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Kumar M, Muthurayar T, Karthika S, Gayathri S, Varalakshmi P, Ashokkumar B. Anti-Diabetic Potentials of Lactobacillus Strains by Modulating Gut Microbiota Structure and β-Cells Regeneration in the Pancreatic Islets of Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10221-7. [PMID: 38329697 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10221-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, a most common endocrine disorder of glucose metabolism, has become a global epidemic and poses a serious public health threat with an increased socio-economic burden. Escalating incidence of diabetes is correlated with changes in lifestyle and food habits that cause gut microbiome dysbiosis and β-cells damage, which can be addressed with dietary interventions containing probiotics. Hence, the search for probiotics of human origin with anti-diabetic, anti-AGE, and anti-ACE potentials has gained renewed interest for the effective management of diabetes and its associated complications. The present study used an alloxan (AXN)-induced diabetic rat model to investigate the effects of potential probiotic Lacticaseibacillus casei MKU1, Lactiplantibacillus pentosus MKU3, and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MKU7 administration individually on physiochemical parameters related to diabetic pathogenesis. Experimental animals were randomly allotted into six groups viz. NCG (control), DCG (AXN), DGM (metformin), DGP1 (MKU1), DGP2 (MKU3), and DGP3 (MKU7), and biochemical data like serum glucose, insulin, AngII, ACE, HbA1c, and TNF-α levels were measured until 90 days. Our results suggest that oral administration with MKU1, MKU3, or MKU7 significantly improved serum insulin levels, glycemic control, glucose tolerance, and body weight. Additionally, β-cell mass was increased by preserving islet integrity in Lactobacillus-treated diabetic rats, whereas TNF-α (~40%), AngII (~30%), and ACE levels (~50%) were strongly inhibited and enhanced sIgA production (5.8 folds) abundantly. Furthermore, Lactobacillus administration positively influenced the gut microbiome with a significant increase in the abundance of Lactobacillus species and the beneficial Bacteroides uniformis and Bacteroides fragilis, while decreased the pathogenic Proteus vulgaris and Parabacteroides distasonis. Among the probiotic treatment groups, L. pentosus MKU3 performed greatly in almost all parameters, indicating its potential use for alleviating diabetes-associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625 021, India
| | - Tharmar Muthurayar
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625 021, India
| | - Sukumaran Karthika
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625 021, India
| | - Santhalingam Gayathri
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625 021, India
| | - Perumal Varalakshmi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
| | - Balasubramaniem Ashokkumar
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625 021, India.
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Huang W, Lin Z, Sun A, Deng J, Manyande A, Xiang H, Zhao GF, Hong Q. The role of gut microbiota in diabetic peripheral neuropathy rats with cognitive dysfunction. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1156591. [PMID: 37266023 PMCID: PMC10231493 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1156591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Owing to advancements in non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging, many studies have repeatedly showed that diabetes affects the central nervous system in the presence of peripheral neuropathy, suggesting a common or interacting pathological mechanism for both complications. Methods We aimed to investigate the role of abnormal gut microbiota in rats with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) combined with cognitive dysfunction. Glucose-compliant rats with nerve conduction deficits were screened as a successful group of DPN rats. The DPN group was then divided into rats with combined cognitive impairment (CD) and rats with normal cognitive function (NCD) based on the results of the Novel object recognition test. Rat feces were then collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the intestinal flora. Results and Discussion The results revealed that abnormalities in Firmicutes, Ruminococcaceae, Bacteroidia, and Actinobacteria-like microorganisms may induce DPN complicated by cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziqiang Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ailing Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - JieMin Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anne Manyande
- School of Human and Social Sciences, University of West London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hongbing Xiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gao Feng Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingxiong Hong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Costa CJ, Cohen MW, Goldberg DC, Mellado W, Willis DE. Nicotinamide Riboside Improves Enteric Neuropathy in Streptozocin-Induced Diabetic Rats Through Myenteric Plexus Neuroprotection. Dig Dis Sci 2023:10.1007/s10620-023-07913-5. [PMID: 36920665 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-07913-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes Mellitus causes a systemic oxidative stress due in part to the hyperglycemia and the reactive oxygen species generated. Up to 75% of diabetic patients present with an autonomic neuropathy affecting the Enteric Nervous System. Deficits in the human population are chronic dysmotilities with either increased (i.e., constipation) or decreased (i.e., diarrhea) total gastrointestinal transit times. These are recapitulated in the streptozocin-induced diabetic rat, which is a model of Type I Diabetes Mellitus. AIMS Examine the effects that a precursor of nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide (NAD), nicotinamide riboside (NR), had on the development of dysmotility in induced diabetic rats and if fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) could produce the same results. MATERIALS AND METHODS Utilizing a 6-week treatment paradigm, NR was administered intraperitoneally every 48 h. Total gastrointestinal transit time was assessed weekly utilizing the carmine red method. Three weeks following hyperglycemic induction, FMT was performed between NR-treated animals and untreated animals. SIGNIFICANT RESULTS There is improvement in overall gastrointestinal transit time with the use of NR. 16S microbiome sequencing demonstrated decreased alpha and beta diversity in induced diabetic rats without change in animals receiving FMT. Improvements in myenteric plexus ganglia density in small and large intestines in diabetic animals treated with NR were seen. CONCLUSIONS NR treatment led to functional improvement in total gastrointestinal transit time in induced diabetic animals. This was associated with neuroprotection in the myenteric plexuses of both small and large intestines of induced diabetic rats. This represents an important first step in showing NR's benefit as a treatment for diabetic enteric neuropathy. Streptozocin-induced diabetic rats have improved transit times and increased myenteric plexus ganglia density when treated with intraperitoneal nicotinamide riboside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Costa
- Quinnipiac University Frank H Netter MD School of Medicine, North Haven, CT, USA. .,Burke Neurological Institute, 785 Mamaroneck Ave, White Plains, NY, 10605, USA. .,Graduate Medical Education, Internal Medicine Residency, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030-1235, USA.
| | - Melanie W Cohen
- Burke Neurological Institute, 785 Mamaroneck Ave, White Plains, NY, 10605, USA
| | - David C Goldberg
- Burke Neurological Institute, 785 Mamaroneck Ave, White Plains, NY, 10605, USA.,Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3501 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Wilfredo Mellado
- Burke Neurological Institute, 785 Mamaroneck Ave, White Plains, NY, 10605, USA
| | - Dianna E Willis
- Burke Neurological Institute, 785 Mamaroneck Ave, White Plains, NY, 10605, USA.,Weill Cornell Medicine Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, New York, NY, USA
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Diviccaro S, Falvo E, Piazza R, Cioffi L, Herian M, Brivio P, Calabrese F, Giatti S, Caruso D, Melcangi RC. Gut microbiota composition is altered in a preclinical model of type 1 diabetes mellitus: Influence on gut steroids, permeability, and cognitive abilities. Neuropharmacology 2023; 226:109405. [PMID: 36572179 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sex steroid hormones are not only synthesized from the gonads but also by other tissues, such as the brain (i.e., neurosteroids) and colon (i.e., gut steroids). Gut microbiota can be shaped from sex steroid hormones synthesized from the gonads and locally interacts with gut steroids as in turn modulates neurosteroids. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is characterized by dysbiosis and also by diabetic encephalopathy. However, the interactions of players of gut-brain axis, such as gut steroids, gut permeability markers and microbiota, have been poorly explored in this pathology and, particularly in females. On this basis, we have explored, in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced adult female rats, whether one month of T1DM may alter (I) gut microbiome composition and diversity by 16S next-generation sequencing, (II) gut steroid levels by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, (III) gut permeability markers by gene expression analysis, (IV) cognitive behavior by the novel object recognition (NOR) test and whether correlations among these aspects may occur. Results obtained reveal that T1DM alters gut β-, but not α-diversity. The pathology is also associated with a decrease and an increase in colonic pregnenolone and allopregnanolone levels, respectively. Additionally, diabetes alters gut permeability and worsens cognitive behavior. Finally, we reported a significant correlation of pregnenolone with Blautia, claudin-1 and the NOR index and of allopregnanolone with Parasutterella, Gammaproteobacteria and claudin-1. Altogether, these results suggest new putative roles of these two gut steroids related to cognitive deficit and dysbiosis in T1DM female experimental model. This article is part of the Special Issue on "Microbiome & the Brain: Mechanisms & Maladies".
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Diviccaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Eva Falvo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Rocco Piazza
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Cioffi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Monika Herian
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Brivio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Calabrese
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Giatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Donatella Caruso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Cosimo Melcangi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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Corinthian Currants Supplementation Restores Serum Polar Phenolic Compounds, Reduces IL-1beta, and Exerts Beneficial Effects on Gut Microbiota in the Streptozotocin-Induced Type-1 Diabetic Rat. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030415. [PMID: 36984855 PMCID: PMC10051135 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed at investigating the possible benefits of a dietary intervention with Corinthian currants, a rich source of phenolic compounds, on type 1 diabetes (T1D) using the animal model of the streptozotocin-(STZ)-induced diabetic rat. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups: control animals, which received a control diet (CD) or a diet supplemented with 10% w/w Corinthian currants (CCD), and diabetic animals, which received a control diet (DCD) or a currant diet (DCCD) for 4 weeks. Plasma biochemical parameters, insulin, polar phenolic compounds, and inflammatory factors were determined. Microbiota populations in tissue and intestinal fluid of the caecum, as well as fecal microbiota populations and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), were measured. Fecal microbiota was further analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. The results of the study showed that a Corinthian currant-supplemented diet restored serum polar phenolic compounds and decreased interleukin-1b (IL-1b) (p < 0.05) both in control and diabetic animals. Increased caecal lactobacilli counts (p < 0.05) and maintenance of enterococci levels within normal range were observed in the intestinal fluid of the DCCD group (p < 0.05 compared to DCD). Higher acetic acid levels were detected in the feces of diabetic rats that received the currant diet compared to the animals that received the control diet (p < 0.05). Corinthian currant could serve as a beneficial dietary component in the condition of T1D based on the results coming from the animal model of the STZ-induced T1D rat.
