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Chevalier B, Coppin L, Romanet P, Cuny T, Maïza JC, Abeillon J, Forestier J, Walter T, Gilly O, Le Bras M, Smati S, Nunes ML, Geslot A, Grunenwald S, Mouly C, Arnault G, Wagner K, Koumakis E, Cortet-Rudelli C, Merlen É, Jannin A, Espiard S, Morange I, Baudin É, Cavaille M, Tauveron I, Teissier MP, Borson-Chazot F, Mirebeau-Prunier D, Savagner F, Pasmant É, Giraud S, Vantyghem MC, Goudet P, Barlier A, Cardot-Bauters C, Odou MF. Beyond MEN1, When to Think About MEN4? Retrospective Study on 5600 Patients in the French Population and Literature Review. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:e1482-e1493. [PMID: 38288531 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgae055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Germline CDKN1B variants predispose patients to multiple endocrine neoplasia type 4 (MEN4), a rare MEN1-like syndrome, with <100 reported cases since its discovery in 2006. Although CDKN1B mutations are frequently suggested to explain cases of genetically negative MEN1, the prevalence and phenotype of MEN4 patients is poorly known, and genetic counseling is unclear. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prevalence of MEN4 in MEN1-suspected patients and characterize the phenotype of MEN4 patients. DESIGN Retrospective observational nationwide study. Narrative review of literature and variant class reassessment. PATIENTS We included all adult patients with class 3/4/5 CDKN1B variants identified by the laboratories from the French Oncogenetic Network on Neuroendocrine Tumors network between 2015 and 2022 through germline genetic testing for MEN1 suspicion. After class reassessment, we compared the phenotype of symptomatic patients with class 4/5 CDKN1B variants (ie, with genetically confirmed MEN4 diagnosis) in our series and in literature with 66 matched MEN1 patients from the UMD-MEN1 database. RESULTS From 5600 MEN1-suspected patients analyzed, 4 with class 4/5 CDKN1B variant were found (0.07%). They presented with multiple duodenal NET, primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and adrenal nodule, isolated PHPT, PHPT, and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor. We listed 29 patients with CDKN1B class 4/5 variants from the literature. Compared with matched MEN1 patients, MEN4 patients presented lower NET incidence and older age at PHPT diagnosis. CONCLUSION The prevalence of MEN4 is low. PHPT and pituitary adenoma represent the main associated lesions, NETs are rare. Our results suggest a milder and later phenotype than in MEN1. Our observations will help to improve genetic counseling and management of MEN4 families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Chevalier
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lille University Hospital, 59000 Lille, France
- University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Lille University Hospital, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Lucie Coppin
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277-CANTHER-Cancer-Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, 59000 Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Service de Biochimie et Biologie moléculaire « Hormonologie, Métabolisme-Nutrition, Oncologie, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Pauline Romanet
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology GEnOPé, Biogénopôle, Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, INSERM, UMR1251 MMG, Hôpital de la Timone, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Thomas Cuny
- Department of Endocrinology, Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, INSERM, UMR1251 MMG, MARMARA Institute, CRMR HYPO, Hôpital de la Conception, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Maïza
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, GHSR, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de la Réunion, 97448 Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France
| | - Juliette Abeillon
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Fédération d'Endocrinologie, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69003 Lyon, France
| | - Julien Forestier
- Service d'Oncologie Médicale et Hépatogastroentérologie, Hospices Civil de Lyon, 69003 Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Walter
- Service d'Oncologie Médicale et Hépatogastroentérologie, Hospices Civil de Lyon, 69003 Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, 69003 Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Gilly
- Department of Metabolic and Endocrine Disease, CHU Nîmes, Université Montpellier, 30900 Nîmes, France
| | - Maëlle Le Bras
- Service d'endocrinologie, diabétologie, nutrition, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, l'institut du thorax, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Sarra Smati
- Service d'endocrinologie, diabétologie, nutrition, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, l'institut du thorax, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Marie Laure Nunes
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University Hospital (CHU) and University of Bordeaux, 33404 Bordeaux, France
| | - Aurore Geslot
- Service d'endocrinologie, maladies métaboliques et nutrition, pôle cardio-vasculaire et métabolique, CHU Larrey, 31059 Toulouse cedex, France
| | - Solange Grunenwald
- Service d'endocrinologie, maladies métaboliques et nutrition, pôle cardio-vasculaire et métabolique, CHU Larrey, 31059 Toulouse cedex, France
| | - Céline Mouly
- Service d'endocrinologie, maladies métaboliques et nutrition, pôle cardio-vasculaire et métabolique, CHU Larrey, 31059 Toulouse cedex, France
| | | | - Kathy Wagner
- Department of Pediatrics, CHU-Lenval, 06200 Nice, France
| | - Eugénie Koumakis
- Reference Center for Rare Disorders of Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism, Reference Center for Rare Genetic Bone Disorders, OSCAR Filière, Rheumatology Department, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP Centre-Paris University, INSERM U1160, Institut Imagine, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Christine Cortet-Rudelli
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lille University Hospital, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Émilie Merlen
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lille University Hospital, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Arnaud Jannin
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lille University Hospital, 59000 Lille, France
- University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277-CANTHER-Cancer-Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Stéphanie Espiard
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lille University Hospital, 59000 Lille, France
- University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Isabelle Morange
- Department of Endocrinology, Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, INSERM, UMR1251 MMG, MARMARA Institute, CRMR HYPO, Hôpital de la Conception, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Éric Baudin
- Department of Endocrine Oncology and Imaging, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus Grand, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Mathias Cavaille
- U1240 Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Département d'Oncogénétique, Centre Jean Perrin, 63000 Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Igor Tauveron
- Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Maladies Métaboliques, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Laboratoire GReD, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Teissier
- Unité INSERM 1094 & IRD, Université de Limoges, 87025 Limoges, France
- Service d'Endocrinologie-Diabétologie et Maladies métaboliques, Centre hospitalier universitaire Dupuytren 2, 87042 Limoges, France
| | - Françoise Borson-Chazot
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Fédération d'Endocrinologie, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69003 Lyon, France
| | - Delphine Mirebeau-Prunier
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) MITOVASC, Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, INSERM U1083, CNRS 6015, Université d'Angers, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers 49933, France
| | - Frédérique Savagner
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IFB-CHU, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Éric Pasmant
- Service de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaires, Hôpital Cochin, DMU BioPhyGen, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, AP-HP, Centre-Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France
- Institut Cochin, Cancer Department, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université de Paris, CARPEM, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Giraud
- Genetics Department, Hospices Civils de LYON (HCL), University Hospital, East Pathology Center, 69029 Bron Cedex, France
| | - Marie-Christine Vantyghem
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lille University Hospital, 59000 Lille, France
- University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Pierre Goudet
- Service de Chirurgie Viscérale et Endocrinienne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire François Mitterand, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Anne Barlier
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology GEnOPé, Biogénopôle, Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, INSERM, UMR1251 MMG, Hôpital de la Timone, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Catherine Cardot-Bauters
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lille University Hospital, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Marie Françoise Odou
- CHU Lille, Service de Biochimie et Biologie moléculaire « Hormonologie, Métabolisme-Nutrition, Oncologie, 59000 Lille, France
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-Infinite-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, 59000 Lille, France
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Csergeová L, Krbušek D, Janoštiak R. CIP/KIP and INK4 families as hostages of oncogenic signaling. Cell Div 2024; 19:11. [PMID: 38561743 PMCID: PMC10985988 DOI: 10.1186/s13008-024-00115-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
CIP/KIP and INK4 families of Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CKIs) are well-established cell cycle regulatory proteins whose canonical function is binding to Cyclin-CDK complexes and altering their function. Initial experiments showed that these proteins negatively regulate cell cycle progression and thus are tumor suppressors in the context of molecular oncology. However, expanded research into the functions of these proteins showed that most of them have non-canonical functions, both cell cycle-dependent and independent, and can even act as tumor enhancers depending on their posttranslational modifications, subcellular localization, and cell state context. This review aims to provide an overview of canonical as well as non-canonical functions of CIP/KIP and INK4 families of CKIs, discuss the potential avenues to promote their tumor suppressor functions instead of tumor enhancing ones, and how they could be utilized to design improved treatment regimens for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Csergeová
- BIOCEV-First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - David Krbušek
- BIOCEV-First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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Yang H, Yue B, Yang S, Qi A, Yang Y, Tang J, Ren G, Jiang X, Lan X, Pan C, Chen H. circUBE3C modulates myoblast development by binding to miR-191 and upregulating the expression of p27. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31159. [PMID: 38212939 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Noncoding RNAs, including miRNAs (microRNAs) and circRNAs (circular RNA), are crucial regulators of myoblast proliferation and differentiation during muscle development. However, the specific roles and molecular mechanisms of circRNAs in muscle development remain poorly understood. Based on the existing circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network, our study focuses on circUBE3C, exploring its differential expression in fetal and adult muscle tissue of the cattle and investigating its impact on myoblast proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. The functional analysis of overexpression plasmids and siRNAs (small interfering RNAs) targeting circUBE3C was comprehensively evaluated by employing an array of advanced assays, encompassing CCK-8 (cell counting kit-8), EdU (5-ethynyl-20-deoxyuridine), flow cytometry, western blot analysis, and RT-qPCR. In vivo investigations indicated that overexpression of circUBE3C impedes the process of skeletal muscle regeneration. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that circUBE3C interacts with miR-191 and alleviates the suppression of p27 through cytoplasmic separation, bioinformatics prediction, dual-luciferase reporter assay, and RIP (RNA immunoprecipitation). Our findings indicate that the novel circRNA circUBE3C competitively binds to miR-191, thereby inhibiting proliferation and promoting apoptosis in bovine primary myoblasts and unveiling a regulatory pathway in bovine skeletal muscle development. These findings expand our understanding of circRNA functions in mammals and provide a basis for further exploration of their role in myogenesis and muscle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Binglin Yue
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuling Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ao Qi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jia Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gang Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaojun Jiang
- Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Fine Seed Breeding Farm of Shaanxi Province, Fufeng, China
| | - Xianyong Lan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chuanying Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
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Khamidullina AI, Abramenko YE, Bruter AV, Tatarskiy VV. Key Proteins of Replication Stress Response and Cell Cycle Control as Cancer Therapy Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1263. [PMID: 38279263 PMCID: PMC10816012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Replication stress (RS) is a characteristic state of cancer cells as they tend to exchange precision of replication for fast proliferation and increased genomic instability. To overcome the consequences of improper replication control, malignant cells frequently inactivate parts of their DNA damage response (DDR) pathways (the ATM-CHK2-p53 pathway), while relying on other pathways which help to maintain replication fork stability (ATR-CHK1). This creates a dependency on the remaining DDR pathways, vulnerability to further destabilization of replication and synthetic lethality of DDR inhibitors with common oncogenic alterations such as mutations of TP53, RB1, ATM, amplifications of MYC, CCNE1 and others. The response to RS is normally limited by coordination of cell cycle, transcription and replication. Inhibition of WEE1 and PKMYT1 kinases, which prevent unscheduled mitosis entry, leads to fragility of under-replicated sites. Recent evidence also shows that inhibition of Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), such as CDK4/6, CDK2, CDK8/19 and CDK12/13 can contribute to RS through disruption of DNA repair and replication control. Here, we review the main causes of RS in cancers as well as main therapeutic targets-ATR, CHK1, PARP and their inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvina I. Khamidullina
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncobiology, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (Y.E.A.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yaroslav E. Abramenko
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncobiology, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (Y.E.A.)
