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Huo D, Liu S, Zhang L, Yang H, Sun L. Importance of the ECM-receptor interaction for adaptive response to hypoxia based on integrated transcription and translation analysis. Mol Ecol 2024:e17352. [PMID: 38624130 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Low dissolved oxygen (LO) conditions represent a major environmental challenge to marine life, especially benthic animals. For these organisms, drastic declines in oxygen availability (hypoxic events) can trigger mass mortality events and thus, act as agents of selection influencing the evolution of adaptations. In sea cucumbers, one of the most successful groups of benthic invertebrates, the exposure to hypoxic conditions triggers adaptive adjustments in metabolic rates and behaviour. It is unclear, however, how these adaptive responses are regulated and the genetic mechanisms underpinning them. Here, we addressed this knowledge gap by assessing the genetic regulation (transcription and translation) of hypoxia exposure in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. Transcriptional and translational gene expression profiles under short- and long-term exposure to low oxygen conditions are tightly associated with extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction in which laminin and collagen likely have important functions. Finding revealed that genes with a high translational efficiency (TE) had a relatively short upstream open reading frame (uORF) and a high uORF normalized minimal free energy, suggesting that sea cucumbers may respond to hypoxic stress via altered TE. These results provide valuable insights into the regulatory mechanisms that confer adaptive capacity to holothurians to survive oxygen deficiency conditions and may also be used to inform the development of strategies for mitigating the harmful effects of hypoxia on other marine invertebrates facing similar challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Huo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao, China
| | - Shilin Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao, China
| | - Libin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongsheng Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao, China
| | - Lina Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao, China
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Suthapot P, Xiao T, Felsenfeld G, Hongeng S, Wongtrakoongate P. The RNA helicases DDX5 and DDX17 facilitate neural differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells NTERA2. Life Sci 2022; 291:120298. [PMID: 35007564 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Understanding human neurogenesis is critical toward regenerative medicine for neurodegeneration. However, little is known how neural differentiation is regulated by DEAD box-containing RNA helicases, which comprise a diverse class of RNA remodeling enzymes. MATERIALS AND METHODS ChIP-seq was utilized to identify binding sites of DDX5 and DDX17 in both human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) line NTERA2 and their retinoic acid-induced neural derivatives. RNA-seq was used to elucidate genes differentially expressed upon depletion of DDX5 and DDX17. Neurosphere assay, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence staining were performed to test the effect of depletion of the two RNA helicases in neural differentiation. KEY FINDINGS We show here that expression of DDX5 and DDX17 is abundant throughout neural differentiation of NTERA2, and is mostly localized within the nucleus. The two RNA helicases occupy chromatin genome-wide at regions associated with neurogenesis-related genes in both hPSCs and their neural derivatives. Further, both DDX5 and DDX17 are mutually required for controlling transcriptional expression of these genes, but are not important for maintenance of stem cell state of hPSCs. In contrast, they facilitate early neural differentiation of hPSCs, generation of neurospheres from the stem cells, and transcriptional expression of key neurogenic transcription factors such as SOX1 and PAX6 during neural differentiation. Importantly, DDX5 and DDX17 are critical for differentiation of hPSCs toward NESTIN- and TUBB3-positive cells, which represent neural progenitors and mature neurons, respectively. SIGNIFICANCE Collectively, our findings suggest the role of DDX5 and DDX17 in transcriptional regulation of genes involved in neurogenesis, and hence in neural differentiation of hPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praewa Suthapot
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Tiaojiang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda 20892-0540, MD, USA
| | - Gary Felsenfeld
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda 20892-0540, MD, USA
| | - Suradej Hongeng
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Patompon Wongtrakoongate
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Center for Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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Huang T, Yu J, Ma Z, Fu Q, Liu S, Luo Z, Liu K, Yu L, Miao W, Yu D, Song Z, Li Y, Zhou L, Xu G. Translatomics Probes Into the Role of Lycopene on Improving Hepatic Steatosis Induced by High-Fat Diet. Front Nutr 2021; 8:727785. [PMID: 34796193 PMCID: PMC8594419 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.727785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver is an important organ for fat metabolism. Excessive intake of a high-fat/energy diet is a major cause of hepatic steatosis and its complications such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Supplementation with lycopene, a natural compound, is effective in lowering triglyceride levels in the liver, although the underlying mechanism at the translational level is unclear. In this study, mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) to induce hepatic steatosis and treated with or without lycopene. Translation omics and transcriptome sequencing were performed on the liver to explore the regulatory mechanism of lycopene in liver steatosis induced by HFD, and identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). We identified 1,358 DEGs at the translational level. Through transcriptomics and translatomics joint analysis, we narrowed the range of functional genes to 112 DEGs and found that lycopene may affect lipid metabolism by regulating the expression of LPIN1 at the transcriptional and translational levels. This study provides a powerful tool for translatome and transcriptome integration and a new strategy for the screening of candidate genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengda Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jingsu Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zeqiang Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Qinghua Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Siqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zupeng Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Kang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Lin Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Weiwei Miao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Dongling Yu
- Teaching and Research Section of Biotechnology, Nanning University, Nanning, China
| | - Ziyi Song
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yixing Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Gaoxiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation of Anhui Province, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, China
