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Sun Z, Zhang W, Li J, Yang K, Zhang Y, Li Z. H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus Downregulates FcRY Expression in Chicken Macrophage Cell Line HD11 by Activating the JNK MAPK Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2650. [PMID: 38473897 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The H9N2 avian influenza virus causes reduced production performance and immunosuppression in chickens. The chicken yolk sac immunoglobulins (IgY) receptor (FcRY) transports from the yolk into the embryo, providing offspring with passive immunity to infection against common poultry pathogens. FcRY is expressed in many tissues/organs of the chicken; however, there are no reports investigating FcRY expression in chicken macrophage cells, and how H9N2-infected HD11 cells (a chicken macrophage-like cell line) regulate FcRY expression remains uninvestigated. This study used the H9N2 virus as a model pathogen to explore the regulation of FcRY expression in avian macrophages. FcRY was highly expressed in HD11 cells, as shown by reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions, and indirect immunofluorescence indicated that FcRY was widely expressed in HD11 cells. HD11 cells infected with live H9N2 virus exhibited downregulated FcRY expression. Transfection of eukaryotic expression plasmids encoding each viral protein of H9N2 into HD11 cells revealed that nonstructural protein (NS1) and matrix protein (M1) downregulated FcRY expression. In addition, the use of a c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activator inhibited the expression of FcRY, while a JNK inhibitor antagonized the downregulation of FcRY expression by live H9N2 virus, NS1 and M1 proteins. Finally, a dual luciferase reporter system showed that both the M1 protein and the transcription factor c-jun inhibited FcRY expression at the transcriptional level. Taken together, the transcription factor c-jun was a negative regulator of FcRY, while the live H9N2 virus, NS1, and M1 proteins downregulated the FcRY expression through activating the JNK signaling pathway. This provides an experimental basis for a novel mechanism of immunosuppression in the H9N2 avian influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Kang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yanhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zili Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
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2
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Sajewicz-Krukowska J, Mirosław P, Jastrzębski JP, Domańska-Blicharz K, Tarasiuk K, Marzec-Kotarska B. miRNA Expression Signatures Induced by Chicken Astrovirus Infection in Chickens. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15128. [PMID: 37894809 PMCID: PMC10606767 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
miRNAs represent ubiquitous regulators of gene expression and play an important and pivotal regulatory role in viral disease pathogenesis and virus-host interactions. Although previous studies have provided basic data for understanding the role of miRNAs in the molecular mechanisms of viral infection in birds, the role of miRNAs in the regulation of host responses to chicken astrovirus (CAstV) infection in chickens is not yet understood. In our study, we applied next-generation sequencing to profile miRNA expression in CAstV-infected chickens and to decipher miRNA-targeted specific signaling pathways engaged in potentially vital virus-infection biological processes. Among the 1354 detected miRNAs, we identified 58 mature miRNAs that were significantly differentially expressed in infected birds. Target prediction resulted in 4741 target genes. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses showed that the target genes were mainly involved in the regulation of cellular processes and immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Sajewicz-Krukowska
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (K.D.-B.); (K.T.)
| | - Paweł Mirosław
- Foundation of Research and Science Development, 01-242 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Jan P. Jastrzębski
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Domańska-Blicharz
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (K.D.-B.); (K.T.)
| | - Karolina Tarasiuk
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (K.D.-B.); (K.T.)
| | - Barbara Marzec-Kotarska
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, The Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
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3
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Lee S, Kang S, Heo J, Hong Y, Vu TH, Truong AD, Lillehoj HS, Hong YH. MicroRNA expression profiling in the lungs of genetically different Ri chicken lines against the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023; 65:838-855. [PMID: 37970505 PMCID: PMC10640957 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2022.e127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus triggers infectious diseases, resulting in pulmonary damage and high mortality in domestic poultry worldwide. This study aimed to analyze miRNA expression profiles after infection with the HPAI H5N1 virus in resistant and susceptible lines of Ri chickens.For this purpose, resistant and susceptible lines of Vietnamese Ri chicken were used based on the A/G allele of Mx and BF2 genes. These genes are responsible for innate antiviral activity and were selected to determine differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs in HPAI-infected chicken lines using small RNA sequencing. A total of 44 miRNAs were DE after 3 days of infection with the H5N1 virus. Computational program analysis indicated the candidate target genes for DE miRNAs to possess significant functions related to cytokines, chemokines, MAPK signaling pathway, ErBb signaling pathway, and Wnt signaling pathway. Several DE miRNA-mRNA matches were suggested to play crucial roles in mediating immune functions against viral evasion. These results revealed the potential regulatory roles of miRNAs in the immune response of the two Ri chicken lines against HPAI H5N1 virus infection in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooyeon Lee
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Suyeon Kang
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Jubi Heo
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Yeojin Hong
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Thi Hao Vu
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Anh Duc Truong
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology,
National Institute of Veterinary Research, Hanoi 100000, Viet
Nam
| | - Hyun S Lillehoj
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology
Laboratory, Agricultural Research Services, United States Department of
Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Yeong Ho Hong
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
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4
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Cai J, Wang S, Du H, Fan L, Yuan W, Xu Q, Ren J, Lin Q, Xiang B, Ding C, Ren T, Chen L. NDV-induced autophagy enhances inflammation through NLRP3/Caspase-1 inflammasomes and the p38/MAPK pathway. Vet Res 2023; 54:43. [PMID: 37277829 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01174-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND), caused by the Newcastle disease virus (NDV), is a highly virulent infectious disease of poultry. Virulent NDV can cause severe autophagy and inflammation in host cells. While studies have shown a mutual regulatory relationship between autophagy and inflammation, this relationship in NDV infection remains unclear. This study confirmed that NDV infection could trigger autophagy in DF-1 cells to promote cytopathic and viral replication. NDV-induced autophagy was positively correlated with the mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-8, IL-18, CCL-5, and TNF-α, suggesting that NDV-induced autophagy promotes the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Further investigation demonstrated that NLRP3 protein expression, Caspase-1 activity, and p38 phosphorylation level positively correlated with autophagy, suggesting that NDV-induced autophagy could promote the expression of inflammatory cytokines through NLRP3/Caspase-1 inflammasomes and p38/MAPK pathway. In addition, NDV infection also triggered mitochondrial damage and mitophagy in DF-1 cells, but did not result in a large leakage of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), indicating that mitochondrial damage and mitophagy do not contribute to the inflammation response during NDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juncheng Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoyun Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - WeiFeng Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiufan Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinlian Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuyan Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Xiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Chan Ding
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Tao Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Libin Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.
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5
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Gao P, Zhang S, Zhang X, Xu C, Chen L, Fan L, Ren J, Lin Q, Xiang B, Ren T. S1PR1 regulates NDV-induced IL-1β expression via NLRP3/caspase-1 inflammasome. Vet Res 2022; 53:58. [PMID: 35854395 PMCID: PMC9294853 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01078-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is an acute, febrile, and highly contagious disease caused by the Newcastle disease virus (NDV), an important pathogen harmful to domestic poultry. Virulent NDV strain infection induces IL-1β expression and along with strong inflammatory response, ultimately results in death. Inhibition or overexpression of S1PR1, an important target for inflammatory disease treatment, regulates IL-1β expression, suggesting that S1PR1 may alter the degree of the inflammatory response induced by NDV infection by regulating pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. However, the molecular mechanism by which S1PR1 regulates IL-1β expression remains unclear. Here, we explore the expression and tissue distribution of S1PR1 after NDV infection and found that S1PR1 expression increased in the lungs, bursa of Fabricius, and DF-1. IL-1β expression induced by NDV was increased following treatment of cells with the S1PR1-specific agonist, SEW2871. In contrast, IL-1β expression induced by NDV was decreased after cells were treated with the S1PR1 inhibitor W146, suggesting that S1PR1 promotes NDV-induced IL-1β expression. Further investigation demonstrated that NDV induced IL-1β expression through p38, JNK/MAPK, and NLRP3/caspase-1 signaling molecules and S1PR1 affected the expression of IL-1β by activating the NLRP3/caspase-1 inflammasome but had no significant effect on p38 and JNK/MAPK. Our study shows that NDV infection promotes S1PR1 expression and induces IL-1β expression through p38, JNK/MAPK, and NLRP3/caspase-1 inflammasomes and that S1PR1 regulates IL-1β expression mainly through the NLRP3/caspase-1 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Gao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Postdoctoral Research Base, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China.,Postdoctoral Research Base, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shiyuan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Chenggang Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Libin Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinlian Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuyan Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Xiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China. .,College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.
| | - Tao Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China. .,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.
