1
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Accili D, Talchai SC, Bouchi R, Lee AY, Du W, Kitamoto T, McKimpson WM, Belvedere S, Lin HV. Diabetes treatment by conversion of gut epithelial cells to insulin-producing cells. J Diabetes Investig 2024; 15:797-804. [PMID: 38426644 PMCID: PMC11215681 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.14175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Insulin-deficient (type 1) diabetes is treated by providing insulin to maintain euglycemia. The current standard of care is a quasi-closed loop integrating automated insulin delivery with a continuous glucose monitoring sensor. Cell replacement technologies are advancing as an alternative treatment and have been tested as surrogates to cadaveric islets in transplants. In addition, immunomodulatory treatments to delay the onset of type 1 diabetes in high-risk (stage 2) individuals have gained regulatory approval. We have pioneered a cell conversion approach to restore insulin production through pharmacological conversion of intestinal epithelial cells into insulin-producing cells. We have advanced this approach along a translational trajectory through the discovery of small molecule forkhead box protein O1 inhibitors. When administered to different rodent models of insulin-deficient diabetes, these inhibitors have resulted in robust glucose-lowering responses and generation of insulin-producing cells in the gut epithelium. We review past work and delineate a path to human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Accili
- Department of Medicine and Naomi Berrie Diabetes CenterVagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia UniversityNew York CityNew YorkUSA
| | | | - Ryotaro Bouchi
- Diabetes and Metabolism Information Center, Diabetes Research CenterResearch Institute, National Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
| | | | - Wen Du
- School of Biomedical EngineeringGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Takumi Kitamoto
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and EndocrinologyChiba University HospitalChibaJapan
| | - Wendy M McKimpson
- Department of Medicine and Naomi Berrie Diabetes CenterVagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia UniversityNew York CityNew YorkUSA
| | - Sandro Belvedere
- ARMGO Pharma, Inc.ArdsleyNew YorkUSA
- Avicenna Biosciences, Inc.DurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Hua V Lin
- Render TherapeuticsLincolnMassachusettsUSA
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2
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Gravina A, Tediashvili G, Zheng Y, Iwabuchi KA, Peyrot SM, Roodsari SZ, Gargiulo L, Kaneko S, Osawa M, Schrepfer S, Deuse T. Synthetic immune checkpoint engagers protect HLA-deficient iPSCs and derivatives from innate immune cell cytotoxicity. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:1538-1548.e4. [PMID: 37922880 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Immune rejection of allogeneic cell therapeutics remains a major problem for immuno-oncology and regenerative medicine. Allogeneic cell products so far have inferior persistence and efficacy when compared with autologous alternatives. Engineering of hypoimmune cells may greatly improve their therapeutic benefit. We present a new class of agonistic immune checkpoint engagers that protect human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-depleted induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells (iECs) from innate immune cells. Engagers with agonistic functionality to their inhibitory receptors TIM3 and SIRPα effectively protect engineered iECs from natural killer (NK) cell and macrophage killing. The SIRPα engager can be combined with truncated CD64 to generate fully immune evasive iECs capable of escaping allogeneic cellular and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody-mediated rejection. Synthetic immune checkpoint engagers have high target specificity and lack retrograde signaling in the engineered cells. This modular design allows for the exploitation of more inhibitory immune pathways for immune evasion and could contribute to the advancement of allogeneic cell therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Gravina
- Transplant and Stem Cell Immunobiology (TSI)-Lab, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Grigol Tediashvili
- Transplant and Stem Cell Immunobiology (TSI)-Lab, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Yueting Zheng
- Shinobi Therapeutics, 2 Tower Place, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Kumiko A Iwabuchi
- Shinobi Therapeutics, 2 Tower Place, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Sara M Peyrot
- Shinobi Therapeutics, 2 Tower Place, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Susan Z Roodsari
- Shinobi Therapeutics, 2 Tower Place, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Lauren Gargiulo
- Shinobi Therapeutics, 2 Tower Place, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Shin Kaneko
- Laboratory of Regenerative Immunotherapy, Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS cell Research, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mitsujiro Osawa
- Shinobi Therapeutics, Med-Pharm Collaboration Building 46-29, Yoshida-Shimo-Adachi-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sonja Schrepfer
- Transplant and Stem Cell Immunobiology (TSI)-Lab, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Tobias Deuse
- Transplant and Stem Cell Immunobiology (TSI)-Lab, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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3
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Martin TM, Burke SJ, Wasserfall CH, Collier JJ. Islet beta-cells and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1): Integrating immune responses that influence autoimmunity and graft rejection. Autoimmun Rev 2023; 22:103414. [PMID: 37619906 PMCID: PMC10543623 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) develops due to autoimmune targeting of the pancreatic islet β-cells. Clinical symptoms arise from reduced insulin in circulation. The molecular events and interactions between discrete immune cell populations, infiltration of such leukocytes into pancreatic and islet tissue, and selective targeting of the islet β-cells during autoimmunity and graft rejection are not entirely understood. One protein central to antigen presentation, priming of immune cells, trafficking of leukocytes, and vital for leukocyte effector function is the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). The gene encoding ICAM-1 is transcriptionally regulated and rapidly responsive (i.e., within hours) to pro-inflammatory cytokines. ICAM-1 is a transmembrane protein that can be glycosylated; its presence on the cell surface provides co-stimulatory functions for immune cell activation and stabilization of cell-cell contacts. ICAM-1 interacts with the β2-integrins, CD11a/CD18 (LFA-1) and CD11b/CD18 (Mac-1), which are present on discrete immune cell populations. A whole-body ICAM-1 deletion protects NOD mice from diabetes onset, strongly implicating this protein in autoimmune responses. Since several different cell types express ICAM-1, its biology is fundamentally essential for various physiological and pathological outcomes. Herein, we review the role of ICAM-1 during both autoimmunity and islet graft rejection to understand the mechanism(s) leading to islet β-cell death and dysfunction that results in insufficient circulating quantities of insulin to control glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Martin
- Laboratory of Islet Biology and Inflammation, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, United States of America; Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States of America
| | - Susan J Burke
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, United States of America
| | - Clive H Wasserfall
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
| | - J Jason Collier
- Laboratory of Islet Biology and Inflammation, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, United States of America; Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States of America.
