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Lewin A, Therrien R, De Serres G, Grégoire Y, Perreault J, Drouin M, Fournier MJ, Tremblay T, Beaudoin J, Beaudoin-Bussières G, Prévost J, Gendron-Lepage G, Finzi A, Bernier F, Bazin R, Germain M, Delage G. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among blood donors in Québec, and analysis of symptoms associated with seropositivity: a nested case-control study. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE SANTE PUBLIQUE 2021; 112:576-586. [PMID: 33999398 PMCID: PMC8127462 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-021-00531-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A substantial proportion of individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 do not experience noticeable symptoms typical of COVID-19. Our objectives were to evaluate the impact of the first wave of the pandemic in Québec by measuring SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence in a convenience sample of healthy blood donors and to study the association between seropositivity and the occurrence of COVID-19 symptoms. METHODS The study design was a cross-sectional serological survey with a nested case-control study. Residual blood samples from donations collected between May 25 and July 9, 2020 (well before vaccination rollout) in the province of Québec were tested for anti-Spike RBD antibodies by ELISA. Seropositive donors and a control group of seronegative donors were questioned about prior COVID-19 symptoms. All qualified blood donors were eligible for participation. RESULTS A total of 7691 blood donors were included in the study. After adjustments, the seroprevalence rate was 2.2% (95% CI 1.9-2.6). Seropositive donors reported one or more symptoms in a proportion of 52.2% (95% CI 44.2-60.1); this proportion was 19.1% (95% CI 13.4-26.1) among seronegative donors, suggesting that approximately 50-66% of all infections were asymptomatic. Univariate analysis of associations between symptoms and seropositivity revealed that except for rhinorrhea, all symptoms were significantly associated with seropositivity. CONCLUSION Assuming that blood donors are fairly representative of the general adult population, this study shows that less than 3% of 18-69-year-olds have been infected during the first wave of the pandemic in the province of Québec. Our data also confirm that many infections escaped detection, including a substantial proportion that were asymptomatic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Lewin
- Héma-Québec, Affaires Médicales et Innovation, 4045 Blvd. de la Côte-Vertu, Saint-Laurent, Montréal, QC, H4R 2W7, Canada
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Roseline Therrien
- Héma-Québec, Qualité et développement, Montréal, QC, H4R 2W7, Canada
| | - Gaston De Serres
- Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Québec, QC, H2P 1E2, Canada
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1E 6W2, Canada
| | - Yves Grégoire
- Héma-Québec, Affaires Médicales et Innovation, Québec, QC, G1V 5C3, Canada
| | - Josée Perreault
- Héma-Québec, Affaires Médicales et Innovation, Québec, QC, G1V 5C3, Canada
| | - Mathieu Drouin
- Héma-Québec, Affaires Médicales et Innovation, Québec, QC, G1V 5C3, Canada
| | | | - Tony Tremblay
- Héma-Québec, Affaires Médicales et Innovation, Québec, QC, G1V 5C3, Canada
| | - Julie Beaudoin
- Héma-Québec, Qualité et développement, Montréal, QC, H4R 2W7, Canada
| | - Guillaume Beaudoin-Bussières
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Jérémie Prévost
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | | | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - France Bernier
- Héma-Québec, Qualité et développement, Montréal, QC, H4R 2W7, Canada
| | - Renée Bazin
- Héma-Québec, Affaires Médicales et Innovation, Québec, QC, G1V 5C3, Canada
| | - Marc Germain
- Héma-Québec, Affaires Médicales et Innovation, Québec, QC, G1V 5C3, Canada
| | - Gilles Delage
- Héma-Québec, Affaires Médicales et Innovation, 4045 Blvd. de la Côte-Vertu, Saint-Laurent, Montréal, QC, H4R 2W7, Canada.
