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Panchal J, Prajapati J, Dabhi M, Patel A, Patel S, Rawal R, Saraf M, Goswami D. Comprehensive computational investigation for ligand recognition and binding dynamics of SdiA: a degenerate LuxR -type receptor in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-023-10785-6. [PMID: 38212453 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10785-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
SdiA is a LuxR-type receptor that controls the virulence of Klebsiella pneumoniae, a Gram-negative bacterium that causes various infections in humans. SdiA senses exogenous acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) and autoinducer-2 (AI-2), two types of quorum sensing signals produced by other bacterial species. However, the molecular details of how SdiA recognizes and binds to different ligands and how this affects its function and regulation in K. pneumoniae still need to be better understood. This study uses computational methods to explore the protein-ligand binding dynamics of SdiA with 11 AHLs and 2 AI-2 ligands. The 3D structure of SdiA was predicted through homology modeling, followed by molecular docking with AHLs and AI-2 ligands. Binding affinities were quantified using MM-GBSA, and complex stability was assessed via Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations. Results demonstrated that SdiA in Klebsiella pneumoniae exhibits a degenerate binding nature, capable of interacting with multiple AHLs and AI-2. Specific ligands, namely C10-HSL, C8-HSL, 3-oxo-C8-HSL, and 3-oxo-C10-HSL, were found to have high binding affinities and formed critical hydrogen bonds with key amino acid residues of SdiA. This finding aligns with the observed preference of SdiA for AHLs having 8 to 10 carbon-length acyl chains and lacking hydroxyl groups. In contrast, THMF and HMF demonstrated poor binding properties. Furthermore, AI-2 exhibited a low affinity, corroborating the inference that SdiA is not the primary receptor for AI-2 in K. pneumoniae. These findings provide insights into the protein-ligand binding dynamics of SdiA and its role in quorum sensing and virulence of K. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janki Panchal
- Department of Microbiology & Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Jignesh Prajapati
- Department of Biochemistry & Forensic Science, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Milan Dabhi
- Department of Microbiology & Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Arun Patel
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkrushinagar 385505, Gujarat, India
| | - Sandip Patel
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkrushinagar 385505, Gujarat, India
| | - Rakesh Rawal
- Department of Biochemistry & Forensic Science, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Meenu Saraf
- Department of Microbiology & Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Dweipayan Goswami
- Department of Microbiology & Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India.
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2
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Angusamy A, Balasubramanian V, Arunmurugan B, Arunachalam K, Issac Abraham SVP, Murugesan S, Krishnasamy B, Sundaram J, Arumugam VR. Anti-infective potential of plant-derived quorum sensing inhibitors against multi-drug resistant human and aquatic bacterial pathogens. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:147. [PMID: 37022521 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03578-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study intended to decipher the anti-infective potential of bioactive phytocompounds, such as rosmarinic acid, morin, naringin, chlorogenic acid, and mangiferin, against aquatic and human bacterial pathogens using Artemia spp. nauplii and Caenorhabditis elegans as animal models, respectively. Initially, the test compounds were screened against the QS traits in Vibrio spp., such as bioluminescence production and biofilm formation. The test compounds effectively inhibited the bioluminescence in V. harveyi. Further, the confocal laser scanning microscopic analysis revealed that these natural compounds could efficiently reduce the clumping morphology, a characteristic biofilm formation in Vibrio spp., without inhibiting bacterial growth. The results of in vivo analysis showed a significant increase in the survival of Artemia spp. nauplii infected with Vibrio spp. upon exposure to these compounds. Moreover, the compounds used in this study were already proven and reported for their quorum sensing inhibitory efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Hence, the anti-infective efficacy of these compounds against P. aeruginosa (PAO1) and its clinical isolates (AS1 and AS2) was studied using C. elegans as a live animal model system. The results of time-killing assay deciphered that rosmarinic acid and naringin are being the most effective ones in rescuing the animals from P. aeruginosa infection followed by morin, mangiferin, and chlorogenic acid. Further, the toxicity results revealed that these compounds did not show any lethal effect on C. elegans and Artemia spp. nauplii at the tested concentrations. In conclusion, the phytochemicals used in this study were effective in controlling the QS-regulated virulence traits in Vibrio spp. and P. aeruginosa infections in Artemia spp. nauplii and C. elegans animal model systems, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annapoorani Angusamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630 003, India
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 025, India
| | - Vigneshkumar Balasubramanian
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630 003, India
- Conservation of Coastal and Marine Resources (CMR) division, National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management (NCSCM), Anna University campus, Tamil Nadu, 600 025, Chennai, India
| | - Balaji Arunmurugan
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630 003, India
| | - Kannapan Arunachalam
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630 003, India
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agricultural Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sybiya Vasantha Packiavathy Issac Abraham
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630 003, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 114, India
| | - Sivaranjani Murugesan
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630 003, India
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | - Janarthanan Sundaram
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 025, India
| | - Veera Ravi Arumugam
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630 003, India.
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Cao Z, Liu Z, Mao X. Application of Quorum Sensing in Metabolic Engineering. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:5062-5074. [PMID: 36967589 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic engineering is widely utilized in the food and other fields and has the benefits of low-cost substrates, eco-friendly fermentation processes, and efficient substrate synthesis. Microbial synthesis by metabolic engineering requires maintaining the productive capacity of the microorganism. Moreover, economic reasons limit the use of inducers in the exogenous synthesis pathway. Most unicellular microorganisms can interact by emitting signaling molecules; this mechanism, known as quorum sensing (QS), is an autoinduced system of microorganisms. With the deepening research on QS systems of different microorganisms, its components are widely used to regulate the metabolic synthesis of microorganisms as a dynamic regulatory system. In this Review, we described the typical bacterial QS mechanisms. Then, we summarized various regulatory strategies for QS and their applications to metabolic engineering. Finally, we underlined the potential for QS modularity in future metabolic engineering and suggested stimulating research on fungal QS systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoning Cao
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, China
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Bacteria phototaxis optimizer. Neural Comput Appl 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00521-023-08391-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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Milly TA, Tal-Gan Y. Targeting Peptide-Based Quorum Sensing Systems for the Treatment of Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2023; 115:e24298. [PMID: 37397504 PMCID: PMC10312355 DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria utilize a cell density-dependent communication system called quorum sensing (QS) to coordinate group behaviors. In Gram-positive bacteria, QS involves the production of and response to auto-inducing peptide (AIP) signaling molecules to modulate group phenotypes, including pathogenicity. As such, this bacterial communication system has been identified as a potential therapeutic target against bacterial infections. More specifically, developing synthetic modulators derived from the native peptide signal paves a new way to selectively block the pathogenic behaviors associated with this signaling system. Moreover, rational design and development of potent synthetic peptide modulators allows in depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms that drive QS circuits in diverse bacterial species. Overall, studies aimed at understanding the role of QS in microbial social behavior could result in the accumulation of significant knowledge of microbial interactions, and consequently lead to the development of alternative therapeutic agents to treat bacterial infectivity. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the development of peptide-based modulators to target QS systems in Gram-positive pathogens, with a focus on evaluating the therapeutic potential associated with these bacterial signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahmina A. Milly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, Nevada, 89557, United States
| | - Yftah Tal-Gan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, Nevada, 89557, United States
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6
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The Role of Quorum Sensing in the Development of Microcystis aeruginosa Blooms: Gene Expression. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020383. [PMID: 36838348 PMCID: PMC9962132 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) is the dominant cyanobacterial species causing harmful algal blooms in water bodies worldwide. The blooms release potent toxins and pose severe public health hazards to water bodies, animals, and humans who are in contact with or consume this water. The interaction between M. aeruginosa and heterotrophic bacteria is thought to contribute to the development of the blooms. This study strives to provide a specific answer to whether quorum sensing is also a potential mechanism mediating the interaction of different strains/species and the expression by gene luxS or gene mcyB in M. aeruginosa growth. The luxS gene in M. aeruginosa PCC7806 is associated with quorum sensing and was tested by q-PCR throughout a 30-day growth period. The same was performed for the mcyB gene. Heterotrophic bacteria were collected from local water bodies: Cibolo Creek and Leon Creek in San Antonio, Texas. Results revealed that in algal bloom scenarios, there is a similar concentration of gene luxS that is expressed by the cyanobacteria. Gene mcyB, however, is not directly associated with algal blooms, but it is related to cyanotoxin production. Toxicity levels increased in experiments with multiple algal strains, and the HSL treatment was not effective at reducing microcystin levels.
