1
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Javadi M, Jalilian S, Kanani M, Kia V, Talaiezadeh A, Angali KA, Ahmadi MKB, Makvandi M. Time to take HPV infection in colorectal cancer patients more seriously. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1418359. [PMID: 39050539 PMCID: PMC11266041 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1418359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The association between viral infections and colorectal cancer (CRC) remains an enigma in cancer research. Certain types of Human Papillomaviruses (hr-HPVs), known for their oncogenic properties, have been observed in particular CRC biopsies, further adding to the enigma surrounding this association. Materials and methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 40 confirmed cases of CRC adenocarcinoma. The presence and genotyping of HPV DNA in colorectal fresh tissue and urine samples was assessed using an HPV DNA hybridization kit. A subset of serum samples from both CRC cases and healthy volunteers was randomly chosen and subjected to western blot to investigate the presence of HPV16 E6/E7 oncoproteins carried by exosomes. Results It was observed that 26/40 HPV-positive CRC patients demonstrated 7 times more chance to develop colorectal cancer when compared to those 8/40 normal tissue (odds ratio [OR] = 7.4; confidence interval [CI] 95% = 0.483156-0.793718; p < 0.001). Of 26 HPV-positive CRC patients, 14 urine samples were also showed HPV DNA positivity (p = 0.013). High-risk HPV16 was the most prevalent genotype detected in both 24/40 tumor and 12/40 urine samples (p < 0.001). The tumor sample of a male was HPV45, while another male's urine sample was HPV31. A female CRC patient had HPV83 in tumor and HPV56 in urine. Here, was the first detection of HPV83 in a CRC patient. Notably among 20 randomly selected serum exosome samples, one serum sample concurrently tested positive for both HPV16 E6 and E7 oncoproteins, and one sample tested positive for HPV16 E7 oncoprotein. Conclusion High risk HPV DNA detection in CRC urine samples supports non-invasive screening tools. Detection of HPV16 E6 and E7 oncoproteins in exosomes from serum samples shows potential for non-invasive diagnostics. HPV's potential role in CRC development is also underscored. HPV vaccination should be implemented in low- and middle-income countries to prevent cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Javadi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Virology Department, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Shahram Jalilian
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Virology Department, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Malek Kanani
- Department of Pathology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Vahid Kia
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Kambiz Ahmadi Angali
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Karimi Baba Ahmadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Manoochehr Makvandi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Virology Department, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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2
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Itarte M, Calvo M, Martínez-Frago L, Mejías-Molina C, Martínez-Puchol S, Girones R, Medema G, Bofill-Mas S, Rusiñol M. Assessing environmental exposure to viruses in wastewater treatment plant and swine farm scenarios with next-generation sequencing and occupational risk approaches. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2024; 259:114360. [PMID: 38555823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Occupational exposure to pathogens can pose health risks. This study investigates the viral exposure of workers in a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and a swine farm by analyzing aerosol and surfaces samples. Viral contamination was evaluated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays, and target enrichment sequencing (TES) was performed to identify the vertebrate viruses to which workers might be exposed. Additionally, Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA) was conducted to estimate the occupational risk associated with viral exposure for WWTP workers, choosing Human Adenovirus (HAdV) as the reference pathogen. In the swine farm, QMRA was performed as an extrapolation, considering a hypothetical zoonotic virus with characteristics similar to Porcine Adenovirus (PAdV). The modelled exposure routes included aerosol inhalation and oral ingestion through contaminated surfaces and hand-to-mouth contact. HAdV and PAdV were widespread viruses in the WWTP and the swine farm, respectively, by qPCR assays. TES identified human and other vertebrate viruses WWTP samples, including viruses from families such as Adenoviridae, Circoviridae, Orthoherpesviridae, Papillomaviridae, and Parvoviridae. In the swine farm, most of the identified vertebrate viruses were porcine viruses belonging to Adenoviridae, Astroviridae, Circoviridae, Herpesviridae, Papillomaviridae, Parvoviridae, Picornaviridae, and Retroviridae. QMRA analysis revealed noteworthy risks of viral infections for WWTP workers if safety measures are not taken. The probability of illness due to HAdV inhalation was higher in summer compared to winter, while the greatest risk from oral ingestion was observed in workspaces during winter. Swine farm QMRA simulation suggested a potential occupational risk in the case of exposure to a hypothetical zoonotic virus. This study provides valuable insights into WWTP and swine farm worker's occupational exposure to human and other vertebrate viruses. QMRA and NGS analyses conducted in this study will assist managers in making evidence-based decisions, facilitating the implementation of protection measures, and risk mitigation practices for workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Itarte
- Laboratory of Viruses Contaminants of Water and Food, Secció de Microbiologia, Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca de l'Aigua (IdRA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Miquel Calvo
- Secció d'Estadística, Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lola Martínez-Frago
