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Kembou-Ringert JE, Hotio FN, Steinhagen D, Thompson KD, Surachetpong W, Rakus K, Daly JM, Goonawardane N, Adamek M. Knowns and unknowns of TiLV-associated neuronal disease. Virulence 2024; 15:2329568. [PMID: 38555518 PMCID: PMC10984141 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2329568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV) is associated with pathological changes in the brain of infected fish, but the mechanisms driving the virus's neuropathogenesis remain poorly characterized. TiLV establishes a persistent infection in the brain of infected fish even when the virus is no longer detectable in the peripheral organs, rendering therapeutic interventions and disease management challenging. Moreover, the persistence of the virus in the brain may pose a risk for viral reinfection and spread and contribute to ongoing tissue damage and neuroinflammatory processes. In this review, we explore TiLV-associated neurological disease. We discuss the possible mechanism(s) used by TiLV to enter the central nervous system (CNS) and examine TiLV-induced neuroinflammation and brain immune responses. Lastly, we discuss future research questions and knowledge gaps to be addressed to significantly advance this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Japhette E. Kembou-Ringert
- Department of infection, immunity and Inflammation, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Fortune N. Hotio
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Dieter Steinhagen
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Institute for parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kim D. Thompson
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, UK
| | - Win Surachetpong
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Krzysztof Rakus
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Janet M. Daly
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - Niluka Goonawardane
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Mikolaj Adamek
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Institute for parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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2
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Thakur P, Baraskar K, Shrivastava VK, Medhi B. Cross-talk between adipose tissue and microbiota-gut-brain-axis in brain development and neurological disorder. Brain Res 2024; 1844:149176. [PMID: 39182900 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is an important factor responsible for the physiological processes as well as pathogenesis of host. The communication between central nervous system (CNS) and microbiota occurs by different pathways i.e., chemical, neural, immune, and endocrine. Alteration in gut microbiota i.e., gut dysbiosis causes alteration in the bidirectional communication between CNS and gut microbiota and linked to the pathogenesis of neurological and neurodevelopmental disorder. Therefore, now-a-days microbiota-gut-brain-axis (MGBA) has emerged as therapeutic target for the treatment of metabolic disorder. But, experimental data available on MGBA from basic research has limited application in clinical study. In present study we first summarized molecular mechanism of microbiota interaction with brain physiology and pathogenesis via collecting data from different sources i.e., PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science. Furthermore, evidence shows that adipose tissue (AT) is active during metabolic activities and may also interact with MGBA. Hence, in present study we have focused on the relationship among MGBA, brown adipose tissue, and white adipose tissue. Along with this, we have also studied functional specificity of AT, and understanding heterogeneity among MGBA and different types of AT. Therefore, molecular interaction among them may provide therapeutic target for the treatment of neurological disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Thakur
- Endocrinology Unit, Bioscience Department, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462026, India.
| | - Kirti Baraskar
- Endocrinology Unit, Bioscience Department, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462026, India
| | - Vinoy K Shrivastava
- Endocrinology Unit, Bioscience Department, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462026, India
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Punjab 160012, India.
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Euclydes V, Braga CI, Gouveia G, Martinez RC, Camilo C, Simões SN, Martins-Jr DC, Fracolli L, Argeu A, Ferraro A, Matijasevich A, Fatori D, Miguel EC, Polanczyk GV, Brentani H. Maternal immune response during pregnancy and neurodevelopmental outcomes: A longitudinal approach. Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 40:100832. [PMID: 39193418 PMCID: PMC11347843 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives The neurodevelopment of the offspring is suggested to be influenced by the maternal immune system's responses throughout pregnancy, which in turn is also vulnerable to maternal psychosocial stress conditions. Therefore, our main goal was to investigate whether maternal peripheral immunological biomarkers (IB) during two stages of gestation are associated with distinct neurodevelopmental trajectories in the first two years of life. As a second goal, we also explored the association between maternal distal (childhood) and proximal (gestation) stressful experiences and the immunological markers assessed during pregnancy. Methods Maternal childhood trauma, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and peripheral IB (IFNγ, IL-10, IL1β, IL6, IL8, TNFα, EGF, IL13, IL17, IL1Ra and IL4) were measured at baseline (8-16 weeks of pregnancy) and at 30 weeks of pregnancy in 160 women. The participants had the blood samples collected from two randomized clinical trials conducted by the same team and methods in the same community. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was implemented to create meaningful composite variables that describe the cytokines joint variation. Finally, linear mixed-effects modeling was used to investigate the influence of inflammatory biomarkers, maternal childhood trauma, anxiety, and depressive symptoms on Bayley's III scores trajectories. Results The IB profile during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy predicted the offspring's neurodevelopmental trajectories in the first two years of life. The components derived from PCA were important predictors and captured different immune responses, reflecting both pro- and anti-inflammatory states. Maternal stressful experiences did not correlate with the immunological markers. Although not a reliable predictor alone, maternal psychosocial stress at the 1st trimester of pregnancy interacted with the mother's immune response while predicting the neurodevelopmental scores during the first two years of life. Conclusions Our results underscore the importance of the maternal immune response during pregnancy in shaping the neurodevelopmental trajectory of the offspring. Additionally, we observed that the maternal distress at the early stages of pregnancy has an incremental effect on the neurodevelopmental outcome but depends upon the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Euclydes
- Instituto e Departamento de Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, LIM/23, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Caio I.S. Braga
- Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Gisele Gouveia
- Instituto e Departamento de Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, LIM/23, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Caroline Camilo
- Instituto e Departamento de Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, LIM/23, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - David C. Martins-Jr
- Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Lislaine Fracolli
- Escola de Enfermagem, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana Argeu
- Instituto e Departamento de Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, LIM/23, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Ferraro
- Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alicia Matijasevich
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Fatori
- Instituto e Departamento de Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, LIM/23, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Euripedes C. Miguel
- Instituto e Departamento de Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, LIM/23, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme V. Polanczyk
- Instituto e Departamento de Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, LIM/23, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Helena Brentani
- Instituto e Departamento de Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, LIM/23, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Simões JLB, de Carvalho Braga G, Eichler SW, da Silva GB, Bagatini MD. Implications of COVID-19 in Parkinson's disease: the purinergic system in a therapeutic-target perspective to diminish neurodegeneration. Purinergic Signal 2024; 20:487-507. [PMID: 38460075 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-024-09998-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is marked by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. With advent of COVID-19, which is closely associated with generalized inflammation and multiple organ dysfunctions, the PD patients may develop severe conditions of disease leading to exacerbated degeneration. This condition is caused by the excessive release of pro-inflammatory markers, called cytokine storm, that is capable of triggering neurodegenerative conditions by affecting the blood-brain barrier (BBB). A possible SARS-CoV-2 infection, in serious cases, may compromise the immune system by triggering a hyperstimulation of the neuroimmune response, similar to the pathological processes found in PD. From this perspective, the inflammatory scenario triggers oxidative stress and, consequently, cellular dysfunction in the nervous tissue. The P2X7R seems to be the key mediator of the neuroinflammatory process, as it acts by increasing the concentration of ATP, allowing the influx of Ca2+ and the occurrence of mutations in the α-synuclein protein, causing activation of this receptor. Thus, modulation of the purinergic system may have therapeutic potential on the effects of PD, as well as on the damage caused by inflammation of the BBB, which may be able to mitigate the neurodegeneration caused by diseases. Considering all the processes of neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction that PD propose, we can conclude that the P2X7 antagonist acts in the prevention of viral diseases, and it also controls purinergic receptors formed by multi-target compounds directed to self-amplification circuits and, therefore, may be a viable strategy to obtain the desired disease-modifying effect. Thus, purinergic system receptor modulations have a high therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative diseases such as PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gilnei Bruno da Silva
- Multicentric Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of Santa Catarina, Lages, SC, Brazil
| | - Margarete Dulce Bagatini
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
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5