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6
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Keskinidou C, Vassiliou AG, Dimopoulou I, Kotanidou A, Orfanos SE. Mechanistic Understanding of Lung Inflammation: Recent Advances and Emerging Techniques. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:3501-3546. [PMID: 35734098 PMCID: PMC9207257 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s282695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening lung injury characterized by an acute inflammatory response in the lung parenchyma. Hence, it is considered as the most appropriate clinical syndrome to study pathogenic mechanisms of lung inflammation. ARDS is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in the intensive care unit (ICU), while no effective pharmacological treatment exists. It is very important therefore to fully characterize the underlying pathobiology and the related mechanisms, in order to develop novel therapeutic approaches. In vivo and in vitro models are important pre-clinical tools in biological and medical research in the mechanistic and pathological understanding of the majority of diseases. In this review, we will present data from selected experimental models of lung injury/acute lung inflammation, which have been based on clinical disorders that can lead to the development of ARDS and related inflammatory lung processes in humans, including ventilation-induced lung injury (VILI), sepsis, ischemia/reperfusion, smoke, acid aspiration, radiation, transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI), influenza, Streptococcus (S.) pneumoniae and coronaviruses infection. Data from the corresponding clinical conditions will also be presented. The mechanisms related to lung inflammation that will be covered are oxidative stress, neutrophil extracellular traps, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, surfactant, and water and ion channels. Finally, we will present a brief overview of emerging techniques in the field of omics research that have been applied to ARDS research, encompassing genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, which may recognize factors to help stratify ICU patients at risk, predict their prognosis, and possibly, serve as more specific therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysi Keskinidou
- First Department of Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Evangelismos" Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Alice G Vassiliou
- First Department of Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Evangelismos" Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Dimopoulou
- First Department of Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Evangelismos" Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Kotanidou
- First Department of Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Evangelismos" Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Stylianos E Orfanos
- First Department of Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Evangelismos" Hospital, Athens, Greece
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7
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You D, Qiao Q, Ono K, Wei M, Tan W, Wang C, Liu Y, Liu G, Zheng M. miR-223-3p inhibits the progression of atherosclerosis via down-regulating the activation of MEK1/ERK1/2 in macrophages. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:1865-1878. [PMID: 35202001 PMCID: PMC8908932 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND microRNAs (miRNAs) have drawn more attention to the progression of atherosclerosis (AS), due to their noticeable inflammation function in cardiovascular disease. Macrophages play a crucial role in disrupting atherosclerotic plaque, thereby we explored the involvement of miR-223-3p in the inflammatory response in macrophages. METHODS RT-qPCR was used to analyze the miR-223-3p levels in carotid arteries and serum of AS patients. ROC curve was used to assess the diagnostic value of miR-223-3p. Movat staining was applied to evaluate the morphological differences. FISH was used to identify the expression of miR-223-3p in macrophages of atherosclerotic lesions. Bioinformatic analysis was performed. Double-immunofluorescence and western blot were performed to assess the inflammatory cytokine secretion and p-ERK1/2. C16-PAF was injected into the culture medium of the miR-223-3p mimic/NC-transfected macrophages with ox-LDL. RESULTS MiR-223-3p was up-regulated in AS patients and was associated with a higher overall survival rate. MiR-223-3p was co-localized with CD68+ macrophages in vulnerable atherosclerotic lesions. MiR-223-3p mimics decreased atherosclerotic lesions, macrophages numbers whereas increased SMCs numbers in the lesions. The TNF-a immune-positive areas were reduced by miR-223-3p mimics. MAP2K1 was negatively associated with miR-223-3p. MiR-223-3p mimics reduced the inflammation and the MEK1/ERK1/2 signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro. C16-PAF reversed the effects of miR-223-3p mimics on inflammation and ERK1/2 signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS MiR-223-3p negatively regulates inflammatory responses by the MEK1/ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Our study provides new insight into how miR-223-3p protects against atherosclerosis, representing a broader therapeutic prospect for treating atherosclerosis by miR-223-3p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daofeng You
- Hebei Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050023, Hebei, China
| | - Qiuge Qiao
- Hebei Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050023, Hebei, China
| | - Katsushige Ono
- Department of Pathophysiology, Oita University School of Medicine, Hasama, Yufu, Ōita-shi, Japan
| | - Mei Wei
- Hebei Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050023, Hebei, China
| | - Wenyun Tan
- Hebei Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050023, Hebei, China
| | - Cuihua Wang
- Hebei Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050023, Hebei, China
| | - Yangong Liu
- Hebei Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050023, Hebei, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Hebei Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050023, Hebei, China
| | - Mingqi Zheng
- Hebei Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050023, Hebei, China
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8
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Hong Y, Truong AD, Lee J, Vu TH, Lee S, Song KD, Lillehoj HS, Hong YH. Exosomal miRNA profiling from H5N1 avian influenza virus-infected chickens. Vet Res 2021; 52:36. [PMID: 33658079 PMCID: PMC7931527 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-00892-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are membrane vesicles containing proteins, lipids, DNA, mRNA, and micro RNA (miRNA). Exosomal miRNA from donor cells can regulate the gene expression of recipient cells. Here, Ri chickens were divided into resistant (Mx/A; BF2/B21) and susceptible (Mx/G; BF2/B13) trait by genotyping of Mx and BF2 genes. Then, Ri chickens were infected with H5N1, a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV). Exosomes were purified from blood serum of resistant chickens for small RNA sequencing. Sequencing data were analysed using FastQCv0.11.7, Cutadapt 1.16, miRBase v21, non-coding RNA database, RNAcentral 10.0, and miRDeep2. Differentially expressed miRNAs were determined using statistical methods, including fold-change, exactTest using edgeR, and hierarchical clustering. Target genes were predicted using miRDB. Gene ontology analysis was performed using gProfiler. Twenty miRNAs showed significantly different expression patterns between resistant control and infected chickens. Nine miRNAs were up-regulated and 11 miRNAs were down-regulated in the infected chickens compared with that in the control chickens. In target gene analysis, various immune-related genes, such as cytokines, chemokines, and signalling molecules, were detected. In particular, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway molecules were highly controlled by differentially expressed miRNAs. The result of qRT-PCR for miRNAs was identical with sequencing data and miRNA expression level was higher in resistant than susceptible chickens. This study will help to better understand the host immune response, particularly exosomal miRNA expression against HPAIV H5N1 and could help to determine biomarkers for disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeojin Hong
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Anh Duc Truong
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, National Institute of Veterinary Research, 86 Truong Chinh, Dong Da, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Jiae Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Hao Vu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooyeon Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Duk Song
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun S Lillehoj
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Services, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Yeong Ho Hong
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Upregulation of DUSP6 impairs infectious bronchitis virus replication by negatively regulating ERK pathway and promoting apoptosis. Vet Res 2021; 52:7. [PMID: 33431056 PMCID: PMC7798014 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-020-00866-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidating virus-cell interactions is fundamental to understanding viral replication and identifying targets for therapeutic control of viral infection. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway has been shown to regulate pathogenesis during many viral infections, but its role during coronavirus infection is undetermined. Infectious bronchitis virus is the representative strain of Gammacoronavirus, which causes acute and highly contagious diseases in the poultry farm. In this study, we investigated the role of ERK1/2 signaling pathway in IBV infection. We found that IBV infection activated ERK1/2 signaling and the up-regulation of phosphatase DUSP6 formed a negative regulation loop. Pharmacological inhibition of MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signaling suppressed the expression of DUSP6, promoted cell death, and restricted virus replication. In contrast, suppression of DUSP6 by chemical inhibitor or siRNA increased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, protected cells from apoptosis, and facilitated IBV replication. Overexpression of DUSP6 decreased the level of phospho-ERK1/2, promoted apoptosis, while dominant negative mutant DUSP6-DN lost the regulation function on ERK1/2 signaling and apoptosis. In conclusion, these data suggest that MEK-ERK1/2 signaling pathway facilitates IBV infection, probably by promoting cell survival; meanwhile, induction of DUSP6 forms a negative regulation loop to restrict ERK1/2 signaling, correlated with increased apoptosis and reduced viral load. Consequently, components of the ERK pathway, such as MEK1/2 and DUSP6, represent excellent targets for the development of antiviral drugs.
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10
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Yim HCH, Leon TYY, Li JCB. MXD1 regulates the H9N2 and H1N1 influenza A virus-induced chemokine expression and their replications in human macrophage. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:1631-1640. [PMID: 32794336 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4ma0620-703rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human infection with influenza A/Hong Kong/156/97 (H5N1) avian influenza virus is associated with a high mortality rate of 60%. This virus is originated from influenza A/Quail/Hong Kong/G1/97 (H9N2/G1) avian influenza virus. Since the 1990s, four lineages of H9N2 viruses have been circulating in poultry and cause occasional infection in humans in different countries. Due to its zoonotic and genetic reassortment potential, H9N2/G1 and H5N1 viruses are believed to be the next pandemic candidates. Previous reports, including ours, showed that the virulence of avian virus strains correlates with their ability to dysregulate cytokine expression, including TNF-α, CXCL10, and related chemokines in the virus-infected cells. However, the transcriptional factors required for this cytokine dysregulation remains undefined. In light of our previous report showing the unconventional role of MYC, an onco-transcriptional factor, for regulating the antibacterial responses, we hypothesize that the influenza virus-induced cytokine productions may be governed by MYC/MAX/MXD1 network members. Here, we demonstrated that the influenza A/Hong Kong/54/98 (H1N1)- or H9N2/G1 virus-induced CXCL10 expressions can be significantly attenuated by knocking down the MXD1 expression in primary human blood macrophages. Indeed, only the MXD1 expression was up-regulated by both H1N1 and H9N2/G1 viruses, but not other MYC/MAX/MXD1 members. The MXD1 expression and the CXCL10 hyperinduction were dependent on MEK1/2 activation. By using EMSAs, we revealed that MXD1 directly binds to the CXCL10 promoter-derived oligonucleotides upon infection of both viruses. Furthermore, silencing of MXD1 decreased the replication of H9N2 but not H1N1 viruses. Our results provide a new insight into the role of MXD1 for the pathogenicity of avian influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard C H Yim
- Microbiome Research Centre, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Thomas Y Y Leon
- Dr. Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, P.R. China
| | - James C B Li
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, P.R. China
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Gao K, Song YP, Du X, Chen H, Zhao LT. Exploring multiple mechanisms of Qingjie Fanggan prescription for prevention and treatment of influenza based on systems pharmacology. Comput Biol Chem 2020; 88:107307. [PMID: 32622176 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2020.107307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Influenza is a type of acute disease characterized by strong contagiousness and short incubation period, which have posed a large potential threat to public health. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) advocates to the aim of combating complex diseases from a holistic view, which has shown effectiveness in anti-influenza. However, the mechanism of TCM prescription remains puzzling. Here, we applied a system pharmacology approach to reveal the underlying molecular mechanisms of Qingjie Fanggan prescription (QFP) in the prevention and treatment of influenza. In this study, we identified 228 potential active compounds by means of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) evaluation system and literature research. Then, the targets of the potential active compounds were predicted by using the WES (Weighted Ensemble Similarity) method, and the influenza-related targets were obtained according to some existing gene databases. Next, an herb-component-target network was constructed to further dissect the multi-directional therapeutic approach for QFP. Meanwhile, we also performed gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) annotation analysis on 344 potential targets. Finally, a target-pathway network was constructed to further dissect the core pathways and targets in treatment of influenza for QFP. And the key components and targets were docked by AutoDock Vina to explore their binding mode. All of these demonstrated that QFP had multi-scale curative activity in regulating influenza-related biological processes, which facilitates the application of traditional medicine in modern medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Gao
- Pharmacy College, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan-Ping Song
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xia Du
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Hao Chen
- Pharmacy College, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lin-Tao Zhao
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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12
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Repurposing Papaverine as an Antiviral Agent against Influenza Viruses and Paramyxoviruses. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.01888-19. [PMID: 31896588 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01888-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses are highly infectious and are the leading cause of human respiratory diseases and may trigger severe epidemics and occasional pandemics. Although antiviral drugs against influenza viruses have been developed, there is an urgent need to design new strategies to develop influenza virus inhibitors due to the increasing resistance of viruses toward currently available drugs. In this study, we examined the antiviral activity of natural compounds against the following influenza virus strains: A/WSN/33 (H1N1), A/Udorn/72 (H3N2), and B/Lee/40. Papaverine (a nonnarcotic alkaloid that has been used for the treatment of heart disease, impotency, and psychosis) was found to be an effective inhibitor of multiple strains of influenza virus. Kinetic studies demonstrated that papaverine inhibited influenza virus infection at a late stage in the virus life cycle. An alteration in influenza virus morphology and viral ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) localization was observed as an effect of papaverine treatment. Papaverine is a well-known phosphodiesterase inhibitor and also modifies the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway by downregulating the phosphorylation of MEK and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Thus, the modulation of host cell signaling pathways by papaverine may be associated with the nuclear retention of vRNPs and the reduction of influenza virus titers. Interestingly, papaverine also inhibited paramyxoviruses parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), human parainfluenza virus 3 (HPIV3), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections. We propose that papaverine can be a potential candidate to be used as an antiviral agent against a broad range of influenza viruses and paramyxoviruses.IMPORTANCE Influenza viruses are important human pathogens that are the causative agents of epidemics and pandemics. Despite the availability of an annual vaccine, a large number of cases occur every year globally. Here, we report that papaverine, a vasodilator, shows inhibitory action against various strains of influenza virus as well as the paramyxoviruses PIV5, HPIV3, and RSV. A significant effect of papaverine on the influenza virus morphology was observed. Papaverine treatment of influenza-virus-infected cells resulted in the inhibition of virus at a later time in the virus life cycle through the suppression of nuclear export of vRNP and also interfered with the host cellular cAMP and MEK/ERK cascade pathways. This study explores the use of papaverine as an effective inhibitor of both influenza viruses as well as paramyxoviruses.