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Pouquet M, Decarreaux D, Prévot-Monsacré P, Hervé C, Werner A, Grosgogeat B, Blanché H, Rabiega P, Laupie J, Kochert F, Abraham N, Sebaoun JM, de Lamballerie X, Charrel R, Souty C, Camara I, Pergeline J, Noël H, Guerrisi C, van der Werf S, Carrat F, Hanslik T, Blanchon T, Falchi A. Nationwide Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibodies among Four Groups of Primary Health-Care Workers and Their Household Contacts 6 Months after the Initiation of the COVID-19 Vaccination Campaign in France: SeroPRIM Study Protocol. Pathogens 2021; 10:911. [PMID: 34358061 PMCID: PMC8308883 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10070911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The protocol study will focus on the seroprevalence of IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 achieved by vaccination and/or natural protection as well as the history, symptoms, and risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 in four primary health-care workers (PHCWs) and their household contacts in metropolitan France. METHODS Here, we propose a protocol for a nationwide survey to determine the seroprevalence of IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 achieved by vaccination and/or natural protection in four PHCW populations (general practitioners, pediatricians, pharmacists and assistants, and dentists and assistants) and their household contacts. Participants will be included from June to July 2021 (Phase 1) among PHCW populations located throughout metropolitan France. They will be asked to provide a range of demographic and behavioral information since the first SARS-CoV-2 wave and a self-sampled dried blood spot. Phase 1 will involve also a questionnaire and serological study of PHCWs' household contacts. Seroprevalence will be estimated using two ELISAs designed to detect specific IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in humoral fluid, and these results will be confirmed using a virus neutralization test. This study will be repeated from November to December 2021 (Phase 2) to evaluate the evolution of immune status achieved by vaccination and/or natural protection of PHCWs and to describe the history of exposure to SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Pouquet
- INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, (IPLESP), Sorbonne Université, 75012 Paris, France; (D.D.); (P.P.-M.); (C.H.); (C.S.); (I.C.); (J.P.); (C.G.); (F.C.); (T.H.); (T.B.)
| | - Dorine Decarreaux
- INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, (IPLESP), Sorbonne Université, 75012 Paris, France; (D.D.); (P.P.-M.); (C.H.); (C.S.); (I.C.); (J.P.); (C.G.); (F.C.); (T.H.); (T.B.)
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Université de Corse Pascal Paoli, UR7310 BioScope, 20250 Corte, France
- Unité des Virus Emergents, Aix Marseille University, IRD 190, INSERM U1207, 13005 Marseille, France; (X.d.L.); (R.C.)
| | - Pol Prévot-Monsacré
- INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, (IPLESP), Sorbonne Université, 75012 Paris, France; (D.D.); (P.P.-M.); (C.H.); (C.S.); (I.C.); (J.P.); (C.G.); (F.C.); (T.H.); (T.B.)
| | - Corentin Hervé
- INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, (IPLESP), Sorbonne Université, 75012 Paris, France; (D.D.); (P.P.-M.); (C.H.); (C.S.); (I.C.); (J.P.); (C.G.); (F.C.); (T.H.); (T.B.)
| | - Andréas Werner
- Association Française de Pédiatrie Ambulatoire (AFPA), 69000 Orléans, France; (A.W.); (F.K.)
| | - Brigitte Grosgogeat
- Faculté d’Odontologie, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France;
- Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, UMR CNRS 5615, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France
- Réseau ReCOL, Association Dentaire Française, 75000 Paris, France;
| | - Hélène Blanché
- Fondation Jean Dausset-CEPH, 75000 Paris, France; (H.B.); (J.-M.S.)
| | | | - Julien Laupie
- Réseau ReCOL, Association Dentaire Française, 75000 Paris, France;
| | - Fabienne Kochert
- Association Française de Pédiatrie Ambulatoire (AFPA), 69000 Orléans, France; (A.W.); (F.K.)
| | - Nathalie Abraham
- IQVIA, Réseau de Pharmaciens, 75000 Paris, France; (P.R.); (N.A.)
| | | | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Emergents, Aix Marseille University, IRD 190, INSERM U1207, 13005 Marseille, France; (X.d.L.); (R.C.)
| | - Remi Charrel
- Unité des Virus Emergents, Aix Marseille University, IRD 190, INSERM U1207, 13005 Marseille, France; (X.d.L.); (R.C.)
| | - Cecile Souty
- INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, (IPLESP), Sorbonne Université, 75012 Paris, France; (D.D.); (P.P.-M.); (C.H.); (C.S.); (I.C.); (J.P.); (C.G.); (F.C.); (T.H.); (T.B.)
| | - Ibrahima Camara
- INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, (IPLESP), Sorbonne Université, 75012 Paris, France; (D.D.); (P.P.-M.); (C.H.); (C.S.); (I.C.); (J.P.); (C.G.); (F.C.); (T.H.); (T.B.)
