Teramo, Italy
| | - Lisa di Marcantonio
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Teramo, Italy
| | - Gabriella Di Serafino
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Teramo, Italy
| | - Diana Neri
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Teramo, Italy
| | - Romina Romantini
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Teramo, Italy
| | - Lorena Sacchini
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Teramo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Alessiani
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Teramo, Italy
| | - Guido Di Donato
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Teramo, Italy
| | - Roberta Nuvoloni
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Janowicz
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Teramo, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Di Giannatale
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Teramo, Italy
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15
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Thu WP, Sinwat N, Bitrus AA, Angkittitrakul S, Prathan R, Chuanchuen R. Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, virulence gene, and class 1 integrons of Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis from pigs, pork and humans in Thai-Laos border provinces. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2019; 18:130-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2019.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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16
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Asakura H, Sakata J, Nakamura H, Yamamoto S, Murakami S. Phylogenetic Diversity and Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter coli from Humans and Animals in Japan. Microbes Environ 2019; 34:146-154. [PMID: 30905895 PMCID: PMC6594732 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me18115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The phylogenetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of Campylobacter coli from humans and animals in Japan between 2008 and 2014 were investigated. A total of 338 foodborne campylobacterioses were reported in Osaka, and C. coli was isolated from 38 cases (11.2%). In the present study, 119 C. coli strains (42 from humans, 25 each from poultry, cattle, and swine, and 2 from wild mallard) were examined by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). MLST assigned 36 sequence types (STs), including 14 novel STs; all human strains and 91% of animal strains (70/77) were assigned to the ST-828 clonal complex. The predominant human ST was ST-860 (18/42, 43%), followed by ST-1068 (8/42, 19%); these STs were also predominant in poultry (ST-860, 9/25, 36%) and cattle (ST-1068, 18/25, 72%). ST-1562 was only predominant in swine (11/25, 44.0%). Swine strains showed the greatest resistance to erythromycin (EM; 92.0%), while EM resistance was only found in 2 out of the 42 human strains examined (4.8%). All EM-resistant swine strains (n=15) exhibited a common point mutation in the 23S rRNA sequence (A2085G), and the tetO gene was detected in 22 out of the 23 TET-resistant swine strains. A whole genome sequencing analysis of four representative swine ST-1562 strains revealed abundant AMR-associated gene clusters in their genomes, suggesting horizontal gene transfer events during host adaptation. This is the first study to demonstrate the phylogenetic diversity and AMR profiles of C. coli in Japan. The present results suggest that poultry and cattle are major reservoirs, improving our knowledge on the epidemiological and ecological traits of this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Asakura
- Division of Biomedical Food Research, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Junko Sakata
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology, Osaka Institute of Public Health
| | - Hiromi Nakamura
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Osaka Institute of Public Health
| | - Shiori Yamamoto
- Division of Biomedical Food Research, National Institute of Health Sciences
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17
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Kayman T, Abay S, Aydin F, Şahin O. Antibiotic resistance of Campylobacter jejuni isolates recovered from humans with diarrhoea in Turkey. J Med Microbiol 2019; 68:136-142. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Kayman
- 1University of Health Sciences, Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Medical Microbiology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seçil Abay
- 2Department of Microbiology, Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Fuat Aydin
- 2Department of Microbiology, Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Orhan Şahin
- 3Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, USA
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18