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13
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Mohd Isa F, Ahmed Al-Haj N, Mat Isa N, Ideris A, Powers C, Oladapo O, Nair V, Omar AR. Differential expression of immune-related genes in the bursa of Fabricius of two inbred chicken lines following infection with very virulent infectious bursal disease virus. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 68:101399. [PMID: 31837598 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2019.101399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Among different inbred chickens' lines, we previously showed that lines P and N of Institute for Animal Health, Compton, UK are the most susceptible and the least affected lines, respectively, following infection with very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV). In this study, the differential expressions of 29 different immune-related genes were characterized. Although, birds from both lines succumbed to infection, line P showed greater bursal lesion scores and higher viral copy numbers compared to line N. Interestingly, line N showed greater down-regulation of B cell related genes (BLNK, TNFSF13B and CD72) compared to line P. While up-regulation of T-cell related genes (CD86 and CTLA4) and Th1 associated cytokines (IFNG, IL2, IL12A and IL15) were documented in both lines, the expression levels of these genes were different in the two lines. Meanwhile, the expression of IFN-related genes IFNB, STAT1, and IRF10, but not IRF5, were up-regulated in both lines. The expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL1B, IL6, IL18, and IL17) and chemokines (CXCLi2, CCL4, CCL5 and CCR5) were up-regulated in both lines with greater increase documented in line P compared to line N. Strikingly, the expression of IL12B was detected only in line P whilst the expression of IL15RA was detected only in line N. In conclusion, the bursal immunopathology of IBDV correlates more with expression of proinflammatory response related genes and does not related to expression of B-cell related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhanah Mohd Isa
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nagi Ahmed Al-Haj
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurulfiza Mat Isa
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Aini Ideris
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Claire Powers
- Viral Oncogenesis Group, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, UK; The Jenner Institute, The Centre for Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Venugopal Nair
- Viral Oncogenesis Group, The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, UK
| | - Abdul Rahman Omar
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.
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14
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Nuthalapati NK, Evans JD, Taylor RL, Branton SL, Nanduri B, Pharr GT. Transcriptomic analysis of early B-cell development in the chicken embryo. Poult Sci 2019; 98:5342-5354. [PMID: 31237340 PMCID: PMC6771548 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The chicken bursa of Fabricius is a primary lymphoid tissue important for B-cell development. Our long-term goal is to understand the role of bursal microenvironment in an early B-cell differentiation event initiating repertoire development through immunoglobulin gene conversion in the chick embryo. We hypothesize that early bursal B-cell differentiation is guided by signals through cytokine receptors. Our theory is based on previous evidence for expression of the receptor tyrosine kinase superfamily members and interleukin receptors in unseparated populations of bursal B-cells and bursal tissue. Knowledge of the expressed genes that are responsible for B-cell differentiation is a prerequisite for understanding the bursal microenvironment's function. This project uses transcriptomic analysis to evaluate gene expression across early B-cell development. RNA-seq was performed with total RNA isolated from bursal B-cells at embryonic day (ED) 16 and ED 19 (n = 3). Approximately 90 million high-quality clean reads were obtained from the cDNA libraries. The analysis revealed differentially expressed genes involved in the Jak-STAT pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, metabolic pathways including tyrosine metabolism, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, and cell-adhesion molecules. The genes predicted to encode surface receptors, signal transduction proteins, and transcription factors identified in this study represent gene candidates for controlling B-cell development in response to differentiation factors in the bursal microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil K Nuthalapati
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State MS 39762, Mississippi State
| | - Jeffrey D Evans
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Poultry Research Unit, PO Box 5367, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762-5367
| | - Robert L Taylor
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - Scott L Branton
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Poultry Research Unit, PO Box 5367, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762-5367
| | - Bindu Nanduri
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State MS 39762, Mississippi State
| | - Gregory T Pharr
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State MS 39762, Mississippi State
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15
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Protective Effect of Ginsenoside Rg1 on Oxidative Damage Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide in Chicken Splenic Lymphocytes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8465030. [PMID: 31178974 PMCID: PMC6501224 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8465030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous investigation showed that ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) extracted from Panax ginseng C.A. Mey has antioxidative effect on oxidative stress in chickens. The present study was designed to investigate the protective effects of Rg1 on chicken lymphocytes against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress and the potential mechanisms. Cell viability, apoptotic cells, malondialdehyde, activity of superoxide dismutase, mitochondrial membrane potential, and [Ca2+]i concentration were measured, and transcriptome analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to investigate the effect of Rg1 on gene expression of the cells. The results showed that treatment of lymphocytes with H2O2 induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. However, pretreatment of the cells with Rg1 dramatically enhanced cell viability, reduced apoptotic cells, and decreased oxidative stress induced by H2O2. In addition, Rg1 reduced these H2O2-dependent decreases in mitochondrial membrane potential and reversed [Ca2+]i overload. Transcriptome analysis showed that 323 genes were downregulated and 105 genes were upregulated in Rg1-treated cells. The differentially expressed genes were involved in Toll-like receptors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathway, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. The present study indicated that Rg1 may act as an antioxidative agent to protect cell damage caused by oxidative stress via regulating expression of genes such as RELT, EDA2R, and TLR4.
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16
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae β-glucan-induced SBD-1 expression in ovine ruminal epithelial cells is mediated through the TLR-2-MyD88-NF-κB/MAPK pathway. Vet Res Commun 2019; 43:77-89. [PMID: 30863917 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-019-09747-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ovine ruminal epithelial cells (ORECs) not only have a physical barrier function but also can secrete host defence peptides (HDPs), such as sheep β-defensin-1 (SBD-1). As a feed additive, Saccharomyces cerevisiae can enhance the host's innate immunity. β-glucan, a cell wall component of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, can stimulate innate immune responses and trigger the up-regulation of SBD-1 in ORECs. The signaling mechanisms involved in β-glucan-induced SBD-1 expression are not completely understood. The aim of this study was to identify the receptors and intracellular pathways involved in the up-regulation of SBD-1 induced by β-glucan. ORECs were cultured, and the regulatory mechanisms of β-glucan-induced up-regulation of SBD-1 were detected using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and western blotting. TLR-2 and MyD88 knockdown or inhibition attenuated β-glucan-induced SBD-1 expression. We also showed that inhibition of MAPK and NF-κB pathways significantly reduced β-glucan-induced SBD-1 expression. These results demonstrate that β-glucan-induced SBD-1 expression is TLR-2-MyD88-dependent and may be regulated by both MAPK and NF-κB pathways. Since NF-κB inhibition had a greater effect on the down-regulation of β-glucan-induced SBD-1 expression, the NF-κB pathway may be the dominant signaling pathway involved in the regulation of defensin expression. Our studies demonstrate that β-glucan-induced SBD-1 expression is mediated through the TLR-2-MyD88-NF-κB/MAPK pathway. Our results would contribute to the understanding of immunological modulations in the gastrointestinal tract triggered by probiotic yeast cell wall components.
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17
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Manley GCA, Parker LC, Zhang Y. Emerging Regulatory Roles of Dual-Specificity Phosphatases in Inflammatory Airway Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E678. [PMID: 30764493 PMCID: PMC6387402 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory airway disease, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is a major health burden worldwide. These diseases cause large numbers of deaths each year due to airway obstruction, which is exacerbated by respiratory viral infection. The inflammatory response in the airway is mediated in part through the MAPK pathways: p38, JNK and ERK. These pathways also have roles in interferon production, viral replication, mucus production, and T cell responses, all of which are important processes in inflammatory airway disease. Dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) are known to regulate the MAPKs, and roles for this family of proteins in the pathogenesis of airway disease are emerging. This review summarizes the function of DUSPs in regulation of cytokine expression, mucin production, and viral replication in the airway. The central role of DUSPs in T cell responses, including T cell activation, differentiation, and proliferation, will also be highlighted. In addition, the importance of this protein family in the lung, and the necessity of further investigation into their roles in airway disease, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace C A Manley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore.
- Immunology Programme, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore.
| | - Lisa C Parker
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore.
- Immunology Programme, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore.
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18
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Newcastle Disease Virus V Protein Promotes Viral Replication in HeLa Cells through the Activation of MEK/ERK Signaling. Viruses 2018; 10:v10090489. [PMID: 30213106 PMCID: PMC6163439 DOI: 10.3390/v10090489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) can infect a wide range of domestic and wild bird species. The non-structural V protein of NDV plays an important role in antagonizing innate host defenses to facilitate viral replication. However, there is a lack of knowledge related to the mechanisms through which the V protein regulates viral replication. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway in the host is involved in a variety of functions and is activated by several stimuli, including viral replication. In this study, we show that both the lentogenic strain, La Sota, and the velogenic strain, F48E9, of NDV activate the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK)/ERK signaling pathway. The pharmacological inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation using the highly selective inhibitors U0126 and SCH772984 resulted in the reduced levels of NDV RNA in cells and virus titers in the cell supernatant, which established an important role for the MEK/ERK signaling pathway in NDV replication. Moreover, the overexpression of the V protein in HeLa cells increased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and induced the transcriptional changes in the genes downstream of the MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the V protein is involved in the ERK signaling pathway-mediated promotion of NDV replication and thus, can be investigated as a potential antiviral target.