| | - Alexandra V. Bruter
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor V. Tatarskiy
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncobiology, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (Y.E.A.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia
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5
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Saito A, Omura I, Imaizumi K. CREB3L1/OASIS: cell cycle regulator and tumor suppressor. FEBS J 2024. [PMID: 38215153 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Cell cycle checkpoints detect DNA errors, eventually arresting the cell cycle to promote DNA repair. Failure of such cell cycle arrest causes aberrant cell proliferation, promoting the pathogenesis of multiple diseases, including cancer. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress transducers activate the unfolded protein response, which not only deals with unfolded proteins in ER lumen but also orchestrates diverse physiological phenomena such as cell differentiation and lipid metabolism. Among ER stress transducers, cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 (CREB3L1) [also known as old astrocyte specifically induced substance (OASIS)] is an ER-resident transmembrane transcription factor. This molecule is cleaved by regulated intramembrane proteolysis, followed by activation as a transcription factor. OASIS is preferentially expressed in specific cells, including astrocytes and osteoblasts, to regulate their differentiation. In accordance with its name, OASIS was originally identified as being upregulated in long-term-cultured astrocytes undergoing cell cycle arrest because of replicative stress. In the context of cell cycle regulation, previously unknown physiological roles of OASIS have been discovered. OASIS is activated as a transcription factor in response to DNA damage to induce p21-mediated cell cycle arrest. Although p21 is directly induced by the master regulator of the cell cycle, p53, no crosstalk occurs between p21 induction by OASIS or p53. Here, we summarize previously unknown cell cycle regulation by ER-resident transcription factor OASIS, particularly focusing on commonalities and differences in cell cycle arrest between OASIS and p53. This review also mentions tumorigenesis caused by OASIS dysfunctions, and OASIS's potential as a tumor suppressor and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Saito
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Issei Omura
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Kazunori Imaizumi
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
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6
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Gupta S, Whaley RD, Erickson LA. Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor in a Patient With Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 4. Mayo Clin Proc 2024; 99:177-178. [PMID: 38176828 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2023.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sounak Gupta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Rumeal D Whaley
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Lori A Erickson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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Jin J, He J, Li X, Ni X, Jin X. The role of ubiquitination and deubiquitination in PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway: A potential target for cancer therapy. Gene 2023; 889:147807. [PMID: 37722609 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway controls key cellular processes, including proliferation and tumor progression, and abnormally high activation of this pathway is a hallmark in human cancers. The post-translational modification, such as Ubiquitination and deubiquitination, fine-tuning the protein level and the activity of members in this pathway play a pivotal role in maintaining normal physiological process. Emerging evidence show that the unbalanced ubiquitination/deubiquitination modification leads to human diseases via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the ubiquitination/deubiquitination regulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway may be helpful to uncover the underlying mechanism and improve the potential treatment of cancer via targeting this pathway. Herein, we summarize the latest research progress of ubiquitination and deubiquitination of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, systematically discuss the associated crosstalk between them, as well as focus the clinical transformation via targeting ubiquitination process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabei Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Jian He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Xinming Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Xiaoqi Ni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Xiaofeng Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
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Rowland RJ, Heath R, Maskell D, Thompson RF, Ranson NA, Blaza JN, Endicott JA, Noble MEM, Salamina M. Cryo-EM structure of SKP1-SKP2-CKS1 in complex with CDK2-cyclin A-p27KIP1. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10718. [PMID: 37400515 PMCID: PMC10318019 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37609-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
p27KIP1 (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B, p27) is a member of the CIP/KIP family of CDK (cyclin dependent kinase) regulators that inhibit cell cycle CDKs. p27 phosphorylation by CDK1/2, signals its recruitment to the SCFSKP2 (S-phase kinase associated protein 1 (SKP1)-cullin-SKP2) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex for proteasomal degradation. The nature of p27 binding to SKP2 and CKS1 was revealed by the SKP1-SKP2-CKS1-p27 phosphopeptide crystal structure. Subsequently, a model for the hexameric CDK2-cyclin A-CKS1-p27-SKP1-SKP2 complex was proposed by overlaying an independently determined CDK2-cyclin A-p27 structure. Here we describe the experimentally determined structure of the isolated CDK2-cyclin A-CKS1-p27-SKP1-SKP2 complex at 3.4 Å global resolution using cryogenic electron microscopy. This structure supports previous analysis in which p27 was found to be structurally dynamic, transitioning from disordered to nascent secondary structure on target binding. We employed 3D variability analysis to further explore the conformational space of the hexameric complex and uncovered a previously unidentified hinge motion centred on CKS1. This flexibility gives rise to open and closed conformations of the hexameric complex that we propose may contribute to p27 regulation by facilitating recognition with SCFSKP2. This 3D variability analysis further informed particle subtraction and local refinement approaches to enhance the local resolution of the complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhianna J Rowland
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University, Paul O'Gorman Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Richard Heath
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University, Paul O'Gorman Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Daniel Maskell
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Rebecca F Thompson
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Life Sciences Electron Microscopy, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Leeds, UK
| | - Neil A Ranson
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - James N Blaza
- Department of Chemistry, York Structural Biology Laboratory and York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD, York, UK
| | - Jane A Endicott
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University, Paul O'Gorman Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Martin E M Noble
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University, Paul O'Gorman Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Marco Salamina
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University, Paul O'Gorman Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
- Evotec (UK) Ltd., Milton, Abingdon, OX14 4RZ, UK.
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Pegka F, Ben-Califa N, Neumann D, Jäkel H, Hengst L. EpoR Activation Stimulates Erythroid Precursor Proliferation by Inducing Phosphorylation of Tyrosine-88 of the CDK-Inhibitor p27 Kip1. Cells 2023; 12:1704. [PMID: 37443738 PMCID: PMC10340229 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythrocyte biogenesis needs to be tightly regulated to secure oxygen transport and control plasma viscosity. The cytokine erythropoietin (Epo) governs erythropoiesis by promoting cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival of erythroid precursor cells. Erythroid differentiation is associated with an accumulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1, but the regulation and role of p27 during erythroid proliferation remain largely unknown. We observed that p27 can bind to the erythropoietin receptor (EpoR). Activation of EpoR leads to immediate Jak2-dependent p27 phosphorylation of tyrosine residue 88 (Y88). This modification is known to impair its CDK-inhibitory activity and convert the inhibitor into an activator and assembly factor of CDK4,6. To investigate the physiological role of p27-Y88 phosphorylation in erythropoiesis, we analyzed p27Y88F/Y88F knock-in mice, where tyrosine-88 was mutated to phenylalanine. We observed lower red blood cell counts, lower hematocrit levels, and a reduced capacity for colony outgrowth of CFU-Es (colony-forming unit-erythroid), indicating impaired cell proliferation of early erythroid progenitors. Compensatory mechanisms of reduced p27 and increased Epo expression protect from stronger dysregulation of erythropoiesis. These observations suggest that p27-Y88 phosphorylation by EpoR pathway activation plays an important role in the stimulation of erythroid progenitor proliferation during the early stages of erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fragka Pegka
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nathalie Ben-Califa
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel (D.N.)
| | - Drorit Neumann
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel (D.N.)
| | - Heidelinde Jäkel
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ludger Hengst
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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10
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Zareifard A, Beaudry F, Ndiaye K. Janus Kinase 3 phosphorylation and the JAK/STAT pathway are positively modulated by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in bovine granulosa cells. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:21. [PMID: 37337185 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-023-00482-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) is a member of the JAK family of tyrosine kinase proteins involved in cytokine receptor-mediated intracellular signal transduction through the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. JAK3 was previously shown as differentially expressed in granulosa cells (GC) of bovine pre-ovulatory follicles suggesting that JAK3 could modulate GC function and activation/inhibition of downstream targets. We used JANEX-1, a JAK3 inhibitor, and FSH treatments and analyzed proliferation markers, steroidogenic enzymes and phosphorylation of target proteins including STAT3, CDKN1B/p27Kip1 and MAPK8IP3/JIP3. Cultured GC were treated with or without FSH in the presence or not of JANEX-1. Expression of steroidogenic enzyme CYP11A1, but not CYP19A1, was upregulated in GC treated with FSH and both were significantly decreased when JAK3 was inhibited. Proliferation markers CCND2 and PCNA were reduced in JANEX-1-treated GC and upregulated by FSH. Western blots analyses showed that JANEX-1 treatment reduced pSTAT3 amounts while JAK3 overexpression increased pSTAT3. Similarly, FSH treatment increased pSTAT3 even in JANEX-1-treated GC. UHPLC-MS/MS analyses revealed phosphorylation of specific amino acid residues within JAK3 as well as CDKN1B and MAPK8IP3 suggesting possible activation or inhibition post-FSH or JANEX-1 treatments. We show that FSH activates JAK3 in GC, which could phosphorylate target proteins and likely modulate other signaling pathways involving CDKN1B and MAPK8IP3, therefore controlling GC proliferation and steroidogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Zareifard
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction Et Fertilité, Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, CRRF, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
- Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, 3200, Canada
| | - Francis Beaudry
- Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, 3200, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Sur Le Cerveau Et L'apprentissage (CIRCA), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Kalidou Ndiaye
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction Et Fertilité, Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, CRRF, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada.
- Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, 3200, Canada.
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11
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Yin Q, Ma H, Bamunuarachchi G, Zheng X, Ma Y. Long Non-Coding RNAs, Cell Cycle, and Human Breast Cancer. Hum Gene Ther 2023; 34:481-494. [PMID: 37243445 PMCID: PMC10398747 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2023.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) constitute an important class of the human transcriptome. The discovery of lncRNAs provided one of many unexpected results of the post-genomic era and uncovered a huge number of previously ignored transcriptional events. In recent years, lncRNAs are known to be linked with human diseases, with particular focus on cancer. Growing evidence has indicated that dysregulation of lncRNAs in breast cancer (BC) is strongly associated with the occurrence, development, and progress. Increasing numbers of lncRNAs have been found to interact with cell cycle progression and tumorigenesis in BC. The lncRNAs can exert their effect as a tumor suppressor or oncogene and regulate tumor development through direct or indirect regulation of cancer-related modulators and signaling pathways. What is more, lncRNAs are excellent candidates for promising therapeutic targets in BC due to the features of high tissue and cell-type specific expression. However, the underlying mechanisms of lncRNAs in BC still remain largely undefined. Here, we concisely summarize and sort out the current understanding of research progress in relationships of the roles for lncRNA in regulating the cell cycle. We also summarize the evidence for aberrant lncRNA expression in BC, and the potential for lncRNA to improve BC therapy is also discussed. Together, lncRNAs can be considered as exciting therapeutic candidates whose expression can be altered to impede BC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinan Yin
- Precision Medicine Laboratory, College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Haodi Ma
- Precision Medicine Laboratory, College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Gayan Bamunuarachchi
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Xuewei Zheng
- Precision Medicine Laboratory, College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Spatial Navigation and Memory Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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12
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Nagare S, Lokhande KB, Swamy KV. Docking and simulation studies on cyclin D/CDK4 complex for targeting cell cycle arrest in cancer using flavanone and its congener. J Mol Model 2023; 29:90. [PMID: 36881272 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05496-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Flavanone compounds are naturally occurring phytochemicals present in most of citrus fruits reported to be a potential anticancer moiety as it majorly participates in the inhibition of the cell cycle, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Because of poor bioavailability, natural flavanones were not used as therapeutic targets so flavanone congeners were prepared by modifying at B-functional group using compound libraries such as PubChem Database. Cyclin-dependent kinase is primarily activating the cell cycle and potentiating the M phase, in order to control the cell cycle in cancer cyclin-dependent pathway was targeted and potential cyclin D/CDK4 receptor protein was retrieved from Protein Data Bank (PDBID:2W9Z). The binding site was determined using FlexX docking. Flavanone and its congeners were docked against the 2W9Z receptor protein with the docking software FlexX. For validation of docking results, molecular dynamics simulations of the best-fitting molecule were carried out using Desmond Package. Noncovalent interactions like hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interaction, and Van der walls potentials for stable conformations were calculated. Thus, upon docking and molecular dynamics studies, we discovered the potential flavanone derivatives such as Flavanone 20, Flavanone 25, and Flavanone 29, will become a potential drug target in controlling cell cycle arrest and may become a futuristic candidate in targeting cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Nagare
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, D.Y. Patil Deemed to Be University, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, 400614.,Bioinformatics Research Laboratory, Dr. D.Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Tathawade Campus, Tathawade, Pune, Maharashtra, India, 411033
| | - Kiran Bharat Lokhande
- Bioinformatics Research Laboratory, Dr. D.Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Tathawade Campus, Tathawade, Pune, Maharashtra, India, 411033.,Translational Bioinformatics and Computational Genomics Research Lab, Department of Life Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Gautam Buddha Nagar, UP, 201314, India
| | - K Venkateswara Swamy
- Bioinformatics and Drug Discovery Group, MIT School of Bioengineering Science and Research, MIT Art, Design and Technology University, Pune, Maharashtra, India, 412201.