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4
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Zhong Q, Yin J, Wang K, Chen X, Wang H, Hu X, Wang W, Wang L, Bei W, Guo J. FTZ promotes islet β-cell regeneration in T1DM mice via the regulation of nuclear proliferation factors. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023:116564. [PMID: 37244407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fufang-Zhenzhu-Tiaozhi capsule (FTZ), a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) patent prescription commonly used in clinical practice, has a significant curative effect on hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. Previous studies have shown that FTZ can treat diabetes, but the effect of FTZ on β-cell regeneration needs to be further explored in T1DM mice. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim is to investigate the role of FTZ in promoting β-cell regeneration in T1DM mice, and to further explore its mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6 mice were used as control. NOD/LtJ mice were divided into the Model group and FTZ group. Oral glucose tolerance, fasting blood glucose, and fasting insulin level were measured. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the level of β-cell regeneration and the composition of α-cells and β-cells in islets. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to detect the infiltration degree of inflammatory cells. The apoptosis of islet cells was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling. Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of Pancreas/duodenum homeobox protein 1 (PDX-1), V-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog A (MAFA), and Neurogenin-3 (NGN3). RESULTS FTZ could increase insulin levels and reduce the glucose level of T1DM mice and promote β-cell regeneration. FTZ also inhibited the invasion of inflammatory cells and the islet cell apoptosis, and maintained the normal composition of islet cells, thus preserving the quantity and quality of β-cells. Furthermore, FTZ promoting β-cell regeneration was accompanied by increasing the expression of PDX-1, MAFA, and NGN3. CONCLUSION FTZ can restore the insulin-secreting function of the impaired pancreatic islet, improve blood glucose level, possibly via the enhancing β cell regeneration via upregulation of PDX-1, MAFA, and NGN3 in T1DM mice, and may be a potential therapeutic drug for T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhong
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
| | - Jianying Yin
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
| | - Xuguang Hu
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
| | - Weixuan Wang
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
| | - Lexun Wang
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
| | - Weijian Bei
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China; Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), China; Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory against Metabolic Diseases, China.
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China; Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), China; Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory against Metabolic Diseases, China.
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5
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Bealer E, Crumley K, Clough D, King J, Behrend M, Annulis C, Li F, Soleimanpour S, Shea LD. Extrahepatic transplantation of 3D cultured stem cell-derived islet organoids on microporous scaffolds. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:3645-3655. [PMID: 37017294 PMCID: PMC10192035 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00217a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell differentiation methods have been developed to produce cells capable of insulin secretion which are showing promise in clinical trials for treatment of type-1 diabetes. Nevertheless, opportunities remain to improve cell maturation and function. Three-dimensional (3D) culture has demonstrated improved differentiation and metabolic function in organoid systems, with biomaterial scaffolds employed to direct cell assembly and facilitate cell-cell contacts. Herein, we investigate 3D culture of human stem cell-derived islet organoids, with 3D culture initiated at the pancreatic progenitor, endocrine progenitor, or immature β-cell stage. Clusters formed by reaggregation of immature β-cells could be readily seeded into the microporous poly(lactide-co-glycolide) scaffold, with control over cell number. Culture of islet organoids on scaffolds at the early to mid-stage beta cell progenitors had improved in vitro glucose stimulated insulin secretion relative to organoids formed at the pancreatic progenitor stage. Reaggregated islet organoids were transplanted into the peritoneal fat of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, which resulted in reduced blood glucose levels and the presence of systemic human C-peptide. In conclusion, 3D cell culture supports development of islet organoids as indicated by insulin secretion in vitro and supports transplantation to extrahepatic sites that leads to a reduction of hyperglycemia in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Bealer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1119 Carl A. Gerstacker Building, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Kelly Crumley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1119 Carl A. Gerstacker Building, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Daniel Clough
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1119 Carl A. Gerstacker Building, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Jessica King
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1119 Carl A. Gerstacker Building, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Maya Behrend
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1119 Carl A. Gerstacker Building, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Connor Annulis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1119 Carl A. Gerstacker Building, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Feiran Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1119 Carl A. Gerstacker Building, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Scott Soleimanpour
- Department of Internal Medicine and Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Medicine Service, Endocrinology and Metabolism Section, VA Ann Arbor Health Care System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lonnie D Shea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1119 Carl A. Gerstacker Building, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, USA
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6
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Kragesteen BK, Giladi A, David E, Halevi S, Geirsdóttir L, Lempke OM, Li B, Bapst AM, Xie K, Katzenelenbogen Y, Dahl SL, Sheban F, Gurevich-Shapiro A, Zada M, Phan TS, Avellino R, Wang SY, Barboy O, Shlomi-Loubaton S, Winning S, Markwerth PP, Dekalo S, Keren-Shaul H, Kedmi M, Sikora M, Fandrey J, Korneliussen TS, Prchal JT, Rosenzweig B, Yutkin V, Racimo F, Willerslev E, Gur C, Wenger RH, Amit I. The transcriptional and regulatory identity of erythropoietin producing cells. Nat Med 2023; 29:1191-1200. [PMID: 37106166 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02314-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Erythropoietin (Epo) is the master regulator of erythropoiesis and oxygen homeostasis. Despite its physiological importance, the molecular and genomic contexts of the cells responsible for renal Epo production remain unclear, limiting more-effective therapies for anemia. Here, we performed single-cell RNA and transposase-accessible chromatin (ATAC) sequencing of an Epo reporter mouse to molecularly identify Epo-producing cells under hypoxic conditions. Our data indicate that a distinct population of kidney stroma, which we term Norn cells, is the major source of endocrine Epo production in mice. We use these datasets to identify the markers, signaling pathways and transcriptional circuits characteristic of Norn cells. Using single-cell RNA sequencing and RNA in situ hybridization in human kidney tissues, we further provide evidence that this cell population is conserved in humans. These preliminary findings open new avenues to functionally dissect EPO gene regulation in health and disease and may serve as groundwork to improve erythropoiesis-stimulating therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjørt K Kragesteen
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Amir Giladi
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Eyal David
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shahar Halevi
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Laufey Geirsdóttir
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Olga M Lempke
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Baoguo Li
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Andreas M Bapst
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ken Xie
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Sophie L Dahl
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fadi Sheban
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Anna Gurevich-Shapiro
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Division of Haematology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Mor Zada
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Truong San Phan
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Roberto Avellino
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shuang-Yin Wang
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Oren Barboy
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shir Shlomi-Loubaton
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sandra Winning
- Institute of Physiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Snir Dekalo
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Urology Department, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hadas Keren-Shaul
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Merav Kedmi
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Martin Sikora
- GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joachim Fandrey
- Institute of Physiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Josef T Prchal
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Barak Rosenzweig
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Urology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Vladimir Yutkin
- Department of Urology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Fernando Racimo
- GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eske Willerslev
- GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Chamutal Gur
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Roland H Wenger
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research 'Kidney.CH', University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ido Amit
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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7
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Peighami R, Mehrnia M, Yazdian F, Sheikhpour M. Biocompatibility evaluation of polyethersulfone-pyrolytic carbon composite membrane in artificial pancreas. Biointerphases 2023; 18:021003. [PMID: 36944533 DOI: 10.1116/6.0002155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyethersulfone (PES) membranes are widely used in medical devices, especially intravascular devices such as intravascular bioartificial pancreases. In the current work, the pure PES and PES-pyrolytic carbon (PyC) composite membranes were synthesized and permeability studies were conducted. In addition, the cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility of the pure PES and PES-PyC membranes were investigated. These materials were characterized using peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) activation, platelet activation, platelet adhesion, ß-cell viability and proliferation, and ß-cell response to hyperglycemia. The results showed that platelet activation decreased from 87.3% to 27.8%. Any alteration in the morphology of sticking platelets was prevented, and the number of attached platelets decreased by modification with PyC. The 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay corroborated that PBMC activation was encouraged by the PyC-modified PES membrane surface. It can be concluded that PES-modified membranes show higher hemocompatibility than pure PES membranes. ß-cells cultured on all the three membranes displayed a lower rate of proliferation although the cells on the PES-PyC (0.1 wt. %) membrane indicated a slightly higher viability and proliferation than those on the pure PES and PES-PyC (0.05 wt. %) membranes. It shows that the PES-PyC (0.1 wt. %) membrane possesses superior cytocompatibility over the other membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Peighami
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Science and Technology, University of Tehran, Tehran 1439956191, Iran
| | - Mohamadreza Mehrnia
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Yazdian
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Science and Technology, University of Tehran, Tehran 1439956191, Iran
| | - Mojgan Sheikhpour
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
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8
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Luo X. Research Highlights. Transplantation 2023; 107:554-555. [PMID: 37779419 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xunrong Luo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
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9
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Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived TGFBI attenuates streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus by inhibiting T-cell proliferation. Hum Cell 2023; 36:997-1010. [PMID: 36841925 PMCID: PMC10110644 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-00868-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
MSCs have been demonstrated to have a great benefit for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) due to their strong immunosuppressive and regenerative capacity. However, the comprehensive mechanism is still unclear. Our previous study indicated that transforming growth factor beta induced (TGFBI) is highly expressed in human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem or stromal cells (hUC-MSCs), which are also implicated in T1DM. In this study, we found that infusion of TGFBI knockdown hUC-MSCs displayed impaired therapeutic effects in T1DM mice and decreased immunosuppressive capability. TGFBI knockdown hUC-MSCs could increase the proportion of T-cell infiltration while increasing the expression of IFN-gamma and interleukin-17A in the spleen. In addition, we also revealed that hUC-MSC-derived TGFBI could repress activated T-cell proliferation by interfering with G1/S checkpoint CyclinD2 expression. Our results demonstrate that TGFBI plays a critical role in MSC immunologic regulation. TGFBI could be a new immunoregulatory molecule controlling MSC function for new treatments of T1DM. Schematic Representation of the Immunosuppression capacity of hUC-MSC by TGFBI.
