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Wang P, Yang X, Zhang L, Sha S, Huang J, Peng J, Gu J, Pearson JA, Hu Y, Zhao H, Wong FS, Wang Q, Wen L. Tlr9 deficiency in B cells leads to obesity by promoting inflammation and gut dysbiosis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4232. [PMID: 38762479 PMCID: PMC11102548 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48611-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) recognizes bacterial, viral and self DNA and play an important role in immunity and inflammation. However, the role of TLR9 in obesity is less well-studied. Here, we generate B-cell-specific Tlr9-deficient (Tlr9fl/fl/Cd19Cre+/-, KO) B6 mice and model obesity using a high-fat diet. Compared with control mice, B-cell-specific-Tlr9-deficient mice exhibited increased fat tissue inflammation, weight gain, and impaired glucose and insulin tolerance. Furthermore, the frequencies of IL-10-producing-B cells and marginal zone B cells were reduced, and those of follicular and germinal center B cells were increased. This was associated with increased frequencies of IFNγ-producing-T cells and increased follicular helper cells. In addition, gut microbiota from the KO mice induced a pro-inflammatory state leading to immunological and metabolic dysregulation when transferred to germ-free mice. Using 16 S rRNA gene sequencing, we identify altered gut microbial communities including reduced Lachnospiraceae, which may play a role in altered metabolism in KO mice. We identify an important network involving Tlr9, Irf4 and Il-10 interconnecting metabolic homeostasis, with the function of B and T cells, and gut microbiota in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pai Wang
- Department of Gastrocolorectal Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xin Yang
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Luyao Zhang
- Department of Gastrocolorectal Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sha Sha
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jian Peng
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jianlei Gu
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - James Alexander Pearson
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine and Systems Immunity University Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Youjia Hu
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - F Susan Wong
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine and Systems Immunity University Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Quan Wang
- Department of Gastrocolorectal Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Li Wen
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Ochiai K, Shima H, Tamahara T, Sugie N, Funayama R, Nakayama K, Kurosaki T, Igarashi K. Accelerated plasma-cell differentiation in Bach2-deficient mouse B cells is caused by altered IRF4 functions. EMBO J 2024; 43:1947-1964. [PMID: 38605225 PMCID: PMC11099079 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00077-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors BACH2 and IRF4 are both essential for antibody class-switch recombination (CSR) in activated B lymphocytes, while they oppositely regulate the differentiation of plasma cells (PCs). Here, we investigated how BACH2 and IRF4 interact during CSR and plasma-cell differentiation. We found that BACH2 organizes heterochromatin formation of target gene loci in mouse splenic B cells, including targets of IRF4 activation such as Aicda, an inducer of CSR, and Prdm1, a master plasma-cell regulator. Release of these gene loci from heterochromatin in response to B-cell receptor stimulation was coupled to AKT-mTOR pathway activation. In Bach2-deficient B cells, PC genes' activation depended on IRF4 protein accumulation, without an increase in Irf4 mRNA. Mechanistically, a PU.1-IRF4 heterodimer in activated B cells promoted BACH2 function by inducing gene expression of Bach2 and Pten, a negative regulator of AKT signaling. Elevated AKT activity in Bach2-deficient B cells resulted in IRF4 protein accumulation. Thus, BACH2 and IRF4 mutually modulate the activity of each other, and BACH2 inhibits PC differentiation by both the repression of PC genes and the restriction of IRF4 protein accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Ochiai
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Shima
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Toru Tamahara
- Division of Community Oral Health Science, Department of Community Medical Supports, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai, 980-8573, Japan
| | - Nao Sugie
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Ryo Funayama
- Division of Cell Proliferation, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Keiko Nakayama
- Division of Cell Proliferation, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kurosaki
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Differentiation, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory for Lymhocyte Differentiation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Igarashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
- Center for Regulatory Epigenome and Diseases, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
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3
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Schuwerk L, Ulianytska A, Baumgärtner W, Reineking W. Melan-A immunolabeling in canine extramedullary plasmacytomas. Vet Pathol 2024:3009858241246979. [PMID: 38642035 DOI: 10.1177/03009858241246979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Histologic diagnosis of less well-differentiated cases of canine extramedullary plasmacytomas (CEMPs) may require immunohistochemical confirmation to discriminate these tumors from other round cells tumors including lymphoma, cutaneous histiocytoma, and amelanotic melanomas. CEMPs are characterized by widespread immunoreactivity for multiple myeloma 1 (MUM1) antigen and λ light chains, while the melanocytic marker melan-A has been reported to yield negative results. Here, 33 randomly selected CEMPs, 20 melanocytomas, and 20 malignant melanomas were immunohistochemically tested for MUM1, melan-A, and PNL2. In addition, CEMPs were examined for PAX5, E-cadherin, CD3, CD18, CD20, S100, as well as λ and κ light chain immunoreactivity. All CEMPs were characterized by labeling for MUM1 and λ light chain, as well as variable immunopositivity for the remaining antibodies. Notably, 13 cases of CEMPs (39.4%) exhibited immunolabeling for melan-A. Melanocytic tumors immunolabeled for melan-A (40/40; 100%) and PNL2 (34/40; 85%). An unexpected cytoplasmic immunoreactivity for MUM1 was observed in 2 melanocytic tumors. Summarized, MUM1 or melan-A immunomarkers alone are not sufficient to differentiate between CEMPs and amelanotic melanomas and should be part of a larger immunopanel including λ light chain, CD20, and PNL2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Schuwerk
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Behrens K, Brajanovski N, Xu Z, Viney EM, DiRago L, Hediyeh-Zadeh S, Davis MJ, Pearson RB, Sanij E, Alexander WS, Ng AP. ERG and c-MYC regulate a critical gene network in BCR::ABL1-driven B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj8803. [PMID: 38457494 PMCID: PMC10923517 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj8803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Philadelphia chromosome-positive B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), characterized by the BCR::ABL1 fusion gene, remains a poor prognosis cancer needing new therapeutic approaches. Transcriptomic profiling identified up-regulation of oncogenic transcription factors ERG and c-MYC in BCR::ABL1 B-ALL with ERG and c-MYC required for BCR::ABL1 B-ALL in murine and human models. Profiling of ERG- and c-MYC-dependent gene expression and analysis of ChIP-seq data established ERG and c-MYC coordinate a regulatory network in BCR::ABL1 B-ALL that controls expression of genes involved in several biological processes. Prominent was control of ribosome biogenesis, including expression of RNA polymerase I (POL I) subunits, the importance of which was validated by inhibition of BCR::ABL1 cells by POL I inhibitors, including CX-5461, that prevents promoter recruitment and transcription initiation by POL I. Our results reveal an essential ERG- and c-MYC-dependent transcriptional network involved in regulation of metabolic and ribosome biogenesis pathways in BCR::ABL1 B-ALL, from which previously unidentified vulnerabilities and therapeutic targets may emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira Behrens
- Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Natalie Brajanovski
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Zhen Xu
- Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Elizabeth M. Viney
- Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Ladina DiRago
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Soroor Hediyeh-Zadeh
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Bioinformatics Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Melissa J. Davis
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Bioinformatics Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- The Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia
- The South Australian Immunogenomics Cancer Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Richard B. Pearson
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Elaine Sanij
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Warren S. Alexander
- Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Ashley P. Ng
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
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5
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Schaffer AM, Fiala GJ, Hils M, Natali E, Babrak L, Herr LA, Romero-Mulero MC, Cabezas-Wallscheid N, Rizzi M, Miho E, Schamel WWA, Minguet S. Kidins220 regulates the development of B cells bearing the λ light chain. eLife 2024; 13:e83943. [PMID: 38271217 PMCID: PMC10810608 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The ratio between κ and λ light chain (LC)-expressing B cells varies considerably between species. We recently identified Kinase D-interacting substrate of 220 kDa (Kidins220) as an interaction partner of the BCR. In vivo ablation of Kidins220 in B cells resulted in a marked reduction of λLC-expressing B cells. Kidins220 knockout B cells fail to open and recombine the genes of the Igl locus, even in genetic scenarios where the Igk genes cannot be rearranged or where the κLC confers autoreactivity. Igk gene recombination and expression in Kidins220-deficient B cells is normal. Kidins220 regulates the development of λLC B cells by enhancing the survival of developing B cells and thereby extending the time-window in which the Igl locus opens and the genes are rearranged and transcribed. Further, our data suggest that Kidins220 guarantees optimal pre-BCR and BCR signaling to induce Igl locus opening and gene recombination during B cell development and receptor editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Maria Schaffer
- Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Signalling Research Centers BIOSS and CIBSS, University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Center of Chronic Immunodeficiency CCI, University Clinics and Medical FacultyFreiburgGermany
| | - Gina Jasmin Fiala
- Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Signalling Research Centers BIOSS and CIBSS, University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Center of Chronic Immunodeficiency CCI, University Clinics and Medical FacultyFreiburgGermany
| | - Miriam Hils
- Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Center of Chronic Immunodeficiency CCI, University Clinics and Medical FacultyFreiburgGermany
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein, School of Medicine, Technical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Eriberto Natali
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Medical Informatics, School of Life Sciences, FHNW 15 University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern SwitzerlandMuttenzSwitzerland
| | - Lmar Babrak
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Medical Informatics, School of Life Sciences, FHNW 15 University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern SwitzerlandMuttenzSwitzerland
| | - Laurenz Alexander Herr
- Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Signalling Research Centers BIOSS and CIBSS, University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Center of Chronic Immunodeficiency CCI, University Clinics and Medical FacultyFreiburgGermany
| | - Mari Carmen Romero-Mulero
- Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and EpigeneticsFreiburgGermany
| | - Nina Cabezas-Wallscheid
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and EpigeneticsFreiburgGermany
- CIBSS – Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Marta Rizzi
- Center of Chronic Immunodeficiency CCI, University Clinics and Medical FacultyFreiburgGermany
- CIBSS – Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Division of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Enkelejda Miho
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Medical Informatics, School of Life Sciences, FHNW 15 University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern SwitzerlandMuttenzSwitzerland
- aiNET GmbHBaselSwitzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of BioinformaticsLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Wolfgang WA Schamel
- Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Signalling Research Centers BIOSS and CIBSS, University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Center of Chronic Immunodeficiency CCI, University Clinics and Medical FacultyFreiburgGermany
| | - Susana Minguet
- Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Signalling Research Centers BIOSS and CIBSS, University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Center of Chronic Immunodeficiency CCI, University Clinics and Medical FacultyFreiburgGermany
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6
