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Domínguez-Luis MJ, Castro-Hernández J, Santos-Concepción S, Díaz-Martín A, Arce-Franco M, Pérez-González N, Díaz M, Castrillo A, Salido E, Machado JD, Gumá M, Corr M, Díaz-González F. Modulation of the K/BxN arthritis mouse model and the effector functions of human fibroblast-like synoviocytes by liver X receptors. Eur J Immunol 2024:e2451136. [PMID: 39148175 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202451136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
The role of liver X receptors (LXR) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains controversial. We studied the effect of LXR agonists on fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from RA patients and the K/BxN arthritis model in LXRα and β double-deficient (Nr1h2/3-/-) mice. Two synthetic LXR agonists, GW3965 and T0901317, were used to activate LXRs and investigate their effects on cell growth, proliferation and matrix metalloproteinases, and chemokine production in cultured FLS from RA patients. The murine model K/BxN serum transfer of inflammatory arthritis in Nr1h2/3-/- animals was used to investigate the role of LXRs on joint inflammation in vivo. LXR agonists inhibited the FLS proliferative capacity in response to TNF, the chemokine-induced migration, the collagenase activity in FLS supernatant and FLS CXCL12 production. In the K/BxN mouse model, Nr1h2/3-/- animals showed aggravated arthritis, histological inflammation, and joint destruction, as well as an increase in synovial metalloproteases and expression of proinflammatory mediators such as IL-1β and CCL2 in joints compared with wild type animals. Taken together, these data underscore the importance of LXRs in modulating the joint inflammatory response and highlight them as potential therapeutic targets in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Javier Castro-Hernández
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | | | - Ana Díaz-Martín
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Mayte Arce-Franco
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna, Spain
| | | | - Mercedes Díaz
- Unidad de Biomedicina IIBM CSIC-Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (Unidad Asociada al CSIC), Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Antonio Castrillo
- Unidad de Biomedicina IIBM CSIC-Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (Unidad Asociada al CSIC), Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Salido
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - José David Machado
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Mónica Gumá
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Maripat Corr
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Federico Díaz-González
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Dermatología, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB), Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
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2
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Lee IT, Yang CC, Yang CM. Harnessing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonists to induce Heme Oxygenase-1: a promising approach for pulmonary inflammatory disorders. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:125. [PMID: 38360670 PMCID: PMC10868008 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01501-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ has been extensively shown to attenuate inflammatory responses in conditions such as asthma, acute lung injury, and acute respiratory distress syndrome, as demonstrated in animal studies. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying these inhibitory effects remain largely unknown. The upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has been shown to confer protective effects, including antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and immunomodulatory effects in vitro and in vivo. PPARγ is highly expressed not only in adipose tissues but also in various other tissues, including the pulmonary system. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are highly selective agonists for PPARγ and are used as antihyperglycemic medications. These observations suggest that PPARγ agonists could modulate metabolism and inflammation. Several studies have indicated that PPARγ agonists may serve as potential therapeutic candidates in inflammation-related diseases by upregulating HO-1, which in turn modulates inflammatory responses. In the respiratory system, exposure to external insults triggers the expression of inflammatory molecules, such as cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, matrix metalloproteinases, and reactive oxygen species, leading to the development of pulmonary inflammatory diseases. Previous studies have demonstrated that the upregulation of HO-1 protects tissues and cells from external insults, indicating that the induction of HO-1 by PPARγ agonists could exert protective effects by inhibiting inflammatory signaling pathways and attenuating the development of pulmonary inflammatory diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying TZD-induced HO-1 expression are not well understood. This review aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms through which PPARγ agonists induce the expression of HO-1 and explore how they protect against inflammatory and oxidative responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ta Lee
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110301, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chung Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Taoyuan, Taoyuan, 333008, Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333323, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Mao Yang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 242062, Taiwan.
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3
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Su Z, Wang J, Xiao C, Zhong W, Liu J, Liu X, Zhu YZ. Functional role of Ash2l in oxLDL induced endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:62. [PMID: 38280036 PMCID: PMC10821849 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05130-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Endothelial injury and dysfunction in the artery wall fuel the process of atherosclerosis. As a key epigenetic regulator, Ash2l (Absent, small, or homeotic-Like 2) is involved in regulating vascular injury and its complications. However, the role of Ash2l in atherosclerosis has not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we found increased Ash2l expression in high-cholesterol diet-fed ApoE-/- mice and oxidized LDL (oxLDL) treated endothelial cells (ECs). Furthermore, Ash2l promoted the scavenger receptors transcription by catalyzing histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) trimethylation at the promoter region of transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and triggered the activation of the pro-inflammatory nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) by enhancing interaction between CD36 and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Meanwhile, enhanced expression of scavenger receptors drove more oxLDL uptake by ECs. In vivo studies revealed that ECs-specific Ash2l knockdown reduced atherosclerotic lesion formation and promoted fibrous cap stability in the aorta of ApoE-/- mice, which was partly associated with a reduced endothelial activation by suppressing scavenger receptors and the uptake of lipids by ECs. Collectively, our findings identify Ash2l as a novel regulator that mediates endothelial injury and atherosclerosis. Targeting Ash2l may provide valuable insights for developing novel therapeutic candidates for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghua Su
- School of Pharmacy, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jinghuan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chenxi Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wen Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jiayao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xinhua Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- Pharmacophenomics Laboratory, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, 825, Zhangheng Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yi Zhun Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy and 1st affiliate hospital, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology Taipa, Macau, China.
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4
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Zhang D, Zhou G, Thongda W, Li C, Ye Z, Zhao H, Beck BH, Mohammed H, Peatman E. Early divergent responses to virulent and attenuated vaccine isolates of Flavobacterium covae sp. nov. In channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 144:109248. [PMID: 38030028 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Columnaris disease continues to inflict substantial losses among freshwater cultured species since its first description one hundred years ago. The experimental and anecdotal evidence suggests an expanded range and rising virulence of columnaris worldwide due to the warming global climate. The channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) are particularly vulnerable to columnaris. A recently developed live attenuated vaccine (17-23) for Flavobacterium columnare (now Flavobacterium covae sp. nov.) demonstrated superior protection for vaccinated catfish against genetically diverse columnaris isolates. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms and patterns of immune evasion and host manipulation linked to virulence by comparing gene expression changes in the host after the challenge with a virulent (BGSF-27) or live attenuated F. covae sp. nov. vaccine (17-23). Thirty-day-old fry were accordingly challenged with either virulent or vaccine isolates. Gill tissues were collected at 0 h (control), 1 h, and 2 h post-infection, which are two critical time points in early host-pathogen interactions. Transcriptome profiling of the gill tissues revealed a larger number (518) of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in vaccine-exposed fish than those exposed to the virulent pathogen (321). Pathway analyses suggested potent suppression of early host immune responses by the virulent isolate through a higher expression of nuclear receptor corepressors (NCoR) responsible for antagonizing macrophage and T-cell signaling. Conversely, in vaccinated fry, we observed induction of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CAMKII), responsible for clearing NCoR, and commensurate up-regulation of transcription factor AP-1 subunits, c-Fos, and c-Jun. As in mammalian systems, AP-1 expression was connected with a broad immune activation in vaccinated fry, including induction of CC chemokines, proteinases, iNOS, and IL-12b. Relatedly, divergent expression patterns of Src tyrosine kinase Lck, CD44, and CD28 indicated a delay or suppression of T-cell adhesion and activation in fry exposed to the virulent isolate. Broader implications of these findings will be discussed. The transcriptomic differences between virulent and attenuated bacteria may offer insights into how the host responds to the vaccination or infection and provide valuable knowledge to understand the early immune mechanisms of columnaris disease in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Zhang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, School of Marine Bilology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, PR China; School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA; College of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, PR China
| | - Gengfu Zhou
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, School of Marine Bilology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, PR China
| | - Wilawan Thongda
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (CENTEX Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand; National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Chao Li
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Zhi Ye
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Honggang Zhao
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Benjamin H Beck
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, Auburn, AL, 36832, USA
| | - Haitham Mohammed
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Eric Peatman
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
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Liu N, Tian J, Steer CJ, Han Q, Song G. MicroRNA-206-3p suppresses hepatic lipogenesis and cholesterol synthesis while driving cholesterol efflux. Hepatology 2023:01515467-990000000-00643. [PMID: 37943861 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatosteatosis, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypercholesterolemia are interconnected metabolic disorders. This study is designed to characterize how microRNA-206-3p (miR-206) simultaneously prevents de novo lipogenesis (DNL), cholesterol synthesis, and VLDL production in hepatocytes while promoting cholesterol efflux in macrophages. APPROACH AND RESULTS MiR-206 levels were reduced in hepatocytes and macrophages of mice subjected to a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet. A negative feedback between LXRα (liver X receptor alpha) and miR-206 is formed to maintain high LXRα and low miR-206 in hepatocytes. Systemic administration of miR-206 alleviated hepatosteatosis, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypercholesterolemia in mice. A significant reduction in LDL cholesterol and VLDL cholesterol but unaltered HDL cholesterol was observed in miR-206-treated mice. Mirroring these findings, miR-206 reprogrammed the transcriptome of hepatocytes towards the inhibition of DNL, cholesterol synthesis, and assembly and secretion of VLDL. In macrophages, miR-206 activated the expression of genes regulating cholesterol efflux. Hepatocyte-specific expression of miR-206 reduced hepatic and circulating triglycerides and cholesterol, as well as VLDL production, while transplantation of macrophages bearing miR-206 facilitated cholesterol efflux. Mechanistically, miR-206 directly targeted Lxrα and Hmgcr in hepatocytes but facilitated expression of Lxrα in macrophages by targeting macrophage-specific tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome 1 (TRPS1), a transcription repressor of Lxrα . By targeting Hmgc r and Lxrα , miR-206 inhibited DNL, VLDL production, and cholesterol synthesis in hepatocytes, whereas it drove cholesterol efflux by activating the TRPS1-LXRα axis. CONCLUSIONS MiR-206, through differentially modulating LXRα signaling in hepatocytes and macrophages, inhibits DNL, promotes cholesterol efflux, and concurrently hinders cholesterol synthesis and VLDL production. MiR-206 simulates the functions of lipid-lowering medications, statins, and LXRα agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan City, China
| | - Clifford J Steer
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Qinghua Han
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan City, China
| | - Guisheng Song
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Wei W, Wang G, Zhang H, Bao X, An S, Luo Q, He J, Chen L, Ning C, Lai J, Yuan Z, Chen R, Jiang J, Ye L, Liang H. Talaromyces marneffei suppresses macrophage inflammation by regulating host alternative splicing. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1046. [PMID: 37845378 PMCID: PMC10579421 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05409-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Talaromyces marneffei (T. marneffei) immune escape is essential in the pathogenesis of talaromycosis. It is currently known that T. marneffei achieves immune escape through various strategies. However, the role of cellular alternative splicing (AS) in immune escape remains unclear. Here, we depict the AS landscape in macrophages upon T. marneffei infection via high-throughput RNA sequencing and detect a truncated protein of NCOR2 / SMRT, named NCOR2-013, which is significantly upregulated after T. marneffei infection. Mechanistic analysis indicates that NCOR2-013 forms a co-repression complex with TBL1XR1 / TBLR1 and HDAC3, thereby inhibiting JunB-mediated transcriptional activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines via the inhibition of histone acetylation. Furthermore, we identify TUT1 as the AS regulator that regulates NCOR2-013 production and promotes T. marneffei immune evasion. Collectively, these findings indicate that T. marneffei escapes macrophage killing through TUT1-mediated alternative splicing of NCOR2 / SMRT, providing insight into the molecular mechanisms of T. marneffei immune evasion and potential targets for talaromycosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wudi Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi-ASEAN Collaborative Innovation Center for Major Disease Prevention and Treatment, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Guangxi-ASEAN Collaborative Innovation Center for Major Disease Prevention and Treatment, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiuli Bao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Sanqi An
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi-ASEAN Collaborative Innovation Center for Major Disease Prevention and Treatment, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Qiang Luo