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Wang Y, Ma L, Liu Z, Chen J, Song H, Wang J, Cui H, Yang Z, Xiao S, Liu K, An L, Chen S. Microbial interactions play an important role in regulating the effects of plant species on soil bacterial diversity. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:984200. [PMID: 36187969 PMCID: PMC9521175 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.984200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant species and microbial interactions have significant impacts on the diversity of bacterial communities. However, few studies have explored interactions among these factors, such the role of microbial interactions in regulating the effects of plant species on soil bacterial diversity. We assumed that plant species not only affect bacterial community diversity directly, but also influence bacterial community diversity indirectly through changing microbial interactions. Specifically, we collected soil samples associated with three different plant species, one evergreen shrub (Rhododendron simsii) and the other two deciduous shrubs (Dasiphora fruticosa and Salix oritrepha). Soil bacterial community composition and diversity were examined by high-throughput sequencing. Moreover, soil bacterial antagonistic interactions and soil edaphic characteristics were evaluated. We used structural equation modeling (SEM) to disentangle and compare the direct effect of different plant species on soil bacterial community diversity, and their indirect effects through influence on soil edaphic characteristics and microbial antagonistic interactions. The results showed that (1) Plant species effects on soil bacterial diversity were significant; (2) Plant species effects on soil microbial antagonistic interactions were significant; and (3) there was not only a significant direct plant species effect on bacterial diversity, but also a significant indirect effect on bacterial diversity through influence on microbial antagonistic interactions. Our study reveals the difference among plant species in their effects on soil microbial antagonistic interactions and highlights the vital role of microbial interactions on shaping soil microbial community diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Lan Ma
- College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ziyang Liu
- College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jingwei Chen
- College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hongxian Song
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hanwen Cui
- College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zi Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Sa Xiao
- College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Kun Liu
- College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Lizhe An
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Shuyan Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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8
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AHL-mediated quorum sensing to regulate bacterial substance and energy metabolism: A review. Microbiol Res 2022; 262:127102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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9
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Gu P, Ma Q, Zhao S, Gao J, Li C, Zhou H, Jiang S, Li Q. Application of quorum sensing system in microbial synthesis of valuable chemicals: a mini-review. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:192. [PMID: 35978255 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03382-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
With advantages of low substrates cost, high optical purity of end products and environmentally friendly fermentation process, microbial production of valuable chemicals grow rapidly. Compared with static microbial strain engineering strategies, such as gene deletion, overexpression and mutation, dynamic pathway regulation is a new approach that balances cellular growth and chemical production. Quorum sensing is a natural microbial communication system responsible for cell-density-related cell behaviors. Accordingly, quorum sensing systems can be employed to achieve dynamic regulation in microorganisms without the need for manual intervention or the use of chemical inducers. In this review, natural quorum sensing systems are firstly summarized. Then, recent progress in using quorum sensing circuits in the field of metabolic engineering is highlighted. The current application challenges of quorum sensing systems and future perspectives in microbial synthesis of chemicals are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Gu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qianqian Ma
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Zhao
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Gao
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Changtao Li
- RZBC GROUP CO., LTD., Rizhao, 276800, Shandong, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- RZBC GROUP CO., LTD., Rizhao, 276800, Shandong, China
| | | | - Qiang Li
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China
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10
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Chitlapilly Dass S, Wang R. Biofilm through the Looking Glass: A Microbial Food Safety Perspective. Pathogens 2022; 11:346. [PMID: 35335670 PMCID: PMC8954374 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11030346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Food-processing facilities harbor a wide diversity of microorganisms that persist and interact in multispecies biofilms, which could provide an ecological niche for pathogens to better colonize and gain tolerance against sanitization. Biofilm formation by foodborne pathogens is a serious threat to food safety and public health. Biofilms are formed in an environment through synergistic interactions within the microbial community through mutual adaptive response to their long-term coexistence. Mixed-species biofilms are more tolerant to sanitizers than single-species biofilms or their planktonic equivalents. Hence, there is a need to explore how multispecies biofilms help in protecting the foodborne pathogen from common sanitizers and disseminate biofilm cells from hotspots and contaminate food products. This knowledge will help in designing microbial interventions to mitigate foodborne pathogens in the processing environment. As the global need for safe, high-quality, and nutritious food increases, it is vital to study foodborne pathogen behavior and engineer new interventions that safeguard food from contamination with pathogens. This review focuses on the potential food safety issues associated with biofilms in the food-processing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rong Wang
- Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA;
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11
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Yue H, Miller AL, Khetrapal V, Jayaseker V, Wright S, Du L. Biosynthesis, regulation, and engineering of natural products from Lysobacter. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:842-874. [PMID: 35067688 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00063b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Covering: up to August 2021Lysobacter is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria that was classified in 1987. Several Lysobacter species are emerging as new biocontrol agents for crop protection in agriculture. Lysobacter are prolific producers of new bioactive natural products that are largely underexplored. So far, several classes of structurally interesting and biologically active natural products have been isolated from Lysobacter. This article reviews the progress in Lysobacter natural product research over the past ten years, including molecular mechanisms for biosynthesis, regulation and mode of action, genome mining of cryptic biosynthetic gene clusters, and metabolic engineering using synthetic biology tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yue
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA.
| | - Amanda Lynn Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA.
| | - Vimmy Khetrapal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA.
| | - Vishakha Jayaseker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA.
| | - Stephen Wright
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA.
| | - Liangcheng Du
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA.
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Bidirectional Cell-Cell Communication via Indole and Cyclo(Pro-Tyr) Modulates Interspecies Biofilm Formation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e0127721. [PMID: 34469193 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01277-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular signaling molecule indole plays a pivotal role in biofilm formation by the enteric gammaproteobacterium Escherichia coli; this process is particularly correlated with the extracellular indole concentration. Using the indole-biodegrading betaproteobacterium Burkholderia unamae, we examined the mechanism by which these two bacteria modulate biofilm formation in an indole-dependent manner. We quantified the spatial organization of cocultured microbial communities at the micrometer scale through computational image analysis, ultimately identifying how bidirectional cell-to-cell communication modulated the physical relationships between them. Further analysis allowed us to determine the mechanism by which the B. unamae-derived signaling diketopiperazine cyclo(Pro-Tyr) considerably upregulated indole biosynthesis and enhanced E. coli biofilm formation. We also determined that the presence of unmetabolized indole enhanced the production of cyclo(Pro-Tyr). Thus, bidirectional cell-to-cell communication that occurred via interspecies signaling molecules modulated the formation of a mixed-species biofilm between indole-producing and indole-consuming species. IMPORTANCE Indole is a relatively stable N-heterocyclic aromatic compound that is widely found in nature. To date, the correlations between indole-related bidirectional cell-to-cell communications and interspecies communal organization remain poorly understood. In this study, we used an experimental model, which consisted of indole-producing and indole-degrading bacteria, to evaluate how bidirectional cell-to-cell communication modulated interspecies biofilm formation via intrinsic and environmental cues. We identified a unique spatial patterning of indole-producing and indole-degrading bacteria within mixed-species biofilms. This spatial patterning was an active process mediated by bidirectional physicochemical interactions. Our findings represent an important step in gaining a more thorough understanding of the process of polymicrobial biofilm formation and advance the possibility of using indole-degrading bacteria to address biofilm-related health and industry issues.
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Schoenborn AA, Yannarell SM, Wallace ED, Clapper H, Weinstein IC, Shank EA. Defining the Expression, Production, and Signaling Roles of Specialized Metabolites during Bacillus subtilis Differentiation. J Bacteriol 2021; 203:e0033721. [PMID: 34460312 PMCID: PMC8544424 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00337-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial specialized (or secondary) metabolites are structurally diverse molecules that mediate intra- and interspecies interactions by altering growth and cellular physiology and differentiation. Bacillus subtilis, a Gram-positive model bacterium commonly used to study biofilm formation and sporulation, has the capacity to produce more than 10 specialized metabolites. Some of these B. subtilis specialized metabolites have been investigated for their role in facilitating cellular differentiation, but only rarely has the behavior of multiple metabolites been simultaneously investigated. In this study, we explored the interconnectivity of differentiation (biofilm and sporulation) and specialized metabolites in B. subtilis. Specifically, we interrogated how development influences specialized metabolites and vice versa. Using the sporulation-inducing medium DSM, we found that the majority of the specialized metabolites examined are expressed and produced during biofilm formation and sporulation. Additionally, we found that six of these metabolites (surfactin, ComX, bacillibactin, bacilysin, subtilosin A, and plipastatin) are necessary signaling molecules for proper progression of B. subtilis differentiation. This study further supports the growing body of work demonstrating that specialized metabolites have essential physiological functions as cell-cell communication signals in bacteria. IMPORTANCE Bacterially produced specialized metabolites are frequently studied for their potential use as antibiotics and antifungals. However, a growing body of work has suggested that the antagonistic potential of specialized metabolites is not their only function. Here, using Bacillus subtilis as our model bacterium, we demonstrated that developmental processes such as biofilm formation and sporulation are tightly linked to specialized metabolite gene expression and production. Additionally, under our differentiation-inducing conditions, six out of the nine specialized metabolites investigated behave as intraspecific signals that impact B. subtilis physiology and influence biofilm formation and sporulation. Our work supports the viewpoint that specialized metabolites have a clear role as cell-cell signaling molecules within differentiated populations of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexi A. Schoenborn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sarah M. Yannarell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - E. Diane Wallace
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Haley Clapper
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ilon C. Weinstein
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Shank
- Program in Systems Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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First Metabolic Insights into Ex Vivo Cryptosporidium parvum-Infected Bovine Small Intestinal Explants Studied under Physioxic Conditions. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10100963. [PMID: 34681062 PMCID: PMC8533177 DOI: 10.3390/biology10100963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary As the most relevant zoonotic cause of cryptosporidiosis, C. parvum infects cattle worldwide. In vitro studies on C. parvum are absent on the most important animal host under physiological oxygen conditions of the intestine. The aim of this study was to rectify this lack of knowledge, and to deliver a practical model to study C. parvum–host cell–intestinal microbiome interactions in the metabolic context. The present metabolic analyses of C. parvum-infected bovine small intestinal (BSI)-explants revealed a parasite-dependent reduction in important metabolic activities (e.g., glycolysis, glutaminolysis) at 3 hpi (hours post-infection) followed by striking increases in the same metabolic functions at 6 hpi, thus paralleling previously reported metabolic impacts of C. parvum on humans. In addition, PCA analysis confirmed physiological oxygen concentrations as a driving factor of metabolic responses in infected BSI explants. The present model allows the study of C. parvum-triggered metabolic modulation of intestinal cells. Moreover, this realistic platform offers the possibility to address pending questions regarding C. parvum–host cell–intestinal microbiome interactions. Thus, the present approach may deliver important insights into how to promote the innate immune system–intestinal microbiome alliances, which maintain the epithelial integrity of the gut thereby supporting human and animal health. Abstract The apicomplexan Cryptosporidium parvum causes thousands of human deaths yearly. Since bovines represent the most important reservoir of C. parvum, the analysis of infected bovine small intestinal (BSI) explants cultured under physioxia offers a realistic model to study C. parvum–host cell–microbiome interactions. Here, C. parvum-infected BSI explants and primary bovine small intestinal epithelial cells were analysed for parasite development and metabolic reactions. Metabolic conversion rates in supernatants of BSI explants were measured after infection, documenting an immediate parasite-driven metabolic interference. Given that oxygen concentrations affect cellular metabolism, measurements were performed at both 5% O2 (physiological intestinal conditions) and 21% O2 (commonly used, hyperoxic lab conditions). Overall, analyses of C. parvum-infected BSI explants revealed a downregulation of conversion rates of key metabolites—such as glucose, lactate, pyruvate, alanine, and aspartate—at 3 hpi, followed by a rapid increase in the same conversion rates at 6 hpi. Moreover, PCA revealed physioxia as a driving factor of metabolic responses in C. parvum-infected BSI explants. Overall, the ex vivo model described here may allow scientists to address pending questions as to how host cell–microbiome alliances influence intestinal epithelial integrity and support the development of protective intestinal immune reactions against C. parvum infections in a realistic scenario under physioxic conditions.