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Mandal M, Maienschein-Cline M, Hu Y, Mohsin A, Veselits ML, Wright NE, Okoreeh MK, Yoon YM, Veselits J, Georgopoulos K, Clark MR. BRWD1 orchestrates small pre-B cell chromatin topology by converting static to dynamic cohesin. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:129-141. [PMID: 37985858 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01666-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Lymphocyte development consists of sequential and mutually exclusive cell states of proliferative selection and antigen receptor gene recombination. Transitions between each state require large, coordinated changes in epigenetic landscapes and transcriptional programs. How this occurs remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that in small pre-B cells, the lineage and stage-specific epigenetic reader bromodomain and WD repeat-containing protein 1 (BRWD1) reorders three-dimensional chromatin topology to affect the transition between proliferative and gene recombination molecular programs. BRWD1 regulated the switch between poised and active enhancers interacting with promoters, and coordinated this switch with Igk locus contraction. BRWD1 did so by converting chromatin-bound static to dynamic cohesin competent to mediate long-range looping. ATP-depletion revealed cohesin conversion to be the main energetic mechanism dictating dynamic chromatin looping. Our findings provide a new mechanism of cohesin regulation and reveal how cohesin function can be dictated by lineage contextual mechanisms to facilitate specific cell fate transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malay Mandal
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology and Gwen Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | | | - Yeguang Hu
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Azam Mohsin
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Margaret L Veselits
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology and Gwen Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nathaniel E Wright
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology and Gwen Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael K Okoreeh
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology and Gwen Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Young Me Yoon
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology and Gwen Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jacob Veselits
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology and Gwen Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Katia Georgopoulos
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Marcus R Clark
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology and Gwen Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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7
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Sigvardsson M. Transcription factor networks link B-lymphocyte development and malignant transformation in leukemia. Genes Dev 2023; 37:703-723. [PMID: 37673459 PMCID: PMC10546977 DOI: 10.1101/gad.349879.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Rapid advances in genomics have opened unprecedented possibilities to explore the mutational landscapes in malignant diseases, such as B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). This disease is manifested as a severe defect in the production of normal blood cells due to the uncontrolled expansion of transformed B-lymphocyte progenitors in the bone marrow. Even though classical genetics identified translocations of transcription factor-coding genes in B-ALL, the extent of the targeting of regulatory networks in malignant transformation was not evident until the emergence of large-scale genomic analyses. There is now evidence that many B-ALL cases present with mutations in genes that encode transcription factors with critical roles in normal B-lymphocyte development. These include PAX5, IKZF1, EBF1, and TCF3, all of which are targeted by translocations or, more commonly, partial inactivation in cases of B-ALL. Even though there is support for the notion that germline polymorphisms in the PAX5 and IKZF1 genes predispose for B-ALL, the majority of leukemias present with somatic mutations in transcription factor-encoding genes. These genetic aberrations are often found in combination with mutations in genes that encode components of the pre-B-cell receptor or the IL-7/TSLP signaling pathways, all of which are important for early B-cell development. This review provides an overview of our current understanding of the molecular interplay that occurs between transcription factors and signaling events during normal and malignant B-lymphocyte development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Sigvardsson
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden; Division of Molecular Hematology, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
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8
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Zuo Z, Kania AK, Patterson DG, Hicks SL, Maurer J, Gupta M, Boss JM, Scharer CD. CRISPR/Cas9 editing reveals IRF8 regulated gene signatures restraining plasmablast differentiation. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17527. [PMID: 37416674 PMCID: PMC10320122 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) is involved in maintaining B cell identity. However, how IRF8 regulates T cell independent B cell responses are not fully characterized. Here, an in vivo CRISPR/Cas9 system was optimized to generate Irf8-deficient murine B cells and used to determine the role of IRF8 in B cells responding to LPS stimulation. Irf8-deficient B cells more readily formed CD138+ plasmablasts in response to LPS with the principal dysregulation occurring at the activated B cell stage. Transcriptional profiling revealed an upregulation of plasma cell associated genes prematurely in activated B cells and a failure to repress the gene expression programs of IRF1 and IRF7 in Irf8-deficient cells. These data expand on the known roles of IRF8 in regulating B cell identity by preventing premature plasma cell formation and highlight how IRF8 helps evolve TLR responses away from the initial activation towards those driving humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Zuo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Current Address: Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Anna K. Kania
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Dillon G. Patterson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sakeenah L. Hicks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jeffrey Maurer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Mansi Gupta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jeremy M. Boss
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Christopher D. Scharer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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9
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Das Gupta D, Lohoff M. Puppet masters of B-cell progenitor acute lymphoblastic leukemia: The preB cell receptor and the interleukin 7 receptor α. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250093. [PMID: 36805963 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
B-cell progenitor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) is enriched for a preB cell phenotype, hinting at a specific vulnerability of this cell stage. Two signaling pathways via the preB cell receptor (preBCR) and the interleukin 7 receptor α (IL-7Rα) chain govern the balance between differentiation and proliferation at this stage and both receptor pathways are routinely altered in human BCP-ALL. Here, we review the immunobiology of both the preBCR as well as the IL-7Rα and analyze the human BCP-ALL spectrum in the light of these signaling complexes. Finally, we present a terminology for preBCR signaling modules that distinguishes a pro-proliferative "phase-I" module from a pro-differentiative "phase-II" module. This terminology might serve as a framework to better address shared oncogenic mechanics of preB cell stage BCP-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Das Gupta
- Institute for Medical Microbiology & Hospital Hygiene, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Medical Department II, Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Lohoff
- Institute for Medical Microbiology & Hospital Hygiene, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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10
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Maffei R, Fiorcari S, Atene CG, Martinelli S, Mesini N, Pilato F, Lagreca I, Barozzi P, Riva G, Nasillo V, Paolini A, Forghieri F, Potenza L, Trenti T, Tagliafico E, Luppi M, Marasca R. The dynamic functions of IRF4 in B cell malignancies. Clin Exp Med 2022:10.1007/s10238-022-00968-0. [PMID: 36495369 PMCID: PMC10390622 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00968-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe trajectory of B cell development goes through subsequent steps governed by complex genetic programs, strictly regulated by multiple transcription factors. Interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) regulates key points from pre-B cell development and receptor editing to germinal center formation, class-switch recombination and plasma cell differentiation. The pleiotropic ability of IRF4 is mediated by its “kinetic control”, allowing different IRF4 expression levels to activate distinct genetic programs due to modulation of IRF4 DNA-binding affinity. IRF4 is implicated in B cell malignancies, acting both as tumor suppressor and as tumor oncogene in different types of precursors and mature B cell neoplasia. Here, we summarize the complexity of IRF4 functions related to different DNA-binding affinity, multiple IRF4-specific target DNA motif, and interactions with transcriptional partners. Moreover, we describe the unique role of IRF4 in acute leukemias and B cell mature neoplasia, focusing on pathogenetic implications and possible therapeutic strategies in multiple myeloma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
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11
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Tovar-Lopez G, Evans S, Muñoz Gutiérrez JF, Moore AR, Sadar MJ. Multiple Myeloma with Aberrant CD3 Expression in a Red-Lored Amazon Parrot (Amazona autumnalis). J Avian Med Surg 2022; 36:316-324. [DOI: 10.1647/21-00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Pingul BY, Huang H, Chen Q, Alikarami F, Zhang Z, Qi J, Bernt KM, Berger SL, Cao Z, Shi J. Dissection of the MEF2D-IRF8 transcriptional circuit dependency in acute myeloid leukemia. iScience 2022; 25:105139. [PMID: 36193052 PMCID: PMC9526175 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional dysregulation is a prominent feature in leukemia. Here, we systematically surveyed transcription factor (TF) vulnerabilities in leukemia and uncovered TF clusters that exhibit context-specific vulnerabilities within and between different subtypes of leukemia. Among these TF clusters, we demonstrated that acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with high IRF8 expression was addicted to MEF2D. MEF2D and IRF8 form an autoregulatory loop via direct binding to mutual enhancer elements. One important function of this circuit in AML is to sustain PU.1/MEIS1 co-regulated transcriptional outputs via stabilizing PU.1’s chromatin occupancy. We illustrated that AML could acquire dependency on this circuit through various oncogenic mechanisms that results in the activation of their enhancers. In addition to forming a circuit, MEF2D and IRF8 can also separately regulate gene expression, and dual perturbation of these two TFs leads to a more robust inhibition of AML proliferation. Collectively, our results revealed a TF circuit essential for AML survival. MEF2D is a context-specific vulnerability in IRF8hi AML MEF2D and IRF8 form a transcriptional circuit via binding to each other’s enhancers MEF2D-IRF8 circuit supports PU.1’s chromatin occupancy and transcriptional output MEF2D and IRF8 can regulate separate gene expression programs alongside the circuit
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13
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IRF4 as an Oncogenic Master Transcription Factor. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174314. [PMID: 36077849 PMCID: PMC9454692 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Master transcription factors regulate essential developmental processes and cellular maintenance that characterize cell identity. Many of them also serve as oncogenes when aberrantly expressed or activated. IRF4 is one of prime examples of oncogenic master transcription factors that has been implicated in various mature lymphoid neoplasms. IRF4 forms unique regulatory circuits and induces oncogenic transcription programs through the interactions with upstream pathways and binding partners. Abstract IRF4 is a transcription factor in the interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family. Since the discovery of this gene, various research fields including immunology and oncology have highlighted the unique characteristics and the importance of IRF4 in several biological processes that distinguish it from other IRF family members. In normal lymphocyte development and immunity, IRF4 mediates critical immune responses via interactions with upstream signaling pathways, such as the T-cell receptor and B-cell receptor pathways, as well as their binding partners, which are uniquely expressed in each cell type. On the other hand, IRF4 acts as an oncogene in various mature lymphoid neoplasms when abnormally expressed. IRF4 induces several oncogenes, such as MYC, as well as genes that characterize each cell type by utilizing its ability as a master regulator of immunity. IRF4 and its upstream factor NF-κB form a transcriptional regulatory circuit, including feedback and feedforward loops, to maintain the oncogenic transcriptional program in malignant lymphoid cells. In this review article, we provide an overview of the molecular functions of IRF4 in mature lymphoid neoplasms and highlight its upstream and downstream pathways, as well as the regulatory circuits mediated by IRF4.