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Crespo MD, Altermann E, Olson J, Miller WG, Chandrashekhar K, Kathariou S. Novel plasmid conferring kanamycin and tetracycline resistance in the turkey-derived Campylobacter jejuni strain 11601MD. Plasmid 2016; 86:32-37. [PMID: 27268853 DOI: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In Campylobacter spp., resistance to the antimicrobials kanamycin and tetracycline is frequently associated with plasmid-borne genes. However, relatively few plasmids of Campylobacter jejuni have been fully characterized to date. A novel plasmid (p11601MD; 44,095nt) harboring tet(O) was identified in C. jejuni strain 11601MD, which was isolated from the jejunum of a turkey produced conventionally in North Carolina. Analysis of the p11601MD sequence revealed the presence of a high-GC content cassette with four genes that included tet(O) and a putative aminoglycoside transferase gene (aphA-3) highly similar to kanamycin resistance determinants. Several genes putatively involved in conjugative transfer were also identified on the plasmid. These findings will contribute to a better understanding of the distribution of potentially self-mobilizing plasmids harboring antibiotic resistance determinants in Campylobacter spp. from turkeys and other sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Crespo
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - E Altermann
- AgResearch Limited Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - J Olson
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - W G Miller
- USDA-ARS, Western Regional Research Center, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA
| | - K Chandrashekhar
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - S Kathariou
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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19
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Sierra-Arguello YM, Morgan RB, Perdoncini G, Lima LM, Gomes MJP, Nascimento VPD. Resistance to β-lactam and tetracycline in Campylobacter spp.isolated from broiler slaughterhouses in southern Brazil. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2015000700006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract The study was carried out to screen and analyze the genetic characteristics of antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter spp. from poultry sources. A total of 141 strains of Campylobacter isolated from samples of broilers of slaughterhouses in southern Brazil was identified by phenotypic and genotypic methods. Campylobacter isolates were evaluated for its antimicrobial susceptibility and the presence of resistance genes. The strains were investigated for antimicrobial susceptibility against two agents (ampicillin and tetracycline) by disk diffusion method. PCR assay was used to confirm the specie and the presence of ampicillin (blaOXA-61), tetracycline tet(O), and the energy-dependent multi-drug efflux pump (cmeB) genes. Campylobacter jejuni was the most ubiquitous; its presence was determined in 140 samples out of 141 (99.3%), whereas Campylobacter coli was found only in one of the contaminated samples (0.70%). The results obtained showed 65% and 35.5% of Campylobacter isolates resistant to β-lactams and tetracyclines, respectively. The cmeB gene responsible for multidrug resistance was detected in 26 isolates out 141 strains (18.5%). Moreover, 36 out of 141 Campylobacter strains (25.6%) were found to be resistant to at least two different antimicrobia resistance markers (β-lactams and tetracyclines).
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20
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Hungaro HM, Mendonça RCS, Rosa VO, Badaró ACL, Moreira MAS, Chaves JBP. Low contamination of Campylobacter spp. on chicken carcasses in Minas Gerais state, Brazil: Molecular characterization and antimicrobial resistance. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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21
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Olkkola S, Nykäsenoja S, Raulo S, Llarena AK, Kovanen S, Kivistö R, Myllyniemi AL, Hänninen ML. Antimicrobial Resistance and Multilocus Sequence Types of Finnish Campylobacter jejuni Isolates from Multiple Sources. Zoonoses Public Health 2015; 63:10-9. [PMID: 25917650 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined for 805 domestic Campylobacter jejuni isolates obtained from broilers (n = 459), bovines (n = 120), human patients (n = 95), natural waters (n = 80), wild birds (n = 35) and zoo animals/enclosures (n = 16) with known multilocus sequence types (MLST) for 450 isolates. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for erythromycin, tetracycline, streptomycin, gentamicin and the quinolones ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid were determined with the VetMIC method. MICs were compared with MLST types to find possible associations between sequence type and resistance. The proportions of resistant isolates were 5% (broilers), 6.3% (natural waters), 11.4% (wild birds), 11.6% (human patients), 16.7% (bovines) and 31.3% (zoo). The most common resistance among the human and bovine isolates was quinolone resistance alone while resistance to streptomycin alone was most often detected among the broiler isolates and tetracycline resistance was most commonly observed in the wild bird, water and zoo isolates. No or negligible resistance to erythromycin or gentamicin was detected. In all data, 12/26 of the tetracycline-resistant isolates were also resistant to streptomycin (P < 0.001) and the clonal complex (CC) ST-1034 CC showed a high proportion of 75% (9/12) of tetracycline-resistant isolates, most originating from the zoo and broilers with closely associated MLST types from these sources. No association between quinolone resistance and MLST type was seen. The low percentage of resistant isolates among the domestic Campylobacter infections is most probably due to the long-term controlled use of antimicrobials. However, the higher percentage of tetracycline resistance observed among the zoo isolates could present a risk for zoo visitors of acquisition of resistant C. jejuni. The resistance pattern of tetracycline and streptomycin most often found in ST-1034 CC could indicate a common resistance acquisition mechanism commonly present in this CC. Overall, MLST typing was found to be a useful method in recognition of potential genetic lineages associated with resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Olkkola