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Thomson EL, Powell E, Gandini Wheeler-Kingshott CAM, Parker GJM. Quantification of water exchange across the blood-brain barrier using noncontrast MR fingerprinting. Magn Reson Med 2024; 92:1392-1403. [PMID: 38725240 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.30127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE A method is proposed to quantify cerebral blood volume (v b $$ {v}_b $$ ) and intravascular water residence time (τ b $$ {\tau}_b $$ ) using MR fingerprinting (MRF), applied using a spoiled gradient echo sequence without the need for contrast agent. METHODS An in silico study optimized an acquisition protocol to maximize the sensitivity of the measurement tov b $$ {v}_b $$ andτ b $$ {\tau}_b $$ changes. Its accuracy in the presence of variations inT 1 , t $$ {\mathrm{T}}_{1,t} $$ ,T 1 , b $$ {\mathrm{T}}_{1,b} $$ , andB 1 $$ {\mathrm{B}}_1 $$ was evaluated. The optimized protocol (scan time of 19 min) was then tested in a exploratory healthy volunteer study (10 volunteers, mean age 24± $$ \pm $$ 3, six males) at 3 T with a repeat scan taken after repositioning to allow estimation of repeatability. RESULTS Simulations show that assuming literature values forT 1 , b $$ {\mathrm{T}}_{1,b} $$ andT 1 , t $$ {\mathrm{T}}_{1,t} $$ , no variation inB 1 $$ {\mathrm{B}}_1 $$ , while fitting onlyv b $$ {v}_b $$ andτ b $$ {\tau}_b $$ , leads to large errors in quantification ofv b $$ {v}_b $$ andτ b $$ {\tau}_b $$ , regardless of noise levels. However, simulations also show that matchingT 1 , t $$ {\mathrm{T}}_{1,t} $$ ,T 1 , b $$ {\mathrm{T}}_{1,b} $$ ,B 1 + $$ {\mathrm{B}}_1^{+} $$ ,v b $$ {v}_b $$ andτ b $$ {\tau}_b $$ , simultaneously is feasible at clinically achievable noise levels. Across the healthy volunteers, all parameter quantifications fell within the expected literature range. In addition, the maps show good agreement between hemispheres suggesting physiologically relevant information is being extracted. Expected differences between white and gray matterT 1 , t $$ {\mathrm{T}}_{1,t} $$ (p < 0.0001) andv b $$ {v}_b $$ (p < 0.0001) are observed,T 1 , b $$ {\mathrm{T}}_{1,b} $$ andτ b $$ {\tau}_b $$ show no significant differences, p = 0.4 and p = 0.6, respectively. Moderate to excellent repeatability was seen between repeat scans: mean intra-class correlation coefficient ofT 1 , t : 0 . 91 $$ {\mathrm{T}}_{1,t}:0.91 $$ ,T 1 , b : 0 . 58 $$ {\mathrm{T}}_{1,b}:0.58 $$ ,v b : 0 . 90 $$ {v}_b:0.90 $$ , andτ b : 0 . 96 $$ {\tau}_b:0.96 $$ . CONCLUSION We demonstrate that regional simultaneous quantification ofv b $$ {v}_b $$ ,τ b $$ {\tau}_b $$ ,T 1 , b , T 1 , t $$ {\mathrm{T}}_{1,b},{T}_{1,t} $$ , andB 1 + $$ {\mathrm{B}}_1^{+} $$ using MRF is feasible in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Thomson
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
- NMR Research Unit, Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth Powell
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Claudia A M Gandini Wheeler-Kingshott
- NMR Research Unit, Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, London, UK
- Department of Brain & Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Geoff J M Parker
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
- NMR Research Unit, Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, London, UK
- Bioxydyn Limited, Manchester, UK
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Sahu B, Nookala S, Floden AM, Ambhore NS, Sathish V, Klug MG, Combs CK. House dust mite-induced asthma exacerbates Alzheimer's disease changes in the brain of the App NL-G-F mouse model of disease. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 121:365-383. [PMID: 39084541 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, neuroinflammation, and neuronal death. Besides aging, various comorbidities increase the risk of AD, including obesity, diabetes, and allergic asthma. Epidemiological studies have reported a 2.17-fold higher risk of dementia in asthmatic patients. However, the molecular mechanism(s) underlying this asthma-associated AD exacerbation is unknown. This study was designed to explore house dust mite (HDM)-induced asthma effects on AD-related brain changes using the AppNL-G-F transgenic mouse model of disease. Male and female 8-9 months old C57BL/6J wild type and AppNL-G-F mice were exposed to no treatment, saline sham, or HDM extract every alternate day for 16 weeks for comparison across genotypes and treatment. Mice were euthanized at the end of the experiment, and broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF), blood, lungs, and brains were collected. BALF was used to quantify immune cell phenotype, cytokine levels, total protein content, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, and total IgE. Lungs were sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Alcian blue, and Masson's trichrome. Serum levels of cytokines and soluble Aβ1-40/42 were quantified. Brains were sectioned and immunostained for Aβ, GFAP, CD68, and collagen IV. Finally, frozen hippocampi and temporal cortices were used to perform Aβ ELISAs and cytokine arrays, respectively. HDM exposure led to increased levels of inflammatory cells, cytokines, total protein content, LDH activity, and total IgE in the BALF, as well as increased pulmonary mucus and collagen staining in both sexes and genotypes. Levels of serum cytokines increased in all HDM-exposed groups. Serum from the AppNL-G-F HDM-induced asthma group also had significantly increased soluble Aβ1-42 levels in both sexes. In agreement with this peripheral change, hippocampi from asthma-induced male and female AppNL-G-F mice demonstrated elevated Aβ plaque load and increased soluble Aβ 1-40/42 and insoluble Aβ 1-40 levels. HDM exposure also increased astrogliosis and microgliosis in both sexes of AppNL-G-F mice, as indicated by GFAP and CD68 immunoreactivity, respectively. Additionally, HDM exposure elevated cortical levels of several cytokines in both sexes and genotypes. Finally, HDM-exposed groups also showed a disturbed blood-brain-barrier (BBB) integrity in the hippocampus of AppNL-G-F mice, as indicated by decreased collagen IV immunoreactivity. HDM exposure was responsible for an asthma-like condition in the lungs that exacerbated Aβ pathology, astrogliosis, microgliosis, and cytokine changes in the brains of male and female AppNL-G-F mice that correlated with reduced BBB integrity. Defining mechanisms of asthma effects on the brain may identify novel therapeutic targets for asthma and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijayani Sahu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 1301 N Columbia Road, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9037, USA
| | - Suba Nookala
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 1301 N Columbia Road, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9037, USA
| | - Angela M Floden
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 1301 N Columbia Road, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9037, USA
| | - Nilesh S Ambhore
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Human Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA
| | - Venkatachalem Sathish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Human Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA
| | - Marilyn G Klug
- Department of Population health, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, USA
| | - Colin K Combs
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 1301 N Columbia Road, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9037, USA.
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Wakonigg Alonso C, McElhatton F, O'Mahony B, Campbell M, Pollak TA, Stokes PRA. The blood-brain barrier in bipolar disorders: A systematic review. J Affect Disord 2024; 361:434-444. [PMID: 38897301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorders (BD) are chronic, debilitating disorders. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) has been increasingly investigated in BD. This systematic review aimed to assess the available evidence on the relationship between BD and markers of BBB dysfunction. METHODS A systematic search in PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Web of Science was run where the primary outcomes were BBB markers such as S100B, albumin ratio, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), cell adhesion molecule (CAM), and tight junction proteins. Techniques included blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), post-mortem, genetic and imaging methods in BD compared to healthy controls. RESULTS 55 studies were identified, 38 of which found an association between BD and markers of BBB dysfunction. 16/29 studies found increased blood/CSF albumin ratio, S100B, CAMs or MMP levels in BD participants compared to controls. 5/19 post-mortem studies found increased levels of chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans, intercellular CAM, neurexin or claudin-5 mRNA in distinct locations throughout the brain in BD compared to controls. One imaging study identified extensive BBB leakage in 30 % of BD participants, compared to 0 % in controls. LIMITATIONS The diversity in methodologies used in the included studies makes direct comparison of results challenging. Furthermore, imaging methods are the gold standard, but only one study used them. Other markers are only indicative of BBB permeability. CONCLUSIONS This review suggests an association between BD and BBB dysfunction. Further research is needed to provide definite answers considering the existing literature's limitations, and to clarify whether this association provides a pathogenic mechanism, or is an epiphenomenon of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Wakonigg Alonso
- Institute of Psychiatry & Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,United Kingdom.
| | - Frances McElhatton
- Institute of Psychiatry & Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,United Kingdom
| | - Brian O'Mahony
- Institute of Psychiatry & Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Campbell
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Lincoln Place Gate, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Thomas A Pollak
- Dept of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry & Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust,Bethlem Royal Hospital, Monks Orchard Road, Beckenham, Kent, BR3 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Paul R A Stokes
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust,Bethlem Royal Hospital, Monks Orchard Road, Beckenham, Kent, BR3 3BX, United Kingdom; Centre for Affective Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry & Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London,United Kingdom
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8
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Lu S, Di John Portela I, Martino N, Bossardi Ramos R, Salinero AE, Smith RM, Zuloaga KL, Adam AP. A transient brain endothelial translatome response to endotoxin is associated with mild cognitive changes post-shock in young mice. Neuroscience 2024; 555:194-204. [PMID: 39067684 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is associated with increased risk of long-term cognitive impairment. SAE is driven, at least in part, by brain endothelial dysfunction in response to systemic cytokine signaling. However, the mechanisms driving SAE and its consequences remain largely unknown. Here, we performed translating ribosome affinity purification and RNA-sequencing (TRAP-seq) from the brain endothelium to determine the transcriptional changes after an acute endotoxemic (LPS) challenge. LPS induced a strong acute transcriptional response in the brain endothelium that partially correlates with the whole brain transcriptional response and suggested an endothelial-specific hypoxia response. Consistent with a crucial role for IL-6, loss of the main regulator of this pathway, SOCS3, leads to a broadening of the population of genes responsive to LPS, suggesting that an overactivation of the IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway leads to an increased transcriptional response that could explain our prior findings of severe brain injury in these mice. To identify any potential sequelae of this acute response, we performed brain TRAP-seq following a battery of behavioral tests in mice after apparent recovery. We found that the transcriptional response returns to baseline within days post-challenge, but reductions in gene expression regulating protein translation and respiratory electron transport remained. We observed that mice that recovered from the endotoxemic shock showed mild, sex-dependent cognitive impairment, suggesting that the acute brain injury led to sustained effects. A better understanding of the transcriptional and non-transcriptional changes in response to shock is needed in order to prevent and/or revert the devastating consequences of septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhan Lu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, United States
| | - Iria Di John Portela
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, United States
| | - Nina Martino
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, United States
| | - Ramon Bossardi Ramos
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, United States
| | - Abigail E Salinero
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, United States
| | - Rachel M Smith
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, United States
| | - Kristen L Zuloaga
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, United States
| | - Alejandro P Adam
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, Albany Medical College, United States.