- Laboratory of Viruses Contaminants of Water and Food, Secció de Microbiologia, Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Mejías-Molina
- Laboratory of Viruses Contaminants of Water and Food, Secció de Microbiologia, Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca de l'Aigua (IdRA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Martínez-Puchol
- Laboratory of Viruses Contaminants of Water and Food, Secció de Microbiologia, Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosina Girones
- Laboratory of Viruses Contaminants of Water and Food, Secció de Microbiologia, Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca de l'Aigua (IdRA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Sílvia Bofill-Mas
- Laboratory of Viruses Contaminants of Water and Food, Secció de Microbiologia, Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca de l'Aigua (IdRA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Rusiñol
- Laboratory of Viruses Contaminants of Water and Food, Secció de Microbiologia, Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca de l'Aigua (IdRA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Dong YH, Luo YH, Liu CJ, Huang WY, Feng L, Zou XY, Zhou JY, Li XR. Changes in microbial composition and interaction patterns of female urogenital tract and rectum in response to HPV infection. J Transl Med 2024; 22:125. [PMID: 38303030 PMCID: PMC10832222 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-04916-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that changes in the microbial community of the female urogenital tract are associated with Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. However, research on this association was mostly focused on a single site, and there are currently few joint studies on HPV infection and multiple sites in the female urogenital tract. METHODS We selected 102 healthy women from Yunnan Province as the research object, collected cervical exfoliation fluid, vaginal, urethral, and rectal swabs for microbial community analysis, and measured bacterial load, and related cytokine content. The link between HPV, microbiota, and inflammation was comprehensively evaluated using bioinformatics methods. FINDINGS The impact of HPV infection on the microbial composition of different parts varies. We have identified several signature bacterial genera that respond to HPV infection in several detection sites, such as Corynebacterium, Lactobacillus, Campylobacter, and Cutibacterium have been detected in multiple sites, reflecting their potential significance in cross body sites HPV infection responses. There was a solid microbial interaction network between the cervix, vagina, and urethra. The interrelationships between inflammatory factors and different bacterial genera might also affect the immune system's response to HPV infection. INTERPRETATION It might be an effective strategy to prevent and treat HPV infection by simultaneously understanding the correlation between the microbial changes in multiple parts of the female urogenital tract and rectum and HPV infection, and controlling the microbial network related to HPV infection in different parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hong Dong
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yu-Hua Luo
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Chen-Jian Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Wen-Yu Huang
- Changchun Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Guangdong Hybribio Biotech Co., Ltd., Chaozhou, 521000, Guangdong, China
| | - Xing-Yuan Zou
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Jin-Yan Zhou
- Pediatrics Department, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650051, Yunnan, China.
| | - Xiao-Ran Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
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4
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Milano G, Guarducci G, Nante N, Montomoli E, Manini I. Human Papillomavirus Epidemiology and Prevention: Is There Still a Gender Gap? Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1060. [PMID: 37376449 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11061060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Human papillomavirus (HPV) is sexually transmitted, one of the three most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in both males and females, and the most common viral STI. A crucial public health strategy to protect people against HPV is vaccination, which has shown its effectiveness in preventing HPV-related diseases. Presently, three types of vaccines are available (bivalent, quadrivalent, and nonvalent), and they all target the two most oncogenic virus genotypes (HPV 16 and 18). In recent years, the need to implement vaccination programmes that include all genders has been discussed in order to achieve herd immunity against HPV. To date, only a few countries have included young males in their vaccination programmes. Thus, our objective with this review is to provide an overview of the epidemiology of HPV and HPV prevention strategies and report the latest findings from the scientific literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Milano
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giovanni Guarducci
- Post Graduate School of Public Health, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Nicola Nante
- Post Graduate School of Public Health, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Emanuele Montomoli
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- VisMederi S.r.l., 53100 Siena, Italy
- Interuniversity Research Centre on Influenza and Other Transmissible Infections (CIRI-IT), 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Manini
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Interuniversity Research Centre on Influenza and Other Transmissible Infections (CIRI-IT), 16132 Genoa, Italy
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5