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10
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Liu Y, Li N, Zhu Y. Pancreatic Organoids: A Frontier Method for Investigating Pancreatic-Related Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044027. [PMID: 36835437 PMCID: PMC9959977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The pancreas represents an important organ that has not been comprehensively studied in many fields. To fill this gap, many models have been generated, and traditional models have shown good performance in addressing pancreatic-related diseases, but are increasingly struggling to keep up with the need for further research due to ethical issues, genetic heterogeneity and difficult clinical translation. The new era calls for new and more reliable research models. Therefore, organoids have been proposed as a novel model for the evaluation of pancreatic-related diseases such as pancreatic malignancy, diabetes, and pancreatic cystic fibrosis. Compared with common traditional models, including 2D cell culture and gene editing mice, organoids derived from living humans or mice cause minimal harm to the donor, raise fewer ethical concerns, and reasonably address the claims of heterogeneity, which allows for the further development of pathogenesis studies and clinical trial analysis. In this review, we analyse studies on the use of pancreatic organoids in research on pancreatic-related diseases, discuss the advantages and disadvantages, and hypothesize future trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330209, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330209, China
| | - Nianshuang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330209, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330209, China
- Jiangxi Institute of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330209, China
| | - Yin Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330209, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330209, China
- Correspondence:
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11
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Pilśniak A, Otto-Buczkowska E. Type 1 diabetes - What's new in prevention and therapeutic strategies? Pediatr Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2023; 29:196-201. [PMID: 38031834 PMCID: PMC10679919 DOI: 10.5114/pedm.2023.132028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disorder, and insulin deficiency is the result of b-cell dysfunction. Treatment of type 1 diabetes requires constant parenteral insulin administration, which can be very burdensome for the patient. Meticulous use of insulin therapy does not protect the patient against complications. Hence, the search for other methods of treatment as well as ways of preventing the onset of diabetes has been ongoing for a long time. The main obstacle in the implementation of the prevention task is the need to identify people at risk of developing diabetes before the start of autoimmunity. It seems that primary prevention is still unrealistic at the moment, because we do not know all the factors leading to the activation of autoimmunity processes. Research on the use of late secondary prevention in people who develop glucose tolerance disorders or in the early period after the onset of type 1 diabetes are at the most advanced stage. Gene therapy is another attempt at an alternative treatment and prevention of type 1 diabetes and still requires further research. Recent years have brought a lot of information about the nature of type 1 diabetes and the mechanisms leading to its development. However, it has not yet been established what factors decide about the initiation of autoimmunity and what determines the dynamics of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Pilśniak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Autoimmune and Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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12
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Du W, Wang J, Kuo T, Wang L, McKimpson WM, Son J, Watanabe H, Kitamoto T, Lee Y, Creusot RJ, Ratner LE, McCune K, Chen YW, Grubbs BH, Thornton ME, Fan J, Sultana N, Diaz BS, Balasubramanian I, Gao N, Belvedere S, Accili D. Pharmacological conversion of gut epithelial cells into insulin-producing cells lowers glycemia in diabetic animals. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e162720. [PMID: 36282594 PMCID: PMC9754100 DOI: 10.1172/jci162720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As a highly regenerative organ, the intestine is a promising source for cellular reprogramming for replacing lost pancreatic β cells in diabetes. Gut enterochromaffin cells can be converted to insulin-producing cells by forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) ablation, but their numbers are limited. In this study, we report that insulin-immunoreactive cells with Paneth/goblet cell features are present in human fetal intestine. Accordingly, lineage-tracing experiments show that, upon genetic or pharmacologic FoxO1 ablation, the Paneth/goblet lineage can also undergo conversion to the insulin lineage. We designed a screening platform in gut organoids to accurately quantitate β-like cell reprogramming and fine-tune a combination treatment to increase the efficiency of the conversion process in mice and human adult intestinal organoids. We identified a triple blockade of FOXO1, Notch, and TGF-β that, when tested in insulin-deficient streptozotocin (STZ) or NOD diabetic animals, resulted in near normalization of glucose levels, associated with the generation of intestinal insulin-producing cells. The findings illustrate a therapeutic approach for replacing insulin treatment in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Du
- Department of Medicine and Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and
| | - Junqiang Wang
- Systems Biology Institute, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Taiyi Kuo
- Department of Medicine and Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, & Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Liheng Wang
- Department of Medicine and Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and
| | | | - Jinsook Son
- Department of Medicine and Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and
| | | | | | - Yunkyoung Lee
- Forkhead BioTherapeutics Corp., New York, New York, USA
| | - Remi J. Creusot
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lloyd E. Ratner
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kasi McCune
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ya-Wen Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, and
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Brendan H. Grubbs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Matthew E. Thornton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jason Fan
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Nishat Sultana
- Department of Medicine and Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and
| | - Bryan S. Diaz
- Department of Medicine and Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and
| | | | - Nan Gao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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13
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Single-agent FOXO1 inhibition normalizes glycemia and induces gut β-like cells in streptozotocin-diabetic mice. Mol Metab 2022; 66:101618. [PMID: 36283677 PMCID: PMC9676376 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Insulin treatment remains the sole effective intervention for Type 1 Diabetes. Here, we investigated the therapeutic potential of converting intestinal epithelial cells to insulin-producing, glucose-responsive β-like cells by targeted inhibition of FOXO1. We have previously shown that this can be achieved by genetic ablation in gut Neurogenin3 progenitors, adenoviral or shRNA-mediated inhibition in human gut organoids, and chemical inhibition in Akita mice, a model of insulin-deficient diabetes. METHODS We profiled two novel FOXO1 inhibitors in reporter gene assays, and hepatocyte gene expression studies, and in vivo pyruvate tolerance test (PTT) for their activity and specificity. We evaluated their glucose-lowering effect in mice rendered insulin-deficient by administration of streptozotocin. RESULTS We provide evidence that two novel FOXO1 inhibitors, FBT432 and FBT374 have glucose-lowering and gut β-like cell-inducing properties in mice. FBT432 is also highly effective in combination with a Notch inhibitor in this model. CONCLUSION The data add to a growing body of evidence suggesting that FOXO1 inhibition be pursued as an alternative treatment to insulin administration in diabetes.