| | - Jeanne Pergeline
- INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, (IPLESP), Sorbonne Université, 75012 Paris, France; (D.D.); (P.P.-M.); (C.H.); (C.S.); (I.C.); (J.P.); (C.G.); (F.C.); (T.H.); (T.B.)
| | - Harold Noël
- Infectious Diseases Division, Santé Publique France, 94410 Saint Maurice, France;
| | - Caroline Guerrisi
- INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, (IPLESP), Sorbonne Université, 75012 Paris, France; (D.D.); (P.P.-M.); (C.H.); (C.S.); (I.C.); (J.P.); (C.G.); (F.C.); (T.H.); (T.B.)
| | - Sylvie van der Werf
- Unit of Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses, UMR 3569 CNRS, Institut Pasteur, University of Paris-Diderot, 75000 Paris, France;
- Institut Pasteur, Centre Coordonnateur du Centre National de Référence des Virus des Infections Respiratoires (Dont la Grippe), 75015 Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Carrat
- INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, (IPLESP), Sorbonne Université, 75012 Paris, France; (D.D.); (P.P.-M.); (C.H.); (C.S.); (I.C.); (J.P.); (C.G.); (F.C.); (T.H.); (T.B.)
| | - Thomas Hanslik
- INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, (IPLESP), Sorbonne Université, 75012 Paris, France; (D.D.); (P.P.-M.); (C.H.); (C.S.); (I.C.); (J.P.); (C.G.); (F.C.); (T.H.); (T.B.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences Simone Veil, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), UFR de Médecine, 78000 Versailles, France
- Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), 92100 Boulogne Billancourt, France
| | - Thierry Blanchon
- INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, (IPLESP), Sorbonne Université, 75012 Paris, France; (D.D.); (P.P.-M.); (C.H.); (C.S.); (I.C.); (J.P.); (C.G.); (F.C.); (T.H.); (T.B.)
| | - Alessandra Falchi
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Université de Corse Pascal Paoli, UR7310 BioScope, 20250 Corte, France
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Safiabadi Tali SH, LeBlanc JJ, Sadiq Z, Oyewunmi OD, Camargo C, Nikpour B, Armanfard N, Sagan SM, Jahanshahi-Anbuhi S. Tools and Techniques for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)/COVID-19 Detection. Clin Microbiol Rev 2021; 34:e00228-20. [PMID: 33980687 PMCID: PMC8142517 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00228-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory disease coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has led to millions of confirmed cases and deaths worldwide. Efficient diagnostic tools are in high demand, as rapid and large-scale testing plays a pivotal role in patient management and decelerating disease spread. This paper reviews current technologies used to detect SARS-CoV-2 in clinical laboratories as well as advances made for molecular, antigen-based, and immunological point-of-care testing, including recent developments in sensor and biosensor devices. The importance of the timing and type of specimen collection is discussed, along with factors such as disease prevalence, setting, and methods. Details of the mechanisms of action of the various methodologies are presented, along with their application span and known performance characteristics. Diagnostic imaging techniques and biomarkers are also covered, with an emphasis on their use for assessing COVID-19 or monitoring disease severity or complications. While the SARS-CoV-2 literature is rapidly evolving, this review highlights topics of interest that have occurred during the pandemic and the lessons learned throughout. Exploring a broad armamentarium of techniques for detecting SARS-CoV-2 will ensure continued diagnostic support for clinicians, public health, and infection prevention and control for this pandemic and provide advice for future pandemic preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hamid Safiabadi Tali
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Gina Cody School of Engineering, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial, and Aerospace Engineering, Gina Cody School of Engineering, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jason J LeBlanc
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nova Scotia Health, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Zubi Sadiq
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Gina Cody School of Engineering, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Oyejide Damilola Oyewunmi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Gina Cody School of Engineering, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Carolina Camargo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Bahareh Nikpour
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Narges Armanfard
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Mila-Quebec AI Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Selena M Sagan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sana Jahanshahi-Anbuhi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Gina Cody School of Engineering, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Piri SM, Edalatfar M, Shool S, Jalalian MN, Tavakolpour S. A systematic review on the recurrence of SARS-CoV-2 virus: frequency, risk factors, and possible explanations. Infect Dis (Lond) 2021; 53:315-324. [PMID: 33508989 PMCID: PMC7852280 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2020.1871066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since late 2019, SARS-CoV-2 which leads to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has caused thousands of deaths. There are some pieces of evidence that SARS-CoV-2 genome could be re-detectable in recovered patients. METHODS We performed a systematic review in the PubMed/Medline database to address the risk of SARS-CoV-2 recurrence. The last update was for 20 November 2020. Among the 1178 initially found articles, 66 met the inclusion criteria and were considered. FINDINGS In total, 1128 patients with at least one-time recurrence of SARS-CoV-2 were included. Recurrence rate has been reported between 2.3% and 21.4% in cohort studies, within a mean of 20 (ranged 1-98) days after discharge; younger patients are being affected more. Following the second course of disease, the disease severity decreased or remained unchanged in 97.3% while it increased in 2.6%. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM were positive in 11-95% and 58.8-100%, respectively. Based on the literature, three possibilities include reactivation of previous disease, reinfection with the same virus, and false negative, which have been discussed in details. CONCLUSION There is a relatively notable risk of disease recurrence in previously recovered patients, even those who are immunised against the virus. More studies are required to clarify the underlying cause of this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Piri
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Edalatfar
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Shool
- Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Soheil Tavakolpour
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,CONTACT Soheil Tavakolpour Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Korth J, Wilde B, Dolff S, Frisch J, Jahn M, Krawczyk A, Trilling M, Schipper L, Cordes S, Ross B, Lindemann M, Kribben A, Dittmer U, Witzke O, Herrmann A, Anastasiou OE. SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence in Healthcare Workers in Germany: A Follow-Up Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:4540. [PMID: 33922895 PMCID: PMC8123190 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a worldwide challenge for the medical sector. Healthcare workers (HCW) are a cohort vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection due to frequent and close contact with COVID-19 patients. However, they are also well trained and equipped with protective gear. The SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody status was assessed at three different time points in 450 HCW of the University Hospital Essen in Germany. HCW were stratified according to contact frequencies with COVID-19 patients in (I) a high-risk group with daily contacts with known COVID-19 patients (n = 338), (II) an intermediate-risk group with daily contacts with non-COVID-19 patients (n = 78), and (III) a low-risk group without patient contacts (n = 34). The overall seroprevalence increased from 2.2% in March-May to 4.0% in June-July to 5.1% in October-December. The SARS-CoV-2 IgG detection rate was not significantly different between the high-risk group (1.8%; 3.8%; 5.5%), the intermediate-risk group (5.1%; 6.3%; 6.1%), and the low-risk group (0%, 0%, 0%). The overall SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence remained low in HCW in western Germany one year after the outbreak of COVID-19 in Germany, and hygiene standards seemed to be effective in preventing patient-to-staff virus transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Korth
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (B.W.); (M.J.); (A.K.)
| | - Benjamin Wilde
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (B.W.); (M.J.); (A.K.)
| | - Sebastian Dolff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, West German Centre of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (S.D.); (J.F.); (A.K.); (L.S.); (O.W.)
| | - Jasmin Frisch
- Department of Infectious Diseases, West German Centre of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (S.D.); (J.F.); (A.K.); (L.S.); (O.W.)
| | - Michael Jahn
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (B.W.); (M.J.); (A.K.)
| | - Adalbert Krawczyk
- Department of Infectious Diseases, West German Centre of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (S.D.); (J.F.); (A.K.); (L.S.); (O.W.)
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 179, 45147 Essen, Germany; (M.T.); (U.D.); (A.H.); (O.E.A.)
| | - Mirko Trilling
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 179, 45147 Essen, Germany; (M.T.); (U.D.); (A.H.); (O.E.A.)
| | - Leonie Schipper
- Department of Infectious Diseases, West German Centre of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (S.D.); (J.F.); (A.K.); (L.S.); (O.W.)
| | - Sebastian Cordes
- Department of Pneumology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Tüschener Weg 40, 45239 Essen, Germany;
| | - Birgit Ross
- Hospital Hygiene, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany;
| | - Monika Lindemann
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany;
| | - Andreas Kribben
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (B.W.); (M.J.); (A.K.)
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 179, 45147 Essen, Germany; (M.T.); (U.D.); (A.H.); (O.E.A.)
| | - Oliver Witzke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, West German Centre of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; (S.D.); (J.F.); (A.K.); (L.S.); (O.W.)
| | - Anke Herrmann
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 179, 45147 Essen, Germany; (M.T.); (U.D.); (A.H.); (O.E.A.)
| | - Olympia Evdoxia Anastasiou
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstr. 179, 45147 Essen, Germany; (M.T.); (U.D.); (A.H.); (O.E.A.)