- Guangxi-ASEAN Collaborative Innovation Center for Major Disease Prevention and Treatment, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Jinhao He
- Guangxi-ASEAN Collaborative Innovation Center for Major Disease Prevention and Treatment, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Lixiang Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Chuanyi Ning
- Guangxi-ASEAN Collaborative Innovation Center for Major Disease Prevention and Treatment, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Nursing College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Jingzhen Lai
- Guangxi-ASEAN Collaborative Innovation Center for Major Disease Prevention and Treatment, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Biobank, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Zongxiang Yuan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Rongfeng Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi-ASEAN Collaborative Innovation Center for Major Disease Prevention and Treatment, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Junjun Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
- Guangxi-ASEAN Collaborative Innovation Center for Major Disease Prevention and Treatment, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Li Ye
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
- Guangxi-ASEAN Collaborative Innovation Center for Major Disease Prevention and Treatment, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Hao Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
- Guangxi-ASEAN Collaborative Innovation Center for Major Disease Prevention and Treatment, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
- Guangxi Biobank, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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7
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Paluvai H, Shanmukha KD, Tyedmers J, Backs J. Insights into the function of HDAC3 and NCoR1/NCoR2 co-repressor complex in metabolic diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1190094. [PMID: 37674539 PMCID: PMC10477789 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1190094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) and nuclear receptor co-repressor (NCoR1/2) are epigenetic regulators that play a key role in gene expression and metabolism. HDAC3 is a class I histone deacetylase that functions as a transcriptional co-repressor, modulating gene expression by removing acetyl groups from histones and non-histone proteins. NCoR1, on the other hand, is a transcriptional co-repressor that interacts with nuclear hormone receptors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and liver X receptor (LXR), to regulate metabolic gene expression. Recent research has revealed a functional link between HDAC3 and NCoR1 in the regulation of metabolic gene expression. Genetic deletion of HDAC3 in mouse models has been shown to improve glucose intolerance and insulin sensitivity in the liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue. Similarly, genetic deletion of NCoR1 has improved insulin resistance and reduced adiposity in mouse models. Dysregulation of this interaction has been associated with the development of cardio-metabolic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, obesity and type 2 diabetes, suggesting that targeting this pathway may hold promise for the development of novel therapeutic interventions. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of individual functions of HDAC3 and NCoR1/2 and the co-repressor complex formation (HDAC3/NCoR1/2) in different metabolic tissues. Further studies are needed to thoroughly understand the mechanisms through which HDAC3, and NCoR1/2 govern metabolic processes and the implications for treating metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harikrishnareddy Paluvai
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kumar D. Shanmukha
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Tyedmers
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Backs
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
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8
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Nigam N, Bernard B, Sevilla S, Kim S, Dar MS, Tsai D, Robbins Y, Burkitt K, Sievers C, Allen CT, Bennett RL, Tettey TT, Carter B, Rinaldi L, Lingen MW, Sater H, Edmondson EF, Moshiri A, Saeed A, Cheng H, Luo X, Brennan K, Koparde V, Chen C, Das S, Andresson T, Abdelmaksoud A, Murali M, Sakata S, Takeuchi K, Chari R, Nakamura Y, Uppaluri R, Sunwoo JB, Van Waes C, Licht JD, Hager GL, Saloura V. SMYD3 represses tumor-intrinsic interferon response in HPV-negative squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112823. [PMID: 37463106 PMCID: PMC10407766 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancers often display immune escape, but the mechanisms are incompletely understood. Herein, we identify SMYD3 as a mediator of immune escape in human papilloma virus (HPV)-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), an aggressive disease with poor response to immunotherapy with pembrolizumab. SMYD3 depletion induces upregulation of multiple type I interferon (IFN) response and antigen presentation machinery genes in HNSCC cells. Mechanistically, SMYD3 binds to and regulates the transcription of UHRF1, encoding for a reader of H3K9me3, which binds to H3K9me3-enriched promoters of key immune-related genes, recruits DNMT1, and silences their expression. SMYD3 further maintains the repression of immune-related genes through intragenic deposition of H4K20me3. In vivo, Smyd3 depletion induces influx of CD8+ T cells and increases sensitivity to anti-programmed death 1 (PD-1) therapy. SMYD3 overexpression is associated with decreased CD8 T cell infiltration and poor response to neoadjuvant pembrolizumab. These data support combining SMYD3 depletion strategies with checkpoint blockade to overcome anti-PD-1 resistance in HPV-negative HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nupur Nigam
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Benjamin Bernard
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Samantha Sevilla
- Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Sohyoung Kim
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mohd Saleem Dar
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel Tsai
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yvette Robbins
- Translational Tumor Immunology Program, NIDCD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kyunghee Burkitt
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cem Sievers
- Translational Tumor Immunology Program, NIDCD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Clint T Allen
- Translational Tumor Immunology Program, NIDCD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Theophilus T Tettey
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Benjamin Carter
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lorenzo Rinaldi
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mark W Lingen
- University of Chicago, Department of Pathology, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Houssein Sater
- GU Malignancies Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Elijah F Edmondson
- Molecular Histopathology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Arfa Moshiri
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Abbas Saeed
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hui Cheng
- National Institute of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xiaolin Luo
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | - Kevin Brennan
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Vishal Koparde
- Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sudipto Das
- Protein Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Thorkell Andresson
- Protein Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Abdalla Abdelmaksoud
- Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Madhavi Murali
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Seiji Sakata
- Pathology Project for Molecular Targets, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-0063, Japan; Division of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-0063, Japan
| | - Kengo Takeuchi
- Pathology Project for Molecular Targets, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-0063, Japan; Division of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-0063, Japan; Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-0063, Japan
| | - Raj Chari
- Genome Modification Core, Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Yusuke Nakamura
- Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-0063, Japan
| | | | - John B Sunwoo
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Carter Van Waes
- National Institute of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Gordon L Hager
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Vassiliki Saloura
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Haftorn KL, Romanowska J, Lee Y, Page CM, Magnus PM, Håberg SE, Bohlin J, Jugessur A, Denault WRP. Stability selection enhances feature selection and enables accurate prediction of gestational age using only five DNA methylation sites. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:114. [PMID: 37443060 PMCID: PMC10339624 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01528-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA methylation (DNAm) is robustly associated with chronological age in children and adults, and gestational age (GA) in newborns. This property has enabled the development of several epigenetic clocks that can accurately predict chronological age and GA. However, the lack of overlap in predictive CpGs across different epigenetic clocks remains elusive. Our main aim was therefore to identify and characterize CpGs that are stably predictive of GA. RESULTS We applied a statistical approach called 'stability selection' to DNAm data from 2138 newborns in the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort study. Stability selection combines subsampling with variable selection to restrict the number of false discoveries in the set of selected variables. Twenty-four CpGs were identified as being stably predictive of GA. Intriguingly, only up to 10% of the CpGs in previous GA clocks were found to be stably selected. Based on these results, we used generalized additive model regression to develop a new GA clock consisting of only five CpGs, which showed a similar predictive performance as previous GA clocks (R2 = 0.674, median absolute deviation = 4.4 days). These CpGs were in or near genes and regulatory regions involved in immune responses, metabolism, and developmental processes. Furthermore, accounting for nonlinear associations improved prediction performance in preterm newborns. CONCLUSION We present a methodological framework for feature selection that is broadly applicable to any trait that can be predicted from DNAm data. We demonstrate its utility by identifying CpGs that are highly predictive of GA and present a new and highly performant GA clock based on only five CpGs that is more amenable to a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine L Haftorn
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
- Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Julia Romanowska
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Yunsung Lee
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christian M Page
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Division for Mental and Physical Health, Department of Physical Health and Aging, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per M Magnus
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Siri E Håberg
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jon Bohlin
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Division for Infection Control and Environmental Health, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Modelling, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Astanand Jugessur
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - William R P Denault
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
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10
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Zhang H, Wang J, Sun J, Wang Q, Guo L, Ju X. Regulatory mechanism underlying liver X receptor effects on the tumor microenvironment, inflammation and tumorigenesis. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:989-998. [PMID: 37753584 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2264513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Liver X receptors (LXRs) have emerged as novel targets for tumor treatment. LXRs within the tumor microenvironment show the capacity to impact tumorigenesis and tumor development by regulating the infiltration of immune cells and release of cytokines to moderate inflammation. AREAS COVERED In this review, we present a systematic description of recent progress in understanding the impact of LXRs on the tumor microenvironment and tumorigenesis. We also summarize the antitumor effects mediated by LXRs via their regulation of cytokine expression. Additionally, we discuss the limitations of LXR research in tumor studies to date. EXPERT OPINION Previous studies have demonstrated abnormal LXR expression in tumor tissues, and activation of LXRs has been shown to inhibit tumorigenesis and promote apoptosis in tumor cells. However, LXRs can also affect tumorigenesis by regulating immune cell functions within the tumor immune microenvironment. By summarizing the impact of LXRs on immune cells, we provide new insights into the multifaceted nature of LXRs as antitumor targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Lishui District People's Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiang Sun
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lanfang Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoli Ju
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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11
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Geiger M, Oppi S, Nusser-Stein S, Costantino S, Mohammed SA, Gorica E, Hoogerland JA, Matter CM, Guillaumon AT, Ruschitzka F, Paneni F, Oosterveer MH, Stein S. Genetic deletion of hepatic NCOR1 protects from atherosclerosis by promoting alternative bile acid-metabolism and sterol excretion. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:144. [PMID: 37349757 PMCID: PMC10288794 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-01865-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nuclear receptor corepressor 1 (NCOR1) plays an important role in the regulation of gene expression in immunometabolic conditions by connecting chromatin-modifying enzymes, coregulators and transcription factors. NCOR1 has been shown to be involved in cardiometabolic diseases. Recently, we demonstrated that the deletion of macrophage NCOR1 aggravates atherosclerosis by promoting CD36-triggered foam cell formation via PPARG derepression. PURPOSE Since NCOR1 modulates the function of several key regulators involved in hepatic lipid and bile acid metabolism, we hypothesized that its deletion in hepatocytes alters lipid metabolism and atherogenesis. METHODS To test this hypothesis, we generated hepatocyte-specific Ncor1 knockout mice on a Ldlr-/- background. Besides assessing the progression of the disease in thoracoabdominal aortae en face, we analyzed hepatic cholesterol and bile acid metabolism at expression and functional levels. RESULTS Our data demonstrate that liver-specific Ncor1 knockout mice on an atherosclerosis-prone background develop less atherosclerotic lesions than controls. Interestingly, under chow diet, plasma cholesterol levels of liver-specific Ncor1 knockout mice were slightly higher compared to control, but strongly reduced compared to control mice after feeding them an atherogenic diet for 12 weeks. Moreover, the hepatic cholesterol content was decreased in liver-specific Ncor1 knockout compared to control mice. Our mechanistic data revealed that NCOR1 reprograms the synthesis of bile acids towards the alternative pathway, which in turn reduce bile hydrophobicity and enhances fecal cholesterol excretion. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that hepatic Ncor1 deletion in mice decreases atherosclerosis development by reprograming bile acid metabolism and enhancing fecal cholesterol excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Geiger
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.
| | - Sara Oppi
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Nusser-Stein
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Costantino
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Shafeeq Ahmed Mohammed
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Era Gorica
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Joanne A Hoogerland
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christian M Matter
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ana T Guillaumon
- Vascular Diseases Discipline, Clinics Hospital of the University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Frank Ruschitzka
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Paneni
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maaike H Oosterveer
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sokrates Stein
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.