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Zhou Q, Yu J, Song X, Zhang J, Zhang B. The discovery of novel papillomaviruses in cats in Southwest China. Virus Genes 2023; 59:484-488. [PMID: 36976417 PMCID: PMC10043845 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-023-01989-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Feline viral diarrhea is a significant cause of death in kittens. In this study, 12 mammalian viruses were identified by metagenomic sequencing in diarrheal feces in 2019, 2020, and 2021, respectively. Interestingly, a novel of felis catus papillomavirus (FcaPV) was identified for the first time in China. Subsequently, we investigated the prevalence of FcaPV in 252 feline samples, including 168 diarrheal feces and 84 oral swabs, with a total of 57 (22.62%, 57/252) samples detected positive. Of the 57 positive samples, FcaPV genotype 3 (FcaPV-3) was detected at high prevalence rate (68.42%, 39/57), followed by FcaPV-4 (22.8%, 13/57), FcaPV-2 (17.54%, 10/57), and FcaPV-1 (1.75%, 1/55), while no FcaPV-5 and FcaPV-6. In addition, two novel putative FcaPVs were identified, which were the highest similarity to Lambdapillomavirus from Leopardus wiedii or canis familiaris, respectively. Therefore, this study was the first characterization of the viral diversity in feline diarrheal feces and the prevalence of FcaPV in Southwest China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zhou
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jifeng Yu
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Xin Song
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province for Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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6
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Stolbikov AS, Salyaev RK, Nurminsky VN, Chernyshov MY. Investigation of the Presence of DNA of Highly Pathogenic Human Papillomaviruses in Water Bodies of the Lake Baikal Natural Territory. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2022; 14:258-266. [PMID: 35932447 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-022-09529-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are extremely widespread throughout the world. There are more than 100 types of HPVs, of which at least 14 types represent high oncogenic risk viruses (World Health Organization, 2020). Numerous attempts were made to analyze various water sources in order to (i) reveal the presence of DNA of pathogenic human papillomaviruses in them and (ii) assess the potential risks of occurrence of epidemics caused by HPV. With time, the necessity to solve these important problems stimulated the formation of a new direction in the world medical and environmental investigations.This paper contains the investigation of the presence of DNA of highly dangerous types of human papillomaviruses (HPV6, HPV11, HPV16 and HPV18) in water bodies of the Baikal natural territory, in particular in the water reservoirs in and near the villages of Listvyanka, Bolshiye Koty, Kultuk and the cities of Baikalsk and Slyudyanka. In course of our work, the conditions good for the study of the biological material obtained from water samples by the PCR technique to reveal the presence of DNA of HPV6, HPV11, HPV16 and HPV18 papillomaviruses were chosen. PCR analysis was conducted with the aid of both the already well-known universal primers GP5 + /6 + and the primers developed by our team to be applied to the conservative domains of nucleotide sequences encoding the main capsid protein L1 of human papillomaviruses HPV6, HPV11 (these types of the virus contribute to the occurrence of anogenital condylomatosis and the development of respiratory papillomatosis) and HPV16, HPV16 (these types of virus contribute to the occurrence of cervical cancer).The analyzes conducted by our team have revealed the presence of DNA of the four types of HPVs (6, 11, 16 and 18) in the samples taken from various water sources of the Baikal natural territory.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Stolbikov
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 132 Lermontov st, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia.
- Irkutsk State University, 1 Karl Marx st, Irkutsk, 664003, Russia.
| | - R K Salyaev
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 132 Lermontov st, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
| | - V N Nurminsky
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 132 Lermontov st, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
| | - M Yu Chernyshov
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 132 Lermontov st, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
- Presidium of Irkutsk Scientific Center, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 134 Lermontov st, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
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7
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NGS Techniques Reveal a High Diversity of RNA Viral Pathogens and Papillomaviruses in Fresh Produce and Irrigation Water. Foods 2021; 10:foods10081820. [PMID: 34441597 PMCID: PMC8394881 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fresh fruits and vegetables are susceptible to microbial contamination at every stage of the food production chain, and as a potential source of pathogens, irrigation water quality is a critical factor. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques have been flourishing and expanding to a wide variety of fields. However, their application in food safety remains insufficiently explored, and their sensitivity requires improvement. In this study, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays showed low but frequent contamination of common circulating viral pathogens, which were found in 46.9% of samples of fresh produce: 6/12 lettuce samples, 4/12 strawberries samples, and 5/8 parsley samples. Furthermore, the application of two different NGS approaches, target enrichment sequencing (TES) for detecting viruses that infect vertebrates and amplicon deep sequencing (ADS), revealed a high diversity of viral pathogens, especially Norovirus (NoV) and Human Papillomavirus (HPV), in fresh produce and irrigation water. All NoV and HPV types found in fresh fruit and vegetable samples were also detected in irrigation water sources, indicating that these viruses are common circulating pathogens in the population and that irrigation water may be the most probable source of viral pathogens in food samples.