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Mujawdiya PK, Kapur S. Modulation of Gut Microbiota through Dietary Phytochemicals as a Novel Anti-infective Strategy. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2021; 17:498-506. [PMID: 31702513 DOI: 10.2174/1570163816666191107124214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Quorum Sensing (QS) is a phenomenon in which bacterial cells communicate with each other with the help of several low molecular weight compounds. QS is largely dependent on population density, and it triggers when the concentration of quorum sensing molecules accumulate in the environment and crosses a particular threshold. Once a certain population density is achieved and the concentration of molecules crosses a threshold, the bacterial cells show a collective behavior in response to various chemical stimuli referred to as "auto-inducers". The QS signaling is crucial for several phenotypic characteristics responsible for bacterial survival such as motility, virulence, and biofilm formation. Biofilm formation is also responsible for making bacterial cells resistant to antibiotics. The human gut is home to trillions of bacterial cells collectively called "gut microbiota" or "gut microbes". Gut microbes are a consortium of more than 15,000 bacterial species and play a very crucial role in several body functions such as metabolism, development and maturation of the immune system, and the synthesis of several essential vitamins. Due to its critical role in shaping human survival and its modulating impact on body metabolisms, the gut microbial community has been referred to as "the forgotten organ" by O`Hara et al. (2006) [1]. Several studies have demonstrated that chemical interaction between the members of bacterial cells in the gut is responsible for shaping the overall microbial community. Recent advances in phytochemical research have generated a lot of interest in finding new, effective, and safer alternatives to modern chemical-based medicines. In the context of antimicrobial research various plant extracts have been identified with Quorum Sensing Inhibitory (QSI) activities among bacterial cells. This review focuses on the mechanism of quorum sensing and quorum sensing inhibitors isolated from natural sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan K Mujawdiya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad- 500078, India
| | - Suman Kapur
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad- 500078, India
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Liu H, Shi F, Tan S, Yu X, Lai W, Li Y. Engineering a Bifunctional ComQXPA-P srfA Quorum-Sensing Circuit for Dynamic Control of Gene Expression in Corynebacterium glutamicum. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:1761-1774. [PMID: 34165971 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Corynebacterium glutamicum is an important industrial workhorse for the production of amino acids and other chemicals. However, the engineering of C. glutamicum is inflexible due to the lack of dynamic regulation tools. In this study, a quorum sensing (QS) circuit and its modulated hfq-sRNA cassette were constructed, and the dynamic control of gene expression by these bifunctional circuits was researched. First, the ComQXPA-PsrfA QS system of Bacillus subtilis was harnessed and modified to create an upregulating QS circuit, in which the transcription of genes controlled by the PsrfA promoter may be promoted at high cell density. This QS circuit successfully activated the expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) to 6.35-fold in a cell density-dependent manner in C. glutamicum. Next, the hfq-sRNA-mediated downregulating circuit under the control of the ComQXPA-PsrfA QS system was established, and the expression of GFP was autonomously repressed by 96.1%. Next, to fine-tune these two QS circuits, a library of synthetic PsrfA based promoters was constructed, and a series of mutant PsrfAM promoters with 0.4-1.5-fold strength of native PsrfA were selected. Subsequently, the ComQXPA-PsrfAM QS circuit was utilized to upregulate the expression of red fluorescent protein, and the same QS-based hfq-sRNA system was utilized to downregulate the expression of GFP simultaneously. Last, this bifunctional ComQXPA-PsrfAM QS circuit was verified again by fine-tuning the expression of α-amylase. Therefore, the engineered ComQXPA-PsrfAM QS cassette can be applied as a novel bifunctional QS circuit to flexibly control gene expression in C. glutamicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Feng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shuyu Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xinping Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wenmei Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yongfu Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Domzalski A, Perez SD, Yoo B, Velasquez A, Vigo V, Pasolli HA, Oldham AL, Henderson DP, Kawamura A. Uncovering potential interspecies signaling factors in plant-derived mixed microbial culture. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 42:116254. [PMID: 34119697 PMCID: PMC8273658 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Microbes use signaling factors for intraspecies and interspecies communications. While many intraspecies signaling factors have been found and characterized, discovery of factors for interspecies communication is lagging behind. To facilitate the discovery of such factors, we explored the potential of a mixed microbial culture (MMC) derived from wheatgrass, in which heterogeneity of this microbial community might elicit signaling factors for interspecies communication. The stability of Wheatgrass MMC in terms of community structure and metabolic output was first characterized by 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequencing and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS), respectively. In addition, detailed MS analyses led to the identification of 12-hydroxystearic acid (12-HSA) as one of the major metabolites produced by Wheatgrass MMC. Stereochemical analysis revealed that Wheatgrass MMC produces mostly the (R)-isomer, although a small amount of the (S)-isomer was also observed. Furthermore, 12-HSA was found to modulate planktonic growth and biofilm formation of various marine bacterial strains. The current study suggests that naturally derived MMCs could serve as a simple and reproducible platform to discover potential signaling factors for interspecies communication. In addition, the study indicates that hydroxylated long-chain fatty acids, such as 12-HSA, may constitute a new class of interspecies signaling factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Domzalski
- Biochemistry Ph.D. Program, The Graduate Center of CUNY, 365 5(th) Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Chemistry, Hunter College of CUNY, 695 Park Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Susan D Perez
- Department of Biology, University of Texas of the Permian Basin, 4901 E. University Blvd, Odessa, TX, USA
| | - Barney Yoo
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College of CUNY, 695 Park Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alexandria Velasquez
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College of CUNY, 695 Park Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Valeria Vigo
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College of CUNY, 695 Park Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hilda Amalia Pasolli
- Electron Microscopy Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Athenia L Oldham
- Department of Biology, University of Texas of the Permian Basin, 4901 E. University Blvd, Odessa, TX, USA
| | - Douglas P Henderson
- Department of Biology, University of Texas of the Permian Basin, 4901 E. University Blvd, Odessa, TX, USA
| | - Akira Kawamura
- Biochemistry Ph.D. Program, The Graduate Center of CUNY, 365 5(th) Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA; Chemistry Ph.D. Program, The Graduate Center of CUNY, 365 5(th) Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Chemistry, Hunter College of CUNY, 695 Park Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Matthews A, Majeed A, Barraclough TG, Raymond B. Function is a better predictor of plant rhizosphere community membership than 16S phylogeny. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:6089-6103. [PMID: 34190398 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Rhizobacterial communities are important for plant health but we still have limited understanding of how they are constructed or how they can be manipulated. High-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing provides good information on taxonomic composition but remains an unreliable proxy for phenotypes. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that experimentally observed functional traits would be better predictors of community membership than phylogenetic origin. To test this hypothesis, we sampled communities on four plant species grown in two soil types and characterized 593 bacterial isolates in terms of antibiotic susceptibility, carbon metabolism, resource use and plant growth-promoting traits. In support of our hypothesis we found that three of the four plant species had phylogenetically diverse, but functionally constrained communities. Notably, communities did not grow best on complex media mimicking their host of origin but were distinguished by variation in overall growth characteristics (copiotrophy/oligotrophy) and antibiotic susceptibility. These data, combined with variation in phylogenetic structure, suggest that different classes of traits (antagonistic competition or resource-based) are more important in different communities. This culture-based approach supports and complements the findings of a previous high-throughput 16S rRNA analysis of this experiment and provides functional insights into the patterns observed with culture-independent methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Matthews
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK.,Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
| | - Afshan Majeed
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of the Poonch, Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | | | - Ben Raymond
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK.,Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
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Dat TTH, Cuc NTK, Cuong PV, Smidt H, Sipkema D. Diversity and Antimicrobial Activity of Vietnamese Sponge-Associated Bacteria. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19070353. [PMID: 34206202 PMCID: PMC8307940 DOI: 10.3390/md19070353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the diversity and antimicrobial activity of cultivable bacteria associated with Vietnamese sponges. In total, 460 bacterial isolates were obtained from 18 marine sponges. Of these, 58.3% belonged to Proteobacteria, 16.5% to Actinobacteria, 18.0% to Firmicutes, and 7.2% to Bacteroidetes. At the genus level, isolated strains belonged to 55 genera, of which several genera, such as Bacillus, Pseudovibrio, Ruegeria, Vibrio, and Streptomyces, were the most predominant. Culture media influenced the cultivable bacterial composition, whereas, from different sponge species, similar cultivable bacteria were recovered. Interestingly, there was little overlap of bacterial composition associated with sponges when the taxa isolated were compared to cultivation-independent data. Subsequent antimicrobial assays showed that 90 isolated strains exhibited antimicrobial activity against at least one of seven indicator microorganisms. From the culture broth of the isolated strain with the strongest activity (Bacillus sp. M1_CRV_171), four secondary metabolites were isolated and identified, including cyclo(L-Pro-L-Tyr) (1), macrolactin A (2), macrolactin H (3), and 15,17-epoxy-16-hydroxy macrolactin A (4). Of these, compounds 2-4 exhibited antimicrobial activity against a broad spectrum of reference microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ton That Huu Dat
- Mientrung Institute for Scientific Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 321 Huynh Thuc Khang, Hue City, Thua Thien Hue 531600, Vietnam; (N.T.K.C.); (P.V.C.)
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence: (T.T.H.D.); (D.S.); Tel.: +84-94-949-2778 (T.T.H.D.); +31-317-483-113 (D.S.)
| | - Nguyen Thi Kim Cuc
- Mientrung Institute for Scientific Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 321 Huynh Thuc Khang, Hue City, Thua Thien Hue 531600, Vietnam; (N.T.K.C.); (P.V.C.)
| | - Pham Viet Cuong
- Mientrung Institute for Scientific Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 321 Huynh Thuc Khang, Hue City, Thua Thien Hue 531600, Vietnam; (N.T.K.C.); (P.V.C.)