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Wiens KE, Mawien PN, Rumunu J, Slater D, Jones FK, Moheed S, Caflish A, Bior BK, Jacob IA, Lako RLL, Guyo AG, Olu OO, Maleghemi S, Baguma A, Hassen JJ, Baya SK, Deng L, Lessler J, Demby MN, Sanchez V, Mills R, Fraser C, Charles RC, Harris JB, Azman AS, Wamala JF. Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in Juba, South Sudan: a population-based study. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2021:2021.03.08.21253009. [PMID: 33758900 PMCID: PMC7987059 DOI: 10.1101/2021.03.08.21253009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relatively few COVID-19 cases and deaths have been reported through much of sub-Saharan Africa, including South Sudan, although the extent of SARS-CoV-2 spread remains unclear due to weak surveillance systems and few population-representative serosurveys. METHODS We conducted a representative household-based cross-sectional serosurvey in Juba, South Sudan. We quantified IgG antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain and estimated seroprevalence using a Bayesian regression model accounting for test performance. RESULTS We recruited 2,214 participants from August 10 to September 11, 2020 and 22.3% had anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG titers above levels in pre-pandemic samples. After accounting for waning antibody levels, age, and sex, we estimated that 38.5% (32.1 - 46.8) of the population had been infected with SARS-CoV-2. For each RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 case, 104 (87-126) infections were unreported. Background antibody reactivity was higher in pre-pandemic samples from Juba compared to Boston, where the serological test was validated. The estimated proportion of the population infected ranged from 30.1% to 60.6% depending on assumptions about test performance and prevalence of clinically severe infections. CONCLUSIONS SARS-CoV-2 has spread extensively within Juba. Validation of serological tests in sub-Saharan African populations is critical to improve our ability to use serosurveillance to understand and mitigate transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten E. Wiens
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - John Rumunu
- Republic of South Sudan Ministry of Health, Juba, South Sudan
| | - Damien Slater
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Forrest K. Jones
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Serina Moheed
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea Caflish
- Displacement Tracking Matrix, International Organization for Migration, Juba, South Sudan
| | - Bior K. Bior
- Republic of South Sudan Ministry of Health, Juba, South Sudan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrew Baguma
- World Health Organization, Juba, South Sudan
- Kabale University School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology
| | | | | | - Lul Deng
- Republic of South Sudan Ministry of Health, Juba, South Sudan
| | - Justin Lessler
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maya N. Demby
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vanessa Sanchez
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel Mills
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clare Fraser
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richelle C. Charles
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason B. Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew S. Azman
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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7
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Bognanni A, Schiaffino A, Pimpinelli F, Donzelli S, Celesti I, Strano S, Solari E, Schiaffino G, Solari G, Solari D, Delbue S, Rigoni M, Nollo G, Muti GE, Muti Schünemann GE, Schünemann HJ, Blandino G, Morrone A, Muti P. The Conundrum of Giglio Island: Unraveling the dynamics of an apparent resistance to COVID-19 - A descriptive study. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:1467-1471. [PMID: 33680349 PMCID: PMC7920805 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite an extensive risk of exposure to COVID-19, the residents of Giglio Island, Italy, did not develop any symptom of SARS-CoV-2. The present study aims to characterize the nature of exposure and to describe the local population dynamics underlying its apparent resistance to COVID-19. METHODS Descriptive study of an islander partially-segregated population cohort based on a seroprevalence screening conducted from Aprile 29 to May 3, 2020 and including SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and viral prevalence in samples of saliva assessed through RT-qPCR. Serologic testing was performed using a COVID-19 IgG/IgM rapid test while molecular analyses were carried out by Allplex 2019-nCoV Assay (Seegene). RESULTS A total of 634 residents out of 748 (84.8%) present at the time, and 89 non-residents underwent serological testing. 364 males and 359 females with a median age of 58.5 years. The serological screening identified one positive, asymptomatic subject. The Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (NAAT) did not yield any positive result. CONCLUSION Despite extensive exposure to SARS-CoV-2, possibly only one new asymptomatic infection occurred in this population, as documented by IgM positivity not confirmed by RT-qPCR. This may be due to unknown protective factors or chance. On the basis of this baseline study, using its population as a reference model, further investigations will be conducted to test the advanced hypotheses, focusing on the evaluation of a possible cross-reactivity to SARS-CoV-2 from exposure to endemic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Bognanni
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, “Università degli Studi di Milano”, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Fulvia Pimpinelli
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Donzelli
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Celesti