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Weng BBC, Yuan HD, Chen LG, Chu C, Hsieh CW. Soy yoghurts produced with efficient GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid)-producing Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ameliorate hyperglycaemia and re-establish gut microbiota in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Food Funct 2023; 14:1699-1709. [PMID: 36722409 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02708a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Soy yogurt has been gaining popularity as a vegan food produced simply by soymilk fermentation with proper microbial manipulation. It is well known that soy containing rich isoflavones is beneficial for ameliorating hyperglycaemic disorders. Soy fermentation can improve the bioavailability of these precious nutrients. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum is one of the most abundant and frequently isolated species in soymilk manufacturing. Soy yogurts produced with efficient GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid)-producing L. plantarum and the deglycosylating activity of L. plantarum were functionally assessed in a STZ-induced hyperglycaemic mouse model. Hyperglycaemic mice were assigned into groups and treated with daily gavage of either dH2O, soymilk, soy yoghurts produced with high GABA-producing L. plantarum GA30 (LPGA30), low GABA-producing L. plantarum PV30 (LPPV30) or the soy yoghurts fortified with additional 30 mg g-1 GABA counterparts (GA + GABA and PV + GABA groups). Except the dH2O group, all soy yoghurt groups retained body weight with improved glucose homeostasis, glucose tolerance test results and renal tissue integrity, while the soymilk group shows partial benefits. Plasma GABA concentrations in the daily soy yoghurt-supplemented groups (LPGA30 and LPPV30) plateaued at 5 times higher than the average 0.5 μM in dH2O and soymilk groups, and their GABA-fortified soy yoghurt counterparts (GA + GABA and PV + GABA) groups were accountable for the restored plasma insulin levels. Gut microbiome analysis revealed dysbiosis in STZ-induced hyperglycemic mice of the dH2O group with breached out facultative anaerobic Proteobacteria over the normal phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Restored gut microbiota with transitionally populated Actinobacteria was demonstrated in the LPGA30 group but not in the LPPV30 group. Soy yoghurts produced with efficient GABA-producing L. plantarum GA30 showed exceptional benefits in modulating gut microbiota with dominant genera of Enterococcus, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, and the presence of some minor beneficial microbial communities including Akkermansia muciniphila, Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum, Corynebacterium spp. and Adlercreutzia spp. Efficient GABA-producing L. plantarum GA30 fermented soymilk to produce soy yoghurts that exhibit profound synergistic protections over rich soy isoflavones to restore pancreatic β-cell functions for insulin production in STZ-induced hyperglycaemic mice. Additionally, the probiotic role of GABA-producing L. plantarum in re-establishing healthy gut microbiota in hyperglycaemic mice implies a possible symbiotic relationship, awaiting further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Bor-Chun Weng
- Dept. Microb. Immunol. Biopharm., No. 300, University Rd., Chiayi City, Taiwan, 600355, Republic of China.
| | - Hung-De Yuan
- Dept. Microb. Immunol. Biopharm., No. 300, University Rd., Chiayi City, Taiwan, 600355, Republic of China.
| | - Lih-Geeng Chen
- Dept. Microb. Immunol. Biopharm., No. 300, University Rd., Chiayi City, Taiwan, 600355, Republic of China.
| | - Chishih Chu
- Dept. Microb. Immunol. Biopharm., No. 300, University Rd., Chiayi City, Taiwan, 600355, Republic of China.
| | - Chia-Wen Hsieh
- Dept. Microb. Immunol. Biopharm., No. 300, University Rd., Chiayi City, Taiwan, 600355, Republic of China.
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Functional and Taxonomic Traits of the Gut Microbiota in Type 1 Diabetes Children at the Onset: A Metaproteomic Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415982. [PMID: 36555624 PMCID: PMC9787575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune metabolic disorder with onset in pediatric/adolescent age, characterized by insufficient insulin production, due to a progressive destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Evidence on the correlation between the human gut microbiota (GM) composition and T1D insurgence has been recently reported. In particular, 16S rRNA-based metagenomics has been intensively employed in the last decade in a number of investigations focused on GM representation in relation to a pre-disease state or to a response to clinical treatments. On the other hand, few works have been published using alternative functional omics, which is more suitable to provide a different interpretation of such a relationship. In this work, we pursued a comprehensive metaproteomic investigation on T1D children compared with a group of siblings (SIBL) and a reference control group (CTRL) composed of aged matched healthy subjects, with the aim of finding features in the T1D patients' GM to be related with the onset of the disease. Modulated metaproteins were found either by comparing T1D with CTRL and SIBL or by stratifying T1D by insulin need (IN), as a proxy of β-cells damage, showing some functional and taxonomic traits of the GM, possibly related to the disease onset at different stages of severity.
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Siddiqui NZ, Rehman AU, Yousuf W, khan AI, Farooqui NA, Zang S, Xin Y, Wang L. Effect of crude polysaccharide from seaweed, Dictyopteris divaricata (CDDP) on gut microbiota restoration and anti-diabetic activity in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T1DM mice. Gut Pathog 2022; 14:39. [PMID: 36115959 PMCID: PMC9482207 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-022-00512-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is regarded as a multifunctional, immune-related disease which causes massive destruction of islet β-cells in pancreas resulting in hyperglycemic, hypoinsulinemia and hyperlipidimic conditions. The aim of the present study, was to investigate the hypothesis that streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T1DM in Balb/c mice when treated with crude polysaccharide from seaweed, Dictyopteris divaricata (CDDP) depicts improvement in diabetes-related symptoms. Treatment with CDDP resulted in decreased body weight loss, improved food consumption and water intake disbalances. The CDDP effectively improved fasting blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance (OGTT), serum insulin, insulin secretion, rejuvenation of β-cells mass, serum lipid profile and pro-inflammatory cytokines levels. Additionally, treatment with CDDP increased the population of beneficial bacteria such as Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Lactobacillus at phylum, family and genus levels by 16S rRNA sequencing. Furthermore, immunohistological examination confirmed that CDDP reduces the inflammation and restored the structural morphology of colon and upraised the levels of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), Mucin-2 (MUC-2) and tight-junction proteins (TJs) whereby maintaining the gut structures and barrier permeability. Thus, the above presented data, highlights the safe and therapeutic effects of crude polysaccharide (CDDP) from D. divaricata in the treatment and restoration of T1DM disorders and can be used as a food supplement alternative to diabetes medicine.
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Nordin NN, Aziz NK, Naharudin I, Anuar NK. Effects of Drug-Free Pectin Hydrogel Films on Thermal Burn Wounds in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14142873. [PMID: 35890648 PMCID: PMC9316922 DOI: 10.3390/polym14142873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to examine the influence of drug-free pectin hydrogel films on partial-thickness burn wounds using streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats as the animal model. Thirty male Sprague Dawley rats were included in the wound healing study, and scalding water was used to produce wounds in the dorsum region of the rats. Two different formulations of pectin hydrogel films, PH 2.5% and PH 5%, were prepared using a solvent evaporation method. MEBO® (moist exposed burn ointment), a commercial herbal formulation was used as a positive control. The progress of the wound healing was observed and compared between untreated normal rats, untreated diabetic rats, diabetic rats treated with MEBO®, diabetic rats treated with PH 2.5%, and diabetic rats treated with PH 5%. The results showed that diabetic rats treated with PH 5% healed faster than the untreated diabetic rats and diabetic rats treated with PH 2.5%. Interestingly, the diabetic rats treated with PH 5% healed as well as diabetic rats treated with MEBO®, where wounds were healed entirely on day 20. Nevertheless, both PH 2.5% and PH 5% showed a greater zone of inhibition than MEBO® when tested against Staphylococcus aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Nadhirah Nordin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.N.N.); (N.K.A.); (I.N.)
| | - Nur Karimah Aziz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.N.N.); (N.K.A.); (I.N.)
| | - Idanawati Naharudin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.N.N.); (N.K.A.); (I.N.)
- Non-Destructive Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Smart Manufacturing Research Institute, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Khaizan Anuar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.N.N.); (N.K.A.); (I.N.)