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14
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Amanda S, Tan TK, Ong JZL, Theardy MS, Wong RWJ, Huang XZ, Ali MZ, Li Y, Gong Z, Inagaki H, Foo EY, Pang B, Tan SY, Iida S, Sanda T. IRF4 drives clonal evolution and lineage choice in a zebrafish model of T-cell lymphoma. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2420. [PMID: 35504924 PMCID: PMC9065160 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30053-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
IRF4 is a master regulator of immunity and is also frequently overexpressed in mature lymphoid neoplasms. Here, we demonstrate the oncogenicity of IRF4 in vivo, its potential effects on T-cell development and clonal evolution using a zebrafish model. IRF4-transgenic zebrafish develop aggressive tumors with massive infiltration of abnormal lymphocytes that spread to distal organs. Many late-stage tumors are mono- or oligoclonal, and tumor cells can expand in recipient animals after transplantation, demonstrating their malignancy. Mutation of p53 accelerates tumor onset, increases penetrance, and results in tumor heterogeneity. Surprisingly, single-cell RNA-sequencing reveals that the majority of tumor cells are double-negative T-cells, many of which express tcr-γ that became dominant as the tumors progress, whereas double-positive T-cells are largely diminished. Gene expression and epigenetic profiling demonstrates that gata3, mycb, lrrn1, patl1 and psip1 are specifically activated in tumors, while genes responsible for T-cell differentiation including id3 are repressed. IRF4-driven tumors are sensitive to the BRD inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Amanda
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tze King Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jolynn Zu Lin Ong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Regina Wan Ju Wong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiao Zi Huang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Muhammad Zulfaqar Ali
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhiyuan Gong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hiroshi Inagaki
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Ee Yong Foo
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Brendan Pang
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Soo Yong Tan
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shinsuke Iida
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Takaomi Sanda
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore, Singapore.
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15
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IRF4 deficiency vulnerates B-cell progeny for leukemogenesis via somatically acquired Jak3 mutations conferring IL-7 hypersensitivity. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:2163-2176. [PMID: 35459909 PMCID: PMC9613660 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-01005-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The processes leading from disturbed B-cell development to adult B-cell progenitor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) remain poorly understood. Here, we describe Irf4−/− mice as prone to developing BCP-ALL with age. Irf4−/− preB-I cells exhibited impaired differentiation but enhanced proliferation in response to IL-7, along with reduced retention in the IL-7 providing bone marrow niche due to decreased CXCL12 responsiveness. Thus selected, preB-I cells acquired Jak3 mutations, probably following irregular AID activity, resulting in malignant transformation. We demonstrate heightened IL-7 sensitivity due to Jak3 mutants, devise a model to explain it, and describe structural and functional similarities to Jak2 mutations often occurring in human Ph-like ALL. Finally, targeting JAK signaling with Ruxolitinib in vivo prolonged survival of mice bearing established Irf4−/− leukemia. Intriguingly, organ infiltration including leukemic meningeosis was selectively reduced without affecting blood blast counts. In this work, we present spontaneous leukemogenesis following IRF4 deficiency with potential implications for high-risk BCP-ALL in adult humans.
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16
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Cai M, Chen N. The Roles of IRF-8 in Regulating IL-9-Mediated Immunologic Mechanisms in the Development of DLBCL: A State-of-the-Art Literature Review. Front Oncol 2022; 12:817069. [PMID: 35211408 PMCID: PMC8860898 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.817069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF-8) is a transcription suppressor that functions through associations with other transcription factors, contributing to the growth and differentiation of bone marrow cells and the activation of macrophages. IRF-8 expression profoundly affects pathogenic processes ranging from infections to blood diseases. Interleukin-9 (IL-9) is a multipotent cytokine that acts on a variety of immune cells by binding to the IL-9 receptor (IL-9R) and is involved in a variety of diseases such as cancer, autoimmune diseases, and other pathogen-mediated immune regulatory diseases. Studies have shown that IL-9 levels are significantly increased in the serum of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and IL-9 levels are correlated with the DLBCL prognostic index. The activator protein-1 (AP-1) complex is a dimeric transcription factor that plays a critical role in cellular proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, oncogene-induced transformation, and invasion by controlling basic and induced transcription of several genes containing the AP-1 locus. The AP-1 complex is involved in many cancers, including hematological tumors. In this report, we systematically review the precise roles of IL-9, IRF-8, and AP-1 in tumor development, particularly with regard to DLBCL. Finally, the recent progress in IRF-8 and IL-9 research is presented; the possible relationship among IRF-8, IL-9, and AP-1 family members is analyzed; and future research prospects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Cai
- Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Department of Hematology, Jinan, China
| | - Na Chen
- Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Department of Hematology, Jinan, China.,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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17
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Molecular interactions of IRF4 in B cell development and malignancies. Biophys Rev 2021; 13:1219-1227. [DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00825-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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18
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Ottens K, Satterthwaite AB. IRF4 Has a Unique Role in Early B Cell Development and Acts Prior to CD21 Expression to Control Marginal Zone B Cell Numbers. Front Immunol 2021; 12:779085. [PMID: 34880871 PMCID: PMC8645892 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.779085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Strict control of B lymphocyte development is required for the ability to mount humoral immune responses to diverse foreign antigens while remaining self-tolerant. In the bone marrow, B lineage cells transit through several developmental stages in which they assemble a functional B cell receptor in a stepwise manner. The immunoglobulin heavy chain gene is rearranged at the pro-B stage. At the large pre-B stage, cells with a functional heavy chain expand in response to signals from IL-7 and the pre-BCR. Cells then cease proliferation at the small pre-B stage and rearrange the immunoglobulin light chain gene. The fully formed BCR is subsequently expressed on the surface of immature B cells and autoreactive cells are culled by central tolerance mechanisms. Once in the periphery, transitional B cells develop into mature B cell subsets such as marginal zone and follicular B cells. These developmental processes are controlled by transcription factor networks, central to which are IRF4 and IRF8. These were thought to act redundantly during B cell development in the bone marrow, with their functions diverging in the periphery where IRF4 limits the number of marginal zone B cells and is required for germinal center responses and plasma cell differentiation. Because of IRF4's unique role in mature B cells, we hypothesized that it may also have functions earlier in B cell development that cannot be compensated for by IRF8. Indeed, we find that IRF4 has a unique role in upregulating the pre-B cell marker CD25, limiting IL-7 responsiveness, and promoting migration to CXCR4 such that IRF4-deficient mice have a partial block at the pre-B cell stage. We also find that IRF4 acts in early transitional B cells to restrict marginal zone B cell development, as deletion of IRF4 in mature B cells with CD21-cre impairs plasma cell differentiation but has no effect on marginal zone B cell numbers. These studies highlight IRF4 as the dominant IRF family member in early B lymphopoiesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemokine CXCL12/pharmacology
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Interferon Regulatory Factors/genetics
- Interferon Regulatory Factors/metabolism
- Interleukin-7/pharmacology
- Lymphopoiesis/drug effects
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Phenotype
- Precursor Cells, B-Lymphoid/drug effects
- Precursor Cells, B-Lymphoid/immunology
- Precursor Cells, B-Lymphoid/metabolism
- Receptors, Complement 3d/genetics
- Receptors, Complement 3d/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Ottens
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Anne B. Satterthwaite
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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19
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Torres-Montaner A. The telomere complex and the origin of the cancer stem cell. Biomark Res 2021; 9:81. [PMID: 34736527 PMCID: PMC8567692 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-021-00339-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Exquisite regulation of telomere length is essential for the preservation of the lifetime function and self-renewal of stem cells. However, multiple oncogenic pathways converge on induction of telomere attrition or telomerase overexpression and these events can by themselves trigger malignant transformation. Activation of NFκB, the outcome of telomere complex damage, is present in leukemia stem cells but absent in normal stem cells and can activate DOT1L which has been linked to MLL-fusion leukemias. Tumors that arise from cells of early and late developmental stages appear to follow two different oncogenic routes in which the role of telomere and telomerase signaling might be differentially involved. In contrast, direct malignant transformation of stem cells appears to be extremely rare. This suggests an inherent resistance of stem cells to cancer transformation which could be linked to a stem cell’specific mechanism of telomere maintenance. However, tumor protection of normal stem cells could also be conferred by cell extrinsic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Torres-Montaner
- Department of Pathology, Queen's Hospital, Rom Valley Way, London, Romford, RM7 OAG, UK. .,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
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20
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Johnson J, Hung G, Larson V, Manasse J, Spotswood T. Renal extramedullary plasmacytoma in a dog. THE CANADIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL = LA REVUE VETERINAIRE CANADIENNE 2021; 62:1077-1082. [PMID: 34602635 PMCID: PMC8439341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A 10-year-old, intact male Siberian husky dog was presented for a suspected left renal cyst. Computed tomography (CT) identified a large, left kidney mass with retroperitoneal hemorrhage. A left-sided nephrectomy was performed, and histopathology confirmed a renal plasmacytoma. Perioperative screening for multiple myeloma was negative. The dog was lost to follow-up and was euthanized 11 months after surgery. A necropsy was not performed. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first case of renal extramedullary plasmacytoma in a dog. Key clinical message: This report describes the clinical presentation, and laboratory, diagnostic imaging, and surgery findings of a case of renal extramedullary plasmacytoma in a dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Johnson
- VCA Canada Calgary Animal Referral and Emergency Centre, Calgary, Alberta (Johnson, Larson, Spotswood); VCA Canada Western Veterinary Specialist and Emergency Centre, Calgary, Alberta (Hung); ANTECH Diagnostics, Fountain Valley, California, USA (Manasse)
| | - Germaine Hung
- VCA Canada Calgary Animal Referral and Emergency Centre, Calgary, Alberta (Johnson, Larson, Spotswood); VCA Canada Western Veterinary Specialist and Emergency Centre, Calgary, Alberta (Hung); ANTECH Diagnostics, Fountain Valley, California, USA (Manasse)
| | - Victoria Larson
- VCA Canada Calgary Animal Referral and Emergency Centre, Calgary, Alberta (Johnson, Larson, Spotswood); VCA Canada Western Veterinary Specialist and Emergency Centre, Calgary, Alberta (Hung); ANTECH Diagnostics, Fountain Valley, California, USA (Manasse)
| | - Jorden Manasse
- VCA Canada Calgary Animal Referral and Emergency Centre, Calgary, Alberta (Johnson, Larson, Spotswood); VCA Canada Western Veterinary Specialist and Emergency Centre, Calgary, Alberta (Hung); ANTECH Diagnostics, Fountain Valley, California, USA (Manasse)
| | - Tim Spotswood
- VCA Canada Calgary Animal Referral and Emergency Centre, Calgary, Alberta (Johnson, Larson, Spotswood); VCA Canada Western Veterinary Specialist and Emergency Centre, Calgary, Alberta (Hung); ANTECH Diagnostics, Fountain Valley, California, USA (Manasse)
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21
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ZMYND8-regulated IRF8 transcription axis is an acute myeloid leukemia dependency. Mol Cell 2021; 81:3604-3622.e10. [PMID: 34358447 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The transformed state in acute leukemia requires gene regulatory programs involving transcription factors and chromatin modulators. Here, we uncover an IRF8-MEF2D transcriptional circuit as an acute myeloid leukemia (AML)-biased dependency. We discover and characterize the mechanism by which the chromatin "reader" ZMYND8 directly activates IRF8 in parallel with the MYC proto-oncogene through their lineage-specific enhancers. ZMYND8 is essential for AML proliferation in vitro and in vivo and associates with MYC and IRF8 enhancer elements that we define in cell lines and in patient samples. ZMYND8 occupancy at IRF8 and MYC enhancers requires BRD4, a transcription coactivator also necessary for AML proliferation. We show that ZMYND8 binds to the ET domain of BRD4 via its chromatin reader cassette, which in turn is required for proper chromatin occupancy and maintenance of leukemic growth in vivo. Our results rationalize ZMYND8 as a potential therapeutic target for modulating essential transcriptional programs in AML.