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19
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Zhang T, Ren M, Liu C, Xu L, Wang F, Han Z, Shao Y, Ma D. Comparative analysis of early immune responses induced by two strains of Newcastle disease virus in chickens. Microbiologyopen 2018; 8:e00701. [PMID: 30070070 PMCID: PMC6460277 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease, caused by virulent strain of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), is an acute, highly contagious disease that is prevalent worldwide and is responsible for serious economic losses to the poultry industry. In the current study, we compared the early immune responses in chickens infected with two strains of velogenic NDV, a duck origin, named GD strain (Md/CH/LGD/1/2005, genotype VIId), and an chicken origin, F48E9 strain (genotype IX). The viral RNA level of GD strain was significantly higher than those of F48E9 in most tissues of chicken. Furthermore, the high level of viral RNA of the GD strain was associated with a stronger immune response compared to that of F48E9, characterized by upregulated expression of some of avian β‐defensins and cytokines, most of toll‐like receptors, and some of the other immune‐related genes investigated. This study thus demonstrated differences in host early immune responses to the two NDV strains. Further studies are needed to characterize the basic molecular mechanisms involved in the host responses in chickens infected by the two NDV strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Mengting Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Chenggang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Liwen Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zongxi Han
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yuhao Shao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Deying Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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20
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Kumar R, Khandelwal N, Thachamvally R, Tripathi BN, Barua S, Kashyap SK, Maherchandani S, Kumar N. Role of MAPK/MNK1 signaling in virus replication. Virus Res 2018; 253:48-61. [PMID: 29864503 PMCID: PMC7114592 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Viruses are known to exploit cellular signaling pathways. MAPK is a major cell signaling pathway activated by diverse group of viruses. MNK1 regulates both cap-dependent and IRES-mediated mRNA translation. This review discuss the role of MAPK, particularly the role of MNK1 in virus replication.
Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites; they heavily depend on the host cell machinery to effectively replicate and produce new progeny virus particles. Following viral infection, diverse cell signaling pathways are initiated by the cells, with the major goal of establishing an antiviral state. However, viruses have been shown to exploit cellular signaling pathways for their own effective replication. Genome-wide siRNA screens have also identified numerous host factors that either support (proviral) or inhibit (antiviral) virus replication. Some of the host factors might be dispensable for the host but may be critical for virus replication; therefore such cellular factors may serve as targets for development of antiviral therapeutics. Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) is a major cell signaling pathway that is known to be activated by diverse group of viruses. MAPK interacting kinase 1 (MNK1) has been shown to regulate both cap-dependent and internal ribosomal entry sites (IRES)-mediated mRNA translation. In this review we have discuss the role of MAPK in virus replication, particularly the role of MNK1 in replication and translation of viral genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Kumar
- Virology Laboratory, National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India; Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner, Rajasthan 334001, India
| | - Nitin Khandelwal
- Virology Laboratory, National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - Riyesh Thachamvally
- Virology Laboratory, National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - Bhupendra Nath Tripathi
- Virology Laboratory, National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - Sanjay Barua
- Virology Laboratory, National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar Kashyap
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner, Rajasthan 334001, India
| | - Sunil Maherchandani
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner, Rajasthan 334001, India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Virology Laboratory, National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India.
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21
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Liu C, Jiang L, Liu L, Sun L, Zhao W, Chen Y, Qi T, Han Z, Shao Y, Liu S, Ma D. Induction of Avian β-Defensin 2 Is Possibly Mediated by the p38 MAPK Signal Pathway in Chicken Embryo Fibroblasts After Newcastle Disease Virus Infection. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:751. [PMID: 29725321 PMCID: PMC5916956 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The study was conducted to evaluate whether avian β-defensins (AvBDs) could be induced by Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infection, and to investigate the potential signaling pathway of AvBD2 induction in response to NDV infection as well. First, mRNA expression of AvBDs (1–14) was evaluated in the chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEFs) infected with NDV strain F48E9 at 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h post-inoculation (hpi), respectively. The results demonstrated a significant induction of AvBD2 in CEFs elicited by the NDV strain. Then, we expressed and purified the AvBD2 proteins in both eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells. Of the two recombinant AvBD2 proteins, only the protein expressed in eukaryotic cells showed directly antiviral activity against NDV strain F48E9 in vitro. Ligands of toll-like receptors (TLRs) were chosen as alternatives to NDV to further study signaling pathway of AvBD2 induction here, due to insufficient upregulation of AvBD2 expression elicited by NDV. We found that the mRNA expression of AvBD2 was highly upregulated by Pam3CSK4, FLA-ST, and ODN-M362. Then, four inhibitors of signaling pathway, including inhibitors of JNK, ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, and NF-κB, were used in this study. Of the four inhibitors, only inhibition of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway significantly reduced AvBD2 expression after stimulation with Pam3CSK4, FLA-ST and ODN-M362, respectively. Taken together, these results revealed that AvBD2 play a pivotal role in host innate immunity response to NDV infection. The mRNA expression of AvBD2 might be regulated in a p38 MAPK-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Liangliang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Li Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenjun Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yuqiu Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Tianming Qi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zongxi Han
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yuhao Shao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Shengwang Liu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Deying Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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22
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Wang L, Jiao H, Zhao J, Wang X, Sun S, Lin H. Allicin Alleviates Reticuloendotheliosis Virus-Induced Immunosuppression via ERK/Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway in Specific Pathogen-Free Chickens. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1856. [PMID: 29312337 PMCID: PMC5744041 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV), a gammaretrovirus in the Retroviridae family, causes an immunosuppressive, oncogenic, and runting-stunting syndrome in multiple avian hosts. Allicin, the main effective component of garlic, has a broad spectrum of pharmacological properties. The hypothesis that allicin could relieve REV-induced immune dysfunction was investigated in vivo and in vitro in the present study. The results showed that dietary allicin supplementation ameliorated REV-induced dysplasia and immune dysfunction in REV-infected chickens. Compared with the control groups, REV infection promoted the expression of inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, interferon (IFN)-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), whereas, allicin reversed these changes induced by REV infection. The decreased levels of IFN-α, IFN-β, and IL-2 were observed in REV-infected chickens, which were significantly improved by allicin. Allicin suppressed the REV-induced high expression of toll-like receptors (TLRs) as well as melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) and the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and the nuclear factor kappa B p65. REV stimulated the phosphorylation of JNK, ERK, and p38, the downstream key signaling molecules of MAPK pathway, while allicin retarded the augmented phosphorylation level induced by REV infection. The decreased phosphorylation level of ERK was associated with REV replication, suggesting that ERK signaling is involved in REV replication, and allicin can alleviate the REV-induced immune dysfunction by inhibiting the activation of ERK. In addition, REV infection induced oxidative damage in thymus and spleen, whereas allicin treatment significantly decreased the oxidative stress induced by REV infection, suggesting that the antioxidant effect of allicin should be at least partially responsible for the harmful effect of REV infection. In conclusion, the findings suggest that allicin alleviates the inflammation and oxidative damage caused by REV infection and exerts the potential anti-REV effect by blocking the ERK/MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Wang
- Poultry Oncogenic Virus Research Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Tai'an, China.,Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Tai'an, China
| | - Hongchao Jiao
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Tai'an, China
| | - Jingpeng Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Tai'an, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Tai'an, China
| | - Shuhong Sun
- Poultry Oncogenic Virus Research Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Tai'an, China
| | - Hai Lin
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Tai'an, China
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23
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Huipao N, Borwornpinyo S, Wiboon-ut S, Campbell CR, Lee IH, Hiranyachattada S, Sukasem C, Thitithanyanont A, Pholpramool C, Cook DI, Dinudom A. P2Y6 receptors are involved in mediating the effect of inactivated avian influenza virus H5N1 on IL-6 & CXCL8 mRNA expression in respiratory epithelium. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176974. [PMID: 28494003 PMCID: PMC5426635 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the key pathophysiologies of H5N1 infection is excessive proinflammatory cytokine response (cytokine storm) characterized by increases in IFN-β, TNF-α, IL-6, CXCL10, CCL4, CCL2 and CCL5 in the respiratory tract. H5N1-induced cytokine release can occur via an infection-independent mechanism, however, detail of the cellular signaling involved is poorly understood. To elucidate this mechanism, the effect of inactivated (β-propiolactone-treated) H5N1 on the cytokine and chemokine mRNA expression in 16HBE14o- human respiratory epithelial cells was investigated. We found that the inactivated-H5N1 increased mRNA for IL-6 and CXCL8 but not TNF-α, CCL5 or CXCL10. This effect of the inactivated-H5N1 was inhibited by sialic acid receptor inhibitor (α-2,3 sialidase), adenosine diphosphatase (apyrase), P2Y receptor (P2YR) inhibitor (suramin), P2Y6R antagonist (MRS2578), phospholipase C inhibitor (U73122), protein kinase C inhibitors (BIM and Gö6976) and cell-permeant Ca2+ chelator (BAPTA-AM). Inhibitors of MAPK signaling, including of ERK1/2 (PD98059), p38 MAPK (SB203580) and JNK (SP600125) significantly suppressed the inactivated-H5N1-induced mRNA expression of CXCL8. On the other hand, the inactivated-H5N1-induced mRNA expression of IL-6 was inhibited by SB203580, but not PD98059 or SP600125, whereas SN-50, an inhibitor of NF-κB, inhibited the effect of virus on mRNA expression of both of IL-6 and CXCL8. Taken together, our data suggest that, without infection, inactivated-H5N1 induces mRNA expression of IL-6 and CXCL8 by a mechanism, or mechanisms, requiring interaction between viral hemagglutinin and α-2,3 sialic acid receptors at the cell membrane of host cells, and involves activation of P2Y6 purinergic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawiya Huipao
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Suparerk Borwornpinyo
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suwimon Wiboon-ut
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Craig R. Campbell
- Discipline of Physiology, The Bosch Institute, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Il-Ha Lee
- Discipline of Physiology, The Bosch Institute, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Chonlaphat Sukasem
- Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Chumpol Pholpramool
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - David I. Cook
- Discipline of Physiology, The Bosch Institute, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anuwat Dinudom
- Discipline of Physiology, The Bosch Institute, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- * E-mail:
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24
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Mishra A, Vijayakumar P, Raut AA. Emerging avian influenza infections: Current understanding of innate immune response and molecular pathogenesis. Int Rev Immunol 2017; 36:89-107. [PMID: 28272907 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2017.1291640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) cause severe disease in gallinaceous poultry species, domestic ducks, various aquatic and terrestrial wild bird species as well as humans. The outcome of the disease is determined by complex interactions of multiple components of the host, the virus, and the environment. While the host-innate immune response plays an important role for clearance of infection, excessive inflammatory immune response (cytokine storm) may contribute to morbidity and mortality of the host. Therefore, innate immunity response in avian influenza infection has two distinct roles. However, the viral pathogenic mechanism varies widely in different avian species, which are not completely understood. In this review, we summarized the current understanding and gaps in host-pathogen interaction of avian influenza infection in birds. In first part of this article, we summarized influenza viral pathogenesis of gallinaceous and non-gallinaceous avian species. Then we discussed innate immune response against influenza infection, cytokine storm, differential host immune responses against different pathotypes, and response in different avian species. Finally, we reviewed the systems biology approach to study host-pathogen interaction in avian species for better characterization of molecular pathogenesis of the disease. Wild aquatic birds act as natural reservoir of AIVs. Better understanding of host-pathogen interaction in natural reservoir is fundamental to understand the properties of AIV infection and development of improved vaccine and therapeutic strategies against influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Mishra
- a Pathogenomics Laboratory , OIE Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases , Bhopal , Madhya Pradesh , India
| | - Periyasamy Vijayakumar
- a Pathogenomics Laboratory , OIE Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases , Bhopal , Madhya Pradesh , India
| | - Ashwin Ashok Raut
- a Pathogenomics Laboratory , OIE Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases , Bhopal , Madhya Pradesh , India
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25
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Collisson E, Griggs L, Drechsler Y. Macrophages from disease resistant B2 haplotype chickens activate T lymphocytes more effectively than macrophages from disease susceptible B19 birds. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 67:249-256. [PMID: 27746172 PMCID: PMC7102680 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to respiratory pathogens, including coronavirus-induced infection and clinical illness in chickens has been correlated with the B (MHC) complex and differential ex vivo macrophage responses. In the current study, in vitro T lymphocyte activation measured by IFNγ release was significantly higher in B2 versus B19 haplotypes. AIV infection of macrophages was required to activate T lymphocytes and prior in vivo exposure of chickens to NP AIV plasmid enhanced responses to infected macrophages. This study suggests that the demonstrated T lymphocyte activation is in part due to antigen presentation by the macrophages as well as cytokine release by the infected macrophages, with B2 haplotypes showing stronger activation. These responses were present both in CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes. In contrast, T lymphocytes stimulated by ConA showed greater IFNγ release of B19 haplotype cells, further indicating the greater responses in B2 haplotypes to infection is due to macrophages, but not T cells. In summary, resistance of B2 haplotype chickens appears to be directly linked to a more vigorous innate immune response and the role macrophages play in activating adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Collisson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, United States
| | - Lisa Griggs
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, United States
| | - Yvonne Drechsler
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, United States.