- Non-Destructive Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Smart Manufacturing Research Institute, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor, Malaysia
- Food Process and Engineering Research Group (FOPERG), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
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Shen J, Zhang L, Wang Y, Chen Z, Ma J, Fang X, Das UN, Yao K. Beneficial Actions of Essential Fatty Acids in Streptozotocin-Induced Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Nutr 2022; 9:890277. [PMID: 35669071 PMCID: PMC9164285 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.890277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The essential fatty acids (EFA), n3 alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), and n6 linoleic acid (LA) are of benefit in diabetes mellitus, but their mechanisms of action are unknown. We, therefore, examined the effects of EFAs on the metabolism, gut microbiota, and inflammatory and retinal histopathology indices in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) animals, and we assessed the levels of vitreal lipoxin A4 (LXA4)-derived from LA-in subjects with diabetic retinopathy (DR). STZ-induced T1DM rats received LA or ALA 100 μg/day intraperitoneally on alternate days for 21 days, and their blood glucose; lipid profile; plasma, hepatic, and retinal fatty acid profiles (by gas chromatography); retinal histology; activities of hepatic and retinal desaturases; and inflammatory markers (by qRT-PCR) were evaluated. Gut microbiota composition was assayed by 16S rDNA sequencing technology of the fecal samples, and their short-chain fatty acids and bile acids were assayed by gas chromatography, liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, respectively. The human vitreal fatty acid profiles of subjects with proliferative DR and LXA4 levels were measured. LA and ALA significantly improved the plasma glucose and lipid levels; increased the abundance of Ruminococcaceae (the ALA-treated group), Alloprevotella, Prevotellaceae_Ga6A1_group, Ruminococcaceae_UCG_010, and Ruminococcus_1 (the LA-treated group) bacteria; enhanced acetate and butyrate levels; and augmented fecal and hepatic concentrations of cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, and tauro ursodeoxycholic acid in ALA- and LA-treated animals. Significant STZ-induced decreases in plasma LA, gamma-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, and ALA levels reverted to near normal, following LA and ALA treatments. Significant changes in the expression of desaturases; COX-2, 5-LOX, and 12-LOX enzymes; and cytokines in T1DM were reverted to near normal by EFAs. DR subjects also had low retinal LXA4 levels. The results of the present study show that ALA and LA are of significant benefit in reversing metabolism, gut microbiota, and inflammatory and retinal index changes seen in T1DM, suggesting that EFAs are of benefit in diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Shen
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanqi Wang
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqing Chen
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyun Fang
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Undurti N. Das
- UND Life Sciences, Battle Ground, WA, United States
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kandi, India
| | - Ke Yao
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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WANG XS, HU MX, GUAN QX, MEN LH, LIU ZY. Metabolomics analysis reveals the renal protective effect of Panax ginseng C. A. Mey in type 1 diabetic rats. Chin J Nat Med 2022; 20:378-386. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(22)60175-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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12
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Kang ZQ, Hu JL, Chen MY, Mao Y, Xie LF, Yang N, Liu T, Zhang W, Huang WH. Effects of Capsaicin on the Hypoglycemic Regulation of Metformin and Gut Microbiota Profiles in Type 2 Diabetic Rats. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 50:839-861. [PMID: 35300567 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x22500355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Dietary capsaicin (CAP), the main irritant component in pepper, can reduce the incidence of diabetes, while metformin (MET) is a first-line oral hypoglycemic drug. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether CAP on the hypoglycemic effect of MET is pertinent to gut microbiota. The glucose and insulin tolerance of diabetic rats were monitored. The glycolipid metabolism was analyzed by detecting blood biochemical parameters. Liver pathological changes were observed by Hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining. The inflammatory cytokines and intestinal tight junction proteins were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot. 16S rRNA sequencing was employed to analyze gut microbiota profiles. The results showed that CAP and MET co-treatment could significantly reduce fasting blood glucose, improve glucose tolerance, lessen liver injury and inflammatory infiltration, down-regulate inflammatory cytokines and up-regulate intestinal tight junction proteins in diabetic rats by comparing it with MET monotherapy. Moreover, CAP and MET co-treatment altered gut microbiota profiles by regulating microbials' abundances such as Akkermansia. In conclusion, CAP showed the significant hypoglycemic effect of MET and remodulated gut microbiota profiles in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qiang Kang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450007, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Lei Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P. R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 110, Changsha 410008, P. R. China
| | - Man-Yun Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P. R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 110, Changsha 410008, P. R. China
| | - Yu Mao
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450007, P. R. China
| | - Li-Fang Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450007, P. R. China
| | - Nian Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P. R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 110, Changsha 410008, P. R. China
| | - Tao Liu
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518020, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P. R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 110, Changsha 410008, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Hua Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P. R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 110, Changsha 410008, P. R. China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention, (Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital), Hunan 410008, P. R. China
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13
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Environmental Factors and the Risk of Developing Type 1 Diabetes-Old Disease and New Data. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11040608. [PMID: 35453807 PMCID: PMC9027552 DOI: 10.3390/biology11040608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite many studies, the risk factors of type 1 diabetes (T1DM) in children and adolescents are still not fully understood and remain a big challenge. Therefore, an extensive online search for scientific research on factors related to diabetes has been performed for the identification of new factors of unexplained etiology. A better understanding of the role of viral, bacterial, and yeast-like fungi infections related to the risk of T1DM in children and adolescents and the identification of new risk factors, especially those spread by the droplet route, is of great importance for people and families with diabetes. Abstract The incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is increasing worldwide. The onset of T1D usually occurs in childhood and is caused by the selective destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic islet cells (β-cells) by autoreactive T cells, leading to insulin deficiency. Despite advanced research and enormous progress in medicine, the causes of T1D are still not fully understood. Therefore, an extensive online search for scientific research on environmental factors associated with diabetes and the identification of new factors of unexplained etiology has been carried out using the PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases. The search results were limited to the past 11 years of research and discovered 143 manuscripts published between 2011 and 2022. Additionally, 21 manuscripts from between 2000 and 2010 and 3 manuscripts from 1974 to 2000 were referenced for historical reference as the first studies showcasing a certain phenomenon or mechanism. More and more scientists are inclined to believe that environmental factors are responsible for the increased incidence of diabetes. Research results show that higher T1D incidence is associated with vitamin D deficiency, a colder climate, and pollution of the environment, as well as the influence of viral, bacterial, and yeast-like fungi infections. The key viral infections affecting the risk of developing T1DM are rubella virus, mumps virus, Coxsackie virus, cytomegalovirus, and enterovirus. Since 2020, i.e., from the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, more and more studies have been looking for a link between Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and diabetes development. A better understanding of the role of viral, bacterial, and yeast-like fungi infections related to the risk of T1DM in children and adolescents and the identification of new risk factors, especially those spread by the droplet route, is of great importance for people and families with diabetes.
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14
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Wurster JI, Peterson RL, Brown CE, Penumutchu S, Guzior DV, Neugebauer K, Sano WH, Sebastian MM, Quinn RA, Belenky P. Streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia alters the cecal metabolome and exacerbates antibiotic-induced dysbiosis. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110113. [PMID: 34910917 PMCID: PMC8722030 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established in the microbiome field that antibiotic (ATB) use and metabolic disease both impact the structure and function of the gut microbiome. But how host and microbial metabolism interacts with ATB susceptibility to affect the resulting dysbiosis remains poorly understood. In a streptozotocin-induced model of hyperglycemia (HG), we use a combined metagenomic, metatranscriptomic, and metabolomic approach to profile changes in microbiome taxonomic composition, transcriptional activity, and metabolite abundance both pre- and post-ATB challenge. We find that HG impacts both microbiome structure and metabolism, ultimately increasing susceptibility to amoxicillin. HG exacerbates drug-induced dysbiosis and increases both phosphotransferase system activity and energy catabolism compared to controls. Finally, HG and ATB co-treatment increases pathogen susceptibility and reduces survival in a Salmonella enterica infection model. Our data demonstrate that induced HG is sufficient to modify the cecal metabolite pool, worsen the severity of ATB dysbiosis, and decrease colonization resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna I Wurster
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, USA
| | - Rachel L Peterson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, USA
| | - Claire E Brown
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, USA
| | - Swathi Penumutchu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, USA
| | - Douglas V Guzior
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Kerri Neugebauer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - William H Sano
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Manu M Sebastian
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Division of Basic Science Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Robert A Quinn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Peter Belenky
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, USA.
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15
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Gut Microbiome Alteration after Reboxetine Administration in Type-1 Diabetic Rats. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091948. [PMID: 34576843 PMCID: PMC8465486 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antidepressants are drugs commonly used in clinical settings. However, there are very limited studies on the effects of these drugs on the gut microbiota. Herein, we evaluated the effect of reboxetine (RBX), a selective norepinephrine (noradrenaline) reuptake inhibitor (NRI), on gut microbiota in both diabetic and non-diabetic rats. This is the first report of relation between reboxetine use and the gut microbiota to our knowledge. In this study, type-1 diabetes induced by using streptozotocin (STZ) and RBX was administered to diabetic rats and healthy controls for 14 days. At the end of the treatment, stool samples were collected. Following DNA extraction, amplicon libraries for the V3-V4 region were prepared and sequenced with the Illumina Miseq platform. QIIME was used for preprocessing and analysis of the data. As a result, RBX had a significant effect on gut microbiota structure and composition in diabetic and healthy rats. For example, RBX exposure had a pronounced microbial signature in both groups, with a low Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and low Lactobacillus levels. While another abundance phylum after exposure to RBX was Proteabacteria, other notable taxa in the diabetic group included Flavobacterium, Desulfovibrionaceae, Helicobacteriaceae, Campylobacterales, and Pasteurellacae when compared to the untreated group.
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16
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Zaky A, Glastras SJ, Wong MYW, Pollock CA, Saad S. The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Diabetes and Obesity-Related Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9641. [PMID: 34502562 PMCID: PMC8431784 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a progressive disorder, which is increasing globally in prevalence due to the increased incidence of obesity and diabetes mellitus. Despite optimal clinical management, a significant number of patients with diabetes develop DKD. Hence, hitherto unrecognized factors are likely to be involved in the initiation and progression of DKD. An extensive number of studies have demonstrated the role of microbiota in health and disease. Dysregulation in the microbiota resulting in a deficiency of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as propionate, acetate, and butyrate, by-products of healthy gut microbiota metabolism, have been demonstrated in obesity, type 1 and type 2 diabetes. However, it is not clear to date whether such changes in the microbiota are causative or merely associated with the diseases. It is also not clear which microbiota have protective effects on humans. Few studies have investigated the centrality of reduced SCFA in DKD development and progression or the potential therapeutic effects of supplemental SCFAs on insulin resistance, inflammation, and metabolic changes. SCFA receptors are expressed in the kidneys, and emerging data have demonstrated that intestinal dysbiosis activates the renal renin-angiotensin system, which contributes to the development of DKD. In this review, we will summarize the complex relationship between the gut microbiota and the kidney, examine the evidence for the role of gut dysbiosis in diabetes and obesity-related kidney disease, and explore the mechanisms involved. In addition, we will describe the role of potential therapies that modulate the gut microbiota to prevent or reduce kidney disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amgad Zaky
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; (A.Z.); (S.J.G.); (M.Y.W.W.); (C.A.P.)
| | - Sarah J. Glastras
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; (A.Z.); (S.J.G.); (M.Y.W.W.); (C.A.P.)
- Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - May Y. W. Wong
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; (A.Z.); (S.J.G.); (M.Y.W.W.); (C.A.P.)
- Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Carol A. Pollock
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; (A.Z.); (S.J.G.); (M.Y.W.W.); (C.A.P.)
- Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Sonia Saad
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; (A.Z.); (S.J.G.); (M.Y.W.W.); (C.A.P.)