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9
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Polyzos AA, Cheong A, Yoo JH, Blagec L, Toprani SM, Nagel ZD, McMurray CT. Base excision repair and double strand break repair cooperate to modulate the formation of unrepaired double strand breaks in mouse brain. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7726. [PMID: 39231940 PMCID: PMC11375129 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51906-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
We lack the fundamental information needed to understand how DNA damage in the brain is generated and how it is controlled over a lifetime in the absence of replication check points. To address these questions, here, we integrate cell-type and region-specific features of DNA repair activity in the normal brain. The brain has the same repair proteins as other tissues, but normal, canonical repair activity is unequal and is characterized by high base excision repair (BER) and low double strand break repair (DSBR). The natural imbalance creates conditions where single strand breaks (SSBs) can convert to double strand breaks (DSBs) and reversibly switch between states in response to oxidation both in vivo and in vitro. Our data suggest that, in a normal background of repair, SSBs and DSBs are in an equilibrium which is pushed or pulled by metabolic state. Interconversion of SSB to DSBs provides a physiological check point, which would allow the formation of unrepaired DSBs for productive functions, but would also restrict them from exceeding tolerable limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aris A Polyzos
- Division of Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Ana Cheong
- Department of Environmental Health, John B Little Centre for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jung Hyun Yoo
- Division of Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Lana Blagec
- Division of Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sneh M Toprani
- Department of Environmental Health, John B Little Centre for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zachary D Nagel
- Department of Environmental Health, John B Little Centre for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cynthia T McMurray
- Division of Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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Tail M, Zhang H, Zheng G, Harms AK, Hatami M, Skutella T, Kiening K, Unterberg A, Zweckberger K, Younsi A. Sonic Hedgehog reduces inflammatory response, decreases blood-spinal cord barrier permeability, and improves locomotor function recovery in an acute spinal cord injury rat model. J Inflamm (Lond) 2024; 21:34. [PMID: 39227870 PMCID: PMC11373473 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-024-00404-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sonic Hedgehog (Shh), extensively researched for its role in early neurogenesis and brain development, has recently been recognized for its neuroprotective potential following neuronal injuries. This study examines the immediate impact of early administered Shh on the local inflammatory response post-acute spinal cord injury in rats. METHODS Thirty-four female Wistar rats underwent either sham surgery (laminectomy; n = 10) or clip compression/contusion spinal cord injury (SCI) at the T9 level. This was followed by implantation of an osmotic pump and a subdural catheter for continuous intrathecal delivery of Shh (n = 12) or placebo (NaCl; n = 12). Locomotor function was assessed at 3- and 7-days post-injury (dpi) using the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) score and the Gridwalk test. Animals were euthanized after 3 or 7 days for immunohistochemical analysis of the local inflammatory reaction and immune cell migration. RESULTS Shh-treated rats demonstrated significant hindlimb movement and coordination improvements at 7 days post-injury, compared to controls. This enhancement was accompanied by a significant reduction in both immune cell presence and blood plasma products within spinal cord lesions, suggesting Shh's dual role in modulating immune cell migration and maintaining the integrity of the blood-spinal cord barrier. Separately, these Shh-treated rats also showed an increase in M(IL-4) polarization of macrophages, further underlining the potential therapeutic impact of Shh in post-injury recovery. Notably, these effects were not evident at three days post-injury. CONCLUSION Shh application at 7 days post-injury showed immunomodulatory effects, possibly via enhanced blood-spinal cord barrier integrity, reduced immune cell migration, and increased anti-inflammatory immune cell differentiation. These mechanisms collectively contribute to enhanced locomotor recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Tail
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Guoli Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna-Kathrin Harms
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maryam Hatami
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Skutella
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karl Kiening
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Unterberg
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Zweckberger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Younsi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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11
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Barbosa-Azevedo M, Dias-Carvalho A, Carvalho F, Costa VM. Chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment and glia: A new take on chemobrain? Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024:117085. [PMID: 39236990 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.117085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
The significant rise in cancer survivorship stands out as one of the most notable achievements of modern science. However, this comes with a significant burden, as cancer treatment is not without adverse effects. Lately, there has been a growing focus on cognitive dysfunction associated with cancer treatment, often referred to as 'chemobrain'. It significantly impacts the quality of life for cancer survivors. The underlying mechanisms studied so far usually focus on neurons, while other cells of the central nervous system are often overlooked. This review seeks to place the hypothesis that glial cells may play a role in the development of chemotherapy-induced cognitive dysfunction. It summarizes the primary mechanisms proposed to date while underscoring the existing gaps in this research field. Inflammation and release of pro-inflammatory mediators by M1 microglia and A1 astrocytes is the most prevalent finding after chemotherapy. However, activation of A1 astrocytes by some chemotherapeutic agents may contribute to neuronal degeneration, alterations in synaptic branches, as well as glutamate excitotoxicity, which can contribute to cognitive impairment. However, the reduction in the number of oligodendrocytes after chemotherapy may also impact the myelin sheath, contributing to 'chemobrain'. Furthermore, some chemotherapeutic drugs activate M1 microglia, which is associated with decreased neuroplasticity and, possibly, cognitive impairment. In conclusion, data regarding the effects of chemotherapy on glial cells are scarce, and it is essential to understand how these cells are affected after cancer treatment to enable reliable therapeutic or preventive actions on cancer-treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Barbosa-Azevedo
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Dias-Carvalho
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Félix Carvalho
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vera Marisa Costa
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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12
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Kwak G, Grewal A, Slika H, Mess G, Li H, Kwatra M, Poulopoulos A, Woodworth GF, Eberhart CG, Ko HS, Manbachi A, Caplan J, Price RJ, Tyler B, Suk JS. Brain Nucleic Acid Delivery and Genome Editing via Focused Ultrasound-Mediated Blood-Brain Barrier Opening and Long-Circulating Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2024; 18:24139-24153. [PMID: 39172436 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c05270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
We introduce a two-pronged strategy comprising focused ultrasound (FUS)-mediated blood-brain barrier (BBB) opening and long-circulating biodegradable nanoparticles (NPs) for systemic delivery of nucleic acids to the brain. Biodegradable poly(β-amino ester) polymer-based NPs were engineered to stably package various types of nucleic acid payloads and enable prolonged systemic circulation while retaining excellent serum stability. FUS was applied to a predetermined coordinate within the brain to transiently open the BBB, thereby allowing the systemically administered long-circulating NPs to traverse the BBB and accumulate in the FUS-treated brain region, where plasmid DNA or mRNA payloads produced reporter proteins in astrocytes and neurons. In contrast, poorly circulating and/or serum-unstable NPs, including the lipid NP analogous to a platform used in clinic, were unable to provide efficient nucleic acid delivery to the brain regardless of the BBB-opening FUS. The marriage of FUS-mediated BBB opening and the long-circulating NPs engineered to copackage mRNA encoding CRISPR-associated protein 9 and single-guide RNA resulted in genome editing in astrocytes and neurons precisely in the FUS-treated brain region. The combined delivery strategy provides a versatile means to achieve efficient and site-specific therapeutic nucleic acid delivery to and genome editing in the brain via a systemic route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gijung Kwak
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
- Medicine Institute for Neuroscience Discovery (UM-MIND), School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Angad Grewal
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Hasan Slika
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Griffin Mess
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Haolin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Mohit Kwatra
- Institute for Cell Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Alexandros Poulopoulos
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Graeme F Woodworth
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
- Medicine Institute for Neuroscience Discovery (UM-MIND), School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Charles G Eberhart
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Han Seok Ko
- Institute for Cell Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Amir Manbachi
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Justin Caplan
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Richard J Price
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Betty Tyler
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Jung Soo Suk
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
- Medicine Institute for Neuroscience Discovery (UM-MIND), School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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13
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Yonk MG, Lim MA, Thompson CM, Tora MS, Lakhina Y, Du Y, Hoang KB, Molinaro AM, Boulis NM, Hassaneen W, Lei K. Improving Glioma Drug Delivery: A Multifaceted Approach for Glioma Drug Development. Pharmacol Res 2024:107390. [PMID: 39233056 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Glioma is one of the most common central nervous system (CNS) cancers that can be found within the brain and the spinal cord. One of the pressing issues plaguing the development of therapeutics for glioma originates from the selective and semipermeable CNS membranes: the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB). It is difficult to bypass these membranes and target the desired cancerous tissue because the purpose of the BBB and BSCB is to filter toxins and foreign material from invading CNS spaces. There are currently four varieties of Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug treatment for glioma; yet these therapies have limitations including, but not limited to, relatively low transmission through the BBB/BSCB, despite pharmacokinetic characteristics that allow them to cross the barriers. Steps must be taken to improve the development of novel and repurposed glioma treatments through the consideration of pharmacological profiles and innovative drug delivery techniques. This review addresses current FDA-approved glioma treatment's gaps, shortcomings, and challenges. We then outline how incorporating computational BBB/BSCB models and innovative drug delivery mechanisms will help motivate clinical advancements in glioma drug delivery. Ultimately, considering these attributes will improve the process of novel and repurposed drug development in glioma and the efficacy of glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marybeth G Yonk
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; College of Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Megan A Lim
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana IL, USA
| | - Charee M Thompson
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA; College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Muhibullah S Tora
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yuliya Lakhina
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yuhong Du
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kimberly B Hoang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Annette M Molinaro
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas M Boulis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Wael Hassaneen
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana IL, USA.
| | - Kecheng Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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14
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Banerjee P, Chau K, Kotla S, Davis EL, Turcios EB, Li S, Pengzhi Z, Wang G, Kolluru GK, Jain A, Cooke JP, Abe J, Le NT. A Potential Role for MAGI-1 in the Bi-Directional Relationship Between Major Depressive Disorder and Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2024; 26:463-483. [PMID: 38958925 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-024-01223-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is characterized by persistent symptoms such as fatigue, loss of interest in activities, feelings of sadness and worthlessness. MDD often coexist with cardiovascular disease (CVD), yet the precise link between these conditions remains unclear. This review explores factors underlying the development of MDD and CVD, including genetic, epigenetic, platelet activation, inflammation, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation, endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. RECENT FINDINGS Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the membrane-associated guanylate kinase WW and PDZ domain-containing protein 1 (MAGI-1) are associated with neuroticism and psychiatric disorders including MDD. SNPs in MAGI-1 are also linked to chronic inflammatory disorders such as spontaneous glomerulosclerosis, celiac disease, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease. Increased MAGI-1 expression has been observed in colonic epithelial samples from Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis patients. MAGI-1 also plays a role in regulating EC activation and atherogenesis in mice and is essential for Influenza A virus (IAV) infection, endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced EC apoptosis, and thrombin-induced EC permeability. Despite being understudied in human disease; evidence suggests that MAGI-1 may play a role in linking CVD and MDD. Therefore, further investigation of MAG-1 could be warranted to elucidate its potential involvement in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Banerjee
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Khanh Chau
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sivareddy Kotla
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eleanor L Davis
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Estefani Berrios Turcios
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shengyu Li
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhang Pengzhi
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guangyu Wang
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Abhishek Jain
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, USA
| | - John P Cooke
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Junichi Abe
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nhat-Tu Le
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
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15
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Yang R, Qu X, Zhi S, Wang J, Fu J, Tan C, Chen H, Wang X. Exosomes Derived from Meningitic Escherichia coli-Infected Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells Facilitate Astrocyte Activation. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:7195-7210. [PMID: 38372957 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04044-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that exosomes play a regulatory role in a variety of biological processes as well as in disease development and progression. However, exosome-mediated intercellular communication between brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) and astrocytes during meningitic Escherichia coli (E. coli)-induced neuroinflammation remains largely unknown. Here, by using in vivo and in vitro models, we demonstrate that exosomes derived from meningitic E. coli-infected BMECs can activate the inflammatory response of astrocytes. A label-free quantitation approach coupled with LC-MS/MS was used to compare the exosome proteomic profiles of human BMECs (hBMECs) in response to meningitic E. coli infection. A total of 57 proteins exhibited significant differences in BMEC-derived exosomes during the infection. Among these proteins, growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) was significantly increased in BMEC-derived exosomes during the infection, which triggered the Erk1/2 signaling pathway and promoted the activation of astrocytes. The identification and characterization of exosome protein profiles in BMECs during meningitic E. coli infection will contribute to the understanding of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms from the perspective of intercellular communication between BMECs and astrocytes, and provide new insights for future prevention and treatment of E. coli meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruicheng Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xinyi Qu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shuli Zhi
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jundan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jiyang Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Wuhan Keqian Biology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chen Tan
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiangru Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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16