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8
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Petca A, Borislavschi A, Zvanca ME, Petca RC, Sandru F, Dumitrascu MC. Non-sexual HPV transmission and role of vaccination for a better future (Review). Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:186. [PMID: 33101476 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papilloma viruses (HPVs) belong to the Papillomaviridae family and are epitheliotropic infecting squamous epithelia (skin and mucosae). HPV is estimated to be the cause of 99% of cervical cancers (there is no evidence of significant genetic predisposition for cervical cancer), 90% of anal cancer, 65% vaginal cancers, 50% vulvar cancers, and 45-90% oropharyngeal cancers. The route of HPV transmission is primarily through skin-to-skin or skin-to-mucosa contact. Sexual transmission is the most documented, but there have been studies suggesting non-sexual courses. The horizontal transfer of HPV includes fomites, fingers, and mouth, skin contact (other than sexual). Self-inoculation is described in studies as a potential HPV transmission route, as it was certified in female virgins, and in children with genital warts (low-risk HPV) without a personal history of sexual abuse. Vertical transmission from mother to child is another HPV transfer course. Several studies have emphasized the possibility of infection through the amniotic fluid, or the placenta, or via contact with maternal genital mucosa during natural birth. Waterborne transmission of HPV has never been demonstrated; however, HPV DNA has been detected in water environments. Routine hygiene measures are proven to be inefficient in preventing HPV transmission, as the studies which have evaluated samples of HPV on contaminated medical equipment (after standard disinfection) have found them to be still positive. Annual costs associated with the morbidity and mortality of HPV-related diseases are estimated at approximately $4 billion. Once the HPV vaccine program in Australia was launched, many studies reported the initial effects: A decrease in the incidence of high-grade cervical abnormalities, no new genital warts cases in females under 21 years. Promoting greater understanding in the general public about the evident benefits of vaccination can create positive vaccine attitudes and scatter the myths of spurious side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Petca
- 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Elias Emergency University Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea Borislavschi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Elias Emergency University Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mona Elena Zvanca
- 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Elias Emergency University Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Razvan-Cosmin Petca
- 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Urology, 'Prof. Dr. Th. Burghele' Clinical Hospital, 050659 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florica Sandru
- 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Dermatology, Elias Emergency University Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai Cristian Dumitrascu
- 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Emergency Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
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9
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Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the agent of the most common sexually transmitted diseases causing a variety of clinical manifestations ranging from warts to cancer. Oncogenic HPV infection is the major cause of cervical cancer and less frequently of penile cancers. Its presence in semen is widely known, but the effects on fertility are still controversial. We developed a new approach to evaluate virus localisation in the different semen components. We analysed also the specific genotype localisation and viral DNA quantity by qPCR. Results show that HPV DNA can be identified in every fraction of semen: spermatozoa, somatic cells and seminal plasma. Different samples can contain the HPV DNA in different fractions and several HPV genotypes can be found in the same fraction. Additionally, different fractions may contain multiple HPV genotypes in different relative quantity. We analysed the wholeness of HPV DNA in sperm cells by qPCR. In one sample more than half of viral genomes were defective, suggesting a possible recombination event. The new method allows to easily distinguish different sperm infections and to observe the possible effects on semen. The data support the proposed role of HPV in decreased fertility and prompt new possible consequences of the infection in semen.