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17
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The Link between Obesity, Microbiota Dysbiosis, and Neurodegenerative Pathogenesis. Diseases 2021; 9:diseases9030045. [PMID: 34201465 PMCID: PMC8293145 DOI: 10.3390/diseases9030045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Current research in medicine in several parts of the world has attempted to establish a link between the occurrence of neurodegenerative pathologies, microbiota dysbiosis, and the incidence of obesity. The body’s response to different physicochemical factors has also been influenced by the proper assimilation of bioactive compounds contained in the food that is ingested. Oxidative stress is one of the major factors that directly affects the functioning of the human microbiota. The body’s reaction to this imbalance is crucial to the progression of inflammatory processes, which are based on molecular mechanisms. Microbial dysbiosis can result in a possibly permanent alteration in the physiological response. This review aims to highlight recent contributions made to alleviating human dysbiosis in degenerative diseases, especially for neurodegenerative pathologies based on the rising prevalence of obesity. We discuss the significance of both microbiota modulation and possible alleviations of pathologies by a modulatory function. We argue that pre- and probiotics (including phenolic compounds stimulating the favorable strain from the microbiota) are an effective alternative that can support the microbiota pattern’s modulation over time and the attenuation of indirect causes that determine dysbiosis. Molecular aspects are presented in support of the modulating role of the microbiota following the use of probiotics.
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18
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Jenkins TP, Pritchard DI, Tanasescu R, Telford G, Papaiakovou M, Scotti R, Cortés A, Constantinescu CS, Cantacessi C. Experimental infection with the hookworm, Necator americanus, is associated with stable gut microbial diversity in human volunteers with relapsing multiple sclerosis. BMC Biol 2021; 19:74. [PMID: 33853585 PMCID: PMC8048248 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01003-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helminth-associated changes in gut microbiota composition have been hypothesised to contribute to the immune-suppressive properties of parasitic worms. Multiple sclerosis is an immune-mediated autoimmune disease of the central nervous system whose pathophysiology has been linked to imbalances in gut microbial communities. RESULTS In the present study, we investigated, for the first time, qualitative and quantitative changes in the faecal bacterial composition of human volunteers with remitting multiple sclerosis (RMS) prior to and following experimental infection with the human hookworm, Necator americanus (N+), and following anthelmintic treatment, and compared the findings with data obtained from a cohort of RMS patients subjected to placebo treatment (PBO). Bacterial 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing data revealed significantly decreased alpha diversity in the faecal microbiota of PBO compared to N+ subjects over the course of the trial; additionally, we observed significant differences in the abundances of several bacterial taxa with putative immune-modulatory functions between study cohorts. Parabacteroides were significantly expanded in the faecal microbiota of N+ individuals for which no clinical and/or radiological relapses were recorded at the end of the trial. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our data lend support to the hypothesis of a contributory role of parasite-associated alterations in gut microbial composition to the immune-modulatory properties of hookworm parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P. Jenkins
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Present address: Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Radu Tanasescu
- Division of Clinical Neurology, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Gary Telford
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Marina Papaiakovou
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- National History Museum, London, UK
| | - Riccardo Scotti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alba Cortés
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Parasitologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - Cris S. Constantinescu
- Division of Clinical Neurology, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Cinzia Cantacessi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Hu N, Liu X, Mu Q, Yu M, Wang H, Jiang Y, Chen R, Wang L. The gut microbiota contributes to the modulation of intestinal CYP3A1 and P-gp in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic rats. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 162:105833. [PMID: 33826935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic and intestinal CYP3A and P-gp in diabetic rats exhibit opposite expression patterns. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, CYP3A1 and P-gp protein and mRNA expression levels in liver and different intestinal segments (duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon) were compared between diabetic and normal rats. The microbiota in the ileum and colon contents was analyzed via 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology. Caco-2 cells were incubated with serum or culture supernatant of colon contents from diabetic and normal rats, and CYP3A4 and ABCB1 mRNA levels were measured. Compared with that in normal rats, hepatic CYP3A1 and P-gp protein expression in diabetic rats was increased. CYP3A1 and P-gp protein was not changed in the duodenum and jejunum but significantly decreased by 29-41% in the ileum and colon of diabetic rats. Cyp3a1 and Abcb1a mRNA expression results were similar to the protein expression results. The composition of some bacteria changed significantly in the ileum and colon of diabetic rats compared with normal rats. CYP3A1 and P-gp protein expression was positively correlated with Lachnoclostridium and unclassified_f_Ruminococcaceae but negatively correlated with Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Turicibacter, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005 and several genera belonging to the family Prevotellaceae. In addition, in vitro cell culture experiments showed that serum from diabetic rats significantly induced CYP3A4 and ABCB1 mRNA expression, while the supernatant of colon contents of diabetic rats significantly reduced CYP3A4 and ABCB1 mRNA expression by 45% and 86% respectively in Caco-2 cells. In conclusion, diabetes exhibited synchronous and regional effects on CYP3A and P-gp expression in the intestinal tract, in which gut microbiota dysbiosis might play an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213003, China.
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213003, China; Department of Pharmacy and Medicine Pharmacy, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huaian, Jiangsu Province, 223005, China
| | - Qinfeng Mu
- Comprehensive Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213003, China
| | - Miaomei Yu
- Comprehensive Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213003, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213003, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213003, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213003, China
| | - Liying Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213003, China
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Highly cross-linked arabinoxylans microspheres as a microbiota-activated carrier for colon-specific insulin delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 163:16-22. [PMID: 33774161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In vivo evaluation of arabinoxylans (AX) microspheres showed to protect insulin from degradation in the upper gastrointestinal tract and carrier insulin to colon. Insulin-loaded AX microspheres (50 UI/kg) decreased blood glucose level by 39% in diabetic rats with a maximum effect at 18 h post-administration, indicating that insulin remains bioactive. The continuous administration (4 days) of insulin-loaded AX microspheres improved the polyuria and increased the production of short-chain fatty acids, as well as Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides in diabetic rats compared to untreated diabetic rats. AX microspheres are a potential microbiota-activated carrier for colon-specific drug delivery and could be useful as a complementary treatment for diabetes.
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21
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Jo S, Fang S. Therapeutic Strategies for Diabetes: Immune Modulation in Pancreatic β Cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:716692. [PMID: 34484126 PMCID: PMC8415970 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.716692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased incidence of type I and type II diabetes has been prevailed worldwide. Though the pathogenesis of molecular mechanisms remains still unclear, there are solid evidence that disturbed immune homeostasis leads to pancreatic β cell failure. Currently, autoimmunity and uncontrolled inflammatory signaling pathways have been considered the major factors in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Many components of immune system have been reported to implicate pancreatic β cell failure, including helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, regulatory T cells and gut microbiota. Immune modulation of those components using small molecules and antibodies, and fecal microbiota transplantation are undergoing in many clinical trials for the treatment of type I and type II diabetes. In this review we will discuss the basis of molecular pathogenesis focusing on the disturbed immune homeostasis in type I and type II diabetes, leading to pancreatic β cell destruction. Finally, we will introduce current therapeutic strategies and clinical trials by modulation of immune system for the treatment of type I and type II diabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugyeong Jo
- Department of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sungsoon Fang
- Department of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Sungsoon Fang,
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22
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Huang R, Ju Z, Zhou PK. A gut dysbiotic microbiota-based hypothesis of human-to-human transmission of non-communicable diseases. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 745:141030. [PMID: 32726703 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have replaced communicable diseases as the leading cause of premature death worldwide over the past century. Increasing numbers of studies have reported a link between NCDs and dysbiotic gut microbiota. Some gut microbiota, such as Helicobacter pylori, have been implicated in person-to-person transmission. Based on these reports, we develop a hypothesis regarding dysbiotic microbiota-associated NCDs, and explore how the presence of communicable NCDs could be confirmedexperimentally. We have also reviewed reports on environmental factors, including a high-fat diet, alcohol, smoking, exercise, radiation and air pollution, which have been associated with dysbiotic microbiota, and determined whether any of these parameters were also associated with NCDs. This review discusses the potential mechanism by which dysbiotic microbiota induced by environmental factors are directly or indirectly involved in person-to-person transmission. The hypothetical interplay between the environment, gut microbiota and host can be tested through high-throughput sequencing, animal models, and cell studies, although each of these modalities presents specific challenges. Confirmation of a causative association of dysbiotic microbiota with NCDs would represent a paradigm shift in efforts to prevent and control these diseases, and should stimulate additional studies on the associations among environmental factors, gut microbiota, and NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
| | - Zhao Ju
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Ping-Kun Zhou
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, AMMS, Beijing 100850, PR China; Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China.