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Xu S, Jia M, Guo J, He J, Chen X, Xu Y, Hu W, Wu D, Wu C, Ji X. Ticking Brain: Circadian Rhythm as a New Target for Cerebroprotection. Stroke 2024; 55:2385-2396. [PMID: 39011642 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.124.046684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Circadian rhythm is a master process observed in nearly every type of cell throughout the body, and it macroscopically regulates daily physiology. Recent clinical trials have revealed the effects of circadian variation on the incidence, pathophysiological processes, and prognosis of acute ischemic stroke. Furthermore, core clock genes, the cell-autonomous pacemakers of the circadian rhythm, affect the neurovascular unit-composing cells in a nonparallel manner after the same pathophysiological processes of ischemia/reperfusion. In this review, we discuss the influence of circadian rhythms and clock genes on each type of neurovascular unit cell in the pathophysiological processes of acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaili Xu
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders (S.X., X.J.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital (S.X., J.G., J.H., X.C., Y.X., W.H., D.W., X.J.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Milan Jia
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital (M.J., X.C., Y.X., W.H., C.W., X.J.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Guo
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital (S.X., J.G., J.H., X.C., Y.X., W.H., D.W., X.J.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiachen He
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital (S.X., J.G., J.H., X.C., Y.X., W.H., D.W., X.J.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital (M.J., X.C., Y.X., W.H., C.W., X.J.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital (S.X., J.G., J.H., X.C., Y.X., W.H., D.W., X.J.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital (M.J., X.C., Y.X., W.H., C.W., X.J.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital (S.X., J.G., J.H., X.C., Y.X., W.H., D.W., X.J.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbo Hu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital (M.J., X.C., Y.X., W.H., C.W., X.J.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital (S.X., J.G., J.H., X.C., Y.X., W.H., D.W., X.J.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wu
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital (S.X., J.G., J.H., X.C., Y.X., W.H., D.W., X.J.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanjie Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital (M.J., X.C., Y.X., W.H., C.W., X.J.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xunming Ji
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders (S.X., X.J.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital (M.J., X.C., Y.X., W.H., C.W., X.J.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital (S.X., J.G., J.H., X.C., Y.X., W.H., D.W., X.J.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital (X.J.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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17
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Phutietsile GO, Fotaki N, Nishtala PS. Assessing the anticholinergic cognitive burden classification of putative anticholinergic drugs using drug properties. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2024; 90:2236-2255. [PMID: 38863280 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.16123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study evaluated the use of machine learning to leverage drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) data together with physicochemical and pharmacological data to develop a novel anticholinergic burden scale and compare its performance to previously published scales. METHODS Experimental and in silico ADME, physicochemical and pharmacological data were collected for antimuscarinic activity, blood-brain barrier penetration, bioavailability, chemical structure and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate profile. These five drug properties were used to train an unsupervised model to assign anticholinergic burden scores to drugs. The model performance was evaluated through 10-fold cross-validation and compared with the clinical Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden (ACB) scale and nonclinical Anticholinergic Toxicity Scores (ATS) scale, which is based primarily on muscarinic binding affinity. RESULTS In silico software (ADMET Predictor) used for screening drugs for their blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration correctly identified some drugs that do not cross the BBB. The mean area under the curve for the unsupervised and ACB scale based on the five selected variables was 0.76 and 0.64, respectively. The unsupervised model agreed with the ACB scale on the classification of more than half of the drugs (49 of 88) agreed on the classification of less than half the drugs in the ATS scale (12 of 25). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the commonly used ACB scale may misclassify certain drugs due to their inability to cross the BBB. By contrast, the ATS scale would misclassify drugs solely depending on muscarinic binding affinity without considering other drug properties. Machine learning models can be trained on these features to build classification models that are easy to update and have greater generalizability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikoletta Fotaki
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Centre for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Prasad S Nishtala
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Centre for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Bath, Bath, UK
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18
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Critzer SS, Bosch TJ, Fercho KA, Scholl JL, Baugh LA. Water and brain function: effects of hydration status on neurostimulation with transcranial magnetic stimulation. J Neurophysiol 2024; 132:791-807. [PMID: 39081213 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00143.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurostimulation/neurorecording are tools to study, diagnose, and treat neurological/psychiatric conditions. Both techniques depend on volume conduction between scalp and excitable brain tissue. Here, we examine how neurostimulation with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is affected by hydration status, a physiological variable that can influence the volume of fluid spaces/cells, excitability, and cellular/global brain functioning. Normal healthy adult participants (32, 9 males) had common motor TMS measures taken in a repeated-measures design from dehydrated (12-h overnight fast/thirst) and rehydrated (identical dehydration protocol followed by rehydration with 1 L water in 1 h) testing days. The target region was left primary motor cortex hand area. Response at the target muscle was recorded with electromyography. Urinalysis confirmed hydration status. Motor hotspot shifted in half of participants. Motor threshold decreased in rehydration, indicating increased excitability. Even after redosing/relocalizing TMS to the new threshold/hotspot, rehydration still showed evidence of increased excitability: recruitment curve measures generally shifted upward and the glutamate-dependent paired-pulse protocol, short intracortical facilitation (SICF), was increased. Short intracortical inhibition (SICI), long intracortical inhibition (LICI), long intracortical facilitation (LICF), and cortical silent period (CSP) were relatively unaffected. The hydration perturbations were mild/subclinical based on the magnitude/speed and urinalysis. Motor TMS measures showed evidence of expected physiological changes of osmotic challenges. Rehydration showed signs of macroscopic and microscopic volume changes including decreased scalp-cortex distance (brain closer to stimulator) and astrocyte swelling-induced glutamate release. Hydration may be a source of variability affecting any techniques dependent on brain volumes/volume conduction. These concepts are important for researchers/clinicians using such techniques or dealing with the wide variety of disease processes involving water balance.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Hydration status can affect brain volumes and excitability, which should affect techniques dependent on electrical volume conduction, including neurostimulation/recording. We test the previously unknown effects of hydration on neurostimulation with TMS and briefly review relevant physiology of hydration. Rehydration showed lower motor threshold, shifted motor hotspot, and generally larger responses even after compensating for threshold/hotspot changes. This is important for clinical and research applications of neurostimulation/neurorecording and the many clinical disorders related to water balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam S Critzer
- Basic Biomedical Sciences & Center for Brain and Behavior Research, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, South Dakota, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States
| | - Taylor J Bosch
- Department of Psychology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota, United States
| | - Kelene A Fercho
- FAA Civil Aerospace Medical Institute, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Jamie L Scholl
- Basic Biomedical Sciences & Center for Brain and Behavior Research, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, South Dakota, United States
| | - Lee A Baugh
- Basic Biomedical Sciences & Center for Brain and Behavior Research, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, South Dakota, United States
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19
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Li YC, Fu JT, Tzeng SF. Exposure to lipid mixture induces intracellular lipid droplet formation and impairs mitochondrial functions in astrocytes. Neurochem Int 2024; 178:105792. [PMID: 38880230 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Astrocytes, the predominant glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS), play diverse roles including metabolic support for neurons, provision of neurotrophic factors, facilitation of synaptic neurotransmitter uptake, regulation of ion balance, and involvement in synaptic formation. The accumulation of lipids has been noted in various neurological conditions, yet the response of astrocytes to lipid-rich environments remains unclear. In this study, primary astrocytes isolated from the neonatal rat cortex were exposed to a lipid mixture (LM) comprising cholesterol and various fatty acids to explore their reaction. Our results showed that astrocyte viability remained unchanged following 24 h of 5% or 10% LM treatment. However, exposure to LM for 96 h resulted in reduced cell viability. In addition, LM treatment led to the accumulation of lipid droplets (LDs) in astrocytes, with LD size increasing over prolonged exposure periods. Following 24 h of LM treatment and then 48 h in fresh medium, a significant reduction in intracellular LD size was observed in cultures treated with 5% LM, while no change occurred in cultures exposed to 10% LM. Yet, exposure to 10% LM for 24 h significantly increased the expression of the cholesterol efflux regulatory protein/ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABCA1) gene, responsible for intracellular cholesterol efflux, resulting in reduced cholesterol content within astrocytes. Moreover, LM exposure led to decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and increased levels of mature apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). The smaller LDs were observed to co-localize with microtubule-associated protein 1A/1 B light chain 3 B (LC3) and lysosomal-associated membrane protein-1 (LAMP-1) in LM-treated astrocytes, coinciding with lysosomal acidification. These results indicate that the continuous buildup of LDs in astrocytes residing in lipid-enriched environments may be attributed to disruptions caused by LM in mitochondrial and lysosomal functions. Such disruptions could potentially impede the supportive role of astrocytes in neuronal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chen Li
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ting Fu
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fen Tzeng
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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20
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Lin L, Bi H, Yang J, Shang Y, Lv Q, Zhang D, Huang X, Zhao M, Wang F, Hua L, Chen H, Wu B, Wang X, Peng Z. Pasteurella multocida infection induces blood-brain barrier disruption by decreasing tight junctions and adherens junctions between neighbored brain microvascular endothelial cells. Vet Res 2024; 55:104. [PMID: 39210406 PMCID: PMC11363436 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01351-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Meningitis induced by Pasteurella multocida has been substantially described in clinical practice in both human and veterinary medicine, but the underlying mechanisms have not been previously reported. In this study, we investigated the influence of P. multocida infection on the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) using different models. Our in vivo tests in a mouse model and in vitro tests using human brain microvascular endothelial cell (hBMEC) model showed that P. multocida infection increased murine BBB permeability in mice and hBMEC monolayer permeability. Furthermore, we observed that P. multocida infection resulted in decreased expression of tight junctions (ZO1, claudin-5, occludin) and adherens junctions (E-cadherin) between neighboring hBMECs. Subsequent experiments revealed that P. multocida infection promoted the activation of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)/vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) signaling and NF-κB signaling, and suppressed the HIF-1α/VEGFA significantly remitted the decrease in ZO1/E-cadherin induced by P. multocida infection (P < 0.001). NF-κB signaling was found to contribute to the production of chemokines such as TNF-1α, IL-β, and IL-6. Additionally, transmission electron microscopy revealed that paracellular migration might be the strategy employed by P. multocida to cross the BBB. This study provides the first evidence of the migration strategy used by P. multocida to traverse the mammalian BBB. The data presented herein will contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of the zoonotic pathogen P. multocida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Haixin Bi
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jie Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuyao Shang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qingjie Lv
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Dajun Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xi Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Mengfei Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Fei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lin Hua
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Bin Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiangru Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Zhong Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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21
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Banik M, Ledray AP, Wu Y, Lu Y. Delivering DNA Aptamers Across the Blood-Brain Barrier Reveals Heterogeneous Decreased ATP in Different Brain Regions of Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Models. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2024; 10:1585-1593. [PMID: 39220690 PMCID: PMC11363336 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.4c00563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
DNA aptamers have been developed as sensors to detect metabolites with high sensitivity, selectivity, and biocompatibility. While they are effective in sensing important targets in the brain, the lack of methods for their efficient delivery across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has significantly hindered their applications in brain research. To address this issue, we herein report the development of brain cell-derived exosomes as endogenous BBB delivery vehicles to deliver an ATP-responsive aptamer across the BBB of live mice for noninvasive live brain imaging. We found that the system uses endosome recycling to transfer the sensors between the delivered exosomes and native recycling endosomes, resulting in high delivery efficiencies. Using this system, we observed unique signal distributions for ATP across different brain regions, with significant accumulation in the subiculum and cortex in healthy mice. In an Alzheimer's disease transgenic mouse model, ATP levels decreased in the subiculum and cortex, demonstrating this method's capability to determine metabolite location and relative abundance with high spatial resolution in vivo. Since DNA aptamers have been obtained for many other targets, the method developed in this work can be applied to deliver sensors across the BBB to image a wide range of other brain-related metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandira Banik
- University
of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Aaron P. Ledray
- University
of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yuting Wu
- University
of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yi Lu
- University
of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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22
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Vashishth S, Ambasta RK, Kumar P. Deciphering the microbial map and its implications in the therapeutics of neurodegenerative disorder. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 100:102466. [PMID: 39197710 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
Every facet of biological anthropology, including development, ageing, diseases, and even health maintenance, is influenced by gut microbiota's significant genetic and metabolic capabilities. With current advancements in sequencing technology and with new culture-independent approaches, researchers can surpass older correlative studies and develop mechanism-based studies on microbiome-host interactions. The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) regulates glial functioning, making it a possible target for the improvement of development and advancement of treatments for neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). The gut-brain axis (GBA) is accountable for the reciprocal communication between the gastrointestinal and central nervous system, which plays an essential role in the regulation of physiological processes like controlling hunger, metabolism, and various gastrointestinal functions. Lately, studies have discovered the function of the gut microbiome for brain health-different microbiota through different pathways such as immunological, neurological and metabolic pathways. Additionally, we review the involvement of the neurotransmitters and the gut hormones related to gut microbiota. We also explore the MGBA in neurodegenerative disorders by focusing on metabolites. Further, targeting the blood-brain barrier (BBB), intestinal barrier, meninges, and peripheral immune system is investigated. Lastly, we discuss the therapeutics approach and evaluate the pre-clinical and clinical trial data regarding using prebiotics, probiotics, paraprobiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, personalised medicine, and natural food bioactive in NDDs. A comprehensive study of the GBA will felicitate the creation of efficient therapeutic approaches for treating different NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrutikirti Vashishth
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi 110042, India
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, VUMC, Vanderbilt University, TN, USA
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi 110042, India.
