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Navarro-Lobato I, Masmudi-Martín M, López-Aranda MF, López-Téllez JF, Delgado G, Granados-Durán P, Gaona-Romero C, Carretero-Rey M, Posadas S, Quiros-Ortega ME, Khan ZU. Promotion of structural plasticity in area V2 of visual cortex prevents against object recognition memory deficits in aging and Alzheimer's disease rodents. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1835-1841. [PMID: 38103251 PMCID: PMC10960297 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.389301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202408000-00038/figure1/v/2023-12-16T180322Z/r/image-tiff Memory deficit, which is often associated with aging and many psychiatric, neurological, and neurodegenerative diseases, has been a challenging issue for treatment. Up till now, all potential drug candidates have failed to produce satisfactory effects. Therefore, in the search for a solution, we found that a treatment with the gene corresponding to the RGS14414 protein in visual area V2, a brain area connected with brain circuits of the ventral stream and the medial temporal lobe, which is crucial for object recognition memory (ORM), can induce enhancement of ORM. In this study, we demonstrated that the same treatment with RGS14414 in visual area V2, which is relatively unaffected in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, produced long-lasting enhancement of ORM in young animals and prevent ORM deficits in rodent models of aging and Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, we found that the prevention of memory deficits was mediated through the upregulation of neuronal arborization and spine density, as well as an increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). A knockdown of BDNF gene in RGS14414-treated aging rats and Alzheimer's disease model mice caused complete loss in the upregulation of neuronal structural plasticity and in the prevention of ORM deficits. These findings suggest that BDNF-mediated neuronal structural plasticity in area V2 is crucial in the prevention of memory deficits in RGS14414-treated rodent models of aging and Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, our findings of RGS14414 gene-mediated activation of neuronal circuits in visual area V2 have therapeutic relevance in the treatment of memory deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Navarro-Lobato
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigaciones Médico Sanitarias (CIMES), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Mariam Masmudi-Martín
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigaciones Médico Sanitarias (CIMES), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Manuel F. López-Aranda
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigaciones Médico Sanitarias (CIMES), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Juan F. López-Téllez
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigaciones Médico Sanitarias (CIMES), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Gloria Delgado
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigaciones Médico Sanitarias (CIMES), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Pablo Granados-Durán
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigaciones Médico Sanitarias (CIMES), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Celia Gaona-Romero
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigaciones Médico Sanitarias (CIMES), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Marta Carretero-Rey
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigaciones Médico Sanitarias (CIMES), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Sinforiano Posadas
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigaciones Médico Sanitarias (CIMES), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - María E. Quiros-Ortega
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigaciones Médico Sanitarias (CIMES), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Zafar U. Khan
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigaciones Médico Sanitarias (CIMES), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Hagena H, Manahan-Vaughan D. Interplay of hippocampal long-term potentiation and long-term depression in enabling memory representations. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230229. [PMID: 38853558 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) are Hebbian forms of synaptic plasticity that are widely believed to comprise the physiological correlates of associative learning. They comprise a persistent, input-specific increase or decrease, respectively, in synaptic efficacy that, in rodents, can be followed for days and weeks in vivo. Persistent (>24 h) LTP and LTD exhibit distinct frequency-dependencies and molecular profiles in the hippocampal subfields. Moreover, causal and genetic studies in behaving rodents indicate that both LTP and LTD fulfil specific and complementary roles in the acquisition and retention of spatial memory. LTP is likely to be responsible for the generation of a record of spatial experience, which may serve as an associative schema that can be re-used to expedite or facilitate subsequent learning. In contrast, LTD may enable modification and dynamic updating of this representation, such that detailed spatial content information is included and the schema is rendered unique and distinguishable from other similar representations. Together, LTP and LTD engage in a dynamic interplay that supports the generation of complex associative memories that are resistant to generalization. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Long-term potentiation: 50 years on'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardy Hagena
- Medical Faculty, Department of Neurophysiology, Ruhr University Bochum , Bochum 44780, Germany
| | - Denise Manahan-Vaughan
- Medical Faculty, Department of Neurophysiology, Ruhr University Bochum , Bochum 44780, Germany
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Ge Q, Zhou S, Porras J, Fu P, Wang T, Du J, Li K. SARS-CoV-2 neurotropism-induced anxiety/depression-like behaviors require Microglia activation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.10.02.560570. [PMID: 37873397 PMCID: PMC10592887 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.02.560570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been associated with a wide range of "long COVID" neurological symptoms. However, the mechanisms governing SARS-CoV-2 neurotropism and its effects on long-term behavioral changes remain poorly understood. Using a highly virulent mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 strain, denoted as SARS2-N501Y MA30 , we demonstrated that intranasal inoculation of SARS2-N501Y MA30 results in viral dissemination to multiple brain regions, including the amygdala and hippocampus. Behavioral assays indicated a marked elevation in anxiety- and depression-like behaviors post infection. A comparative analysis of RNA expression profiles disclosed alterations in the post-infected brains. Additionally, we observed dendritic spine remodeling on neurons within the amygdala after infection. Infection with SARS2-N501Y MA30 was associated with microglial activation and a subsequent increase in microglia-dependent neuronal activity in the amygdala. Pharmacological inhibition of microglial activity subsequent to viral spike inoculation mitigates microglia-dependent neuronal hyperactivity. Transcriptomic analysis of infected brains revealed the upregulation of inflammatory and cytokine-related pathways, implicating microglia-driven neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of neuronal hyperactivity and behavioral abnormality. Overall, these data provide critical insights into the neurological consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection and underscore microglia as a potential therapeutic target for ameliorating virus-induced neurobehavioral abnormalities.
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Xing Y, Shi H, Gao X, Zhu X, Zhang D, Fang L, Wang J, Liu C, Wu D, Wang X, Min W. Walnut-Derived Peptides Alleviate Learning and Memory Impairments in a Mice Model via Inhibition of Microglia Phagocytose Synapses. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38853533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Microglia phagocytose synapses have an important effect on the pathogenesis of neurological disorders. Here, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of the walnut-derived peptide, TWLPLPR(TW-7), against LPS-induced cognitive deficits in mice and explored the underlying C1q-mediated microglia phagocytose synapses mechanisms in LPS-treated HT22 cells. The MWM showed that TW-7 improved the learning and memory capacity of the LPS-injured mice. Both transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescence analysis illustrated that synaptic density and morphology were increased while associated with the decreased colocalized synapses with C1q. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence demonstrated that TW-7 effectively reduced the microglia phagocytosis of synapses. Subsequently, overexpression of C1q gene plasmid was used to verify the contribution of the TW-7 via the classical complement pathway-regulated mitochondrial function-mediated microglia phagocytose synapses in LPS-treated HT22 cells. These data suggested that TW-7 improved the learning and memory capability of LPS-induced cognitively impaired mice through a mechanism associated with the classical complement pathway-mediated microglia phagocytose synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihang Xing
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Haoyuan Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Xi Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Dingwen Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Li Fang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Ji Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Chunlei Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Dan Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Xiyan Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Weihong Min
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, P. R. China
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Kong LW, Brewer GA, Lai YC. Reservoir-computing based associative memory and itinerancy for complex dynamical attractors. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4840. [PMID: 38844437 PMCID: PMC11156990 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49190-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditional neural network models of associative memories were used to store and retrieve static patterns. We develop reservoir-computing based memories for complex dynamical attractors, under two common recalling scenarios in neuropsychology: location-addressable with an index channel and content-addressable without such a channel. We demonstrate that, for location-addressable retrieval, a single reservoir computing machine can memorize a large number of periodic and chaotic attractors, each retrievable with a specific index value. We articulate control strategies to achieve successful switching among the attractors, unveil the mechanism behind failed switching, and uncover various scaling behaviors between the number of stored attractors and the reservoir network size. For content-addressable retrieval, we exploit multistability with cue signals, where the stored attractors coexist in the high-dimensional phase space of the reservoir network. As the length of the cue signal increases through a critical value, a high success rate can be achieved. The work provides foundational insights into developing long-term memories and itinerancy for complex dynamical patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Wei Kong
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Gene A Brewer
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Ying-Cheng Lai
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA.
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA.