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Detmer Sipkema
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence: (T.T.H.D.); (D.S.); Tel.: +84-94-949-2778 (T.T.H.D.); +31-317-483-113 (D.S.)
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Paopradit P, Tansila N, Surachat K, Mittraparp-arthorn P. Vibrio alginolyticus influences quorum sensing-controlled phenotypes of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease-causing Vibrio parahaemolyticus. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11567. [PMID: 34141494 PMCID: PMC8176930 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis syndrome (AHPND) caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus strain (VPAHPND) impacts the shrimp industry worldwide. With the increasing problem of antibiotic abuse, studies on quorum sensing (QS) system and anti-QS compounds bring potential breakthroughs for disease prevention and treatment. METHODS In this study, the cell-free culture supernatant (CFCS) and its extract of V. alginolyticus BC25 were investigated for anti-QS activity against a reporter bacteria, Chromobacterium violaceum DMST46846. The effects of CFCS and/ or extract on motility, biofilm formation and extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) of VPAHPND PSU5591 were evaluated. Moreover, the effects of V. alginolyticus BC25 on virulence of VPAHPND PSU5591 were investigated by shrimp challenge test. The potentially active anti-QS compounds presented in the extract and effect on gene expression of VPAHPND PSU5591 were identified. RESULTS The CFCS of V. alginolyticus BC25 and its extract showed a significant anti-QS activity against the reporter bacteria as well as swimming and swarming motilities, biofilms, and EPSs production by VPAHPND PSU5591. Transcriptome analysis revealed that V. alginolyticus BC25 extract significantly reduced the flagella genes involved in biofilm formation and iron-controlled virulence regulatory gene of VPAHPND PSU5591. Whereas, the LuxR family transcriptional regulator gene, c-factor, a cell-cell signaling gene, and capsular polysaccharide were up-regulated. The potentially active anti-QS compounds identified in extract were Cyclo-(L-Leu-L-Pro), and Cyclo-(L-Phe-L-Pro). Furthermore, V. alginolyticus BC25 enhanced disease resistance against VPAHPND PSU5591 in tested shrimp larvae. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that V. alginolyticus BC25 could provide natural anti-QS and anti-biofilms compounds and has great ability to be used as biocontrol agent against VPAHPND infection in shrimp aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panida Paopradit
- Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Natta Tansila
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Komwit Surachat
- Division of Computational Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
- Molecular Evolution and Computational Biology Research Unit, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Pimonsri Mittraparp-arthorn
- Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
- Molecular Evolution and Computational Biology Research Unit, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
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21
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Zhou R, Yu Q, Li T, Long M, Wang Y, Feng T, Su W, Yang J, Li H. Carcass decomposition influences the metabolic profiles and enriches noxious metabolites in different water types by widely targeted metabolomics. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 269:129400. [PMID: 33383254 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Carcass decomposition could be considered as a common phenomenon in nature. However, during degradation processes, animal carcasses produce many toxic and harmful metabolites, posing potential ecological risks to water safety, thereby threatening human health. However, the metabolites produced by decomposition of animal corpses are not well understood. In this study, building on our previous baseline study of microbial community between the experimental groups (with animal carcasses) and control groups (without carcasses), the samples at the ultimate stage (19th day) of carcass decomposition were chosen to investigate the metabolic profiles and uncover the relationships between water quality, microbes and noxious metabolites in two types of water (Yellow River water and tap water) using fish as animal model by widely targeted metabolomics. Our results showed amino acid metabolomics, indole and its derivatives, and pyridine and pyridine derivatives mainly occurred in the corpse groups, suggesting that these metabolites are markers of carcass decomposition. And some noxious metabolites (e.g., polyamine, amines, and benzene and substituted derivatives) highly associated with carcass decomposition, which revealed new insights into how to investigate the hazard materials in water. And these noxious metabolites in the corpse groups were even increased 214543-fold in average compared with the control groups. Meanwhile, treatment was the most important factor affecting the water metabolites while microbiome contributed a small proportion to the metabolic profiles. Several opportunistic pathogenic genera Comamonas, Bacteriodes and Alcaligenes co-occurred most frequently with several kinds of polyamines and amines while some dominant genera Rhodoferax, Delftia and Brevundimonas had significant positive relationships with specific benzene and substituted derivatives. This work demonstrates that carcass decomposition causes water quality deterioration by producing various toxic metabolites, thus providing new insights into noxious metabolites when exposed to animal carcasses in aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhou
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Qiaoling Yu
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Tongtong Li
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Meng Long
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen, 518120, China; Shenzhen Dapeng New District Science and Technology Innovation Service Center, Shenzhen, 518120, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yijie Wang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Tianshu Feng
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wanghong Su
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jiawei Yang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Huan Li
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Center for Grassland Microbiome, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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Herran B, Grève P, Berjeaud JM, Bertaux J, Crépin A. Legionella spp. All Ears? The Broad Occurrence of Quorum Sensing Elements outside Legionella pneumophila. Genome Biol Evol 2021; 13:6143035. [PMID: 33599258 PMCID: PMC8023197 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evab032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Legionella spp. are ubiquitous bacteria principally found in water networks and ∼20 species are implicated in Legionnaire’s disease. Among them, Legionella pneumophila is an intracellular pathogen of environmental protozoa, responsible for ∼90% of cases in the world. Legionella pneumophila regulates in part its virulence by a quorum sensing system named “Legionella quorum sensing,” composed of a signal synthase LqsA, two histidine kinase membrane receptors LqsS and LqsT and a cytoplasmic receptor LqsR. To date, this communication system was only found in L. pneumophila. Here, we investigated 58 Legionella genomes to determine the presence of a lqs cluster or homologous receptors using TBlastN. This analysis revealed three categories of species: 19 harbored a complete lqs cluster, 20 did not possess lqsA but maintained the receptor lqsR and/or lqsS, and 19 did not have any of the lqs genes. No correlation was observed between pathogenicity and the presence of a quorum sensing system. We determined by RT-qPCR that the lqsA gene was expressed at least in four strains among different species available in our laboratory. Furthermore, we showed that the lqs genomic region was conserved even in species possessing only the receptors of the quorum sensing system, indicating an ancestral acquisition and various loss dynamics during evolution. This system could therefore function in interspecific communication as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Herran
- Laboratoire Ecologie & Biologie des Interactions, UMR CNRS 7267, Université de Poitiers, France
| | - Pierre Grève
- Laboratoire Ecologie & Biologie des Interactions, UMR CNRS 7267, Université de Poitiers, France
| | - Jean-Marc Berjeaud
- Laboratoire Ecologie & Biologie des Interactions, UMR CNRS 7267, Université de Poitiers, France
| | - Joanne Bertaux
- Laboratoire Ecologie & Biologie des Interactions, UMR CNRS 7267, Université de Poitiers, France
| | - Alexandre Crépin
- Laboratoire Ecologie & Biologie des Interactions, UMR CNRS 7267, Université de Poitiers, France
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Grossman S, Soukarieh F, Richardson W, Liu R, Mashabi A, Emsley J, Williams P, Cámara M, Stocks MJ. Novel quinazolinone inhibitors of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing transcriptional regulator PqsR. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 208:112778. [PMID: 32927392 PMCID: PMC7684530 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Rising numbers of cases of multidrug- and extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa over recent years have created an urgent need for novel therapeutic approaches to cure potentially fatal infections. One such approach is virulence attenuation where anti-virulence compounds, designed to reduce pathogenicity without affording bactericidal effects, are employed to treat infections. P. aeruginosa uses the pqs quorum sensing (QS) system, to coordinate the expression of a large number of virulence determinants as well as bacterial-host interactions and hence represents an excellent anti-virulence target. We report the synthesis and identification of a new series of thiazole-containing quinazolinones capable of inhibiting PqsR, the transcriptional regulator of the pqs QS system. The compounds demonstrated high potency (IC50 < 300 nM) in a whole-cell assay, using a mCTX:PpqsA-lux-based bioreporter for the P. aeruginosa PAO1-L and PA14 strains. Structural evaluation defined the binding modes of four analogues in the ligand-binding domain of PqsR through X-ray crystallography. Further work showed the ability of 6-chloro-3((2-pentylthiazol-4-yl)methyl)quinazolin-4(3H)-one (18) and 6-chloro-3((2-hexylthiazol-4-yl)methyl)quinazolin-4(3H)-one (19) to attenuate production of the PqsR-regulated virulence factor pyocyanin. Compounds 18 and 19 showed a low cytotoxic profile in the A549 human epithelial lung cell line making them suitable candidates for further pre-clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Grossman
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Fadi Soukarieh
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, NG7 2RD, UK; National Biofilms Innovation Centre, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - William Richardson
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Ruiling Liu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Alaa Mashabi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Jonas Emsley
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, NG7 2RD, UK; National Biofilms Innovation Centre, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Paul Williams
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, NG7 2RD, UK; National Biofilms Innovation Centre, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Miguel Cámara
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, NG7 2RD, UK; National Biofilms Innovation Centre, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Michael J Stocks
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, NG7 2RD, UK; National Biofilms Innovation Centre, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, NG7 2RD, UK.