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23
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Ibrahim KS, Bourwis N, Dolan S, Lang S, Spencer J, Craft JA. Characterisation of gut microbiota of obesity and type 2 diabetes in a rodent model. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA FOOD AND HEALTH 2020; 40:65-74. [PMID: 33520571 PMCID: PMC7817511 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2019-031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Various studies have suggested that the gut microbiome interacts with the host and may have a significant role in the aetiology of obesity and Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). It was hypothesised that bacterial communities in obesity and T2D differ from control and compromise normal interactions between host and microbiota. Obesity and T2D were developed in rats by feeding a high-fat diet or a high-fat diet plus a single low-dose streptozotocin administration, respectively. The microbiome profiles and their metabolic potentials were established by metagenomic 16S rRNA sequencing and bioinformatics. Taxonomy and predicted metabolism-related genes in obesity and T2D were markedly different from controls and indeed from each other. Diversity was reduced in T2D but not in Obese rats. Factors likely to compromise host intestinal, barrier integrity were found in Obese and T2D rats including predicted, decreased bacterial butyrate production. Capacity to increase energy extraction via ABC-transporters and carbohydrate metabolism were enhanced in Obese and T2D rats. T2D was characterized by increased proinflammatory molecules. While obesity and T2D show distinct differences, results suggest that in both conditions Bacteroides and Blautia species were increased indicating a possible mechanistic link.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid S Ibrahim
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, G4 0BA, United Kingdom.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zakho, Zakho International Road, Kurdistan Region-Iraq
| | - Nowara Bourwis
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, G4 0BA, United Kingdom
| | - Sharron Dolan
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, G4 0BA, United Kingdom
| | - Sue Lang
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, G4 0BA, United Kingdom.,Present address: School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Portland Building, City Campus, Leeds, LS1 3HE, United Kingdom
| | - Janice Spencer
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, G4 0BA, United Kingdom
| | - John A Craft
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, G4 0BA, United Kingdom
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Yanni AE, Mitropoulou G, Prapa I, Agrogiannis G, Kostomitsopoulos N, Bezirtzoglou E, Kourkoutas Y, Karathanos VT. Functional modulation of gut microbiota in diabetic rats following dietary intervention with pistachio nuts ( Pistacia vera L.). Metabol Open 2020; 7:100040. [PMID: 32812934 PMCID: PMC7424811 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2020.100040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbiota holds a key-role in numerous biological functions and has emerged as a driving force for the development of diabetes. Diet contributes to gut microbiota diversity and functionality providing a tool for the prevention and management of the disease. The study aimed to investigate the effect of a dietary intervention with pistachio nuts, a rich source of monounsaturated fatty acids, dietary fibers and phytochemicals on gut microbiota composition in the rat model of Type 1 Diabetes. METHODS Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups: healthy animals which received control diet (CD) or pistachio diet (PD), and diabetic animals which received control diet (DCD) or pistachio diet (DPD) for 4 weeks. Plasma biochemical parameters were determined and histological examination of liver and pancreas was performed at the end of the dietary intervention. Adherent intestinal microbiota populations in jejunum, ileum, caecum and colon were analyzed. Fecal microbiota populations at the beginning and the end of the study were determined by microbiological analysis and 16S rRNA sequencing. RESULTS Diabetic animals of both groups exhibited high plasma glucose and low insulin concentrations, as well as characteristic pancreatic lesions. Pistachio supplementation significantly increased lactobacilli and bifidobacteria populations in jejunum, ileum and caecum (p < 0.05) and normalized microbial flora in all examined intestinal regions of diabetic animals. After 4 weeks of supplementation, populations of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli were increased in feces of both healthy and diabetic animals, while enterococci levels were decreased (p < 0.05). Next Generation Sequencing of fecal samples revealed increased and decreased counts of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, respectively, in healthy animals that received the pistachio diet. Actinobacteria OTUs were higher in diabetic animals and increased over time in the pistachio treated groups, along with increased abundance of Bifidobacterium. Lactobacillus, Turicibacter and Romboutsia populations were elevated in healthy animals administered the pistachio nuts. Of note, relative abundance of Bacteroides was higher in healthy than in diabetic rats (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Dietary pistachio restored normal flora and enhanced the presence of beneficial microbes in the rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia E. Yanni
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Gregoria Mitropoulou
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, GR, 68100, Greece
| | - Ioanna Prapa
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, GR, 68100, Greece
| | - Georgios Agrogiannis
- First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Eugenia Bezirtzoglou
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Yiannis Kourkoutas
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, GR, 68100, Greece
| | - Vaios T. Karathanos
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Liu C, Shao W, Gao M, Liu J, Guo Q, Jin J, Meng F. Changes in intestinal flora in patients with type 2 diabetes on a low-fat diet during 6 months of follow-up. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:40. [PMID: 32952631 PMCID: PMC7480128 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is closely associated with changes in the composition of the gut microbiota. To date, studies on the gut microbiota have focused on the genus-level composition and microbial gene sets, whereas changes in the microbiota after clinical treatment have remained largely elusive. In the present study, 16 subjects with T2DM were enrolled and treated long-term with a low-fat diet. Stool samples were collected at the initial diagnosis and after 1, 3 and 6 months of treatment, and named as group T0, T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Simultaneously, stool samples from 16 healthy individuals were collected as a control (group C). In addition, 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing was performed to detect differences in the microbiota between the groups. Following the low-fat diet treatment, the patients' fasting plasma glucose, plasma glucose 2 h after challenge, glycosylated haemoglobin A1c and body mass index (BMI) decreased significantly. The composition of the phylum in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was similar to that in healthy individuals. A total of 23 genera from four phyla, namely Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria, were determined to be different between group T0 and group C, while only 8 genera were different between group T3 and group C. Repeated analysis of variance suggested a complex change during the low-fat diet treatment. The butyrate-producing bacteria Anaerotruncus exhibited a slight increase, while Roseburia was significantly increased at the T1 stage but then gradually decreased at the later stage. In summary, a low-fat diet was effective for patients with T2DM in reducing blood glucose and the BMI, and, to a certain extent, improving the intestinal flora to reach a normal composition. The study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR; registration no. ChiCTR1900028663).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengguo Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhoushan Putuo District People's Hospital, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316199, P.R. China
| | - Wei Shao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhoushan Putuo District People's Hospital, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316199, P.R. China
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Zhoushan Putuo District People's Hospital, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316199, P.R. China
| | - Jinyao Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhoushan Putuo District People's Hospital, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316199, P.R. China
| | - Qiongyao Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhoushan Putuo District People's Hospital, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316199, P.R. China
| | - Jie Jin
- Department of Research Service, Zhiyuan Medical Inspection Institute Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Fei Meng
- Department of Research Service, Zhiyuan Medical Inspection Institute Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
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Elias-Oliveira J, Leite JA, Pereira ÍS, Guimarães JB, Manso GMDC, Silva JS, Tostes RC, Carlos D. NLR and Intestinal Dysbiosis-Associated Inflammatory Illness: Drivers or Dampers? Front Immunol 2020; 11:1810. [PMID: 32903730 PMCID: PMC7438795 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiome maintains a close relationship with the host immunity. This connection fosters a health state by direct and indirect mechanisms. Direct influences occur mainly through the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), gastrointestinal hormones and precursors of bioactive molecules. Indirect mechanisms comprise the crosstalk between bacterial products and the host's innate immune system. Conversely, intestinal dysbiosis is a condition found in a large number of chronic intestinal inflammatory diseases, such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, as well as in diseases associated with low-grade inflammation, such as obesity, type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. NOD-Like receptors (NLRs) are cytoplasmic receptors expressed by adaptive and innate immune cells that form a multiprotein complex, termed the inflammasome, responsible for the release of mature interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. NLRs are also involved in the recognition of bacterial components and production of antimicrobial molecules that shape the gut microbiota and maintain the intestinal homeostasis. Recent novel findings show that NLRs may act as positive or negative regulators of inflammation by modulating NF-κB activation. This mini-review presents current and updated evidence on the interplay between NLRs and gut microbiota and their dual role, contributing to progression or conferring protection, in diabetes and other inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson Elias-Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Antônio Leite
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ítalo Sousa Pereira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Jhefferson Barbosa Guimarães
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Martins da Costa Manso
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - João Santana Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Rita Cássia Tostes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Daniela Carlos
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Dey P. The role of gut microbiome in chemical-induced metabolic and toxicological murine disease models. Life Sci 2020; 258:118172. [PMID: 32738359 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The role of gut microbiome in human health and disease is well established. While evidence-based pharmacological studies utilize a variety of chemical-induced metabolic and toxicological disease models that in part recapitulate the natural mode of disease pathogenesis, the mode of actions of these disease models are likely underexplored. Conventionally, the mechanistic principles of these disease models are established as direct tissue toxicity through redox imbalance and pro-inflammatory injury. However, emerging evidences suggest that the mode of action of these chemicals could be largely associated with changes in gut microbial populations, diversity and metabolic functions, affecting pathological changes along the gut-liver and gut-pancreas axis. Especially in these disease models, reversal of disease severity or less sensitivity to induced disease pathogenesis has been observed when germ-free or antibiotic-supplemented microbiota-depleted rodents were treated with disease causing chemicals. Thus, by summarizing evidences from in vivo pharmacological interventions, this review revisits the mode of action of carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhosis, diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma, acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity and alloxan- and streptozotocin-induced diabetes through the light of gut microbiota. How changes in gut microbiome affects tissue-level toxicity likely through intestinal-level mechanisms like gastrointestinal inflammation and gut barrier dysfunction has also been discussed. Additionally, this review discusses potential pitfalls of inconsistent experimental models that precludes defining the gut microbial effects in evidence-based pharmacology. Collectively, this review emphasizes the underexplored role of microbial intervention in experimental pharmacology and aims to provide direction towards redefining and establishing microbiome-centric alternative mode of action of chemical-induced metabolic and toxicological disease models in pharmacological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyankar Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India.
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28
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Yin R, Xue Y, Hu J, Hu X, Shen Q. The effects of diet and streptozotocin on metabolism and gut microbiota in a type 2 diabetes mellitus mouse model. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2020.1761302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Grain processing, National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetable Processing, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Xue
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Grain processing, National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetable Processing, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinrong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Grain processing, National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetable Processing, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaosong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Grain processing, National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetable Processing, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qun Shen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Grain processing, National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetable Processing, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Metabolic abnormalities exacerbate Sjögren's syndrome by and is associated with increased the population of interleukin-17-producing cells in NOD/ShiLtJ mice. J Transl Med 2020; 18:186. [PMID: 32370746 PMCID: PMC7201776 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02343-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease mediated by lymphocytic infiltration into exocrine glands, resulting in progressive lacrimal and salivary destruction and dysfunctional glandular secretion. Metabolic syndrome influences the immune system. To investigate its relationship with metabolic abnormalities, we evaluated the pathogenesis of SS and the immune cell populations in non-obese diabetic NOD/ShiLtJ mice with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Methods To induce metabolic abnormalities, streptozotocin (STZ)—a glucosamine–nitrosourea compound that destroys pancreatic β cells, resulting in T1D—was injected into NOD/ShiLtJ mice. The blood glucose level was measured to evaluate induction of T1D. The severity of SS was assessed by determining the body weight, salivary flow rate, and histologic parameters. The expression levels of proinflammatory factors in the salivary glands, lacrimal gland, and spleen were quantified by real–time PCR. The populations of various T– and B–cell subtypes in the peripheral blood, spleen, and salivary glands were assessed by flow cytometry. Results Induction of T1D in NOD/ShiLtJ mice increased both the severity of SS and the levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the salivary glands compared to the controls. Furthermore, the number of interleukin-17–producing immune cells in the peripheral blood, spleen, and salivary glands was increased in STZ- compared to vehicle-treated NOD/ShiLtJ mice. Conclusions Metabolic abnormalities play an important role in the development of SS.