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Matúš D, Lopez JM, Sando RC, Südhof TC. Essential Role of Latrophilin-1 Adhesion GPCR Nanoclusters in Inhibitory Synapses. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1978232024. [PMID: 38684366 PMCID: PMC11154861 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1978-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Latrophilin-1 (Lphn1, aka CIRL1 and CL1; gene symbol Adgrl1) is an adhesion GPCR that has been implicated in excitatory synaptic transmission as a candidate receptor for α-latrotoxin. Here we analyzed conditional knock-in/knock-out mice for Lphn1 that contain an extracellular myc epitope tag. Mice of both sexes were used in all experiments. Surprisingly, we found that Lphn1 is localized in cultured neurons to synaptic nanoclusters that are present in both excitatory and inhibitory synapses. Conditional deletion of Lphn1 in cultured neurons failed to elicit a detectable impairment in excitatory synapses but produced a decrease in inhibitory synapse numbers and synaptic transmission that was most pronounced for synapses close to the neuronal soma. No changes in axonal or dendritic outgrowth or branching were observed. Our data indicate that Lphn1 is among the few postsynaptic adhesion molecules that are present in both excitatory and inhibitory synapses and that Lphn1 by itself is not essential for excitatory synaptic transmission but is required for some inhibitory synaptic connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Matúš
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Jaybree M Lopez
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240
| | - Richard C Sando
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240
| | - Thomas C Südhof
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
- Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
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Kong H, Han YY, Yang GL, Li K, Yu L, Xie XK, Xia GY, Wei PJ, Zhang WR, Li CH. Tenuifolin improves learning and memory by regulating long-term potentiation and dendritic structure of hippocampal CA1 area in healthy female mice but not male mice. Behav Brain Res 2024; 466:114974. [PMID: 38554850 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.114974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Polygala tenuifolia Wild is an ancient traditional Chinese medicine. Its main component, tenuifolin (TEN), has been proven to improve cognitive impairment caused by neurodegenerative diseases and ovariectomy. However, there was hardly any pharmacological research about TEN and its potential gender differences. Considering the reduction of TEN on learning and memory dysfunction in ovariectomized animals, therefore, we focused on the impact of TEN in different mice genders in the current study. Spontaneous alternation behavior (SAB), light-dark discrimination, and Morris water maze (MWM) tests were used to evaluate the mice's learning and memory abilities. The field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) of the hippocampal CA1 region was recorded using an electrophysiological method, and the morphology of the dendritic structure was examined using Golgi staining. In the behavioral experiments, TEN improved the correct rate in female mice in the SAB test, the correct rate in the light-dark discrimination test, and the number of crossing platforms in the MWM test. Additionally, TEN reduced the latency of female mice rather than male mice in light-dark discrimination and MWM tests. Moreover, TEN could significantly increase the slope of fEPSP in hippocampal Schaffer-CA1 and enhance the total length and the number of intersections of dendrites in the hippocampal CA1 area in female mice but not in male mice. Collectively, the results of the current study showed that TEN improved learning and memory by regulating long-term potentiation (LTP) and dendritic structure of hippocampal CA1 area in female mice but not in males. These findings would help to explore the improvement mechanism of TEN on cognition and expand the knowledge of the potential therapeutic value of TEN in the treatment of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Kong
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Han
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gai-Ling Yang
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kang Li
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Yu
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xun-Kai Xie
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang-Yuan Xia
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng-Ju Wei
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Chu-Hua Li
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
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8
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Flores JC, Zito K. A synapse-specific refractory period for plasticity at individual dendritic spines. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.24.595787. [PMID: 38826343 PMCID: PMC11142223 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.24.595787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
How newly formed memories are preserved while brain plasticity is ongoing has been a source of debate. One idea is that synapses which experienced recent plasticity become resistant to further plasticity, a type of metaplasticity often referred to as saturation. Here, we probe the local dendritic mechanisms that limit plasticity at recently potentiated synapses. We show that recently potentiated individual synapses exhibit a synapse-specific refractory period for further potentiation. We further found that the refractory period is associated with reduced postsynaptic CaMKII signaling; however, stronger synaptic activation only partially restored the ability for further plasticity. Importantly, the refractory period is released after one hour, a timing that coincides with the enrichment of several postsynaptic proteins to pre-plasticity levels. Notably, increasing the level of the postsynaptic scaffolding protein, PSD95, but not of PSD93, overcomes the refractory period. Our results support a model in which potentiation at a single synapse is sufficient to initiate a synapse-specific refractory period that persists until key postsynaptic proteins regain their steady-state synaptic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C. Flores
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, CA 95618
| | - Karen Zito
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, CA 95618
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Turrel O, Gao L, Sigrist SJ. Presynaptic regulators in memory formation. Learn Mem 2024; 31:a054013. [PMID: 38862173 PMCID: PMC11199941 DOI: 10.1101/lm.054013.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The intricate molecular and structural sequences guiding the formation and consolidation of memories within neuronal circuits remain largely elusive. In this study, we investigate the roles of two pivotal presynaptic regulators, the small GTPase Rab3, enriched at synaptic vesicles, and the cell adhesion protein Neurexin-1, in the formation of distinct memory phases within the Drosophila mushroom body Kenyon cells. Our findings suggest that both proteins play crucial roles in memory-supporting processes within the presynaptic terminal, operating within distinct plasticity modules. These modules likely encompass remodeling and maturation of existing active zones (AZs), as well as the formation of new AZs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriane Turrel
- Institute for Biology, Genetics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lili Gao
- Institute for Biology, Genetics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan J Sigrist
- Institute for Biology, Genetics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence NeuroCure, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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10
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Ayyubova G, Fazal N. Beneficial versus Detrimental Effects of Complement-Microglial Interactions in Alzheimer's Disease. Brain Sci 2024; 14:434. [PMID: 38790413 PMCID: PMC11119363 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14050434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Research indicates that brain-region-specific synapse loss and dysfunction are early hallmarks and stronger neurobiological correlates of cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD) than amyloid plaque and neurofibrillary tangle counts or neuronal loss. Even though the precise mechanisms underlying increased synaptic pruning in AD are still unknown, it has been confirmed that dysregulation of the balance between complement activation and inhibition is a crucial driver of its pathology. The complement includes three distinct activation mechanisms, with the activation products C3a and C5a, potent inflammatory effectors, and a membrane attack complex (MAC) leading to cell lysis. Besides pro-inflammatory cytokines, the dysregulated complement proteins released by activated microglia bind to amyloid β at the synaptic regions and cause the microglia to engulf the synapses. Additionally, research indicating that microglia-removed synapses are not always degenerating and that suppression of synaptic engulfment can repair cognitive deficits points to an essential opportunity for intervention that can prevent the loss of intact synapses. In this study, we focus on the latest research on the role and mechanisms of complement-mediated microglial synaptic pruning at different stages of AD to find the right targets that could interfere with complement dysregulation and be relevant for therapeutic intervention at the early stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunel Ayyubova
- Department of Cytology, Embryology and Histology, Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku 370022, Azerbaijan;
| | - Nadeem Fazal
- College of Health Sciences and Pharmacy, Chicago State University, Chicago, IL 60628, USA
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11
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Chang YC, Gao Y, Lee JY, Peng YJ, Langen J, Chang KT. Identification of secretory autophagy as a mechanism modulating activity-induced synaptic remodeling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2315958121. [PMID: 38588427 PMCID: PMC11032469 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2315958121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The ability of neurons to rapidly remodel their synaptic structure and strength in response to neuronal activity is highly conserved across species and crucial for complex brain functions. However, mechanisms required to elicit and coordinate the acute, activity-dependent structural changes across synapses are not well understood, as neurodevelopment and structural plasticity are tightly linked. Here, using an RNAi screen in Drosophila against genes affecting nervous system functions in humans, we uncouple cellular processes important for synaptic plasticity and synapse development. We find mutations associated with neurodegenerative and mental health disorders are 2-times more likely to affect activity-induced synaptic remodeling than synapse development. We report that while both synapse development and activity-induced synaptic remodeling at the fly NMJ require macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy), bifurcation in the autophagy pathway differentially impacts development and synaptic plasticity. We demonstrate that neuronal activity enhances autophagy activation but diminishes degradative autophagy, thereby driving the pathway towards autophagy-based secretion. Presynaptic knockdown of Snap29, Sec22, or Rab8, proteins implicated in the secretory autophagy pathway, is sufficient to abolish activity-induced synaptic remodeling. This study uncovers secretory autophagy as a transsynaptic signaling mechanism modulating synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ching Chang
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90033
| | - Yuan Gao
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90033
| | - Joo Yeun Lee
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90033
| | - Yi-Jheng Peng
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90033
| | - Jennifer Langen
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90033
| | - Karen T. Chang
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90033
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90033
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12
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Masmudi-Martín M, López-Aranda MF, Navarro-Lobato I, Khan ZU. A role of frontal association cortex in long-term object recognition memory of objects with complex features in rats. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:1743-1752. [PMID: 38238909 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Perirhinal cortex is a brain area that has been considered crucial for the object recognition memory (ORM). However, with the use of an ORM enhancer named RGS14414 as gain-in-function tool, we show here that frontal association cortex and not the Perirhinal cortex is essential for the ORM of objects with complex features that consisted of detailed drawing on the object surface (complex ORM). An expression of RGS14414, in rat brain frontal association cortex, induced the formation of long-term complex ORM, whereas the expression of the same memory enhancer in Perirhinal cortex failed to produce this effect. Instead, RGS14414 expression in Perirhinal cortex caused the formation of ORM of objects with simple features that consisted of the shape of object (simple ORM). Further, a selective elimination of frontal association cortex neurons by treatment with an immunotoxin Ox7-SAP completely abrogated the formation of complex ORM. Thus, our results suggest that frontal association cortex plays a key role in processing of a high-order recognition memory information in brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Masmudi-Martín
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, CIMES, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- Brain Metastasis Group, National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel F López-Aranda
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, CIMES, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Irene Navarro-Lobato
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, CIMES, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Zafar U Khan
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, CIMES, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- CIBERNED, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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13
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Al-Juhani A, Imran M, Aljaili ZK, Alzhrani MM, Alsalman RA, Ahmed M, Ali DK, Fallatah MI, Yousuf HM, Dajani LM. Beyond the Pump: A Narrative Study Exploring Heart Memory. Cureus 2024; 16:e59385. [PMID: 38694651 PMCID: PMC11061817 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The field of organ transplantation, particularly heart transplantation, has brought to light interesting phenomena challenging traditional understandings of memory, identity, and consciousness. Studies indicate that heart transplant recipients may exhibit preferences, emotions, and memories resembling those of the donors, suggesting a form of memory storage within the transplanted organ. Mechanisms proposed for this memory transfer include cellular memory, epigenetic modifications, and energetic interactions. Moreover, the heart's intricate neural network, often referred to as the "heart brain," communicates bidirectionally with the brain and other organs, supporting the concept of heart-brain connection and its role in memory and personality. Additionally, observations from hemispherectomy procedures highlight the brain's remarkable plasticity and functional preservation beyond expectations, further underscoring the complex interplay between the brain, body, and identity. However, ethical and philosophical questions regarding the implications of these findings, including the definition of death and the nature of personal identity, remain unresolved. Further interdisciplinary research is needed to unravel the intricacies of memory transfer, neuroplasticity, and organ integration, offering insights into both organ transplantation and broader aspects of neuroscience and human identity. Understanding these complexities holds promise for enhancing patient care in organ transplantation and deepens our understanding of fundamental aspects of human experience and existence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zeyad K Aljaili