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14
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Pignatelli C, Campo F, Neroni A, Piemonti L, Citro A. Bioengineering the Vascularized Endocrine Pancreas: A Fine-Tuned Interplay Between Vascularization, Extracellular-Matrix-Based Scaffold Architecture, and Insulin-Producing Cells. TRANSPLANT INTERNATIONAL : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN SOCIETY FOR ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION 2022; 35:10555. [PMID: 36090775 PMCID: PMC9452644 DOI: 10.3389/ti.2022.10555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Intrahepatic islet transplantation is a promising β-cell replacement strategy for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. Instant blood-mediated inflammatory reactions, acute inflammatory storm, and graft revascularization delay limit islet engraftment in the peri-transplant phase, hampering the success rate of the procedure. Growing evidence has demonstrated that islet engraftment efficiency may take advantage of several bioengineering approaches aimed to recreate both vascular and endocrine compartments either ex vivo or in vivo. To this end, endocrine pancreas bioengineering is an emerging field in β-cell replacement, which might provide endocrine cells with all the building blocks (vascularization, ECM composition, or micro/macro-architecture) useful for their successful engraftment and function in vivo. Studies on reshaping either the endocrine cellular composition or the islet microenvironment have been largely performed, focusing on a single building block element, without, however, grasping that their synergistic effect is indispensable for correct endocrine function. Herein, the review focuses on the minimum building blocks that an ideal vascularized endocrine scaffold should have to resemble the endocrine niche architecture, composition, and function to foster functional connections between the vascular and endocrine compartments. Additionally, this review highlights the possibility of designing bioengineered scaffolds integrating alternative endocrine sources to overcome donor organ shortages and the possibility of combining novel immune-preserving strategies for long-term graft function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cataldo Pignatelli
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Campo
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Neroni
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Piemonti
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Citro
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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15
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Sintov E, Nikolskiy I, Barrera V, Hyoje-Ryu Kenty J, Atkin AS, Gerace D, Ho Sui SJ, Boulanger K, Melton DA. Whole-genome CRISPR screening identifies genetic manipulations to reduce immune rejection of stem cell-derived islets. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:1976-1990. [PMID: 36055241 PMCID: PMC9481918 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) provide opportunities for cell replacement therapy of insulin-dependent diabetes. Therapeutic quantities of human stem cell-derived islets (SC-islets) can be produced by directed differentiation. However, preventing allo-rejection and recurring autoimmunity, without the use of encapsulation or systemic immunosuppressants, remains a challenge. An attractive approach is to transplant SC-islets, genetically modified to reduce the impact of immune rejection. To determine the underlying forces that drive immunogenicity of SC-islets in inflammatory environments, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and whole-genome CRISPR screen of SC-islets under immune interaction with allogeneic peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Data analysis points to “alarmed” populations of SC-islets that upregulate genes in the interferon (IFN) pathway. The CRISPR screen in vivo confirms that targeting IFNγ-induced mediators has beneficial effects on SC-islet survival under immune attack. Manipulating the IFN response by depleting chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) in SC-islet grafts confers improved survival against allo-rejection compared with wild-type grafts in humanized mice. These results offer insights into the nature of immune destruction of SC-islets during allogeneic responses and provide targets for gene editing. IFN pathway induction sets the fate of SC-islets under allogeneic immune challenge “Alarm” genes drive immunogenicity of SC-islets Genetically modified SC-islets were generated and evaluated for hypo-immunogenicity CXCL10 depletion can reduce immune activation and SC-islet graft rejection
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Affiliation(s)
- Elad Sintov
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Igor Nikolskiy
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Victor Barrera
- Bioinformatics Core, Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer Hyoje-Ryu Kenty
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alexander S Atkin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dario Gerace
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shannan J Ho Sui
- Bioinformatics Core, Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kyle Boulanger
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Douglas A Melton
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
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16
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Toren E, Liu Y, Bethea M, Wade A, Hunter CS. The Ldb1 transcriptional co-regulator is required for establishment and maintenance of the pancreatic endocrine lineage. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22460. [PMID: 35881062 PMCID: PMC9397370 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200410r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic islet cell development is regulated by transcription factors (TFs) that mediate embryonic progenitor differentiation toward mature endocrine cells. Prior studies from our lab and others showed that the islet-enriched TF, Islet-1 (Isl1), interacts with the broadly-expressed transcriptional co-regulator, Ldb1, to regulate islet cell maturation and postnhyperatal function (by embryonic day (E)18.5). However, Ldb1 is expressed in the developing pancreas prior to Isl1 expression, notably in multipotent progenitor cells (MPCs) marked by Pdx1 and endocrine progenitors (EPs) expressing Neurogenin-3 (Ngn3). MPCs give rise to the endocrine and exocrine pancreas, while Ngn3+ EPs specify pancreatic islet endocrine cells. We hypothesized that Ldb1 is required for progenitor identity in MPC and EP populations during development to impact islet appearance and function. To test this, we generated a whole-pancreas Ldb1 knockout, termed Ldb1ΔPanc , and observed severe developmental and postnatal pancreas defects including disorganized progenitor pools, a significant reduction of Ngn3-expressing EPs, Pdx1HI β-cells, and early hormone+ cells. Ldb1ΔPanc neonates presented with severe hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia, and drastically reduced hormone expression in islets, yet no change in total pancreas mass. This supports the endocrine-specific actions of Ldb1. Considering this, we also developed an endocrine-enriched model of Ldb1 loss, termed Ldb1ΔEndo . We observed similar dysglycemia in this model, as well as a loss of islet identity markers. Through in vitro and in vivo chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments, we found that Ldb1 occupies key Pdx1 and Ngn3 promoter domains. Our findings provide insight into novel regulation of endocrine cell differentiation that may be vital toward improving cell-based diabetes therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Toren
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Yanping Liu
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Maigen Bethea
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Alexa Wade
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Chad S Hunter
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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17