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Nykäsenoja
- The Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Raulo
- The Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A-K Llarena
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Kovanen
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - R Kivistö
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A-L Myllyniemi
- The Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M-L Hänninen
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Exploring PFGE for Detecting Large Plasmids in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli Isolated from Various Retail Meats. Pathogens 2014; 3:833-44. [PMID: 25436507 PMCID: PMC4282888 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens3040833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter spp. is one of the most prevalent bacterial pathogens in retail meat, particularly poultry, and is a leading cause of diarrhea in humans. Studies related to Campylobacter large plasmids are limited in the literature possibly due to difficulty in isolating them using available alkaline lysis methods. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of plasmids, particularly large ones, in Campylobacter spp. isolated from various Oklahoma retail meats, and to explore PFGE (Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis) as a tool in facilitating the detection of these plasmids. One hundred and eighty nine strains (94 Campylobacterjejuni and 95 Campylobacter coli) were screened for the presence of plasmids using both alkaline lysis and PFGE. Plasmids were detected in 119/189 (63%) using both methods. Most of the plasmids detected by alkaline lysis were smaller than 90 kb and only three were larger than 90 kb. Plasmids over 70 kb in size were detected in 33 more strains by PFGE of which 11 strains contained larger than 90 kb plasmids. Plasmids were more prevalent in Campylobacter coli (73.5%) than in Campylobacter jejuni (52%). BglII restriction analysis of plasmids isolated from 102 isolates revealed 42 different restriction patterns. In conclusion, PFGE was able to detect large plasmids up to 180 Kb in Campylobacter spp. which might have been missed if the alkaline lysis method was solely used. Campylobacter spp. isolated from retail meats harbor a diverse population of plasmids with variable sizes. To our knowledge, this is the first study to use PFGE to detect large plasmids in Campylobacter.
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Revez J, Zhang J, Schott T, Kivistö R, Rossi M, Hänninen ML. Genomic variation between Campylobacter jejuni isolates associated with milk-borne-disease outbreaks. J Clin Microbiol 2014; 52:2782-6. [PMID: 24850348 PMCID: PMC4136164 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00931-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial genome sequencing has led to the development of new approaches for the analysis of food-borne epidemics and the exploration of the relatedness of outbreak-associated isolates and their separation from nonassociated isolates. Using Illumina technology, we sequenced a total of six isolates (two from patients, two from raw bulk milk, and two from dairy cattle) associated with a milk-borne Campylobacter jejuni outbreak in a farming family and compared their genomes. These isolates had identical pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) types, and their multilocus sequence typing (MLST) type was ST-50. We used the Ma_1 isolate (milk) as the reference, and its genome was assembled and tentatively ordered using the C. jejuni NCTC 11168 genome as the scaffold. Using whole-genome MLST (wgMLST), we identified a total of three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and differences in poly(G or C) or poly(A or T) tracts in 12 loci among the isolates. Several new alleles not present in the database were detected. In contrast, the sequences of the unassociated C. jejuni strains P14 and 1-12S (both ST-50) differed by 420 to 454 alleles from the epidemic-associated isolates. We found that the fecal contamination of bulk tank milk occurred by highly related sequence variants of C. jejuni, which are reflected as SNPs and differences in the length of the poly(A or T) tracts. Poly(G or C) tracts are reversibly variable and are thus unstable markers for comparison. Further, unrelated strains of ST-50 were clearly separated from the outbreak-associated isolates, indicating that wgMLST is an excellent tool for analysis. In addition, other useful data related to the genes and genetic systems of the isolates were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Revez
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ji Zhang