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26
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Lee X, Yi Y, Weng S, Zeng J, Zhang H, He J, Dong C. Transcriptomic analysis of koi (Cyprinus carpio) spleen tissue upon cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV3) infection using next generation sequencing. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 49:213-24. [PMID: 26690666 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cyprinid Herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) can infect and specifically cause a huge economic loss in both common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and its ornamental koi variety. The molecular mechanisms underlying CyHV-3 infection are not well understood. In this study, koi spleen tissues of both mock and CyHV-3 infection groups were collected, and high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at the transcriptome level. A total of 105,356,188 clean reads from two libraries were obtained. After the de novo assembly of the transcripts, 129,314 unigenes were generated. Of these unigenes, 70,655 unigenes were matched to the known proteins in the database, while 2190 unigenes were predicted by ESTScan software. Comparing the infection group to the mock group, a total of 23,029 significantly differentially expressed unigenes were identified, including 10,493 up-regulated DEGs and 12,536 down-regulated DEGs. GO (Gene Ontology) annotation and functional enrichment analysis indicated that all of the DEGs were annotated into GO terms in three main GO categories: biological process, cellular component and molecular function. KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) analysis of the DEGs showed that a total of 12,002 DEG unigenes were annotated into 256 pathways classified into 6 main categories. Additionally, 20 differentially expressed genes were validated by quantitative real-time PCR. As the first report of a transcriptome analysis of koi carp with CyHV-3 infection, the data presented here provide knowledge of the innate immune response against CyHV-3 in koi carp and useful data for further research of the molecular mechanism of CyHV-3 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhu Lee
- State Key Laboratory for Bio-control / MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Food Safety, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Yang Yi
- State Key Laboratory for Bio-control / MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Food Safety, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Shaoping Weng
- State Key Laboratory for Bio-control / MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Food Safety, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Jie Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Bio-control / MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Food Safety, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Hetong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Bio-control / MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Food Safety, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Jianguo He
- State Key Laboratory for Bio-control / MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Food Safety, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
| | - Chuanfu Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Bio-control / MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Food Safety, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
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27
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Dai M, Feng M, Ye Y, Wu X, Liu D, Liao M, Cao W. Exogenous avian leukosis virus-induced activation of the ERK/AP1 pathway is required for virus replication and correlates with virus-induced tumorigenesis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19226. [PMID: 26754177 PMCID: PMC4709637 DOI: 10.1038/srep19226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A proteomics approach was used to reveal the up-regulated proteins involved in the targeted mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction pathway in DF-1 cells after ALV subgroup J (ALV-J) infection. Next, we found that ALV-J CHN06 strain infection of DF-1 cells correlated with extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2) activation, which was mainly induced within 15 min, a very early stage of infection, and at a late infection stage, from 108 h to 132 h post-infection. Infection with other ALV subgroup (A/B) strains also triggered ERK/MAPK activation. Moreover, when activating ERK2, ALV subgroups A, B and J simultaneously induced the phosphorylation of c-Jun, an AP1 family member and p38 activation but had no obvious effect on JNK activation at either 15 min or 120 h. Interestingly, only PD98059 inhibited the ALV-induced c-Jun phosphorylation while SP600125 or SB203580 had no influence on c-Jun activation. Furthermore, the viral gp85 and gag proteins were found to contribute to ERK2/AP1 activation. Additionally, the specific ERK inhibitor, PD980509, significantly suppressed ALV replication, as evidenced by extremely low levels of ALV promoter activity and ALV-J protein expression. In vivo analysis of ERK2 activation in tumor cells derived from ALV-J-infected chicken demonstrated a strong correlation between ERK/MAPK activation and virus-associated tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Feng
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Ye
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaochan Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People’s Republic of China
| | - Di Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine Innovation of the Ministry of Agriculture
- South China Collaborative innovation Center for Prevention and Control of poultry Infectious diseases and Safety of Poultry Products.
| | - Weisheng Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine Innovation of the Ministry of Agriculture
- South China Collaborative innovation Center for Prevention and Control of poultry Infectious diseases and Safety of Poultry Products.
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28
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O'Donnell LA, Henkins KM, Kulkarni A, Matullo CM, Balachandran S, Pattisapu AK, Rall GF. Interferon gamma induces protective non-canonical signaling pathways in primary neurons. J Neurochem 2015; 135:309-22. [PMID: 26190522 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The signal transduction molecule, Stat1, is critical for the expression of type I and II interferon (IFN)-responsive genes in most cells; however, we previously showed that primary hippocampal mouse neurons express low basal Stat1, with delayed and attenuated expression of IFN-responsive genes. Moreover, IFNγ-dependent resolution of a neurotropic viral challenge in permissive mice is Stat1-independent. Here, we show that exogenous IFNγ has no deleterious impact on neuronal viability, and staurosporine-induced apoptosis in neurons is significantly blunted by the addition of IFNγ, suggesting that IFNγ confers a pro-survival signal in neurons. To identify the pathways induced by IFNγ in neurons, the activation of alternative signal transducers associated with IFNγ signaling was assessed. Rapid and pronounced activation of extracellular signal regulated kinase (Erk1/2) was observed in neurons, compared to a modest response in fibroblasts. Moreover, the absence of Stat1 in primary fibroblasts led to enhanced Erk activation following IFNγ addition, implying that the cell-specific availability of signal transducers can diversify the cellular response following IFN engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A O'Donnell
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Program in Immune Cell Development and Host Defense, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Duquesne University, Mylan School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kristen M Henkins
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Program in Immune Cell Development and Host Defense, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Apurva Kulkarni
- Duquesne University, Mylan School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christine M Matullo
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Program in Immune Cell Development and Host Defense, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Siddharth Balachandran
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Program in Immune Cell Development and Host Defense, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anil K Pattisapu
- Duquesne University, Mylan School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Glenn F Rall
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Program in Immune Cell Development and Host Defense, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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29
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Wang C, Gao L, Jin Y, Cardona CJ, Xing Z. Regulation of host responses and viral replication by the mitogen-activated protein kinases in intestinal epithelial cells infected with Enterovirus 71. Virus Res 2015; 197:75-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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30
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Liu AL, Li YF, Qi W, Ma XL, Yu KX, Huang B, Liao M, Li F, Pan J, Song MX. Comparative analysis of selected innate immune-related genes following infection of immortal DF-1 cells with highly pathogenic (H5N1) and low pathogenic (H9N2) avian influenza viruses. Virus Genes 2015; 50:189-99. [PMID: 25557928 PMCID: PMC4381041 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-014-1151-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
H5N1 and H9N2 viruses are important causes of avian influenza in China. H5N1 is typically associated with severe to fatal disease in poultry, while H9N2 is usually associated with mild disease. Differences in viral virulence prompted us to investigate whether innate immune responses would be differentially regulated following infection by H5N1 and H9N2 viruses. To address this hypothesis, expression of a panel of innate immune-related genes including IFN-α, IFN-β, Mx1, OASL, ISG12, IFIT5, IRF7, USP18, SST, and KHSRP in immortal DF-1 cells following H5N1 and H9N2 infection was analyzed and compared by real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Cells infected by either virus overall exhibited a similar expression profile for four ISGs (Mx1, OASL, ISG12, and IFIT5), IFN-α, IFN-β, and SST gene. However, two immune-regulatory genes (IRF7 and KHSRP) were not responsive to highly pathogenic H5N1 infection but were strongly up-regulated in DF-1 cells infected with low pathogenic H9N2 infection. The subtype-dependent host response observed in this study offers new insights into the potential roles of IRF7 and KHSRP in control and modulation of the replication and virulence of different subtypes or strains of avian influenza A virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-ling Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, 88, East Culture Road, Jinan, 250014 Shandong China
| | - Yu-feng Li
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1, JiaoXiao Road, Jinan, 250023 Shandong China
| | - Wenbao Qi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483, Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642 Guangdong China
| | - Xiu-li Ma
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1, JiaoXiao Road, Jinan, 250023 Shandong China
| | - Ke-xiang Yu
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1, JiaoXiao Road, Jinan, 250023 Shandong China
| | - Bing Huang
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1, JiaoXiao Road, Jinan, 250023 Shandong China
| | - Ming Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, 483, Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642 Guangdong China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007 USA
| | - Jie Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, 88, East Culture Road, Jinan, 250014 Shandong China
| | - Min-xun Song
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1, JiaoXiao Road, Jinan, 250023 Shandong China
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Voss K, Amaya M, Mueller C, Roberts B, Kehn-Hall K, Bailey C, Petricoin E, Narayanan A. Inhibition of host extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation decreases new world alphavirus multiplication in infected cells. Virology 2014; 468-470:490-503. [PMID: 25261871 PMCID: PMC7127730 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
New World alphaviruses belonging to the family Togaviridae are classified as emerging infectious agents and Category B select agents. Our study is focused on the role of the host extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in the infectious process of New World alphaviruses. Infection of human cells by Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) results in the activation of the ERK-signaling cascade. Inhibition of ERK1/2 by the small molecule inhibitor Ag-126 results in inhibition of viral multiplication. Ag-126-mediated inhibition of VEEV was due to potential effects on early and late stages of the infectious process. While expression of viral proteins was down-regulated in Ag-126 treated cells, we did not observe any influence of Ag-126 on the nuclear distribution of capsid. Finally, Ag-126 exerted a broad-spectrum inhibitory effect on New World alphavirus multiplication, thus indicating that the host kinase, ERK, is a broad-spectrum candidate for development of novel therapeutics against New World alphaviruses. VEEV infection activated multiple components of the ERK signaling cascade. Inhibition of ERK activation using Ag-126 inhibited VEEV multiplication. Activation of ERK by Ceramide C6 increased infectious titers of TC-83. Ag-126 inhibited virulent strains of all New World alphaviruses. Ag-126 treatment increased percent survival of infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Voss
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, 10650 Pyramid Place, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Moushimi Amaya
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, 10650 Pyramid Place, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Claudius Mueller
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Personalized Medicine, George Mason University, 10900 University Boulevard, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Brian Roberts
- Leidos Health Life Sciences, 5202 Presidents Court, Suite 110, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Kylene Kehn-Hall
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, 10650 Pyramid Place, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Charles Bailey
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, 10650 Pyramid Place, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Emanuel Petricoin
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Personalized Medicine, George Mason University, 10900 University Boulevard, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Aarthi Narayanan
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, 10650 Pyramid Place, Manassas, VA, USA.