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Kim HS, Cha E, Ham SY, Park JH, Nam S, Kwon H, Byun Y, Park HD. Linoleic acid inhibits Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation by activating diffusible signal factor-mediated quorum sensing. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 118:82-93. [PMID: 32880907 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilm formation causes serious problems in various fields of medical, clinical, and industrial settings. Antibiotics and biocide treatments are typical methods used to remove bacterial biofilms, but biofilms are difficult to remove effectively from surfaces due to their increased resistance. An alternative approach to treatment with antimicrobial agents is using biofilm inhibitors that regulate biofilm development without inhibiting bacterial growth. In the present study, we found that linoleic acid (LA), a plant unsaturated fatty acid, inhibits biofilm formation under static and continuous conditions without inhibiting the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. LA also influenced the bacterial motility, extracellular polymeric substance production, and biofilm dispersion by decreasing the intracellular cyclic diguanylate concentration through increased phosphodiesterase activity. Furthermore, quantitative gene expression analysis demonstrated that LA induced the expression of genes associated with diffusible signaling factor-mediated quorum sensing that can inhibit or induce the dispersion of P. aeruginosa biofilms. These results suggest that LA is functionally and structurally similar to a P. aeruginosa diffusible signaling factor (cis-2-decenoic acid) and, in turn, act as an agonist molecule in biofilm dispersion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Shin Kim
- Korean Peninsula Infrastructure Special Committee, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Eunji Cha
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - So-Young Ham
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Hoon Park
- Clean Innovation Technology Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Jeju, South Korea
| | - SangJin Nam
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, South Korea
| | - Hongmok Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, South Korea
| | - Youngjoo Byun
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, South Korea.,Biomedical Research Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee-Deung Park
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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25
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Strain Background, Species Frequency, and Environmental Conditions Are Important in Determining Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus Population Dynamics and Species Coexistence. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.00962-20. [PMID: 32651205 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00962-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial communities in the environment and in infections are typically diverse, yet we know little about the factors that determine interspecies interactions. Here, we apply concepts from ecological theory to understand how biotic and abiotic factors affect interaction patterns between the two opportunistic human pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, which often cooccur in polymicrobial infections. Specifically, we conducted a series of short- and long-term competition experiments between P. aeruginosa PAO1 (as our reference strain) and three different S. aureus strains (Cowan I, 6850, and JE2) at three starting frequencies and under three environmental (culturing) conditions. We found that the competitive ability of P. aeruginosa strongly depended on the strain background of S. aureus, whereby P. aeruginosa dominated against Cowan I and 6850 but not against JE2. In the latter case, both species could end up as winners depending on conditions. Specifically, we observed strong frequency-dependent fitness patterns, including positive frequency dependence, where P. aeruginosa could dominate JE2 only when common (not when rare). Finally, changes in environmental (culturing) conditions fundamentally altered the competitive balance between the two species in a way that P. aeruginosa dominance increased when moving from shaken to static environments. Altogether, our results highlight that ecological details can have profound effects on the competitive dynamics between coinfecting pathogens and determine whether two species can coexist or invade each others' populations from a state of rare frequency. Moreover, our findings might parallel certain dynamics observed in chronic polymicrobial infections.IMPORTANCE Bacterial infections are frequently caused by more than one species, and such polymicrobial infections are often considered more virulent and more difficult to treat than the respective monospecies infections. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are among the most important pathogens in polymicrobial infections, and their cooccurrence is linked to worse disease outcome. There is great interest in understanding how these two species interact and what the consequences for the host are. While previous studies have mainly looked at molecular mechanisms implicated in interactions between P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, here we show that ecological factors, such as strain background, species frequency, and environmental conditions, are important elements determining population dynamics and species coexistence patterns. We propose that the uncovered principles also play major roles in infections and, therefore, proclaim that an integrative approach combining molecular and ecological aspects is required to fully understand polymicrobial infections.
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26
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Dong W, Huang K, Yan Y, Wan P, Peng Y, Zeng X, Cao Y. Long-Term Consumption of 2- O-β-d-Glucopyranosyl-l-ascorbic Acid from the Fruits of Lycium barbarum Modulates Gut Microbiota in C57BL/6 Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:8863-8874. [PMID: 32706586 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The modulating effect of 2-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-l-ascorbic acid (AA-2βG), a natural derivative of ascorbic acid from the fruits of Lycium barbarum, on mice gut microbiota was investigated in the present study. It was found that AA-2βG was able to adjust the structure of mice gut microbiota, elevated the relative abundances of Verrucomicrobia, Porphyromonadaceae, Verrucomicrobiaceae, and Erysipelotrichaceae, and meanwhile reduced the relative abundances of Firmicutes, Lachnospiraceae, Rikenellaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Bdellovibrionaceae, Anaeroplasmataceae, and Peptococcaceae. Through the linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis, the key microbiota that were found to be significantly changed after long-term consumption of AA-2βG were Ruminococcaceae, Porphyromonadaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Rikenellaceae. In addition, AA-2βG could upregulate pro-inflammatory cytokines, promote tight junctions between intestinal cells, facilitate the generation of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and upregulate the mRNA expression level of SCFAs receptors, indicating that AA-2βG might promote organism health. The results demonstrated that AA-2βG might maintain organism health by modulating gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kaiyin Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yamei Yan
- Institute of Wolfberry Engineering Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002, Ningxia, China
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
| | - Peng Wan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yujia Peng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaoxiong Zeng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Youlong Cao
- Institute of Wolfberry Engineering Technology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002, Ningxia, China
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
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27
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Sun C, Yu Q, Zhao Z, Zhang Y. Syntrophic metabolism of phenol in the anodic degradation within a Phenol-Cr(VI) coupled microbial electrolysis cell. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 723:137990. [PMID: 32203800 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bioelectrochemical system (BESs) has been applied to treat refractory wastewaters such as phenolic wastewater since microbial anodic oxidation driven by electroactive bacteria is believed to enhance decomposition of organic matters. Considering that most of electroactive bacteria are sensitive to phenol and cannot utilize it directly, it was assumed that fermentative bacteria and electroactive bacteria in mixed-culture BESs cooperated to degrade phenol. To clarify this assumption, a microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) for phenol degradation with Cr(VI)-reduction bio-cathode was developed in this study. Results showed that phenol served as anodic electron donor was more efficient than acetate for cathodic reduction of Cr(VI) since the slow release of acetate from phenol degradation with fermentative bacteria might make full use of acetate as electron donor for anodic oxidation. The production of quorum sensing (QS) signal molecules were higher in phenolic anolyte, confirming the syntrophic metabolism among phenol-degrading bacteria and electroactive bacteria. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) test and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) indicated that phenolic anolyte and anodic sludge had higher electron transfer ability due to enhanced bio-electrochemisty processes in syntrophic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Qilin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yaobin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
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28
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Fang K, Park OJ, Hong SH. Controlling biofilms using synthetic biology approaches. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 40:107518. [PMID: 31953206 PMCID: PMC7125041 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are formed by the complex but ordered regulation of intra- or inter-cellular communication, environmentally responsive gene expression, and secretion of extracellular polymeric substances. Given the robust nature of biofilms due to the non-growing nature of biofilm bacteria and the physical barrier provided by the extracellular matrix, eradicating biofilms is a very difficult task to accomplish with conventional antibiotic or disinfectant treatments. Synthetic biology holds substantial promise for controlling biofilms by improving and expanding existing biological tools, introducing novel functions to the system, and re-conceptualizing gene regulation. This review summarizes synthetic biology approaches used to eradicate biofilms via protein engineering of biofilm-related enzymes, utilization of synthetic genetic circuits, and the development of functional living agents. Synthetic biology also enables beneficial applications of biofilms through the production of biomaterials and patterning biofilms with specific temporal and spatial structures. Advances in synthetic biology will add novel biofilm functionalities for future therapeutic, biomanufacturing, and environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuili Fang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Oh-Jin Park
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA; Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Yanbian University of Science and Technology, Yanji, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Seok Hoon Hong
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA.
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29
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Jang H, Gopinath GR, Eshwar A, Srikumar S, Nguyen S, Gangiredla J, Patel IR, Finkelstein SB, Negrete F, Woo J, Lee Y, Fanning S, Stephan R, Tall BD, Lehner A. The Secretion of Toxins and Other Exoproteins of Cronobacter: Role in Virulence, Adaption, and Persistence. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E229. [PMID: 32046365 PMCID: PMC7074816 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8020229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
: Cronobacter species are considered an opportunistic group of foodborne pathogenic bacteria capable of causing both intestinal and systemic human disease. This review describes common virulence themes shared among the seven Cronobacter species and describes multiple exoproteins secreted by Cronobacter, many of which are bacterial toxins that may play a role in human disease. The review will particularly concentrate on the virulence factors secreted by C. sakazakii, C. malonaticus, and C. turicensis, which are the primary human pathogens of interest. It has been discovered that various species-specific virulence factors adversely affect a wide range of eukaryotic cell processes including protein synthesis, cell division, and ion secretion. Many of these factors are toxins which have been shown to also modulate the host immune response. These factors are encoded on a variety of mobile genetic elements such as plasmids and transposons; this genomic plasticity implies ongoing re-assortment of virulence factor genes which has complicated our efforts to categorize Cronobacter into sharply defined genomic pathotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyein Jang
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA; (H.J.); (J.G.); (F.N.); (J.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Gopal R. Gopinath
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA; (H.J.); (J.G.); (F.N.); (J.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Athmanya Eshwar
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, University of Zurich, Zurich CH-8006 Zürich, Switzerland; (A.E.); (R.S.); (A.L.)
| | - Shabarinath Srikumar
- UCD-Centre for Food Safety, Science Centre South, University College Dublin, Dublin Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 V1W8, Ireland; (S.S.); (S.N.); (S.F.)
| | - Scott Nguyen
- UCD-Centre for Food Safety, Science Centre South, University College Dublin, Dublin Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 V1W8, Ireland; (S.S.); (S.N.); (S.F.)
| | - Jayanthi Gangiredla
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA; (H.J.); (J.G.); (F.N.); (J.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Isha R. Patel
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA; (H.J.); (J.G.); (F.N.); (J.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Samantha B. Finkelstein
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA; (H.J.); (J.G.); (F.N.); (J.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Flavia Negrete
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA; (H.J.); (J.G.); (F.N.); (J.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - JungHa Woo
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA; (H.J.); (J.G.); (F.N.); (J.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - YouYoung Lee
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA; (H.J.); (J.G.); (F.N.); (J.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Séamus Fanning
- UCD-Centre for Food Safety, Science Centre South, University College Dublin, Dublin Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 V1W8, Ireland; (S.S.); (S.N.); (S.F.)
| | - Roger Stephan
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, University of Zurich, Zurich CH-8006 Zürich, Switzerland; (A.E.); (R.S.); (A.L.)
| | - Ben D. Tall
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA; (H.J.); (J.G.); (F.N.); (J.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Angelika Lehner
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, University of Zurich, Zurich CH-8006 Zürich, Switzerland; (A.E.); (R.S.); (A.L.)