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Thomas Schott
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland Biology Oceanography, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Rostock-Warnemünde, Germany
| | - Rauni Kivistö
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mirko Rossi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marja-Liisa Hänninen
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
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Tareen AM, Lüder CGK, Zautner AE, Groß U, Heimesaat MM, Bereswill S, Lugert R. The Campylobacter jejuni Cj0268c protein is required for adhesion and invasion in vitro. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81069. [PMID: 24303031 PMCID: PMC3841222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adherence of Campylobacter jejuni to its particular host cells is mediated by several pathogen proteins. We screened a transposon-based mutant library of C. jejuni in order to identify clones with an invasion deficient phenotype towards Caco2 cells and detected a mutant with the transposon insertion in gene cj0268c. In vitro characterization of a generated non-random mutant, the mutant complemented with an intact copy of cj0268c and parental strain NCTC 11168 confirmed the relevance of Cj0268c in the invasion process, in particular regarding adherence to host cells. Whereas Cj0268c does not impact autoagglutination or motility of C. jejuni, heterologous expression in E. coli strain DH5α enhanced the potential of the complemented E. coli strain to adhere to Caco2 cells significantly and, thus, indicates that Cj0268c does not need to interact with other C. jejuni proteins to develop its adherence-mediating phenotype. Flow cytometric measurements of E. coli expressing Cj0268c indicate a localization of the protein in the periplasmic space with no access of its C-terminus to the bacterial surface. Since a respective knockout mutant possesses clearly reduced resistance to Triton X-100 treatment, Cj0268c contributes to the stability of the bacterial cell wall. Finally, we could show that the presence of cj0268c seems to be ubiquitous in isolates of C. jejuni and does not correlate with specific clonal groups regarding pathogenicity or pathogen metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Malik Tareen
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute for Medical Microbiology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carsten G. K. Lüder
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute for Medical Microbiology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas E. Zautner
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute for Medical Microbiology, Göttingen, Germany
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Department of Clinical Chemistry/Central Laboratory, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Uwe Groß
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute for Medical Microbiology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus M. Heimesaat
- Charité – University Medicine Berlin, Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Bereswill
- Charité – University Medicine Berlin, Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Berlin, Germany
| | - Raimond Lugert
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute for Medical Microbiology, Göttingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of food-borne gastroenteritis worldwide. While mortality is low, morbidity imparted by post-infectious sequelae such as Guillain-Barré syndrome, Reiter syndrome/reactive arthritis and irritable bowel syndrome is significant. In addition, the economic cost is high due to lost productivity. Food animals, particularly poultry, are the main reservoirs of C. jejuni. The over-use of antibiotics in the human population and in animal husbandry has led to an increase in antibiotic-resistant infections, particularly with fluoroquinolones. This is problematic because C. jejuni gastroenteritis is clinically indistinguishable from that caused by other bacterial pathogens, and such illnesses are usually treated empirically with fluoroquinolones. Since C. jejuni is naturally transformable, acquisition of additional genes imparting antibiotic resistance is likely. Therefore, an understanding of the antibiotic resistance mechanisms in C. jejuni is needed to provide proper therapy both to the veterinary and human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Iovine
- University of Florida and the Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Juntunen P, Laurila T, Heinonen M, Hänninen ML. Absence of tetracycline resistance in Campylobacter coli isolates from Finnish finishing pigs treated with chlortetracycline. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 114:974-81. [PMID: 23282197 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine whether therapeutic treatment of pigs with chlortetracycline affects the susceptibility of their Campylobacter isolates for tetracycline, ciprofloxacin and erythromycin. METHODS AND RESULTS Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and presence of a tetracycline resistance gene tet(O) were studied in Campylobacter collected before, during and after chlortetracycline treatment. Tetracycline MICs and the presence of tet(O) for additional Campylobacter coli isolates collected previously from seven farrowing farms were also determined. Isolates with ciprofloxacin MICs above the epidemiological cut-off value (ECOFF) were subtyped by flaA restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Tetracycline MICs of 221 Camp. coli isolates remained under the ECOFF at all sampling stages as well as the MICs for 63 isolates from the other farms. The ciprofloxacin MIC was above the ECOFF for 22% of the isolates, and one Camp. coli isolate had an erythromycin MIC above the ECOFF. None of the studied 300 Campylobacter isolates from nine herds carried tet(O). flaA-RFLP typing revealed the heterogeneity of Camp. coli isolates with high ciprofloxacin MICs. CONCLUSION Use of chlortetracycline did not increase the MIC values for the antimicrobials studied. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study demonstrated that susceptibility of Camp. coli isolates is not affected by chlortetracycline therapy if tet(O) is not present in Camp. coli population.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Juntunen
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Kurinčič M, Klančnik A, Smole Možina S. Effects of efflux pump inhibitors on erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline resistance in Campylobacter spp. isolates. Microb Drug Resist 2012; 18:492-501. [PMID: 22741576 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2012.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim was to assess the potency of the efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) phenylalanine-arginine ß-naphthylamide (PAßN) and 1-(1-naphthylmethyl)-piperazine (NMP) and the putative natural EPI phenolic (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) for the reversal of erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates. We investigated target mutations and resistant genes involved in erythromycin and tetracycline resistance and determined the roles of the bacterial drug efflux systems (cmeB, cmeF, and cmeR) in antimicrobial resistance. Our data show that most of the high-level erythromycin resistance and all of the tetracycline resistance can be explained through mutations in 23S rRNA and the presence of the tetO gene, respectively. The EPIs show the ability to partly reverse drug resistance in these Campylobacter isolates. Based on a fourfold or greater reduction in the erythromycin minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), PAßN and NMP had clear effects in almost of all of the isolates tested. PAßN had a highly selective action on the ciprofloxacin and tetracycline MICs. Inactivation of cmeB increased susceptibility to all of the antimicrobials tested, whereas inactivation of cmeF and cmeR had no effects. A notable decrease in resistance to erythromycin and ciprofloxacin in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of EGCG demonstrates the resistance-modifying activities of this natural EPI, and indicates its potential use in the control of Campylobacter spp. in the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Kurinčič
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Tareen AM, Dasti JI, Zautner AE, Groß U, Lugert R. Sulphite : cytochrome c oxidoreductase deficiency in Campylobacter jejuni reduces motility, host cell adherence and invasion. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2011; 157:1776-1785. [PMID: 21372092 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.045567-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni lacks the enzyme phosphofructokinase and, consequently, is incapable of metabolizing glucose. Instead, the pathogen uses a number of other chemicals to serve as electron donors. Like chemolithotrophic bacteria, C. jejuni is able to respire sulphite in the presence of a sulphite : cytochrome c oxidoreductase (SOR) that is encoded by the genes cj0004c and cj0005c; the former encodes a monohaem cytochrome c oxidoreductase and the latter a molybdopterin oxidoreductase. After screening of a transposon-based mutant library, we identified a mutant with an insertion in gene cj0005c that was strongly reduced in its capacity to infect Caco2 cells. Further characterization of a corresponding non-random knockout mutant together with a complemented mutant and the parental strain showed the cj0005c-deficient mutant to exhibit clearly reduced motility and diminished adherence to host cells. Furthermore, the transcription of genes responsible for the synthesis of, in particular, legionaminic acid was downregulated and the mutant had a reduced capacity to autoagglutinate. In contrast, neither the proliferation of the mutant, nor its intracellular ATP content, was altered compared to the parental strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Malik Tareen
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute for Medical Microbiology, Kreuzbergring 57, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Javid Iqbal Dasti
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute for Medical Microbiology, Kreuzbergring 57, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas E Zautner
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute for Medical Microbiology, Kreuzbergring 57, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Uwe Groß
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute for Medical Microbiology, Kreuzbergring 57, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Raimond Lugert