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Parthasarathy G, Philipp MT. The MEK/ERK pathway is the primary conduit for Borrelia burgdorferi-induced inflammation and P53-mediated apoptosis in oligodendrocytes. Apoptosis 2014; 19:76-89. [PMID: 24114360 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-013-0913-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) affects both the central and peripheral nervous systems. In a rhesus macaque model of LNB we had previously shown that brains of rhesus macaques inoculated with Borrelia burgdorferi release inflammatory mediators, and undergo oligodendrocyte and neuronal cell death. In vitro analysis of this phenomenon indicated that while B. burgdorferi can induce inflammation and apoptosis of oligodendrocytes per se, microglia are required for neuronal apoptosis. We hypothesized that the inflammatory milieu elicited by the bacterium in microglia or oligodendrocytes contributes to the apoptosis of neurons and glial cells, respectively, and that downstream signaling events in NFkB and/or MAPK pathways play a role in these phenotypes. To test these hypotheses in oligodendrocytes, several pathway inhibitors were used to determine their effect on inflammation and apoptosis, as induced by B. burgdorferi. In a human oligodendrocyte cell line (MO3.13), inhibition of the ERK pathway in the presence of B. burgdorferi markedly reduced inflammation, followed by the JNK, p38 and NFkB pathway inhibition. In addition to eliciting inflammation, B. burgdorferi also increased total p53 protein levels, and suppression of the ERK pathway mitigated this effect. While inhibition of p53 had a minimal effect in reducing inflammation, suppression of the ERK pathway or p53 reduced apoptosis as measured by active caspase-3 activity and the TUNEL assay. A similar result was seen in primary human oligodendrocytes wherein suppression of ERK or p53 reduced apoptosis. It is possible that inflammation and apoptosis in oligodendrocytes are divergent arms of MAPK pathways, particularly the MEK/ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetha Parthasarathy
- Division of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, 18703, Three Rivers Road, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
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Cao S, Han X, Ding C, Wang S, Tian M, Wang X, Hou W, Yue J, Wang G, Yu S. Molecular cloning of the duck mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) gene and the development of a quantitative real-time PCR assay to detect its expression. Poult Sci 2014; 93:2158-67. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2013-03796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Cannon G, Callahan MA, Gronemus JQ, Lowy RJ. Early activation of MAP kinases by influenza A virus X-31 in murine macrophage cell lines. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105385. [PMID: 25166426 PMCID: PMC4148262 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Early molecular responses to Influenza A (FLUA) virus strain A/X-31 H3N2 in macrophages were explored using J774.A1 and RAW 264.7 murine cell lines. NF-kappa B (NFκB) was reported to be central to FLUA host-response in other cell types. Our data showed that FLUA activation of the classical NFκB dependent pathway in these macrophages was minimal. Regulator proteins, IkappaB-alpha and -beta (IκBα, IκBβ), showed limited degradation peaking at 2 h post FLUA exposure and p65 was not observed to translocate from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Additionally, the non-canonical NFκB pathway was not activated in response to FLUA. The cells did display early increases in TNFα and other inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production. Mitogen activated phosphokinase (MAPK) signaling pathways are also reported to control production of inflammatory cytokines in response to FLUA. The activation of the MAPKs, cJun kinases 1 and 2 (JNK 1/2), extracellular regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK 1/2), and p38 were investigated in both cell lines between 0.25 and 3 h post-infection. Each of these kinases showed increased phosphorylation post FLUA exposure. JNK phosphorylation occurred early while p38 phosphorylation appeared later. Phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 occurred earlier in J774.A1 cells compared to RAW 264.7 cells. Inhibition of MAPK activation resulted in decreased production of most FLUA responsive cytokines and chemokines in these cells. The results suggest that in these monocytic cells the MAPK pathways are important in the early response to FLUA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgetta Cannon
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Michelle A. Callahan
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jenny Q. Gronemus
- Central Accessing Unit, American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, Virginia, United States of America
| | - R. Joel Lowy
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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Barjesteh N, Behboudi S, Brisbin JT, Villanueva AI, Nagy É, Sharif S. TLR ligands induce antiviral responses in chicken macrophages. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105713. [PMID: 25165812 PMCID: PMC4148336 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicken macrophages express several receptors for recognition of pathogens, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs). TLRs bind to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) derived from bacterial or viral pathogens leading to the activation of macrophages. Macrophages play a critical role in immunity against viruses, including influenza viruses. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that treatment of chicken macrophages with TLR ligands reduces avian influenza replication. Furthermore, we sought to study the expression of some of the key mediators involved in the TLR-mediated antiviral responses of macrophages. Chicken macrophages were treated with the TLR2, 3, 4, 7 and 21 ligands, Pam3CSK4, poly(I:C), LPS, R848 and CpG ODN, respectively, at different doses and time points pre- and post-H4N6 avian influenza virus (AIV) infection. The results revealed that pre-treatment of macrophages with Pam3CSK4, LPS and CpG ODN reduced the replication of AIV in chicken macrophages. In addition, the relative expression of genes involved in inflammatory and antiviral responses were quantified at 3, 8 and 18 hours post-treatment with the TLR2, 4 and 21 ligands. Pam3CSK4, LPS and CpG ODN increased the expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, interferon (IFN)-γ, IFN-β and interferon regulatory factor (IFR) 7. The expression of these genes correlated with the reduction of viral replication in macrophages. These results shed light on the process of immunity to AIV in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Barjesteh
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shahriar Behboudi
- The Pirbright Institute, Compton Laboratory, Newbury, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Éva Nagy
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shayan Sharif
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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de Geus ED, Vervelde L. Regulation of macrophage and dendritic cell function by pathogens and through immunomodulation in the avian mucosa. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 41:341-351. [PMID: 23542704 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2013.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages (MPh) and dendritic cells (DC) are members of the mononuclear phagocyte system. In chickens, markers to distinguish MPh from DC are lacking, but whether MPh and DC can be distinguished in humans and mice is under debate, despite the availability of numerous markers. Mucosal MPh and DC are strategically located to ingest foreign antigens, suggesting they can rapidly respond to invading pathogens. This review addresses our current understanding of DC and MPh function, the receptors expressed by MPh and DC involved in pathogen recognition, and the responses of DC and MPh against respiratory and intestinal pathogens in the chicken. Furthermore, potential opportunities are described to modulate MPh and DC responses to enhance disease resistance, highlighting modulation through nutraceuticals and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline D de Geus
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
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Matsuoka Y, Matsumae H, Katoh M, Eisfeld AJ, Neumann G, Hase T, Ghosh S, Shoemaker JE, Lopes TJS, Watanabe T, Watanabe S, Fukuyama S, Kitano H, Kawaoka Y. A comprehensive map of the influenza A virus replication cycle. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2013; 7:97. [PMID: 24088197 PMCID: PMC3819658 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-7-97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Influenza is a common infectious disease caused by influenza viruses. Annual epidemics cause severe illnesses, deaths, and economic loss around the world. To better defend against influenza viral infection, it is essential to understand its mechanisms and associated host responses. Many studies have been conducted to elucidate these mechanisms, however, the overall picture remains incompletely understood. A systematic understanding of influenza viral infection in host cells is needed to facilitate the identification of influential host response mechanisms and potential drug targets. Description We constructed a comprehensive map of the influenza A virus (‘IAV’) life cycle (‘FluMap’) by undertaking a literature-based, manual curation approach. Based on information obtained from publicly available pathway databases, updated with literature-based information and input from expert virologists and immunologists, FluMap is currently composed of 960 factors (i.e., proteins, mRNAs etc.) and 456 reactions, and is annotated with ~500 papers and curation comments. In addition to detailing the type of molecular interactions, isolate/strain specific data are also available. The FluMap was built with the pathway editor CellDesigner in standard SBML (Systems Biology Markup Language) format and visualized as an SBGN (Systems Biology Graphical Notation) diagram. It is also available as a web service (online map) based on the iPathways+ system to enable community discussion by influenza researchers. We also demonstrate computational network analyses to identify targets using the FluMap. Conclusion The FluMap is a comprehensive pathway map that can serve as a graphically presented knowledge-base and as a platform to analyze functional interactions between IAV and host factors. Publicly available webtools will allow continuous updating to ensure the most reliable representation of the host-virus interaction network. The FluMap is available at http://www.influenza-x.org/flumap/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Matsuoka
- JST ERATO Kawaoka infection-induced host responses project, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
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Differential gene expressions of the MAPK signaling pathway in enterovirus 71-infected rhabdomyosarcoma cells. Braz J Infect Dis 2013; 17:410-7. [PMID: 23797008 PMCID: PMC9428059 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2012.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway plays an important role in response to viral infection. The aim of this study was to explore the function and mechanism of MAPK signaling pathway in enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection of human rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells. Methods Apoptosis of RD cells was observed using annexin V-FITC/PI binding assay under a fluorescence microscope. Cellular RNA was extracted and transcribed to cDNA. The expressions of 56 genes of MAPK signaling pathway in EV71-infected RD cells at 8 h and 20 h after infection were analyzed by PCR array. The levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, and TNF-α in the supernatant of RD cells infected with EV71 at different time points were measured by ELISA. Results The viability of RD cells decreased obviously within 48 h after EV71 infection. Compared with the control group, EV71 infection resulted in the significantly enhanced releases of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and TNF-α from infected RD cells (p < 0.05). At 8 h after infection, the expressions of c-Jun, c-Fos, IFN-β, MEKK1, MLK3 and NIK genes in EV71-infected RD cells were up-regulated by 2.08–6.12-fold, whereas other 19 genes (e.g. AKT1, AKT2, E2F1, IKK and NF-κB1) exhibited down-regulation. However, at 20 h after infection, those MAPK signaling molecules including MEKK1, ASK1, MLK2, MLK3, NIK, MEK1, MEK2, MEK4, MEK7, ERK1, JNK1 and JNK2 were up-regulated. In addition, the expressions of AKT2, ELK1, c-Jun, c-Fos, NF-κB p65, PI3K and STAT1 were also increased. Conclusion EV71 infection induces the differential gene expressions of MAPK signaling pathway such as ERK, JNK and PI3K/AKT in RD cells, which may be associated with the secretions of inflammatory cytokines and host cell apoptosis.