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Strano
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Solari
- Università di Pisa, Nursing School, Department of Clinical Health and Experimental Medicine, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Gabriele Solari
- Independent Health Professionist, Isola del Giglio, Grosseto, Italy
| | - Domenico Solari
- Tuscany Regional Health System – South Eastern Area (retired), Italy
| | - Serena Delbue
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, “Università degli Studi di Milano”, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Rigoni
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Giandomenico Nollo
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Greta E. Muti
- Università “Vita Salute” San Raffaele – International MD Program, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna E.U. Muti Schünemann
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Holger J Schünemann
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Giovanni Blandino
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Aldo Morrone
- Scientific Direction, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Muti
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, “Università degli Studi di Milano”, Milan, Italy
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8
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Ioannidis JPA. Precision shielding for COVID-19: metrics of assessment and feasibility of deployment. BMJ Glob Health 2021; 6:e004614. [PMID: 33514595 PMCID: PMC7849322 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to preferentially protect high-risk groups in COVID-19 is hotly debated. Here, the aim is to present simple metrics of such precision shielding of people at high risk of death after infection by SARS-CoV-2; demonstrate how they can estimated; and examine whether precision shielding was successfully achieved in the first COVID-19 wave. The shielding ratio, S, is defined as the ratio of prevalence of infection among people in a high-risk group versus among people in a low-risk group. The contrasted risk groups examined here are according to age (≥70 vs <70 years), and institutionalised (nursing home) setting. For age-related precision shielding, data were used from large seroprevalence studies with separate prevalence data for elderly versus non-elderly and with at least 1000 assessed people≥70 years old. For setting-related precision shielding, data were analysed from 10 countries where information was available on numbers of nursing home residents, proportion of nursing home residents among COVID-19 deaths and overall population infection fatality rate (IFR). Across 17 seroprevalence studies, the shielding ratio S for elderly versus non-elderly varied between 0.4 (substantial shielding) and 1.6 (substantial inverse protection, that is, low-risk people being protected more than high-risk people). Five studies in the USA all yielded S=0.4-0.8, consistent with some shielding being achieved, while two studies in China yielded S=1.5-1.6, consistent with inverse protection. Assuming 25% IFR among nursing home residents, S values for nursing home residents ranged from 0.07 to 3.1. The best shielding was seen in South Korea (S=0.07) and modest shielding was achieved in Israel, Slovenia, Germany and Denmark. No shielding was achieved in Hungary and Sweden. In Belgium (S=1.9), the UK (S=2.2) and Spain (S=3.1), nursing home residents were far more frequently infected than the rest of the population. In conclusion, the experience from the first wave of COVID-19 suggests that different locations and settings varied markedly in the extent to which they protected high-risk groups. Both effective precision shielding and detrimental inverse protection can happen in real-life circumstances. COVID-19 interventions should seek to achieve maximal precision shielding.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P A Ioannidis
- Department of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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9
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Wang W, Wu Q, Yang J, Dong K, Chen X, Bai X, Chen X, Chen Z, Viboud C, Ajelli M, Yu H. Global, regional, and national estimates of target population sizes for covid-19 vaccination: descriptive study. BMJ 2020; 371:m4704. [PMID: 33323388 PMCID: PMC7736995 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m4704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide global, regional, and national estimates of target population sizes for coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) vaccination to inform country specific immunisation strategies on a global scale. DESIGN Descriptive study. SETTING 194 member states of the World Health Organization. POPULATION Target populations for covid-19 vaccination based on country specific characteristics and vaccine objectives (maintaining essential core societal services; reducing severe covid-19; reducing symptomatic infections and stopping virus transmission). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Size of target populations for covid-19 vaccination. Estimates use country specific data on population sizes stratified by occupation, age, risk factors for covid-19 severity, vaccine acceptance, and global vaccine production. These data were derived from a multipronged search of official websites, media sources, and academic journal articles. RESULTS Target population sizes for covid-19 vaccination vary markedly by vaccination goal and geographical region. Differences in demographic structure, presence of underlying conditions, and number of essential workers lead to highly variable estimates of target populations at regional and country levels. In particular, Europe has the highest share of essential workers (63.0 million, 8.9%) and people with underlying conditions (265.9 million, 37.4%); these two categories are essential in maintaining societal functions and reducing