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, SAU
| | | | | | - Marwah Ahmed
- College of Medicine, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Dana K Ali
- College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, SAU
| | - Mutaz I Fallatah
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, SAU
| | - Hamad M Yousuf
- College of Medicine, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Leena M Dajani
- College of Medicine, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, BHR
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14
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Jovasevic V, Wood EM, Cicvaric A, Zhang H, Petrovic Z, Carboncino A, Parker KK, Bassett TE, Moltesen M, Yamawaki N, Login H, Kalucka J, Sananbenesi F, Zhang X, Fischer A, Radulovic J. Formation of memory assemblies through the DNA-sensing TLR9 pathway. Nature 2024; 628:145-153. [PMID: 38538785 PMCID: PMC10990941 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07220-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
As hippocampal neurons respond to diverse types of information1, a subset assembles into microcircuits representing a memory2. Those neurons typically undergo energy-intensive molecular adaptations, occasionally resulting in transient DNA damage3-5. Here we found discrete clusters of excitatory hippocampal CA1 neurons with persistent double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) breaks, nuclear envelope ruptures and perinuclear release of histone and dsDNA fragments hours after learning. Following these early events, some neurons acquired an inflammatory phenotype involving activation of TLR9 signalling and accumulation of centrosomal DNA damage repair complexes6. Neuron-specific knockdown of Tlr9 impaired memory while blunting contextual fear conditioning-induced changes of gene expression in specific clusters of excitatory CA1 neurons. Notably, TLR9 had an essential role in centrosome function, including DNA damage repair, ciliogenesis and build-up of perineuronal nets. We demonstrate a novel cascade of learning-induced molecular events in discrete neuronal clusters undergoing dsDNA damage and TLR9-mediated repair, resulting in their recruitment to memory circuits. With compromised TLR9 function, this fundamental memory mechanism becomes a gateway to genomic instability and cognitive impairments implicated in accelerated senescence, psychiatric disorders and neurodegenerative disorders. Maintaining the integrity of TLR9 inflammatory signalling thus emerges as a promising preventive strategy for neurocognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Jovasevic
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Wood
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ana Cicvaric
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Zorica Petrovic
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Anna Carboncino
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Kendra K Parker
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Thomas E Bassett
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Maria Moltesen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- PROMEMO, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- DANDRITE, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Naoki Yamawaki
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- PROMEMO, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- DANDRITE, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hande Login
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- PROMEMO, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- DANDRITE, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Joanna Kalucka
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- PROMEMO, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- DANDRITE, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Farahnaz Sananbenesi
- Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence MBExC, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Xusheng Zhang
- Computational Genomics Core, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Andre Fischer
- Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence MBExC, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jelena Radulovic
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
- PROMEMO, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
- DANDRITE, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Psychiatry Research Institute Montefiore Einstein (PRIME), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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15
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Masmudi‐Martín M, Navarro‐Lobato I, López‐Aranda MF, Quiros‐Ortega ME, Carretero‐Rey M, Garcia‐Garrido MF, López Téllez JF, Jiménez‐Recuerda I, Muñoz de Leon López CA, Khan ZU. Brain areas interconnected to ventral pathway circuits are independently able to induce enhancement in object recognition memory and cause reversal in object recognition memory deficit. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14727. [PMID: 38644593 PMCID: PMC11033489 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Ventral pathway circuits are constituted by the interconnected brain areas that are distributed throughout the brain. These brain circuits are primarily involved in processing of object related information in brain. However, their role in object recognition memory (ORM) enhancement remains unknown. Here, we have studied on the implication of these circuits in ORM enhancement and in reversal of ORM deficit in aging. METHODS The brain areas interconnected to ventral pathway circuits in rat brain were activated by an expression of a protein called regulator of G-protein signaling 14 of 414 amino acids (RGS14414). RGS14414 is an ORM enhancer and therefore used here as a gain-in-function tool. ORM test and immunohistochemistry, lesions, neuronal arborization, and knockdown studies were performed to uncover the novel function of ventral pathway circuits. RESULTS An activation of each of the brain areas interconnected to ventral pathway circuits individually induced enhancement in ORM; however, same treatment in brain areas not interconnected to ventral pathway circuits produced no effect. Further study in perirhinal cortex (PRh), area V2 of visual cortex and frontal cortex (FrC), which are brain areas that have been shown to be involved in ORM and are interconnected to ventral pathway circuits, revealed that ORM enhancement seen after the activation of any one of the three brain areas was unaffected by the lesions in other two brain areas either individually in each area or even concurrently in both areas. This ORM enhancement in all three brain areas was associated to increase in structural plasticity of pyramidal neurons where more than 2-fold higher dendritic spines were observed. Additionally, we found that an activation of either PRh, area V2, or FrC not only was adequate but also was sufficient for the reversal of ORM deficit in aging rats, and the blockade of RGS14414 activity led to loss in increase in dendritic spine density and failure in reversal of ORM deficit. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that brain areas interconnected to ventral pathway circuits facilitate ORM enhancement by an increase in synaptic connectivity between the local brain area circuits and the passing by ventral pathway circuits and an upregulation in activity of ventral pathway circuits. In addition, the finding of the reversal of ORM deficit through activation of an interconnected brain area might serve as a platform for developing not only therapy against memory deficits but also strategies for other brain diseases in which neuronal circuits are compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Masmudi‐Martín
- Laboratory of NeurobiologyCIMESUniversity of MalagaMalagaSpain
- Department of MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of MalagaMalagaSpain
- Present address:
Brain Metastasis GroupNational Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | - Irene Navarro‐Lobato
- Laboratory of NeurobiologyCIMESUniversity of MalagaMalagaSpain
- Department of MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of MalagaMalagaSpain
| | - Manuel F. López‐Aranda
- Laboratory of NeurobiologyCIMESUniversity of MalagaMalagaSpain
- Department of MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of MalagaMalagaSpain
- Present address:
Departmento de Biología celular, Genética y FisiologíaUniversidad de MálagaMálagaMálagaSpain
| | - María E. Quiros‐Ortega
- Laboratory of NeurobiologyCIMESUniversity of MalagaMalagaSpain
- Department of MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of MalagaMalagaSpain
| | - Marta Carretero‐Rey
- Laboratory of NeurobiologyCIMESUniversity of MalagaMalagaSpain
- Department of MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of MalagaMalagaSpain
| | - María F. Garcia‐Garrido
- Laboratory of NeurobiologyCIMESUniversity of MalagaMalagaSpain
- Department of MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of MalagaMalagaSpain
| | - Juan F. López Téllez
- Laboratory of NeurobiologyCIMESUniversity of MalagaMalagaSpain
- Department of MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of MalagaMalagaSpain
| | - Inmaculada Jiménez‐Recuerda
- Laboratory of NeurobiologyCIMESUniversity of MalagaMalagaSpain
- Department of MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of MalagaMalagaSpain
| | - Cristina A. Muñoz de Leon López
- Laboratory of NeurobiologyCIMESUniversity of MalagaMalagaSpain
- Department of MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of MalagaMalagaSpain
| | - Zafar U. Khan
- Laboratory of NeurobiologyCIMESUniversity of MalagaMalagaSpain
- Department of MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of MalagaMalagaSpain
- CIBERNEDInstitute of Health Carlos IIIMadridSpain
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16
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Espadas I, Wingfield JL, Nakahata Y, Chanda K, Grinman E, Ghosh I, Bauer KE, Raveendra B, Kiebler MA, Yasuda R, Rangaraju V, Puthanveettil S. Synaptically-targeted long non-coding RNA SLAMR promotes structural plasticity by increasing translation and CaMKII activity. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2694. [PMID: 38538603 PMCID: PMC10973417 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46972-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in maintaining cell homeostasis and function. However, it remains largely unknown whether and how neuronal activity impacts the transcriptional regulation of lncRNAs, or if this leads to synapse-related changes and contributes to the formation of long-term memories. Here, we report the identification of a lncRNA, SLAMR, which becomes enriched in CA1-hippocampal neurons upon contextual fear conditioning but not in CA3 neurons. SLAMR is transported along dendrites via the molecular motor KIF5C and is recruited to the synapse upon stimulation. Loss of function of SLAMR reduces dendritic complexity and impairs activity-dependent changes in spine structural plasticity and translation. Gain of function of SLAMR, in contrast, enhances dendritic complexity, spine density, and translation. Analyses of the SLAMR interactome reveal its association with CaMKIIα protein through a 220-nucleotide element also involved in SLAMR transport. A CaMKII reporter reveals a basal reduction in CaMKII activity with SLAMR loss-of-function. Furthermore, the selective loss of SLAMR function in CA1 disrupts the consolidation of fear memory in male mice, without affecting their acquisition, recall, or extinction, or spatial memory. Together, these results provide new molecular and functional insight into activity-dependent changes at the synapse and consolidation of contextual fear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Espadas
- Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Jenna L Wingfield
- Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | | | - Kaushik Chanda
- Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Eddie Grinman
- Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Ilika Ghosh
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Karl E Bauer
- Biomedical Center, Department for Cell Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Medical Faculty, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Bindu Raveendra
- Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Michael A Kiebler
- Biomedical Center, Department for Cell Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Medical Faculty, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ryohei Yasuda
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | | | - Sathyanarayanan Puthanveettil
- Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL, USA.
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17
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Zhang L, Chen Y, Fan Y, Shi L. Treadmill exercise pretreatment ameliorated structural synaptic plasticity impairments of medial prefrontal cortex in vascular dementia rat and improved recognition memory. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7116. [PMID: 38531892 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57080-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate structural synaptic plasticity in the medial prefrontal cortex of rats under treadmill exercise pretreatment or naive conditions in a vascular dementia model, followed by recognition memory performance in a novel object recognition task. In this study, 24 Sprague-Dawley rats were obtained and randomly assigned into 4 groups as follows: control group (Con group, n = 6), vascular dementia (VD group, n = 6), exercise and vascular dementia group (Exe + VD group, n = 6), and exercise group (Exe group, n = 6). Initially, 4 weeks of treadmill exercise intervention was administered to the rats in the Exe + VD and Exe groups. Then, to establish the vascular dementia model, the rats both in the VD and Exe + VD groups were subjected to bilateral common carotids arteries surgery. One week later, open-field task and novel recognition memory task were adopted to evaluate anxiety-like behavior and recognition memory in each group. Then, immunofluorescence and Golgi staining were used to evaluate neuronal number and spine density in the rat medial prefrontal cortex. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the synaptic ultrastructure. Finally, microdialysis coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography was used to assess the levels of 5-HT and dopamine in the medial prefrontal cortex. The behavior results showed that 4 weeks of treadmill exercise pretreatment significantly alleviated recognition memory impairment and anxiety-like behavior in VD rats (P < 0.01), while the rats in VD group exhibited impaired recognition memory and anxiety-like behavior when compared with the Con group (P < 0.001). Additionally, NeuN immunostaining results revealed a significant decrease of NeuN-marked neuron in the VD group compared to Con group (P < 0.01), but a significantly increase in this molecular marker was found in the Exe + VD group compared to the Con group (P < 0.01). Golgi staining results showed that the medial prefrontal cortex neurons in the VD group displayed fewer dendritic spines than those in the Con group (P < 0.01), and there were more spines on the dendrites of medial prefrontal cortex cells in Exe + VD rats than in VD rats (P < 0.01). Transmission electron microscopy further revealed that there was a significant reduction of synapses intensity in the medial prefrontal cortex of rats in the VD group when compared with the Con group(P < 0.01), but physical exercise was found to significantly increased synapses intensity in the VD model (P < 0.01). Lastly, the levels of dopamine and 5-HT in the medial prefrontal cortex of rats in the VD group was significantly lower compared to the Con group (P < 0.01), and treadmill exercise was shown to significantly increased the levels of dopamine and 5-HT in the VD rats (P < 0.05). Treadmill exercise pretreatment ameliorated structural synaptic plasticity impairments of medial prefrontal cortex in VD rat and improved recognition memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Zhang
- Department of Physical Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Psychology and Education, Shantou Polytechnic, Shantou, 515071, China
| | - Yongzhao Fan
- Department of Physical Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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18