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13
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Khalid T, Hasan A, Fatima JE, Faridi SA, Khan AF, Mir SS. Therapeutic role of mTOR inhibitors in control of SARS-CoV-2 viral replication. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:2701-2711. [PMID: 36538171 PMCID: PMC9764303 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08188-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
By the end of 2019, COVID-19 was reported in Wuhan city of China, and through human-human transmission, this virus spread worldwide and became a pandemic. Initial symptoms of the disease include fever, cough, loss of smell, taste, and shortness of breath, but a decrease in the oxygen levels in the body leads, and pneumonia may ultimately lead to the patient's death. However, the symptoms vary from patient to patient. To understand COVID-19 disease pathogenesis, researchers have tried to understand the cellular pathways that could be targeted to suppress viral replication. Thus, this article reviews the markers that could be targeted to inhibit viral replication by inhibiting the translational initiation complex/regulatory kinases and upregulating host autophagic flux that may lead to a reduction in the viral load. The article also highlights that mTOR inhibitors may act as potential inhibitors of viral replication. mTOR inhibitors such as metformin may inhibit the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 Nsp's and ORFs with mTORC1, LARP1, and 4E-BP. They may also increase autophagic flux by decreasing protein degradation via inhibition of Skp2, further promoting viral cell death. These events result in cell cycle arrest at G1 by p27, ultimately causing cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Khalid
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Integral University, Kursi Road, 226026, Lucknow, India
| | - Adria Hasan
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Integral University, Kursi Road, 226026, Lucknow, India
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Integral Information and Research Centre-4 (IIRC-4), Integral University, Kursi Road, 226026, Lucknow, India
| | - Jamal E Fatima
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Integral University, Kursi Road, 226026, Lucknow, India
| | - Soban Ahmad Faridi
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Integral University, Kursi Road, 226026, Lucknow, India
| | - Ahamad Faiz Khan
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Integral University, Kursi Road, 226026, Lucknow, India
| | - Snober S Mir
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Integral Information and Research Centre-4 (IIRC-4), Integral University, Kursi Road, 226026, Lucknow, India.
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Integral University, Kursi Road, 226026, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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14
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Gupta A, Dagar G, Chauhan R, Sadida HQ, Almarzooqi SK, Hashem S, Uddin S, Macha MA, Akil ASAS, Pandita TK, Bhat AA, Singh M. Cyclin-dependent kinases in cancer: Role, regulation, and therapeutic targeting. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 135:21-55. [PMID: 37061333 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Regulated cell division is one of the fundamental phenomena which is the basis of all life on earth. Even a single base pair mutation in DNA leads to the production of the dysregulated protein that can have catastrophic consequences. Cell division is tightly controlled and orchestrated by proteins called cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDKs), which serve as licensing factors during different phases of cell division. Dysregulated cell division is one of the most important hallmarks of cancer and is commonly associated with a mutation in cyclins and CDKs along with tumor suppressor proteins. Therefore, targeting the component of the cell cycle which leads to these characteristics would be an effective strategy for treating cancers. Specifically, Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) involved in cell cycle regulation have been identified to be overexpressed in many cancers. Many studies indicate that oncogenesis occurs in cancerous cells by the overactivity of different CDKs, which impact cell cycle progression and checkpoint dysregulation which is responsible for development of tumor. The development of CDK inhibitors has emerged as a promising and novel approach for cancer treatment in both solid and hematological malignancies. Some of the novel CDK inhibitors have shown remarkable results in clinical trials, such as-Ribociclib®, Palbociclib® and Abemaciclib®, which are CDK4/6 inhibitors and have received FDA approval for the treatment of breast cancer. In this chapter, we discuss the molecular mechanism through which cyclins and CDKs regulate cell cycle progression and the emergence of cyclins and CDKs as rational targets in cancer. We also discuss recent advances in developing CDK inhibitors, which have emerged as a novel class of inhibitors, and their associated toxicities in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashna Gupta
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr B.R Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Gunjan Dagar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr B.R Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravi Chauhan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr B.R Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Hana Q Sadida
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Research Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sara K Almarzooqi
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Research Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sheema Hashem
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ammira S Al-Shabeeb Akil
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Research Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tej K Pandita
- Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ajaz A Bhat
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Research Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Mayank Singh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr B.R Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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15
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Peng HH, Yang HC, Rupa D, Yen CH, Chiu YW, Yang WJ, Luo FJ, Yuan TC. ACK1 upregulated the proliferation of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells by promoting p27 phosphorylation and degradation. J Cell Commun Signal 2022; 16:567-578. [PMID: 35247157 PMCID: PMC9733751 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-022-00670-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a malignancy with a worldwide distribution. Although intensive studies have been made, the underlying oncogenic mechanism of HNSCC requires further investigation. In this study, we examined the oncogenic role of activated Cdc42-associated kinase 1 (ACK1), an oncogenic tyrosine kinase, in regulating the proliferation of HNSCC cells and its underlying molecular mechanism. Results from immunohistochemical studies revealed that ACK1 was highly expressed in HNSCC tumors, with 77% (77/100) of tumors showing a high ACK1 immunoreactivity compared to 40% (8/20) of normal mucosa. Knockdown of ACK1 expression in HNSCC cells resulted in elevated p27 expression, reduced cell proliferation, and G1-phase cell cycle arrest. Rescue of ACK1 expression in the ACK1-knockdown cells suppressed p27 expression and restored cell proliferation. Compared to ACK1-knockdown cells, ACK1-rescued cells exhibited a restored p27 expression after MG132 treatment and showed an elevated level of ubiquitinated p27. Our data further showed that knockdown of ubiquitin ligase Skp2 resulted in elevated p27 expression. Importantly, the expression of p27(WT), p27(Y74F), or p27(Y89F) in ACK1-overexpressed 293T cells or ACK1-rescued SAS cells showed higher levels of tyrosyl-phosphorylated p27 and interaction with ACK1 or Skp2. However, the expression of p27(Y88F) mutant exhibited a relatively low phosphorylation level and barely bound with ACK1 or Skp2, showing a basal interaction as the control cells. These results suggested that ACK1 is highly expressed in HNSCC tumors and functions to promote cell proliferation by the phosphorylation and degradation of p27 in the Skp2-mediated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Hsiang Peng
- grid.260567.00000 0000 8964 3950Department of Life Science, National Dong Hwa University, No. 1, Sec. 2, Da Hsueh Rd., Shoufeng, Hualien, 974301 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hao-Chin Yang
- grid.260567.00000 0000 8964 3950Department of Life Science, National Dong Hwa University, No. 1, Sec. 2, Da Hsueh Rd., Shoufeng, Hualien, 974301 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Darius Rupa
- grid.260567.00000 0000 8964 3950Department of Life Science, National Dong Hwa University, No. 1, Sec. 2, Da Hsueh Rd., Shoufeng, Hualien, 974301 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Han Yen
- grid.260567.00000 0000 8964 3950Department of Life Science, National Dong Hwa University, No. 1, Sec. 2, Da Hsueh Rd., Shoufeng, Hualien, 974301 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ya-Wen Chiu
- grid.260567.00000 0000 8964 3950Department of Life Science, National Dong Hwa University, No. 1, Sec. 2, Da Hsueh Rd., Shoufeng, Hualien, 974301 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Jia Yang
- grid.415323.20000 0004 0639 3300Department of Pathology, Mennonite Christian Hospital, Hualien, 970 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Fuh-Jinn Luo
- grid.415323.20000 0004 0639 3300Department of Pathology, Mennonite Christian Hospital, Hualien, 970 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ta-Chun Yuan
- grid.260567.00000 0000 8964 3950Department of Life Science, National Dong Hwa University, No. 1, Sec. 2, Da Hsueh Rd., Shoufeng, Hualien, 974301 Taiwan, Republic of China
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Endo I, Amatya VJ, Kushitani K, Kambara T, Nakagiri T, Fujii Y, Takeshima Y. Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2 mRNA Binding Protein 3 Promotes Cell Proliferation of Malignant Mesothelioma Cells by Downregulating p27Kip1. Front Oncol 2022; 11:795467. [PMID: 35127504 PMCID: PMC8807558 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.795467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma is a tumor with a poor prognosis, mainly caused by asbestos exposure and with no adequate treatment yet. To develop future therapeutic targets, we analyzed the microarray dataset GSE 29370 of malignant mesothelioma and reactive mesothelial hyperplasia, downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We identified insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3) as one of the significantly upregulated genes in malignant mesothelioma. IGF2BP3 functions as an oncoprotein in many human cancers; however, to our knowledge, this is the first study on the biological function of IGF2BP3 in malignant mesothelioma cells. The knockdown of IGF2BP3 in malignant mesothelioma cells resulted in the suppression of cell proliferation with an increase in the proportion of cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Furthermore, knockdown of IGF2BP3 inhibited cell migration and invasion. We focused on the cell cycle assay to investigate the role of IGF2BP3 in cell proliferation in malignant mesothelioma. Among the various proteins involved in cell cycle regulation, the expression of p27 Kip1 (p27) increased significantly upon IGF2BP3 knockdown. Next, p27 siRNA was added to suppress the increased expression of p27. The results showed that p27 knockdown attenuated the effects of IGF2BP3 knockdown on cell proliferation and G1 phase arrest. In conclusion, we found that IGF2BP3 promotes cell proliferation, a critical step in tumorigenesis, by suppressing the expression of p27 in malignant mesothelioma.