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Song J, Hu L, Liu B, Jiang N, Huang H, Luo J, Wang L, Zeng J, Huang F, Huang M, Cai L, Tang L, Chen S, Chen Y, Wu A, Zheng S, Chen Q. The Emerging Role of Immune Cells and Targeted Therapeutic Strategies in Diabetic Wounds Healing. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:4119-4138. [PMID: 35898820 PMCID: PMC9309318 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s371939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor wound healing in individuals with diabetes has long plagued clinicians, and immune cells play key roles in the inflammation, proliferation and remodeling that occur in wound healing. When skin integrity is damaged, immune cells migrate to the wound bed through the actions of chemokines and jointly restore tissue homeostasis and barrier function by exerting their respective biological functions. An imbalance of immune cells often leads to ineffective and disordered inflammatory responses. Due to the maladjusted microenvironment, the wound is unable to smoothly transition to the proliferation and remodeling stage, causing it to develop into a chronic refractory wound. However, chronic refractory wounds consistently lead to negative outcomes, such as long treatment cycles, high hospitalization rates, high medical costs, high disability rates, high mortality rates, and many adverse consequences. Therefore, strategies that promote the rational distribution and coordinated development of immune cells during wound healing are very important for the treatment of diabetic wounds (DW). Here, we explored the following aspects by performing a literature review: 1) the current situation of DW and an introduction to the biological functions of immune cells; 2) the role of immune cells in DW; and 3) existing (or undeveloped) therapies targeting immune cells to promote wound healing to provide new ideas for basic research, clinical treatment and nursing of DW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianying Song
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lixin Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Liu
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Houqiang Huang
- Department of Nursing, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - JieSi Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feihong Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Luyao Cai
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingyu Tang
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shunli Chen
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinyi Chen
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Anguo Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Silin Zheng
- Department of Nursing, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
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18
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Tootee A, Nikbin B, Nasli Esfahani E, Arjmand B, Aghayan H, Qorbani M, Ghahari A, Larijani B. Clinical Outcomes of Fetal Stem Cell Transplantation in Type 1 Diabetes Are Related to Alternations to Different Lymphocyte Populations. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2022; 36:34. [PMID: 36128298 PMCID: PMC9448473 DOI: 10.47176/mjiri.36.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In patients with diabetes, transplantation of stem cells increases C-peptide levels and induces insulin independence for some period. Today, this positive therapeutic outcome is widely attributed to the well-documented immunomodulatory properties of stem cells. The aim of this study was to report alternations (the trend of increase or decrease) in different lymphocyte populations in a stem cell clinical trial performed in our institute. Methods: Recorded data of a clinical trial conducted on 72 patients with type 1 diabetes who had received fetal stem cell transplantation several years ago and were regularly monitored before and after the procedure in 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 months were analyzed. In these regular follow-up visits, insulin demand, HbA1c, C-peptide, and alternation to B cell and T cell populations were analyzed and recorded. For the purpose of the current study, patients were retrospectively divided into 2 groups, namely, those with the positive response to treatment and patients without such response. Temporary positive therapeutic response was defined by 2 different indicators, namely, plasma C-peptide levels and insulin dose-adjusted A1C (IDAA1c), which was calculated as A1C (percent) + (4 × insulin dose (units per kilogram per 24 h). Data analysis was performed by means of SPSS Version 18. Results: Besides the short-term therapeutic effect, we observed remarkably significant alternations to the populations of B and T lymphocytes in the recipients. When patients were retrospectively assigned to 2 different groups of patients with a positive therapeutic response (based on C-peptide changes) and those without it, it was observed that alternations to different populations of B-cells and T-cells were significantly different in these 2 groups. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that transplantation of stem cells leads to significant positive therapeutic outcomes in one group of patients who showed totally distinct patterns of alternation to different groups of lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Tootee
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrouz Nikbin
- Research Center of Molecular Immunology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ensieh Nasli Esfahani
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Aghayan
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Aziz Ghahari
- BC Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Plastic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Aydin O, Passaro AP, Raman R, Spellicy SE, Weinberg RP, Kamm RD, Sample M, Truskey GA, Zartman J, Dar RD, Palacios S, Wang J, Tordoff J, Montserrat N, Bashir R, Saif MTA, Weiss R. Principles for the design of multicellular engineered living systems. APL Bioeng 2022; 6:010903. [PMID: 35274072 PMCID: PMC8893975 DOI: 10.1063/5.0076635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Remarkable progress in bioengineering over the past two decades has enabled the formulation of fundamental design principles for a variety of medical and non-medical applications. These advancements have laid the foundation for building multicellular engineered living systems (M-CELS) from biological parts, forming functional modules integrated into living machines. These cognizant design principles for living systems encompass novel genetic circuit manipulation, self-assembly, cell-cell/matrix communication, and artificial tissues/organs enabled through systems biology, bioinformatics, computational biology, genetic engineering, and microfluidics. Here, we introduce design principles and a blueprint for forward production of robust and standardized M-CELS, which may undergo variable reiterations through the classic design-build-test-debug cycle. This Review provides practical and theoretical frameworks to forward-design, control, and optimize novel M-CELS. Potential applications include biopharmaceuticals, bioreactor factories, biofuels, environmental bioremediation, cellular computing, biohybrid digital technology, and experimental investigations into mechanisms of multicellular organisms normally hidden inside the "black box" of living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Austin P. Passaro
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Ritu Raman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | - Robert P. Weinberg
- School of Pharmacy, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | | | - Matthew Sample
- Center for Ethics and Law in the Life Sciences, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - George A. Truskey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Jeremiah Zartman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Roy D. Dar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Sebastian Palacios
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
| | - Jason Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Jesse Tordoff
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Nuria Montserrat
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - M. Taher A. Saif
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Ron Weiss
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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20
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Fanaropoulou NM. Hope Injections: The Promises of Regenerative Medicine in Curing Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. EJIFCC 2021; 32:392-397. [PMID: 34819828 PMCID: PMC8592635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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21
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Parsons RF, Baquerizo A, Kirchner VA, Malek S, Desai CS, Schenk A, Finger EB, Brennan TV, Parekh KR, MacConmara M, Brayman K, Fair J, Wertheim JA. Challenges, highlights, and opportunities in cellular transplantation: A white paper of the current landscape. Am J Transplant 2021; 21:3225-3238. [PMID: 34212485 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Although cellular transplantation remains a relatively small field compared to solid organ transplantation, the prospects for advancement in basic science and clinical care remain bountiful. In this review, notable historical events and the current landscape of the field of cellular transplantation are reviewed with an emphasis on islets (allo- and xeno-), hepatocytes (including bioartificial liver), adoptive regulatory immunotherapy, and stem cells (SCs, specifically endogenous organ-specific and mesenchymal). Also, the nascent but rapidly evolving field of three-dimensional bioprinting is highlighted, including its major processing steps and latest achievements. To reach its full potential where cellular transplants are a more viable alternative than solid organ transplants, fundamental change in how the field is regulated and advanced is needed. Greater public and private investment in the development of cellular transplantation is required. Furthermore, consistent with the call of multiple national transplant societies for allo-islet transplants, the oversight of cellular transplants should mirror that of solid organ transplants and not be classified under the unsustainable, outdated model that requires licensing as a drug with the Food and Drug Administration. Cellular transplantation has the potential to bring profound benefit through progress in bioengineering and regenerative medicine, limiting immunosuppression-related toxicity, and providing markedly reduced surgical morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald F Parsons