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Perooli FM, Wilkinson KA, Pring K, Hanley JG. An essential role for the RNA helicase DDX6 in NMDA receptor-dependent gene silencing and dendritic spine shrinkage. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3066. [PMID: 38321143 PMCID: PMC10847504 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53484-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) repress translation of target mRNAs by associating with Argonaute (Ago) proteins in the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) to modulate protein expression. Specific miRNAs are required for NMDA receptor (NMDAR)-dependent synaptic plasticity by repressing the translation of proteins involved in dendritic spine morphogenesis. Rapid NMDAR-dependent silencing of Limk1 is essential for spine shrinkage and requires Ago2 phosphorylation at S387. Not all gene silencing events are modulated by S387 phosphorylation, and the mechanisms that govern the selection of specific mRNAs for silencing downstream of S387 phosphorylation are unknown. Here, we show that NMDAR-dependent S387 phosphorylation causes a rapid and transient increase in the association of Ago2 with Limk1, but not Apt1 mRNA. The specific increase in Limk1 mRNA binding to Ago2 requires recruitment of the helicase DDX6 to RISC. Furthermore, we show that DDX6 is required for NMDAR-dependent silencing of Limk1 via miR-134, but not Apt1 via miR-138, and is essential for NMDAR-dependent spine shrinkage. This work defines a novel mechanism for the rapid transduction of NMDAR stimulation into miRNA-mediated translational repression of specific genes to control dendritic spine morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathima M Perooli
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Kevin A Wilkinson
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Kate Pring
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Jonathan G Hanley
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
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19
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Zhu X, Joo Y, Bossi S, McDevitt RA, Xie A, Wang Y, Xue Y, Su S, Lee SK, Sah N, Zhang S, Ye R, Pinto A, Zhang Y, Araki K, Araki M, Morales M, Mattson MP, van Praag H, Wang W. Tdrd3-null mice show post-transcriptional and behavioral impairments associated with neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity. Prog Neurobiol 2024; 233:102568. [PMID: 38216113 PMCID: PMC10922770 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2024.102568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The Topoisomerase 3B (Top3b) - Tudor domain containing 3 (Tdrd3) protein complex is the only dual-activity topoisomerase complex that can alter both DNA and RNA topology in animals. TOP3B mutations in humans are associated with schizophrenia, autism and cognitive disorders; and Top3b-null mice exhibit several phenotypes observed in animal models of psychiatric and cognitive disorders, including impaired cognitive and emotional behaviors, aberrant neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity, and transcriptional defects. Similarly, human TDRD3 genomic variants have been associated with schizophrenia, verbal short-term memory and educational attainment. However, the importance of Tdrd3 in normal brain function has not been examined in animal models. Here we generated a Tdrd3-null mouse strain and demonstrate that these mice display both shared and unique defects when compared to Top3b-null mice. Shared defects were observed in cognitive behaviors, synaptic plasticity, adult neurogenesis, newborn neuron morphology, and neuronal activity-dependent transcription; whereas defects unique to Tdrd3-deficient mice include hyperactivity, changes in anxiety-like behaviors, olfaction, increased new neuron complexity, and reduced myelination. Interestingly, multiple genes critical for neurodevelopment and cognitive function exhibit reduced levels in mature but not nascent transcripts. We infer that the entire Top3b-Tdrd3 complex is essential for normal brain function, and that defective post-transcriptional regulation could contribute to cognitive and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingliang Zhu
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Yuyoung Joo
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Simone Bossi
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Ross A McDevitt
- Comparative Medicine Section, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Aoji Xie
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Yue Wang
- Lab of Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Yutong Xue
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Shuaikun Su
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Seung Kyu Lee
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Nirnath Sah
- Lab of Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Shiliang Zhang
- Confocal and Electron Microscopy Core, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institute of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Rong Ye
- Confocal and Electron Microscopy Core, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institute of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Alejandro Pinto
- Stiles-Nicholson Brain Institute, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Kimi Araki
- Division of Developmental Genetics, Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1, Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Masatake Araki
- Division of Genomics, Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1, Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Marisela Morales
- Confocal and Electron Microscopy Core, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institute of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Mark P Mattson
- Lab of Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Henriette van Praag
- Stiles-Nicholson Brain Institute, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Weidong Wang
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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20
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Batista AF, Khan KA, Papavergi MT, Lemere CA. The Importance of Complement-Mediated Immune Signaling in Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:817. [PMID: 38255891 PMCID: PMC10815224 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
As an essential component of our innate immune system, the complement system is responsible for our defense against pathogens. The complement cascade has complex roles in the central nervous system (CNS), most of what we know about it stems from its role in brain development. However, in recent years, numerous reports have implicated the classical complement cascade in both brain development and decline. More specifically, complement dysfunction has been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is the most common form of dementia. Synapse loss is one of the main pathological hallmarks of AD and correlates with memory impairment. Throughout the course of AD progression, synapses are tagged with complement proteins and are consequently removed by microglia that express complement receptors. Notably, astrocytes are also capable of secreting signals that induce the expression of complement proteins in the CNS. Both astrocytes and microglia are implicated in neuroinflammation, another hallmark of AD pathogenesis. In this review, we provide an overview of previously known and newly established roles for the complement cascade in the CNS and we explore how complement interactions with microglia, astrocytes, and other risk factors such as TREM2 and ApoE4 modulate the processes of neurodegeneration in both amyloid and tau models of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- André F. Batista
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.F.B.); (K.A.K.); (M.-T.P.)
| | - Khyrul A. Khan
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.F.B.); (K.A.K.); (M.-T.P.)
| | - Maria-Tzousi Papavergi
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.F.B.); (K.A.K.); (M.-T.P.)
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Cynthia A. Lemere
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.F.B.); (K.A.K.); (M.-T.P.)
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21
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Yang Y, Chen X, Yang C, Liu M, Huang Q, Yang L, Wang Y, Feng H, Gao Z, Chen T. Chemogenetic stimulation of intact corticospinal tract during rehabilitative training promotes circuit rewiring and functional recovery after stroke. Exp Neurol 2024; 371:114603. [PMID: 37923187 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuromodulatory techniques have been proven to enhance functional recovery after stroke in patients and animals, such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). However, the success and feasibility of these approaches were often variable, largely due to a lack of target specificity. OBJECTIVE We explored the effects of specific chemogenetic stimulation of intact corticospinal tract during rehabilitative training on functional recovery after stroke in mice. METHODS We developed a viral-based intersectional targeting approach that allows specific chemogentic activation of contralateral hindlimb corticospinal neurons (CSNs) in a photothrombotic stroke model. RESULTS We demonstrated that specific chemogenetic activation of CSNs, when combined with daily rehabilitation training, leads to significant skilled motor functional recovery via promoting corticospinal tract (CST) axons midline crossing sprouting from intact to the denervated spinal hemicord, and rewiring new functional circuits by new synapse formation. Mechanistically, we revealed that combined chemogenetic stimulation of CSNs and daily rehabilitation training significantly enhanced the mTOR activity of CSNs. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the great potential of specific neural activation protocols in combination with motor training for the recovery of skilled motor functions after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China; Department of Neurosurgery, The 904(th) Hospital of PLA, Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xuezhu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Chuanyan Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904(th) Hospital of PLA, Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qianying Huang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Likun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904(th) Hospital of PLA, Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuhai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 904(th) Hospital of PLA, Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Zhongyang Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 31003, China.
| | - Tunan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
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22
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Atta-Ur-Rahman. Protein Folding and Molecular Basis of Memory: Molecular Vibrations and Quantum Entanglement as Basis of Consciousness. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:258-265. [PMID: 37424348 DOI: 10.2174/0929867331666230707123345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Atta-Ur-Rahman
- Kings College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1st, United Kingdom
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
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23
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Chang YC, Gao Y, Lee JY, Langen J, Chang KT. Identification of secretory autophagy as a novel mechanism modulating activity-induced synaptic remodeling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.06.560931. [PMID: 38328055 PMCID: PMC10849665 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.06.560931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The ability of neurons to rapidly remodel their synaptic structure and strength in response to neuronal activity is highly conserved across species and crucial for complex brain functions. However, mechanisms required to elicit and coordinate the acute, activity-dependent structural changes across synapses are not well understood. Here, using an RNAi screen in Drosophila against genes affecting nervous system functions in humans, we uncouple cellular processes important for synaptic plasticity from synapse development. We find mutations associated with neurodegenerative and mental health disorders are 2-times more likely to affect activity-induced synaptic remodeling than synapse development. We further demonstrate that neuronal activity stimulates autophagy activation but diminishes degradative autophagy, thereby driving the pathway towards autophagy-based secretion. Presynaptic knockdown of Snap29, Sec22, or Rab8, proteins implicated in the secretory autophagy pathway, is sufficient to abolish activity-induced synaptic remodeling. This study uncovers secretory autophagy as a novel trans-synaptic signaling mechanism modulating structural plasticity.
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24
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Arshavsky YI. Memory: Synaptic or Cellular, That Is the Question. Neuroscientist 2023; 29:538-553. [PMID: 35713238 DOI: 10.1177/10738584221086488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
According to the commonly accepted opinion, memory engrams are formed and stored at the level of neural networks due to a change in the strength of synaptic connections between neurons. This hypothesis of synaptic plasticity (HSP), formulated by Donald Hebb in the 1940s, continues to dominate the directions of experimental studies and the interpretations of experimental results in the field. The universal acceptance of the HSP has transformed it from a hypothesis into an incontrovertible theory. In this article, I show that the entire body of experimental and clinical data obtained in studies of long-term memory in mammals and humans is inconsistent with the HSP. Instead, these data suggest that long-term memory is formed and stored at the intracellular level where it is reliably protected from ongoing synaptic activity, including pathological epileptic activity. It seems that the generally accepted HSP became a serious obstacle to understanding the mechanisms of memory and that progress in this field requires rethinking this doctrine and shifting experimental efforts toward exploring the intracellular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri I Arshavsky
- BioCircuits Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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25
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Underwood EL, Redell JB, Hood KN, Maynard ME, Hylin M, Waxham MN, Zhao J, Moore AN, Dash PK. Enhanced presynaptic mitochondrial energy production is required for memory formation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14431. [PMID: 37660191 PMCID: PMC10475119 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40877-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Some of the prominent features of long-term memory formation include protein synthesis, gene expression, enhanced neurotransmitter release, increased excitability, and formation of new synapses. As these processes are critically dependent on mitochondrial function, we hypothesized that increased mitochondrial respiration and dynamics would play a prominent role in memory formation. To address this possibility, we measured mitochondrial oxygen consumption (OCR) in hippocampal tissue punches from trained and untrained animals. Our results show that context fear training significantly increased basal, ATP synthesis-linked, and maximal OCR in the Shaffer collateral-CA1 synaptic region, but not in the CA1 cell body layer. These changes were recapitulated in synaptosomes isolated from the hippocampi of fear-trained animals. As dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) plays an important role in mitochondrial fission, we examined its role in the increased mitochondrial respiration observed after fear training. Drp1 inhibitors decreased the training-associated enhancement of OCR and impaired contextual fear memory, but did not alter the number of synaptosomes containing mitochondria. Taken together, our results show context fear training increases presynaptic mitochondria respiration, and that Drp-1 mediated enhanced energy production in CA1 pre-synaptic terminals is necessary for context fear memory that does not result from an increase in the number of synaptosomes containing mitochondria or an increase in mitochondrial mass within the synaptic layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica L Underwood
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, P.O. Box 20708, Houston, TX, 77225, USA
| | - John B Redell
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, P.O. Box 20708, Houston, TX, 77225, USA.