severe covid-19, respectively. In contrast, South East Asia has the highest share of healthy adults (777.5 million, 58.9%), a key target for reducing community transmission. Vaccine hesitancy will probably impact future covid-19 vaccination programmes; based on a literature review, 68.4% (95% confidence interval 64.2% to 72.6%) of the global population is willing to receive covid-19 vaccination. Therefore, the adult population willing to be vaccinated is estimated at 3.7 billion (95% confidence interval 3.2 to 4.1 billion). CONCLUSIONS The distribution of target groups at country and regional levels highlights the importance of designing an equitable and efficient plan for vaccine prioritisation and allocation. Each country should evaluate different strategies and allocation schemes based on local epidemiology, underlying population health, projections of available vaccine doses, and preference for vaccination strategies that favour direct or indirect benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Xuhui District, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Qianhui Wu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Xuhui District, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Yang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Xuhui District, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Kaige Dong
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Xuhui District, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Xinghui Chen
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Xuhui District, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Xufang Bai
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Xuhui District, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Xinhua Chen
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Xuhui District, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyuan Chen
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Xuhui District, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Cécile Viboud
- Division of International Epidemiology and Population Studies, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marco Ajelli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Laboratory for the Modeling of Biological and Socio-technical Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hongjie Yu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Xuhui District, 200032 Shanghai, China
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10
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Sharma NK, Sarode SC, Sarode G, Patil S. Is a COVID-19 vaccine developed by nature already at work? Med Hypotheses 2020; 145:110335. [PMID: 33059225 PMCID: PMC7538374 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 positive cases are increasing at an alarming rate across the world. On the contrary, the morbidity and mortality are showing decreasing trend as time progresses. The most intriguing part is the rise in asymptomatic Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) positive cases in the population, which made us speculate some kind of gradual development of immunity in the population. To date, no attention has been given to the accumulation of killed/inactivated/degenerated SARS-CoV-2 associated molecular particle patterns (SAMPPs). In this paper, we introduced the concept of SAMMPs and its existence on inanimate objects is quite conceivable due to the size of SARS-CoV-2 and exuberant shedding of the virus in respiratory secretions. SAMPPs can come into the contact with mucosal surfaces and thereof associated antigen-presenting dendritic cells. Thus, we hypothesized the existence of SAMPPs mediated the development of immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infection, which has caused an increase in the incidence rate of asymptomatic cases and a decrease in mortality rate. To understand the existence of SAMPPs associated natural immunity against SARS-CoV-2, future population based serological testing are recommended to investigate serum antibody levels against various molecular particles associated with SAMPPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Kumar Sharma
- Cancer and Translational Research Lab, Dr. D.Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra 411033, India
| | - Sachin C Sarode
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune 411018, India.
| | - Gargi Sarode
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune 411018, India.
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
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11
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Santos-Hövener C, Neuhauser HK, Rosario AS, Busch M, Schlaud M, Hoffmann R, Gößwald A, Koschollek C, Hoebel J, Allen J, Haack-Erdmann A, Brockmann S, Ziese T, Nitsche A, Michel J, Haller S, Wilking H, Hamouda O, Corman VM, Drosten C, Schaade L, Wieler LH, Lampert T. Serology- and PCR-based cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in adults in a successfully contained early hotspot (CoMoLo study), Germany, May to June 2020. Euro Surveill 2020; 25:2001752. [PMID: 33243353 PMCID: PMC7693167 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.47.2001752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Three months after a coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in Kupferzell, Germany, a population-based study (n = 2,203) found no RT-PCR-positives. IgG-ELISA seropositivity with positive virus neutralisation tests was 7.7% (95% confidence interval (CI): 6.5-9.1) and 4.3% with negative neutralisation tests. We estimate 12.0% (95% CI: 10.4-14.0%) infected adults (24.5% asymptomatic), six times more than notified. Full hotspot containment confirms the effectiveness of prompt protection measures. However, 88% naïve adults are still at high COVID-19 risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stefan Brockmann
- Department of Health Protection and Epidemiology, Baden-Wuerttemberg State Health Office, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Victor M Corman