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12
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Canfrán-Duque A, Rotllan N, Zhang X, Andrés-Blasco I, Thompson BM, Sun J, Price NL, Fernández-Fuertes M, Fowler JW, Gómez-Coronado D, Sessa WC, Giannarelli C, Schneider RJ, Tellides G, McDonald JG, Fernández-Hernando C, Suárez Y. Macrophage-Derived 25-Hydroxycholesterol Promotes Vascular Inflammation, Atherogenesis, and Lesion Remodeling. Circulation 2023; 147:388-408. [PMID: 36416142 PMCID: PMC9892282 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.059062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cross-talk between sterol metabolism and inflammatory pathways has been demonstrated to significantly affect the development of atherosclerosis. Cholesterol biosynthetic intermediates and derivatives are increasingly recognized as key immune regulators of macrophages in response to innate immune activation and lipid overloading. 25-Hydroxycholesterol (25-HC) is produced as an oxidation product of cholesterol by the enzyme cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H) and belongs to a family of bioactive cholesterol derivatives produced by cells in response to fluctuating cholesterol levels and immune activation. Despite the major role of 25-HC as a mediator of innate and adaptive immune responses, its contribution during the progression of atherosclerosis remains unclear. METHODS The levels of 25-HC were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the expression of CH25H in different macrophage populations of human or mouse atherosclerotic plaques, respectively. The effect of CH25H on atherosclerosis progression was analyzed by bone marrow adoptive transfer of cells from wild-type or Ch25h-/- mice to lethally irradiated Ldlr-/- mice, followed by a Western diet feeding for 12 weeks. Lipidomic, transcriptomic analysis and effects on macrophage function and signaling were analyzed in vitro from lipid-loaded macrophage isolated from Ldlr-/- or Ch25h-/-;Ldlr-/- mice. The contribution of secreted 25-HC to fibrous cap formation was analyzed using a smooth muscle cell lineage-tracing mouse model, Myh11ERT2CREmT/mG;Ldlr-/-, adoptively transferred with wild-type or Ch25h-/- mice bone marrow followed by 12 weeks of Western diet feeding. RESULTS We found that 25-HC accumulated in human coronary atherosclerotic lesions and that macrophage-derived 25-HC accelerated atherosclerosis progression, promoting plaque instability through autocrine and paracrine actions. 25-HC amplified the inflammatory response of lipid-loaded macrophages and inhibited the migration of smooth muscle cells within the plaque. 25-HC intensified inflammatory responses of lipid-laden macrophages by modifying the pool of accessible cholesterol in the plasma membrane, which altered Toll-like receptor 4 signaling, promoted nuclear factor-κB-mediated proinflammatory gene expression, and increased apoptosis susceptibility. These effects were independent of 25-HC-mediated modulation of liver X receptor or SREBP (sterol regulatory element-binding protein) transcriptional activity. CONCLUSIONS Production of 25-HC by activated macrophages amplifies their inflammatory phenotype, thus promoting atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Canfrán-Duque
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and System Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Noemi Rotllan
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and System Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Xinbo Zhang
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and System Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Irene Andrés-Blasco
- Department of Comparative Medicine. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Genomics and Diabetes Unit, Health Research Institute Clinic Hospital of Valencia (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Bonne M Thompson
- Center for Human Nutrition. University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan Sun
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and System Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Pathology. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nathan L Price
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and System Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Marta Fernández-Fuertes
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and System Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Joseph W. Fowler
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Pharmacology Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Diego Gómez-Coronado
- Servicio Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRyCIS, Madrid, and CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - William C. Sessa
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Pharmacology Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Chiara Giannarelli
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Robert J Schneider
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - George Tellides
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520 USA
| | - Jeffrey G McDonald
- Center for Human Nutrition. University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Carlos Fernández-Hernando
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and System Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Pathology. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yajaira Suárez
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and System Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Pathology. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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13
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Selective induction of thymic stromal lymphopoietin expression by novel nitrogen-containing steroid compounds in PAM-212 cells. J Transl Autoimmun 2022; 6:100186. [PMID: 36684807 PMCID: PMC9852564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2022.100186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) has been shown to be able to amplify Tregs. Thus, TSLP induction has the potential to induce endogenous Tregs and control autoimmunity. In the previous research, we found that a new compound named 02F04 can induce TSLP production while simultaneously activating the liver X receptor (LXR). Because LXR activation leads to a decrease in Treg, we attempted to find a 02F04-derivative, druggable lead compound with a basic skeleton that induces TSLP production without activating LXR. As the results, we found HA-7 and HA-19 and, in this study, examined the molecular mechanisms in TSLP production. Methods A murine keratinocyte cell line PAM 212 was stimulated with HA-7 and HA-19, and then the expressions of cytokines were examined via ELISA and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Results HA-7 and HA-19 induced TSLP production but almost not the expression of TNF-α, IL-13, IL-25, and IL-33 in PAM212 cells. These compounds inhibited LXR activities. The TSLP expression induced by HA-7 and HA-19 was inhibited by the Gq/11 inhibitor YM-254890, ROCK inhibitor Y-27632, and ERK inhibitor U0126. HA-7 and HA-19 also induced the formation of stress fiber and ERK phosphorylation, which were inhibited by YM-254890 and Y-27632. Conclusions Our findings indicated that HA-7 and HA-19 selectively induced TSLP production in PAM212 via Gq/11, Rho/ROCK and ERK pathways. Our findings also indicated that TSLP expression was differentially regulated from other cytokines, and the selective expression could be induced with low-molecular-weight compounds such as HA-7 and HA-19.
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14
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Li N, Li Y, Han X, Zhang J, Han J, Jiang X, Wang W, Xu Y, Xu Y, Fu Y, Si S. LXR agonist inhibits inflammation through regulating MyD88 mRNA alternative splicing. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:973612. [PMID: 36313296 PMCID: PMC9614042 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.973612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver X receptors (LXRs) are important regulators of cholesterol metabolism and inflammatory responses. LXR agonists exhibit potently anti-inflammatory effects in macrophages, which make them beneficial to anti-atherogenic therapy. In addition to transrepressive regulation by SUMOylation, LXRs can inhibit inflammation by various mechanisms through affecting multiple targets. In this study, we found that the classic LXR agonist T0901317 mediated numerous genes containing alternative splice sites, including myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), that contribute to inflammatory inhibition in RAW264.7 macrophages. Furthermore, T0901317 increased level of alternative splice short form of MyD88 mRNA by down-regulating expression of splicing factor SF3A1, leading to nuclear factor κB-mediated inhibition of inflammation. In conclusion, our results suggest for the first time that the LXR agonist T0901317 inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation through regulating MyD88 mRNA alternative splicing involved in TLR4 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ni Li, ; Yu Fu, ; Shuyi Si,
| | - Yan Li
- College of Food Science and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei
| | - Xiaowan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangxue Han
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinhai Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Weizhi Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanni Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Fu
- College of Food Science and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei
- *Correspondence: Ni Li, ; Yu Fu, ; Shuyi Si,
| | - Shuyi Si
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ni Li, ; Yu Fu, ; Shuyi Si,
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15
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Jha A, Ahad A, Mishra GP, Sen K, Smita S, Minz AP, Biswas VK, Tripathy A, Senapati S, Gupta B, Acha-Orbea H, Raghav SK. SMRT and NCoR1 fine-tune inflammatory versus tolerogenic balance in dendritic cells by differentially regulating STAT3 signaling. Front Immunol 2022; 13:910705. [PMID: 36238311 PMCID: PMC9552960 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.910705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) fine-tunes inflammatory versus tolerogenic responses to protect from immune-pathology. However, the role of co-regulators in maintaining this balance is unexplored. NCoR1-mediated repression of DC immune-tolerance has been recently reported. Here we found that depletion of NCoR1 paralog SMRT (NCoR2) enhanced cDC1 activation and expression of IL-6, IL-12 and IL-23 while concomitantly decreasing IL-10 expression/secretion. Consequently, co-cultured CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells depicted enhanced Th1/Th17 frequency and cytotoxicity, respectively. Comparative genomic and transcriptomic analysis demonstrated differential regulation of IL-10 by SMRT and NCoR1. SMRT depletion represses mTOR-STAT3-IL10 signaling in cDC1 by down-regulating NR4A1. Besides, Nfkbia and Socs3 were down-regulated in Ncor2 (Smrt) depleted cDC1, supporting increased production of inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, studies in mice showed, adoptive transfer of SMRT depleted cDC1 in OVA-DTH induced footpad inflammation led to increased Th1/Th17 and reduced tumor burden after B16 melanoma injection by enhancing oncolytic CD8+ T-cell frequency, respectively. We also depicted decreased Ncor2 expression in Rheumatoid Arthritis, a Th1/Th17 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atimukta Jha
- Immuno-genomics & Systems Biology laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Bhubaneswar, OR, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, KA, India
| | - Abdul Ahad
- Immuno-genomics & Systems Biology laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Bhubaneswar, OR, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, KA, India
| | - Gyan Prakash Mishra
- Immuno-genomics & Systems Biology laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Bhubaneswar, OR, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Kaushik Sen
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Haryana, India
| | - Shuchi Smita
- Immuno-genomics & Systems Biology laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Bhubaneswar, OR, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, KA, India
| | - Aliva Prity Minz
- Immuno-genomics & Systems Biology laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Bhubaneswar, OR, India
| | - Viplov Kumar Biswas
- Immuno-genomics & Systems Biology laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Bhubaneswar, OR, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Archana Tripathy
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Shantibhushan Senapati
- Immuno-genomics & Systems Biology laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Bhubaneswar, OR, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, KA, India
| | - Bhawna Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Hans Acha-Orbea
- Department of Biochemistry Center of Immunity and Infection Lausanne (CIIL), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Sunil Kumar Raghav
- Immuno-genomics & Systems Biology laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Bhubaneswar, OR, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, KA, India
- *Correspondence: Sunil Kumar Raghav, ;
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16
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Richter HJ, Hauck AK, Batmanov K, Inoue SI, So BN, Kim M, Emmett MJ, Cohen RN, Lazar MA. Balanced control of thermogenesis by nuclear receptor corepressors in brown adipose tissue. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2205276119. [PMID: 35939699 PMCID: PMC9388101 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2205276119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a key thermogenic organ whose expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and ability to maintain body temperature in response to acute cold exposure require histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3). HDAC3 exists in tight association with nuclear receptor corepressors (NCoRs) NCoR1 and NCoR2 (also known as silencing mediator of retinoid and thyroid receptors [SMRT]), but the functions of NCoR1/2 in BAT have not been established. Here we report that as expected, genetic loss of NCoR1/2 in BAT (NCoR1/2 BAT-dKO) leads to loss of HDAC3 activity. In addition, HDAC3 is no longer bound at its physiological genomic sites in the absence of NCoR1/2, leading to a shared deregulation of BAT lipid metabolism between NCoR1/2 BAT-dKO and HDAC3 BAT-KO mice. Despite these commonalities, loss of NCoR1/2 in BAT does not phenocopy the cold sensitivity observed in HDAC3 BAT-KO, nor does loss of either corepressor alone. Instead, BAT lacking NCoR1/2 is inflamed, particularly with respect to the interleukin-17 axis that increases thermogenic capacity by enhancing innervation. Integration of BAT RNA sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing data revealed that NCoR1/2 directly regulate Mmp9, which integrates extracellular matrix remodeling and inflammation. These findings reveal pleiotropic functions of the NCoR/HDAC3 corepressor complex in BAT, such that HDAC3-independent suppression of BAT inflammation counterbalances stimulation of HDAC3 activity in the control of thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J. Richter
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Amy K. Hauck
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Kirill Batmanov
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Shin-Ichi Inoue
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Bethany N. So
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Mindy Kim
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Matthew J. Emmett
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Ronald N. Cohen
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Mitchell A. Lazar
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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17
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Hakimi MA. Epigenetic Reprogramming in Host-Parasite Coevolution: The Toxoplasma Paradigm. Annu Rev Microbiol 2022; 76:135-155. [PMID: 35587934 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-041320-011520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Like many intracellular pathogens, the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii has evolved sophisticated mechanisms to promote its transmission and persistence in a variety of hosts by injecting effector proteins that manipulate many processes in the cells it invades. Specifically, the parasite diverts host epigenetic modulators and modifiers from their native functions to rewire host gene expression to counteract the innate immune response and to limit its strength. The arms race between the parasite and its hosts has led to accelerated adaptive evolution of effector proteins and the unconventional secretion routes they use. This review provides an up-to-date overview of how T. gondii effectors, through the evolution of intrinsically disordered domains, the formation of supramolecular complexes, and the use of molecular mimicry, target host transcription factors that act as coordinating nodes, as well as chromatin-modifying enzymes, to control the fate of infected cells and ultimately the outcome of infection. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Microbiology, Volume 76 is September 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed-Ali Hakimi
- Host-Pathogen Interactions and Immunity to Infection, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France;
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18
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Cutaneous Liver X Receptor Activation Prevents the Formation of Imiquimod-Induced Psoriatic Dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:1233-1237.e1. [PMID: 34555417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.08.432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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19
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Tahri-Joutey M, Andreoletti P, Surapureddi S, Nasser B, Cherkaoui-Malki M, Latruffe N. Mechanisms Mediating the Regulation of Peroxisomal Fatty Acid Beta-Oxidation by PPARα. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168969. [PMID: 34445672 PMCID: PMC8396561 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammalian cells, two cellular organelles, mitochondria and peroxisomes, share the ability to degrade fatty acid chains. Although each organelle harbors its own fatty acid β-oxidation pathway, a distinct mitochondrial system feeds the oxidative phosphorylation pathway for ATP synthesis. At the same time, the peroxisomal β-oxidation pathway participates in cellular thermogenesis. A scientific milestone in 1965 helped discover the hepatomegaly effect in rat liver by clofibrate, subsequently identified as a peroxisome proliferator in rodents and an activator of the peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation pathway. These peroxisome proliferators were later identified as activating ligands of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α (PPARα), cloned in 1990. The ligand-activated heterodimer PPARα/RXRα recognizes a DNA sequence, called PPRE (Peroxisome Proliferator Response Element), corresponding to two half-consensus hexanucleotide motifs, AGGTCA, separated by one nucleotide. Accordingly, the assembled complex containing PPRE/PPARα/RXRα/ligands/Coregulators controls the expression of the genes involved in liver peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation. This review mobilizes a considerable number of findings that discuss miscellaneous axes, covering the detailed expression pattern of PPARα in species and tissues, the lessons from several PPARα KO mouse models and the modulation of PPARα function by dietary micronutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounia Tahri-Joutey
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; (M.T.-J.); (P.A.); (M.C.-M.)