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22
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Trezise S, Nutt SL. The gene regulatory network controlling plasma cell function. Immunol Rev 2021; 303:23-34. [PMID: 34109653 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies are an essential element of the immune response to infection, and in long-term protection upon re-exposure to the same micro-organism. Antibodies are produced by plasmablasts and plasma cells, the terminally differentiated cells of the B lymphocyte lineage. These relatively rare populations, collectively termed antibody secreting cells (ASCs), have developed highly specialized transcriptional and metabolic pathways to facilitate their extraordinarily high rates of antibody synthesis and secretion. In this review, we discuss the gene regulatory network that controls ASC identity and function, with a particular focus on the processes that influence the transcription, translation, folding, modification and secretion of antibodies. We will address how ASCs have adapted their transcriptional, metabolic and protein homeostasis pathways to sustain such high rates of antibody production, and the roles that the major ASC regulators, the transcription factors, Irf4, Blimp-1 and Xbp1, play in co-ordinating these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Trezise
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen L Nutt
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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23
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Tang WY, Zhang YH, Zhang YS, Liao Y, Luo JS, Liu JH, Peng CJ, Tang YL, Huang DP, Sun X, Luo XQ. Abnormal thymic B cell activation and impaired T cell differentiation in pristane-induced lupus mice. Immunol Lett 2021; 231:49-60. [PMID: 33428991 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2020.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the thymus and potential mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis in pristane-induced lupus (PIL) mice are poorly understood. This study aimed to systematically and specifically examine changes in the thymus and the potential mechanisms responsible for immunological abnormalities in PIL mice. The results showed that PIL mice exhibit serious thymic hyperplasia, an elevated thymus index, a damaged histopathological structure and increased thymocyte apoptosis. We found that thymic T cell differentiation was impaired as the CD4+ CD8+ double-positive (DP) thymocyte frequency significantly decreased, becoming almost absent at 28 weeks after induction, while CD4 CD8- double-negative (DN) thymocytes and CD4+ CD8- single-positive (CD4+ SP) and CD4 CD8+ single-positive (CD8+ SP) cells were increased. This phenomenon might be explained by an inhibition of the DN-to-DP-cell transition and stimulation of DP cell conversion into CD4+ /CD8+ SP thymocytes. Moreover, we discovered a dramatic and abnormal increase in thymic B cells, that was associated with CD19, Irf8, Ebf1, Pax5, Irf4, Blk, CXCL13, CXCR5, CD79a, CD79b, Lyn, Syk, Btk, and BLNK gene accumulation, which exhibited positive interactions. We further verified that the mRNA expression of these genes was significantly upregulated and consistent with the RNA-seq results. These results suggest a role of these genes in the increase of B cells in the thymus of PIL mice. In summary, our results showed the changes in the thymus in PIL and elucidated the immunologic abnormalities of increased B cells, potentially providing insight into the associated molecular mechanisms and facilitating further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yan Tang
- Department of Paediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yan-Hua Zhang
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (SYSU), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yi-Shu Zhang
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (SYSU), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yao Liao
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (SYSU), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jie-Si Luo
- Department of Paediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jia-Hua Liu
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (SYSU), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Chun-Jin Peng
- Department of Paediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yan-Lai Tang
- Department of Paediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Dan-Ping Huang
- Department of Paediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xi Sun
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (SYSU), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xue-Qun Luo
- Department of Paediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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24
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Lehrke MJ, Shapiro MJ, Rajcula MJ, Kennedy MM, McCue SA, Medina KL, Shapiro VS. The mitochondrial iron transporter ABCB7 is required for B cell development, proliferation, and class switch recombination in mice. eLife 2021; 10:69621. [PMID: 34762046 PMCID: PMC8585479 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters are cofactors essential for the activity of numerous enzymes including DNA polymerases, helicases, and glycosylases. They are synthesized in the mitochondria as Fe-S intermediates and are exported to the cytoplasm for maturation by the mitochondrial transporter ABCB7. Here, we demonstrate that ABCB7 is required for bone marrow B cell development, proliferation, and class switch recombination, but is dispensable for peripheral B cell homeostasis in mice. Conditional deletion of ABCB7 using Mb1-cre resulted in a severe block in bone marrow B cell development at the pro-B cell stage. The loss of ABCB7 did not alter expression of transcription factors required for B cell specification or commitment. While increased intracellular iron was observed in ABCB7-deficient pro-B cells, this did not lead to increased cellular or mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, ferroptosis, or apoptosis. Interestingly, loss of ABCB7 led to replication-induced DNA damage in pro-B cells, independent of VDJ recombination, and these cells had evidence of slowed DNA replication. Stimulated ABCB7-deficient splenic B cells from CD23-cre mice also had a striking loss of proliferation and a defect in class switching. Thus, ABCB7 is essential for early B cell development, proliferation, and class switch recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Kay L Medina
- Department of Immunology, Mayo ClinicRochesterUnited States
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25
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Ochiai K, Yamaoka M, Swaminathan A, Shima H, Hiura H, Matsumoto M, Kurotaki D, Nakabayashi J, Funayama R, Nakayama K, Arima T, Ikawa T, Tamura T, Sciammas R, Bouvet P, Kundu TK, Igarashi K. Chromatin Protein PC4 Orchestrates B Cell Differentiation by Collaborating with IKAROS and IRF4. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108517. [PMID: 33357426 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The chromatin protein positive coactivator 4 (PC4) has multiple functions, including chromatin compaction. However, its role in immune cells is largely unknown. We show that PC4 orchestrates chromatin structure and gene expression in mature B cells. B-cell-specific PC4-deficient mice show impaired production of antibody upon antigen stimulation. The PC4 complex purified from B cells contains the transcription factors (TFs) IKAROS and IRF4. IKAROS protein is reduced in PC4-deficient mature B cells, resulting in de-repression of their target genes in part by diminished interactions with gene-silencing components. Upon activation, the amount of IRF4 protein is not increased in PC4-deficient B cells, resulting in reduction of plasma cells. Importantly, IRF4 reciprocally induces PC4 expression via a super-enhancer. PC4 knockdown in human B cell lymphoma and myeloma cells reduces IKAROS protein as an anticancer drug, lenalidomide. Our findings establish PC4 as a chromatin regulator of B cells and a possible therapeutic target adjoining IKAROS in B cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Ochiai
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Mari Yamaoka
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Amrutha Swaminathan
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Hiroki Shima
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Hiura
- Department of Informative Genetics, Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Matsumoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; Center for Regulatory Epigenome and Diseases, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kurotaki
- Department of Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Fukuura 3-9, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Jun Nakabayashi
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Fukuura 3-9, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Ryo Funayama
- Center for Regulatory Epigenome and Diseases, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; Division of Cell Proliferation, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Keiko Nakayama
- Center for Regulatory Epigenome and Diseases, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; Division of Cell Proliferation, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takahiro Arima
- Department of Informative Genetics, Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tomokatsu Ikawa
- Division of Immunobiology, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki 2669, Noda 278-0022, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Tamura
- Department of Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Fukuura 3-9, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Fukuura 3-9, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Roger Sciammas
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Philippe Bouvet
- Université de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Cancer Cell Plasticity Department, UMR INSERM 1052 CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Tapas K Kundu
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India.