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17
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Fagundes R, Teixeira LK. Cyclin E/CDK2: DNA Replication, Replication Stress and Genomic Instability. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:774845. [PMID: 34901021 PMCID: PMC8652076 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.774845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA replication must be precisely controlled in order to maintain genome stability. Transition through cell cycle phases is regulated by a family of Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (CDKs) in association with respective cyclin regulatory subunits. In normal cell cycles, E-type cyclins (Cyclin E1 and Cyclin E2, CCNE1 and CCNE2 genes) associate with CDK2 to promote G1/S transition. Cyclin E/CDK2 complex mostly controls cell cycle progression and DNA replication through phosphorylation of specific substrates. Oncogenic activation of Cyclin E/CDK2 complex impairs normal DNA replication, causing replication stress and DNA damage. As a consequence, Cyclin E/CDK2-induced replication stress leads to genomic instability and contributes to human carcinogenesis. In this review, we focus on the main functions of Cyclin E/CDK2 complex in normal DNA replication and the molecular mechanisms by which oncogenic activation of Cyclin E/CDK2 causes replication stress and genomic instability in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonardo K. Teixeira
- Group of Cell Cycle Control, Program of Immunology and Tumor Biology, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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18
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Kikuchi K, Kaida D. CCNE1 and E2F1 Partially Suppress G1 Phase Arrest Caused by Spliceostatin A Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111623. [PMID: 34769053 PMCID: PMC8584075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The potent splicing inhibitor spliceostatin A (SSA) inhibits cell cycle progression at the G1 and G2/M phases. We previously reported that upregulation of the p27 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor encoded by CDKN1B and its C-terminal truncated form, namely p27*, which is translated from CDKN1B pre-mRNA, is one of the causes of G1 phase arrest caused by SSA treatment. However, the detailed molecular mechanism underlying G1 phase arrest caused by SSA treatment remains to be elucidated. In this study, we found that SSA treatment caused the downregulation of cell cycle regulators, including CCNE1, CCNE2, and E2F1, at both the mRNA and protein levels. We also found that transcription elongation of the genes was deficient in SSA-treated cells. The overexpression of CCNE1 and E2F1 in combination with CDKN1B knockout partially suppressed G1 phase arrest caused by SSA treatment. These results suggest that the downregulation of CCNE1 and E2F1 contribute to the G1 phase arrest induced by SSA treatment, although they do not exclude the involvement of other factors in SSA-induced G1 phase arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kikuchi
- School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan;
| | - Daisuke Kaida
- Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
- Correspondence:
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19
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Wang F, Li Z, Zhou J, Wang G, Zhang W, Xu J, Liang A. SIRT1 regulates the phosphorylation and degradation of P27 by deacetylating CDK2 to promote T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia progression. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:259. [PMID: 34407842 PMCID: PMC8371879 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02071-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Despite marked advances in the clinical therapies, clinical outcome of most T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) patients remains poor, due to the high risk of relapse, even after complete remission. Previous studies suggest that the NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) has a dual role in hematologic malignancies, acting as a tumor suppressor or tumor promoter depending on the tumor type. However, little is known about the expression and functions of SIRT1 in T-ALL leukemogenesis. Methods Public RNA-seq data, a Notch1 driven T-ALL mouse model and γ-secretase inhibitor were used to identify SIRT1 expression in T-ALL. We knocked down SIRT1 expression with ShRNAs and assessed the impacts of SIRT1 deficiency on cell proliferation, colony formation, the cell cycle and apoptosis. Transgenic SIRT1 knockout mice were used to determine the function of SIRT1 in vivo. RT-PCR, western blot, co-immunoprecipitation and ubiquitination analyses were used to detect SIRT1, p27 and CDK2 expression and their interactions. Results SIRT1 protein expression was positively correlated with the activation of Notch1. Downregulation of SIRT1 expression suppressed the proliferation and colony formation of T-ALL cell lines, which was reversed by SIRT1 overexpression. SIRT1 silencing prolonged the lifespan of T-ALL model mice. We demonstrated that p27 was involved in the downstream mechanism of cell cycle arrest induced by silencing SIRT1. SIRT1 increased the phosphorylation of p27 on Thr187 by deacetylating CDK2 and enhanced the interaction between p27 and SKP2 leading to the degradation of p27. Conclusion Our findings suggest that SIRT1 is a promising target in T-ALL and offer a mechanistic link between the upregulation of SIRT1 and downregulation of p27. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-021-02071-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangce Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangming Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Xu
- East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China.
| | - Aibin Liang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Kaulich M, Link VM, Lapek JD, Lee YJ, Glass CK, Gonzalez DJ, Dowdy SF. A Cdk4/6-dependent phosphorylation gradient regulates the early to late G1 phase transition. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14736. [PMID: 34282211 PMCID: PMC8290049 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94200-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
During early G1 phase, Rb is exclusively mono-phosphorylated by cyclin D:Cdk4/6, generating 14 different isoforms with specific binding patterns to E2Fs and other cellular protein targets. While mono-phosphorylated Rb is dispensable for early G1 phase progression, interfering with cyclin D:Cdk4/6 kinase activity prevents G1 phase progression, questioning the role of cyclin D:Cdk4/6 in Rb inactivation. To dissect the molecular functions of cyclin D:Cdk4/6 during cell cycle entry, we generated a single cell reporter for Cdk2 activation, RB inactivation and cell cycle entry by CRISPR/Cas9 tagging endogenous p27 with mCherry. Through single cell tracing of Cdk4i cells, we identified a time-sensitive early G1 phase specific Cdk4/6-dependent phosphorylation gradient that regulates cell cycle entry timing and resides between serum-sensing and cyclin E:Cdk2 activation. To reveal the substrate identity of the Cdk4/6 phosphorylation gradient, we performed whole proteomic and phospho-proteomic mass spectrometry, and identified 147 proteins and 82 phospho-peptides that significantly changed due to Cdk4 inhibition in early G1 phase. In summary, we identified novel (non-Rb) cyclin D:Cdk4/6 substrates that connects early G1 phase functions with cyclin E:Cdk2 activation and Rb inactivation by hyper-phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Kaulich
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. .,Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Verena M Link
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John D Lapek
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA.,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yeon J Lee
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christopher K Glass
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - David J Gonzalez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA.,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Steven F Dowdy
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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21
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Bergqvist M, Elebro K, Borgquist S, Rosendahl AH. Adipocytes Under Obese-Like Conditions Change Cell Cycle Distribution and Phosphorylation Profiles of Breast Cancer Cells: The Adipokine Receptor CAP1 Matters. Front Oncol 2021; 11:628653. [PMID: 33738261 PMCID: PMC7962603 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.628653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and associated metabolic conditions impact adipocyte functionality with potential consequences for breast cancer risk and prognosis, but contributing mechanisms remain to be understood. The adipokine receptor adenylyl cyclase-associated protein-1 (CAP1) has been implicated in the progression of breast cancer, but results are conflicting and the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unknown. In this study, molecular and cellular effects in breast cancer cells by stimulation of adipocytes under normal or obese-like conditions, and potential involvement of CAP1, were assessed. MATERIAL AND METHODS Estrogen receptor (ER)-positive T47D and ER-negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were exposed to adipocyte-secretome from adipocytes placed under pressures mimicking normal and obese-like metabolic conditions. Changes in phosphorylated kinase proteins and related biological pathways were assessed by phospho-antibody array and PANTHER analysis, cell proliferation were investigated through sulforhodamine B, cell cycle distribution by flow cytometry. Functional effects of CAP1 were subsequently examined following small interfering (si)RNA-mediated knockdown. RESULTS Protein phosphorylations involved in important biological processes were enriched in T47D breast cancer cells in response to adipocyte secretome from obese-like compared with normal conditions. The obesity-associated adipocyte secretome further stimulated cell proliferation and a shift from cell cycle G1-phase to S- and G2/M-phase was observed. Silencing of CAP1 decreased cell proliferation in both T47D and MDA-MB-231 cells, and reduced the obesity-associated secretome-induction of phosphoproteins involved in cell proliferation pathways. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the adipocyte secretome and CAP1 are mechanistically important for the proliferation of both ER-positive and ER-negative breast cancer cells, and potential signaling mediators were identified. These studies provide biological insight into how obesity-associated factors could affect breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Bergqvist
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Elebro
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Surgery, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Signe Borgquist
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ann H. Rosendahl
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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22
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Dang F, Nie L, Wei W. Ubiquitin signaling in cell cycle control and tumorigenesis. Cell Death Differ 2020; 28:427-438. [PMID: 33130827 PMCID: PMC7862229 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00648-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle progression is a tightly regulated process by which DNA replicates and cell reproduces. The major driving force underlying cell cycle progression is the sequential activation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), which is achieved in part by the ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of their cyclin partners and kinase inhibitors (CKIs). In eukaryotic cells, two families of E3 ubiquitin ligases, anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome and Skp1-Cul1-F-box protein complex, are responsible for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of many of these CDK regulators, ensuring cell cycle progresses in a timely and precisely regulated manner. In the past couple of decades, accumulating evidence have demonstrated that the dysregulated cell cycle transition caused by inefficient proteolytic control leads to uncontrolled cell proliferation and finally results in tumorigenesis. Based upon this notion, targeting the E3 ubiquitin ligases involved in cell cycle regulation is expected to provide novel therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment. Thus, a better understanding of the diversity and complexity of ubiquitin signaling in cell cycle regulation will shed new light on the precise control of the cell cycle progression and guide anticancer drug development. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabin Dang
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Li Nie
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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23
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Integrating Old and New Paradigms of G1/S Control. Mol Cell 2020; 80:183-192. [PMID: 32946743 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Cdk-Rb-E2F pathway integrates external and internal signals to control progression at the G1/S transition of the mammalian cell cycle. Alterations in this pathway are found in most human cancers, and specific cyclin-dependent kinase Cdk4/6 inhibitors are approved or in clinical trials for the treatment of diverse cancers. In the long-standing paradigm for G1/S control, Cdks inactivate the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (Rb) through phosphorylation, which releases E2F transcription factors to drive cell-cycle progression from G1 to S. However, recent observations in the laboratory and clinic challenge central tenets of the current paradigm and demonstrate that our understanding of the Rb pathway and G1/S control is still incomplete. Here, we integrate these new findings with the previous paradigm to synthesize a current molecular and cellular view of the mammalian G1/S transition. A more complete and accurate understanding of G1/S control will lead to improved therapeutic strategies targeting the cell cycle in cancer.