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Neurosciences, Natural Resources and Environment, Faculty of Sciences & Techniques, University Hassan I, BP 577, 26000 Settat, Morocco;
| | - Pierre Andreoletti
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; (M.T.-J.); (P.A.); (M.C.-M.)
| | - Sailesh Surapureddi
- Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460, USA;
| | - Boubker Nasser
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Neurosciences, Natural Resources and Environment, Faculty of Sciences & Techniques, University Hassan I, BP 577, 26000 Settat, Morocco;
| | - Mustapha Cherkaoui-Malki
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; (M.T.-J.); (P.A.); (M.C.-M.)
| | - Norbert Latruffe
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; (M.T.-J.); (P.A.); (M.C.-M.)
- Correspondence:
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20
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Eskandari M, Mellati AA. Liver X Receptor as a Possible Drug Target for Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity. Adv Pharm Bull 2021; 12:466-475. [PMID: 35935038 PMCID: PMC9348539 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2022.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: blood-brain barrier (BBB) is made of specialized cells that are responsible for the selective passage of substances directed to the brain. The integrated BBB is essential for precise controlling of the different substances passage as well as protecting the brain from various damages. In this article, we attempted to explain the role of liver X receptor (LXR) in maintaining BBB integrity as a possible drug target.
Methods: In this study, various databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus were searched using the following keywords: blood-brain barrier, BBB, liver X receptor, and LXR until July, 2020. Additionally, contents close to the subject of our study were surveyed.
Results: LXR is a receptor the roles of which in various diseases have been investigated. LXR can affect maintaining BBB by affecting various ways such as ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), tight junction molecules, both signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), Wnt/β-catenin Signaling, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling, and expressions of Smad 2/3 and Snail.
Conclusion: LXR could possibly be used either as a target for drug delivery to brain tissue or as a target for maintaining the BBB integrity in different diseases; thereby the drug will be conducted to tissues, other than the brain. If it is verified that only LXRα is necessary for protecting BBB, some specific LXRα ligands must be found and then used in medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Eskandari
- Medical school, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Ali Awsat Mellati
- Zanjan Metabolic Disease Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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21
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Rosenberg A, Sibley LD. Toxoplasma gondii secreted effectors co-opt host repressor complexes to inhibit necroptosis. Cell Host Microbe 2021; 29:1186-1198.e8. [PMID: 34043960 PMCID: PMC8711274 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii translocates effector proteins into its host cell to subvert various host pathways. T. gondii effector TgIST blocks the transcription of interferon-stimulated genes to reduce immune defense. Interferons upregulate numerous genes, including protein kinase R (PKR), which induce necrosome formation to activate mixed-lineage-kinase-domain-like (MLKL) pseudokinase and induce necroptosis. Whether these interferon functions are targeted by Toxoplasma is unknown. Here, we examine secreted effectors that localize to the host cell nucleus and find that the chronic bradyzoite stage secretes effector TgNSM that targets the NCoR/SMRT complex, a repressor for various transcription factors, to inhibit interferon-regulated genes involved in cell death. TgNSM acts with TgIST to block IFN-driven expression of PKR and MLKL, thus preventing host cell necroptotic death and protecting the parasite's intracellular niche. The mechanism of action of TgNSM uncovers a role of NCoR/SMRT in necroptosis, assuring survival of intracellular cysts and chronic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Rosenberg
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - L David Sibley
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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22
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Zhang R, Cheung CY, Seo SU, Liu H, Pardeshi L, Wong KH, Chow LMC, Chau MP, Wang Y, Lee AR, Kwon WY, Chen S, Chan BKW, Wong K, Choy RKW, Ko BCB. RUVBL1/2 Complex Regulates Pro-Inflammatory Responses in Macrophages via Regulating Histone H3K4 Trimethylation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:679184. [PMID: 34276666 PMCID: PMC8282052 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.679184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play an important role in the host defense mechanism. In response to infection, macrophages activate a genetic program of pro-inflammatory response to kill any invading pathogen, and initiate an adaptive immune response. We have identified RUVBL2 - an ATP-binding protein belonging to the AAA+ (ATPase associated with diverse cellular activities) superfamily of ATPases - as a novel regulator in pro-inflammatory response of macrophages. Gene knockdown of Ruvbl2, or pharmacological inhibition of RUVBL1/2 activity, compromises type-2 nitric oxide synthase (Nos2) gene expression, nitric oxide production and anti-bacterial activity of mouse macrophages in response to lipopolysaccharides (LPS). RUVBL1/2 inhibitor similarly inhibits pro-inflammatory response in human monocytes, suggesting functional conservation of RUVBL1/2 in humans. Transcriptome analysis further revealed that major LPS-induced pro-inflammatory pathways in macrophages are regulated in a RUVBL1/2-dependent manner. Furthermore, RUVBL1/2 inhibition significantly reduced the level of histone H3K4me3 at the promoter region of Nos2 and Il6, two prototypical pro-inflammatory genes, and diminished the recruitment of NF-kappaB to the corresponding enhancers. Our study reveals RUVBL1/2 as an integral component of macrophage pro-inflammatory responses through epigenetic regulations, and the therapeutic potentials of RUVBL1/2 inhibitors in the treatment of diseases caused by aberrant activation of pro-inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chris Y Cheung
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sang-Uk Seo
- Department of Microbiology, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hang Liu
- The University Research Facility in Chemical and Environmental Analysis, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lakhansing Pardeshi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau.,Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau
| | - Koon Ho Wong
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau
| | - Larry M C Chow
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mary P Chau
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yixiang Wang
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ah Ra Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woon Yong Kwon
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, The City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bill Kwan-Wai Chan
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kenneth Wong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Richard K W Choy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ben C B Ko
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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23
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Bichiou H, Bouabid C, Rabhi I, Guizani-Tabbane L. Transcription Factors Interplay Orchestrates the Immune-Metabolic Response of Leishmania Infected Macrophages. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:660415. [PMID: 33898331 PMCID: PMC8058464 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.660415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a group of heterogenous diseases considered as an important public health problem in several countries. This neglected disease is caused by over 20 parasite species of the protozoa belonging to the Leishmania genus and is spread by the bite of a female phlebotomine sandfly. Depending on the parasite specie and the immune status of the patient, leishmaniasis can present a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. As an obligate intracellular parasite, Leishmania colonize phagocytic cells, mainly the macrophages that orchestrate the host immune response and determine the fate of the infection. Once inside macrophages, Leishmania triggers different signaling pathways that regulate the immune and metabolic response of the host cells. Various transcription factors regulate such immune-metabolic responses and the associated leishmanicidal and inflammatory reaction against the invading parasite. In this review, we will highlight the most important transcription factors involved in these responses, their interactions and their impact on the establishment and the progression of the immune response along with their effect on the physiopathology of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifa Bichiou
- Laboratory of Medical Parasitology, Biotechnology and Biomolecules (PMBB), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.,Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Cyrine Bouabid
- Laboratory of Medical Parasitology, Biotechnology and Biomolecules (PMBB), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.,Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Imen Rabhi
- Laboratory of Medical Parasitology, Biotechnology and Biomolecules (PMBB), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.,Biotechnology Department, Higher Institute of Biotechnology at Sidi-Thabet (ISBST), Biotechpole Sidi-Thabet- University of Manouba, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Lamia Guizani-Tabbane
- Laboratory of Medical Parasitology, Biotechnology and Biomolecules (PMBB), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
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24
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Giaimo BD, Robert-Finestra T, Oswald F, Gribnau J, Borggrefe T. Chromatin Regulator SPEN/SHARP in X Inactivation and Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071665. [PMID: 33916248 PMCID: PMC8036811 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Carcinogenesis is a multistep process involving not only the activation of oncogenes and disabling tumor suppressor genes, but also epigenetic modulation of gene expression. X chromosome inactivation (XCI) is a paradigm to study heterochromatin formation and maintenance. The double dosage of X chromosomal genes in female mammals is incompatible with early development. XCI is an excellent model system for understanding the establishment of facultative heterochromatin initiated by the expression of a 17,000 nt long non-coding RNA, known as Xinactivespecifictranscript (Xist), on the X chromosome. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms of how epigenetic modulators act in a step-wise manner to establish facultative heterochromatin, and we put these in the context of cancer biology and disease. An in depth understanding of XCI will allow a better characterization of particular types of cancer and hopefully facilitate the development of novel epigenetic therapies. Abstract Enzymes, such as histone methyltransferases and demethylases, histone acetyltransferases and deacetylases, and DNA methyltransferases are known as epigenetic modifiers that are often implicated in tumorigenesis and disease. One of the best-studied chromatin-based mechanism is X chromosome inactivation (XCI), a process that establishes facultative heterochromatin on only one X chromosome in females and establishes the right dosage of gene expression. The specificity factor for this process is the long non-coding RNA Xinactivespecifictranscript (Xist), which is upregulated from one X chromosome in female cells. Subsequently, Xist is bound by the corepressor SHARP/SPEN, recruiting and/or activating histone deacetylases (HDACs), leading to the loss of active chromatin marks such as H3K27ac. In addition, polycomb complexes PRC1 and PRC2 establish wide-spread accumulation of H3K27me3 and H2AK119ub1 chromatin marks. The lack of active marks and establishment of repressive marks set the stage for DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) to stably silence the X chromosome. Here, we will review the recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of how heterochromatin formation is established and put this into the context of carcinogenesis and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetto Daniele Giaimo
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Correspondence: (B.D.G.); (T.B.); Tel.: +49-641-9947-400 (T.B.)
| | - Teresa Robert-Finestra
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus MC, Oncode Institute, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (T.R.-F.); (J.G.)
| | - Franz Oswald
- Center for Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany;
| | - Joost Gribnau
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus MC, Oncode Institute, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (T.R.-F.); (J.G.)
| | - Tilman Borggrefe
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Correspondence: (B.D.G.); (T.B.); Tel.: +49-641-9947-400 (T.B.)