| | - Kazuhiko Igarashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; Center for Regulatory Epigenome and Diseases, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
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26
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Kim S, Bagadia P, Anderson DA, Liu TT, Huang X, Theisen DJ, O'Connor KW, Ohara RA, Iwata A, Murphy TL, Murphy KM. High Amount of Transcription Factor IRF8 Engages AP1-IRF Composite Elements in Enhancers to Direct Type 1 Conventional Dendritic Cell Identity. Immunity 2020; 53:759-774.e9. [PMID: 32795402 PMCID: PMC8193644 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Development and function of conventional dendritic cell (cDC) subsets, cDC1 and cDC2, depend on transcription factors (TFs) IRF8 and IRF4, respectively. Since IRF8 and IRF4 can each interact with TF BATF3 at AP1-IRF composite elements (AICEs) and with TF PU.1 at Ets-IRF composite elements (EICEs), it is unclear how these factors exert divergent actions. Here, we determined the basis for distinct effects of IRF8 and IRF4 in cDC development. Genes expressed commonly by cDC1 and cDC2 used EICE-dependent enhancers that were redundantly activated by low amounts of either IRF4 or IRF8. By contrast, cDC1-specific genes relied on AICE-dependent enhancers, which required high IRF concentrations, but were activated by either IRF4 or IRF8. IRF8 was specifically required only by a minority of cDC1-specific genes, such as Xcr1, which could distinguish between IRF8 and IRF4 DNA-binding domains. Thus, these results explain how BATF3-dependent Irf8 autoactivation underlies emergence of the cDC1-specific transcriptional program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunkyung Kim
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Prachi Bagadia
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David A Anderson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tian-Tian Liu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Xiao Huang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Derek J Theisen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kevin W O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ray A Ohara
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Arifumi Iwata
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Theresa L Murphy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kenneth M Murphy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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27
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RAG-Mediated DNA Breaks Attenuate PU.1 Activity in Early B Cells through Activation of a SPIC-BCLAF1 Complex. Cell Rep 2020; 29:829-843.e5. [PMID: 31644907 PMCID: PMC6870970 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Early B cell development is regulated by stage-specific transcription
factors. PU.1, an ETS-family transcription factor, is essential for coordination
of early B cell maturation and immunoglobulin gene (Ig)
rearrangement. Here we show that RAG DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) generated
during Ig light chain gene (Igl) rearrangement
in pre-B cells induce global changes in PU.1 chromatin binding. RAG DSBs
activate a SPIC/BCLAF1 transcription factor complex that displaces PU.1
throughout the genome and regulates broad transcriptional changes. SPIC recruits
BCLAF1 to gene-regulatory elements that control expression of key B cell
developmental genes. The SPIC/BCLAF1 complex suppresses expression of the SYK
tyrosine kinase and enforces the transition from large to small pre-B cells.
These studies reveal that RAG DSBs direct genome-wide changes in ETS
transcription factor activity to promote early B cell development. ETS-family transcription factors are key regulators of early B cell
development. Soodgupta et al. show that RAG-induced DNA breaks generated during
antigen receptor gene recombination activate a SPIC/BCLAF1 transcription factor
complex that counters PU.1 activity and regulates gene expression changes to
promote transition from large to small pre-B cells.
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28
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Tanaka S, Ise W, Inoue T, Ito A, Ono C, Shima Y, Sakakibara S, Nakayama M, Fujii K, Miura I, Sharif J, Koseki H, Koni PA, Raman I, Li QZ, Kubo M, Fujiki K, Nakato R, Shirahige K, Araki H, Miura F, Ito T, Kawakami E, Baba Y, Kurosaki T. Tet2 and Tet3 in B cells are required to repress CD86 and prevent autoimmunity. Nat Immunol 2020; 21:950-961. [PMID: 32572241 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-020-0700-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A contribution of epigenetic modifications to B cell tolerance has been proposed but not directly tested. Here we report that deficiency of ten-eleven translocation (Tet) DNA demethylase family members Tet2 and Tet3 in B cells led to hyperactivation of B and T cells, autoantibody production and lupus-like disease in mice. Mechanistically, in the absence of Tet2 and Tet3, downregulation of CD86, which normally occurs following chronic exposure of self-reactive B cells to self-antigen, did not take place. The importance of dysregulated CD86 expression in Tet2- and Tet3-deficient B cells was further demonstrated by the restriction, albeit not complete, on aberrant T and B cell activation following anti-CD86 blockade. Tet2- and Tet3-deficient B cells had decreased accumulation of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) and HDAC2 at the Cd86 locus. Thus, our findings suggest that Tet2- and Tet3-mediated chromatin modification participates in repression of CD86 on chronically stimulated self-reactive B cells, which contributes, at least in part, to preventing autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Tanaka
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Differentiation, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Division of Immunology and Genome Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Division of Molecular Pathology, Research Institute for Biomedical Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Wataru Ise
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Differentiation, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inoue
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Differentiation, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Ayako Ito
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Differentiation, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Chisato Ono
- Division of Immunology and Genome Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Shima
- Laboratory of Thermo-Therapeutics for Vascular Dysfunction, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Shuhei Sakakibara
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Manabu Nakayama
- Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Japan
| | - Kentaro Fujii
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Differentiation, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Ikuo Miura
- Technology and Development Team for Mouse Phenotype Analysis, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Jafar Sharif
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Koseki
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,Advanced Research Departments, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Indu Raman
- Microarray Core Facility, Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Quan-Zhen Li
- Microarray Core Facility, Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Masato Kubo
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Research Institute for Biomedical Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan.,Laboratory for Cytokine Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Katsunori Fujiki
- Institute of Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Nakato
- Institute of Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Shirahige
- Institute of Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Araki
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Fumihito Miura
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Ito
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Eiryo Kawakami
- Medical Sciences Innovation Hub Program, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Artificial Intelligence Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Baba
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Differentiation, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan. .,Division of Immunology and Genome Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Kurosaki
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Differentiation, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan. .,Laboratory of Lymphocyte Differentiation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.
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29
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Qiu Z, Holder KN, Lin AP, Myers J, Jiang S, Gorena KM, Kinney MC, Aguiar RCT. Generation and characterization of the Eµ-Irf8 mouse model. Cancer Genet 2020; 245:6-16. [PMID: 32535543 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In mature B-cell malignancies, chromosomal translocations often juxtapose an oncogenic locus to the regulatory regions of the immunoglobulin genes. These genomic rearrangements can associate with specific clinical/pathological sub-entities and inform diagnosis and treatment decisions. Recently, we characterized the t(14;16)(q32;q24) in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and showed that it targets the transcription factor IRF8, which is also somatically mutated in ~10% of DLBCLs. IRF8 regulates innate and adaptive immune responses mediated by myeloid/monocytic and lymphoid cells. While the role of IRF8 in human myeloid/dendritic-cell disorders is well established, less is known of its contribution to the pathogenesis of mature B-cell malignancies. To address this knowledge gap, we generated the Eµ-Irf8 mouse model, which mimics the IRF8 deregulation associated with t(14;16) of DLBCL. Eµ-Irf8 mice develop normally and display peripheral blood cell parameters within normal range. However, Eµ-Irf8 mice accumulate pre-pro-B-cells and transitional B-cells in the bone marrow and spleen, respectively, suggesting that the physiological role of Irf8 in B-cell development is amplified. Notably, in Eµ-Irf8 mice, the lymphomagenic Irf8 targets Aicda and Bcl6 are overexpressed in mature B-cells. Yet, the incidence of B-cell lymphomas is not increased in the Eµ-Irf8 model, even though their estimated survival probability is significantly lower than that of WT controls. Together, these observations suggest that the penetrance on the Irf8-driven phenotype may be incomplete and that introduction of second genetic hit, a common strategy in mouse models of lymphoma, may be necessary to uncover the pro-lymphoma phenotype of the Eµ-Irf8 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Qiu
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Kenneth N Holder
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - An-Ping Lin
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Jamie Myers
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Shoulei Jiang
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Karla M Gorena
- Office of the Vice President for Research, Flow Cytometry Facility, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Marsha C Kinney
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Ricardo C T Aguiar
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Audie Murphy VA Hospital, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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30
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Wang H, Morse HC, Bolland S. Transcriptional Control of Mature B Cell Fates. Trends Immunol 2020; 41:601-613. [PMID: 32446878 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2020.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The mature naïve B cell repertoire consists of three well-defined populations: B1, B2 (follicular B, FOB), and marginal zone B (MZB) cells. FOB cells are the dominant mature B cell population in the secondary lymphoid organs and blood of both humans and mice. The driving forces behind mature B lineage selection have been linked to B cell receptor (BCR) signaling strength and environmental cues, but how these fate-determination factors are transcriptionally regulated remains poorly understood. We summarize emerging data on the role of transcription factors (TFs) - particularly the ETS and IRF families - in regulating MZB and FOB lineage selection. Indeed, genomic analyses have identified four major groups of target genes that are crucial for FOB differentiation, revealing previously unrecognized pathways that ultimately determine biological responses specific to this lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsheng Wang
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Herbert C Morse
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Silvia Bolland
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA.