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23
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Chanpura A, Gupta RK, Sriwastava SK, Rahmig J. Diagnostic value of soluble Interleukin-2 receptor in patients suffering neurosarcoidosis: A systematic review. J Cent Nerv Syst Dis 2024; 16:11795735241274186. [PMID: 39193252 PMCID: PMC11348353 DOI: 10.1177/11795735241274186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Neurosarcoidosis is an inflammatory granulomatous disease. Up to 25% of occult sarcoidosis affecting the nervous system are only detected by autopsy. In addition, in recent years the suspicion arose that the soluble Interleukin-2 Receptor (sIL-2R) might be useful in differentiating between neurosarcoidosis and neurosarcoidosis-like diseases such as neurotuberculosis, multiple sclerosis, or cerebral lymphoma. Objectives Therefore, we aimed to systematically review randomized controlled trials (RCT), observational studies, and case-control studies evaluating sIL-2R levels in neurosarcoidosis patients. Design For this systematic review, a comprehensive literature search of electronic databases including EMBASE, The Web Of Science, The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar was conducted. The search was limited to the English language and publication date up to January 08th, 2024. Data Sources and Methods As part of the search strategy conducted, 6 articles met the inclusion criteria. Two independent reviewers extracted the relevant data from each article. In addition, 2 independent reviewers assessed the quality of each study using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Results We included 6 studies comprising 98 patients suffering from neurosarcoidosis, 525 non-sarcoidosis patients, and 118 healthy controls. Included studies were published between 2010 and 2023. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sIL-2R levels differed significantly between neurosarcoidosis patients and multiple sclerosis, vasculitis, and healthy controls whereas serum sIL-2R levels did not reveal sufficient discriminative power. sIL-2R index was able to discriminate neurosarcoidosis from neurotuberculosis, bacterial/viral meningitis, and healthy controls. Conclusions In this systematic review, we found indications that sIL-2R may be a useful biomarker for the diagnosis of neurosarcoidosis. To determine an additional diagnostic value of sIL-2R, large prospective studies are needed that not only examine absolute sIL-2R levels in serum or CSF but also the dynamic changes as well as the implications of renal function on sIL-2R levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Chanpura
- Department of Neurology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Rajesh K. Gupta
- Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shitiz K. Sriwastava
- Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jan Rahmig
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
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24
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Ulger O, Eş I, Proctor CM, Algin O. Stroke studies in large animals: Prospects of mitochondrial transplantation and enhancing efficiency using hydrogels and nanoparticle-assisted delivery. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 100:102469. [PMID: 39191353 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
One of the most frequent reasons for mortality and disability today is acute ischemic stroke, which occurs by an abrupt disruption of cerebral circulation. The intricate damage mechanism involves several factors, such as inflammatory response, disturbance of ion balance, loss of energy production, excessive reactive oxygen species and glutamate release, and finally, neuronal death. Stroke research is now carried out using several experimental models and potential therapeutics. Furthermore, studies are being conducted to address the shortcomings of clinical care. A great deal of research is being done on novel pharmacological drugs, mitochondria targeting compounds, and different approaches including brain cooling and new technologies. Still, there are many unanswered questions about disease modeling and treatment strategies. Before these new approaches may be used in therapeutic settings, they must first be tested on large animals, as most of them have been done on rodents. However, there are several limitations to large animal stroke models used for research. In this review, the damage mechanisms in acute ischemic stroke and experimental acute ischemic stroke models are addressed. The current treatment approaches and promising experimental methods such as mitochondrial transplantation, hydrogel-based interventions, and strategies like mitochondria encapsulation and chemical modification, are also examined in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oner Ulger
- Department of Mitochondria and Cellular Research, Gulhane Health Sciences Institute, University of Health Sciences, Ankara 06010, Turkiye; Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara 06010, Turkiye.
| | - Ismail Eş
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering (IBME), University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Christopher M Proctor
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering (IBME), University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Oktay Algin
- Interventional MR Clinical R&D Institute, Ankara University, Ankara 06100, Turkiye; Department of Radiology, Medical Faculty, Ankara University, Ankara 06100, Turkiye; National MR Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkiye
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25
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Al-Huthaifi AM, Radman BA, Al-Alawi AA, Mahmood F, Liu TB. Mechanisms and Virulence Factors of Cryptococcus neoformans Dissemination to the Central Nervous System. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:586. [PMID: 39194911 DOI: 10.3390/jof10080586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcosis is a prevalent fungal infection of the central nervous system (CNS) caused by Cryptococcus neoformans, a yeast with a polysaccharide capsule in the basidiomycete group. Normally, C. neoformans infects the respiratory tract and then breaches the blood-brain barrier (BBB), leading to meningitis or meningoencephalitis, which leads to hundreds of thousands of deaths each year. Although the mechanism by which C. neoformans infiltrates the BBB to invade the brain has yet to be fully understood, research has revealed that C. neoformans can cross the BBB using transcellular penetration, paracellular traversal, and infected phagocytes (the "Trojan horse" mechanism). The secretion of multiple virulence factors by C. neoformans is crucial in facilitating the spread of infection after breaching the BBB and causing brain infections. Extensive research has shown that various virulence factors play a significant role in the dissemination of infection beyond the lungs. This review explores the mechanisms of C. neoformans entering the CNS and explains how it bypasses the BBB. Additionally, it aims to understand the interplay between the regulatory mechanisms and virulence factors of C. neoformans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bakeel A Radman
- Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510315, China
| | | | - Fawad Mahmood
- Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Tong-Bao Liu
- Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, China
- Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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26
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Villareal JAB, Bathe T, Hery GP, Phillips JL, Tsering W, Prokop S. Deterioration of neuroimmune homeostasis in Alzheimer's Disease patients who survive a COVID-19 infection. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:202. [PMID: 39154174 PMCID: PMC11330027 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03196-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence has implicated systemic infection as a significant risk factor for the development and advancement of Alzheimer's disease (AD). With the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and the resultant pandemic, many individuals from the same aging population vulnerable to AD suffered a severe systemic infection with potentially unidentified long-term consequences for survivors. To study the impact of COVID-19 survival on the brain's intrinsic immune system in a population also suffering from AD, we profiled post-mortem brain tissue from patients in the UF Neuromedicine Human Brain and Tissue Bank with a diagnosis of AD who survived a COVID-19 infection (COVID-AD) and contrasted our findings with AD patients who did not experience a COVID-19 infection, including a group of brain donors who passed away before arrival of SARS-CoV-2 in the United States. We assessed disease-relevant protein pathology and microglial and astrocytic markers by quantitative immunohistochemistry and supplemented these data with whole tissue gene expression analysis performed on the NanoString nCounter® platform. COVID-AD patients showed slightly elevated Aβ burden in the entorhinal, fusiform, and inferior temporal cortices compared to non-COVID-AD patients, while tau pathology burden did not differ between groups. Analysis of microglia revealed a significant loss of microglial homeostasis as well as exacerbated microgliosis in COVID-AD patients compared to non-COVID-AD patients in a brain region-dependent manner. Furthermore, COVID-AD patients showed reduced cortical astrocyte numbers, independent of functional subtype. Transcriptomic analysis supported these histological findings and, in addition, identified a dysregulation of oligodendrocyte and myelination pathways in the hippocampus of COVID-AD patients. In summary, our data demonstrate a profound impact of COVID-19 infection on neuroimmune and glial pathways in AD patients persisting for months post-infection, highlighting the importance of peripheral to central neuroimmune crosstalk in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A B Villareal
- Department of Pathology, Immunology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Tim Bathe
- Department of Pathology, Immunology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Gabriela P Hery
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Jennifer L Phillips
- Department of Pathology, Immunology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Wangchen Tsering
- Department of Pathology, Immunology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Stefan Prokop
- Department of Pathology, Immunology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA.