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25
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Alatshan A, Benkő S. Nuclear Receptors as Multiple Regulators of NLRP3 Inflammasome Function. Front Immunol 2021; 12:630569. [PMID: 33717162 PMCID: PMC7952630 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.630569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptors are important bridges between lipid signaling molecules and transcription responses. Beside their role in several developmental and physiological processes, many of these receptors have been shown to regulate and determine the fate of immune cells, and the outcome of immune responses under physiological and pathological conditions. While NLRP3 inflammasome is assumed as key regulator for innate and adaptive immune responses, and has been associated with various pathological events, the precise impact of the nuclear receptors on the function of inflammasome is hardly investigated. A wide variety of factors and conditions have been identified as modulators of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and at the same time, many of the nuclear receptors are known to regulate, and interact with these factors, including cellular metabolism and various signaling pathways. Nuclear receptors are in the focus of many researches, as these receptors are easy to manipulate by lipid soluble molecules. Importantly, nuclear receptors mediate regulatory mechanisms at multiple levels: not only at transcription level, but also in the cytosol via non-genomic effects. Their importance is also reflected by the numerous approved drugs that have been developed in the past decade to specifically target nuclear receptors subtypes. Researches aiming to delineate mechanisms that regulate NLRP3 inflammasome activation draw a wide range of attention due to their unquestionable importance in infectious and sterile inflammatory conditions. In this review, we provide an overview of current reports and knowledge about NLRP3 inflammasome regulation from the perspective of nuclear receptors, in order to bring new insight to the potentially therapeutic aspect in targeting NLRP3 inflammasome and NLRP3 inflammasome-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Alatshan
- Departments of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cellular and Immune Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Benkő
- Departments of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cellular and Immune Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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26
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Chen SY, Chen YZ, Lee YJ, Jiang CL, Lu SC, Lin FJ. Maternal hypercholesterolemia exacerbates atherosclerosis lesions in female offspring through potentiating macrophage polarization toward an inflammatory M1 phenotype. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 90:108575. [PMID: 33387610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Maternal hypercholesterolemia induces early onset of cardiovascular diseases in offspring; however, its underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. We hypothesized that maternal hypercholesterolemia increases offspring susceptibility to atherosclerosis in adulthood through developmental modifications of macrophages. Female apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-deficient mice were fed a Western-type diet (WD) or a control diet (CD) prior to and throughout gestation and lactation. The offspring were all fed a WD after weaning. Sixteen-week-old female offspring of WD-fed dams showed a significant increase in atherosclerotic lesions of the aorta and aortic root compared with those of CD-fed dams. This effect was associated with increased macrophage accumulation within lesions, macrophage inflammation and an increase in circulating Ly6Chigh monocyte and F4/80 macrophage counts. We further evidenced that in utero WD exposure promoted macrophage polarization toward the M1 phenotype by elevating M1 markers (Cd86, Inos/Nos2) without affecting M2 markers (Cd206, Arg1). Proinflammatory cytokine synthesis was also enhanced in response to LPS. Finally, maternal WD intake strongly inhibited the macrophage expression of Pparg and Lxra, which was associated with aberrant DNA methylation of Lxra promoter. Our findings demonstrate that maternal hypercholesterolemia exacerbates atherosclerosis, in part by altering the epigenetic state of the macrophage genome of the offspring, imprinting gene expression, and changing macrophage polarization, which ultimately contributes to plaque macrophage burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin-Yu Chen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Zhen Chen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jing Lee
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Lin Jiang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Chun Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Jung Lin
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Research Center for Development Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Buñay J, Fouache A, Trousson A, de Joussineau C, Bouchareb E, Zhu Z, Kocer A, Morel L, Baron S, Lobaccaro JMA. Screening for liver X receptor modulators: Where are we and for what use? Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:3277-3293. [PMID: 33080050 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver X receptors (LXRs) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily that are canonically activated by oxidized derivatives of cholesterol. Since the mid-90s, numerous groups have identified LXRs as endocrine receptors that are involved in the regulation of various physiological functions. As a result, when their expression is genetically modified in mice, phenotypic analyses reveal endocrine disorders ranging from infertility to diabetes and obesity, nervous system pathologies such Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease, immunological disturbances, inflammatory response, and enhancement of tumour development. Based on such findings, it appears that LXRs could constitute good pharmacological targets to prevent and/or to treat these diseases. This review discusses the various aspects of LXR drug discovery, from the tools available for the screening of potential LXR modulators to the current situational analysis of the drugs in development. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Oxysterols, Lifelong Health and Therapeutics. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.16/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Buñay
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS, INSERM, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Allan Fouache
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS, INSERM, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Amalia Trousson
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS, INSERM, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Cyrille de Joussineau
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS, INSERM, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Erwan Bouchareb
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS, INSERM, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Zhekun Zhu
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS, INSERM, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ayhan Kocer
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS, INSERM, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laurent Morel
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS, INSERM, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Silvere Baron
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS, INSERM, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Marc A Lobaccaro
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS, INSERM, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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28
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Bilotta MT, Petillo S, Santoni A, Cippitelli M. Liver X Receptors: Regulators of Cholesterol Metabolism, Inflammation, Autoimmunity, and Cancer. Front Immunol 2020; 11:584303. [PMID: 33224146 PMCID: PMC7670053 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.584303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The interplay between cellular stress and immune response can be variable and sometimes contradictory. The mechanisms by which stress-activated pathways regulate the inflammatory response to a pathogen, in autoimmunity or during cancer progression remain unclear in many aspects, despite our recent knowledge of the signalling and transcriptional pathways involved in these diseases. In this context, over the last decade many studies demonstrated that cholesterol metabolism is an important checkpoint for immune homeostasis and cancer progression. Indeed, cholesterol is actively metabolized and can regulate, through its mobilization and/or production of active derivatives, many aspects of immunity and inflammation. Moreover, accumulation of cholesterol has been described in cancer cells, indicating metabolic addiction. The nuclear receptors liver-X-receptors (LXRs) are important regulators of intracellular cholesterol and lipids homeostasis. They have also key regulatory roles in immune response, as they can regulate inflammation, innate and adaptive immunity. Moreover, activation of LXRs has been reported to affect the proliferation and survival of different cancer cell types that show altered metabolic pathways and accumulation of cholesterol. In this minireview we will give an overview of the recent understandings about the mechanisms through which LXRs regulate inflammation, autoimmunity, and cancer, and the therapeutic potential for future treatment of these diseases through modulation of cholesterol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Petillo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Mediterraneo di Neuroscienze Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Marco Cippitelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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29
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Li HF, Wu YL, Tseng TL, Chao SW, Lin H, Chen HH. Inhibition of miR-155 potentially protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury through the IRF2BP2-NFAT1 pathway. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 319:C1070-C1081. [PMID: 33052070 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00116.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis-induced lung injury is a lethal complication with no effective treatment options, affecting millions of people worldwide. Oroxylin A (OroA) is a natural flavonoid with potent anticancer effects, but its modulating effect on inflammation through microRNAs (miRs) is not apparent. In this report, we investigated the target genes of the miR pathway mediated by OroA and assessed the potential for novel treatments of septic lung injury. An miR array screening and quantitative polymerase chain reaction identified that miR-155-5p could be a candidate regulated by OroA. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that interferon regulatory factor-2-binding protein-2 (IRF2BP2) might be a target of miR-155-5p, and this hypothesis was verified through reporter assays. In addition, an immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that OroA increased the binding activity of IRF2BP2 to the nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1 (NFAT1), causing inducible nitric oxide synthase to cause an inflammatory reaction. Finally, the direct injection of short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-miR-155-5p into the bone marrow of mice ameliorated LPS-induced acute lung injury and inflammation in mice. Our results provide new mechanistic insights into the role of the OroA-induced miR-155-5p-IRF2BP2-NFAT1 axis in sepsis, demonstrating that direct bone marrow injection of lentivirus containing shRNA-155-5p could prove to be a potential future clinical application in alleviating sepsis-induced acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Fen Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,PhD Program in Biotechnology Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Lin Wu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ling Tseng
- Department of Medical Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Chao
- Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Heng Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,PhD Program in Biotechnology Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Hsien Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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30
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Geiger MA, Guillaumon AT, Paneni F, Matter CM, Stein S. Role of the Nuclear Receptor Corepressor 1 (NCOR1) in Atherosclerosis and Associated Immunometabolic Diseases. Front Immunol 2020; 11:569358. [PMID: 33117357 PMCID: PMC7578257 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.569358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is part of chronic immunometabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Their common risk factors comprise hypertension, insulin resistance, visceral obesity, and dyslipidemias, such as hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia, which are part of the metabolic syndrome. Immunometabolic diseases include chronic pathologies that are affected by both metabolic and inflammatory triggers and mediators. Important and challenging questions in this context are to reveal how metabolic triggers and their downstream signaling affect inflammatory processes and vice-versa. Along these lines, specific nuclear receptors sense changes in lipid metabolism and in turn induce downstream inflammatory and metabolic processes. The transcriptional activity of these nuclear receptors is regulated by the nuclear receptor corepressors (NCORs), including NCOR1. In this review we describe the function of NCOR1 as a central immunometabolic regulator and focus on its role in atherosclerosis and associated immunometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A Geiger
- Vascular Diseases Discipline, Clinics Hospital of the University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ana T Guillaumon
- Vascular Diseases Discipline, Clinics Hospital of the University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Francesco Paneni
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian M Matter
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sokrates Stein
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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31
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Szigety KM, Liu F, Yuan CY, Moran DJ, Horrell J, Gochnauer HR, Cohen RN, Katz JP, Kaestner KH, Seykora JT, Tobias JW, Lazar MA, Xu M, Millar SE. HDAC3 ensures stepwise epidermal stratification via NCoR/SMRT-reliant mechanisms independent of its histone deacetylase activity. Genes Dev 2020; 34:973-988. [PMID: 32467224 PMCID: PMC7328513 DOI: 10.1101/gad.333674.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Here, Szigety et al. investigated the function of histone deacetylases in epidermal development, and they found that HDAC3 operates in conjunction with KLF4 to repress inappropriate expression of Tgm1, Krt16, and Aqp3, and suppresses expression of inflammatory cytokines through a Rela-dependent mechanism. Their data identify HDAC3 as a hub coordinating multiple aspects of epidermal barrier acquisition. Chromatin modifiers play critical roles in epidermal development, but the functions of histone deacetylases in this context are poorly understood. The class I HDAC, HDAC3, is of particular interest because it plays divergent roles in different tissues by partnering with tissue-specific transcription factors. We found that HDAC3 is expressed broadly in embryonic epidermis and is required for its orderly stepwise stratification. HDAC3 protein stability in vivo relies on NCoR and SMRT, which function redundantly in epidermal development. However, point mutations in the NCoR and SMRT deacetylase-activating domains, which are required for HDAC3's enzymatic function, permit normal stratification, indicating that HDAC3's roles in this context are largely independent of its histone deacetylase activity. HDAC3-bound sites are significantly enriched for predicted binding motifs for critical epidermal transcription factors including AP1, GRHL, and KLF family members. Our results suggest that among these, HDAC3 operates in conjunction with KLF4 to repress inappropriate expression of Tgm1, Krt16, and Aqp3. In parallel, HDAC3 suppresses expression of inflammatory cytokines through a Rela-dependent mechanism. These data identify HDAC3 as a hub coordinating multiple aspects of epidermal barrier acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Szigety
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Chase Y Yuan
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Deborah J Moran
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Jeremy Horrell
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Heather R Gochnauer
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Ronald N Cohen
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Jonathan P Katz
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Klaus H Kaestner
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - John T Seykora
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - John W Tobias
- Penn Genomic Analysis Core, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Mitchell A Lazar
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Mingang Xu
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA.,Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Sarah E Millar
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA.,Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
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32
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Harris DA, Mina A, Cabarkapa D, Heshmati K, Subramaniam R, Banks AS, Tavakkoli A, Sheu EG. Sleeve gastrectomy enhances glucose utilization and remodels adipose tissue independent of weight loss. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 318:E678-E688. [PMID: 32069072 PMCID: PMC7395476 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00441.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) induces weight loss-independent improvements in glucose homeostasis by unknown mechanisms. We sought to identify the metabolic adaptations responsible for these improvements. Nonobese C57BL/6J mice on standard chow underwent SG or sham surgery. Functional testing and indirect calorimetry were used to capture metabolic phenotypes. Tissue-specific glucose uptake was assessed by 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18-FDG) PET/computed tomography, and RNA sequencing was used for gene-expression analysis. In this model, SG induced durable improvements in glucose tolerance in the absence of changes in weight, body composition, or food intake. Indirect calorimetry revealed that SG increased the average respiratory exchange ratio toward 1.0, indicating a weight-independent, systemic shift to carbohydrate utilization. Following SG, orally administered 18-FDG preferentially localized to white adipose depots, showing tissue-specific increases in glucose utilization induced by surgery. Transcriptional analysis with RNA sequencing demonstrated that increased glucose uptake in the visceral adipose tissue was associated with upregulation in transcriptional pathways involved in energy metabolism, adipocyte maturation, and adaptive and innate immune cell chemotaxis and differentiation. SG induces a rapid, weight loss-independent shift toward glucose utilization and transcriptional remodeling of metabolic and immune pathways in visceral adipose tissue. Continued study of this early post-SG physiology may lead to a better understanding of the anti-diabetic mechanisms of bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Harris
- Laboratory for Surgical and Metabolic Research, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amir Mina
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dimitrije Cabarkapa
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Keyvan Heshmati
- Laboratory for Surgical and Metabolic Research, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Renuka Subramaniam
- Laboratory for Surgical and Metabolic Research, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alexander S Banks
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ali Tavakkoli
- Laboratory for Surgical and Metabolic Research, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eric G Sheu
- Laboratory for Surgical and Metabolic Research, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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33
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Kuznetsova T, Prange KHM, Glass CK, de Winther MPJ. Transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of macrophages in atherosclerosis. Nat Rev Cardiol 2020; 17:216-228. [PMID: 31578516 PMCID: PMC7770754 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-019-0265-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Monocytes and macrophages provide defence against pathogens and danger signals. These cells respond to stimulation in a fast and stimulus-specific manner by utilizing complex cascaded activation by lineage-determining and signal-dependent transcription factors. The complexity of the functional response is determined by interactions between triggered transcription factors and depends on the microenvironment and interdependent signalling cascades. Dysregulation of macrophage phenotypes is a major driver of various diseases such as atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, exposure of monocytes, which are macrophage precursor cells, to certain stimuli can lead to a hypo-inflammatory tolerized phenotype or a hyper-inflammatory trained phenotype in a macrophage. In atherosclerosis, macrophages and monocytes are exposed to inflammatory cytokines, oxidized lipids, cholesterol crystals and other factors. All these stimuli induce not only a specific transcriptional response but also interact extensively, leading to transcriptional and epigenetic heterogeneity of macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques. Targeting the epigenetic landscape of plaque macrophages can be a powerful therapeutic tool to modulate pro-atherogenic phenotypes and reduce the rate of plaque formation. In this Review, we discuss the emerging role of transcription factors and epigenetic remodelling in macrophages in the context of atherosclerosis and inflammation, and provide a comprehensive overview of epigenetic enzymes and transcription factors that are involved in macrophage activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Kuznetsova
- Experimental Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers - location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Koen H M Prange
- Experimental Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers - location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Christopher K Glass
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Menno P J de Winther
- Experimental Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers - location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.