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Abstract
The susceptibility and severity of periodontal diseases is made more severe by diabetes, with the impact on the disease process inversely proportional to the level of glycemic control. Although type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus have different etiologies, and their impact on bone is not identical, they share many of the same complications. Studies in animals and humans agree that both forms of diabetes increase inflammatory events in periodontal tissue, impair new bone formation, and increase expression of RANKL in response to bacterial challenge. High levels of glucose, reactive oxygen species, and advanced glycation end-products are found in the periodontium of diabetic individuals and lead to increased activation of nuclear factor-kappa B and expression of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1. Studies in animals, moreover, suggest that there are multiple cell types in periodontal tissues that are affected by diabetes, including leukocytes, vascular cells, mesenchymal stem cells, periodontal ligament fibroblasts, osteoblasts, and osteocytes. The etiology of periodontal disease involves the host response to bacterial challenge that is affected by diabetes, which increases the expression of RANKL and reduces coupled bone formation. In addition, the inflammatory response also modifies the oral microbiota to render it more pathogenic, as demonstrated by increased inflammation and bone loss in animals where bacteria are transferred from diabetic donors to germ-free hosts compared with transfer from normoglycemic donors. This approach has the advantage of not relying upon limited knowledge of the specific bacterial taxa to determine pathogenicity, and examines the overall impact of the microbiota rather than the presumed pathogenicity of a few bacterial groups. Thus, animal studies have provided new insights into pathogenic mechanisms that identify cause-and-effect relationships that are difficult to perform in human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana T Graves
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zhenjiang Ding
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yingming Yang
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Relationship between hyperlipidemia and the gut microbiome of rats, characterized using high-throughput sequencing. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Wang Y, Chen J, Li S, Zhang X, Guo Z, Hu J, Shao X, Song N, Zhao Y, Li H, Yang G, Xu C, Wei C. Exogenous spermine attenuates rat diabetic cardiomyopathy via suppressing ROS-p53 mediated downregulation of calcium-sensitive receptor. Redox Biol 2020; 32:101514. [PMID: 32234613 PMCID: PMC7113441 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a severe complication of type 1 diabetic (T1D) patients, manifested as combined diastolic and systolic dysfunction. DCM is associated with impaired calcium homeostasis secondary to decreased calcium-sensitive receptor (CaSR) expression. Spermine, a direct agonist of CaSR, was found deficient in cardiomyocytes of T1D rats. However, the role of spermine in DCM was unclear. Here, we examined the cardioprotective effect of exogenous spermine on DCM in streptozotocin (STZ) induced-T1D rats and high-glucose (HG)-incubated neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Exogenous spermine significantly attenuated cardiac dysfunction in T1D rats, characterized by improved echocardiography, less fibrosis, reduced myocardial endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and oxidative stress, and increased expression of myocardial membrane CaSR. In cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, exogenous spermine attenuated myocardial injury induced by HG treatment, demonstrated by restored cellular glucose uptake capacity, reduced expression of apoptotic markers, lowered level of oxidative stress, ER stress and unfolded protein response, and upregulated cell membrane CaSR. Mechanistically, the cardioprotective effect of spermine appeared dependent upon effective elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and up-regulation of CaSR expression by suppressing the Nrf2-ROS-p53-MuRF1 axis. Taken together, these results suggest that exogenous spermine protects against DCM in vivo and in vitro, partially via suppressing ROS and p53-mediated downregulation of cell membrane CaSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehong Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Junting Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Siwei Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xinying Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Zuoming Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xiaoting Shao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Ningyang Song
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yajun Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Hongzhu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Guangdong Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Changqing Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Can Wei
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Diabetes has a detrimental effect on bone, increasing the risk of fracture and formation of osteolytic lesions such as those seen in periodontitis. Several diabetic complications are caused by diabetes-enhanced inflammation. This review examines mechanisms by which IL-17 contributes to diabetes-enhanced periodontitis and other effects of IL-17 on bone. RECENT FINDINGS IL-17 upregulates anti-bacterial defenses, yet its expression is also linked to a destructive host response in the periodontium. Periodontal disease is caused by bacteria that stimulate an inflammatory response. Diabetes-enhanced IL-17 increases gingival inflammation, which alters the composition of the oral microbiota to increase its pathogenicity. In addition, IL-17 can induce osteoclastogenesis by upregulation of TNF and RANKL in a number of cell types, and IL-17 has differential effects on osteoblasts and their progenitors. Increased IL-17 production caused by diabetes alters the pathogenicity of the oral microbiota and can promote periodontal bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Huang
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 S 40th St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Xiyan Pei
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 S 40th St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- First Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, 37 Xishiku Avenue, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Dana T Graves
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 S 40th St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Sarvestani FS, Zare MA, Saki F, Koohpeyma F, Al-Abdullah IH, Azarpira N. The effect of human wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells on MC4R, NPY, and LEPR gene expression levels in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020; 23:214-223. [PMID: 32405365 PMCID: PMC7211357 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2019.39582.9387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease resulting from inflammatory destruction of islets β-cells. Nowadays, progress in cell therapy, especially mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) proposes numerous potential remedies for T1D. We aimed to investigate the combination therapeutic effect of these cells with insulin and metformin on neuropeptide Y, melanocortin-4 receptor, and leptin receptor genes expression in TID. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundreds male rats were randomly divided into seven groups: the control, diabetes, insulin (Ins.), insulin+metformin (Ins.Met.), Wharton's Jelly-derived MSCs (WJ-MSCs), insulin+metformin+WJ-MSCs (Ins.Met.MSCs), and insulin+WJ-MSCs (Ins.MSCs). Treatment was performed from the first day after diagnosis as diabetes. Groups of the recipient WJ-MSCs were intraportally injected with 2× 10⁶ MSCs/kg at the 7th and 28th days of study. Fasting blood sugar was monitored and tissues and genes analysis were performed. RESULTS The blood glucose levels were slightly decreased in all treatment groups within 20th and 45th days compared to the diabetic group. The C-peptide level enhanced in these groups compared to the diabetic group, but this increment in Ins.MSCs group on the 45th days was higher than other groups. The expression level of melanocortin-4 receptor and leptin receptor genes meaningfully up-regulated in the treatment groups, while the expression of neuropeptide Y significantly down-regulated in the treatment group on both times of study. CONCLUSION Our data exhibit that infusion of MSCs and its combination therapy with insulin might ameliorate diabetes signs by changing the amount of leptin and subsequent changes in the expression of neuropeptide Y and melanocortin-4 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Ali Zare
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Forough Saki
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farhad Koohpeyma
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ismail H Al-Abdullah
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, USA
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Ma Q, Li Y, Wang J, Li P, Duan Y, Dai H, An Y, Cheng L, Wang T, Wang C, Wang T, Zhao B. Investigation of gut microbiome changes in type 1 diabetic mellitus rats based on high-throughput sequencing. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 124:109873. [PMID: 31986412 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is increasing year by year, gut microbiota is considered to be closely related to the occurrence and development of T1DM in recent years. In this study, Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were intraperitoneally injected with 75mg/kg streptozotocin to establish T1DM model, fecal samples were collected and DNA were extracted, 16S rRNA microbial gene clone library were constructed, and lastly high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were performed. The results showed that the abundances of pathogenic bacteria such as Ruminococcaceae, Shigella, Enterococcus, Streptococcus, Rothia and Alistipes associated with infection and inflammation in T1DM rats were up-regulated, while the abundances of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus, Faecalitalea, Butyricicoccus and Allobaculum were reduced. Among them, Butyricicoccus and Allobaculum protect intestinal barrier function by producing short-chain fatty acids. This study suggests that intestinal inflammation and reduction of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) caused by the imbalance of gut microbiota are crucial to the pathogenesis of T1DM.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bacteria/isolation & purification
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/microbiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/physiopathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/microbiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/physiopathology
- Fatty Acids, Volatile/metabolism
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome
- High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
- Inflammation/genetics
- Inflammation/microbiology
- Inflammation/pathology
- Male
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Streptozocin
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Affiliation(s)
- Quantao Ma
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.11 North 3rd Ring East Road, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yaqi Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.11 North 3rd Ring East Road, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jingkang Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.11 North 3rd Ring East Road, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.11 North 3rd Ring East Road, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yuhui Duan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.11 North 3rd Ring East Road, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hongyu Dai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.11 North 3rd Ring East Road, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yongcheng An
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Intersection of Yang-Guang South Street and Bai-Yang East Road, Fang-Shan District, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Long Cheng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.11 North 3rd Ring East Road, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Tieshan Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North 3rd Ring East Road, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Chunguo Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North 3rd Ring East Road, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North 3rd Ring East Road, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Baosheng Zhao
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North 3rd Ring East Road, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
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36
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Chen LC, Fan ZY, Wang HY, Wen DC, Zhang SY. Effect of polysaccharides from adlay seed on anti-diabetic and gut microbiota. Food Funct 2020; 10:4372-4380. [PMID: 31276140 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00406h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels due to insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. This study aims to examine the effects of polysaccharides from adlay seeds (PAS) on hyperglycemia and gut microbiota in streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. The administration of PAS in diabetic mice caused a significant decrease in the glucose level and serum levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Similarly, PAS also showed decreased total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) concentrations. Furthermore, a significant increase in the concentrations of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) was observed. Unexpectedly, PAS reduced the concentrations of anti-amyloid beta (Aβ1-42) protein. Also, histopathological examination showed that PAS contributed to the reduction of STZ-lesioned pancreatic cells. Metformin treatment significantly reduced the diversity of the gut microbiota, while PAS treatment altered the diversity and composition of the microbiota. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that the hypoglycemic effects of PAS in type-2 diabetic mice (T2D) may be associated with the regulation of the intestinal microbiota and its metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chun Chen
- College of Food & Biology Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310035, China.