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30
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Phagomimetic action of antibiotics: Revisited. How do antibiotics know where to go? Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 521:721-724. [PMID: 31703841 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.10.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Phagocytic cells know exactly where an infection is by following chemotactic signals. The phagocytosis of bacteria results in a 'respiratory burst' in which superoxide radicals are released. We have previously compared the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by antibiotics, during electron transfer reactions, to this event. Antibiotics in their normal bacterial environment, and ROS, are both increasingly implicated in purposeful signalling functions, rather than their more widely known roles in bacterial killing and molecular damage. Here, we extend our comparison between antibiotics and phagocytic cells to propose that antibiotics actively accumulate at a site of pathogen infection or tumour growth. A common link being virulent cellular growth. When this occurs, new proteins are secreted, aberrant iron acquisition takes place, and lipocalins are released. Each provide a mechanism by which antibiotics can bind, and be retained, at an active site of pathogen infection or tumour growth.
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31
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Salt Tolerance Mechanism and Species Identification of the Plant Rhizosphere Bacterium JYZ-SD2. Curr Microbiol 2019; 77:388-395. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-019-01835-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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32
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The volatile organic compound dimethylhexadecylamine affects bacterial growth and swarming motility of bacteria. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2019; 65:523-532. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-019-00756-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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33
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Schmidt R, Ulanova D, Wick LY, Bode HB, Garbeva P. Microbe-driven chemical ecology: past, present and future. ISME JOURNAL 2019; 13:2656-2663. [PMID: 31289346 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-019-0469-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, research in the field of Microbial Ecology has revealed the tremendous diversity and complexity of microbial communities across different ecosystems. Microbes play a major role in ecosystem functioning and contribute to the health and fitness of higher organisms. Scientists are now facing many technological and methodological challenges in analyzing these complex natural microbial communities. The advances in analytical and omics techniques have shown that microbial communities are largely shaped by chemical interaction networks mediated by specialized (water-soluble and volatile) metabolites. However, studies concerning microbial chemical interactions need to consider biotic and abiotic factors on multidimensional levels, which require the development of new tools and approaches mimicking natural microbial habitats. In this review, we describe environmental factors affecting the production and transport of specialized metabolites. We evaluate their ecological functions and discuss approaches to address future challenges in microbial chemical ecology (MCE). We aim to emphasize that future developments in the field of MCE will need to include holistic studies involving organisms at all levels and to consider mechanisms underlying the interactions between viruses, micro-, and macro-organisms in their natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Schmidt
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, H7V 1B7, Canada.,Quebec Center for Biodiversity Sciences (QCBS), H3A 1B1, Montréal, Canada
| | - Dana Ulanova
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, Kochi, 783-8502, Japan.,Center for Advanced Marine Core Research, Kochi University, Kochi, 783-8502, Japan
| | - Lukas Y Wick
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, D-04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Helge B Bode
- Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, 60438, Germany
| | - Paolina Garbeva
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands.
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34
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Savi DC, Shaaban KA, Gos FMW, Thorson JS, Glienke C, Rohr J. Secondary metabolites produced by Microbacterium sp. LGMB471 with antifungal activity against the phytopathogen Phyllosticta citricarpa. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2019; 64:453-460. [PMID: 30565048 PMCID: PMC6531336 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-018-00668-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The citrus black spot (CBS), caused by Phyllosticta citricarpa, is one of the most important citrus diseases in subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, Oceania, and the Americas, and fruits with CBS lesions are still subject to quarantine regulations in the European Union. Despite the high application of fungicides, the disease remains present in the citrus crops of Central and South America. In order to find alternatives to help control CBS and reduce the use of fungicides, we explored the antifungal potential of endophytic actinomycetes isolated from the Brazilian medicinal plant Vochysia divergens found in the Pantanal biome. Two different culture media and temperatures were selected to identify the most efficient conditions for the production of active secondary metabolites. The metabolites produced by strain Microbacterium sp. LGMB471 cultured in SG medium at 36 °C considerably inhibited the development of P. citricarpa. Three isoflavones and five diketopiperazines were identified, and the compounds 7-O-β-D-glucosyl-genistein and 7-O-β-D-glucosyl-daidzein showed high activity against P. citricarpa, with the MIC of 33 μg/mL and inhibited the production of asexual spores of P. citricarpa on leaves and citrus fruits. Compounds that inhibit conidia formation may be a promising alternative to reduce the use of fungicides in the control of CBS lesions, especially in regions where sexual reproduction does not occur, as in the USA. Our data suggest the use of Microbacterium sp. LGMB471 or its metabolites as an ecological alternative to be used in association with the fungicides for the control of CBS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiani Cristina Savi
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Box 19031, Curitiba, PR, 81531-990, Brazil.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA.
| | - Khaled A Shaaban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Francielly M W Gos
- Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Jon S Thorson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Chirlei Glienke
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Box 19031, Curitiba, PR, 81531-990, Brazil.
| | - Jürgen Rohr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA.
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35
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Horst BG, Stewart EM, Nazarian AA, Marletta MA. Characterization of a Carbon Monoxide-Activated Soluble Guanylate Cyclase from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Biochemistry 2019; 58:2250-2259. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin G. Horst
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Edna M. Stewart
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Aren A. Nazarian
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Michael A. Marletta
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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36
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Purahong W, Orrù L, Donati I, Perpetuini G, Cellini A, Lamontanara A, Michelotti V, Tacconi G, Spinelli F. Plant Microbiome and Its Link to Plant Health: Host Species, Organs and Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae Infection Shaping Bacterial Phyllosphere Communities of Kiwifruit Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1563. [PMID: 30464766 PMCID: PMC6234494 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) is the causal agent of the bacterial canker, the most devastating disease of kiwifruit vines. Before entering the host tissues, this pathogen has an epiphytic growth phase on kiwifruit flowers and leaves, thus the ecological interactions within epiphytic bacterial community may greatly influence the onset of the infection process. The bacterial community associated to the two most important cultivated kiwifruit species, Actinidia chinensis and Actinidia deliciosa, was described both on flowers and leaves using Illumina massive parallel sequencing of the V3 and V4 variable regions of the 16S rRNA gene. In addition, the effect of plant infection by Psa on the epiphytic bacterial community structure and biodiversity was investigated. Psa infection affected the phyllosphere microbiome structures in both species, however, its impact was more pronounced on A. deliciosa leaves, where a drastic drop in microbial biodiversity was observed. Furthermore, we also showed that Psa was always present in syndemic association with Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae and Pseudomonas viridiflava, two other kiwifruit pathogens, suggesting the establishment of a pathogenic consortium leading to a higher pathogenesis capacity. Finally, the analyses of the dynamics of bacterial populations provided useful information for the screening and selection of potential biocontrol agents against Psa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Witoon Purahong
- Department of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle, Germany
| | - Luigi Orrù
- CREA Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics – Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Italy
| | - Irene Donati
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgia Perpetuini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Cellini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Vania Michelotti
- CREA Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics – Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Italy
| | - Gianni Tacconi
- CREA Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics – Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Italy
| | - Francesco Spinelli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Ang KS, Lakshmanan M, Lee NR, Lee DY. Metabolic Modeling of Microbial Community Interactions for Health, Environmental and Biotechnological Applications. Curr Genomics 2018; 19:712-722. [PMID: 30532650 PMCID: PMC6225453 DOI: 10.2174/1389202919666180911144055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In nature, microbes do not exist in isolation but co-exist in a variety of ecological and biological environments and on various host organisms. Due to their close proximity, these microbes interact among themselves, and also with the hosts in both positive and negative manners. Moreover, these interactions may modulate dynamically upon external stimulus as well as internal community changes. This demands systematic techniques such as mathematical modeling to understand the intrinsic community behavior. Here, we reviewed various approaches for metabolic modeling of microbial communities. If detailed species-specific information is available, segregated models of individual organisms can be constructed and connected via metabolite exchanges; otherwise, the community may be represented as a lumped network of metabolic reactions. The constructed models can then be simulated to help fill knowledge gaps, and generate testable hypotheses for designing new experiments. More importantly, such community models have been developed to study microbial interactions in various niches such as host microbiome, biogeochemical and bioremediation, waste water treatment and synthetic consortia. As such, the metabolic modeling efforts have allowed us to gain new insights into the natural and synthetic microbial communities, and design interventions to achieve specific goals. Finally, potential directions for future development in metabolic modeling of microbial communities were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kok Siong Ang
- 1Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), ASTAR, Singapore 138668, Singapore; 2Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore; 3School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Meiyappan Lakshmanan