| | - Kimberly N Hood
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, P.O. Box 20708, Houston, TX, 77225, USA
| | - Mark E Maynard
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, P.O. Box 20708, Houston, TX, 77225, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael Hylin
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, P.O. Box 20708, Houston, TX, 77225, USA
- Department of Psychology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - M Neal Waxham
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, P.O. Box 20708, Houston, TX, 77225, USA
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, P.O. Box 20708, Houston, TX, 77225, USA
| | - Anthony N Moore
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, P.O. Box 20708, Houston, TX, 77225, USA
| | - Pramod K Dash
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School, P.O. Box 20708, Houston, TX, 77225, USA
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26
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Nelson ED, Maynard KR, Nicholas KR, Tran MN, Divecha HR, Collado-Torres L, Hicks SC, Martinowich K. Activity-regulated gene expression across cell types of the mouse hippocampus. Hippocampus 2023; 33:1009-1027. [PMID: 37226416 PMCID: PMC11129873 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Activity-regulated gene (ARG) expression patterns in the hippocampus (HPC) regulate synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory, and are linked to both risk and treatment responses for many neuropsychiatric disorders. The HPC contains discrete classes of neurons with specialized functions, but cell type-specific activity-regulated transcriptional programs are not well characterized. Here, we used single-nucleus RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) in a mouse model of acute electroconvulsive seizures (ECS) to identify cell type-specific molecular signatures associated with induced activity in HPC neurons. We used unsupervised clustering and a priori marker genes to computationally annotate 15,990 high-quality HPC neuronal nuclei from N = 4 mice across all major HPC subregions and neuron types. Activity-induced transcriptomic responses were divergent across neuron populations, with dentate granule cells being particularly responsive to activity. Differential expression analysis identified both upregulated and downregulated cell type-specific gene sets in neurons following ECS. Within these gene sets, we identified enrichment of pathways associated with varying biological processes such as synapse organization, cellular signaling, and transcriptional regulation. Finally, we used matrix factorization to reveal continuous gene expression patterns differentially associated with cell type, ECS, and biological processes. This work provides a rich resource for interrogating activity-regulated transcriptional responses in HPC neurons at single-nuclei resolution in the context of ECS, which can provide biological insight into the roles of defined neuronal subtypes in HPC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik D. Nelson
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Kristen R. Maynard
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Kyndall R. Nicholas
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Matthew N Tran
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Heena R. Divecha
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Leonardo Collado-Torres
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Stephanie C. Hicks
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Keri Martinowich
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- The Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205
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27
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Bhuiyan P, Sun Z, Chen Y, Qian Y. Peripheral surgery triggers mast cells activation: Focusing on neuroinflammation. Behav Brain Res 2023; 452:114593. [PMID: 37499912 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral surgery can lead to a systemic aseptic inflammatory response comprising several mediators aiming at restoring tissue homeostasis. It induces inflammatory mechanisms through neuroimmune interaction between the periphery and to brain which also plays a critical role in causing cognitive impairments. Accumulating scientific evidence revealed that acute neuroinflammation of the brain triggered by peripheral surgery that causes peripheral inflammation leads to transmitting signals into the brain through immune cells. Mast cells (MCs) play an important role in the acute neuroinflammation induced by peripheral surgical trauma. After peripheral surgery, brain-resident MCs can be rapidly activated followed by releasing histamine, tryptase, and other inflammatory mediators. These mediators then interact with other immune cells in the peripheral and amplify the signal into the brain by disrupting BBB and activating principle innate immune cells of brain including microglia, astrocytes, and vascular endothelial cells, which release abundant inflammatory mediators and in turn accelerate the activation of brain MCs, amplify the cascade effect of neuroinflammatory response. Surgical stress may induce HPA axis activation by releasing corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) subsequently influence the activation of brain MCs, thus resulting in impaired synaptic plasticity. Herein, we discuss the better understating of MCs mediated neuroinflammation mechanisms after peripheral surgery and potential therapeutic targets for controlling inflammatory cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piplu Bhuiyan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaochu Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanning Qian
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Rodrigues YE, Tigaret CM, Marie H, O'Donnell C, Veltz R. A stochastic model of hippocampal synaptic plasticity with geometrical readout of enzyme dynamics. eLife 2023; 12:e80152. [PMID: 37589251 PMCID: PMC10435238 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Discovering the rules of synaptic plasticity is an important step for understanding brain learning. Existing plasticity models are either (1) top-down and interpretable, but not flexible enough to account for experimental data, or (2) bottom-up and biologically realistic, but too intricate to interpret and hard to fit to data. To avoid the shortcomings of these approaches, we present a new plasticity rule based on a geometrical readout mechanism that flexibly maps synaptic enzyme dynamics to predict plasticity outcomes. We apply this readout to a multi-timescale model of hippocampal synaptic plasticity induction that includes electrical dynamics, calcium, CaMKII and calcineurin, and accurate representation of intrinsic noise sources. Using a single set of model parameters, we demonstrate the robustness of this plasticity rule by reproducing nine published ex vivo experiments covering various spike-timing and frequency-dependent plasticity induction protocols, animal ages, and experimental conditions. Our model also predicts that in vivo-like spike timing irregularity strongly shapes plasticity outcome. This geometrical readout modelling approach can be readily applied to other excitatory or inhibitory synapses to discover their synaptic plasticity rules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Elias Rodrigues
- Université Côte d’AzurNiceFrance
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), CNRSValbonneFrance
- Inria Center of University Côte d’Azur (Inria)Sophia AntipolisFrance
| | - Cezar M Tigaret
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Innovation Institute, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences,School of Medicine, Cardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Hélène Marie
- Université Côte d’AzurNiceFrance
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), CNRSValbonneFrance
| | - Cian O'Donnell
- School of Computing, Engineering, and Intelligent Systems, Magee Campus, Ulster UniversityLondonderryUnited Kingdom
- School of Computer Science, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, and Engineering Mathematics, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Romain Veltz
- Inria Center of University Côte d’Azur (Inria)Sophia AntipolisFrance
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29
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QIAO L, SHI Y, TAN L, JIANG Y, YANG Y. Efficacy of electroacupuncture stimulating Shenmen (HT7), Baihui (GV20), Sanyinjiao (SP6) on spatial learning and memory deficits in rats with insomnia induced by para-chlorophenylalanine: a single acupoint combined acupoints. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2023; 43:704-714. [PMID: 37454255 PMCID: PMC10320443 DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.20230308.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investiage the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at a single acupoint of Shenmen (HT7), Baihui (GV20), Sanyinjiao (SP6) and at combined acupoints of Shenmen (HT7) and Baihui (GV20) and Sanyinjiao (SP6) on the PKA/CREB and BDNF/TrkB signaling, as well as neuroapoptosis and neurogenesis in hippocampus and elucidate the underlying mechanism of single and combined acupoints on ameliorating spatial learning and memory deficits in a rat model of primary insomnia. METHODS Primary insomnia was modeled by intraperitoneal injection of para-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) once daily for 2 d. EA was applied at Shenmen (HT7), Baihui (GV20), Sanyinjiao (SP6), or Shenmen (HT7) + Baihui (GV20) + Sanyinjiao (SP6) (combined) for 30 min daily for 4 d. Spatial learning and memory function was evaluated by the Morris water maze (MWM) test. Protein expressions of hippocampal cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA)-Cβ, phosphorylated cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (p-CREB), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB) were evaluated by Western blotting. Neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus was detected with the transferase-mediated dUTP-X nick end labeling assay. Endogenous neurogenesis was examined with bromodeoxyuridine staining. The MWM test and hippocampal p-CREB, BDNF, and TrkB protein levels in the combined acupoints group were evaluated after the administration of a PKA-selective inhibitor (H89). RESULTS Spatial learning and memory were significantly impaired in rats with insomnia. The spatial learning deficits were ameliorated in the Shenmen (HT7), Baihui (GV20), Sanyinjiao (SP6), and combined groups; this improvement was significantly greater in the combined group than the single acupoint groups. The spatial memory impairment was improved in the combined, Baihui (GV20), and Shenmen (HT7) groups, but not the Sanyinjiao (SP6) group. The expressions of PKA-Cβ, p-CREB, BDNF, and TrkB were decreased in rats with insomnia. All these proteins were significantly upregulated in the combined group. PKA/p-CREB protein levels were elevated in the Baihui (GV20) and Shenmen (HT7) groups, whereas BDNF/TrkB expression was upregulated in the Sanyinjiao (SP6) group. The staining results showed significant attenuation of hippocampal cell apoptosis and increased numbers of proliferating cells in the combined group, whereas the single acupoint groups only showed decreased numbers of apoptotic cells. In the combined group, the PKA inhibitor reversed the improvement of spatial memory and upregulation of p-CREB expression caused by EA, but did not affect its activation of BDNF/TrkB signaling. CONCLUSIONS EA at the single acupoints Baihui (GV20), Shenmen (HT7), or Sanyinjiao (SP6) had an ameliorating effect on the spatial learning and memory deficits induced by insomnia. EA at combined acupoints exerted a synergistic effect on the improvements in spatial learning and memory impairment in rats with insomnia by upregulating the hippocampal PKA/CREB and BDNF/TrkB signaling, facilitating neurogenesis, and inhibiting neuronal apoptosis. These findings indicate that EA at combined acupoints [(Baihui (GV20), Shenmen (HT7), and Sanyinjiao (SP6)] achieves a more pronounced regulation of hippocampal neuroplasticity than EA at single acupoints, which may partly explain the underlying mechanisms by which EA at combined acupoints exerts a better ameliorative effect on the cognitive dysfunction caused by insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina QIAO
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing100700, China
| | - Yinan SHI
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing100700, China
| | - Lianhong TAN
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing100700, China
| | - Yanshu JIANG
- 2 College of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Massage, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Yongsheng YANG
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing100700, China
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30
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Sridhar S, Khamaj A, Asthana MK. Cognitive neuroscience perspective on memory: overview and summary. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1217093. [PMID: 37565054 PMCID: PMC10410470 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1217093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper explores memory from a cognitive neuroscience perspective and examines associated neural mechanisms. It examines the different types of memory: working, declarative, and non-declarative, and the brain regions involved in each type. The paper highlights the role of different brain regions, such as the prefrontal cortex in working memory and the hippocampus in declarative memory. The paper also examines the mechanisms that underlie the formation and consolidation of memory, including the importance of sleep in the consolidation of memory and the role of the hippocampus in linking new memories to existing cognitive schemata. The paper highlights two types of memory consolidation processes: cellular consolidation and system consolidation. Cellular consolidation is the process of stabilizing information by strengthening synaptic connections. System consolidation models suggest that memories are initially stored in the hippocampus and are gradually consolidated into the neocortex over time. The consolidation process involves a hippocampal-neocortical binding process incorporating newly acquired information into existing cognitive schemata. The paper highlights the role of the medial temporal lobe and its involvement in autobiographical memory. Further, the paper discusses the relationship between episodic and semantic memory and the role of the hippocampus. Finally, the paper underscores the need for further research into the neurobiological mechanisms underlying non-declarative memory, particularly conditioning. Overall, the paper provides a comprehensive overview from a cognitive neuroscience perspective of the different processes involved in memory consolidation of different types of memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sruthi Sridhar
- Department of Psychology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB, Canada
| | - Abdulrahman Khamaj
- Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manish Kumar Asthana
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
- Department of Design, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
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31
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Chapochnikov NM, Pehlevan C, Chklovskii DB. Normative and mechanistic model of an adaptive circuit for efficient encoding and feature extraction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2117484120. [PMID: 37428907 PMCID: PMC10629579 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2117484120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
One major question in neuroscience is how to relate connectomes to neural activity, circuit function, and learning. We offer an answer in the peripheral olfactory circuit of the Drosophila larva, composed of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) connected through feedback loops with interconnected inhibitory local neurons (LNs). We combine structural and activity data and, using a holistic normative framework based on similarity-matching, we formulate biologically plausible mechanistic models of the circuit. In particular, we consider a linear circuit model, for which we derive an exact theoretical solution, and a nonnegative circuit model, which we examine through simulations. The latter largely predicts the ORN [Formula: see text] LN synaptic weights found in the connectome and demonstrates that they reflect correlations in ORN activity patterns. Furthermore, this model accounts for the relationship between ORN [Formula: see text] LN and LN-LN synaptic counts and the emergence of different LN types. Functionally, we propose that LNs encode soft cluster memberships of ORN activity, and partially whiten and normalize the stimulus representations in ORNs through inhibitory feedback. Such a synaptic organization could, in principle, autonomously arise through Hebbian plasticity and would allow the circuit to adapt to different environments in an unsupervised manner. We thus uncover a general and potent circuit motif that can learn and extract significant input features and render stimulus representations more efficient. Finally, our study provides a unified framework for relating structure, activity, function, and learning in neural circuits and supports the conjecture that similarity-matching shapes the transformation of neural representations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai M. Chapochnikov
- Center for Computation Neuroscience, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY10010
- Department of Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY10016
| | - Cengiz Pehlevan
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
- Kempner Institute for the Study of Natural and Artificial Intelligence, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
| | - Dmitri B. Chklovskii
- Center for Computation Neuroscience, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY10010
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY10016
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32
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Das S, Lituma PJ, Castillo PE, Singer RH. Maintenance of a short-lived protein required for long-term memory involves cycles of transcription and local translation. Neuron 2023; 111:2051-2064.e6. [PMID: 37100055 PMCID: PMC10330212 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Activity-dependent expression of immediate early genes (IEGs) is critical for long-term synaptic remodeling and memory. It remains unknown how IEGs are maintained for memory despite rapid transcript and protein turnover. To address this conundrum, we monitored Arc, an IEG essential for memory consolidation. Using a knockin mouse where endogenous Arc alleles were fluorescently tagged, we performed real-time imaging of Arc mRNA dynamics in individual neurons in cultures and brain tissue. Unexpectedly, a single burst stimulation was sufficient to induce cycles of transcriptional reactivation in the same neuron. Subsequent transcription cycles required translation, whereby new Arc proteins engaged in autoregulatory positive feedback to reinduce transcription. The ensuing Arc mRNAs preferentially localized at sites marked by previous Arc protein, assembling a "hotspot" of translation, and consolidating "hubs" of dendritic Arc. These cycles of transcription-translation coupling sustain protein expression and provide a mechanism by which a short-lived event may support long-term memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulagna Das
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA; Program in RNA Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Pablo J Lituma
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Pablo E Castillo
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Robert H Singer
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA; Program in RNA Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA; Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA.