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10
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Smelov V, Elfström KM, Eklund C, Sokolova O, Dillner J. Determinants of the presence of human papillomaviruses in the anal canal of Russian men. J Med Virol 2018; 90:1643-1650. [PMID: 29797586 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of determinants of anal human papillomavirus (HPV) infections among men is still limited as most of the studies are focused on high-risk populations and geographically narrowed. Such knowledge obtained in different populations is essential for better understanding of HPV natural history, transmission dynamics, and its role in the development and prevention of anogenital malignancies in different regions. Here we tested anal canal swab samples from 359 Russian heterosexual (323 human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]-negative and 27 HIV-positive, aged 18-67 years) men attending a sexually transmitted infection clinic 36 HPV types using a proficient Luminex assay. HPV-positivity in anal samples was common for 332 HIV-negative heterosexual men for overall HPV (15.7%, n = 52), oncogenic HPV (9.6%, n = 32), nononcogenic HPV (8.1%, n = 27), and multiple HPV infections (4.5%, n = 14). The most common anal HPV types were HPV16 (5.7%), HPV45, and HPV51 (1.8% each), HPV66, and HPV87 (1.8% each). No association was found with the number of lifetime sexual partners, age of participants at the time of the study, or their sexual debut. Although anal HPV positivity was more common among HIV-positive men, the current study provides additional evidence that anal HPV can be frequently detected in heterosexual HIV-negative men favoring further studies on transmission routes to discriminate between contamination and true HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly Smelov
- Prevention and Implementation Group, Section of Early Detection and Prevention, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Urology, North-Western State Medical University Named After I.I. Mechnikov, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - K Miriam Elfström
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carina Eklund
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olga Sokolova
- Faculty of Medicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Outpatient Clinic, S. P. Botkin Memorial Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Joakim Dillner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Urology, North-Western State Medical University Named After I.I. Mechnikov, St. Petersburg, Russia
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11
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Beta and gamma human papillomaviruses in anal and genital sites among men: prevalence and determinants. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8241. [PMID: 29844517 PMCID: PMC5974254 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26589-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Data regarding the anogenital distribution of and type-specific concordance for cutaneous β- and γ-HPV types in men who have sex with women is limited and geographically narrow. Knowledge of determinants of anogenital detection of cutaneous HPV types in different regions is needed for better understanding of the natural history and transmission dynamics of HPV, and its potential role in the development of anogenital diseases. Genital and anal canal samples obtained from 554 Russian men were screened for 43 β-HPVs and 29 γ-HPVs, using a multiplex PCR combined with Luminex technology. Both β- and γ-HPVs were more prevalent in the anal (22.8% and 14.1%) samples than in the genital (16.8% and 12.3%) samples. Low overall and type-specific concordance for β-HPVs (3.5% and 1.1%) and γ-HPVs (1.3% and 0.6%) were observed between genital and anal samples. HIV-positive men had higher anal β- (crude OR = 12.2, 95% CI: 5.3–28.1) and γ-HPV (crude OR = 7.2, 95% CI: 3.3–15.4) prevalence than HIV-negative men. Due to the lack of genital samples from the HIV-positive men, no comparison was possible for HIV status in genital samples. The lack of type-specific positive concordance between genital and anal sites for cutaneous β- and γ-HPV types in heterosexual men posits the needs for further studies on transmission routes to discriminate between contamination and true HPV infection. HIV-positive status may favor the anal acquisition or modify the natural history of cutaneous HPV types.
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Shkoporov AN, Ryan FJ, Draper LA, Forde A, Stockdale SR, Daly KM, McDonnell SA, Nolan JA, Sutton TD, Dalmasso M, McCann A, Ross RP, Hill C. Reproducible protocols for metagenomic analysis of human faecal phageomes. MICROBIOME 2018; 6:68. [PMID: 29631623 PMCID: PMC5892011 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0446-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have demonstrated that the human gut is populated by complex, highly individual and stable communities of viruses, the majority of which are bacteriophages. While disease-specific alterations in the gut phageome have been observed in IBD, AIDS and acute malnutrition, the human gut phageome remains poorly characterised. One important obstacle in metagenomic studies of the human gut phageome is a high level of discrepancy between results obtained by different research groups. This is often due to the use of different protocols for enriching virus-like particles, nucleic acid purification and sequencing. The goal of the present study is to develop a relatively simple, reproducible and cost-efficient protocol for the extraction of viral nucleic acids from human faecal samples, suitable for high-throughput studies. We also analyse the effect of certain potential confounding factors, such as storage conditions, repeated freeze-thaw cycles, and operator bias on the resultant phageome profile. Additionally, spiking of faecal samples with an exogenous phage standard was employed to quantitatively analyse phageomes following metagenomic sequencing. Comparative analysis of phageome profiles to bacteriome profiles was also performed following 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. RESULTS Faecal phageome profiles exhibit an overall greater individual specificity when compared to bacteriome profiles. The phageome and bacteriome both exhibited moderate change when stored at + 4 °C or room temperature. Phageome profiles were less impacted by multiple freeze-thaw cycles than bacteriome profiles, but there was a greater chance for operator effect in phageome processing. The successful spiking of faecal samples with exogenous bacteriophage demonstrated large variations in the total viral load between individual samples. CONCLUSIONS The faecal phageome sequencing protocol developed in this study provides a valuable additional view of the human gut microbiota that is complementary to 16S amplicon sequencing and/or metagenomic sequencing of total faecal DNA. The protocol was optimised for several confounding factors that are encountered while processing faecal samples, to reduce discrepancies observed within and between research groups studying the human gut phageome. Rapid storage, limited freeze-thaw cycling and spiking of faecal samples with an exogenous phage standard are recommended for optimum results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Feargal J. Ryan