- 1Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), ASTAR, Singapore 138668, Singapore; 2Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore; 3School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Rae Lee
- 1Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), ASTAR, Singapore 138668, Singapore; 2Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore; 3School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Yup Lee
- 1Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI), ASTAR, Singapore 138668, Singapore; 2Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore; 3School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do16419, Republic of Korea
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Drott MT, Lazzaro BP, Brown DL, Carbone I, Milgroom MG. Balancing selection for aflatoxin in Aspergillus flavus is maintained through interference competition with, and fungivory by insects. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 284:rspb.2017.2408. [PMID: 29263278 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.2408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of microbial secondary metabolites in the ecology of the organisms that produce them remains poorly understood. Variation in aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus is maintained by balancing selection, but the ecological function and impact on fungal fitness of this compound are unknown. We hypothesize that balancing selection for aflatoxin production in A. flavus is driven by interaction with insects. To test this, we competed naturally occurring aflatoxigenic and non-aflatoxigenic fungal isolates against Drosophila larvae on medium containing 0-1750 ppb aflatoxin, using quantitative PCR to quantify A. flavus DNA as a proxy for fungal fitness. The addition of aflatoxin across this range resulted in a 26-fold increase in fungal fitness. With no added toxin, aflatoxigenic isolates caused higher mortality of Drosophila larvae and had slightly higher fitness than non-aflatoxigenic isolates. Additionally, aflatoxin production increased an average of 1.5-fold in the presence of a single larva and nearly threefold when the fungus was mechanically damaged. We argue that the role of aflatoxin in protection from fungivory is inextricably linked to its role in interference competition. Our results, to our knowledge, provide the first clear evidence of a fitness advantage conferred to A. flavus by aflatoxin when interacting with insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton T Drott
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Brian P Lazzaro
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Dan L Brown
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Ignazio Carbone
- Center for Integrated Fungal Research, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Michael G Milgroom
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Algburi A, Zehm S, Netrebov V, Bren AB, Chistyakov V, Chikindas ML. Subtilosin Prevents Biofilm Formation by Inhibiting Bacterial Quorum Sensing. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2018; 9:81-90. [PMID: 27914001 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-016-9242-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Subtilosin, the cyclic lantibiotic protein produced by Bacillus subtilis KATMIRA1933, targets the surface receptor and electrostatically binds to the bacterial cell membrane. In this study, subtilosin was purified using ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) precipitation and purified via column chromatography. Subtilosin's antibacterial minimum and sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC and sub-MIC) and anti-biofilm activity (biofilm prevention) were established. Subtilosin was evaluated as a quorum sensing (QS) inhibitor in Gram-positive bacteria using Fe(III) reduction assay. In Gram-negative bacteria, subtilosin was evaluated as a QS inhibitor utilizing Chromobacterium voilaceum as a microbial reporter. The results showed that Gardnerella vaginalis was more sensitive to subtilosin with MIC of 6.25 μg/mL when compared to Listeria monocytogenes (125 μg/mL). The lowest concentration of subtilosin, at which more than 90% of G. vaginalis biofilm was inhibited without effecting the growth of planktonic cells, was 0.78 μg/mL. About 80% of L. monocytogenes and more than 60% of Escherichia coli biofilm was inhibited when 15.1 μg/mL of subtilosin was applied. Subtilosin with 7.8-125 μg/mL showed a significant reduction in violacein production without any inhibitory effect on the growth of C. violaceum. Subtilosin at 3 and 4 μg/mL reduced the level of Autoinducer-2 (AI-2) production in G. vaginalis. However, subtilosin did not influence AI-2 production by L. monocytogenes at sub-MICs of 0.95-15.1 μg/mL. To our knowledge, this is the first report exploring the relationship between biofilm prevention and quorum sensing inhibition in G. vaginalis using subtilosin as a quorum sensing inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Algburi
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers State University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Veterinary College, Diyala University, Baqubah, Iraq
| | - Saskia Zehm
- Department of Life Sciences and Technology, Beuth University of Applied Sciences, Berlin, Germany
| | - Victoria Netrebov
- Health Promoting Naturals Laboratory, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers State University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Anzhelica B Bren
- D. I. Ivanovsky Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Vladimir Chistyakov
- D. I. Ivanovsky Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Michael L Chikindas
- School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers State University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA. .,Center for Digestive Health, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, New Brunswick, NJ, USA. .,Rutgers State University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
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40
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Daniel-Ivad M, Pimentel-Elardo S, Nodwell JR. Control of Specialized Metabolism by Signaling and Transcriptional Regulation: Opportunities for New Platforms for Drug Discovery? Annu Rev Microbiol 2018; 72:25-48. [PMID: 29799791 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-022618-042458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Specialized metabolites are bacterially produced small molecules that have an extraordinary diversity of important biological activities. They are useful as biochemical probes of living systems, and they have been adapted for use as drugs for human afflictions ranging from infectious diseases to cancer. The biosynthetic genes for these molecules are controlled by a dense network of regulatory mechanisms: Cell-cell signaling and nutrient sensing are conspicuous features of this network. While many components of these mechanisms have been identified, important questions about their biological roles remain shrouded in mystery. In addition to identifying new molecules and solving their mechanisms of action (a central preoccupation in this field), we suggest that addressing questions of quorum sensing versus diffusion sensing and identifying the dominant nutritional and environmental cues for specialized metabolism are important directions for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Daniel-Ivad
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada;
| | - S Pimentel-Elardo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada;
| | - J R Nodwell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada;
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Chignell JF, De Long SK, Reardon KF. Meta-proteomic analysis of protein expression distinctive to electricity-generating biofilm communities in air-cathode microbial fuel cells. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:121. [PMID: 29713380 PMCID: PMC5913794 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1111-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) harness electrons from microbial respiration to generate power or chemical products from a variety of organic feedstocks, including lignocellulosic biomass, fermentation byproducts, and wastewater sludge. In some BESs, such as microbial fuel cells (MFCs), bacteria living in a biofilm use the anode as an electron acceptor for electrons harvested from organic materials such as lignocellulosic biomass or waste byproducts, generating energy that may be used by humans. Many BES applications use bacterial biofilm communities, but no studies have investigated protein expression by the anode biofilm community as a whole. RESULTS To discover functional protein expression during current generation that may be useful for MFC optimization, a label-free meta-proteomics approach was used to compare protein expression in acetate-fed anode biofilms before and after the onset of robust electricity generation. Meta-proteomic comparisons were integrated with 16S rRNA gene-based community analysis at four developmental stages. The community composition shifted from dominance by aerobic Gammaproteobacteria (90.9 ± 3.3%) during initial biofilm formation to dominance by Deltaproteobacteria, particularly Geobacter (68.7 ± 3.6%) in mature, electricity-generating anodes. Community diversity in the intermediate stage, just after robust current generation began, was double that at the early stage and nearly double that of mature anode communities. Maximum current densities at the intermediate stage, however, were relatively similar (~ 83%) to those achieved by mature-stage biofilms. Meta-proteomic analysis, correlated with population changes, revealed significant enrichment of categories specific to membrane and transport functions among proteins from electricity-producing biofilms. Proteins detected only in electricity-producing biofilms were associated with gluconeogenesis, the glyoxylate cycle, and fatty acid β-oxidation, as well as with denitrification and competitive inhibition. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that it is possible for an MFC microbial community to generate robust current densities while exhibiting high taxonomic diversity. Moreover, these data provide evidence to suggest that startup growth of air-cathode MFCs under conditions that promote the establishment of aerobic-anaerobic syntrophy may decrease startup times. This study represents the first investigation into protein expression of a complex BES anode biofilm community as a whole. The findings contribute to understanding of the molecular mechanisms at work during BES startup and suggest options for improvement of BES generation of bioelectricity from renewable biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy F. Chignell
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA
| | - Susan K. De Long
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA
| | - Kenneth F. Reardon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA
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Qian H, Zhu Y, Chen S, Jin Y, Lavoie M, Ke M, Fu Z. Interacting effect of diclofop-methyl on the rice rhizosphere microbiome and denitrification. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 146:90-96. [PMID: 29626997 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A better knowledge of the intertwined effects of herbicides on plant physiology and microbiome as well as nutrient biogeochemical cycles are needed for environmental management. Here we studied the influence of herbicide diclofop-methyl (DM) on the rice root microbiome and its relationship with N cycle. To do so, we exposed rice seedlings to 100 μg/L DM and studied rhizosphere microbiota using MiSeq-pyrosequencing, root exudation by GC-MS, and denitrification activity by 15N isotope-tracing and qRT-PCR. The richness and diversity of rhizosphere microorganisms, significantly increased after DM exposure combined with an increase in root exudation of amino acids, sugars, and fatty acids. Transcription of denitrification-related gene and denitrification rate increased significantly in the rice rhizosphere. Our results suggest that DM strongly influenced the root exudation of bacteria nutrients, which affected root microbiome community and potentially influenced N cycle in rice rhizosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Qian
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, PR China; College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China.
| | - Youchao Zhu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Si Chen
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Yujian Jin
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Michel Lavoie
- Quebec-Ocean and Takuvik Joint International Research Unit, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Mingjing Ke
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China.