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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Zeynalzadeh E, Khodadadi E, Khodadadi E, Ahmadian Z, Kazeminava F, Rasoulzadehzali M, Samadi Kafil H. Navigating the neurological frontier: Macromolecular marvels in overcoming blood-brain barrier challenges for advanced drug delivery. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35562. [PMID: 39170552 PMCID: PMC11336773 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain interface poses formidable obstacles in addressing neurological conditions such as Alzheimer's, Multiple Sclerosis, brain cancers, and cerebrovascular accidents. Serving as a safeguard against potential threats in the blood, this barrier hinders direct drug delivery to affected cells, necessitating specialized transport mechanisms. Within the realm of nanotechnology, the creation of nanoscale carriers, including macromolecules such as polymers, lipids, and metallic nanoparticles, is gaining prominence. These carriers, tailored in diverse forms and sizes and enriched with specific functional groups for enhanced penetration and targeting, are capturing growing interest. This revised abstract explores the macromolecular dimension in understanding how nanoparticles interact with the blood-brain barrier. It re-evaluates the structure and function of the blood-brain barrier, highlighting macromolecular nanocarriers utilized in drug delivery to the brain. The discussion delves into the intricate pathways through which drugs navigate the blood-brain barrier, emphasizing the distinctive attributes of macromolecular nanocarriers. Additionally, it explores recent innovations in nanotechnology and unconventional approaches to drug delivery. Ultimately, the paper addresses the intricacies and considerations in developing macromolecular-based nanomedicines for the brain, aiming to advance the creation and evolution of nanomedicines for neurological ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Zeynalzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ehsan Khodadadi
- Drugs Applied Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ehsaneh Khodadadi
- Drugs Applied Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zainab Ahmadian
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Kazeminava
- Drugs Applied Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Monireh Rasoulzadehzali
- Drugs Applied Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Samadi Kafil
- Drugs Applied Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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28
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Lucchini S, Constantinou M, Marino S. Unravelling the mosaic: Epigenetic diversity in glioblastoma. Mol Oncol 2024. [PMID: 39148319 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignant brain tumour. Despite decades of intensive research in the disease, its prognosis remains poor, with an average survival of only 14 months after diagnosis. The remarkable level of intra- and interpatient heterogeneity is certainly contributing to the lack of progress in tackling this tumour. Epigenetic dysregulation plays an important role in glioblastoma biology and significantly contributes to intratumour heterogeneity. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that it also contributes to intertumour heterogeneity, which historically had mainly been linked to diverse genetic events occurring in different patients. In this review, we explore how DNA methylation, chromatin remodelling, microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation, and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) alterations contribute to intertumour heterogeneity in glioblastoma, including its implications for advanced tumour stratification, which is the essential first step for developing more effective patient-specific therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lucchini
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Myrianni Constantinou
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Silvia Marino
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
- Barts Brain Tumour Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
- Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
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29
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Han J, Wang Y, Wei P, Lu D, Shan Y. Unveiling the hidden connection: the blood-brain barrier's role in epilepsy. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1413023. [PMID: 39206290 PMCID: PMC11349696 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1413023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is characterized by abnormal synchronous electrical activity of neurons in the brain. The blood-brain barrier, which is mainly composed of endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes and other cell types and is formed by connections between a variety of cells, is the key physiological structure connecting the blood and brain tissue and is critical for maintaining the microenvironment in the brain. Physiologically, the blood-brain barrier controls the microenvironment in the brain mainly by regulating the passage of various substances. Disruption of the blood-brain barrier and increased leakage of specific substances, which ultimately leading to weakened cell junctions and abnormal regulation of ion concentrations, have been observed during the development and progression of epilepsy in both clinical studies and animal models. In addition, disruption of the blood-brain barrier increases drug resistance through interference with drug trafficking mechanisms. The changes in the blood-brain barrier in epilepsy mainly affect molecular pathways associated with angiogenesis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Further research on biomarkers is a promising direction for the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yongzhi Shan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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30
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Ramos Ferrer P, Sakiyama-Elbert S. Affinity-based drug delivery systems for the central nervous system: exploiting molecular interactions for local, precise targeting. J Neural Eng 2024; 21:041004. [PMID: 39059438 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ad680a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Objective: The effective treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders remains a significant challenge, primarily due to its molecular and structural complexity. Clinical translation of promising therapeutic agents is limited by the lack of optimal drug delivery systems capable of targeted, localized release of drugs to the brain and spinal cord.Approach: This review provides an overview of the potential of affinity-based drug delivery systems, which leverage molecular interactions to enhance the delivery and efficacy of therapeutic agents within the CNS.Main results: Various approaches, including hydrogels, micro- and nanoparticles, and functionalized biomaterials, are examined for their ability to provide local, sustained release of proteins, growth factors and other drugs.Significance: Furthermore, we present a detailed analysis of design considerations for developing effective affinity-based systems, incorporating insights from both existing literature and our group's research. These considerations include the biochemical modification of delivery vehicles and the optimization of physical and chemical properties to improve therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Ramos Ferrer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Shelly Sakiyama-Elbert
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
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31
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Lee DH, Lee EC, Park SW, Lee JY, Lee MR, Oh JS. Pathogenesis of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: Role of the Glymphatic System Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8752. [PMID: 39201439 PMCID: PMC11354389 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a group of pathologies that affect the cerebral blood vessels. CSVD accounts for 25% of strokes and contributes to 45% of dementia. However, the pathogenesis of CSVD remains unclear, involving a variety of complex mechanisms. CSVD may result from dysfunction in the glymphatic system (GS). The GS contains aquaporin-4 (AQP-4), which is in the perivascular space, at the endfeet of the astrocyte. The GS contributes to the removal of waste products from the central nervous system, occupying perivascular spaces and regulating the exchange and movement of cerebrospinal fluid and interstitial fluid. The GS involves astrocytes and aquaporin channels, which are components of the blood-brain barrier, and problems with them may constitute the pathogenesis of CSVD. Vascular risk factors, including diabetes, dilate the perivascular space, disrupting the glymphatic system and the active regulation of AQP-4. CSVD exacerbation due to disorders of the GS is associated with multiple vasculopathies. Dysfunction of the glymphatic system and AQP-4 interferes with the functioning of the blood-brain barrier, which exacerbates CSVD. In a long-term follow-up of CSVD patients with microbleeds, lacunar infarcts, and white matter hyperintensity, several vascular risk factors, including hypertension, increased the risk of ischemic stroke. Dysfunction of the GS may be the cause of CSVD; however, the underlying treatment needs to be studied further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hun Lee
- Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daro, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Chae Lee
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Won Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, 271 Cheonbo-ro, Uijeongbu 11765, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, 271 Cheonbo-ro, Uijeongbu 11765, Republic of Korea
| | - Man Ryul Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sang Oh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, 271 Cheonbo-ro, Uijeongbu 11765, Republic of Korea
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32
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Gondáš E, Baranovičová E, Šofranko J, Murín R. Hyperglycemia Stimulates the Irreversible Catabolism of Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Generation of Ketone Bodies by Cultured Human Astrocytes. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1803. [PMID: 39200266 PMCID: PMC11351101 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are considered to possess a noticeable role in brain metabolism and, as a partners in neuron-glia cooperation, to contribute to the synthesis, bioconversion, and regulation of the flux of substrates for neuronal metabolism. With the aim of investigating to what extent human astrocytes are metabolizing amino acids and by which compounds are they enriching their surroundings, we employed a metabolomics analysis of their culture media by 1H-NMR. In addition, we compared the composition of media with either 5 mM or 25 mM glucose. The quantitative analysis of culture media by 1H-NMR revealed that astrocytes readily dispose from their milieu glutamine, branched-chain amino acids, and pyruvate with significantly high rates, while they enrich the culture media with lactate, branched-chain keto acids, citrate, acetate, ketone bodies, and alanine. Hyperglycemia suppressed the capacity of astrocytes to release branched-chain 2-oxo acids, while stimulating the generation of ketone bodies. Our results highlight the active involvement of astrocytes in the metabolism of several amino acids and the regulation of key metabolic intermediates. The observed metabolic activities of astrocytes provide valuable insights into their roles in supporting neuronal function, brain metabolism, and intercellular metabolic interactions within the brain. Understanding the complex metabolic interactions between astrocytes and neurons is essential for elucidating brain homeostasis and the pathophysiology of neurological disorders. The observed metabolic activities of astrocytes provide hints about their putative metabolic roles in brain metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Gondáš
- Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 4D, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 4D, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Eva Baranovičová
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 4D, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Jakub Šofranko
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 4D, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Radovan Murín
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 4D, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
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33
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Khan MS, Wong GL, Zhuang C, Najjar MK, Lo HW. Crosstalk between breast cancer-derived microRNAs and brain microenvironmental cells in breast cancer brain metastasis. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1436942. [PMID: 39175471 PMCID: PMC11338853 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1436942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequent malignancy in women, constituting 15.2% of all new cancers diagnosed in the United States. Distant breast cancer metastasis accounts for the majority of breast cancer-related deaths; brain metastasis is the third most common site for metastatic breast cancer but is associated with worst prognosis of approximately eight months of survival. Current treatment options for breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM) are limited and ineffective. To help identify new and effective therapies for BCBM, it is important to investigate the mechanisms by which breast cancer cells metastasize to the brain and thrive in the brain microenvironment. To this end, studies have reported that primary breast tumor cells can prime brain microenvironmental cells, including, astrocytes and microglia, to promote the formation of BCBM through the release of extracellular vesicle-microRNAs (miRNAs). Breast tumor-derived miRNAs can also promote breast cancer cell invasion through the blood-brain barrier by disrupting the integrity of the brain microvascular endothelial cells. In this review, we summarize current literature on breast cancer-derived BCBM-promoting miRNAs, cover their roles in the complex steps of BCBM particularly their interactions with microenvironmental cells within the brain metastatic niche, and finally discuss their therapeutic applications in the management of BCBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munazza S. Khan
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Grace L. Wong
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Chuling Zhuang
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mariana K. Najjar
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Hui-Wen Lo
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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34
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Bonada M, Pittarello M, De Fazio E, Gans A, Alimonti P, Slika H, Legnani F, Di Meco F, Tyler B. Pediatric Hemispheric High-Grade Gliomas and H3.3-G34 Mutation: A Review of the Literature on Biological Features and New Therapeutic Strategies. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:1038. [PMID: 39202398 PMCID: PMC11353413 DOI: 10.3390/genes15081038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Pediatric high-grade glioma (pHGG) encompasses a wide range of gliomas with different genomic, epigenomic, and transcriptomic features. Almost 50% of pHGGs present a mutation in genes coding for histone 3, including the subtype harboring the H3.3-G34 mutation. In this context, histone mutations are frequently associated with mutations in TP53 and ATRX, along with PDGFRA and NOTCH2NL amplifications. Moreover, the H3.3-G34 histone mutation induces epigenetic changes in immune-related genes and exerts modulatory functions on the microenvironment. Also, the functionality of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has an impact on treatment response. The prognosis remains poor with conventional treatments, thus eliciting the investigation of additional and alternative therapies. Promising molecular targets include PDGFRA amplification, BRAF mutation, EGFR amplification, NF1 loss, and IDH mutation. Considering that pHGGs harboring the H3.3-G34R mutation appear to be more susceptible to immunotherapies (ITs), different options have been recently explored, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, antibody mediated IT, and Car-T cells. This review aims to summarize the knowledge concerning cancer biology and cancer-immune cell interaction in this set of pediatric gliomas, with a focus on possible therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bonada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (F.L.); (F.D.M.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan School of Medicine, Via Rudini 8, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Matilde Pittarello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072 Milan, Italy;
| | - Emerson De Fazio
- Department of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University School of Medicine, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Gans
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan School of Medicine, Via Rudini 8, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- ASST Ovest Milanese, Neurology and Stroke Unit, Neuroscience Department, 20025 Legnano, Italy
| | - Paolo Alimonti
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02120, USA;