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34
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Cui W, Shen X, Agbas E, Tompkins B, Cameron-Carter H, Staudinger JL. Phosphorylation Modulates the Coregulatory Protein Exchange of the Nuclear Receptor Pregnane X Receptor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 373:370-380. [PMID: 32205367 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.264762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The pregnane X receptor (PXR), or nuclear receptor (NR) 1I2, is a ligand-activated NR superfamily member that is enriched in liver and intestine in mammals. Activation of PXR regulates the expression of genes encoding key proteins involved in drug metabolism, drug efflux, and drug transport. Recent mechanistic investigations reveal that post-translational modifications (PTMs), such as phosphorylation, play a critical role in modulating the bimodal function of PXR-mediated transrepression and transactivation of target gene transcription. Upon ligand binding, PXR undergoes a conformational change that promotes dissociation of histone deacetylase-containing multiprotein corepressor protein complexes while simultaneously favoring recruitment histone acetyl transferase-containing complexes. Here we describe a novel adenoviral vector used to deliver and recover recombinant human PXR protein from primary cultures of hepatocytes. Using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry we report here that PXR is phosphorylated at amino acid residues threonine 135 (T135) and serine 221 (S221). Biochemical analysis reveals that these two residues play an important regulatory role in the cycling of corepressor and coactivator multiprotein complexes. These data further our foundational knowledge regarding the specific role of PTMs, namely phosphorylation, in regulating the biology of PXR. Future efforts are focused on using the novel tools described here to identify additional PTMs and protein partners of PXR in primary cultures of hepatocytes, an important experimental model system. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Pregnane X receptor (PXR), or nuclear receptor 1I2, is a key master regulator of drug-inducible CYP gene expression in liver and intestine in mammals. The novel biochemical tools described in this study demonstrate for the first time that in cultures of primary hepatocytes, human PXR is phosphorylated at amino acid residues threonine 135 (T135) and serine 221 (S221). Moreover, phosphorylation of PXR promotes the transrepression of its prototypical target gene CYP3A4 through modulating its interactions with coregulatory proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Cui
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (W.C.); Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri (E.A.); Department of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Ethan, Georgia (X.S.); and Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences, Joplin, Missouri (B.T., H.C.-C., J.L.S.)
| | - Xunan Shen
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (W.C.); Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri (E.A.); Department of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Ethan, Georgia (X.S.); and Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences, Joplin, Missouri (B.T., H.C.-C., J.L.S.)
| | - Emre Agbas
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (W.C.); Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri (E.A.); Department of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Ethan, Georgia (X.S.); and Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences, Joplin, Missouri (B.T., H.C.-C., J.L.S.)
| | - Brandon Tompkins
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (W.C.); Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri (E.A.); Department of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Ethan, Georgia (X.S.); and Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences, Joplin, Missouri (B.T., H.C.-C., J.L.S.)
| | - Hadley Cameron-Carter
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (W.C.); Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri (E.A.); Department of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Ethan, Georgia (X.S.); and Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences, Joplin, Missouri (B.T., H.C.-C., J.L.S.)
| | - Jeff L Staudinger
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (W.C.); Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri (E.A.); Department of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Ethan, Georgia (X.S.); and Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences, Joplin, Missouri (B.T., H.C.-C., J.L.S.)
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35
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Oppi S, Nusser-Stein S, Blyszczuk P, Wang X, Jomard A, Marzolla V, Yang K, Velagapudi S, Ward LJ, Yuan XM, Geiger MA, Guillaumon AT, Othman A, Hornemann T, Rancic Z, Ryu D, Oosterveer MH, Osto E, Lüscher TF, Stein S. Macrophage NCOR1 protects from atherosclerosis by repressing a pro-atherogenic PPARγ signature. Eur Heart J 2020; 41:995-1005. [PMID: 31529020 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Nuclear receptors and their cofactors regulate key pathophysiological processes in atherosclerosis development. The transcriptional activity of these nuclear receptors is controlled by the nuclear receptor corepressors (NCOR), scaffolding proteins that form the basis of large corepressor complexes. Studies with primary macrophages demonstrated that the deletion of Ncor1 increases the expression of atherosclerotic molecules. However, the role of nuclear receptor corepressors in atherogenesis is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS We generated myeloid cell-specific Ncor1 knockout mice and crossbred them with low-density lipoprotein receptor (Ldlr) knockouts to study the role of macrophage NCOR1 in atherosclerosis. We demonstrate that myeloid cell-specific deletion of nuclear receptor corepressor 1 (NCOR1) aggravates atherosclerosis development in mice. Macrophage Ncor1-deficiency leads to increased foam cell formation, enhanced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and atherosclerotic lesions characterized by larger necrotic cores and thinner fibrous caps. The immunometabolic effects of NCOR1 are mediated via suppression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) target genes in mouse and human macrophages, which lead to an enhanced expression of the CD36 scavenger receptor and subsequent increase in oxidized low-density lipoprotein uptake in the absence of NCOR1. Interestingly, in human atherosclerotic plaques, the expression of NCOR1 is reduced whereas the PPARγ signature is increased, and this signature is more pronounced in ruptured compared with non-ruptured carotid plaques. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that macrophage NCOR1 blocks the pro-atherogenic functions of PPARγ in atherosclerosis and suggest that stabilizing the NCOR1-PPARγ binding could be a promising strategy to block the pro-atherogenic functions of plaque macrophages and lesion progression in atherosclerotic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Oppi
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Nusser-Stein
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Przemyslaw Blyszczuk
- Department of Rheumatology, Center of Experimental Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Cracow, Poland
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Anne Jomard
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vincenzo Marzolla
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00163 Rome, Italy
| | - Kangmin Yang
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Srividya Velagapudi
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Liam J Ward
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Xi-Ming Yuan
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Martin A Geiger
- Vascular Diseases Discipline, Clinics Hospital of the University of Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ana T Guillaumon
- Vascular Diseases Discipline, Clinics Hospital of the University of Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil
| | - Alaa Othman
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Hornemann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zoran Rancic
- Clinic for Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dongryeol Ryu
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 16419 Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Maaike H Oosterveer
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elena Osto
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas F Lüscher
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospital Trust, London, SW3 6NP, UK
- Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Sokrates Stein
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
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Iemolo A, Montilla-Perez P, Lai IC, Meng Y, Nolan S, Wen J, Rusu I, Dulcis D, Telese F. A cell type-specific expression map of NCoR1 and SMRT transcriptional co-repressors in the mouse brain. J Comp Neurol 2020; 528:2218-2238. [PMID: 32072640 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ability to rapidly change gene expression patterns is essential for differentiation, development, and functioning of the brain. Throughout development, or in response to environmental stimuli, gene expression patterns are tightly regulated by the dynamic interplay between transcription activators and repressors. Nuclear receptor corepressor 1 (NCoR1) and silencing mediator for retinoid or thyroid-hormone receptors (SMRT) are the best characterized transcriptional co-repressors from a molecular point of view. They mediate epigenetic silencing of gene expression in a wide range of developmental and homeostatic processes in many tissues, including the brain. For instance, NCoR1 and SMRT regulate neuronal stem cell proliferation and differentiation during brain development and they have been implicated in learning and memory. However, we still have a limited understanding of their regional and cell type-specific expression in the brain. In this study, we used fluorescent immunohistochemistry to map their expression patterns throughout the adult mouse brain. Our findings reveal that NCoR1 and SMRT share an overall neuroanatomical distribution, and are detected in both excitatory and inhibitory neurons. However, we observed striking differences in their cell type-specific expression in glial cells. Specifically, all oligodendrocytes express NCoR1, but only a subset express SMRT. In addition, NCoR1, but not SMRT, was detected in a subset of astrocytes and in the microglia. These novel observations are corroborated by single cell transcriptomics and emphasize how NCoR1 and SMRT may contribute to distinct biological functions, suggesting an exclusive role of NCoR1 in innate immune responses in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attilio Iemolo
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | | | - I-Chi Lai
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Yinuo Meng
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Syreeta Nolan
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Junneng Wen
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Iulia Rusu
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Davide Dulcis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Francesca Telese
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
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Inflammation Triggers Liver X Receptor-Dependent Lipogenesis. Mol Cell Biol 2020; 40:MCB.00364-19. [PMID: 31658997 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00364-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune cell function can be modulated by changes in lipid metabolism. Our studies indicate that cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis increases in macrophages between 12 and 18 h after the activation of Toll-like receptors with proinflammatory stimuli and that the upregulation of lipogenesis may contribute to the resolution of inflammation. The inflammation-dependent increase in lipogenesis requires the induction of the liver X receptors, members of the nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors, by type I interferons in response to inflammatory signals. Instead of the well-established role for liver X receptors in stimulating cholesterol efflux, we demonstrate that liver X receptors are necessary for the proper resumption of cholesterol synthesis in response to inflammatory signals. Thus, liver X receptors function as bidirectional regulators of cholesterol homeostasis, driving efflux when cholesterol levels are high and facilitating synthesis in response to inflammatory signals. Liver X receptor activity is also required for the proper shutdown of a subset of type I interferon-stimulated genes as inflammation subsides, placing the receptors in a negative-feedback loop that may contribute to the resolution of the inflammatory response.