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Amanda Forde
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Stephen R. Stockdale
- Department of Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork Ireland
| | - Karen M. Daly
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - James A. Nolan
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Marion Dalmasso
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, EA4651 ABTE, F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Angela McCann
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - R. Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Colin Hill
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Fernandez-Cassi X, Timoneda N, Martínez-Puchol S, Rusiñol M, Rodriguez-Manzano J, Figuerola N, Bofill-Mas S, Abril JF, Girones R. Metagenomics for the study of viruses in urban sewage as a tool for public health surveillance. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 618:870-880. [PMID: 29108696 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The application of next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques for the identification of viruses present in urban sewage has not been fully explored. This is partially due to a lack of reliable and sensitive protocols for studying viral diversity and to the highly complex analysis required for NGS data processing. One important step towards this goal is finding methods that can efficiently concentrate viruses from sewage samples. Here the application of a virus concentration method based on skimmed milk organic flocculation (SMF) using 10L of sewage collected in different seasons enabled the detection of many viruses. However, some viruses, such as human adenoviruses, could not always be detected using metagenomics, even when quantitative PCR (qPCR) assessments were positive. A targeted metagenomic assay for adenoviruses was conducted and 59.41% of the obtained reads were assigned to murine adenoviruses. However, up to 20 different human adenoviruses (HAdV) were detected by this targeted assay being the most abundant HAdV-41 (29.24%) and HAdV-51 (1.63%). To improve metagenomics' sensitivity, two different protocols for virus concentration were comparatively analysed: an ultracentrifugation protocol and a lower-volume SMF protocol. The sewage virome contained 41 viral families, including pathogenic viral species from families Caliciviridae, Adenoviridae, Astroviridae, Picornaviridae, Polyomaviridae, Papillomaviridae and Hepeviridae. The contribution of urine to sewage metavirome seems to be restricted to a few specific DNA viral families, including the polyomavirus and papillomavirus species. In experimental infections with sewage in a rhesus macaque model, infective human hepatitis E and JC polyomavirus were identified. Urban raw sewage consists of the excreta of thousands of inhabitants; therefore, it is a representative sample for epidemiological surveillance purposes. The knowledge of the metavirome is of significance to public health, highlighting the presence of viral strains that are circulating within a population while acting as a complex matrix for viral discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Fernandez-Cassi
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - N Timoneda
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Computational Genomics Lab, University of Barcelona and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - S Martínez-Puchol
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M Rusiñol
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - J Rodriguez-Manzano
- Centre for Bio-Inspired Technology, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - N Figuerola
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - S Bofill-Mas
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - J F Abril
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Computational Genomics Lab, University of Barcelona and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - R Girones
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Hamza H, Hamza IA. Oncogenic papillomavirus and polyomavirus in urban sewage in Egypt. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 610-611:1413-1420. [PMID: 28854484 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the occurrence of oncogenic viruses in contaminated water and their potential for waterborne transmission has been reported. We addressed an environmental surveillance of both HPyVs (JCPyV and BKPyV) and HPVs in three wastewater treatment plants in Egypt. A high level of dissemination was found for both viruses. HPyVs (JCPyV and BKPyV) were found in ~73% of examined samples, while HPVs were detected in 30.5%. Sequence analysis of HPV positive samples revealed a wide variety of circulating genotypes representing both anogenital (HPV-6, HPV-16, HPV-53, HPV-44, HPV-31, HPV-43) and cutaneous (HPV-37, HPV-21, HPV-120, HPV-111, HPV-5) types. In addition, two unclassified sequences were identified, suggesting putative types. The median concentrations of HPyVs in inflow samples were 3.03×1005, 3.9×1005, and 1.44×1005GC/l in the three WWTPs, respectively. Whereas, the viral concentration in outflow reduced by one order of magnitude in WWTP-A and WWTP-C and two orders of magnitude in WWTP-B. On the other hand, the mean concentration of the quantified HPVs positive samples was 1.68×1003GC/l for inflow and a quite similar pattern in the outflow as well. These data provide an evidence about the actual circulation pattern of both viruses in the population. Also, the high abundance of HPyVs supports its potential as a possible fecal indicator. However, further investigations are required for both viruses to elucidate the potential health risk via contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem Hamza
- Environmental Virology Laboratory, Department of Water Pollution Research, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Hygiene, Social- and Environmental Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
| | - Ibrahim Ahmed Hamza