| | - Hasan Slika
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA;
| | - Federico Legnani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (F.L.); (F.D.M.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan School of Medicine, Via Rudini 8, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Francesco Di Meco
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.B.); (F.L.); (F.D.M.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan School of Medicine, Via Rudini 8, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA;
| | - Betty Tyler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA;
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Wei L, Mast FD, Aitchison JD, Kaushansky A. Systems-level reconstruction of kinase phosphosignaling networks regulating endothelial barrier integrity using temporal data. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.01.606198. [PMID: 39149238 PMCID: PMC11326140 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.01.606198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Phosphosignaling networks control cellular processes. We built kinase-mediated regulatory networks elicited by thrombin stimulation of brain endothelial cells using two computational strategies: Temporal Pathway Synthesizer (TPS), which uses phosphoproetiomics data as input, and Temporally REsolved KInase Network Generation (TREKING), which uses kinase inhibitor screens. TPS and TREKING predicted overlapping barrier-regulatory kinases connected with unique network topology. Each strategy effectively describes regulatory signaling networks and is broadly applicable across biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wei
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, United States
| | - Fred D. Mast
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, United States
| | - John D. Aitchison
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, United States
| | - Alexis Kaushansky
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, United States
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, United States
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36
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Miao K, Xia X, Zou Y, Shi B. Small Scale, Big Impact: Nanotechnology-Enhanced Drug Delivery for Brain Diseases. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:3777-3799. [PMID: 39038108 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) diseases, ranging from brain cancers to neurodegenerative disorders like dementia and acute conditions such as strokes, have been heavily burdening healthcare and have a direct impact on patient quality of life. A significant hurdle in developing effective treatments is the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a highly selective barrier that prevents most drugs from reaching the brain. The tight junctions and adherens junctions between the endothelial cells and various receptors expressed on the cells make the BBB form a nonfenestrated and highly selective structure that is crucial for brain homeostasis but complicates drug delivery. Nanotechnology offers a novel pathway to circumvent this barrier, with nanoparticles engineered to ferry drugs across the BBB, protect drugs from degradation, and deliver medications to the designated area. After years of development, nanoparticle optimization, including sizes, shapes, surface modifications, and targeting ligands, can enable nanomaterials tailored to specific brain drug delivery settings. Moreover, smart nano drug delivery systems can respond to endogenous and exogenous stimuli that control subsequent drug release. Here, we address the importance of the BBB in brain disease treatment, summarize different delivery routes for brain drug delivery, discuss the cutting-edge nanotechnology-based strategies for brain drug delivery, and further offer valuable insights into how these innovations in nanoparticle technology could revolutionize the treatment of CNS diseases, presenting a promising avenue for noninvasive, targeted therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiting Miao
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Human Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Xue Xia
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Human Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Yan Zou
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Human Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Bingyang Shi
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Human Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
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37
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Zhao Y, Pan J, Han B, Hou W, Li B, Wang J, Wang G, He Y, Ma M, Zhou J, Yu C, Sun SK. Ultrahigh-Resolution Visualization of Vascular Heterogeneity in Brain Tumors via Magnetic Nanoparticles-Enhanced Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 39094075 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c02611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
The precise assessment of vascular heterogeneity in brain tumors is vital for diagnosing, grading, predicting progression, and guiding treatment decisions. However, currently, there is a significant shortage of high-resolution imaging approaches. Herein, we propose a contrast-enhanced susceptibility-weighted imaging (CE-SWI) utilizing the minimalist dextran-modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Dextran@Fe3O4 NPs) for ultrahigh-resolution mapping of vasculature in brain tumors. The Dextran@Fe3O4 NPs are prepared via a facile coprecipitation method under room temperature, and exhibit small hydrodynamic size (28 nm), good solubility, excellent biocompatibility, and high transverse relaxivity (r2*, 159.7 mM-1 s-1) under 9.4 T magnetic field. The Dextran@Fe3O4 NPs-enhanced SWI can increase the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of cerebral vessels to 2.5 times that before injection and achieves ultrahigh-spatial-resolution visualization of microvessels as small as 0.1 mm in diameter. This advanced imaging capability not only allows for the detailed mapping of both enlarged peritumoral drainage vessels and the intratumoral microvessels, but also facilitates the sensitive imaging detection of vascular permeability deterioration in a C6 cells-bearing rat glioblastoma model. Our proposed Dextran@Fe3O4 NPs-enhanced SWI provides a powerful imaging technique with great clinical translation potential for the precise theranostics of brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jinbin Pan
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Wenjing Hou
- Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Ultrasonography, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Bingjie Li
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Jiaojiao Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Guohe Wang
- School of Medical Imaging, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300204, China
| | - Yujing He
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Min Ma
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Junzi Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Chunshui Yu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Shao-Kai Sun
- School of Medical Imaging, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300204, China
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38
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Gedam M, Zheng H. Complement C3aR signaling: Immune and metabolic modulation and its impact on Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350815. [PMID: 38778507 PMCID: PMC11305912 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia among the elderly population. Despite its widespread prevalence, our comprehension of the intricate mechanisms governing the pathogenesis of the disease remains incomplete, posing a challenge for the development of efficient therapies. Pathologically characterized by the presence of amyloid β plaques and neurofibrillary tau tangles, AD is also accompanied by the hyperactivation of glial cells and the immune system. The complement cascade, the evolutionarily conserved innate immune pathway, has emerged as a significant contributor to AD. This review focuses on one of the complement components, the C3a receptor (C3aR), covering its structure, ligand-receptor interaction, intracellular signaling and its functional consequences. Drawing insights from cellular and AD mouse model studies, we present the multifaceted role of complement C3aR signaling in AD and attempt to convey to the readers that C3aR acts as a crucial immune and metabolic modulator to influence AD pathogenesis. Building on this framework, the objective of this review is to inform future research endeavors and facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies for this challenging condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasee Gedam
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hui Zheng
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Liu R, Collier JM, Abdul-Rahman NH, Capuk O, Zhang Z, Begum G. Dysregulation of Ion Channels and Transporters and Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Dementia. Aging Dis 2024; 15:1748-1770. [PMID: 38300642 PMCID: PMC11272208 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.1201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a critical role in maintaining ion and fluid homeostasis, essential for brain metabolism and neuronal function. Regulation of nutrient, water, and ion transport across the BBB is tightly controlled by specialized ion transporters and channels located within its unique cellular components. These dynamic transport processes not only influence the BBB's structure but also impact vital signaling mechanisms, essential for its optimal function. Disruption in ion, pH, and fluid balance at the BBB is associated with brain pathology and has been implicated in various neurological conditions, including stroke, epilepsy, trauma, and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, knowledge gaps exist regarding the impact of ion transport dysregulation on BBB function in neurodegenerative dementias. Several factors contribute to this gap: the complex nature of these conditions, historical research focus on neuronal mechanisms and technical challenges in studying the ion transport mechanisms in in vivo models and the lack of efficient in vitro BBB dementia models. This review provides an overview of current research on the roles of ion transporters and channels at the BBB and poses specific research questions: 1) How are the expression and activity of key ion transporters altered in AD and vascular dementia (VaD); 2) Do these changes contribute to BBB dysfunction and disease progression; and 3) Can restoring ion transport function mitigate BBB dysfunction and improve clinical outcomes. Addressing these gaps will provide a greater insight into the vascular pathology of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijia Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
- Department of Neurology, The Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Jenelle M Collier
- Department of Neurology, The Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | | | - Okan Capuk
- Department of Neurology, The Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Zhongling Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Gulnaz Begum
- Department of Neurology, The Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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40
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Shekarabi A, Qureishy I, Puglisi CH, Dalseth M, Vuong HE. Host-microbe interactions: communication in the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Curr Opin Microbiol 2024; 80:102494. [PMID: 38824840 PMCID: PMC11323153 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2024.102494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Animals harbor a diverse array of symbiotic micro-organisms that coexist in communities across different body sites. These microbes maintain host homeostasis and respond to environmental insults to impact host physiological processes. Trillions of indigenous microbes reside in the gastrointestinal tract and engage with the host central nervous system (microbiota-gut-brain axis) by modulating immune responses, interacting with gut intrinsic and extrinsic nervous system, and regulating neuromodulators and biochemicals. These gut microbiota to brain signaling pathways are constantly informed by each other and are hypothesized to mediate brain health across the lifespan. In this review, we will examine the crosstalk of gut microbiota to brain communications in neurological pathologies, with an emphasis on microbial metabolites and neuromodulators, and provide a discussion of recent advances that help elucidate the microbiota as a therapeutic target for treating brain and behavioral disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryan Shekarabi
- University of Minnesota Twin-Cities, Department of Pediatrics, Neonatology Division, USA
| | - Izhan Qureishy
- University of Minnesota Twin-Cities, Department of Pediatrics, Neonatology Division, USA
| | - Chloe H Puglisi
- University of Minnesota Twin-Cities, Department of Pediatrics, Neonatology Division, USA
| | - Marge Dalseth
- University of Minnesota Twin-Cities, Department of Pediatrics, Neonatology Division, USA
| | - Helen E Vuong
- University of Minnesota Twin-Cities, Department of Pediatrics, Neonatology Division, USA.
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Pramotton FM, Spitz S, Kamm RD. Challenges and Future Perspectives in Modeling Neurodegenerative Diseases Using Organ-on-a-Chip Technology. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2403892. [PMID: 38922799 PMCID: PMC11348103 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) affect more than 50 million people worldwide, posing a significant global health challenge as well as a high socioeconomic burden. With aging constituting one of the main risk factors for some NDDs such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), this societal toll is expected to rise considering the predicted increase in the aging population as well as the limited progress in the development of effective therapeutics. To address the high failure rates in clinical trials, legislative changes permitting the use of alternatives to traditional pre-clinical in vivo models are implemented. In this regard, microphysiological systems (MPS) such as organ-on-a-chip (OoC) platforms constitute a promising tool, due to their ability to mimic complex and human-specific tissue niches in vitro. This review summarizes the current progress in modeling NDDs using OoC technology and discusses five critical aspects still insufficiently addressed in OoC models to date. Taking these aspects into consideration in the future MPS will advance the modeling of NDDs in vitro and increase their translational value in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Michela Pramotton
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Biological EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Sarah Spitz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Biological EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Roger D. Kamm
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Biological EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
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Shastri D, Raj V, Lee S. Revolutionizing Alzheimer's treatment: Harnessing human serum albumin for targeted drug delivery and therapy advancements. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 99:102379. [PMID: 38901740 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder initiated by amyloid-beta (Aβ) accumulation, leading to impaired cognitive function. Several delivery approaches have been improved for AD management. Among them, human serum albumin (HSA) is broadly employed for drug delivery and targeting the Aβ in AD owing to its biocompatibility, Aβ inhibitory effect, and nanoform, which showed blood-brain barrier (BBB) crossing ability via glycoprotein 60 (gp60) receptor and secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) protein to transfer the drug molecules in the brain. Thus far, there is no previous review focusing on HSA and its drug delivery system in AD. Hence, the reviewed article aimed to critically compile the HSA therapeutic as well as drug delivery role in AD management. It also delivers information on how HSA-incorporated nanoparticles with surfaced embedded ligands such as TAT, GM1, and so on, not only improve BBB permeability but also increase neuron cell targetability in AD brain. Additionally, Aβ and tau pathology, including various metabolic markers likely BACE1 and BACE2, etc., are discussed. Besides, the molecular interaction of HSA with Aβ and its distinctive forms are critically reviewed that HSA can segregate Zn(II) and Cu(II) metal ions from Aβ owing to high affinity. Furthermore, the BBB drug delivery challenges in AD are addressed. Finally, the clinical formulation of HSA for the management of AD is critically discussed on how the HSA inhibits Aβ oligomer and fibril, while glycated HSA participates in amyloid plaque formation, i.e., β-structure sheet formation. This review report provides theoretical background on HSA-based AD drug delivery and makes suggestions for future prospect-related work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Shastri
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, the Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 42601, the Republic of Korea
| | - Vinit Raj
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Sangkil Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, the Republic of Korea.