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31
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Laurent AP, Siret A, Ignacimouttou C, Panchal K, Diop M, Jenni S, Tsai YC, Roos-Weil D, Aid Z, Prade N, Lagarde S, Plassard D, Pierron G, Daudigeos E, Lecluse Y, Droin N, Bornhauser BC, Cheung LC, Crispino JD, Gaudry M, Bernard OA, Macintyre E, Barin Bonnigal C, Kotecha RS, Geoerger B, Ballerini P, Bourquin JP, Delabesse E, Mercher T, Malinge S. Constitutive Activation of RAS/MAPK Pathway Cooperates with Trisomy 21 and Is Therapeutically Exploitable in Down Syndrome B-cell Leukemia. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:3307-3318. [PMID: 32220889 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-3519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Children with Down syndrome (constitutive trisomy 21) that develop acute lymphoblastic leukemia (DS-ALL) have a 3-fold increased likelihood of treatment-related mortality coupled with a higher cumulative incidence of relapse, compared with other children with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). This highlights the lack of suitable treatment for Down syndrome children with B-ALL. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN To facilitate the translation of new therapeutic agents into clinical trials, we built the first preclinical cohort of patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of DS-ALL, comprehensively characterized at the genetic and transcriptomic levels, and have proven its suitability for preclinical studies by assessing the efficacy of drug combination between the MEK inhibitor trametinib and conventional chemotherapy agents. RESULTS Whole-exome and RNA-sequencing experiments revealed a high incidence of somatic alterations leading to RAS/MAPK pathway activation in our cohort of DS-ALL, as well as in other pediatric B-ALL presenting somatic gain of the chromosome 21 (B-ALL+21). In murine and human B-cell precursors, activated KRASG12D functionally cooperates with trisomy 21 to deregulate transcriptional networks that promote increased proliferation and self renewal, as well as B-cell differentiation blockade. Moreover, we revealed that inhibition of RAS/MAPK pathway activation using the MEK1/2 inhibitor trametinib decreased leukemia burden in several PDX models of B-ALL+21, and enhanced survival of DS-ALL PDX in combination with conventional chemotherapy agents such as vincristine. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, using novel and suitable PDX models, this study indicates that RAS/MAPK pathway inhibition represents a promising strategy to improve the outcome of Down syndrome children with B-cell precursor leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouchka P Laurent
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Siret
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Cathy Ignacimouttou
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Kunjal Panchal
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - M'Boyba Diop
- Gustave Roussy Institute Cancer Campus, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology, INSERM U1015, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Silvia Jenni
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yi-Chien Tsai
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Damien Roos-Weil
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Zakia Aid
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Nais Prade
- Centre of Research on Cancer of Toulouse (CRCT), CHU Toulouse, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Stephanie Lagarde
- Centre of Research on Cancer of Toulouse (CRCT), CHU Toulouse, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Estelle Daudigeos
- Gustave Roussy Institute Cancer Campus, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology, INSERM U1015, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Yann Lecluse
- Gustave Roussy Institute Cancer Campus, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology, INSERM U1015, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Nathalie Droin
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Beat C Bornhauser
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laurence C Cheung
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
| | - John D Crispino
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Muriel Gaudry
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Olivier A Bernard
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Elizabeth Macintyre
- Hematology, Université de Paris, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades and Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Rishi S Kotecha
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia.,Department of Clinical Haematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Birgit Geoerger
- Gustave Roussy Institute Cancer Campus, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology, INSERM U1015, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Paola Ballerini
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Trousseau, APHP, Paris-Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Bourquin
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eric Delabesse
- Centre of Research on Cancer of Toulouse (CRCT), CHU Toulouse, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Thomas Mercher
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Sebastien Malinge
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France. .,Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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32
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Monzón-Casanova E, Matheson LS, Tabbada K, Zarnack K, Smith CWJ, Turner M. Polypyrimidine tract-binding proteins are essential for B cell development. eLife 2020; 9:e53557. [PMID: 32081131 PMCID: PMC7058386 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTBP1) is a RNA-binding protein (RBP) expressed throughout B cell development. Deletion of Ptbp1 in mouse pro-B cells results in upregulation of PTBP2 and normal B cell development. We show that PTBP2 compensates for PTBP1 in B cell ontogeny as deletion of both Ptbp1 and Ptbp2 results in a complete block at the pro-B cell stage and a lack of mature B cells. In pro-B cells PTBP1 ensures precise synchronisation of the activity of cyclin dependent kinases at distinct stages of the cell cycle, suppresses S-phase entry and promotes progression into mitosis. PTBP1 controls mRNA abundance and alternative splicing of important cell cycle regulators including CYCLIN-D2, c-MYC, p107 and CDC25B. Our results reveal a previously unrecognised mechanism mediated by a RBP that is essential for B cell ontogeny and integrates transcriptional and post-translational determinants of progression through the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Monzón-Casanova
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham InstituteCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Department of Biochemistry, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Louise S Matheson
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham InstituteCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Kristina Tabbada
- Next Generation Sequencing Facility, The Babraham InstituteCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Kathi Zarnack
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | | | - Martin Turner
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham InstituteCambridgeUnited Kingdom
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Kunishita Y, Yoshimi R, Kamiyama R, Kishimoto D, Yoshida K, Hashimoto E, Komiya T, Sakurai N, Sugiyama Y, Kirino Y, Ozato K, Nakajima H. TRIM21 Dysfunction Enhances Aberrant B-Cell Differentiation in Autoimmune Pathogenesis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:98. [PMID: 32117252 PMCID: PMC7020776 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
TRIM21 is one of the autoantigens that reacts with an anti-SS-A antibody (Ab) present in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Sjögren's syndrome. TRIM21 is thought to play a role in B-cell proliferation and apoptosis, among other activities. Here we examined a pathological role of TRIM21 in SLE. Trim21-deficient MRL/lpr mice were generated by backcrossing Trim21-deficient C57BL/6 mice to MRL/lpr mice. The levels of serum anti-dsDNA Ab and urine protein at 28 weeks of age were significantly higher in Trim21-deficient MRL/lpr mice as compared to wild-type MRL/lpr mice (p = 0.029 and 0.003, respectively). Resting B cells from Trim21-deficient mice showed significantly higher abilities to differentiate into plasmablasts and to produce Ab as compared with control mice. Due to the reduction of TRIM21-mediated ubiquitylation, IRF5 protein expression was increased in Trim21-deficient MRL/lpr mice (p = 0.021), which correlated with increased plasmablast generation and immunoglobulin production. B cells from SLE patients with anti-TRIM21 Ab seropositivity also showed a significantly higher ability to differentiate into plasmablasts as compared with those without anti-TRIM21 Ab or healthy controls. These results suggest that TRIM21 dysfunction contributes to SLE pathogenesis by promoting B-cell differentiation, for which anti-TRIM21 Ab may be partly responsible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Kunishita
- Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Yoshimi
- Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Reikou Kamiyama
- Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Daiga Kishimoto
- Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Koji Yoshida
- Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Eijin Hashimoto
- Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takaaki Komiya
- Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Natsuki Sakurai
- Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yumiko Sugiyama
- Center for Rheumatic Diseases, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yohei Kirino
- Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Keiko Ozato
- Program in Genomics of Differentiation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Hideaki Nakajima
- Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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Barajas-Mora EM, Feeney AJ. Enhancers as regulators of antigen receptor loci three-dimensional chromatin structure. Transcription 2019; 11:37-51. [PMID: 31829768 DOI: 10.1080/21541264.2019.1699383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancers are defined as regulatory elements that control transcription in a cell-type and developmental stage-specific manner. They achieve this by physically interacting with their cognate gene promoters. Significantly, these interactions can occur through long genomic distances since enhancers may not be near their cognate promoters. The optimal coordination of enhancer-regulated transcription is essential for the function and identity of the cell. Although great efforts to fully understand the principles of this type of regulation are ongoing, other potential functions of the long-range chromatin interactions (LRCIs) involving enhancers are largely unexplored. We recently uncovered a new role for enhancer elements in determining the three-dimensional (3D) structure of the immunoglobulin kappa (Igκ) light chain receptor locus suggesting a structural function for these DNA elements. This enhancer-mediated locus configuration shapes the resulting Igκ repertoire. We also propose a role for enhancers as critical components of sub-topologically associating domain (subTAD) formation and nuclear spatial localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mauricio Barajas-Mora
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ann J Feeney
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Mace EM, Orange JS. Emerging insights into human health and NK cell biology from the study of NK cell deficiencies. Immunol Rev 2019; 287:202-225. [PMID: 30565241 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Human NK cells are innate immune effectors that play a critical roles in the control of viral infection and malignancy. The importance of their homeostasis and function can be demonstrated by the study of patients with primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs), which are part of the family of diseases known as inborn defects of immunity. While NK cells are affected in many PIDs in ways that may contribute to a patient's clinical phenotype, a small number of PIDs have an NK cell abnormality as their major immunological defect. These PIDs can be collectively referred to as NK cell deficiency (NKD) disorders and include effects upon NK cell numbers, subsets, and/or functions. The clinical impact of NKD can be severe including fatal viral infection, with particular susceptibility to herpesviral infections, such as cytomegalovirus, varicella zoster virus, and Epstein-Barr virus. While NKD is rare, studies of these diseases are important for defining specific requirements for human NK cell development and homeostasis. New themes in NK cell biology are emerging through the study of both known and novel NKD, particularly those affecting cell cycle and DNA damage repair, as well as broader PIDs having substantive impact upon NK cells. In addition, the discovery of NKD that affects other innate lymphoid cell (ILC) subsets opens new doors for better understanding the relationship between conventional NK cells and other ILC subsets. Here, we describe the biology underlying human NKD, particularly in the context of new insights into innate immune cell function, including a discussion of recently described NKD with accompanying effects on ILC subsets. Given the impact of these disorders upon human immunity with a common focus upon NK cells, the unifying message of a critical role for NK cells in human host defense singularly emerges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Mace
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Jordan S Orange
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
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Effect of Peptides from Alaska Pollock on Intestinal Mucosal Immunity Function and Purification of Active Fragments. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102517. [PMID: 31635335 PMCID: PMC6835260 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal mucosal barrier plays an important role in systemic immune functions. This study aimed to find the mechanism of peptide from Alaska Pollock (APP) on intestinal mucosal immunity in mice induced by cyclophosphamide (Cy). Cy-induced decreases of body weight and index of immune organ were significantly improved by APP as compared with Cy group (p < 0.05). APP could promote the secretion of SIgA and IgA on intestinal mucosa (p < 0.05) and mainly had an impact on the final differentiation of IgA+ B cell, thereby promoting the secretion of plasma cells, which can be corroborated by the increases of IL-6 and IL-10 (p < 0.05). APP with high immune activity was separated and two peptides were purified and identified as Gly–Val–Ile–Lys and Ala–Cys–Asn–Gly–Arg. Therefore, APP can be considered as beneficial ingredients to protect the intestinal barrier disruption induced by Cy.