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Pchitskaya E, Vasiliev P, Smirnova D, Chukanov V, Bezprozvanny I. SpineTool is an open-source software for analysis of morphology of dendritic spines. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10561. [PMID: 37386071 PMCID: PMC10310755 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37406-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic spines form most excitatory synaptic inputs in neurons and these spines are altered in many neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Reliable methods to assess and quantify dendritic spines morphology are needed, but most existing methods are subjective and labor intensive. To solve this problem, we developed an open-source software that allows segmentation of dendritic spines from 3D images, extraction of their key morphological features, and their classification and clustering. Instead of commonly used spine descriptors based on numerical metrics we used chord length distribution histogram (CLDH) approach. CLDH method depends on distribution of lengths of chords randomly generated within dendritic spines volume. To achieve less biased analysis, we developed a classification procedure that uses machine-learning algorithm based on experts' consensus and machine-guided clustering tool. These approaches to unbiased and automated measurements, classification and clustering of synaptic spines that we developed should provide a useful resource for a variety of neuroscience and neurodegenerative research applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Pchitskaya
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Khlopina St. 11, St. Petersburg, Russia, 194021.
| | - Peter Vasiliev
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Khlopina St. 11, St. Petersburg, Russia, 194021
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya St. 29, St. Petersburg, Russia, 195251
| | - Daria Smirnova
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya St. 29, St. Petersburg, Russia, 195251
| | - Vyacheslav Chukanov
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Khlopina St. 11, St. Petersburg, Russia, 194021
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya St. 29, St. Petersburg, Russia, 195251
| | - Ilya Bezprozvanny
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Khlopina St. 11, St. Petersburg, Russia, 194021.
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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Sgammeglia N, Widmer YF, Kaldun JC, Fritsch C, Bruggmann R, Sprecher SG. Memory phase-specific genes in the Mushroom Bodies identified using CrebB-target DamID. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010802. [PMID: 37307281 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of long-term memories requires changes in the transcriptional program and de novo protein synthesis. One of the critical regulators for long-term memory (LTM) formation and maintenance is the transcription factor CREB. Genetic studies have dissected the requirement of CREB activity within memory circuits, however less is known about the genetic mechanisms acting downstream of CREB and how they may contribute defining LTM phases. To better understand the downstream mechanisms, we here used a targeted DamID approach (TaDa). We generated a CREB-Dam fusion protein using the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster as model. Expressing CREB-Dam in the mushroom bodies (MBs), a brain center implicated in olfactory memory formation, we identified genes that are differentially expressed between paired and unpaired appetitive training paradigm. Of those genes we selected candidates for an RNAi screen in which we identified genes causing increased or decreased LTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Sgammeglia
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Yves F Widmer
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jenifer C Kaldun
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia Fritsch
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Rémy Bruggmann
- Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simon G Sprecher
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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Ning R, Wright BA. Evidence that anterograde learning interference depends on the stage of learning of the interferer: blocked versus interleaved training. Learn Mem 2023; 30:101-109. [PMID: 37419679 PMCID: PMC10353258 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053710.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Training on one task (task A) can disrupt learning on a subsequently trained task (task B), illustrating anterograde learning interference. We asked whether the induction of anterograde learning interference depends on the learning stage that task A has reached when the training on task B begins. To do so, we drew on previous observations in perceptual learning in which completing all training on one task before beginning training on another task (blocked training) yielded markedly different learning outcomes than alternating training between the same two tasks for the same total number of trials (interleaved training). Those blocked versus interleaved contrasts suggest that there is a transition between two differentially vulnerable learning stages that is related to the number of consecutive training trials on each task, with interleaved training presumably tapping acquisition, and blocked training tapping consolidation. Here, we used the blocked versus interleaved paradigm in auditory perceptual learning in a case in which blocked training generated anterograde-but not its converse, retrograde-learning interference (A→B, not B←A). We report that anterograde learning interference of training on task A (interaural time difference discrimination) on learning on task B (interaural level difference discrimination) occurred with blocked training and diminished with interleaved training, with faster rates of interleaving leading to less interference. This pattern held for across-day, within-session, and offline learning. Thus, anterograde learning interference only occurred when the number of consecutive training trials on task A surpassed some critical value, consistent with other recent evidence that anterograde learning interference only arises when learning on task A has entered the consolidation stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijing Ning
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Beverly A Wright
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Knowles Hearing Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Northwestern University Institute for Neuroscience, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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Shi J, Liu D, Jin Q, Chen X, Zhang R, Shi T, Zhu S, Zhang Y, Zong X, Wang C, Li L. Whole-Transcriptome Analysis of Repeated Low-Level Sarin-Exposed Rat Hippocampus and Identification of Cerna Networks to Investigate the Mechanism of Sarin-Induced Cognitive Impairment. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040627. [PMID: 37106826 PMCID: PMC10136365 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Sarin is a potent organophosphorus nerve agent that causes cognitive dysfunction, but its underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, a rat model of repeated low-level sarin exposure was established using the subcutaneous injection of 0.4 × LD50 for 21 consecutive days. Sarin-exposed rats showed persistent learning and memory impairment and reduced hippocampal dendritic spine density. A whole-transcriptome analysis was applied to study the mechanism of sarin-induced cognitive impairment, and a total of 1035 differentially expressed mRNA (DEmRNA), including 44 DEmiRNA, 305 DElncRNA, and 412 DEcircRNA, were found in the hippocampus of sarin-treated rats. According to Gene Ontology (GO) annotation, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment, and Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) analysis, these DERNAs were mainly involved in neuronal synaptic plasticity and were related to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. The circRNA/lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network was constructed, in which Circ_Fmn1, miR-741-3p, miR-764-3p, miR-871-3p, KIF1A, PTPN11, SYN1, and MT-CO3 formed one circuit, and Circ_Cacna1c, miR-10b-5p, miR-18a-5p, CACNA1C, PRKCD, and RASGRP1 constituted another circuit. The balance between the two circuits was crucial for maintaining synaptic plasticity and may be the regulatory mechanism by which sarin causes cognitive impairment. Our study reveals the ceRNA regulation mechanism of sarin exposure for the first time and provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of other organophosphorus toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilians, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Dongxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilians, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Qian Jin
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilians, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Xuejun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilians, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Ruihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilians, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Tong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilians, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Siqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilians, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilians, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Xingxing Zong
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilians, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilians, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Liqin Li
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilians, Beijing 102205, China
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37
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Jana S, Dines M, Lalzar M, Lamprecht R. Fear Conditioning Leads to Enduring Alterations in RNA Transcripts in Hippocampal Neuropil that are Dependent on EphB2 Forward Signaling. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:2320-2329. [PMID: 36637747 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03191-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in mRNA transcription have been associated with changes in brain functions. We wanted to examine if fear conditioning causes long-term changes in transcriptome profiles in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and hippocampus using RNA-Seq and laser microdissection microscopy. We further aimed to uncover whether these changes are involved in memory formation by monitoring their levels in EphB2lacZ/lacZ mice, which lack EphB2 forward signaling and can form short-term fear conditioning memory but not long-term fear conditioning memory. We found transcriptome signatures unique to each brain region that are comprise of specific cellular pathways. We also revealed that fear conditioning leads to alterations in mRNAs levels 24 h after training in hippocampal neuropil, but not in hippocampal cell layers or BLA. The two main groups of altered mRNAs encode proteins involved in neuronal transmission, neuronal morphogenesis and neuronal development and the vast majority are known to be enriched in neurons. None of these mRNAs levels were altered by fear conditioning in EphB2lacZ/lacZ mice, which were also impaired in long-term fear memory. We show here that fear conditioning leads to an enduring alteration in mRNAs levels in hippocampal neuropil that is dependent on processes mediated by EphB2 that are needed for long-term memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhajit Jana
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Monica Dines
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Maya Lalzar
- Bioinformatics Service Unit, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Raphael Lamprecht
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
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Espadas I, Wingfield J, Grinman E, Ghosh I, Chanda K, Nakahata Y, Bauer K, Raveendra B, Kiebler M, Yasuda R, Rangaraju V, Puthanveettil S. SLAMR, a synaptically targeted lncRNA, facilitates the consolidation of contextual fear memory. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2489387. [PMID: 36993323 PMCID: PMC10055528 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2489387/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
LncRNAs are involved in critical processes for cell homeostasis and function. However, it remains largely unknown whether and how the transcriptional regulation of long noncoding RNAs results in activity-dependent changes at the synapse and facilitate formation of long-term memories. Here, we report the identification of a novel lncRNA, SLAMR, that becomes enriched in CA1- but not in CA3-hippocampal neurons upon contextual fear conditioning. SLAMR is transported to dendrites via the molecular motor KIF5C and recruited to the synapse in response to stimulation. Loss of function of SLAMR reduced dendritic complexity and impaired activity dependent changes in spine structural plasticity. Interestingly, gain of function of SLAMR enhanced dendritic complexity, and spine density through enhanced translation. Analyses of the SLAMR interactome revealed its association with CaMKIIα protein through a 220-nucleotide element and its modulation of CaMKIIα activity. Furthermore, loss-of-function of SLAMR in CA1 selectively impairs consolidation but neither acquisition, recall, nor extinction of fear memory and spatial memory. Together, these results establish a new mechanism for activity dependent changes at the synapse and consolidation of contextual fear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Espadas
- Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Jenna Wingfield
- Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Eddie Grinman
- Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Ilika Ghosh
- Max Planck Florida Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Kaushik Chanda
- Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | | | - Karl Bauer