- Department of Surgery, Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Angeles Baquerizo
- Scripps Center for Cell and Organ Transplantation, La Jolla, California
| | - Varvara A Kirchner
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Sayeed Malek
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chirag S Desai
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Austin Schenk
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Erik B Finger
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Todd V Brennan
- Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kalpaj R Parekh
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Malcolm MacConmara
- Division of Surgical Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Kenneth Brayman
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jeffrey Fair
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Jason A Wertheim
- Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
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Brown ML, Lopez A, Meyer N, Richter A, Thompson TB. FSTL3-Neutralizing Antibodies Enhance Glucose-Responsive Insulin Secretion in Dysfunctional Male Mouse and Human Islets. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6128796. [PMID: 33539535 PMCID: PMC8384134 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is caused by insufficient insulin production from pancreatic beta cells or insufficient insulin action, leading to an inability to control blood glucose. While a wide range of treatments exist to alleviate the symptoms of diabetes, therapies addressing the root cause of diabetes through replacing lost beta cells with functional cells remain an object of active pursuit. We previously demonstrated that genetic deletion of Fstl3, a critical regulator of activin activity, enhanced beta cell number and glucose-responsive insulin production. These observations suggested the hypothesis that FSTL3 neutralization could be used to therapeutically enhance beta cell number and function in humans. To pursue this possibility, we developed an FSTL3-neutralizing antibody, FP-101, and characterized its ability to prevent or disrupt FSTL3 from complexing with activin or related ligands. This antibody was selective for FSTL3 relative to the closely related follistatin, thereby reducing the chance for off-target effects. In vitro assays with FP-101 and activin revealed that FP-101-mediated neutralization of FSTL3 can enhance both insulin secretion and glucose responsiveness to nonfunctional mouse and human islets under conditions that model diabetes. Thus, FSTL3 neutralization may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for treating diabetes through repairing dysfunctional beta cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L Brown
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, University of Saint Joseph, West Hartford, CT 06117, USA
- Correspondence: Melissa Brown, PhD, RD, CSSD, LD, University of Saint Joseph, 1678 Asylum Ave, West Hartford, CT 06117, USA. E-mail:
| | - Alexa Lopez
- Fairbanks Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Concord, MA 01742, USA
| | - Nolan Meyer
- Fairbanks Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Concord, MA 01742, USA
| | - Alden Richter
- Fairbanks Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Concord, MA 01742, USA
| | - Thomas B Thompson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
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23
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Jensen NK, Ingvorsen C, Petersen DR, Pereira MJ, Lu TTH, Alsted TJ, Kirkegaard JS, Keane KA. Characterization of the Nonendocrine Cell Populations in Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived (hESC) Islet-Like Clusters Posttransplantation. Toxicol Pathol 2021; 49:1269-1287. [PMID: 34555946 DOI: 10.1177/01926233211036395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Islet-like clusters derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESC) hold the potential to cure type 1 diabetes mellitus. Differentiation protocols of islet-like clusters lead to the generation of minor fractions of nonendocrine cells, which are mainly from endodermal and mesodermal lineages, and the risk of implanting these is unclear. In the present study, the histogenesis and the tumorigenicity of nonendocrine cells were investigated in vivo. Immunodeficient mice were implanted under the kidney capsule with islet-like clusters which were derived from differentiation of cells batches with either an intermediate or poor cell purity and followed for 8 or 26 weeks. Using immunohistochemistry and other techniques, it was found that the intermediate differentiated cell implants had limited numbers of small duct-like cysts and nonpancreatic tissue resembling gastrointestinal and retinal pigmented epithelium. In contrast, highly proliferative cystic teratomas were found at a high incidence at the implant site after 8 weeks, only in the animals implanted with the poorly differentiated cells. These findings indicate that the risk for teratoma formation and the amount of nonpancreatic tissue can be minimized by careful in-process characterization of the cells and thus highlights the importance of high purity at transplantation and a thorough ex-vivo characterization during cell product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai K Jensen
- Toxicology Development Projects, GDDS, 1450Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Camilla Ingvorsen
- Stem Cell Imaging and Pharmacology, Stem Cell R&D, 1450Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Dorthe R Petersen
- Stem Cell Biology, Stem Cell R&D, 1450Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Maria J Pereira
- Stem Cell Imaging and Pharmacology, Stem Cell R&D, 1450Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Tess T H Lu
- Target Discovery, Ochre Bio Taiwan Ltd, Taipei City
| | - Thomas J Alsted
- Stem Cell Imaging and Pharmacology, Stem Cell R&D, 1450Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
| | | | - Kevin A Keane
- Stem Cell Imaging and Pharmacology, Stem Cell R&D, 1450Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
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24
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Tissue Engineering Strategies for Improving Beta Cell Transplantation Outcome. CURRENT TRANSPLANTATION REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40472-021-00333-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
Beta cell replacement therapy as a form of islet transplantation is a promising alternative therapy with the possibility to make selected patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) insulin independent. However, this technique faces challenges such as extensive activation of the host immune system post-transplantation, lifelong need for immunosuppression, and the scarcity of islet donor pancreas. Advancement in tissue engineering strategies can improve these challenges and allow for a more widespread application of this therapy. This review will discuss the recent development and clinical translation of tissue engineering strategies in beta cell replacement therapy.
Recent Findings
Tissue engineering offers innovative solutions for producing unlimited glucose responsive cells and fabrication of appropriate devices/scaffolds for transplantation applications. Generation of pancreatic organoids with supporting cells in biocompatible biomaterials is a powerful technique to improve the function of insulin-producing cell clusters. Fabrication of physical barriers such as encapsulation strategies can protect the cells from the host immune system and allow for graft retrieval, although this strategy still faces major challenges to fully restore physiological glucose regulation.
Summary
The three main components of tissue engineering strategies including the generation of stem cell-derived insulin-producing cells and organoids and the possibilities for therapeutic delivery of cell-seeded devices to extra-hepatic sites need to come together in order to provide safe and functional insulin-producing devices for clinical beta cell replacement therapy.