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Li H, Guan M, Zhang NN, Wang Y, Liang T, Wu H, Wang C, Sun T, Liu S. Harnessing nanomedicine for modulating microglial states in the central nervous system disorders: Challenges and opportunities. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:117011. [PMID: 38917758 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglia are essential for maintaining homeostasis and responding to pathological events in the central nervous system (CNS). Their dynamic and multidimensional states in different environments are pivotal factors in various CNS disorders. However, therapeutic modulation of microglial states is challenging due to the intricate balance these cells maintain in the CNS environment and the blood-brain barrier's restriction of drug delivery. Nanomedicine presents a promising avenue for addressing these challenges, offering a method for the targeted and efficient modulation of microglial states. This review covers the challenges faced in microglial therapeutic modulation and potential use of nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems. We provide an in-depth examination of nanoparticle applications for modulating microglial states in a range of CNS disorders, encompassing neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases, infections, traumatic injuries, stroke, tumors, chronic pain, and psychiatric conditions. This review highlights the recent advancements and future prospects in nanomedicine for microglial modulation, paving the way for future research and clinical applications of therapeutic interventions in CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haisong Li
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Meng Guan
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ning-Ning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yizhuo Wang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Tingting Liang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Haitao Wu
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chang Wang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Tianmeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, Jilin, China; International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Shuhan Liu
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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44
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Mulay AR, Hwang J, Kim DH. Microphysiological Blood-Brain Barrier Systems for Disease Modeling and Drug Development. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303180. [PMID: 38430211 PMCID: PMC11338747 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly controlled microenvironment that regulates the interactions between cerebral blood and brain tissue. Due to its selectivity, many therapeutics targeting various neurological disorders are not able to penetrate into brain tissue. Pre-clinical studies using animals and other in vitro platforms have not shown the ability to fully replicate the human BBB leading to the failure of a majority of therapeutics in clinical trials. However, recent innovations in vitro and ex vivo modeling called organs-on-chips have shown the potential to create more accurate disease models for improved drug development. These microfluidic platforms induce physiological stressors on cultured cells and are able to generate more physiologically accurate BBBs compared to previous in vitro models. In this review, different approaches to create BBBs-on-chips are explored alongside their application in modeling various neurological disorders and potential therapeutic efficacy. Additionally, organs-on-chips use in BBB drug delivery studies is discussed, and advances in linking brain organs-on-chips onto multiorgan platforms to mimic organ crosstalk are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atharva R. Mulay
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
| | - Jihyun Hwang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205
- Center for Microphysiological Systems, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 21218
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45
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Berthold A, Lloyd VK. Changes in the Transcriptome and Long Non-Coding RNAs but Not the Methylome Occur in Human Cells Exposed to Borrelia burgdorferi. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:1010. [PMID: 39202370 PMCID: PMC11353914 DOI: 10.3390/genes15081010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Lyme disease, caused by infection with members of the Lyme borreliosis group of Borrelia spirochete bacteria, is increasing in frequency and distribution worldwide. Epigenetic interactions between the mammalian host, tick, and bacterial pathogen are poorly understood. In this study, high-throughput next-generation sequencing (NGS) allowed for the in vitro study of the transcriptome, non-coding RNAs, and methylome in human host cells in response to Borrelia burgdorferi infection. We tested the effect of the Borrelia burgdorferi strain B31 on a human primary cell line (HUVEC) and an immortalized cell line (HEK-293) for 72 h, a long-duration time that might allow for epigenetic responses in the exposed human host cells. Differential gene expression was detected in both cell models in response to B. burgdorferi. More differentially expressed genes were found in HUVECs compared to HEK-293 cells. Borrelia burgdorferi exposure significantly induced genes in the interferon, in addition to cytokine and other immune response signaling in HUVECs. In HEK-293 cells, pre-NOTCH processing in Golgi was significantly downregulated in Borrelia-exposed cells. Other significantly altered gene expressions were found in genes involved in the extracellular matrix. No significant global methylation changes were detected in HUVECs or HEK-293 cells exposed to B. burgdorferi; however, two long non-coding RNAs and a pseudogene were deregulated in response to B. burgdorferi in HUVECs, suggesting that other epigenetic mechanisms may be initiated by infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vett K. Lloyd
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB E4L 1G7, Canada;
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46
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Salvador AFM, Abduljawad N, Kipnis J. Meningeal Lymphatics in Central Nervous System Diseases. Annu Rev Neurosci 2024; 47:323-344. [PMID: 38648267 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-113023-103045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Since its recent discovery, the meningeal lymphatic system has reshaped our understanding of central nervous system (CNS) fluid exchange, waste clearance, immune cell trafficking, and immune privilege. Meningeal lymphatics have also been demonstrated to functionally modify the outcome of neurological disorders and their responses to treatment, including brain tumors, inflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis, CNS injuries, and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. In this review, we discuss recent evidence of the contribution of meningeal lymphatics to neurological diseases, as well as the available experimental methods for manipulating meningeal lymphatics in these conditions. Finally, we also provide a discussion of the pressing questions and challenges in utilizing meningeal lymphatics as a prime target for CNS therapeutic intervention and possibly drug delivery for brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Francesca M Salvador
- Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center and Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA;
| | - Nora Abduljawad
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center and Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA;
| | - Jonathan Kipnis
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center and Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA;
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47
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Ye D, Chukwu C, Yang Y, Hu Z, Chen H. Adeno-associated virus vector delivery to the brain: Technology advancements and clinical applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 211:115363. [PMID: 38906479 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors have emerged as a promising tool in the development of gene therapies for various neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. However, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) poses a significant challenge to successfully delivering AAV vectors to the brain. Strategies that can overcome the BBB to improve the AAV delivery efficiency to the brain are essential to successful brain-targeted gene therapy. This review provides an overview of existing strategies employed for AAV delivery to the brain, including direct intraparenchymal injection, intra-cerebral spinal fluid injection, intranasal delivery, and intravenous injection of BBB-permeable AAVs. Focused ultrasound has emerged as a promising technology for the noninvasive and spatially targeted delivery of AAV administered by intravenous injection. This review also summarizes each strategy's current preclinical and clinical applications in treating neurological diseases. Moreover, this review includes a detailed discussion of the recent advances in the emerging focused ultrasound-mediated AAV delivery. Understanding the state-of-the-art of these gene delivery approaches is critical for future technology development to fulfill the great promise of AAV in neurological disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhuang Ye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Chinwendu Chukwu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Yaoheng Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Zhongtao Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110 USA; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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48
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Jacob SM, Lee S, Kim SH, Sharkey KA, Pfeffer G, Nguyen MD. Brain-body mechanisms contribute to sexual dimorphism in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Nat Rev Neurol 2024; 20:475-494. [PMID: 38965379 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-024-00991-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common form of human motor neuron disease. It is characterized by the progressive degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons, leading to generalized motor weakness and, ultimately, respiratory paralysis and death within 3-5 years. The disease is shaped by genetics, age, sex and environmental stressors, but no cure or routine biomarkers exist for the disease. Male individuals have a higher propensity to develop ALS, and a different manifestation of the disease phenotype, than female individuals. However, the mechanisms underlying these sex differences remain a mystery. In this Review, we summarize the epidemiology of ALS, examine the sexually dimorphic presentation of the disease and highlight the genetic variants and molecular pathways that might contribute to sex differences in humans and animal models of ALS. We advance the idea that sexual dimorphism in ALS arises from the interactions between the CNS and peripheral organs, involving vascular, metabolic, endocrine, musculoskeletal and immune systems, which are strikingly different between male and female individuals. Finally, we review the response to treatments in ALS and discuss the potential to implement future personalized therapeutic strategies for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Jacob
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sukyoung Lee
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Seung Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Keith A Sharkey
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gerald Pfeffer
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Minh Dang Nguyen
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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Sharallah OA, Poddar NK, Alwadan OA. Delineation of the role of G6PD in Alzheimer's disease and potential enhancement through microfluidic and nanoparticle approaches. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 99:102394. [PMID: 38950868 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative pathologic entity characterized by the abnormal presence of tau and macromolecular Aβ deposition that leads to the degeneration or death of neurons. In addition to that, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) has a multifaceted role in the process of AD development, where it can be used as both a marker and a target. G6PD activity is dysregulated due to its contribution to oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neuronal death. In this context, the current review presents a vivid depiction of recent findings on the relationship between AD progression and changes in the expression or activity of G6PD. The efficacy of the proposed G6PD-based therapeutics has been demonstrated in multiple studies using AD mouse models as representative animal model systems for cognitive decline and neurodegeneration associated with this disease. Innovative therapeutic insights are made for the boosting of G6PD activity via novel innovative nanotechnology and microfluidics tools in drug administration technology. Such approaches provide innovative methods of surpassing the blood-brain barrier, targeting step-by-step specific neural pathways, and overcoming biochemical disturbances that accompany AD. Using different nanoparticles loaded with G6DP to target specific organs, e.g., G6DP-loaded liposomes, enhances BBB penetration and brain distribution of G6DP. Many nanoparticles, which are used for different purposes, are briefly discussed in the paper. Such methods to mimic BBB on organs on-chip offer precise disease modeling and drug testing using microfluidic chips, requiring lower sample amounts and producing faster findings compared to conventional techniques. There are other contributions to microfluid in AD that are discussed briefly. However, there are some limitations accompanying microfluidics that need to be worked on to be used for AD. This study aims to bridge the gap in understanding AD with the synergistic use of promising technologies; microfluid and nanotechnology for future advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omnya A Sharallah
- PharmD Program, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (EJUST), New Borg El Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - Nitesh Kumar Poddar
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Dehmi Kalan, Jaipur-Ajmer Expressway, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303007, India.
| | - Omnia A Alwadan
- PharmD Program, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (EJUST), New Borg El Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
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Cunha S, Bicker J, Sereno J, Falcão A, Fortuna A. Blood brain barrier dysfunction in healthy aging and dementia: Why, how, what for? Ageing Res Rev 2024; 99:102395. [PMID: 38950867 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
The blood brain barrier (BBB) is an indispensable structure that maintains the central nervous system (CNS) microenvironment for a correct neuronal function. It is composed by highly specialized microvessels, surrounded by astrocytes, pericytes, neurons and microglia cells, which tightly control the influx and efflux of substances to the brain parenchyma. During aging, the BBB becomes impaired, and it may contribute to the development of neurodegenerative and neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. Restoring the BBB can be a strategy to prevent disease onset and development, reducing the symptoms of these conditions. This work critically reviews the major mechanisms underlying BBB breakdown in healthy and unhealthy aging, as well as biomarkers and methodologies that accurately assess its impairment. Complementarily, potential therapeutic targets are discussed as new strategies to restore the normal function of the BBB in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Cunha
- Faculty of Pharmacy, FFUC, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal
| | - Joana Bicker
- Faculty of Pharmacy, FFUC, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal; CIBIT - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Sereno
- CIBIT - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Amílcar Falcão
- Faculty of Pharmacy, FFUC, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal; CIBIT - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Fortuna
- Faculty of Pharmacy, FFUC, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal; CIBIT - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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