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Depluverez S, Daled S, De Waele S, Planckaert S, Schoovaerts J, Deforce D, Devreese B. Microfluidics-based LC-MS MRM approach for the relative quantification of Burkholderia cenocepacia secreted virulence factors. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2018; 32:469-479. [PMID: 29322563 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Burkholderia cenocepacia is an opportunistic pathogen that is commonly isolated from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Several virulence factors have been identified, including extracellular enzymes that are secreted by type II and type VI secretion systems. The activity of these secretion systems is modulated by quorum sensing. Apart from the classical acylhomoserine lactone quorum sensing, B. cenocepacia also uses the diffusible signal factor system (DSF) i.e. 2-undecenoic acid derivatives that are recognized by specific receptors resulting in changes in biofilm formation, motility and virulence. However, quantitative information on alterations in the actual production and release of virulence factors upon exposure to DSF is lacking. We here describe an approach implementing microfluidics based chromatography combined with single reaction monitoring to quantify protein virulence factors in the secretome of B. cenocepacia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Depluverez
- Laboratory for Protein Biochemistry and Biomolecular Engineering (L-ProBE), Ghent University, KL Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Simon Daled
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stijn De Waele
- Laboratory for Protein Biochemistry and Biomolecular Engineering (L-ProBE), Ghent University, KL Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sören Planckaert
- Laboratory for Protein Biochemistry and Biomolecular Engineering (L-ProBE), Ghent University, KL Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jolien Schoovaerts
- Laboratory for Protein Biochemistry and Biomolecular Engineering (L-ProBE), Ghent University, KL Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dieter Deforce
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart Devreese
- Laboratory for Protein Biochemistry and Biomolecular Engineering (L-ProBE), Ghent University, KL Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Xie S, Zang H, Wu H, Uddin Rajer F, Gao X. Antibacterial effects of volatiles produced by Bacillus strain D13 against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2018; 19:49-58. [PMID: 27682316 PMCID: PMC6637998 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Recent investigations have demonstrated that bacteria employ the volatile compounds they produce during interactions with other organisms, such as plants, fungi, nematodes and bacteria. However, studies focused on the antibacterial activity of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) volatiles against bacterial phytopathogens are still rare. In this study, Bacillus strain D13, which is antagonistic to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), was isolated and screened. Volatile compounds emitted from strain D13 reduced the colony diameter and cell motility of Xoo cultured in divided Petri plates. Transmission electron micrograph analysis showed concentration in cytoplasm and altered surface morphology in the majority of Xanthomonas cells after co-cultivation with strain D13. Transcriptional expression of virulence-associated genes in Xoo was repressed. Based on gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis, 12 volatile compounds specifically produced by strain D13 were identified. Among them, decyl alcohol and 3,5,5-trimethylhexanol inhibited the growth of Xoo at minimum inhibitory amounts of 0.48 and 2.4 mg, respectively. Furthermore, transcriptional expression of virulence-associated genes was also repressed by decyl alcohol and 3,5,5-trimethylhexanol. These results are useful for a better understanding of the biocontrol mechanisms of Bacillus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Xie
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of EducationNanjing210095China
| | - Haoyu Zang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of EducationNanjing210095China
| | - Huijun Wu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of EducationNanjing210095China
| | - Faheem Uddin Rajer
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of EducationNanjing210095China
| | - Xuewen Gao
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of EducationNanjing210095China
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Large-Scale Bioinformatics Analysis of Bacillus Genomes Uncovers Conserved Roles of Natural Products in Bacterial Physiology. mSystems 2017; 2:mSystems00040-17. [PMID: 29152584 PMCID: PMC5686519 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00040-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria possess an amazing capacity to synthesize a diverse range of structurally complex, bioactive natural products known as specialized (or secondary) metabolites. Many of these specialized metabolites are used as clinical therapeutics, while others have important ecological roles in microbial communities. The biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) that generate these metabolites can be identified in bacterial genome sequences using their highly conserved genetic features. We analyzed an unprecedented 1,566 bacterial genomes from Bacillus species and identified nearly 20,000 BGCs. By comparing these BGCs to one another as well as a curated set of known specialized metabolite BGCs, we discovered that the majority of Bacillus natural products are comprised of a small set of highly conserved, well-distributed, known natural product compounds. Most of these metabolites have important roles influencing the physiology and development of Bacillus species. We identified, in addition to these characterized compounds, many unique, weakly conserved BGCs scattered across the genus that are predicted to encode unknown natural products. Many of these "singleton" BGCs appear to have been acquired via horizontal gene transfer. Based on this large-scale characterization of metabolite production in the Bacilli, we go on to connect the alkylpyrones, natural products that are highly conserved but previously biologically uncharacterized, to a role in Bacillus physiology: inhibiting spore development. IMPORTANCEBacilli are capable of producing a diverse array of specialized metabolites, many of which have gained attention for their roles as signals that affect bacterial physiology and development. Up to this point, however, the Bacillus genus's metabolic capacity has been underexplored. We undertook a deep genomic analysis of 1,566 Bacillus genomes to understand the full spectrum of metabolites that this bacterial group can make. We discovered that the majority of the specialized metabolites produced by Bacillus species are highly conserved, known compounds with important signaling roles in the physiology and development of this bacterium. Additionally, there is significant unique biosynthetic machinery distributed across the genus that might lead to new, unknown metabolites with diverse biological functions. Inspired by the findings of our genomic analysis, we speculate that the highly conserved alkylpyrones might have an important biological activity within this genus. We go on to validate this prediction by demonstrating that these natural products are developmental signals in Bacillus and act by inhibiting sporulation.
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Cell-cell communication enhances bacterial chemotaxis toward external attractants. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12855. [PMID: 28993669 PMCID: PMC5634484 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13183-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria are able to coordinate their movement, growth and biochemical activities through cell-cell communication. While the biophysical mechanism of bacterial chemotaxis has been well understood in individual cells, the role of communication in the chemotaxis of bacterial populations is not clear. Here we report experimental evidence for cell-cell communication that significantly enhances the chemotactic migration of bacterial populations, a finding that we further substantiate using numerical simulations. Using a microfluidic approach, we find that E. coli cells respond to the gradient of chemoattractant not only by biasing their own random-walk swimming pattern through the well-understood intracellular chemotaxis signaling, but also by actively secreting a chemical signal into the extracellular medium, possibly through a hitherto unknown communication signal transduction pathway. This extracellular signaling molecule is a strong chemoattractant that attracts distant cells to the food source. The observed behavior may represent a common evolved solution to accelerate the function of biochemical networks of interacting cells.
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Schatschneider S, Schneider J, Blom J, Létisse F, Niehaus K, Goesmann A, Vorhölter FJ. Systems and synthetic biology perspective of the versatile plant-pathogenic and polysaccharide-producing bacterium Xanthomonas campestris. Microbiology (Reading) 2017; 163:1117-1144. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Schatschneider
- Abteilung für Proteom und Metabolomforschung, Centrum für Biotechnologie (CeBiTec), Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
- Present address: Evonik Nutrition and Care GmbH, Kantstr. 2, 33790 Halle-Künsebeck, Germany
| | - Jessica Schneider
- Bioinformatics Resource Facility, Centrum für Biotechnologie, Universität Bielefeld, Germany
- Present address: Evonik Nutrition and Care GmbH, Kantstr. 2, 33790 Halle-Künsebeck, Germany
| | - Jochen Blom
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Germany
| | - Fabien Létisse
- LISBP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - Karsten Niehaus
- Abteilung für Proteom und Metabolomforschung, Centrum für Biotechnologie (CeBiTec), Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Alexander Goesmann
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Germany
| | - Frank-Jörg Vorhölter
- Institut für Genomforschung und Systembiologie, Centrum für Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
- Present address: MVZ Dr. Eberhard & Partner Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
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48
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Pascual J, von Hoermann C, Rottler-Hoermann AM, Nevo O, Geppert A, Sikorski J, Huber KJ, Steiger S, Ayasse M, Overmann J. Function of bacterial community dynamics in the formation of cadaveric semiochemicals during in situ carcass decomposition. Environ Microbiol 2017. [PMID: 28631411 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The decomposition of dead mammalian tissue involves a complex temporal succession of epinecrotic bacteria. Microbial activity may release different cadaveric volatile organic compounds which in turn attract other key players of carcass decomposition such as scavenger insects. To elucidate the dynamics and potential functions of epinecrotic bacteria on carcasses, we monitored bacterial communities developing on still-born piglets incubated in different forest ecosystems by combining high-throughput Illumina 16S rRNA sequencing with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of volatiles. Our results show that the community structure of epinecrotic bacteria and the types of cadaveric volatile compounds released over the time course of decomposition are driven by deterministic rather than stochastic processes. Individual cadaveric volatile organic compounds were correlated with specific taxa during the first stages of decomposition which are dominated by bacteria. Through best-fitting multiple linear regression models, the synthesis of acetic acid, indole and phenol could be linked to the activity of Enterobacteriaceae, Tissierellaceae and Xanthomonadaceae, respectively. These conclusions are also commensurate with the metabolism described for the dominant taxa identified for these families. The predictable nature of in situ synthesis of cadaveric volatile organic compounds by epinecrotic bacteria provides a new basis for future chemical ecology and forensic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Pascual
- Department of Microbial Ecology and Diversity Research, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christian von Hoermann
- Department of Biology, Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ann-Marie Rottler-Hoermann
- Department of Biology, Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Omer Nevo
- Department of Biology, Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alicia Geppert
- Department of Microbial Ecology and Diversity Research, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Johannes Sikorski
- Department of Microbial Ecology and Diversity Research, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Katharina J Huber
- Department of Microbial Ecology and Diversity Research, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sandra Steiger
- Department of Biology, Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Manfred Ayasse
- Department of Biology, Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jörg Overmann
- Department of Microbial Ecology and Diversity Research, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen, Braunschweig, Germany.,Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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Zhu JJ, Chaudhury MF, Durso LM, Sagel A, Skoda SR, Jelvez-Serra NS, Santanab EG. Semiochemicals released from five bacteria identified from animal wounds infested by primary screwworms and their effects on fly behavioral activity. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179090. [PMID: 28594888 PMCID: PMC5464644 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Primary screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), is a serious pest feeding on living flesh of any warm-blooded animal, including humans. It was eradicated from the United States in the early 1980s using the sterile male technique. However, it was recently detected in populations of wild deer and pets in the Florida Keys of the US. For monitoring purposes, screwworm flies are normally trapped using attractant bait with liver. However, there has been little effort to develop an efficient monitoring system for detection of screwworm flies using a specific synthetic attractant blend. Several studies have shown that odors from animal wound fluids attract screwworm adults, particularly gravid females. Bacteria associated with animal wounds have been identified that act as a major source for this attraction. To understand what volatiles attract screwworms we inoculated bovine blood with previously identified bacteria. We identified volatile chemicals released from the inoculated blood and other selected media over time and assessed the effect of those chemicals on behavioral activity of adult screwworm flies. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A total of 7 volatile compounds were collected from bacteria incubated in either broth or blood using solid-phase microextraction, and their chemical structures were identified by their characteristic mass spectrum fragments and confirmed by retention times in comparison to those of synthetic standards via gas chromatograph combined mass spectrometry analyses. Five major volatiles including dimethyl disulfide, dimethyl trisulfide, phenol, p-cresol and indole were detected from a mixture of 5 bacteria incubated in blood. The ratios of volatiles released differed among different incubation media, time and individual bacteria. A synthetic mixture containing the five compounds was demonstrated to be attractive to adult screwworm flies both in laboratory assays and field trapping trials. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The results obtained from this study may assist in developing an efficient trapping system using the identified attractant blend to detect the infestation of primary screwworms. This is also the first study to explore the complex systems in volatile release profiles from 5 bacteria isolated from screwworm-infested animal wounds that are incubated with different media and incubation time, as well as individual and multi-species bacterial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei J. Zhu
- USDA-ARS, Agroecosystem Management Research Unit, East Campus, UNL, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Muhammad F. Chaudhury
- USDA-ARS, Screwworm Research Unit, UNL-EC, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Lisa M. Durso
- USDA-ARS, Agroecosystem Management Research Unit, East Campus, UNL, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Agustin Sagel
- USDA-ARS, Screwworm Research Unit, Pacora, Republic of Panama
| | - Steven R. Skoda
- USDA-ARS, Screwworm Research Unit, Knipling-Bushland U. S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, Kerrville, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nadia S. Jelvez-Serra
- Instituto de Quimica e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
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