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute for Medical Microbiology, Kreuzbergring 57, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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Tareen AM, Dasti JI, Zautner AE, Groß U, Lugert R. Campylobacter jejuni proteins Cj0952c and Cj0951c affect chemotactic behaviour towards formic acid and are important for invasion of host cells. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2010; 156:3123-3135. [PMID: 20656782 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.039438-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni, an important food-borne bacterial pathogen in industrialized countries and in the developing world, is one of the major causes of bacterial diarrhoea. To identify genes which are important for the invasion of host cells by the pathogen, we screened altogether 660 clones of a transposon-generated mutant library based on the clinical C. jejuni isolate B2. Thereby, we identified a clone with a transposon insertion in gene cj0952c. As in the well-characterized C. jejuni strain NCTC 11168, the corresponding protein together with the gene product of the adjacent gene cj0951c consists of two transmembrane domains, a HAMP domain and a putative MCP domain, which together are thought to act as a chemoreceptor, designated Tlp7. In this report we show that genes cj0952c and cj0951c (i) are important for the host cell invasion of the pathogen, (ii) are not translated as one protein in C. jejuni isolate B2, contradicting the idea of a postulated read-through mechanism, (iii) affect the motility of C. jejuni, (iv) alter the chemotactic behaviour of the pathogen towards formic acid, and (v) are not related to the utilization of formic acid by formate dehydrogenase.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Malik Tareen
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute for Medical Microbiology, Kreuzbergring 57, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Javid Iqbal Dasti
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute for Medical Microbiology, Kreuzbergring 57, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas E Zautner
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute for Medical Microbiology, Kreuzbergring 57, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Uwe Groß
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute for Medical Microbiology, Kreuzbergring 57, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Raimond Lugert
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute for Medical Microbiology, Kreuzbergring 57, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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Deckert A, Valdivieso-Garcia A, Reid-Smith R, Tamblyn S, Seliske P, Irwin R, Dewey C, Boerlin P, McEwen SA. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter spp. isolated from retail chicken in two health units in Ontario. J Food Prot 2010; 73:1317-24. [PMID: 20615345 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-73.7.1317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter is an important enteric pathogen of humans and can cause diarrhea, fever, and abdominal pain. Campylobacter infections have frequently been associated with the handling and consumption of raw and undercooked poultry. Antimicrobial resistance among Campylobacter strains is of concern in the treatment of campylobacteriosis in vulnerable populations. A 2-year multidisciplinary study was conducted in the Perth and Wellington-Dufferin-Guelph public health units in Ontario, Canada, to investigate the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter spp. in retail chicken. Retail chicken samples were collected from randomly selected stores in these health units. Resulting Campylobacter isolates were tested for susceptibility to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (AMC), ampicillin (AMP), chloramphenicol (CHL), ciprofloxacin (CIP), clindamycin (CLI), erythromycin (ERY), gentamicin (GEN), nalidixic acid (NAL), tetracycline (TCY), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT) using the E test. The prevalence of Campylobacter in 1,256 retail chicken samples was 59.6%. Of these positive samples, 9% contained Campylobacter coli, 1% contained Campylobacter lari, and 90% contained Campylobacter jejuni. Of the chicken isolates that were resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents, 301 isolates (40%) were resistant to one agent, 374 (50%) were resistant to two, 39 (5%) were resistant to three, 20 (3%) were resistant to four, and 6 (1%) were resistant to five. Nine isolates (1%) were susceptible to all antimicrobial agents tested. All isolates were susceptible to AMC, CHL, and GEN. Less than 10% of isolates were resistant to NAL, CIP, CLI, ERY, and AMP. Resistance to TCY was common (56%). No isolates had a resistance pattern that included all three antimicrobials important in the treatment of human campylobacteriosis (CIP, ERY, and TCY); however, 24 isolates (3.2%) were resistant to at least two of these antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Deckert
- Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