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37
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Liu T, Han Y, Chen S, Zhao H. Global characterization and expression analysis of interferon regulatory factors in response to Aeromonas hydrophila challenge in Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 92:821-832. [PMID: 31299462 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) were originally identified as transcriptional regulators of type I interferon (IFN) expression. Recent studies have widely identified the roles of IRFs as central mediators in immune defence against pathogen infection. However, the functional roles and expression profiles of IRFs are still unclear in Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis). In this study, eight members of the PsIRF family were identified in P. sinensis through a genome-wide search. These PsIRF genes contained the conserved domains of this group of proteins, including the N-terminal DNA-binding domain and C-terminal IRF-associated domain. Phylogenetic analyses among IRF homologs showed that the PsIRFs shared the closest phylogenetic relationships with IRFs of other turtle species. Further molecular evolutionary analyses revealed evolutionary conservation of the PsIRF genes. Moreover, expression profiling demonstrated that eight PsIRF genes exhibited constitutive expression in different tissues of P. sinensis. Several genes, such as PsIRF1, PsIRF2 and PsIRF4, showed predominant expression in the spleen and were significantly upregulated upon Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Remarkably, PsIRF1, PsIRF2 and PsIRF4 exhibited rapid increases in their protein expression levels post-infection and were mainly expressed in the splenic red pulp according to immunohistochemistry analysis. These results provide rich resources for further exploration of the roles of PsIRFs in immune regulation in P. sinensis and other turtles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, China.
| | - Yawen Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, China.
| | - Shulin Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, China.
| | - Huiying Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, China.
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38
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Extramedullary Pulmonary Plasmacytoma in a Dog. ACTA VET-BEOGRAD 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/acve-2019-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
In this case report we are presenting a rare case of primary pulmonary plasmacytoma in a dog in the context of clinical and pathological findings. A six-years-old, female Rottweiler was brought to the clinic with respiratory complaints. The patient was dyspneic and tachypneic, and there were friction sounds on auscultation of the lungs. Laryngeal and tracheal palpation induced severe cough. Lateral and ventrodorsal radiographs of the thorax showed increased opacity in the lungs and loss of cardiac silhouette. Based on clinical and radiological findings, diagnosis of a lung mass was made and surgery recommended. Under general anesthesia, bilobectomy of the right lung lobes by medial sternotomy was performed. Upon cytological and histopathological findings, plasmacytoma was diagnosed.
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Transcription factors IRF8 and PU.1 are required for follicular B cell development and BCL6-driven germinal center responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:9511-9520. [PMID: 31000603 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1901258116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The IRF and Ets families of transcription factors regulate the expression of a range of genes involved in immune cell development and function. However, the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of each family member has been limited due to their redundancy and broad effects on multiple lineages of cells. Here, we report that double deletion of floxed Irf8 and Spi1 (encoding PU.1) by Mb1-Cre (designated DKO mice) in the B cell lineage resulted in severe defects in the development of follicular and germinal center (GC) B cells. Class-switch recombination and antibody affinity maturation were also compromised in DKO mice. RNA-seq (sequencing) and ChIP-seq analyses revealed distinct IRF8 and PU.1 target genes in follicular and activated B cells. DKO B cells had diminished expression of target genes vital for maintaining follicular B cell identity and GC development. Moreover, our findings reveal that expression of B-cell lymphoma protein 6 (BCL6), which is critical for development of germinal center B cells, is dependent on IRF8 and PU.1 in vivo, providing a mechanism for the critical role for IRF8 and PU.1 in the development of GC B cells.
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40
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Hayakawa K, Li YS, Shinton SA, Bandi SR, Formica AM, Brill-Dashoff J, Hardy RR. Crucial Role of Increased Arid3a at the Pre-B and Immature B Cell Stages for B1a Cell Generation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:457. [PMID: 30930899 PMCID: PMC6428705 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Lin28b+Let7− axis in fetal/neonatal development plays a role in promoting CD5+ B1a cell generation as a B-1 B cell developmental outcome. Here we identify the Let7 target, Arid3a, as a crucial molecular effector of the B-1 cell developmental program. Arid3a expression is increased at pro-B cell stage and markedly increased at pre-B and immature B cell stages in the fetal/neonatal liver B-1 development relative to that in the Lin28b−Let7+ adult bone marrow (BM) B-2 cell development. Analysis of B-lineage restricted Lin28b transgenic (Tg) mice, Arid3a knockout and Arid3a Tg mice, confirmed that increased Arid3a allows B cell generation without requiring surrogate light chain (SLC) associated pre-BCR stage, and prevents MHC class II cell expression at the pre-B and newly generated immature B cell stages, distinct from pre-BCR dependent B development with MHC class II in adult BM. Moreover, Arid3a plays a crucial role in supporting B1a cell generation. The increased Arid3a leads higher Myc and Bhlhe41, and lower Siglec-G and CD72 at the pre-B and immature B cell stages than normal adult BM, to allow BCR signaling induced B1a cell generation. Arid3a-deficiency selectively blocks the development of B1a cells, while having no detectable effect on CD5− B1b, MZ B, and FO B cell generation resembling B-2 development outcome. Conversely, enforced expression of Arid3a by transgene is sufficient to promote the development of B1a cells from adult BM. Under the environment change between birth to adult, altered BCR repertoire in increased B1a cells occurred generated from adult BM. However, crossed with B1a-restricted VH/D/J IgH knock-in mice allowed to confirm that SLC-unassociated B1a cell increase and CLL/lymphoma generation can occur in aged from Arid3a increased adult BM. These results confirmed that in fetal/neonatal normal mice, increased Arid3a at the pre-B cell and immature B cell stages is crucial for generating B1a cells together with the environment for self-ligand reactive BCR selection, B1a cell maintenance, and potential for development of CLL/Lymphoma in aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Hayakawa
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yue-Sheng Li
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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41
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Skaug B, Assassi S. Type I interferon dysregulation in Systemic Sclerosis. Cytokine 2019; 132:154635. [PMID: 30685202 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma, SSc) is a multifaceted disease characterized by autoimmunity, vasculopathy, and fibrosis affecting the skin and internal organs. Despite advances in the understanding and treatment of SSc in recent years, SSc continues to cause reduced quality of life and premature mortality. Type I interferons (IFNs), a family of cytokines with essential roles in the immune response to microbial infection, play a pathogenic role in certain autoimmune diseases (reviewed elsewhere in this edition). Polymorphisms in interferon-regulatory factors confer an increased risk of SSc, and IFN excess is evident in the blood and skin of a large percentage of SSc patients. Here we describe the evidence of Type I IFN dysregulation in SSc, revealed predominately by genetics and gene expression profiling. We also discuss evidence regarding mechanisms by which Type I IFN might contribute to SSc pathogenesis, mechanisms driving excess Type I IFN production in SSc, and the potential roles of Type I IFNs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Skaug
- The University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston, Division of Rheumatology, 6431 Fannin, MSB 5.262, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Shervin Assassi
- The University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston, Division of Rheumatology, 6431 Fannin, MSB 5.262, Houston, TX 77030, United States.