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24
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Rashid A, Wang R, Zhang L, Yue J, Yang M, Yen A. Dissecting the novel partners of nuclear c-Raf and its role in all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-induced myeloblastic leukemia cells differentiation. Exp Cell Res 2020; 394:111989. [PMID: 32283065 PMCID: PMC10656057 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.111989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is an anti-cancer differentiation therapy agent effective for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) but not acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in general. Using the HL-60 human non-APL AML model where ATRA causes nuclear enrichment of c-Raf that drives differentiation and G1/G0 cell cycle arrest, we now observe that c-Raf in the nucleus showed novel interactions with several prominent regulators of the cell cycle and cell differentiation. One is cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (Cdk2). ATRA treatment caused c-Raf to dissociate from Cdk2. This was associated with enhanced binding of Cdk2 with retinoic acid receptor α (RARα). Consistent with this novel Raf/CDK2/RARα axis contributing to differentiation, CD38 expression per cell, which is transcriptionally regulated by a retinoic acid response element (RARE), is enhanced. The RB tumor suppressor, a fundamental regulator of G1 cell cycle progression or arrest, was also targeted by c-Raf in the nucleus. RB and specifically the S608 phosphorylated form (pS608RB) complexed with c-Raf. ATRA treatment induced S608RB-hypophosphorylation associated with G1/G0 cell cycle arrest and release of c-Raf from RB. We also found that nuclear c-Raf interacted with SMARCD1, a pioneering component of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex. ATRA treatment diminished the amount of this protein bound to c-Raf. The data suggest that ATRA treatment to HL-60 human cells re-directed c-Raf from its historically pro-proliferation functions in the cytoplasm to pro-differentiation functions in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Rashid
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China; Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China; Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Jianbo Yue
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mengsu Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Andrew Yen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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25
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Varone A, Spano D, Corda D. Shp1 in Solid Cancers and Their Therapy. Front Oncol 2020; 10:935. [PMID: 32596156 PMCID: PMC7300250 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Shp1 is a cytosolic tyrosine phosphatase that regulates a broad range of cellular functions and targets, modulating the flow of information from the cell membrane to the nucleus. While initially studied in the hematopoietic system, research conducted over the past years has expanded our understanding of the biological role of Shp1 to other tissues, proposing it as a novel tumor suppressor gene functionally involved in different hallmarks of cancer. The main mechanism by which Shp1 curbs cancer development and progression is the ability to attenuate and/or terminate signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation, survival, migration, and invasion. Thus, alterations in Shp1 function or expression can contribute to several human diseases, particularly cancer. In cancer cells, Shp1 activity can indeed be affected by mutations or epigenetic silencing that cause failure of Shp1-mediated homeostatic maintenance. This review will discuss the current knowledge of the cellular functions controlled by Shp1 in non-hematopoietic tissues and solid tumors, the mechanisms that regulate Shp1 expression, the role of its mutation/expression status in cancer and its value as potential target for cancer treatment. In addition, we report information gathered from the public available data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database on Shp1 genomic alterations and correlation with survival in solid cancers patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Varone
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Spano
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Corda
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
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26
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Zhao L, Wang X, Pomlok K, Liao H, Yang G, Yang X, Chen YG. DDB1 promotes the proliferation and hypertrophy of chondrocytes during mouse skeleton development. Dev Biol 2020; 465:100-107. [PMID: 32479761 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The proliferation and hypertrophy of chondrocytes play important roles in endochondral ossification, which is tightly regulated during skeleton development. However, the regulation mechanism remains largely unknown. Here we show that DDB1 (Damaged DNA Binding Protein 1) has a critical function in the development of growth plates. Using chondrocyte-specific DDB1 knockout mice, we found that DDB1 deletion in chondrocytes results in dwarfism due to the aberrant skeleton development. The structure of growth plate in tibia becomes disordered at P21, not in femur. But at P70, the changes are severer in femur than tibia. Chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation are attenuated and asynchronous in both tibia and femur at P7 and P21. Furthermore, DDB1 deficiency induces p27 upregulation and subsequent cell cycle arrest in primary chondrocytes. Therefore, our data reveal that DDB1 is essential for the skeleton development by controlling chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianzheng Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Kumpanat Pomlok
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hongwei Liao
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Guan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Ye-Guang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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27
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Zhang D, Wu P, Zhang Z, An W, Zhang C, Pan S, Tan Y, Xu H. Overexpression of negative regulator of ubiquitin-like proteins 1 (NUB1) inhibits proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer cells through upregulation of p27Kip1 and inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:153002. [PMID: 32703484 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC), one of the most common causes of malignant tumors, is characterized by a high degree of heterogeneity, which represents a bottleneck in gaining comprehensive insights into its pathogenesis. Negative regulator of ubiquitin-like proteins 1 (NUB1) is a transcription factor that negatively regulates ubiquitylation system. Although the abnormal expression of NUB1 has been reported in many types of cancer, its expression pattern and functions in GC are poorly understood. MATERIALS AND METHODS The link between NUB1 expression and clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed by immunohistochemical staining, and the suitability of NUB1 as a prognostic marker was explored using a public database on mRNA expression levels. NUB1 overexpression was performed by lentiviral transfection. Cell proliferation was estimated using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The effect on NUB1 on cell cycle was analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and western blotting experiments were used to explore the mechanism of p27Kip1 regulation by NUB1. Cell migration and invasion were determined by wound healing and transwell assays, respectively. Expression levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) indicator proteins were determined by western blotting. RESULTS In this study, based on a comparative analysis of cancer tissues from 116 post-operative GC patients with the respective paracancerous healthy tissues, we found that NUB1 was downregulated in GC tissues. At the same time, a low expression level of NUB1 was closely related to poor prognosis. Results from In vitro cancer cell experiments verified that overexpressed NUB1 inhibited GC proliferation, migration, and invasion. In addition, NUB1 upregulated the expression of p27Kip1 and blocked the G1/S phase transition in cell cycle. Finally, NUB1 inhibited the process of EMT by upregulating E-cadherin and downregulating N-cadherin, vimentin, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2). CONCLUSION Reduced NUB1 levels were positively associated to poor prognosis of GC, whereas NUB1 overexpression inhibited the proliferation and blocked the G1/S phase transition in GC cells. This may be strongly coupled to the post-translational modification mechanism (PTM), which could, in turn, reduce the level of ubiquitinylated p27Kip1 and upregulate its expression. In addition, NUB1 overexpression inhibited GC migration and invasion by regulating EMT. In view of the positive tumor-suppressive effect of NUB1 on GC occurrence and progression reported here, this study enhances our understanding of the molecular mechanism of NUB1-mediated GC regulation, and may provide insights into novel drug targets or anti-tumor strategies with better accuracy and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang City 110001, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang City 110001, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang City 110001, China
| | - Wen An
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang City 110001, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang City 110001, China
| | - Siwei Pan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang City 110001, China
| | - Yuen Tan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang City 110001, China
| | - Huimian Xu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang City 110001, China; Key Laboratory of Gastric Cancer Molecular Pathology of Liaoning Province, 155 North Street, Heping District, Shenyang City 110001, China.
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28
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Gonzalez L, Nebreda AR. RINGO/Speedy proteins, a family of non-canonical activators of CDK1 and CDK2. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 107:21-27. [PMID: 32317145 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) require the binding to a regulatory subunit to acquire enzymatic activity, and cyclins are the canonical CDK activators. However, there are specific situations in which CDKs can be activated by non-cyclin proteins that are less characterized. This review focuses on the family of RINGO/Speedy proteins, which have no sequence amino acid homology to cyclins but can bind to and activate CDK1 and CDK2. Interestingly, RINGO/Speedy proteins can activate CDKs under conditions in which CDK-cyclin complexes would not be active, and there is evidence that RINGO/Speedy-activated CDKs can phosphorylate different sites than the cyclin-activated CDKs. RINGO/Speedy proteins were originally described in Xenopus oocytes, but their roles in mammalian cells have also been addressed. We will summarize the properties of RINGO/Speedy proteins and how they trigger CDK activation, and discuss recent studies that characterized their physiological functions. In particular, studies using genetically modified mice have shown that RingoA, also known as Spy1, plays a key role in meiosis regulation. Emerging evidence also suggests a potential role for RingoA/Spy1 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gonzalez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angel R Nebreda
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
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29
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Rashid A, Duan X, Gao F, Yang M, Yen A. Roscovitine enhances all- trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-induced nuclear enrichment of an ensemble of activated signaling molecules and augments ATRA-induced myeloid cell differentiation. Oncotarget 2020; 11:1017-1036. [PMID: 32256976 PMCID: PMC7105165 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although ATRA represents a successful differentiation therapy for APL, it is largely ineffective for non-APL AMLs. Hence combination therapies using an agent targeting ATRA-regulated molecules that drive cell differentiation/arrest are of interest. Using the HL-60 human non-APL AML model where ATRA causes nuclear enrichment of c-Raf that drives differentiation/G0-arrest, we now observe that roscovitine enhanced nuclear enrichment of certain traditionally cytoplasmic signaling molecules and enhanced differentiation and cell cycle arrest. Roscovitine upregulated ATRA-induced nuclear c-Raf phosphorylation at S259 and S289/296/301. Nuclear c-Raf interacted with RB protein and specifically with pS608RB, the hinge region phosphorylation controlling E2F binding and cell cycle progression. ATRA-induced loss of pS608RB with cell cycle arrest was associated with loss of RB-sequestered c-Raf, thereby coupling cell cycle arrest and increased availability of c-Raf to promote differentiation. Part of this mechanism reflects promoting cell cycle arrest via ATRA-induced upregulation of the p27 Kip1 CDKI. Roscovitine also enhanced the ATRA-induced nuclear enrichment of other signaling molecules traditionally perceived as cytoplasmic promoters of proliferation, but now known to promote differentiation; in particular: SFKs, Lyn, Fgr; adaptor proteins, c-Cbl, SLP-76; a guanine exchange factor, Vav1; and a transcription factor, IRF-1. Akin to c-Raf, Lyn bound to RB, specifically to pS608RB. Lyn-pS608RB association was greatly diminished by ATRA and essentially lost in ATRA plus roscovitine treated cells. Interestingly Lyn-KD enhanced such ATRA-induced nuclear signaling and differentiation and made roscovitine more effective. ATRA thus mobilized traditionally cytoplasmic signaling molecules to the nucleus where they drove differentiation which were further enhanced by roscovitine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Rashid
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Xin Duan
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Gao
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengsu Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Andrew Yen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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30
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Cai Z, Moten A, Peng D, Hsu CC, Pan BS, Manne R, Li HY, Lin HK. The Skp2 Pathway: A Critical Target for Cancer Therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 67:16-33. [PMID: 32014608 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Strictly regulated protein degradation by ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is essential for various cellular processes whose dysregulation is linked to serious diseases including cancer. Skp2, a well characterized component of Skp2-SCF E3 ligase complex, is able to conjugate both K48-linked ubiquitin chains and K63-linked ubiquitin chains on its diverse substrates, inducing proteasome mediated proteolysis or modulating the function of tagged substrates respectively. Overexpression of Skp2 is observed in various human cancers associated with poor survival and adverse therapeutic outcomes, which in turn suggests that Skp2 engages in tumorigenic activity. To that end, the oncogenic properties of Skp2 are demonstrated by various genetic mouse models, highlighting the potential of Skp2 as a target for tackling cancer. In this article, we will describe the downstream substrates of Skp2 as well as upstream regulators for Skp2-SCF complex activity. We will further summarize the comprehensive oncogenic functions of Skp2 while describing diverse strategies and therapeutic platforms currently available for developing Skp2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Cai
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, 27101, USA.