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Rollo SN, Norby B, Bartlett PC, Scott HM, Wilson DL, Fajt VR, Linz JE, Bunner CE, Kaneene JB, Huber JC. Prevalence and patterns of antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter spp isolated from pigs reared under antimicrobial-free and conventional production methods in eight states in the Midwestern United States. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2010; 236:201-10. [PMID: 20074013 DOI: 10.2460/javma.236.2.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare apparent prevalence and patterns of antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter spp in feces collected from pigs reared with antimicrobial-free versus conventional production methods in 8 states in the Midwestern United States. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SAMPLE POPULATION 95 swine farms that used antimicrobial-free (n = 35) or conventional (60) production methods. PROCEDURES Fecal samples from 15 pigs/farm were collected. Biochemical and multiplex-PCR analyses were used to identify Campylobacter spp. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of erythromycin, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, gentamicin, and tetracycline for these organisms were determined by use of a commercially available antimicrobial gradient strip. The data were analyzed by use of population-averaged statistical models. RESULTS Campylobacter spp were isolated from 512 of 1,422 pigs. A subset (n = 464) of the 512 isolates was available for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The apparent prevalence of Campylobacter spp isolates from pigs on conventional farms (35.8%) and antimicrobial-free farms (36.4%) did not differ significantly. Resistances to azithromycin, erythromycin, and tetracycline were significantly higher on conventional farms (70.0%, 68.3%, and 74.5%, respectively) than antimicrobial-free farms (20.1%, 21.3%, and 48.8%, respectively). Resistances to azithromycin, erythromycin, and tetracycline declined as the number of years that a farm was antimicrobial-free increased. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Production method did not affect the apparent prevalence of Campylobacter spp on swine farms. However, antimicrobial-free farms had a significantly lower prevalence of antimicrobial resistance. Although cessation of antimicrobial drug use will lower resistance over time, investigation of other interventions designed to reduce resistance levels is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan N Rollo
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Lutgen EM, McEvoy JM, Sherwood JS, Logue CM. Antimicrobial resistance profiling and molecular subtyping of Campylobacter spp. from processed turkey. BMC Microbiol 2009; 9:203. [PMID: 19772592 PMCID: PMC2758883 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-9-203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2009] [Accepted: 09/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacter is a major cause of human disease worldwide and poultry are identified as a significant source of this pathogen. Most disease in humans is associated with the consumption of contaminated poultry or cross-contamination with other foods. The primary drugs of choice for treatment of human campylobacteriosis include erythromycin and ciprofloxacin. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of resistance to erythromycin and ciprofloxacin in Campylobacter isolates recovered from turkey carcasses at two processing plants in the Upper Midwest US. Further analysis of a subset of isolates was carried out to assess resistance and genotype profiles. RESULTS Campylobacter isolates from plant A (n = 439; including 196 C. coli and 217 C. jejuni) and plant B (n = 362, including 281 C. coli and 62 C. jejuni) were tested for susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and erythromycin using agar dilution. C. coli were more frequently resistant than C. jejuni in both plants, including resistance to ciprofloxacin (28% of C. jejuni and 63% of C. coli, plant B; and 11% of C. coli, plant A). Erythromycin resistance was low among C. jejuni (0% plant A and 0.3% plant B) compared to C. coli (41%, plant A and 17%, plant B). One hundred resistant and susceptible isolates were selected for additional antimicrobial susceptibility testing, restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the flaA gene (fla typing), and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Fla-PFGE types obtained (n = 37) were associated with a specific plant with the exception of one type that was isolated from both plants. C. coli isolates (n = 65) were grouped into 20 types, while C. jejuni isolates (n = 35) were grouped into 17 types. Most isolates with identical fla-PFGE patterns shared identical or very similar antimicrobial resistance profiles. PFGE alone and composite analysis using fla-PFGE with resistance profiles separated C. jejuni and C. coli into distinct groups. CONCLUSION Ciprofloxacin and erythromycin resistance in Campylobacter recovered from processed turkey occurred more frequently among C. coli than C. jejuni. Fla-PFGE types were associated with a particular species, antimicrobial resistance profiles, and a specific plant. Molecular subtyping in this study provided more information about the relationships among antimicrobial-resistant Campylobacter at the processing level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen M Lutgen
- Department of Veterinary and Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA.