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Song H, Wang Q, Guo Y, Liu S, Song R, Gao X, Dai L, Li B, Zhang D, Cheng J. Microarray analysis of microRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of critically ill patients with influenza A (H1N1). BMC Infect Dis 2013; 13:257. [PMID: 23731466 PMCID: PMC3679792 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With concerns about the disastrous health and economic consequences caused by the influenza pandemic, comprehensively understanding the global host response to influenza virus infection is urgent. The role of microRNA (miRNA) has recently been highlighted in pathogen-host interactions. However, the precise role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of influenza virus infection in humans, especially in critically ill patients is still unclear. METHODS We identified cellular miRNAs involved in the host response to influenza virus infection by performing comprehensive miRNA profiling in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from critically ill patients with swine-origin influenza pandemic H1N1 (2009) virus infection via miRNA microarray and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assays. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was conducted and area under the ROC curve (AUC) was calculated to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of severe H1N1 influenza virus infection. Furthermore, an integrative network of miRNA-mediated host-influenza virus protein interactions was constructed by integrating the predicted and validated miRNA-gene interaction data with influenza virus and host-protein-protein interaction information using Cytoscape software. Moreover, several hub genes in the network were selected and validated by qRT-PCR. RESULTS Forty-one significantly differentially expressed miRNAs were found by miRNA microarray; nine were selected and validated by qRT-PCR. QRT-PCR assay and ROC curve analyses revealed that miR-31, miR-29a and miR-148a all had significant potential diagnostic value for critically ill patients infected with H1N1 influenza virus, which yielded AUC of 0.9510, 0.8951 and 0.8811, respectively. We subsequently constructed an integrative network of miRNA-mediated host-influenza virus protein interactions, wherein we found that miRNAs are involved in regulating important pathways, such as mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, during influenza virus infection. Some of differentially expressed miRNAs via in silico analysis targeted mRNAs of several key genes in these pathways. The mRNA expression level of tumor protein T53 and transforming growth factor beta receptor 1 were found significantly reduced in critically ill patients, whereas the expression of Janus kinase 2, caspase 3 apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase, interleukin 10, and myxovirus resistance 1 were extremely increased in critically ill patients. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the dysregulation of miRNAs in the PBMCs of H1N1 critically ill patients can regulate a number of key genes in the major signaling pathways associated with influenza virus infection. These differentially expressed miRNAs could be potential therapeutic targets or biomarkers for severe influenza virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Song
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of National Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Immunology, and Research Laboratory of Virology, Immunology & Bioinformatics, Division of Veterinary Microbiology & Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Xi’an City, Shaanxi Province, 712100, China
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Yang Guo
- Investigation Group of Molecular Virology, Immunology, Oncology & Systems Biology, Center for Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Xi’an City, Shaanxi Province, 712100, China
| | - Shunai Liu
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Rui Song
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Xuesong Gao
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Li Dai
- Investigation Group of Molecular Virology, Immunology, Oncology & Systems Biology, Center for Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Xi’an City, Shaanxi Province, 712100, China
| | - Baoshun Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Deli Zhang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of National Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Immunology, and Research Laboratory of Virology, Immunology & Bioinformatics, Division of Veterinary Microbiology & Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Xi’an City, Shaanxi Province, 712100, China
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100015, China
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Sandford EE, Orr M, Li X, Zhou H, Johnson TJ, Kariyawasam S, Liu P, Nolan LK, Lamont SJ. Strong Concordance Between Transcriptomic Patterns of Spleen and Peripheral Blood Leukocytes in Response to Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli Infection. Avian Dis 2012; 56:732-6. [DOI: 10.1637/10261-060512-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Teixeira ARL, Nitz N, Bernal FM, Hecht MM. Parasite induced genetically driven autoimmune Chagas heart disease in the chicken model. J Vis Exp 2012:3716. [PMID: 22951533 PMCID: PMC3476407 DOI: 10.3791/3716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Trypanosoma cruzi acute infections acquired in infancy and childhood seem asymptomatic, but approximately one third of the chronically infected cases show Chagas disease up to three decades or later. Autoimmunity and parasite persistence are competing theories to explain the pathogenesis of Chagas disease. To separate roles played by parasite persistence and autoimmunity in Chagas disease we inoculate the T. cruzi in the air chamber of fertilized eggs. The mature chicken immune system is a tight biological barrier against T. cruzi and the infection is eradicated upon development of its immune system by the end of the first week of growth. The chicks are parasite-free at hatching, but they retain integrated parasite mitochondrial kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) minicircle within their genome that are transferred to their progeny. Documentation of the kDNA minicircle integration in the chicken genome was obtained by a targeted prime TAIL-PCR, Southern hybridizations, cloning, and sequencing. The kDNA minicircle integrations rupture open reading frames for transcription and immune system factors, phosphatase (GTPase), adenylate cyclase and phosphorylases (PKC, NF-Kappa B activator, PI-3K) associated with cell physiology, growth, and differentiation, and other gene functions. Severe myocarditis due to rejection of target heart fibers by effectors cytotoxic lymphocytes is seen in the kDNA mutated chickens, showing an inflammatory cardiomyopathy similar to that seen in human Chagas disease. Notably, heart failure and skeletal muscle weakness are present in adult chickens with kDNA rupture of the dystrophin gene in chromosome 1. Similar genotipic alterations are associated with tissue destruction carried out by effectors CD45+, CD8γδ+, CD8α lymphocytes. Thus this protozoan infection can induce genetically driven autoimmune disease.
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Gao W, Sun W, Qu B, Cardona CJ, Powell K, Wegner M, Shi Y, Xing Z. Distinct regulation of host responses by ERK and JNK MAP kinases in swine macrophages infected with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza virus. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30328. [PMID: 22279582 PMCID: PMC3261190 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Swine influenza is an acute respiratory disease in pigs caused by swine influenza virus (SIV). Highly virulent SIV strains cause mortality of up to 10%. Importantly, pigs have long been considered "mixing vessels" that generate novel influenza viruses with pandemic potential, a constant threat to public health. Since its emergence in 2009 and subsequent pandemic spread, the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 (H1N1pdm) has been detected in pig farms, creating the risk of generating new reassortants and their possible infection of humans. Pathogenesis in SIV or H1N1pdm-infected pigs remains poorly characterized. Proinflammatory and antiviral cytokine responses are considered correlated with the intensity of clinical signs, and swine macrophages are found to be indispensible in effective clearance of SIV from pig lungs. In this study, we report a unique pattern of cytokine responses in swine macrophages infected with H1N1pdm. The roles of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases in the regulation of the host responses were examined. We found that proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α were significantly induced and their induction was ERK1/2-dependent. IFN-β and IFN-inducible antiviral Mx and 2'5'-OAS were sharply induced, but the inductions were effectively abolished when ERK1/2 was inhibited. Induction of CCL5 (RANTES) was completely inhibited by inhibitors of ERK1/2 and JNK1/2, which appeared also to regulate FasL and TNF-α, critical for apoptosis in pig macrophages. We found that NFκB was activated in H1N1pdm-infected cells, but the activation was suppressed when ERK1/2 was inhibited, indicating there is cross-talk between MAP kinase and NFκB responses in pig macrophages. Our data suggest that MAP kinase may activate NFκB through the induction of RIG-1, which leads to the induction of IFN-β in swine macrophages. Understanding host responses and their underlying mechanisms may help identify venues for effective control of SIV and assist in prevention of future influenza pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Clinical School of Medicine of Nanjing University, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenkui Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Military Medical University, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Nanjing, China
| | - Bingqian Qu
- Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Carol J. Cardona
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Kira Powell
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Marta Wegner
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Yi Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Clinical School of Medicine of Nanjing University, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Xing
- Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
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The vaccinia virus O1 protein is required for sustained activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and promotes viral virulence. J Virol 2011; 86:2323-36. [PMID: 22171261 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.06166-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustained activation of the Raf/MEK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway in infected cells has been shown to be crucial for full replication efficiency of orthopoxviruses in cell culture. In infected cells, this pathway is mainly activated by the vaccinia virus growth factor (VGF), an epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like protein. We show here that chorioallantois vaccinia virus Ankara (CVA), but not modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA), induced sustained activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in infected human 293 cells, although both viruses direct secretion of functional VGF. A CVA mutant lacking the O1L gene (CVA-ΔO1L) demonstrated that the O1 protein was required for sustained upregulation of the ERK1/2 pathway in 293 cells as well as in other mammalian cell lines. The highly conserved orthopoxvirus O1L gene encodes a predicted 78-kDa protein with a hitherto-unknown function. CVA-ΔO1L showed reduced plaque size and an attenuated cytopathic effect (CPE) in infected cell cultures and reduced virulence and spread from lungs to ovaries in intranasally infected BALB/c mice. Reinsertion of an intact O1L gene into MVA, which in its original form harbors a fragmented O1L open reading frame (ORF), restored ERK1/2 activation in 293 cells but did not increase replication and spread of MVA in human or other mammalian cell lines. Thus, the O1 protein was crucial for sustained ERK1/2 activation in CVA- and MVA-infected human cells, complementing the autocrine function of VGF, and enhanced virulence in vivo.