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38
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Czimmerer Z, Halasz L, Nagy L. Unorthodox Transcriptional Mechanisms of Lipid-Sensing Nuclear Receptors in Macrophages: Are We Opening a New Chapter? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:609099. [PMID: 33362723 PMCID: PMC7758493 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.609099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Work over the past 30 years has shown that lipid-activated nuclear receptors form a bridge between metabolism and immunity integrating metabolic and inflammatory signaling in innate immune cells. Ligand-induced direct transcriptional activation and protein-protein interaction-based transrepression were identified as the most common mechanisms of liganded-nuclear receptor-mediated transcriptional regulation. However, the integration of different next-generation sequencing-based methodologies including chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing and global run-on sequencing allowed to investigate the DNA binding and ligand responsiveness of nuclear receptors at the whole-genome level. Surprisingly, these studies have raised the notion that a major portion of lipid-sensing nuclear receptor cistromes are not necessarily responsive to ligand activation. Although the biological role of the ligand insensitive portion of nuclear receptor cistromes is largely unknown, recent findings indicate that they may play roles in the organization of chromatin structure, in the regulation of transcriptional memory, and the epigenomic modification of responsiveness to other microenvironmental signals in macrophages. In this review, we will provide an overview and discuss recent advances of our understanding of lipid-activated nuclear receptor-mediated non-classical or unorthodox actions in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Czimmerer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Halasz
- Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, United States
| | - Laszlo Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Laszlo Nagy,
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Thomas DG, Doran AC, Fotakis P, Westerterp M, Antonson P, Jiang H, Jiang XC, Gustafsson JÅ, Tabas I, Tall AR. LXR Suppresses Inflammatory Gene Expression and Neutrophil Migration through cis-Repression and Cholesterol Efflux. Cell Rep 2019; 25:3774-3785.e4. [PMID: 30590048 PMCID: PMC6446575 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.11.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation of liver X receptor (LXR) promotes cholesterol efflux and repression of inflammatory genes with anti-atherogenic consequences. The mechanisms underlying the repressive activity of LXR are controversial and have been attributed to cholesterol efflux or to transrepression of activator protein-1 (AP-1) activity. Here, we find that cholesterol efflux contributes to LXR repression, while the direct repressive functions of LXR also play a key role but are independent of AP-1. We use assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq) to show that LXR reduces chromatin accessibility in cis at inflammatory gene enhancers containing LXR binding sites. Targets of this repressive activity are associated with leukocyte adhesion and neutrophil migration, and LXR agonist treatment suppresses neutrophil recruitment in a mouse model of sterile peritonitis. These studies suggest a model of repression in which liganded LXR binds in cis to canonical nuclear receptor binding sites and represses pro-atherogenic leukocyte functions in tandem with the induction of LXR targets mediating cholesterol efflux. Thomas et al. show the roles of cholesterol efflux and direct repression in anti-inflammatory effects of LXR and establish the mechanism of LXR cis-repression using ATAC-seq. LXR agonists suppress neutrophil migration genes and neutrophil recruitment during inflammation, highlighting a potential role for these compounds in the control of neutrophil-predominant inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Thomas
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Amanda C Doran
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Panagiotis Fotakis
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Marit Westerterp
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Section Molecular Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Per Antonson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11209, USA
| | - Xian-Cheng Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11209, USA
| | - Jan-Åke Gustafsson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83 Huddinge, Sweden; Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Ira Tabas
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Departments of Physiology and Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alan R Tall
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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40
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Chang RC, Thomas KN, Bedi YS, Golding MC. Programmed increases in LXRα induced by paternal alcohol use enhance offspring metabolic adaptation to high-fat diet induced obesity. Mol Metab 2019; 30:161-172. [PMID: 31767168 PMCID: PMC6807343 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Paternally inherited alterations in epigenetic programming are emerging as relevant factors in numerous disease states, including the growth and metabolic defects observed in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. In rodents, chronic paternal alcohol use induces fetal growth restriction, as well as sex-specific alterations in insulin signaling and lipid homeostasis in the offspring. Based on previous studies, we hypothesized that the observed metabolic irregularities are the consequence of paternally inherited alterations liver x receptor (LXR) activity. Methods Male offspring of alcohol-exposed sires were challenged with a high-fat diet and the molecular pathways controlling glucose and lipid homeostasis assayed for LXR-induced alterations. Results Similar to findings in studies employing LXR agonists we found that the male offspring of alcohol-exposed sires display resistance to diet-induced obesity and improved glucose homeostasis when challenged with a high-fat diet. This improved metabolic adaptation is mediated by LXRα trans-repression of inflammatory cytokines, releasing IKKβ inhibition of the insulin signaling pathway. Interestingly, paternally programmed increases in LXRα expression are liver-specific and do not manifest in the pancreas or visceral fat. Conclusions These studies identify LXRα as a key mediator of the long-term metabolic alterations induced by preconception paternal alcohol use. Chronic paternal alcohol use induces up-regulation of LXRα in the male offspring. Male offspring of alcohol-exposed fathers are protected from diet-induced obesity. Paternally-inherited up-regulation of LXRα only manifests in the liver. Improved metabolic adaptation is linked to LXRα suppression of cytokine production. Male offspring exhibit the same phenotypes observed in studies of LXR agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C Chang
- Department of Veterinary Physiology & Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Kara N Thomas
- Department of Veterinary Physiology & Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Yudhishtar S Bedi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology & Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Michael C Golding
- Department of Veterinary Physiology & Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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41
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Gao T, Jernigan J, Raza SA, Dammer EB, Xiao H, Seyfried NT, Levey AI, Rangaraju S. Transcriptional regulation of homeostatic and disease-associated-microglial genes by IRF1, LXRβ, and CEBPα. Glia 2019; 67:1958-1975. [PMID: 31301160 PMCID: PMC7190149 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Microglia transform from homeostatic to disease-associated-microglia (DAM) profiles in neurodegeneration. Within DAM, we recently identified distinct pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory sub-profiles although transcriptional regulators of homeostatic and distinct DAM profiles remain unclear. Informed by these studies, we nominated CEBPα, IRF1, and LXRβ as likely regulators of homeostatic, pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory DAM states and performed in-vitro siRNA studies in primary microglia to identify roles of each transcriptional factor (TF) in regulating microglial activation, using an integrated transcriptomics, bioinformatics and experimental validation approach. Efficient (>70%) silencing of TFs in microglia revealed reciprocal regulation between each TF specifically following pro-inflammatory activation. Neuroinflammatory transcriptomic profiling of microglia coupled with qPCR validation revealed distinct gene clusters with unique patterns of regulation by each TF, which were independent of LPS stimulation. While all three TFs (especially IRF1 and LXRβ) positively regulated core DAM genes (Apoe, Axl, Clec7a, Tyrobp, and Trem2) as well as homeostatic and pro-inflammatory DAM genes, LPS, and IFNγ increased pro-inflammatory DAM but suppressed homeostatic and anti-inflammatory DAM gene expression via an Erk1/2-dependent signaling pathway. IRF1 and LXRβ silencing suppressed microglial phagocytic activity for polystyrene microspheres as well as fAβ42 while IRF1 silencing strongly suppressed production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to LPS. Our studies reveal complex transcriptional regulation of homeostatic and DAM profiles whereby IRF1, LXRβ, and CEBPα positively regulate both pro- and anti-inflammatory DAM genes while activating stimuli independently augment pro-inflammatory DAM responses and suppress homeostatic and anti-inflammatory responses via Erk signaling. This framework can guide development of therapeutic immuno-modulatory strategies for neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwen Gao
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | | | - Syed Ali Raza
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Eric B Dammer
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Hailian Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Allan I Levey
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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42
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Zwinderman MRH, de Weerd S, Dekker FJ. Targeting HDAC Complexes in Asthma and COPD. EPIGENOMES 2019; 3:19. [PMID: 34968229 PMCID: PMC8594684 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes3030019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Around three million patients die due to airway inflammatory diseases each year. The most notable of these diseases are asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Therefore, new therapies are urgently needed. Promising targets are histone deacetylases (HDACs), since they regulate posttranslational protein acetylation. Over a thousand proteins are reversibly acetylated, and acetylation critically influences aberrant intracellular signaling pathways in asthma and COPD. The diverse set of selective and non-selective HDAC inhibitors used in pre-clinical models of airway inflammation show promising results, but several challenges still need to be overcome. One such challenge is the design of HDAC inhibitors with unique selectivity profiles, such as selectivity towards specific HDAC complexes. Novel strategies to disrupt HDAC complexes should be developed to validate HDACs further as targets for new anti-inflammatory pulmonary treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Frank J. Dekker
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands (M.R.H.Z.) (S.d.W.)
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43
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Fitz NF, Nam KN, Koldamova R, Lefterov I. Therapeutic targeting of nuclear receptors, liver X and retinoid X receptors, for Alzheimer's disease. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:3599-3610. [PMID: 30924124 PMCID: PMC6715597 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
After 15 years of research into Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapeutics, including billions of US dollars provided by federal agencies, pharmaceutical companies, and private foundations, there are still no meaningful therapies that can delay the onset or slow the progression of AD. An understanding of the proteolytic processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and the hypothesis that pathogenic mechanisms in familial and sporadic forms of AD are very similar led to the assumption that pharmacological inhibition of secretases or immunological approaches to clear amyloid depositions in the brain would have been the core to drug discovery strategies and successful therapies. However, there are other understudied approaches including targeting genes, gene networks, and metabolic pathways outside the proteolytic processing of APP. The advancement of newly developed sequencing technologies and mass spectrometry, as well as the availability of animal models expressing human apolipoprotein E isoforms, has been critical in rationalizing additional AD therapeutics. The purpose of this review is to present one of those approaches, based on the role of ligand-activated nuclear liver X and retinoid X receptors in the brain. This therapeutic approach was initially proposed utilizing in vitro models 15 years ago and has since been examined in numerous studies using AD-like mouse models. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Therapeutics for Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease: New Directions for Precision Medicine. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.18/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas F Fitz
- Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kyong Nyon Nam
- Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Radosveta Koldamova
- Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Iliya Lefterov
- Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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44
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Ahad A, Stevanin M, Smita S, Mishra GP, Gupta D, Waszak S, Sarkar UA, Basak S, Gupta B, Acha-Orbea H, Raghav SK. NCoR1: Putting the Brakes on the Dendritic Cell Immune Tolerance. iScience 2019; 19:996-1011. [PMID: 31522122 PMCID: PMC6744395 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms fine-tuning immunogenic versus tolerogenic balance in dendritic cells (DCs) is of high importance for therapeutic approaches. We found that NCoR1-mediated direct repression of the tolerogenic program in conventional DCs is essential for induction of an optimal immunogenic response. NCoR1 depletion upregulated a wide variety of tolerogenic genes in activated DCs, which consequently resulted in increased frequency of FoxP3+ regulatory T cells. Mechanistically, NCoR1 masks the PU.1-bound super-enhancers on major tolerogenic genes after DC activation that are subsequently bound by nuclear factor-κB. NCoR1 knockdown (KD) reduced RelA nuclear translocation and activity, whereas RelB was unaffected, providing activated DCs a tolerogenic advantage. Moreover, NCoR1DC−/- mice depicted enhanced Tregs in draining lymph nodes with increased disease burden upon bacterial and parasitic infections. Besides, adoptive transfer of activated NCoR1 KD DCs in infected animals showed a similar phenotype. Collectively, our results demonstrated NCoR1 as a promising target to control DC-mediated immune tolerance. NCoR1 directly represses tolerogenic program in mouse cDCs Depletion of NCoR1 in cDCs enhanced Treg development ex vivo and in vivo NCoR1 masks PU.1-bound super-enhancers on tolerogenic genes in cDCs NCoR1DC−/− animals depicted enhanced Treg frequency and infection load
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Ahad
- Immuno-genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Mathias Stevanin
- Department of Biochemistry CIIL, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Epalinges CH-1066, Switzerland
| | - Shuchi Smita
- Immuno-genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Gyan Prakash Mishra
- Immuno-genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India; Department of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Dheerendra Gupta
- Immuno-genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India
| | - Sebastian Waszak
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Uday Aditya Sarkar
- Systems Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology (NII), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Soumen Basak
- Systems Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology (NII), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Bhawna Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Hans Acha-Orbea
- Department of Biochemistry CIIL, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Epalinges CH-1066, Switzerland.
| | - Sunil Kumar Raghav
- Immuno-genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India; Department of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India.