| | - Asad Moten
- National Capital Consortium, Department of Defense, Washington DC, 20307, USA; Institute for Complex Systems, HealthNovations International, Houston, TX, 77089, USA; Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA; Center on Genomics, Vulnerable Populations, and Health Disparities, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Danni Peng
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Che-Chia Hsu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Bo-Syong Pan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Rajeshkumar Manne
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Hong-Yu Li
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Science, 200 South Cedar, Little Rock AR 72202, USA
| | - Hui-Kuan Lin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, 27101, USA; Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
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31
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Defoe DM, Rao H, Harris DJ, Moore PD, Brocher J, Harrison TA. A non-canonical role for p27Kip1 in restricting proliferation of corneal endothelial cells during development. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0226725. [PMID: 31929545 PMCID: PMC6957298 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell cycle regulator p27Kip1 is a critical factor controlling cell number in many lineages. While its anti-proliferative effects are well-established, the extent to which this is a result of its function as a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor or through other known molecular interactions is not clear. To genetically dissect its role in the developing corneal endothelium, we examined mice harboring two loss-of-function alleles, a null allele (p27−) that abrogates all protein function and a knockin allele (p27CK−) that targets only its interaction with cyclins and CDKs. Whole-animal mutants, in which all cells are either homozygous knockout or knockin, exhibit identical proliferative increases (~0.6-fold) compared with wild-type tissues. On the other hand, use of mosaic analysis with double markers (MADM) to produce infrequently-occurring clones of wild-type and mutant cells within the same tissue environment uncovers a roughly three- and six-fold expansion of individual p27CK−/CK− and p27−/− cells, respectively. Mosaicism also reveals distinct migration phenotypes, with p27−/− cells being highly restricted to their site of production and p27CK−/CK− cells more widely scattered within the endothelium. Using a density-based clustering algorithm to quantify dispersal of MADM-generated clones, a four-fold difference in aggregation is seen between the two types of mutant cells. Overall, our analysis reveals that, in developing mouse corneal endothelium, p27 regulates cell number by acting cell autonomously, both through its interactions with cyclins and CDKs and through a cyclin-CDK-independent mechanism(s). Combined with its parallel influence on cell motility, it constitutes a potent multi-functional effector mechanism with major impact on tissue organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis M. Defoe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Huiying Rao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian, Fuzhou, Peoples Republic of China
| | - David J. Harris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States of America
| | - Preston D. Moore
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States of America
- Graduate Biomedical Research Program, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States of America
| | | | - Theresa A. Harrison
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States of America
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32
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Abstract
The transition between proliferating and quiescent states must be carefully regulated to ensure that cells divide to create the cells an organism needs only at the appropriate time and place. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are critical for both transitioning cells from one cell cycle state to the next, and for regulating whether cells are proliferating or quiescent. CDKs are regulated by association with cognate cyclins, activating and inhibitory phosphorylation events, and proteins that bind to them and inhibit their activity. The substrates of these kinases, including the retinoblastoma protein, enforce the changes in cell cycle status. Single cell analysis has clarified that competition among factors that activate and inhibit CDK activity leads to the cell's decision to enter the cell cycle, a decision the cell makes before S phase. Signaling pathways that control the activity of CDKs regulate the transition between quiescence and proliferation in stem cells, including stem cells that generate muscle and neurons. © 2020 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 10:317-344, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary A Coller
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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33
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Moon H, Jeon SG, Kim JI, Kim HS, Lee S, Kim D, Park S, Moon M, Chung H. Pharmacological Stimulation of Nurr1 Promotes Cell Cycle Progression in Adult Hippocampal Neural Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:E4. [PMID: 31861329 PMCID: PMC6982043 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptor related-1 (Nurr1) protein performs a crucial role in hippocampal neural stem cell (hNSC) development as well as cognitive functions. We previously demonstrated that the pharmacological stimulation of Nurr1 by amodiaquine (AQ) promotes spatial memory by enhancing adult hippocampal neurogenesis. However, the role of Nurr1 in the cell cycle regulation of the adult hippocampus has not been investigated. This study aimed to examine changes in the cell cycle-related molecules involved in adult hippocampal neurogenesis induced by Nurr1 pharmacological stimulation. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis showed that AQ improved the progression of cell cycle from G0/G1 to S phase in a dose-dependent manner, and MEK1 or PI3K inhibitors attenuated this progression. In addition, AQ treatment increased the expression of cell proliferation markers MCM5 and PCNA, and transcription factor E2F1. Furthermore, pharmacological stimulation of Nurr1 by AQ increased the expression levels of positive cell cycle regulators such as cyclin A and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) 2. In contrast, levels of CDK inhibitors p27KIP1 and p57KIP2 were reduced upon treatment with AQ. Similar to the in vitro results, RT-qPCR analysis of AQ-administered mice brains revealed an increase in the levels of markers of cell cycle progression, PCNA, MCM5, and Cdc25a. Finally, AQ administration resulted in decreased p27KIP1 and increased CDK2 levels in the dentate gyrus of the mouse hippocampus, as quantified immunohistochemically. Our results demonstrate that the pharmacological stimulation of Nurr1 in adult hNSCs by AQ promotes the cell cycle by modulating cell cycle-related molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haena Moon
- Department of Core Research Laboratory, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul 134-727, Korea; (H.M.); (S.L.); (D.K.)
| | - Seong Gak Jeon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (S.G.J.); (H.s.K.)
| | - Jin-il Kim
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - Hyeon soo Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (S.G.J.); (H.s.K.)
| | - Sangho Lee
- Department of Core Research Laboratory, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul 134-727, Korea; (H.M.); (S.L.); (D.K.)
| | - Dongok Kim
- Department of Core Research Laboratory, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul 134-727, Korea; (H.M.); (S.L.); (D.K.)
| | - Seungjoon Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Minho Moon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (S.G.J.); (H.s.K.)
| | - Hyunju Chung
- Department of Core Research Laboratory, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul 134-727, Korea; (H.M.); (S.L.); (D.K.)
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34
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García-Gutiérrez L, Bretones G, Molina E, Arechaga I, Symonds C, Acosta JC, Blanco R, Fernández A, Alonso L, Sicinski P, Barbacid M, Santamaría D, León J. Myc stimulates cell cycle progression through the activation of Cdk1 and phosphorylation of p27. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18693. [PMID: 31822694 PMCID: PMC6904551 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54917-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle stimulation is a major transforming mechanism of Myc oncoprotein. This is achieved through at least three concomitant mechanisms: upregulation of cyclins and Cdks, downregulation of the Cdk inhibitors p15 and p21 and the degradation of p27. The Myc-p27 antagonism has been shown to be relevant in human cancer. To be degraded, p27 must be phosphorylated at Thr-187 to be recognized by Skp2, a component of the ubiquitination complex. We previously described that Myc induces Skp2 expression. Here we show that not only Cdk2 but Cdk1 phosphorylates p27 at the Thr-187. Moreover, Myc induced p27 degradation in murine fibroblasts through Cdk1 activation, which was achieved by Myc-dependent cyclin A and B induction. In the absence of Cdk2, p27 phosphorylation at Thr-187 was mainly carried out by cyclin A2-Cdk1 and cyclin B1-Cdk1. We also show that Cdk1 inhibition was enough for the synthetic lethal interaction with Myc. This result is relevant because Cdk1 is the only Cdk strictly required for cell cycle and the reported synthetic lethal interaction between Cdk1 and Myc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía García-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, and Departmento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain.,Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gabriel Bretones
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, and Departmento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología-IUOPA, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ester Molina
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, and Departmento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Ignacio Arechaga
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, and Departmento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Catherine Symonds
- Experimental Oncology, Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.,Global Oncology Franchise, EMD Serono, Rockland, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Juan C Acosta
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rosa Blanco
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, and Departmento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Adrián Fernández
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, and Departmento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Leticia Alonso
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, and Departmento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Piotr Sicinski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - Mariano Barbacid
- Experimental Oncology, Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Santamaría
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM U1218, ACTION Laboratory, IECB, Pessac, France
| | - Javier León
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, and Departmento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain.
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35
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Hou Y, Wang Z, Huang S, Sun C, Zhao J, Shi J, Li Z, Wang Z, He X, Tam NL, Wu L. SKA3 Promotes tumor growth by regulating CDK2/P53 phosphorylation in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:929. [PMID: 31804459 PMCID: PMC6895034 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2163-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Spindle and kinetochore-related complex subunit 3 (SKA3) is a component of the spindle and kinetochore-related complexes and is essential for accurate timing of late mitosis. However, the relationship between SKA3 and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not yet been fully elucidated. Gene expression omnibus (GEO) (GSE62232, GSE45436, GSE6764, and GSE36376) and The Cancer Atlas (TCGA) datasets were analyzed to identify differential expression genes. Cell proliferation ability was analyzed using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assay and plate clone formation assay, while scratch wound healing assay and transwell assay were used to analyze cell invasion. The role of SKA3 in vivo was explored using subcutaneous xenotransplantation model and lung metastasis model. Bioinformatics analysis found that hepatocellular carcinoma patients with high levels of expression of SKA3 have a poor prognosis. Similarly, immunohistochemical staining of 236 samples of tumors also found higher SKA3 expression in them, than in adjacent normal liver tissues. Significant levels of inhibition of in vivo and in vitro tumor proliferation and invasion result from the downregulation of SKA3. Mechanistically, SKA3 was found to affect tumor progression through the cell cycle and P53 signaling pathway as shown by the gene enrichment analysis (GSEA). G2/M phase arrest and severe apoptosis was also found to result from SKA3 knockdown, as shown by the inhibition of CDK2/p53 phosphorylation together with downregulation of BAX/Bcl-2 expression in HCC cells. Overall, these findings uncover the role of SKA3 in regulating the apoptosis and proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. This study was able to uncover new information on the tumorigenesis mechanism in hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Hou
- Department of Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Department of Liver Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Ziming Wang
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shanzhou Huang
- Department of Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital. Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510030, China
| | - Chengjun Sun
- Department of Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jingya Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jiayu Shi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Zhongqiu Li
- Department of Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zekang Wang
- Department of Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiaoshun He
- Department of Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Nga Lei Tam
- Digestive Medical Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
| | - Linwei Wu
- Department of Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science and Technology (Organ Transplantation), The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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36