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Huang Y, Huang X, Yan Y, Cai J, Ouyang Z, Cui H, Wang P, Qin Q. Transcriptome analysis of orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) spleen in response to Singapore grouper iridovirus. BMC Genomics 2011; 12:556. [PMID: 22078027 PMCID: PMC3226587 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-12-556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 11/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) is an economically important marine fish cultured in China and Southeast Asian countries. The emergence of infectious viral diseases, including iridovirus and betanodavirus, have severely affected food products based on this species, causing heavy economic losses. Limited available information on the genomics of E. coioides has hampered the understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie host-virus interactions. In this study, we used a 454 pyrosequencing method to investigate differentially-expressed genes in the spleen of the E. coioides infected with Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV). Results Using 454 pyrosequencing, we obtained abundant high-quality ESTs from two spleen-complementary DNA libraries which were constructed from SGIV-infected (V) and PBS-injected fish (used as a control: C). A total of 407,027 and 421,141 ESTs were produced in control and SGIV infected libraries, respectively. Among the assembled ESTs, 9,616 (C) and 10,426 (V) ESTs were successfully matched against known genes in the NCBI non-redundant (nr) database with a cut-off E-value above 10-5. Gene ontology (GO) analysis indicated that "cell part", "cellular process" and "binding" represented the largest category. Among the 25 clusters of orthologous group (COG) categories, the cluster for "translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis" represented the largest group in the control (185 ESTs) and infected (172 ESTs) libraries. Further KEGG analysis revealed that pathways, including cellular metabolism and intracellular immune signaling, existed in the control and infected libraries. Comparative expression analysis indicated that certain genes associated with mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), chemokine, toll-like receptor and RIG-I signaling pathway were alternated in response to SGIV infection. Moreover, changes in the pattern of gene expression were validated by qRT-PCR, including cytokines, cytokine receptors, and transcription factors, apoptosis-associated genes, and interferon related genes. Conclusion This study provided abundant ESTs that could contribute greatly to disclosing novel genes in marine fish. Furthermore, the alterations of predicted gene expression patterns reflected possible responses of these fish to the virus infection. Taken together, our data not only provided new information for identification of novel genes from marine vertebrates, but also shed new light on the understanding of defense mechanisms of marine fish to viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhua Huang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, PR China
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Huang X, Huang Y, Ouyang Z, Xu L, Yan Y, Cui H, Han X, Qin Q. Singapore grouper iridovirus, a large DNA virus, induces nonapoptotic cell death by a cell type dependent fashion and evokes ERK signaling. Apoptosis 2011; 16:831-45. [PMID: 21656148 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-011-0616-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Virus induced cell death, including apoptosis and nonapoptotic cell death, plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of viral diseases. Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV), a novel iridovirus of genus Ranavirus, causes high mortality and heavy economic losses in grouper aquaculture. Here, using fluorescence microscopy, electron microscopy and biochemical assays, we found that SGIV infection in host (grouper spleen, EAGS) cells evoked nonapoptotic programmed cell death (PCD), characterized by appearance of cytoplasmic vacuoles and distended endoplasmic reticulum, in the absence of DNA fragmentation, apoptotic bodies and caspase activation. In contrast, SGIV induced typical apoptosis in non-host (fathead minnow, FHM) cells, as evidenced by caspase activation and DNA fragmentation, suggesting that SGIV infection induced nonapoptotic cell death by a cell type dependent fashion. Furthermore, viral replication was essential for SGIV induced nonapoptotic cell death, but not for apoptosis. Notably, the disruption of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) and externalization of phosphatidylserine (PS) were not detected in EAGS cells but in FHM cells after SGIV infection. Moreover, the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling was involved in SGIV infection induced nonapoptotic cell death and viral replication. This is a first demonstration of ERK-mediated nonapoptotic cell death induced by a DNA virus. These findings contribute to understanding the mechanisms of iridovirus pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-Resources Sustainable Utilization, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
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Length variations in the NA stalk of an H7N1 influenza virus have opposite effects on viral excretion in chickens and ducks. J Virol 2011; 86:584-8. [PMID: 22013034 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.05474-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A deletion of ∼20 amino acids in the stalk of neuraminidase is frequently observed upon transmission of influenza A viruses from waterfowl to domestic poultry. A pair of recombinant H7N1 viruses bearing either a short- or long-stalk neuraminidase was genetically engineered. Inoculation of the long-stalk-neuraminidase virus resulted in a higher cloacal excretion in ducks and led conversely to lower-level oropharyngeal excretion in chickens, associated with a higher-level local immune response and better survival. Therefore, a short-stalk neuraminidase is a determinant of viral adaptation and virulence in chickens but is detrimental to virus replication and shedding in ducks.
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Teixeira ARL, Hecht MM, Guimaro MC, Sousa AO, Nitz N. Pathogenesis of chagas' disease: parasite persistence and autoimmunity. Clin Microbiol Rev 2011; 24:592-630. [PMID: 21734249 PMCID: PMC3131057 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00063-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute Trypanosoma cruzi infections can be asymptomatic, but chronically infected individuals can die of Chagas' disease. The transfer of the parasite mitochondrial kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) minicircle to the genome of chagasic patients can explain the pathogenesis of the disease; in cases of Chagas' disease with evident cardiomyopathy, the kDNA minicircles integrate mainly into retrotransposons at several chromosomes, but the minicircles are also detected in coding regions of genes that regulate cell growth, differentiation, and immune responses. An accurate evaluation of the role played by the genotype alterations in the autoimmune rejection of self-tissues in Chagas' disease is achieved with the cross-kingdom chicken model system, which is refractory to T. cruzi infections. The inoculation of T. cruzi into embryonated eggs prior to incubation generates parasite-free chicks, which retain the kDNA minicircle sequence mainly in the macrochromosome coding genes. Crossbreeding transfers the kDNA mutations to the chicken progeny. The kDNA-mutated chickens develop severe cardiomyopathy in adult life and die of heart failure. The phenotyping of the lesions revealed that cytotoxic CD45, CD8(+) γδ, and CD8α(+) T lymphocytes carry out the rejection of the chicken heart. These results suggest that the inflammatory cardiomyopathy of Chagas' disease is a genetically driven autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio R L Teixeira
- Chagas Disease Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, University of Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil.
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Gaur P, Munjal A, Lal SK. Influenza virus and cell signaling pathways. Med Sci Monit 2011; 17:RA148-54. [PMID: 21629204 PMCID: PMC3539548 DOI: 10.12659/msm.881801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses comprise a major class of human respiratory pathogens, responsible for causing morbidity and mortality worldwide. Influenza A virus, due to its segmented RNA genome, is highly subject to mutation, resulting in rapid formation of variants. During influenza infection, viral proteins interact with host proteins and exploit a variety of cellular pathways for their own benefit. Influenza virus inhibits the synthesis of these cellular proteins and facilitates expression of its own proteins for viral transcription and replication. Infected cell pathways are hijacked by an array of intracellular signaling cascades such as NF-κB signaling, PI3K/Akt pathway, MAPK pathway, PKC/PKR signaling and TLR/RIG-I signaling cascades. This review presents a research update on the subject and discusses the impact of influenza viral infection on these cell signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Gaur
- Virology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashok Munjal
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Banasthali, Tonk, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sunil K. Lal
- Virology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi, India
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Khan MI, Islam N, Sahasrabuddhe AA, Mahdi AA, Siddiqui H, Ashquin M, Ahmad I. Ubiquitous hazardous metal lead induces TNF-α in human phagocytic THP-1 cells: primary role of ERK 1/2. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 189:255-264. [PMID: 21377791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Revised: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Induction of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in response to lead (Pb) exposure has been implicated in its immunotoxicity. However, the molecular mechanism by which Pb upregulates the level of TNF-α is wagely known. An attempt was therefore made to elucidate the mechanistic aspect of TNF-α induction, mainly focusing transcriptional and post transcriptional regulation via mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) activation. We observed that exposure of Pb to human monocytic THP-1 cells resulted in significant enhanced production of TNF-α m-RNA and protein secretion. Moreover, the stability of TNF-α m-RNA was also increased as indicated by its half life. Notably, activation of ERK 1/2, p38 and JNK in Pb exposed THP-1 was also evident. Specific inhibitor of ERK1/2, PD 98059 caused significant inhibition in production and stability of TNF-α m-RNA. However, SB 203580 partially inhibited production and stability of TNF-α m-RNA. Interestingly, a combined exposure of these two inhibitors completely blocked modulation of TNF-α m-RNA. Data tends to suggest that expression and stability of TNF-α induction due to Pb exposure is mainly regulated through ERK. Briefly, these observations are useful in understanding some mechanistic aspects of proinflammatory and immunotoxicity of Pb, a globally acknowledged key environmental contaminant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Imran Khan
- Fiber Toxicology Division, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, PO Box 80, Lucknow 226001, UP, India
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Teixeira ARL, Gomes C, Nitz N, Sousa AO, Alves RM, Guimaro MC, Cordeiro C, Bernal FM, Rosa AC, Hejnar J, Leonardecz E, Hecht MM. Trypanosoma cruzi in the chicken model: Chagas-like heart disease in the absence of parasitism. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2011; 5:e1000. [PMID: 21468314 PMCID: PMC3066158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2010] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The administration of anti-trypanosome nitroderivatives curtails Trypanosoma cruzi infection in Chagas disease patients, but does not prevent destructive lesions in the heart. This observation suggests that an effective treatment for the disease requires understanding its pathogenesis. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To understand the origin of clinical manifestations of the heart disease we used a chicken model system in which infection can be initiated in the egg, but parasite persistence is precluded. T. cruzi inoculation into the air chamber of embryonated chicken eggs generated chicks that retained only the parasite mitochondrial kinetoplast DNA minicircle in their genome after eight days of gestation. Crossbreeding showed that minicircles were transferred vertically via the germ line to chicken progeny. Minicircle integration in coding regions was shown by targeted-primer thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR, and detected by direct genomic analysis. The kDNA-mutated chickens died with arrhythmias, shortness of breath, cyanosis and heart failure. These chickens with cardiomyopathy had rupture of the dystrophin and other genes that regulate cell growth and differentiation. Tissue pathology revealed inflammatory dilated cardiomegaly whereby immune system mononuclear cells lyse parasite-free target heart fibers. The heart cell destruction implicated a thymus-dependent, autoimmune; self-tissue rejection carried out by CD45(+), CD8γδ(+), and CD8α lymphocytes. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest that genetic alterations resulting from kDNA integration in the host genome lead to autoimmune-mediated destruction of heart tissue in the absence of T. cruzi parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio R L Teixeira
- Chagas Disease Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil.
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