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42
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Stein L, Bacmeister C, Ylaya K, Fetsch P, Wang Z, Hewitt SM, Kiupel M. Immunophenotypic Characterization of Canine Splenic Follicular-Derived B-Cell Lymphoma. Vet Pathol 2019; 56:350-357. [PMID: 30636524 DOI: 10.1177/0300985818823668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) belong to a subgroup of indolent B-cell lymphomas most commonly reported in the canine spleen. The goal of this study was to characterize the immunophenotype of splenic MZL and MCL in comparison to their human counterparts. Ten MCLs and 28 MZLs were selected based on morphology. A tissue microarray was generated, and expression of CD3, CD5, CD10, CD45, CD20, CD79a, Pax-5, Bcl-2, Bcl-6, cyclin D1, cyclin D3, MCL-1, MUM-1, and Sox-11 was evaluated. Neoplastic cells in all MCLs and MZLs were positive for CD5, CD20, CD45, CD79a, and BCL2 and negative for CD3, CD10, Bcl-6, cyclin D1, and cyclin D3. Positive labeling for Pax-5 was detected in 8 of 10 MCLs and 26 of 28 MZLs. Positive labeling for MUM-1 was detected in 3 of 10 MCLs, and 27 of 28 MZLs were positive for MUM-1. No MCLs but 8 of 24 MZLs were positive for MCL-1. Canine splenic MZL and MCL have a similar immunophenotype as their human counterparts. However, human splenic MCL overexpresses cyclin D1 due to a translocation. A similar genetic alteration has not been reported in dogs. In addition, in contrast to human MZL, canine splenic MZL generally expresses CD5. Following identification of B vs T cells with CD20 and CD3, a panel composed of BCL-2, Bcl-6, MUM-1, and MCL-1 combined with the histomorphological pattern can be used to accurately diagnose MZL and MCL in dogs. Expression of Bcl-2 and lack of MCL-1 expression in MCL may suggest a therapeutic benefit of BCL-2 inhibitors in canine MCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Stein
- 1 Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - Kris Ylaya
- 3 Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Patricia Fetsch
- 3 Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zengfeng Wang
- 3 Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen M Hewitt
- 3 Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Matti Kiupel
- 1 Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory and Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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43
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Iwaki Y, Monahan C, Smedley R, Upchurch D, Vilar-Saavedra P. Tonsillar plasmacytoma in a dog. THE CANADIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL = LA REVUE VETERINAIRE CANADIENNE 2018; 59:851-854. [PMID: 30104774 PMCID: PMC6049337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A 10-year-old greyhound dog was presented because of an incidental finding of a tonsillar mass. Excisional surgical biopsy was performed and the dog was diagnosed with an incompletely resected plasma cell tumor. Adjuvant therapy was declined. One year later there was no local recurrence or distant metastasis of the mass or clinical signs associated with the tonsillar plasmacytoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimi Iwaki
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital (Iwaki, Upchurch, Vilar-Saavedra), Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (Monahan, Smedley), Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine Ringgold Standard Institution - East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Colleen Monahan
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital (Iwaki, Upchurch, Vilar-Saavedra), Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (Monahan, Smedley), Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine Ringgold Standard Institution - East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Rebecca Smedley
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital (Iwaki, Upchurch, Vilar-Saavedra), Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (Monahan, Smedley), Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine Ringgold Standard Institution - East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - David Upchurch
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital (Iwaki, Upchurch, Vilar-Saavedra), Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (Monahan, Smedley), Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine Ringgold Standard Institution - East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Paulo Vilar-Saavedra
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital (Iwaki, Upchurch, Vilar-Saavedra), Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (Monahan, Smedley), Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine Ringgold Standard Institution - East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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44
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Urbanczyk S, Stein M, Schuh W, Jäck HM, Mougiakakos D, Mielenz D. Regulation of Energy Metabolism during Early B Lymphocyte Development. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2192. [PMID: 30060475 PMCID: PMC6121686 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The most important feature of humoral immunity is the adaptation of the diversity of newly generated B cell receptors, that is, the antigen receptor repertoire, to the body's own and foreign structures. This includes the transient propagation of B progenitor cells and B cells, which possess receptors that are positively selected via anabolic signalling pathways under highly competitive conditions. The metabolic regulation of early B-cell development thus has important consequences for the expansion of normal or malignant pre-B cell clones. In addition, cellular senescence programs based on the expression of B cell identity factors, such as Pax5, act to prevent excessive proliferation and cellular deviation. Here, we review the basic mechanisms underlying the regulation of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation during early B cell development in bone marrow. We focus on the regulation of glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation at the transition from non-transformed pro- to pre-B cells and discuss some ongoing issues. We introduce Swiprosin-2/EFhd1 as a potential regulator of glycolysis in pro-B cells that has also been linked to Ca2+-mediated mitoflashes. Mitoflashes are bioenergetic mitochondrial events that control mitochondrial metabolism and signalling in both healthy and disease states. We discuss how Ca2+ fluctuations in pro- and pre-B cells may translate into mitoflashes in early B cells and speculate about the consequences of these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Urbanczyk
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Merle Stein
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Schuh
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Hans-Martin Jäck
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Dimitrios Mougiakakos
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Dirk Mielenz
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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45
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Sigvardsson M. Molecular Regulation of Differentiation in Early B-Lymphocyte Development. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071928. [PMID: 29966360 PMCID: PMC6073616 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
B-lymphocyte differentiation is one of the best understood developmental pathways in the hematopoietic system. Our understanding of the developmental trajectories linking the multipotent hematopoietic stem cell to the mature functional B-lymphocyte is extensive as a result of efforts to identify and prospectively isolate progenitors at defined maturation stages. The identification of defined progenitor compartments has been instrumental for the resolution of the molecular features that defines given developmental stages as well as for our understanding of the mechanisms that drive the progressive maturation process. Over the last years it has become increasingly clear that the regulatory networks that control normal B-cell differentiation are targeted by mutations in human B-lineage malignancies. This generates a most interesting link between development and disease that can be explored to improve diagnosis and treatment protocols in lymphoid malignancies. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of our current understanding of molecular regulation in normal and malignant B-cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Sigvardsson
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden.
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden.
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Adams NM, Lau CM, Fan X, Rapp M, Geary CD, Weizman OE, Diaz-Salazar C, Sun JC. Transcription Factor IRF8 Orchestrates the Adaptive Natural Killer Cell Response. Immunity 2018; 48:1172-1182.e6. [PMID: 29858012 PMCID: PMC6233715 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that display features of adaptive immunity during viral infection. Biallelic mutations in IRF8 have been reported to cause familial NK cell deficiency and susceptibility to severe viral infection in humans; however, the precise role of this transcription factor in regulating NK cell function remains unknown. Here, we show that cell-intrinsic IRF8 was required for NK-cell-mediated protection against mouse cytomegalovirus infection. During viral exposure, NK cells upregulated IRF8 through interleukin-12 (IL-12) signaling and the transcription factor STAT4, which promoted epigenetic remodeling of the Irf8 locus. Moreover, IRF8 facilitated the proliferative burst of virus-specific NK cells by promoting expression of cell-cycle genes and directly controlling Zbtb32, a master regulator of virus-driven NK cell proliferation. These findings identify the function and cell-type-specific regulation of IRF8 in NK-cell-mediated antiviral immunity and provide a mechanistic understanding of viral susceptibility in patients with IRF8 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Adams
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Colleen M Lau
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Xiying Fan
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Moritz Rapp
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Clair D Geary
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Orr-El Weizman
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Carlos Diaz-Salazar
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Joseph C Sun
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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47
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A-Gonzalez N, Castrillo A. Origin and specialization of splenic macrophages. Cell Immunol 2018; 330:151-158. [PMID: 29779612 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage heterogeneity in the spleen has been long documented, with four subsets populating the different splenic compartments. The diverse environments on the splenic compartments determine their varied phenotype and functions. In the white pulp, highly phagocytic macrophages contribute to the generation of the immune response. The marginal zone contains two populations of macrophages, which also contribute to the immune response. Their strategic position in the bloodstream and their unique phenotype confer them a crucial role in the defense against blood borne pathogens, placing them at the crossroad between innate and adaptive immune responses. Macrophages in the red pulp are classically linked to homeostatic and metabolic functions in erythrocyte phagocytosis and iron recycling. We review here recent advances demonstrating the importance of macrophage ontogeny and organ development in determining the phenotype, transcriptional profile and, ultimately, the functions of the populations of splenic macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia A-Gonzalez
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Antonio Castrillo
- Instituto Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Centro Mixto Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas y Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (IIBM CSIC-UAM), IIBM Madrid, Spain; Unidad De Biomedicina (Unidad Asociada al CSIC), IIBM- Universidad Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, ULPGC, Grupo de Investigación en medio ambiente y Salud (GIMAS), Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomedicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS, ULPGC), Spain
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48
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Interferon regulatory factor 1 inactivation in human cancer. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20171672. [PMID: 29599126 PMCID: PMC5938431 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20171672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) are a group of closely related proteins collectively referred to as the IRF family. Members of this family were originally recognized for their roles in inflammatory responses; however, recent research has suggested that they are also involved in tumor biology. This review focusses on current knowledge of the roles of IRF-1 and IRF-2 in human cancer, with particular attention paid to the impact of IRF-1 inactivation. The different mechanisms underlying IRF-1 inactivation and their implications for human cancers and the potential importance of IRF-1 in immunotherapy are also summarized.
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49
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Zhu C, Chen G, Zhao Y, Gao XM, Wang J. Regulation of the Development and Function of B Cells by ZBTB Transcription Factors. Front Immunol 2018; 9:580. [PMID: 29616049 PMCID: PMC5869932 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The large ZBTB family comprises a diverse group of transcriptional factors. Several ZBTB proteins have emerged as critical factors that regulate the lineage commitment, differentiation, and function of lymphoid cells as well as many other developmental events. For instance, dysfunctions of ZBTB20 or ZBTB24 have been linked to multisystem failures in humans. Within the B-cell lineage, BCL6, ZBTB7A, ZBTB17, and ZBTB1 regulate the development/differentiation of B cells in both bone marrow and peripheral lymphoid organs, while ZBTB20 and ZBTB32 seem to mainly impact the maintenance of terminal plasma cells. Given the importance of B cells in the prevention and treatment of infectious or autoimmune disorders, we herein summarize the roles of seven ZBTB family members (BCL6, ZBTB7A, ZBTB17, ZBTB20, ZBTB32, ZBTB1, and ZBTB24) in the development, differentiation, and function of B cells as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Zhu
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ge Chen
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Gao
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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50
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Bravo García-Morato M, Aracil Santos FJ, Briones AC, Blázquez Moreno A, Del Pozo Maté Á, Domínguez-Soto Á, Beato Merino MJ, Del Pino Molina L, Torres Canizales J, Marin AV, Vallespín García E, Feito Rodríguez M, Plaza López Sabando D, Jiménez-Reinoso A, Mozo Del Castillo Y, Sanz Santaeufemia FJ, de Lucas-Laguna R, Cárdenas PP, Casamayor Polo L, Coronel Díaz M, Valés-Gómez M, Roldán Santiago E, Ferreira Cerdán A, Nevado Blanco J, Corbí ÁL, Reyburn HT, Regueiro JR, López-Granados E, Rodríguez Pena R. New human combined immunodeficiency caused by interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) deficiency inherited by uniparental isodisomy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 141:1924-1927.e18. [PMID: 29408330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.12.995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- María Bravo García-Morato
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Lymphocyte Pathophysiology Group, La Paz Institute of Biomedical Research, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Alejandro Contreras Briones
- Department of Microbiology I (Immunology), School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Blázquez Moreno
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángela Del Pozo Maté
- Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Lucía Del Pino Molina
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Lymphocyte Pathophysiology Group, La Paz Institute of Biomedical Research, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Torres Canizales
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Lymphocyte Pathophysiology Group, La Paz Institute of Biomedical Research, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Victoria Marin
- Department of Microbiology I (Immunology), School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Vallespín García
- Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Anaïs Jiménez-Reinoso
- Department of Microbiology I (Immunology), School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Paula P Cárdenas
- Department of Microbiology I (Immunology), School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Mar Valés-Gómez
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Ferreira Cerdán
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Lymphocyte Pathophysiology Group, La Paz Institute of Biomedical Research, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julián Nevado Blanco
- Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel L Corbí
- Myeloid Cell Laboratory, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hugh T Reyburn
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Ramón Regueiro
- Department of Microbiology I (Immunology), School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo López-Granados
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Lymphocyte Pathophysiology Group, La Paz Institute of Biomedical Research, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Rodríguez Pena
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain; Lymphocyte Pathophysiology Group, La Paz Institute of Biomedical Research, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
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