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Wang B, Song J. Structural basis for the ORC1-Cyclin A association. Protein Sci 2019; 28:1727-1733. [PMID: 31309634 PMCID: PMC6699096 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Progression of cell cycle is regulated by sequential expression of cyclins, which associate with distinct cyclin kinases to drive the transition between different cell cycle phases. The complex of Cyclin A with cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) controls the DNA replication activity through phosphorylation of a set of chromatin factors, which critically influences the S phase transition. It has been shown that the direct interaction between the Cyclin A-CDK2 complex and origin recognition complex subunit 1 (ORC1) mediates the localization of ORC1 to centrosomes, where ORC1 inhibits cyclin E-mediated centrosome reduplication. However, the molecular basis underlying the specific recognition between ORC1 and cyclins remains elusive. Here we report the crystal structure of Cyclin A-CDK2 complex bound to a peptide derived from ORC1 at 2.54 å resolution. The structure revealed that the ORC1 peptide interacts with a hydrophobic groove, termed cyclin binding groove (CBG), of Cyclin A via a KXL motif. Distinct from other identified CBG-binding sequences, an arginine residue flanking the KXL motif of ORC1 inserts into a neighboring acidic pocket, contributing to the strong ORC1-Cyclin A association. Furthermore, structural and sequence analysis of cyclins reveals divergence on the ORC1-binding sites, which may underpin their differential ORC1-binding activities. This study provides a structural basis of the specific ORC1-cyclins recognition, with implication in development of novel inhibitors against the cyclin/CDK complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boxiao Wang
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCalifornia
| | - Jikui Song
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCalifornia
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37
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Henri P, Prevel C, Pellerano M, Lacotte J, Stoebner PE, Morris MC, Meunier L. Psoriatic epidermis is associated with upregulation of CDK2 and inhibition of CDK4 activity. Br J Dermatol 2019; 182:678-689. [PMID: 31145809 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) CDK2 and CDK4 are involved in regulation of cell-cycle progression, and psoriasis is characterized by hyperproliferation of basal epidermal cells. CDK inhibitory proteins (CKIs) such as p16INK 4A (p16) bind CDK4/6 kinases and prevent their interaction with D-type cyclins. CKIs such as p21Cip1 (p21) and p27Kip1 (p27) associate with CDK-cyclin complexes and prevent their activation. OBJECTIVES To gain insight into the molecular implication of CDK2 and CDK4 kinases in psoriasis, we sought to characterize expression of these kinases and associated cyclins, as well as of CKIs, and addressed the status of CDK2 and CDK4 activity in human psoriatic epidermis. METHODS A cohort of 24 patients with psoriasis participated in the study. Biopsies were removed from a chronic plaque and from nonlesional skin. CDK2, CDK4, cyclin D1, cyclin E and CKI protein expression was assessed by immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. CDK4 and CDK2 mRNA expression was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Specific kinase activities of CDK2 and CDK4 were evaluated using fluorescent peptide biosensors. RESULTS CDK2-cyclin E expression and activity were significantly increased in psoriatic epidermis compared with uninvolved adjacent skin. In contrast, CDK4-cyclin D1 activity was inhibited, although its expression was increased in psoriatic epidermis and its transcription slightly inhibited. p27 expression was reduced, while p16 and p21 expression was induced in psoriatic epidermis. CONCLUSIONS Epidermal CDK2 activity is increased in psoriatic epidermis while CDK4 activity is completely inhibited. These alterations are not associated with changes in CDK transcription and instead involve post-translational control mediated by decreased expression of p27 and p16 overexpression, respectively. What's already known about this topic? Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are involved in cell-cycle progression. The levels of cyclin partners and CDK inhibitors regulate their activity. Psoriasis is a chronic T-cell-driven inflammatory skin disease characterized by hyperproliferation of basal epidermal cells. What does this study add? Thanks to fluorescent peptide biosensors, this study demonstrates that epidermal CDK2 activity is increased in psoriatic epidermis while CDK4 activity is completely inhibited. These alterations involve post-translational control mediated by decreased expression of p27, and p16 overexpression, respectively. What is the translational message? CDK2 and CDK4 are involved in regulation of cell-cycle progression, and psoriasis is characterized by hyperproliferation of basal epidermal cells. Epidermal CDK2 activity is increased in psoriatic epidermis while CDK4 activity is completely inhibited. These alterations are not associated with changes in CDK transcription and instead involve post-translational control mediated by decreased expression of p27 and p16 overexpression, respectively. Pharmacological modulation of CDK2 and CDK4 may constitute a promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Henri
- Institute of Biomolecules Max Mousseron (IBMM), University of Montpellier, UMR CNRS 5247, Montpellier, France
| | - C Prevel
- Institute of Biomolecules Max Mousseron (IBMM), University of Montpellier, UMR CNRS 5247, Montpellier, France
| | - M Pellerano
- Institute of Biomolecules Max Mousseron (IBMM), University of Montpellier, UMR CNRS 5247, Montpellier, France
| | - J Lacotte
- Department of Dermatology, Caremeau University Hospital, Nîmes, France
| | - P E Stoebner
- Institute of Biomolecules Max Mousseron (IBMM), University of Montpellier, UMR CNRS 5247, Montpellier, France.,Department of Dermatology, Caremeau University Hospital, Nîmes, France
| | - M C Morris
- Institute of Biomolecules Max Mousseron (IBMM), University of Montpellier, UMR CNRS 5247, Montpellier, France
| | - L Meunier
- Institute of Biomolecules Max Mousseron (IBMM), University of Montpellier, UMR CNRS 5247, Montpellier, France.,Department of Dermatology, Caremeau University Hospital, Nîmes, France
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38
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Singh J, Park DW, Kim DH, Singh N, Kang SC, Chi KW. Coordination-Driven Self-Assembly of Triazole-Based Apoptosis-Inducible Metallomacrocycles. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:10810-10817. [PMID: 31460178 PMCID: PMC6649141 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ru(II)-metallomacrocycles containing 4-pyridyl-1,2,3-triazole moiety were realized by coordination-driven self-assembly. All new compounds were characterized by electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic techniques. The molecular structure of metallomacrocycle 8 was determined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The anticancer activities of metallomacrocycles 5-8 were evaluated by cytotoxicity, cell cycle analysis, and related protein expression. Metallomacrocycle 7 showed the highest cytotoxicity in HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. In addition, apoptotic HepG2 cells were analyzed when metallomacrocycle 7 was treated. Our results suggest that metallomacrocycle 7 induces liver cancer cell death by increasing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest and that it has potential use as an agent for the treatment of human hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatinder Singh
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44776, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Won Park
- Department
of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hwan Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44776, Republic of Korea
| | - Nem Singh
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44776, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Chan Kang
- Department
of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Whan Chi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44776, Republic of Korea
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39
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Kawauchi T, Nabeshima YI. Growth Arrest Triggers Extra-Cell Cycle Regulatory Function in Neurons: Possible Involvement of p27 kip1 in Membrane Trafficking as Well as Cytoskeletal Regulation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:64. [PMID: 31080801 PMCID: PMC6497764 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle regulation is essential for the development of multicellular organisms, but many cells in adulthood, including neurons, exit from cell cycle. Although cell cycle-related proteins are suppressed after cell cycle exit in general, recent studies have revealed that growth arrest triggers extra-cell cycle regulatory function (EXCERF) in some cell cycle proteins, such as p27(kip1), p57(kip2), anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), and cyclin E. While p27 is known to control G1 length and cell cycle exit via inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) activities, p27 acquires additional cytoplasmic functions in growth-arrested neurons. Here, we introduce the EXCERFs of p27 in post-mitotic neurons, mainly focusing on its actin and microtubule regulatory functions. We also show that a small amount of p27 is associated with the Golgi apparatus positive for Rab6, p115, and GM130, but not endosomes positive for Rab5, Rab7, Rab8, Rab11, SNX6, or LAMTOR1. p27 is also colocalized with Dcx, a microtubule-associated protein. Based on these results, we discuss here the possible role of p27 in membrane trafficking and microtubule-dependent transport in post-mitotic cortical neurons. Collectively, we propose that growth arrest leads to two different fates in cell cycle proteins; either suppressing their expression or activating their EXCERFs. The latter group of proteins, including p27, play various roles in neuronal migration, morphological changes and axonal transport, whereas the re-activation of the former group of proteins in post-mitotic neurons primes for cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kawauchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe (FBRI), Kobe, Japan.,Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yo-Ichi Nabeshima
- Laboratory of Molecular Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe (FBRI), Kobe, Japan
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Liu P, Choi JW, Lee MK, Choi YH, Nam TJ. Wound Healing Potential of Spirulina Protein on CCD-986sk Cells. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17020130. [PMID: 30813318 PMCID: PMC6409727 DOI: 10.3390/md17020130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a dynamic and complex process. The proliferation and migration of dermal fibroblasts are crucial for wound healing. Recent studies have indicated that the extracts from Spirulina platensis have a positive potential for wound healing. However, its underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Our previous study showed that spirulina crude protein (SPCP) promoted the viability of human dermal fibroblast cell line (CCD-986sk cells). In this study, we further investigated the wound healing effect and corresponding mechanisms of SPCP on CCD-986sk cells. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) assay showed that SPCP promoted the proliferation of CCD-986sk cells. The wound healing assay showed that SPCP promoted the migration of CCD-986sk cells. Furthermore, cell cycle analysis demonstrated that SPCP promoted CCD-986sk cells to enter S and G2/M phases from G0/G1 phase. Western blot results showed that SPCP significantly upregulated the expression of cyclin D1, cyclin E, cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (Cdk2), cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (Cdk4), and cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (Cdk6), as well as inhibited the expression of CDK inhibitors p21 and p27 in CCD-986sk cells. In the meanwhile, SPCP promoted the phosphorylation and activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (Akt). However, the phosphorylation of Akt was significantly blocked by PI3K inhibitor (LY294002), which in turn reduced the SPCP-induced proliferation and migration of CCD-986sk cells. Therefore, the results presenting in this study suggested that SPCP can promote the proliferation and migration of CCD-986sk cells; the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway play a positive and important role in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Liu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea.
| | - Jeong-Wook Choi
- Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 46041, Korea.
| | - Min-Kyeong Lee
- Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 46041, Korea.
| | - Youn-Hee Choi
- Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 46041, Korea.
- Department of Marine Bio-Materials and Aquaculture, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea.
| | - Taek-Jeong Nam
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea.
- Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 46041, Korea.
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Lokhande KB, Nagar S, Swamy KV. Molecular interaction studies of Deguelin and its derivatives with Cyclin D1 and Cyclin E in cancer cell signaling pathway: The computational approach. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1778. [PMID: 30741976 PMCID: PMC6370771 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38332-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Deguelin is a major active ingredient and principal component in several plants and it is a potential molecule to target proteins of cancer cell signaling pathway. As a complex natural extract, deguelin interacts with various molecular targets to exert its anti-tumor properties at nanomolar level. It induces cell apoptosis by blocking anti-apoptotic pathways, while inhibiting tumor cell multiplication and malignant transformation through p27-cyclin-E-pRb-E2F1- cell cycle control and HIF-1alphaVEGF antiangiogenic pathways. In silico studies of deguelin and its derivatives is performed to explore interactions with Cyclin D1 and Cyclin E to understand the molecular insights of derivatives with the receptors. Deguelin and its derivatives are minimized by Avogadro to achieve stable conformation. All docking simulation are performed with AutoDockVina and virtual screening of docked ligands are carried out based on binding energy and number of hydrogen bonds. Molecular dynamics (MD) and Simulation of Cyclin D1 and Cyclin E1 is performed for 100 ns and stable conformation is obtained at 78 ns and 19 ns respectively. Ligands thus obtained from docking studies may be probable target to inhibit cancer cell signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Bharat Lokhande
- Bioinformatics Research Laboratory, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, 411033, India
| | - Shuchi Nagar
- Bioinformatics Research Laboratory, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, 411033, India
| | - K Venkateswara Swamy
- Bioinformatics Research Laboratory, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, 411033, India.