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Albert MJ, Udo E, Jose BT, Haridas S, Rotimi VO. Tetracycline Resistance Is Frequent AmongCampylobacter jejuniIsolates from Kuwait. Microb Drug Resist 2009; 15:115-20. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2009.0892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. John Albert
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Edet Udo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Berneesh T. Jose
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Shilpa Haridas
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Vincent O. Rotimi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
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Ambur OH, Davidsen T, Frye SA, Balasingham SV, Lagesen K, Rognes T, Tønjum T. Genome dynamics in major bacterial pathogens. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2009; 33:453-70. [PMID: 19396949 PMCID: PMC2734928 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2009.00173.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria continuously encounter multiple forms of stress in their hostile environments, which leads to DNA damage. With the new insight into biology offered by genome sequences, the elucidation of the gene content encoding proteins provides clues toward understanding the microbial lifestyle related to habitat and niche. Campylobacter jejuni, Haemophilus influenzae, Helicobacter pylori, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the pathogenic Neisseria, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus are major human pathogens causing detrimental morbidity and mortality at a global scale. An algorithm for the clustering of orthologs was established in order to identify whether orthologs of selected genes were present or absent in the genomes of the pathogenic bacteria under study. Based on the known genes for the various functions and their orthologs in selected pathogenic bacteria, an overview of the presence of the different types of genes was created. In this context, we focus on selected processes enabling genome dynamics in these particular pathogens, namely DNA repair, recombination and horizontal gene transfer. An understanding of the precise molecular functions of the enzymes participating in DNA metabolism and their importance in the maintenance of bacterial genome integrity has also, in recent years, indicated a future role for these enzymes as targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole Herman Ambur
- Centre for Molecular Biology and Neuroscience, Institute of Microbiology, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
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Luangtongkum T, Jeon B, Han J, Plummer P, Logue CM, Zhang Q. Antibiotic resistance in Campylobacter: emergence, transmission and persistence. Future Microbiol 2009; 4:189-200. [PMID: 19257846 DOI: 10.2217/17460913.4.2.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is a leading foodborne bacterial pathogen, which causes gastroenteritis in humans. This pathogenic organism is increasingly resistant to antibiotics, especially fluoroquinolones and macrolides, which are the most frequently used antimicrobials for the treatment of campylobacteriosis when clinical therapy is warranted. As a zoonotic pathogen, Campylobacter has a broad animal reservoir and infects humans via contaminated food, water or milk. Antibiotic usage in both animal agriculture and human medicine, can influence the development of antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter. This review will describe the trend in fluoroquinolone and macrolide resistance in Campylobacter, summarize the mechanisms underlying the resistance to various antibiotics and discuss the unique features associated with the emergence, transmission and persistence of antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter. Special attention will be given to recent findings and emphasis will be placed on Campylobacter resistance to fluoroquinolones and macrolides. A future perspective on antibiotic resistance and potential approaches for the control of antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter, will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taradon Luangtongkum
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology & Preventive Medicine, 1116 Veterinary Medicine Complex, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 500111, USA.
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Padungtod P, Kadohira M, Hill G. Livestock production and foodborne diseases from food animals in Thailand. J Vet Med Sci 2008; 70:873-9. [PMID: 18840959 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.70.873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Thailand is a developing nation dependent on agriculture. Due to lack of modern public health practices, she suffers from the consequences of foodborne illnesses. The number of foodborne infection cases has nearly doubled in the past 10 years. Salmonella and Campylobacter pose the greatest risk of bacterial contaminants, mostly from pigs and chickens, and this paper will review livestock production systems and foodborne diseases from cases stemming from these sources. Due to the complexity of the livestock production systems, collection of data to date has been sporadic, but it is clear that controls are needed in slaughterhouse processing methods, and more communication between agencies and surrounding regions is paramount for proper surveillance to have any significant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawin Padungtod
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Mae Heae, Muang, Chiangmai, Thailand
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