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37
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Gao H, Jiang Q, Ji H, Ning J, Li C, Zheng H. Type 1 diabetes induces cognitive dysfunction in rats associated with alterations of the gut microbiome and metabolomes in serum and hippocampus. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:165541. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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38
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Adeshirlarijaney A, Zou J, Tran HQ, Chassaing B, Gewirtz AT. Amelioration of metabolic syndrome by metformin associates with reduced indices of low-grade inflammation independently of the gut microbiota. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 317:E1121-E1130. [PMID: 31573841 PMCID: PMC6962505 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00245.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Metformin beneficially impacts several aspects of metabolic syndrome including dysglycemia, obesity, and liver dysfunction, thus making it a widely used frontline treatment for early-stage type 2 diabetes, which is associated with these disorders. Several mechanisms of action for metformin have been proposed, including that it acts as an anti-inflammatory agent, possibly as a result of its impact on intestinal microbiota. In accord with this possibility, we observed herein that, in mice with diet-induced metabolic syndrome, metformin impacts the gut microbiota by preventing its encroachment upon the host, a feature of metabolic syndrome in mice and humans. However, the ability of metformin to beneficially impact metabolic syndrome in mice was not markedly altered by reduction or elimination of gut microbiota, achieved by the use of antibiotics or germfree mice. Although reducing or eliminating microbiota by itself suppressed diet-induced dysglycemia, other features of metabolic syndrome including obesity, hepatic steatosis, and low-grade inflammation remained suppressed by metformin in the presence or absence of gut microbiota. These results support a role for anti-inflammatory activity of metformin, irrespective of gut microbiota, in driving some of the beneficial impacts of this drug on metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun Zou
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Hao Q Tran
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Benoit Chassaing
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Andrew T Gewirtz
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
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39
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Dey P. Gut microbiota in phytopharmacology: A comprehensive overview of concepts, reciprocal interactions, biotransformations and mode of actions. Pharmacol Res 2019; 147:104367. [PMID: 31344423 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic and delicate interactions amongst intestinal microbiota, metabolome and metabolism dictates human health and disease. In recent years, our understanding of gut microbial regulation of intestinal immunometabolic and redox homeostasis have evolved mainly out of in vivo studies associated with high-fat feeding induced metabolic diseases. Techniques utilizing fecal transplantation and germ-free mice have been instrumental in reproducibly demonstrating how the gut microbiota affects disease pathogenesis. However, the pillars of modern drug discovery i.e. evidence-based pharmacological studies critically lack focus on intestinal microflora. This is primarily due to targeted in vitro molecular-approaches at cellular-level that largely overlook the etiology of disease pathogenesis from the physiological perspective. Thus, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the key notions of intestinal microbiota and dysbiosis, and highlight the microbiota-phytochemical bidirectional interactions that affects bioavailability and bioactivity of parent phytochemicals and their metabolites. Potentially by focusing on the three major aspects of gut microbiota i.e. microbial abundance, diversity, and functions, I will discuss phytochemical-microbiota reciprocal interactions, biotransformation of phytochemicals and plant-derived drugs, and pre-clinical and clinical efficacies of herbal medicine on dysbiosis. Additionally, in relation to phytochemical pharmacology, I will briefly discuss the role of dietary-patterns associated with changes in microbial profiles and review pharmacological study models considering possible microbial effects. This review therefore, emphasize on the timely and critically needed evidence-based phytochemical studies focusing on gut microbiota and will provide newer insights for future pre-clinical and clinical phytopharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyankar Dey
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
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40
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Cheng Y, Sibusiso L, Hou L, Jiang H, Chen P, Zhang X, Wu M, Tong H. Sargassum fusiforme fucoidan modifies the gut microbiota during alleviation of streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 131:1162-1170. [PMID: 30974142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a complicated endocrine and metabolic disorder, which has become an epidemic health issue worldwide. Fucoidan is extensively distributed in the brown algae and several marine invertebrates exhibiting diverse biological activities. In the present study, the physicochemical property of Sargassum fusiforme fucoidan (SFF) and its effects on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice and gut microbiota were investigated. Diabetes mice not only showed abnormal blood glucose, but also accompanied by multiple symptoms, such as gradual emaciation, decreased body weight, increased food and water intake. Compared with diabetic mice after 6-week treatment, administration of SFF significantly decreased the fasting blood glucose, diet and water intake. Furthermore, SFF attenuated the pathological change in the heart and liver, improved the liver function, and suppressed oxidative stress in STZ-induced diabetic mice. Simultaneously, SFF significantly altered the gut microbiota in the faeces of diabetic mice, decreased the relative abundances of the diabetes-related intestinal bacteria, which is a potential mechanism for relieving the symptoms of diabetes. Therefore, SFF might be considered as one of the promising complementary and alternative medicines for the management of diabetes mellitus in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cheng
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Luthuli Sibusiso
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Lingfeng Hou
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Huijing Jiang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Peichao Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Mingjiang Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Haibin Tong
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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41
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Zhao J, Zhang QL, Shen JH, Wang K, Liu J. Magnesium lithospermate B improves the gut microbiome and bile acid metabolic profiles in a mouse model of diabetic nephropathy. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2019; 40:507-513. [PMID: 29941869 PMCID: PMC6461985 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-018-0029-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium lithospermate B (MLB) is a new drug marketed in China to treat angina, but its low oral bioavailability limits its clinical application to the intravenous route. Paradoxically, orally administered low-dose MLB was found to alleviate kidney injury in diabetic nephropathy (DN) rats, but its mechanism of action remains unknown. In recent years, the kidney-gut axis has been suspected to be involved in kidney damage pathogenesis, potentially representing a non-classical pathway for pharmacologic intervention. To ascertain whether MLB targets the kidney-gut axis, streptozotocin (STZ)-treated mice were prepared as a mouse model of DN. The STZ mice were treated with MLB (50 mg kg-1 d-1, p.o.) for 8 weeks. Twenty-four-hour urinary albumin was detected to mirror kidney function. At week 4, 6, 8, feces were collected; bile acids (BAs) were quantified to examine the alterations in the BA metabolic profiles, and bacterial 16S rRNA gene fragments were sequenced to identify alterations in gut microbial composition. In STZ mice, 24-h urinary albumin levels and total fecal BAs, especially cholic acids (CAs) and deoxycholic acids (DCAs) were greatly increased, and the gut microbiome was dramatically shifted compared with control mice. Oral administration of MLB significantly decreased 24-h urinary albumin levels and total BAs, CAs and DCAs, and reversed CA:TCA (taurocholic acid) and DCA:CA ratios. It also changed the microbiome composition in STZ mice based on operational units. Thus the therapeutic effect of MLB on kidney injury might be attributed (at least partially) to its ability to modulate the disordered gut microbiome and BA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qing-Li Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jian-Hua Shen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Jia Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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42
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Lazar V, Ditu LM, Pircalabioru GG, Picu A, Petcu L, Cucu N, Chifiriuc MC. Gut Microbiota, Host Organism, and Diet Trialogue in Diabetes and Obesity. Front Nutr 2019; 6:21. [PMID: 30931309 PMCID: PMC6424913 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract with its microbiota is a complex, open, and integrated ecosystem with a high environmental exposure. It is widely accepted that the healthy gut microbiotais essential for host homeostasis and immunostasis, harboring an enormous number and variety of microorganisms and genes tailored by hundreds of exogenous and intrinsic host factors. The occurrence of dysbiosis may contribute to host vulnerability and progression to a large spectrum of infectious and non-communicable diseases, including diabetes and obesity, two metabolic disorders that are showing an endemic trend nowadays. There is an urgent need to develop efficient strategies to prevent and treat metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity which are often associated with serious complications. In this paper, we give an overview on the implications of gut microbiota in diabesity, with a focus on the triangle gut microbiota—diet-host metabolism and on the way to manipulate the gut microbial ecosystem toward achieving novel diagnosis and predictive biomarkers with the final goal of reestablishing the healthy metabolic condition. The current research data regarding the precision/personalized nutrition suggest that dietary interventions, including administration of pre-, pro-, and syn-biotics, as well as antibiotic treatment should be individually tailored to prevent chronic diseases based on the genetic background, food and beverage consumption, nutrient intake, microbiome, metabolome, and other omic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Lazar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.,Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences Section, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lia-Mara Ditu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.,Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences Section, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gratiela G Pircalabioru
- Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences Section, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ariana Picu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.,National Institute for Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Prof. Dr. N. Paulescu, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Laura Petcu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.,National Institute for Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Prof. Dr. N. Paulescu, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Natalia Cucu
- Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.,Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences Section, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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43
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Guo Y, Xiao Z, Wang Y, Yao W, Liao S, Yu B, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Zheng B, Ren B, Gong Q. Sodium Butyrate Ameliorates Streptozotocin-Induced Type 1 Diabetes in Mice by Inhibiting the HMGB1 Expression. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:630. [PMID: 30410469 PMCID: PMC6209660 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the immune cell-mediated progressive destruction of pancreatic β-cells. High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) has been recognized as a potential immune mediator to enhance the development of T1D. So we speculated that HMGB1 inhibitors could have anti-diabetic effect. Sodium butyrate is a short fatty acid derivative possessing anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting HMGB1. In the current study, we evaluated the effects of sodium butyrate in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T1D mice model. Diabetes was induced by multiple low-dose injections of STZ (40 mg/kg/day for 5 consecutive days), and then sodium butyrate (500 mg/kg/day) was administered by intraperitoneal injection for 7 consecutive days after STZ treatment. Blood glucose, incidence of diabetes, body weight, pancreatic histopathology, the amounts of CD4+T cell subsets, IL-1β level in serum and pancreatic expressions levels of HMGB1, and NF-κB p65 protein were analyzed. The results showed that sodium butyrate treatment decreased blood glucose and serum IL-1β, improved the islet morphology and decreased inflammatory cell infiltration, restored the unbalanced Th1/Th2 ratio, and down-regulated Th17 to normal level. In addition, sodium butyrate treatment can inhibit the pancreatic HMGB1 and NF-κB p65 protein expression. Therefore, we proposed that sodium butyrate should ameliorate STZ-induced T1D by down-regulating NF-κB mediated inflammatory signal pathway through inhibiting HMGB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Guo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Zheng Xiao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Weihua Yao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Shun Liao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Jianqiang Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yanxiang Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Bing Zheng
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Boxu Ren
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Quan Gong
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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44
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Evaluation of different mucosal microbiota leads to gut microbiota-based prediction of type 1 diabetes in NOD mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15451. [PMID: 30337545 PMCID: PMC6193974 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33571-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a progressive autoimmune disease in which the insulin-producing beta cells are destroyed by auto-reactive T cells. Recent studies suggest that microbiota are closely associated with disease development. We studied gut, oral and vaginal microbiota longitudinally in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. We showed that the composition of microbiota is very different at the different mucosal sites and between young and adult mice. Gut microbiota are more diverse than oral or vaginal microbiota and the changes were more evident in the mice before and after onset of diabetes. Using alpha-diversity, Gram-positive/Gram-negative ratio as well as the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Erysipelotrichaceae in the gut microbiota, at 8 weeks of age, we formulated a predictive algorithm for T1D development in a cohort of 63 female NOD mice. Using this algorithm, we obtained 80% accuracy of prediction of diabetes onset, in two independent experiments, totaling 29 mice, with Area Under the Curve of 0.776 by ROC analysis. Interestingly, we did not find differences in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the mice at 8 weeks of age, regardless of later diabetes development. Our results suggest that the algorithm could potentially be used in early prediction of future T1D development.