- Environmental Virology Laboratory, Department of Water Pollution Research, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
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15
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Rampelli S, Turroni S, Schnorr SL, Soverini M, Quercia S, Barone M, Castagnetti A, Biagi E, Gallinella G, Brigidi P, Candela M. Characterization of the human DNA gut virome across populations with different subsistence strategies and geographical origin. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:4728-4735. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Rampelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Stephanie L. Schnorr
- Department of Anthropology, Laboratories of Molecular Anthropology and Microbiome Research; University of Oklahoma; Norman OK USA
| | - Matteo Soverini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Sara Quercia
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Monica Barone
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Andrea Castagnetti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Elena Biagi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Giorgio Gallinella
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Marco Candela
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
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Di Bonito P, Iaconelli M, Gheit T, Tommasino M, Della Libera S, Bonadonna L, La Rosa G. Detection of oncogenic viruses in water environments by a Luminex-based multiplex platform for high throughput screening of infectious agents. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 123:549-555. [PMID: 28704770 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.06.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies documented the detection of viruses strongly associated with human cancer in urban sewages and other water environments worldwide. The aim of this study was to estimate the occurrence of human oncogenic viruses in environmental samples (sewage, river, marine, and pool/spa water) using highly sensitive and specific multiplex bead-based assays (Luminex technology). A total of 33 samples were analysed for 140 oncogenic viral agents, including mucosal and cutaneous human papillomaviruses (HPVs), human polyomaviruses (HPyV), human herpesviruses (HHV) and mouse mammary tumour virus (MMTV). Eighty-eight percent of the samples tested positive for at least one viral pathogen and the simultaneous presence of more than one virus was frequent (mean number of positivities/sample = 3.03). A total of 30 different Alpha, Beta and Gamma HPVs were detected, including mucosal and cutaneous types. The high-risk type HPV16 was the most frequently detected virus, identified in 73% of the samples. Of the 12 HPyVs tested, only two (BKPyV and MCPyV) were detected. At least one of these two was present in 48% of the samples. MMTV was detected in 21% of the samples, while herpesviruses - HHV-6 and HHV-1 - were detected in two samples (6%). The present study is the first to provide a comprehensive picture of the occurrence of oncogenic viruses belonging to different families and species in diverse water environments, and the first to successfully use, in environmental samples, a Luminex-based multiplex platform for high throughput screening of infectious agents. Our findings, showing that oncogenic viruses are ubiquitous in water environments, pave the way for future studies on the fate of these pathogens in water environments as well as on their potential for transmission via the waterborne route.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Di Bonito
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - M Iaconelli
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - T Gheit
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - M Tommasino
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - S Della Libera
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - L Bonadonna
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - G La Rosa
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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17
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Yinda CK, Rector A, Zeller M, Conceição-Neto N, Heylen E, Maes P, Ghogomu SM, Van Ranst M, Matthijnssens J. A single bat species in Cameroon harbors multiple highly divergent papillomaviruses in stool identified by metagenomics analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 6:74-80. [PMID: 32289018 PMCID: PMC7103942 DOI: 10.1016/j.virep.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A number of PVs have been described in bats but to the best of our knowledge not from feces. Using a previously described NetoVIR protocol, Eidolon helvum pooled fecal samples (Eh) were treated and sequenced by Illumina next generation sequencing technology. Two complete genomes of novel PVs (EhPV2 and EhPV3) and 3 partial sequences (BATPV61, BATPV890a and BATPV890b) were obtained and analysis showed that the EhPV2 and EhPV3 major capsid proteins cluster with and share 60-64% nucleotide identity with that of Rousettus aegyptiacus PV1, thus representing new species of PVs within the genus Psipapillomavirus. The other PVs clustered in different branches of our phylogenetic tree and may potentially represent novel species and/or genera. This points to the vast diversity of PVs in bats and in Eidolon helvum bats in particular, therefore adding support to the current concept that PV evolution is more complex than merely strict PV-host co-evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Kwe Yinda
- KULeuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Viral Metagenomics, Leuven, Belgium
- KULeuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annabel Rector
- KULeuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mark Zeller
- KULeuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Viral Metagenomics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nádia Conceição-Neto
- KULeuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Viral Metagenomics, Leuven, Belgium
- KULeuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Heylen
- KULeuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Viral Metagenomics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Piet Maes
- KULeuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephen Mbigha Ghogomu
- University of Buea, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biotechnology Unit, Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Marc Van Ranst
- KULeuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jelle Matthijnssens
- KULeuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Viral Metagenomics, Leuven, Belgium
- Corresponding author.