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25
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Dumasia NP, Khanna AP, Pethe PS. Sonic hedgehog signals hinder the transcriptional network necessary for pancreatic endoderm formation from human embryonic stem cells. Genes Cells 2021; 26:282-297. [PMID: 33599359 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hedgehog morphogens govern multiple aspects of pancreas organogenesis and functioning with diverse outcomes across species. Although most current differentiation protocols repress Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signals during in vitro endocrine specification, the role and mechanisms through which the SHH pathway antagonizes pancreas development during in vitro human embryonic stem (hES) cell differentiation remain unclear. We modulated SHH signaling at transitory stages of hES cell-derived pancreatic progenitors and analyzed the effect on cellular fate decisions. We identify the Hedgehog pathway as a negative regulator of pancreatic endoderm formation through up-regulation of a set of pancreatobiliary markers required for ductal specification, including SOX17, FOXA2, HNF1β, HNF6, PDX1, and SOX9. Surprisingly, active Hedgehog signals impeded a group of pancreatic epithelium markers, including HNF4α, HHEX, PAX6, and PTF1α. To understand how SHH signals repress the transcription of these specific markers, we analyzed Polycomb group proteins. We found differential expression of Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 subunit, BMI1 upon Shh pathway modulation in the pancreatic progenitors. Ectopic activation of Sonic hedgehog results in over-expression of BMI1 and its associated repressive histone mark, H2AK119Ub1, in the multipotent progenitors. Our data suggest that Sonic hedgehog restricts the pancreatic differentiation program by limiting progenitor cells acquiring pancreatic epithelial fates and instead promotes pancreatobiliary differentiation. We further provide mechanistic cues of an association between Hedgehog signaling and epigenetic silencers during pancreatic lineage decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufer P Dumasia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM's NMIMS (deemed to-be) University, Mumbai, India
| | - Aparna P Khanna
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM's NMIMS (deemed to-be) University, Mumbai, India
- Centre for Computational Biology & Translational Research, Amity Institute of Biotechnology (AIB), Amity University, Mumbai, India
| | - Prasad S Pethe
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research (SCSCR), Symbiosis International University, Pune, India
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26
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Tse HM, Gardner G, Dominguez-Bendala J, Fraker CA. The Importance of Proper Oxygenation in 3D Culture. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:634403. [PMID: 33859979 PMCID: PMC8042214 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.634403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell culture typically employs inexpensive, disposable plasticware, and standard humidified CO2/room air incubators (5% CO2, ∼20% oxygen). These methods have historically proven adequate for the maintenance of viability, function, and proliferation of many cell types, but with broad variation in culture practices. With technological advances it is becoming increasingly clear that cell culture is not a “one size fits all” procedure. Recently, there is a shift toward comprehension of the individual physiological niches of cultured cells. As scale-up production of single cell and 3D aggregates for therapeutic applications has expanded, researchers have focused on understanding the role of many environmental metabolites/forces on cell function and viability. Oxygen, due to its role in cell processes and the requirement for adequate supply to maintain critical energy generation, is one such metabolite gaining increased focus. With the advent of improved sensing technologies and computational predictive modeling, it is becoming evident that parameters such as cell seeding density, culture media height, cellular oxygen consumption rate, and aggregate dimensions should be considered for experimental reproducibility. In this review, we will examine the role of oxygen in 3D cell culture with particular emphasis on primary islets of Langerhans and stem cell-derived insulin-producing SC-β cells, both known for their high metabolic demands. We will implement finite element modeling (FEM) to simulate historical and current culture methods in referenced manuscripts and innovations focusing on oxygen distribution. Our group and others have shown that oxygen plays a key role in proliferation, differentiation, and function of these 3D aggregates. Their culture in plastic consistently results in core regions of hypoxia/anoxia exacerbated by increased media height, aggregate dimensions, and oxygen consumption rates. Static gas permeable systems ameliorate this problem. The use of rotational culture and other dynamic culture systems also have advantages in terms of oxygen supply but come with the caveat that these endocrine aggregates are also exquisitely sensitive to mechanical perturbation. As recent work demonstrates, there is a strong rationale for the use of alternate in vitro systems to maintain physio-normal environments for cell growth and function for better phenotypic approximation of in vivo counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert M Tse
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Graeme Gardner
- Department of Surgery, Diabetes Research Institute, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
| | - Juan Dominguez-Bendala
- Department of Surgery, Diabetes Research Institute, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States.,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Christopher A Fraker
- Department of Surgery, Diabetes Research Institute, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
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27
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Marfil-Garza BA, Shapiro AMJ, Kin T. Clinical islet transplantation: Current progress and new frontiers. JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2021; 28:243-254. [PMID: 33417749 DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Islet transplantation (IT) is now a robust treatment for selected patients with type 1 diabetes suffering from recurrent hypoglycemia and impaired awareness of hypoglycemia. A global soar of clinical islet transplant programs attests to the commitment of many institutions and researchers to advance IT as a potential cure for this devastating disease. However, many challenges limiting the widespread applicability of clinical IT remain. In this review, we will touch on the milestones in the history of IT and its path to clinical success, discuss the current challenges around IT, propose some possible solutions, and elaborate on the frontiers envisioned in the future of clinical IT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Mark James Shapiro
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Clinical Islet Transplant Program, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Tatsuya Kin
- Clinical Islet Transplant Program, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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28
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Tootee A, Nikbin B, Ghahary A, Esfahani EN, Arjmand B, Aghayan H, Qorbani M, Larijani B. Immunopathology of Type 1 Diabetes and Immunomodulatory Effects of Stem Cells: A Narrative Review of the Literature. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 22:169-197. [PMID: 33538679 DOI: 10.2174/1871530321666210203212809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is a complex autoimmune disorder which occurs as a result of an intricate series of pathologic interactions between pancreatic β-cells and a wide range of components of both the innate and the adaptive immune systems. Stem-cell therapy, a recently-emerged potentially therapeutic option for curative treatment of diabetes, is demonstrated to cause significant alternations to both different immune cells such as macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells, T cells, and B cells and non-cellular elements including serum cytokines and different components of the complement system. Although there exists overwhelming evidence indicating that the documented therapeutic effects of stem cells on patients with T1D is primarily due to their potential for immune regulation rather than pancreatic tissue regeneration, to date, the precise underlying mechanisms remain obscure. On the other hand, immune-mediated rejection of stem cells remains one of the main obstacles to regenerative medicine. Moreover, the consequences of efferocytosis of stem-cells by the recipients' lung-resident macrophages have recently emerged as a responsible mechanism for some immune-mediated therapeutic effects of stem-cells. This review focuses on the nature of the interactions amongst different compartments of the immune systems which are involved in the pathogenesis of T1D and provides explanation as to how stem cell-based interventions can influence immune system and maintain the physiologic equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Tootee
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, . Iran
| | - Behrouz Nikbin
- Research Center of Molecular Immunology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, . Iran
| | - Aziz Ghahary
- British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Plastic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, . Canada
| | - Ensieh Nasli Esfahani
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, . Iran
| | - Babak Arjmand
- Cell therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, . Iran
| | - Hamidreza Aghayan
- Cell therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, . Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, . Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, . Iran
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29