- National Consultant Laboratory for Coronaviruses, Berlin Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Drosten
- National Consultant Laboratory for Coronaviruses, Berlin Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
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12
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Mondal R, Lahiri D, Deb S, Bandyopadhyay D, Shome G, Sarkar S, Paria SR, Thakurta TG, Singla P, Biswas SC. COVID-19: Are we dealing with a multisystem vasculopathy in disguise of a viral infection? J Thromb Thrombolysis 2020; 50:567-579. [PMID: 32627126 PMCID: PMC7335630 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-020-02210-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
After the emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in the last two decades, the world is facing its new challenge in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic with unprecedented global response. With the expanding domain of presentations in COVID-19 patients, the full range of manifestations is yet to unfold. The classical clinical symptoms for SARS-CoV-2 affected patients are dry cough, high fever, dyspnoea, lethal pneumonia whereas many patients have also been found to be associated with a few additional signs and clinical manifestations of isolated vasculopathy. Albeit a deep and profound knowledge has been gained on the clinical features and management of COVID-19, less clear association has been provided on SARS-CoV-2 mediated direct or indirect vasculopathy and its possible correlation with disease prognosis. The accumulative evidences suggest that novel coronavirus, apart from its primary respiratory confinement, may also invade vascular endothelial cells of several systems including cerebral, cardio-pulmonary as well as renal microvasculature, modulating multiple visceral perfusion indices. Here we analyse the phylogenetic perspective of SARS-CoV-2 along with other strains of β-coronaviridae from a standpoint of vasculopathic derangements. Based on the existing case reports, literature and open data bases, we also analyse the differential pattern of vasculopathy related changes in COVID-19 positive patients. Besides, we debate the need of modulation in clinical approach from a hemodynamical point of view, as a measure towards reducing disease transmission, morbidity and mortality in SARS-CoV-2 affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritwick Mondal
- Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, SSKM Hospital, 52/1A, S.N. Pandit Street, Kolkata, 700025, India
| | - Durjoy Lahiri
- Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, SSKM Hospital, 52/1A, S.N. Pandit Street, Kolkata, 700025, India.
| | - Shramana Deb
- S.N. Pradhan Centre for Neuroscience, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Deebya Bandyopadhyay
- Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, SSKM Hospital, 52/1A, S.N. Pandit Street, Kolkata, 700025, India
| | - Gourav Shome
- Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Sukanya Sarkar
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Sudeb R Paria
- Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, SSKM Hospital, 52/1A, S.N. Pandit Street, Kolkata, 700025, India
| | | | - Pratibha Singla
- Gian Sagar Medical College and Hospital, Patiala, Punjab, India
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13
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Wang W, Wu Q, Yang J, Dong K, Chen X, Bai X, Chen X, Chen Z, Viboud CE, Ajelli M, Yu H. Global, regional, and national estimates of target population sizes for COVID-19 vaccination. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2020:2020.09.29.20200469. [PMID: 33024985 PMCID: PMC7536887 DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.29.20200469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Background COVID-19 vaccine prioritization and allocation strategies that maximize health benefit through efficient use of limited resources are urgently needed. We aimed to provide global, regional, and national estimates of target population sizes for COVID-19 vaccination to inform country-specific immunization strategies on a global scale. Methods Based on a previous study of international allocation for pandemic COVID-19 vaccines, we classified the entire world population into eleven priority groups. Information on priority groups was derived from a multi-pronged search of official websites, media sources and academic journal articles. The sizes of different priority groups were projected for 194 countries globally. Results Overall, the size of COVID-19 vaccine recipient population varied markedly by goals of the vaccination program and geography. The general population aged <60 years without any underlying condition accounts for the majority of the total population (5.2 billion people, 68%), followed by 2.3 billion individuals at risk of severe disease, and 46.9 million essential workers which are critical to maintaining a functional society. Differences in the demographic structure, presence of underlying conditions, and number of essential workers led to highly variable estimates of target populations both at the WHO region and country level. In particular, Europe has the highest share of essential workers (6.8%) and the highest share of individuals with underlying conditions (37.8%), two priority categories to maintain societal functions and reduce severe burden. In contrast, Africa has the highest share of healthy adults, school-age individuals, and infants (77.6%), which are the key groups to target to reduce community transmission. Interpretation The sizeable distribution of target groups on a country and regional bases underlines the importance of equitable and efficient vaccine prioritization and allocation globally. The direct and indirect benefits of COVID-19 vaccination should be balanced by considering local differences in demography and health.
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