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45
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Corbin KD, Driscoll KA, Pratley RE, Smith SR, Maahs DM, Mayer-Davis EJ. Obesity in Type 1 Diabetes: Pathophysiology, Clinical Impact, and Mechanisms. Endocr Rev 2018; 39:629-663. [PMID: 30060120 DOI: 10.1210/er.2017-00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There has been an alarming increase in the prevalence of obesity in people with type 1 diabetes in recent years. Although obesity has long been recognized as a major risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes and a catalyst for complications, much less is known about the role of obesity in the initiation and pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. Emerging evidence suggests that obesity contributes to insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and cardiometabolic complications in type 1 diabetes. Unique therapeutic strategies may be required to address these comorbidities within the context of intensive insulin therapy, which promotes weight gain. There is an urgent need for clinical guidelines for the prevention and management of obesity in type 1 diabetes. The development of these recommendations will require a transdisciplinary research strategy addressing metabolism, molecular mechanisms, lifestyle, neuropsychology, and novel therapeutics. In this review, the prevalence, clinical impact, energy balance physiology, and potential mechanisms of obesity in type 1 diabetes are described, with a special focus on the substantial gaps in knowledge in this field. Our goal is to provide a framework for the evidence base needed to develop type 1 diabetes-specific weight management recommendations that account for the competing outcomes of glycemic control and weight management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen D Corbin
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida
| | - Kimberly A Driscoll
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado.,Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Richard E Pratley
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida
| | - Steven R Smith
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida
| | - David M Maahs
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Elizabeth J Mayer-Davis
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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46
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Zheng P, Li Z, Zhou Z. Gut microbiome in type 1 diabetes: A comprehensive review. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2018; 34:e3043. [PMID: 29929213 PMCID: PMC6220847 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease, which is characterized by the destruction of islet β cells in the pancreas triggered by genetic and environmental factors. In past decades, extensive familial and genome-wide association studies have revealed more than 50 risk loci in the genome. However, genetic susceptibility cannot explain the increased incidence of T1D worldwide, which is very likely attributed by the growing impact of environmental factors, especially gut microbiome. Recently, the role of gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of T1D has been uncovered by the increasing evidence from both human subjects and animal models, strongly indicating that gut microbiome might be a pivotal hub of T1D-triggering factors, especially environmental factors. In this review, we summarize the current aetiological and mechanism studies of gut microbiome in T1D. A better understanding of the role of gut microbiome in T1D may provide us with powerful prognostic and therapeutic tools in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peilin Zheng
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of EducationNational Clinical Research Center for Metabolic DiseasesChangshaChina
| | - Zhixia Li
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of EducationNational Clinical Research Center for Metabolic DiseasesChangshaChina
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of EducationNational Clinical Research Center for Metabolic DiseasesChangshaChina
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Zununi Vahed S, Moghaddas Sani H, Rahbar Saadat Y, Barzegari A, Omidi Y. Type 1 diabetes: Through the lens of human genome and metagenome interplay. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 104:332-342. [PMID: 29775902 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a genetic- and epigenetic-related disease from which a large population worldwide suffers. Some genetic factors along with various mutations related to the immune system for disease mechanism(s) have contrastively been determined. However, sometimes mechanisms have not been fully managed for the clarification of the initiation and/or progression of diseases to help patients. In the recent years, due to familiarity with the role of gut microbiota in the health, it has been found that the changes of the microbial balance in the industrialized societies can cause a battery of modern diseases, for which we have no specific definition of how they emerge. This work aims to explore the relationship between the human gut microbiota and the immune system along with their possible role in avoiding/emerging of type 1 diabetes (T1D) accompanied with the relation between genome and metagenome and their imbalance in causing T1D. Moreover, it provides novel view on how to balance the intestinal microbiota by lifestyle to hinder the mechanisms leading to T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yalda Rahbar Saadat
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Barzegari
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yadollah Omidi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Xiao E, Mattos M, Vieira GHA, Chen S, Corrêa JD, Wu Y, Albiero ML, Bittinger K, Graves DT. Diabetes Enhances IL-17 Expression and Alters the Oral Microbiome to Increase Its Pathogenicity. Cell Host Microbe 2018; 22:120-128.e4. [PMID: 28704648 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a risk factor for periodontitis, an inflammatory bone disorder and the greatest cause of tooth loss in adults. Diabetes has a significant impact on the gut microbiota; however, studies in the oral cavity have been inconclusive. By 16S rRNA sequencing, we show here that diabetes causes a shift in oral bacterial composition and, by transfer to germ-free mice, that the oral microbiota of diabetic mice is more pathogenic. Furthermore, treatment with IL-17 antibody decreases the pathogenicity of the oral microbiota in diabetic mice; when transferred to recipient germ-free mice, oral microbiota from IL-17-treated donors induced reduced neutrophil recruitment, reduced IL-6 and RANKL, and less bone resorption. Thus, diabetes-enhanced IL-17 alters the oral microbiota and renders it more pathogenic. Our findings provide a mechanistic basis to better understand how diabetes can increase the risk and severity of tooth loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Xiao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China; Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marcelo Mattos
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Shanshan Chen
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jôice Dias Corrêa
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Yingying Wu
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | | | - Kyle Bittinger
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dana T Graves
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Butyrate enhances mitochondrial function during oxidative stress in cell lines from boys with autism. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:42. [PMID: 29391397 PMCID: PMC5804031 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-017-0089-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Butyrate (BT) is a ubiquitous short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) principally derived from the enteric microbiome. BT positively modulates mitochondrial function, including enhancing oxidative phosphorylation and beta-oxidation and has been proposed as a neuroprotectant. BT and other SCFAs have also been associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), a condition associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. We have developed a lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL) model of ASD, with a subset of LCLs demonstrating mitochondrial dysfunction (AD-A) and another subset of LCLs demonstrating normal mitochondrial function (AD-N). Given the positive modulation of BT on mitochondrial function, we hypothesized that BT would have a preferential positive effect on AD-A LCLs. To this end, we measured mitochondrial function in ASD and age-matched control (CNT) LCLs, all derived from boys, following 24 and 48 h exposure to BT (0, 0.1, 0.5, and 1 mM) both with and without an in vitro increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS). We also examined the expression of key genes involved in cellular and mitochondrial response to stress. In CNT LCLs, respiratory parameters linked to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production were attenuated by 1 mM BT. In contrast, BT significantly increased respiratory parameters linked to ATP production in AD-A LCLs but not in AD-N LCLs. In the context of ROS exposure, BT increased respiratory parameters linked to ATP production for all groups. BT was found to modulate individual LCL mitochondrial respiration to a common set-point, with this set-point slightly higher for the AD-A LCLs as compared to the other groups. The highest concentration of BT (1 mM) increased the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial fission (PINK1, DRP1, FIS1) and physiological stress (UCP2, mTOR, HIF1α, PGC1α) as well as genes thought to be linked to cognition and behavior (CREB1, CamKinase II). These data show that the enteric microbiome-derived SCFA BT modulates mitochondrial activity, with this modulation dependent on concentration, microenvironment redox state, and the underlying mitochondrial function of the cell. In general, these data suggest that BT can enhance mitochondrial function in the context of physiological stress and/or mitochondrial dysfunction, and may be an important metabolite that can help rescue energy metabolism during disease states. Thus, insight into this metabolic modulator may have wide applications for both health and disease since BT has been implicated in a wide variety of conditions including ASD. However, future clinical studies in humans are needed to help define the practical implications of these physiological findings.
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Huang G, Xu J, Lefever DE, Glenn TC, Nagy T, Guo TL. Genistein prevention of hyperglycemia and improvement of glucose tolerance in adult non-obese diabetic mice are associated with alterations of gut microbiome and immune homeostasis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 332:138-148. [PMID: 28412308 PMCID: PMC5592136 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although studies have linked soy phytoestrogen 4,7,4-trihydroxyisoflavone genistein (GEN) to reduced type 1 diabetes (T1D) risk, the mechanism of dietary GEN on T1D remains unknown. In our studies, adult non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model was employed to investigate the effects of GEN exposure on blood glucose level (BGL), glucose tolerance, gut microbiome, and immune responses. Adult male and female NOD mice were fed with either soy-based or casein-based diet, and received GEN at 20mg/kg body weight by gavage daily. The BGL and immune responses (represented by serum antibodies, cytokines and chemokines, and histopathology) were monitored, while the fecal gut microbiome was sequenced for 16S ribosomal RNA to reveal any alterations in gut microbial communities. A significantly reduced BGL was found in NOD males fed with soy-based diet on day 98 after initial dosing, and an improved glucose tolerance was observed on both diets. In addition, an anti-inflammatory response (suggested by reduced IgG2b and cytokine/chemokine levels, and alterations in the microbial taxonomy) was accompanied by an altered β-diversity in gut microbial species. Among the NOD females exposed to GEN, a later onset of T1D was observed. However, the profiles of gut microbiome, antibodies and cytokines/chemokines were all indicative of pro-inflammation. This study demonstrated an association among GEN exposure, gut microbiome alteration, and immune homeostasis in NOD males. Although the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of GEN in NOD mice need to be explored further, the current study suggested a GEN-induced sex-specific effect in inflammatory status and gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guannan Huang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, United States
| | - Joella Xu
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, United States
| | - Daniel E Lefever
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, United States
| | - Travis C Glenn
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, United States
| | - Tamas Nagy
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Tai L Guo
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, United States.
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