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Arroyave F, Montaño D, Lizcano F. Diabetes Mellitus Is a Chronic Disease that Can Benefit from Therapy with Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228685. [PMID: 33217903 PMCID: PMC7698772 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality, with an increasing incidence worldwide. The impact of DM on public health in developing countries has triggered alarm due to the exaggerated costs of the treatment and monitoring of patients with this disease. Considerable efforts have been made to try to prevent the onset and reduce the complications of DM. However, because insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells progressively deteriorate, many people must receive insulin through subcutaneous injection. Additionally, current therapies do not have consistent results regarding the prevention of chronic complications. Leveraging the approval of real-time continuous glucose monitors and sophisticated algorithms that partially automate insulin infusion pumps has improved glycemic control, decreasing the burden of diabetes management. However, these advances are facing physiologic barriers. New findings in molecular and cellular biology have produced an extraordinary advancement in tissue development for the treatment of DM. Obtaining pancreatic β-cells from somatic cells is a great resource that currently exists for patients with DM. Although this therapeutic option has great prospects for patients, some challenges remain for this therapeutic plan to be used clinically. The purpose of this review is to describe the new techniques in cell biology and regenerative medicine as possible treatments for DM. In particular, this review highlights the origin of induced pluripotent cells (iPSCs) and how they have begun to emerge as a regenerative treatment that may mitigate the pathology of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Arroyave
- Doctoral Program in Biosciences, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía 250008, CU, Colombia;
| | - Diana Montaño
- Center of Biomedical Investigation (CIBUS), Universidad de La Sabana, Chía 250008, CU, Colombia;
| | - Fernando Lizcano
- Doctoral Program in Biosciences, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía 250008, CU, Colombia;
- Center of Biomedical Investigation (CIBUS), Universidad de La Sabana, Chía 250008, CU, Colombia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +57-3144120052 or +57-18615555 (ext. 23906)
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30
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Pomposelli T, Wang P, Takeuchi K, Miyake K, Ariyoshi Y, Watanabe H, Chen X, Shimizu A, Robertson N, Yamada K, Moore A. Protection of Pancreatic Islets Using Theranostic Silencing Nanoparticles in a Baboon Model of Islet Transplantation. Diabetes 2020; 69:2414-2422. [PMID: 32855170 PMCID: PMC7576559 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The long-term success of pancreatic islet transplantation (Tx) as a cure for type 1 diabetes remains limited. Islet loss after Tx related to apoptosis, inflammation, and other factors continues to limit Tx efficacy. In this project, we demonstrate a novel approach aimed at protecting islets before Tx in nonhuman primates (NHPs) (baboons) by silencing a gene (caspase-3) responsible for induction of apoptosis. This was done using siRNA (siCas-3) conjugated to magnetic nanoparticles (MNs). In addition to serving as carriers for siCas-3, these nanoparticles also act as reporters for MRI, so islets labeled with MN-siCas-3 can be monitored in vivo after Tx. In vitro studies showed the antiapoptotic effect of MN-siCas-3 on islets in culture, resulting in minimal islet loss. For in vivo studies, donor baboon islets were labeled with MN-siCas-3 and infused into recipient diabetic subjects. A dramatic reduction in insulin requirements was observed in animals transplanted with even a marginal number of labeled islets compared with controls. By demonstrating the protective effect of MN-siCas-3 in the challenging NHP model, this study proposes a novel strategy to minimize the number of donor islets required from either cadaveric or living donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Pomposelli
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Ping Wang
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
- Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Kazuhiro Takeuchi
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Katsunori Miyake
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Yuichi Ariyoshi
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Hironosuke Watanabe
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Xiaojuan Chen
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Akira Shimizu
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Neil Robertson
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
- Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Kazuhiko Yamada
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Anna Moore
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
- Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
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31
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Clough DW, King JL, Li F, Shea LD. Integration of Islet/Beta-Cell Transplants with Host Tissue Using Biomaterial Platforms. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5902435. [PMID: 32894299 PMCID: PMC8253249 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based therapies are emerging for type I diabetes mellitus (T1D), an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells, as a means to provide long-term restoration of glycemic control. Biomaterial scaffolds provide an opportunity to enhance the manufacturing and transplantation of islets or stem cell-derived β-cells. In contrast to encapsulation strategies that prevent host contact with the graft, recent approaches aim to integrate the transplant with the host to facilitate glucose sensing and insulin distribution, while also needing to modulate the immune response. Scaffolds can provide a supportive niche for cells either during the manufacturing process or following transplantation at extrahepatic sites. Scaffolds are being functionalized to deliver oxygen, angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, or trophic factors, and may facilitate cotransplantation of cells that can enhance engraftment or modulate immune responses. This local engineering of the transplant environment can complement systemic approaches for maximizing β-cell function or modulating immune responses leading to rejection. This review discusses the various scaffold platforms and design parameters that have been identified for the manufacture of human pluripotent stem cell-derived β-cells, and the transplantation of islets/β-cells to maintain normal blood glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Clough
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jessica L King
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Feiran Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lonnie D Shea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Correspondence: Lonnie D. Shea, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. E-mail:
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32
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TXNIP/TBP-2: A Master Regulator for Glucose Homeostasis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080765. [PMID: 32824669 PMCID: PMC7464905 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of thioredoxin binding protein-2 (TBP-2), which is currently known as thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP), as an important binding partner for thioredoxin (TRX) revealed that an evolutionarily conserved reduction-oxidation (redox) signal complex plays an important role for pathophysiology. Due to the reducing activity of TRX, the TRX/TXNIP signal complex has been shown to be an important regulator for redox-related signal transduction in many types of cells in various species. In addition to its role in redox-dependent regulation, TXNIP has cellular functions that are performed in a redox-independent manner, which largely rely on their scaffolding function as an ancestral α-Arrestin family. Both the redox-dependent and -independent TXNIP functions serve as regulatory pathways in glucose metabolism. This review highlights the key advances in understanding TXNIP function as a master regulator for whole-body glucose homeostasis. The potential for therapeutic advantages of targeting TXNIP in diabetes and the future direction of the study are also discussed.
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Therapeutic effects of in vivo-differentiated stem cell and Matricaria chamomilla L. Oil in diabetic rabbit. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2020; 19:453-460. [PMID: 32550197 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00530-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background The main goal of diabetes therapy is to control blood glucose levels. Objectives In this study, the effect of Matricaria chamomilla L. oil as an herbal agent, on therapeutic properties of poly L-lactic acid-based (PLLA) scaffold loaded with differentiated stem cells, is examined in the diabetic rabbit. Methods Adipose mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) were isolated from male New Zealand White rabbits and after seeding on the PLLA scaffold differentiated in the pancreatic region. In vivo differentiation of AMSCs toward pancreatic progenitor cells was evaluated by quantitative analysis of gene expressions and immunohistochemistry. Then, one normal and five diabetic groups including blank diabetic, scaffold, oil + scaffold, and differentiated cell + scaffold or oil + scaffold were assessed after 21 days of treatment. After the assessment, the diabetic groups were evaluated by clinical parameters and pancreatic histological sections. Results It was found that AMSCs were differentiated to insulin-producing cells (IPCs) in the pancreatic environment which then used for implantation. Blood glucose in the oil + scaffold, cell + scaffold, and oil + cell + scaffold groups showed a significant decrease after 21 days. In the above mentioned three groups, insulin secretion was increased significantly. Chamomile oil also caused a significant decrease in High-density lipoprotein (HDL), Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and total cholesterol levels. According to histological sections results, in cell + scaffold and oil + cell + scaffold groups, β cells were significantly increased compared to blank diabetic group. Conclusions Together these data demonstrated chamomile oil along with in vivo-differentiated stem cell is a promising new treatment for diabetes.
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