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45
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Ferri F, Petit V, Barroca V, Romeo PH. Interplay between FACT subunit SPT16 and TRIM33 can remodel chromatin at macrophage distal regulatory elements. Epigenetics Chromatin 2019; 12:46. [PMID: 31331374 PMCID: PMC6647326 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-019-0288-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell type-specific use of cis-acting regulatory elements is mediated by the combinatorial activity of transcription factors involved in lineage determination and maintenance of cell identity. In macrophages, specific transcriptional programs are dictated by the transcription factor PU.1 that primes distal regulatory elements for macrophage identities and makes chromatin competent for activity of stimuli-dependent transcription factors. Although the advances in genome-wide approaches have elucidated the functions of these macrophage-specific distal regulatory elements in transcriptional responses, chromatin structures associated with PU.1 priming and the underlying mechanisms of action of these cis-acting sequences are not characterized. RESULTS Here, we show that, in macrophages, FACT subunit SPT16 can bind to positioned nucleosomes directly flanking PU.1-bound sites at previously uncharacterized distal regulatory elements located near genes essential for macrophage development and functions. SPT16 can interact with the transcriptional co-regulator TRIM33 and binds to half of these sites in a TRIM33-dependent manner. Using the Atp1b3 locus as a model, we show that FACT binds to two positioned nucleosomes surrounding a TRIM33/PU.1-bound site in a region, located 35 kb upstream the Atp1b3 TSS, that interact with the Atp1b3 promoter. At this - 35 kb region, TRIM33 deficiency leads to FACT release, loss of the two positioned nucleosomes, RNA Pol II recruitment and bidirectional transcription. These modifications are associated with higher levels of FACT binding at the Atp1b3 promoter, an increase of RNA Pol II recruitment and an increased expression of Atp1b3 in Trim33-/- macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Thus, sequestering of SPT16/FACT by TRIM33 at PU.1-bound distal regions might represent a new regulatory mechanism for RNA Pol II recruitment and transcription output in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Ferri
- CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France. .,Inserm U967, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France. .,Université Paris-Diderot, Paris 7, France. .,Université Paris-Sud, Paris 11, France. .,Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France.
| | - Vanessa Petit
- CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France.,Inserm U967, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France.,Université Paris-Diderot, Paris 7, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Paris 11, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Vilma Barroca
- CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France.,Inserm U967, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France.,Université Paris-Diderot, Paris 7, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Paris 11, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Paul-Henri Romeo
- CEA/DRF/IBFJ/iRCM/LRTS, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France. .,Inserm U967, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France. .,Université Paris-Diderot, Paris 7, France. .,Université Paris-Sud, Paris 11, France. .,Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France.
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Jeon BN, Song JY, Huh JW, Yang WI, Hur MW. Derepression of matrix metalloproteinase gene transcription and an emphysema-like phenotype in transcription factor Zbtb7c knockout mouse lungs. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:2665-2674. [PMID: 31222731 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) gene expression is a major cause of the degradation of lung tissue that is integral to emphysema pathogenesis. Cigarette smoking (CS) increases MMP gene expression, a major contributor to emphysema development. We previously reported that Zbtb7c is a transcriptional repressor of several Mmp genes (Mmps-8, -10, -13, and -16). Here, we show that Zbtb7c knockout mice have mild emphysema-like phenotypes, including alveolar wall destruction, enlarged alveoli, and upregulated Mmp genes. Alveolar size and Mmp gene expression in Zbtb7c-/- mouse lungs are increased more severely upon exposure to CS, compared to those of Zbtb7c+/+ mouse lungs. These observations suggest that Zbtb7c degradation or absence may contribute to the pathogenesis of emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bu-Nam Jeon
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Yang Song
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Won Huh
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Chronic Obstructive Airway Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo-Ick Yang
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Man-Wook Hur
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
Liver X receptors α and β (LXRα and LXRβ) are nuclear receptors with pivotal roles in the transcriptional control of lipid metabolism. Transcriptional activity of LXRs is induced in response to elevated cellular levels of cholesterol. LXRs bind to and regulate the expression of genes that encode proteins involved in cholesterol absorption, transport, efflux, excretion and conversion to bile acids. The coordinated, tissue-specific actions of the LXR pathway maintain systemic cholesterol homeostasis and regulate immune and inflammatory responses. LXRs also regulate fatty acid metabolism by controlling the lipogenic transcription factor sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c and regulate genes that encode proteins involved in fatty acid elongation and desaturation. LXRs exert important effects on the metabolism of phospholipids, which, along with cholesterol, are major constituents of cellular membranes. LXR activation preferentially drives the incorporation of polyunsaturated fatty acids into phospholipids by inducing transcription of the remodelling enzyme lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 3. The ability of the LXR pathway to couple cellular sterol levels with the saturation of fatty acids in membrane phospholipids has implications for several physiological processes, including lipoprotein production, dietary lipid absorption and intestinal stem cell proliferation. Understanding how LXRs regulate membrane composition and function might provide new therapeutic insight into diseases associated with dysregulated lipid metabolism, including atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Molecular Biology Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peter Tontonoz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Molecular Biology Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Korman B, Marangoni RG, Lord G, Olefsky J, Tourtellotte W, Varga J. Adipocyte-specific Repression of PPAR-gamma by NCoR Contributes to Scleroderma Skin Fibrosis. Arthritis Res Ther 2018; 20:145. [PMID: 29996896 PMCID: PMC6042240 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-018-1630-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A pivotal role for adipose tissue homeostasis in systemic sclerosis (SSc) skin fibrosis is increasingly recognized. The nuclear receptor PPAR-γ is the master regulator of adipogenesis. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) has antifibrotic effects by blocking transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and is dysregulated in SSc. To unravel the impact of dysregulated PPAR-γ in SSc, we focused on nuclear corepressor (NCoR), which negatively regulates PPAR-γ activity and suppresses adipogenesis. METHODS An NCoR-regulated gene signature was measured in the SSc skin transcriptome. Experimental skin fibrosis was examined in mice with adipocyte-specific NCoR ablation. RESULTS SSc skin biopsies demonstrated deregulated NCoR signaling. A 43-gene NCoR gene signature showed strong positive correlation with PPAR-γ signaling (R = 0.919, p < 0.0001), whereas negative correlations with TGF-β signaling (R = - 0.796, p < 0.0001) and the modified Rodnan skin score (R = - 0.49, p = 0.004) were found. Mice with adipocyte-specific NCoR ablation demonstrated significant protection from experimental skin fibrosis and inflammation. The protective effects were mediated primarily through endogenous PPAR-γ. CONCLUSIONS Our results implicate, for the first time, to our knowledge, deregulated NCoR/PPAR-γ pathways in SSc, and they support a role of adipocyte modulation of skin fibrosis. Pharmacologic restoration of NCoR/PPAR-γ signaling may represent a novel strategy to control skin fibrosis in SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Korman
- Northwestern Scleroderma Program, Division of Rheumatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Roberta Goncalves Marangoni
- Northwestern Scleroderma Program, Division of Rheumatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Gabriel Lord
- Northwestern Scleroderma Program, Division of Rheumatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Jerrold Olefsky
- Division of Endocrinology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | | | - John Varga
- Northwestern Scleroderma Program, Division of Rheumatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
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49
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Unger A, Finkernagel F, Hoffmann N, Neuhaus F, Joos B, Nist A, Stiewe T, Visekruna A, Wagner U, Reinartz S, Müller-Brüsselbach S, Müller R, Adhikary T. Chromatin Binding of c-REL and p65 Is Not Limiting for Macrophage IL12B Transcription During Immediate Suppression by Ovarian Carcinoma Ascites. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1425. [PMID: 29997615 PMCID: PMC6030372 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors frequently exploit homeostatic mechanisms that suppress expression of IL-12, a central mediator of inflammatory and anti-tumor responses. The p40 subunit of the IL-12 heterodimer, encoded by IL12B, is limiting for these functions. Ovarian carcinoma patients frequently produce ascites which exerts immunosuppression by means of soluble factors. The NFκB pathway is necessary for transcription of IL12B, which is not expressed in macrophages freshly isolated from ascites. This raises the possibility that ascites prevents IL12B expression by perturbing NFκB binding to chromatin. Here, we show that ascites-mediated suppression of IL12B induction by LPS plus IFNγ in primary human macrophages is rapid, and that suppression can be reversible after ascites withdrawal. Nuclear translocation of the NFκB transcription factors c-REL and p65 was strongly reduced by ascites. Surprisingly, however, their binding to the IL12B locus and to CXCL10, a second NFκB target gene, was unaltered, and the induction of CXCL10 transcription was not suppressed by ascites. These findings indicate that, despite its reduced nuclear translocation, NFκB function is not generally impaired by ascites, suggesting that ascites-borne signals target additional pathways to suppress IL12B induction. Consistent with these data, IL-10, a clinically relevant constituent of ascites and negative regulator of NFκB translocation, only partially recapitulated IL12B suppression by ascites. Finally, restoration of a defective IL-12 response by appropriate culture conditions was observed only in macrophages from a subset of donors, which may have important implications for the understanding of patient-specific immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Unger
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Center for Tumor Biology and Immunobiology (ZTI), Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Florian Finkernagel
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Center for Tumor Biology and Immunobiology (ZTI), Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nathalie Hoffmann
- Experimental Tumor Research Group, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunobiology (ZTI), Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Felix Neuhaus
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Center for Tumor Biology and Immunobiology (ZTI), Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Joos
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Center for Tumor Biology and Immunobiology (ZTI), Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Nist
- Genomics Core Facility, ZTI, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Stiewe
- Genomics Core Facility, ZTI, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Visekruna
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Biomedical Research Center (BMFZ), Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Wagner
- Clinic for Gynecology, Gynecological Oncology and Gynecological Endocrinology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Silke Reinartz
- Clinic for Gynecology, Gynecological Oncology and Gynecological Endocrinology, ZTI, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Müller-Brüsselbach
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Center for Tumor Biology and Immunobiology (ZTI), Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Center for Tumor Biology and Immunobiology (ZTI), Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Till Adhikary
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Center for Tumor Biology and Immunobiology (ZTI), Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Fry EA, Inoue K. Aberrant expression of ETS1 and ETS2 proteins in cancer. CANCER REPORTS AND REVIEWS 2018; 2:10.15761/CRR.1000151. [PMID: 29974077 PMCID: PMC6027756 DOI: 10.15761/crr.1000151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The ETS transcription factors regulate expression of genes involved in normal cell development, proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, and apoptosis, consisting of 28 family members in humans. Dysregulation of these transcription factors facilitates cell proliferation in cancers, and several members participate in invasion and metastasis by activating gene transcription. ETS1 and ETS2 are the founding members of the ETS family and regulate transcription by binding to ETS sequences. They are both involved in oncogenesis and tumor suppression depending on the biological situations used. The essential roles of ETS proteins in human telomere maintenance have been suggested, which have been linked to creation of new Ets binding sites. Recently, preferential binding of ETS2 to gain-of-function mutant p53 and ETS1 to wild type p53 (WTp53) has been suggested, raising the tumor promoting role for the former and tumor suppressive role for the latter. The oncogenic and tumor suppressive functions of ETS1 and 2 proteins have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Fry
- The Dept. of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Kazushi Inoue
- The Dept. of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
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