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Department for Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Bindu Raveendra
- Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Michael Kiebler
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Department for Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | | | | | - Sathyanarayanan Puthanveettil
- Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL, USA
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Ouyang L, Li Q, Rao S, Su R, Zhu Y, Du G, Xie J, Zhou F, Feng C, Fan G. Cognitive outcomes caused by low-level lead, cadmium, and mercury mixture exposure at distinct phases of brain development. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 175:113707. [PMID: 36893892 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Contaminated water and food are the main sources of lead, cadmium, and mercury in the human body. Long-term and low-level ingestion of these toxic heavy metals may affect brain development and cognition. However, the neurotoxic effects of exposure to lead, cadmium, and mercury mixture (Pb + Cd + Hg) at different stages of brain development are rarely elucidated. In this study, different doses of low-level Pb + Cd + Hg were administered to Sprague-Dawley rats via drinking water during the critical stage of brain development, late stage, and after maturation, respectively. Our findings showed that Pb + Cd + Hg exposure decreased the density of memory- and learning-related dendritic spines in the hippocampus during the critical period of brain development, resulting in hippocampus-dependent spatial memory deficits. Only the density of learning-related dendritic spines was reduced during the late phase of brain development and a higher-dose of Pb + Cd + Hg exposure was required, which led to hippocampus-independent spatial memory abnormalities. Exposure to Pb + Cd + Hg after brain maturation revealed no significant change in dendritic spines or cognitive function. Further molecular analysis indicated that morphological and functional changes caused by Pb + Cd + Hg exposure during the critical phase were associated with PSD95 and GluA1 dysregulation. Collectively, the effects of Pb + Cd + Hg on cognition varied depending on the brain development stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ouyang
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China
| | - Qi Li
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China
| | - Shaoqi Rao
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Rui Su
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Yanhui Zhu
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Guihua Du
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Jie Xie
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Fankun Zhou
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Chang Feng
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Guangqin Fan
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China.
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40
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Zhu X, Joo Y, Bossi S, McDevitt R, Xie A, Wang Y, Xue Y, Su S, Lee SK, Sah N, Zhang S, Ye R, Pinto A, Zhang Y, Araki K, Araki M, Morales M, Mattson M, van Praag H, Wang W. Tdrd3-null mice show post-transcriptional and behavioral impairments associated with neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2597043. [PMID: 36909584 PMCID: PMC10002826 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2597043/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
The Topoisomerase 3B (Top3b) - Tudor domain containing 3 (Tdrd3) protein complex is the only dual-activity topoisomerase complex in animals that can alter the topology of both DNA and RNA. TOP3B mutations in humans are associated with schizophrenia, autism and cognitive disorders; and Top3b-null mice exhibit several phenotypes observed in animal models of psychiatric and cognitive disorders, including impairments in cognitive and emotional behaviors, aberrant neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity, and transcriptional defects. Similarly, human TDRD3 genomic variants have been associated with schizophrenia, verbal shorten-memory and learning, and educational attainment. However, the importance of Tdrd3 in normal brain function has not been examined in animal models. Here we built a Tdrd3-null mouse strain and demonstrate that these mice display both shared and unique defects when compared to Top3b-null mice. Shared defects were observed in cognitive behaviors, synaptic plasticity, adult neurogenesis, newborn neuron morphology, and neuronal activity-dependent transcription; whereas defects unique to Tdrd3-deficient mice include hyperactivity, changes in anxiety-like behaviors, increased new neuron complexity, and reduced myelination. Interestingly, multiple genes critical for neurodevelopment and cognitive function exhibit reduced levels in mature but not nascent transcripts. We infer that the entire Top3b-Tdrd3 complex is essential for normal brain function, and that defective post-transcriptional regulation could contribute to cognitive impairment and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kimi Araki
- Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University
| | - Masatake Araki
- Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University
| | | | - Mark Mattson
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
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Moderate-Intensity Intermittent Training Alters the DNA Methylation Pattern of PDE4D Gene in Hippocampus to Improve the Ability of Spatial Learning and Memory in Aging Rats Reduced by D-Galactose. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13030422. [PMID: 36979232 PMCID: PMC10046546 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13030422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Aging is the main risk factor for most neurodegenerative diseases, and the inhibition of Phosphodiesterase 4(PDE4) is considered a potential target for the treatment of neurological diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of moderate-intensity intermittent training (MIIT) on PDE4 in the hippocampus of rats with D-galactose (D-gal)-induced cognitive impairment, and the possible mechanism of improving spatial learning and memory. (2) Methods: the aging rats were treated with D-Gal (150 mg/kg/day, for 6 weeks). The aging rats were treated with MIIT for exercise intervention (45 min/day, 5 days/week, for 8 weeks). The Morris water maze test was performed before and after MIIT to evaluate the spatial learning and memory ability, then to observe the synaptic ultrastructure of the hippocampus CA1 region, to detect the expression of synaptic-related protein synaptophysin (SYP) and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95), and to detect the expression of PDE4 subtypes, cAMP, and its signal pathway protein kinase A (PKA)/cAMP response element binding protein (CREB)/brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and the PDE4 methylation level. (3) Results: we found that MIIT for 8 weeks alleviated the decline in spatial learning and memory ability, and improved the synaptic structure of the hippocampus and the expression of synaptic protein SYP and PSD95 in D-Gal aging rats. To elucidate the mechanism of MIIT, we analyzed the expression of PDE4 isoforms PDE4A/PDE4B/PDE4D, cAMP, and the signaling pathway PKA/CREB/BDNF, which play an important role in memory consolidation and maintenance. The results showed that 8 weeks of MIIT significantly up-regulated cAMP, PKA, p-CREB, and BDNF protein expression, and down-regulated PDE4D mRNA and protein expression. Methylation analysis of the PDE4D gene showed that several CG sites in the promoter and exon1 regions were significantly up-regulated. (4) Conclusions: MIIT can improve the synaptic structure of the hippocampus CA1 area and improve the spatial learning and memory ability of aging rats, which may be related to the specific regulation of the PDE4D gene methylation level and inhibition of PDE4D expression.
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Diab AM, Wigerius M, Quinn DP, Qi J, Shahin I, Paffile J, Krueger K, Karten B, Krueger SR, Fawcett JP. NCK1 Modulates Neuronal Actin Dynamics and Promotes Dendritic Spine, Synapse, and Memory Formation. J Neurosci 2023; 43:885-901. [PMID: 36535770 PMCID: PMC9908320 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0495-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory formation and maintenance is a dynamic process involving the modulation of the actin cytoskeleton at synapses. Understanding the signaling pathways that contribute to actin modulation is important for our understanding of synapse formation and function, as well as learning and memory. Here, we focused on the importance of the actin regulator, noncatalytic region of tyrosine kinase adaptor protein 1 (NCK1), in hippocampal dependent behaviors and development. We report that male mice lacking NCK1 have impairments in both short-term and working memory, as well as spatial learning. Additionally, we report sex differences in memory impairment showing that female mice deficient in NCK1 fail at reversal learning in a spatial learning task. We find that NCK1 is expressed in postmitotic neurons but is dispensable for neuronal proliferation and migration in the developing hippocampus. Morphologically, NCK1 is not necessary for overall neuronal dendrite development. However, neurons lacking NCK1 have lower dendritic spine and synapse densities in vitro and in vivo EM analysis reveal increased postsynaptic density (PSD) thickness in the hippocampal CA1 region of NCK1-deficient mice. Mechanistically, we find the turnover of actin-filaments in dendritic spines is accelerated in neurons that lack NCK1. Together, these findings suggest that NCK1 contributes to hippocampal-dependent memory by stabilizing actin dynamics and dendritic spine formation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Understanding the molecular signaling pathways that contribute to memory formation, maintenance, and elimination will lead to a better understanding of the genetic influences on cognition and cognitive disorders and will direct future therapeutics. Here, we report that the noncatalytic region of tyrosine kinase adaptor protein 1 (NCK1) adaptor protein modulates actin-filament turnover in hippocampal dendritic spines. Mice lacking NCK1 show sex-dependent deficits in hippocampal memory formation tasks, have altered postsynaptic densities, and reduced synaptic density. Together, our work implicates NCK1 in the regulation of actin cytoskeleton dynamics and normal synapse development which is essential for memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios M Diab
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Michael Wigerius
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Dylan P Quinn
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Jiansong Qi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Ibrahim Shahin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Julia Paffile
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Kavita Krueger
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Barbara Karten
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Stefan R Krueger
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - James P Fawcett
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
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Wang L, Wang Y, Chen Y, Liu B, Chou D, Bian X, Li R, Wang M, Zheng C. Rhynchophylline ameliorates cerebral ischemia by improving the synaptic plasticity in a middle cerebral artery occlusion induced stroke model. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 940:175390. [PMID: 36400162 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous studies have documented that rhynchophylline exerts antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects on ischemic neuronal damage in vitro or in vivo. There is a considerable lack of direct evidence for its role in neural function and neuroplasticity after ischemic stroke. AIMS This study aims to explore the role of rhynchophylline in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) induced ischemic stroke model and the potential mechanisms. METHODS Mice were randomly divided into the following three groups: Sham, MCAO + ddH2O, and MCAO + Rhy(40 mg/kg by oral gavage) groups. Cerebral ischemia was induced by MCAO. Cerebral blood flow was monitored to indicate the success of the ischemic model. The neurological severity score and a series of related behavior tests were performed(after MCAO 3d,7d,14d,21d,28d). Golgi staining and Sholl analysis were used to evaluate the complexity of dendrites and the density of dendritic spines. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of synapsin I and NeuN. RESULTS Administration of rhynchophylline for 7 consecutive days after the onset of cerebral ischemia alleviated the sensory-motor functional defects and ameliorated hippocampus-dependent spatial memory injury as well as reduced the infarct volume induced by MCAO. However, golgi staining and sholl analysis showed that rhynchophylline improved dendritic complexity and spine density as well as the synaptic plasticity. Furthermore,the expression of synapsin I and Neun was significantly reduced after cerebral ischemia and rhynchophylline administration ameliorated the loss of synapsin I. CONCLUSION Rhynchophylline is a promising treatment for ischemic stroke via improving synaptic plasticity and ameliorating the sensory-motor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Physiology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuguang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, China
| | - YuJie Chen
- Department of Physiology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Physiology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Dylan Chou
- Department of Physiology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingyu Bian
- Department of Physiology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruoxin Li
- Department of Physiology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingxiao Wang
- Department of Physiology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.
| | - Chen Zheng
- Department of Physiology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.