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18
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Iaconelli M, Petricca S, Libera SD, Di Bonito P, La Rosa G. First Detection of Human Papillomaviruses and Human Polyomaviruses in River Waters in Italy. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2015; 7:309-15. [PMID: 26049729 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-015-9203-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Waterborne exposure to human viruses is possible through contact with contaminated water environments and can result in infections associated with a wide range of illnesses, including gastrointestinal, respiratory, ear, ocular, and skin infections. Recently, the occurrence in water environments of two groups of human viruses-both known with oncogenic potential, human polyomaviruses (HPyVs) and papillomaviruses (HPVs)-has been reported worldwide. These viruses, responsible for highly prevalent infections worldwide, have recently been proposed as potentially emerging waterborne pathogens. The objective of the present study was to examine the occurrence of HPyVs and HPVs in surface waters, by monitoring two rivers in Northwestern Italy, by nested PCR assays and sequencing. HPyVs (JC, BK, and Merkel cell polyomavirus) were detected in 10/25 (40%) samples. HPVs (HPV8, 17, 21, 25, 32, 80, 99, 105, and putative new HPVs) were identified in 14/25 (56%) river samples. The number of HPV DNA copies in waters was measured by quantitative real-time PCR. To our knowledge, this is the first detection and quantification of HPVs in surface waters. The possibility that HPyVs and HPVs can be transmitted by the waterborne route deserves to be explored in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Iaconelli
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - S Petricca
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - S Della Libera
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - P Di Bonito
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - G La Rosa
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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Abstract
We investigated healthy skin and mucosal specimens of wild ruminants in the Italian Alps. We identified bovine papillomavirus (BPV)-2 DNA in the healthy skin of wild ruminants and documented coinfection of BPV-1 and Cervus elaphus papillomavirus (CePV)-1 in a healthy red deer (Cervus elaphus). We also demonstrated cross-infections of BPVs of the genus Xipapillomavirus, both as single virus infection and also in association with Deltapapillomavirus types 1 and 2, confirming that host tropism of papillomaviruses is not as species-specific as previously thought. Our results suggest that subclinical infections could be linked to the presence of domestic ruminants sharing the same habitat with wild species and that the wildlife may act as a reservoir for papillomaviruses affecting domestic species.
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La Rosa G, Della Libera S, Petricca S, Iaconelli M, Briancesco R, Paradiso R, Semproni M, Di Bonito P, Bonadonna L. First detection of papillomaviruses and polyomaviruses in swimming pool waters: unrecognized recreational water-related pathogens? J Appl Microbiol 2015; 119:1683-91. [PMID: 26249276 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Viral outbreaks associated with swimming pools have been described worldwide. The objective of this study was to examine the extent of viral contamination in indoor and outdoor swimming pools. METHODS AND RESULTS Pools were examined for the presence of human enteric viruses (adenovirus, norovirus and enterovirus) and nonenteric viruses (papillomavirus and polyomavirus-BK, JC, KI, WU and Merkel cell). Bacteriological parameters were also evaluated. The analysed pool waters met microbiological quality standards. Enteric viruses were not detected. On the other hand, papillomaviruses (HPV8, 12, 23, 25, 120 and unclassified HPVs) and polyomaviruses (JC and Merkel cell polyomaviruses) were detected in 9/14 samples (64%). The number of HPV DNA copies in pool waters, measured by quantitative Real-time PCR, ranged from 1.27E+04 to 1.13E+05/10L. CONCLUSION Results show that a variety of nonenteric viruses may be discharged in pool waters by various secretions and excretions from infected individuals or asymptomatic carriers. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on human papillomaviruses and polyomaviruses in swimming pools. The likelihood that these viruses can be transmitted by recreational activities deserves to be explored in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- G La Rosa
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - S Della Libera
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - S Petricca
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - M Iaconelli
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - R Briancesco
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - R Paradiso
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - M Semproni
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - P Di Bonito
- Department of Infectious Parasitic Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - L Bonadonna
- Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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