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Pepe S, Korbonits M, Iacovazzo D. Germline and mosaic mutations causing pituitary tumours: genetic and molecular aspects. J Endocrinol 2019; 240:R21-R45. [PMID: 30530903 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
While 95% of pituitary adenomas arise sporadically without a known inheritable predisposing mutation, in about 5% of the cases they can arise in a familial setting, either isolated (familial isolated pituitary adenoma or FIPA) or as part of a syndrome. FIPA is caused, in 15-30% of all kindreds, by inactivating mutations in the AIP gene, encoding a co-chaperone with a vast array of interacting partners and causing most commonly growth hormone excess. While the mechanisms linking AIP with pituitary tumorigenesis have not been fully understood, they are likely to involve several pathways, including the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A pathway via defective G inhibitory protein signalling or altered interaction with phosphodiesterases. The cAMP pathway is also affected by other conditions predisposing to pituitary tumours, including X-linked acrogigantism caused by duplications of the GPR101 gene, encoding an orphan G stimulatory protein-coupled receptor. Activating mosaic mutations in the GNAS gene, coding for the Gα stimulatory protein, cause McCune-Albright syndrome, while inactivating mutations in the regulatory type 1α subunit of protein kinase A represent the most frequent genetic cause of Carney complex, a syndromic condition with multi-organ manifestations also involving the pituitary gland. In this review, we discuss the genetic and molecular aspects of isolated and syndromic familial pituitary adenomas due to germline or mosaic mutations, including those secondary to AIP and GPR101 mutations, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 and 4, Carney complex, McCune-Albright syndrome, DICER1 syndrome and mutations in the SDHx genes underlying the association of familial paragangliomas and phaeochromocytomas with pituitary adenomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pepe
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Márta Korbonits
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Donato Iacovazzo
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Jang HH. Regulation of Protein Degradation by Proteasomes in Cancer. J Cancer Prev 2018; 23:153-161. [PMID: 30671397 PMCID: PMC6330989 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2018.23.4.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Imbalance of protein homeostasis (proteostasis) is known to cause cellular malfunction, cell death, and diseases. Elaborate regulation of protein synthesis and degradation is one of the important processes in maintaining normal cellular functions. Protein degradation pathways in eukaryotes are largely divided into proteasome-mediated degradation and lysosome-mediated degradation. Proteasome is a multisubunit complex that selectively degrades 80% to 90% of cellular proteins. Proteasome-mediated degradation can be divided into 26S proteasome (20S proteasome + 19S regulatory particle) and free 20S proteasome degradation. In 1980, it was discovered that during ubiquitination process, wherein ubiquitin binds to a substrate protein in an ATP-dependent manner, ubiquitin acts as a degrading signal to degrade the substrate protein via proteasome. Conversely, 20S proteasome degrades the substrate protein without using ATP or ubiquitin because it recognizes the oxidized and structurally modified hydrophobic patch of the substrate protein. To date, most studies have focused on protein degradation via 26S proteasome. This review describes the 26S/20S proteasomal pathway of protein degradation and discusses the potential of proteasome as therapeutic targets for cancer treatment as well as against diseases caused by abnormalities in the proteolytic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Hee Jang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
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De Marco C, Rinaldo N, De Vita F, Forzati F, Caira E, Iovane V, Paciello O, Montanaro D, D'Andrea S, Baldassarre G, Papparella S, Malanga D, Baldi A, Viglietto G. The T197A Knock-in Model of Cdkn1b Gene to Study the Effects of p27 Restoration In Vivo. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 18:482-493. [PMID: 30425132 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The CDK inhibitor, p27kip1, encoded by the Cdkn1b gene can negatively modulate cell proliferation. The control of p27 activity during the cell cycle is regulated at multiple levels, including transcription, translation, and protein stability. The last residue of p27 (threonine 198 in human, threonine 197 in mouse) is involved in the control of protein stability. We have generated a murine knock-in model (Cdkn1b T197A) in which threonine 197 is replaced by alanine, which renders p27 protein highly unstable due to a high rate of proteasomal degradation. Expectedly, Cdkn1b T197A/T197A mice present with increased body size and weight, organomegaly, and multiple organ hyperplasia, similar to what is observed in Cdkn1b KO/KO mice. We investigated the effects exerted by the restoration of normal levels of p27 protein in the tissue of Cdkn1b T197A/T197A mice. We found that proteasome inhibition with bortezomib rescues the hyperplasia induced by the lack of p27 expression in Cdkn1b T197A/T197A but not in Cdkn1b KO/KO mice. However, BAY 11-7082, a proteasome inhibitor that stabilizes IκB but not p27, fails to rescue hyperplasia in Cdkn1b T197A/T197A mice. Bortezomib increases p27 half-life and reduces the proliferation in MEFs derived from Cdkn1b T197A/T197A but not from Cdkn1b WT/WT mice, whereas BAY 11-7082 had no effect on the protein levels of p27 and on the proliferation rate of Cdkn1b T197A/T197A MEFs.The results presented here demonstrate that Cdkn1b T197A/T197A mice represent an attractive in vivo model to investigate whether the targeting of p27 degradation machinery might prove beneficial in the treatment of a variety of human proliferative disorders caused by increased turnover of p27 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela De Marco
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia," Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nicola Rinaldo
- Biogem S.c.a.r.l, Genetic Research Institute "Gaetano Salvatore," Ariano Irpino (AV), Italy
| | - Fernanda De Vita
- Biogem S.c.a.r.l, Genetic Research Institute "Gaetano Salvatore," Ariano Irpino (AV), Italy
| | - Floriana Forzati
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore"-CNR c/o Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | - Elvira Caira
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia," Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valentina Iovane
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Orlando Paciello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Sara D'Andrea
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Gustavo Baldassarre
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Serenella Papparella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Donatella Malanga
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia," Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Viglietto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia," Catanzaro, Italy.
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García-Reyes B, Kretz AL, Ruff JP, von Karstedt S, Hillenbrand A, Knippschild U, Henne-Bruns D, Lemke J. The Emerging Role of Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (CDKs) in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3219. [PMID: 30340359 PMCID: PMC6214075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The family of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) has critical functions in cell cycle regulation and controlling of transcriptional elongation. Moreover, dysregulated CDKs have been linked to cancer initiation and progression. Pharmacological CDK inhibition has recently emerged as a novel and promising approach in cancer therapy. This idea is of particular interest to combat pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), a cancer entity with a dismal prognosis which is owed mainly to PDAC's resistance to conventional therapies. Here, we review the current knowledge of CDK biology, its role in cancer and the therapeutic potential to target CDKs as a novel treatment strategy for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balbina García-Reyes
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Anna-Laura Kretz
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Jan-Philipp Ruff
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Silvia von Karstedt
- Department of Translational Genomics, University Hospital Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Andreas Hillenbrand
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Uwe Knippschild
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Doris Henne-Bruns
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Johannes Lemke
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
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Zhao J, Xu J, Wang W, Zhao H, Liu H, Liu X, Liu J, Sun Y, Dunaif A, Du Y, Chen ZJ. Long non-coding RNA LINC-01572:28 inhibits granulosa cell growth via a decrease in p27 (Kip1) degradation in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. EBioMedicine 2018; 36:526-538. [PMID: 30293818 PMCID: PMC6197751 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disordered folliculogenesis is a key feature of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. METHODS Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression in luteinized granulosa cells (hLGCs) derived from women with and without PCOS were analyzed using microarray and qRT-PCR. Immortalized human granulosa cell lines were cultured for proliferation assays after transfection with the LINC-01572:28 over-expression vector in the presence or absence of p27 siRNA. Protein expression analysis, rescue assays, and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) were used to confirm the LINC-01572:28 substrate. FINDINGS LINC-01572:28 and p27 protein were elevated whereas proliferating cell nuclear antigen protein was decreased in the hLGCs of women with PCOS. LINC-01572:28 expression was positively correlated with basal testosterone levels. Over-expression of LINC-01572:28 inhibited cell proliferation and impeded G1/S transition, which were partially reversed by siRNA-mediated p27 knockdown. INTERPRETATION Our findings, therefore, suggest that LINC-01572:28 suppresses cell proliferation and cell cycle progression by reducing the degradation of p27 protein via SKP2 binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Jieying Xu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Wangshen Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Han Zhao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology(Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for reproductive health, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, No.157 Jingliu Road, Jinan 250001, China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology(Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for reproductive health, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, No.157 Jingliu Road, Jinan 250001, China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Jiansheng Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Andrea Dunaif
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Atran Bldg, 1428 Madison Ave., 4th floor, Rm 4-36, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1055, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yanzhi Du
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200135, China.
| | - Zi-Jiang Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200135, China; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology(Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for reproductive health, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, No.157 Jingliu Road, Jinan 250001, China.
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Caruso JA, Duong MT, Carey JPW, Hunt KK, Keyomarsi K. Low-Molecular-Weight Cyclin E in Human Cancer: Cellular Consequences and Opportunities for Targeted Therapies. Cancer Res 2018; 78:5481-5491. [PMID: 30194068 PMCID: PMC6168358 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-1235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cyclin E, a regulatory subunit of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), is central to the initiation of DNA replication at the G1/S checkpoint. Tight temporal control of cyclin E is essential to the coordination of cell-cycle processes and the maintenance of genome integrity. Overexpression of cyclin E in human tumors was first observed in the 1990s and led to the identification of oncogenic roles for deregulated cyclin E in experimental models. A decade later, low-molecular-weight cyclin E (LMW-E) isoforms were observed in aggressive tumor subtypes. Compared with full-length cyclin E, LMW-E hyperactivates CDK2 through increased complex stability and resistance to the endogenous inhibitors p21CIP1 and p27KIP1 LMW-E is predominantly generated by neutrophil elastase-mediated proteolytic cleavage, which eliminates the N-terminal cyclin E nuclear localization signal and promotes cyclin E's accumulation in the cytoplasm. Compared with full-length cyclin E, the aberrant localization and unique stereochemistry of LMW-E dramatically alters the substrate specificity and selectivity of CDK2, increasing tumorigenicity in experimental models. Cytoplasmic LMW-E, which can be assessed by IHC, is prognostic of poor survival and predicts resistance to standard therapies in patients with cancer. These patients may benefit from therapeutic modalities targeting the altered biochemistry of LMW-E or its associated vulnerabilities. Cancer Res; 78(19); 5481-91. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Caruso
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
| | | | - Jason P W Carey
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kelly K Hunt
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Khandan Keyomarsi
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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48
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Disproportionate feedback interactions govern cell‐type specific proliferation in mammalian cells. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:3248-3263. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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49
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The AHR represses nucleotide excision repair and apoptosis and contributes to UV-induced skin carcinogenesis. Cell Death Differ 2018; 25:1823-1836. [PMID: 30013037 PMCID: PMC6180092 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0160-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation induces mutagenic DNA photoproducts, in particular cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs), in epidermal keratinocytes (KC). To prevent skin carcinogenesis, these DNA photoproducts must be removed by nucleotide excision repair (NER) or apoptosis. Here we report that the UVB-sensitive transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) attenuates the clearance of UVB-induced CPDs in human HaCaT KC and skin from SKH-1 hairless mice. Subsequent RNA interference and inhibitor studies in KC revealed that AHR specifically suppresses global genome but not transcription-coupled NER. In further experiments, we found that the accelerated repair of CPDs in AHR-compromised KC depended on a modulation of the p27 tumor suppressor protein. Accordingly, p27 protein levels were increased in AHR-silenced KC and skin biopsies from AHR−/− mice, and critical for the improvement of NER. Besides increasing NER activity, AHR inhibition was accompanied by an enhanced occurrence of DNA double-strand breaks triggering KC apoptosis at later time points after irradiation. The UVB-activated AHR thus acts as a negative regulator of both early defense systems against carcinogenesis, NER and apoptosis, implying that it exhibits tumorigenic functions in UVB-exposed skin. In fact, AHR−/− mice developed 50% less UVB-induced cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas in a chronic photocarcinogenesis study than their AHR+/+ littermates. Taken together, our data reveal that AHR influences DNA damage-dependent responses in UVB-irradiated KC and critically contributes to skin photocarcinogenesis in mice.
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50
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Takami M, Katayama K, Noguchi K, Sugimoto Y. Protein kinase C alpha-mediated phosphorylation of PIM-1L promotes the survival and proliferation of acute myeloid leukemia cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:1364-1371. [PMID: 30017192 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3)-internal tandem duplication (ITD) is a constitutively active mutant of FLT3 and causes 20%-30% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases. FLT3-ITD upregulates the proviral integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus 1 (PIM-1) expression and promotes the proliferation of AML cells. In this study, we investigated the role of protein kinase C (PKC)-mediated phosphorylation on the expression and function of PIM-1L. Drug screening in leukemia cell lines revealed that sotrastaurin (a PKC inhibitor) suppressed the proliferation of the FLT3-ITD-positive AML cell line MV4-11 but not of K562, HL60, or KG-1a cells, similar to SGI-1776 (a PIM-1/FLT3 inhibitor) and quizartinib (an FLT3 inhibitor). Sotrastaurin decreased the expression of pro-survival protein myeloid cell leukemia (MCL-1) and the phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), both of which are downstream effectors of PIM-1. PKCα directly phosphorylated Ser65 of PIM-1L, which is a long isoform of PIM-1. The PKCα-mediated phosphorylation stabilized PIM-1L. The phosphorylation-mimicked mutant, PIM-1L-S65D, was more stable and showed higher kinase activity than PIM-1L-S65A. Expression of PIM-1L-wildtype or -S65D reduced sotrastaurin-mediated apoptosis and growth inhibition in MV4-11 transfectants. These results suggest that PKCα directly upregulates PIM-1L, resulting in promotion of the survival and proliferation of AML cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Takami
- Division of Chemotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Katayama
- Division of Chemotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kohji Noguchi
- Division of Chemotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Sugimoto
- Division of Chemotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
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