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TREM2 and Microglia Contribute to the Synaptic Plasticity: from Physiology to Pathology. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:512-523. [PMID: 36318443 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03100-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Synapses are bridges for information transmission in the central nervous system (CNS), and synaptic plasticity is fundamental for the normal function of synapses, contributing substantially to learning and memory. Numerous studies have proven that microglia can participate in the occurrence and progression of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), by regulating synaptic plasticity. In this review, we summarize the main characteristics of synapses and synaptic plasticity under physiological and pathological conditions. We elaborate the origin and development of microglia and the two well-known microglial signaling pathways that regulate synaptic plasticity. We also highlight the unique role of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) in microglia-mediated regulation of synaptic plasticity and its relationship with AD. Finally, we propose four possible ways in which TREM2 is involved in regulating synaptic plasticity. This review will help researchers understand how NDDs develop from the perspective of synaptic plasticity.
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Rac1 GTPase activation impairs fear conditioning-induced structural changes in basolateral amygdala neurons and long-term fear memory formation. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022:10.1038/s41386-022-01518-8. [PMID: 36522403 PMCID: PMC10354034 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01518-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Long-term memory formation leads to enduring alterations in synaptic efficacy and neuronal responses that may be created by changes in neuronal morphology. We show that fear conditioning leads to a long-lasting increase in the volume of the primary and secondary dendritic branches, but not of distal branches, of neurons located at the basolateral amygdala (BLA). The length of the dendritic branches is not affected by fear conditioning. Fear conditioning leads to an enduring increase in the length and volume of dendritic spines, especially in the length of the spine neck and the volume of the spine head. Fear conditioning does not affect dendritic spine density. We further reveal that activation of Rac1 in BLA during fear conditioning impairs long-term auditory, but not contextual, fear conditioning memory. Activation of Rac1 during fear conditioning prevents the enduring increase in the dendritic primary branch volume and dendritic spines length and volume. Rac1 activation per se has no effect on neuronal morphology. These results show that fear conditioning induces changes known to reduce the inhibition of signal propagation along the dendrite and the increase in synaptic efficacy whereas preventing these changes, by Rac1 activation, impairs fear memory formation.
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Zha C, Sossin WS. The molecular diversity of plasticity mechanisms underlying memory: An evolutionary perspective. J Neurochem 2022; 163:444-460. [PMID: 36326567 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Experience triggers molecular cascades in organisms (learning) that lead to alterations (memory) to allow the organism to change its behavior based on experience. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying memory, particularly in the nervous system of animals, has been an exciting scientific challenge for neuroscience. We review what is known about forms of neuronal plasticity that underlie memory highlighting important issues in the field: (1) the importance of being able to measure how neurons are activated during learning to identify the form of plasticity that underlies memory, (2) the many distinct forms of plasticity important for memories that naturally decay both within and between organisms, and (3) unifying principles underlying the formation and maintenance of long-term memories. Overall, the diversity of molecular mechanisms underlying memories that naturally decay contrasts with more unified molecular mechanisms implicated in long-lasting changes. Despite many advances, important questions remain as to which mechanisms of neuronal plasticity underlie memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congyao Zha
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Wayne S Sossin
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Brain single cell transcriptomic profiles in episodic memory phenotypes associated with temporal lobe epilepsy. NPJ Genom Med 2022; 7:69. [PMID: 36446800 PMCID: PMC9709106 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-022-00339-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory dysfunction is prevalent in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), but little is known about the underlying molecular etiologies. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing technology was used to examine differences in cellular heterogeneity among left (language-dominant) temporal neocortical tissues from patients with TLE with (n = 4) or without (n = 2) impairment in verbal episodic memory. We observed marked cell heterogeneity between memory phenotypes and identified numerous differentially expressed genes across all brain cell types. The most notable differences were observed in glutamatergic (excitatory) and GABAergic (inhibitory) neurons with an overrepresentation of genes associated with long-term potentiation, long-term depression, and MAPK signaling, processes known to be essential for episodic memory formation.
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Frias ES, Hoseini MS, Krukowski K, Paladini MS, Grue K, Ureta G, Rienecker KDA, Walter P, Stryker MP, Rosi S. Aberrant cortical spine dynamics after concussive injury are reversed by integrated stress response inhibition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2209427119. [PMID: 36227915 PMCID: PMC9586300 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2209427119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of long-term neurological disability in the world and the strongest environmental risk factor for the development of dementia. Even mild TBI (resulting from concussive injuries) is associated with a greater than twofold increase in the risk of dementia onset. Little is known about the cellular mechanisms responsible for the progression of long-lasting cognitive deficits. The integrated stress response (ISR), a phylogenetically conserved pathway involved in the cellular response to stress, is activated after TBI, and inhibition of the ISR-even weeks after injury-can reverse behavioral and cognitive deficits. However, the cellular mechanisms by which ISR inhibition restores cognition are unknown. Here, we used longitudinal two-photon imaging in vivo after concussive injury in mice to study dendritic spine dynamics in the parietal cortex, a brain region involved in working memory. Concussive injury profoundly altered spine dynamics measured up to a month after injury. Strikingly, brief pharmacological treatment with the drug-like small-molecule ISR inhibitor ISRIB entirely reversed structural changes measured in the parietal cortex and the associated working memory deficits. Thus, both neural and cognitive consequences of concussive injury are mediated in part by activation of the ISR and can be corrected by its inhibition. These findings suggest that targeting ISR activation could serve as a promising approach to the clinical treatment of chronic cognitive deficits after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elma S. Frias
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Brain and Spinal Injury Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Mahmood S. Hoseini
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Karen Krukowski
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Brain and Spinal Injury Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Maria Serena Paladini
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Brain and Spinal Injury Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Katherine Grue
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Brain and Spinal Injury Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Gonzalo Ureta
- Department of Translational Research, Protein Folding and Disease Laboratory, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, 7750000, Chile
| | - Kira D. A. Rienecker
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Brain and Spinal Injury Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Peter Walter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- HHMI, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Michael P. Stryker
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Kavli Institute of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Susanna Rosi
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Brain and Spinal Injury Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Kavli Institute of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
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Habit Formation and the Effect of Repeated Stress Exposures on Cognitive Flexibility Learning in Horses. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12202818. [DOI: 10.3390/ani12202818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Horse training exposes horses to an array of cognitive and ethological challenges. Horses are routinely required to perform behaviours that are not aligned to aspects of their ethology, which may delay learning. While horses readily form habits during training, not all of these responses are considered desirable, resulting in the horse being subject to retraining. This is a form of cognitive flexibility and is critical to the extinction of habits and the learning of new responses. It is underpinned by complex neural processes which can be impaired by chronic or repeated stress. Domestic horses may be repeatedly exposed to multiples stressors. The potential contribution of stress impairments of cognitive flexibility to apparent training failures is not well understood, however research from neuroscience can be used to understand horses’ responses to training. We trained horses to acquire habit-like responses in one of two industry-style aversive instrumental learning scenarios (moving away from the stimulus-instinctual or moving towards the stimulus-non-instinctual) and evaluated the effect of repeated stress exposures on their cognitive flexibility in a reversal task. We measured heart rate as a proxy for noradrenaline release, salivary cortisol and serum Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) to infer possible neural correlates of the learning outcomes. The instinctual task which aligned with innate equine escape responses to aversive stimuli was acquired significantly faster than the non-instinctual task during both learning phases, however contrary to expectations, the repeated stress exposure did not impair the reversal learning. We report a preliminary finding that serum BDNF and salivary cortisol concentrations in horses are positively correlated. The ethological salience of training tasks and cognitive flexibility learning can significantly affect learning in horses and trainers should adapt their practices where such tasks challenge innate equine behaviour.
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Mariano A, Bovio CL, Criscuolo V, Santoro F. Bioinspired micro- and nano-structured neural interfaces. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:492501. [PMID: 35947922 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac8881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of a functional nervous system requires neurons to interact with and promptly respond to a wealth of biochemical, mechanical and topographical cues found in the neural extracellular matrix (ECM). Among these, ECM topographical cues have been found to strongly influence neuronal function and behavior. Here, we discuss how the blueprint of the architectural organization of the brain ECM has been tremendously useful as a source of inspiration to design biomimetic substrates to enhance neural interfaces and dictate neuronal behavior at the cell-material interface. In particular, we focus on different strategies to recapitulate cell-ECM and cell-cell interactions. In order to mimic cell-ECM interactions, we introduce roughness as a first approach to provide informative topographical biomimetic cues to neurons. We then examine 3D scaffolds and hydrogels, as softer 3D platforms for neural interfaces. Moreover, we will discuss how anisotropic features such as grooves and fibers, recapitulating both ECM fibrils and axonal tracts, may provide recognizable paths and tracks that neuron can follow as they develop and establish functional connections. Finally, we show how isotropic topographical cues, recapitulating shapes, and geometries of filopodia- and mushroom-like dendritic spines, have been instrumental to better reproduce neuron-neuron interactions for applications in bioelectronics and neural repair strategies. The high complexity of the brain architecture makes the quest for the fabrication of create more biologically relevant biomimetic architectures in continuous and fast development. Here, we discuss how recent advancements in two-photon polymerization and remotely reconfigurable dynamic interfaces are paving the way towards to a new class of smart biointerfaces forin vitroapplications spanning from neural tissue engineering as well as neural repair strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mariano
- Tissue Electronics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, I-80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Latte Bovio
- Tissue Electronics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, I-80125 Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Produzione Industriale, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80125, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Criscuolo
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and IT, RWTH Aachen, D-52074, Germany
| | - Francesca Santoro
- Tissue Electronics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, I-80125 Naples, Italy
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and IT, RWTH Aachen, D-52074, Germany
- Institute for Biological Information Processing-Bioelectronics, Forschungszentrum Juelich, D-52428, Germany
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