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Huang T, Yu L, Pan H, Ma Z, Wu T, Zhang L, Liu K, Qi Q, Miao W, Song Z, Zhang H, Zhou L, Li Y. Integrated Transcriptomic and Translatomic Inquiry of the Role of Betaine on Lipid Metabolic Dysregulation Induced by a High-Fat Diet. Front Nutr 2021; 8:751436. [PMID: 34708066 PMCID: PMC8542779 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.751436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An excessive high-fat/energy diet is a major cause of obesity and linked complications, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Betaine has been shown to effectively improve hepatic lipid metabolism. However, the mechanistic basis for this improvement is largely unknown. Herein, integration of mRNA sequencing and ribosome footprints profiling (Ribo-seq) was used to investigate the means by which betaine alleviates liver lipid metabolic disorders induced by a high-fat diet. For the transcriptome, gene set enrichment analysis demonstrated betaine to reduce liver steatosis by up-regulation of fatty acid beta oxidation, lipid oxidation, and fatty acid catabolic processes. For the translatome, 574 differentially expressed genes were identified, 17 of which were associated with the NAFLD pathway. By combined analysis of transcriptome and translatome, we found that betaine had the greater effect on NAFLD at the translational level. Further, betaine decreased translational efficiency (TE) for IDI1, CYP51A1, TM7SF2, and APOA4, which are related to lipid biosynthesis. In summary, this study demonstrated betaine alleviating lipid metabolic dysfunction at the translational level. The transcriptome and translatome data integration approach used herein provides for a new understanding of the means by which to treat NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengda Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Lin Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Hongyuan Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zeqiang Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Tian Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Lifang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Kang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Qi Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Weiwei Miao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Ziyi Song
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Haojie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yixing Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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The RNA-binding protein Musashi controls axon compartment-specific synaptic connectivity through ptp69D mRNA poly(A)-tailing. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109713. [PMID: 34525368 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic targeting with subcellular specificity is essential for neural circuit assembly. Developing neurons use mechanisms to curb promiscuous synaptic connections and to direct synapse formation to defined subcellular compartments. How this selectivity is achieved molecularly remains enigmatic. Here, we discover a link between mRNA poly(A)-tailing and axon collateral branch-specific synaptic connectivity within the CNS. We reveal that the RNA-binding protein Musashi binds to the mRNA encoding the receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase Ptp69D, thereby increasing poly(A) tail length and Ptp69D protein levels. This regulation specifically promotes synaptic connectivity in one axon collateral characterized by a high degree of arborization and strong synaptogenic potential. In a different compartment of the same axon, Musashi prevents ectopic synaptogenesis, revealing antagonistic, compartment-specific functions. Moreover, Musashi-dependent Ptp69D regulation controls synaptic connectivity in the olfactory circuit. Thus, Musashi differentially shapes synaptic connectivity at the level of individual subcellular compartments and within different developmental and neuron type-specific contexts.
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Billey E, Hafidh S, Cruz-Gallardo I, Litholdo CG, Jean V, Carpentier MC, Picart C, Kumar V, Kulichova K, Maréchal E, Honys D, Conte MR, Deragon JM, Bousquet-Antonelli C. LARP6C orchestrates posttranscriptional reprogramming of gene expression during hydration to promote pollen tube guidance. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:2637-2661. [PMID: 34124761 DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.27.401307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that posttranscriptional regulation is a key player in the transition between mature pollen and the progamic phase (from pollination to fertilization). Nonetheless, the actors in this messenger RNA (mRNA)-based gene expression reprogramming are poorly understood. We demonstrate that the evolutionarily conserved RNA-binding protein LARP6C is necessary for the transition from dry pollen to pollen tubes and the guided growth of pollen tubes towards the ovule in Arabidopsis thaliana. In dry pollen, LARP6C binds to transcripts encoding proteins that function in lipid synthesis and homeostasis, vesicular trafficking, and polarized cell growth. LARP6C also forms cytoplasmic granules that contain the poly(A) binding protein and possibly represent storage sites for translationally silent mRNAs. In pollen tubes, the loss of LARP6C negatively affects the quantities and distribution of storage lipids, as well as vesicular trafficking. In Nicotiana benthamiana leaf cells and in planta, analysis of reporter mRNAs designed from the LARP6C target MGD2 provided evidence that LARP6C can shift from a repressor to an activator of translation when the pollen grain enters the progamic phase. We propose that LARP6C orchestrates the timely posttranscriptional regulation of a subset of mRNAs in pollen during the transition from the quiescent to active state and along the progamic phase to promote male fertilization in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Billey
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, CNRS, 66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Said Hafidh
- Laboratory of Pollen Biology, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Isabel Cruz-Gallardo
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Celso G Litholdo
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, CNRS, 66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Viviane Jean
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, CNRS, 66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Marie-Christine Carpentier
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, CNRS, 66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Claire Picart
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, CNRS, 66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Laboratory of Pollen Biology, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Katarina Kulichova
- Laboratory of Pollen Biology, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Eric Maréchal
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, UMR 5168 CNRS, CEA, INRAE, Université Grenoble Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - David Honys
- Laboratory of Pollen Biology, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Maria R Conte
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Jean-Marc Deragon
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, CNRS, 66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75231 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Cécile Bousquet-Antonelli
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, CNRS, 66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, France
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Suster I, Feng Y. Multifaceted Regulation of MicroRNA Biogenesis: Essential Roles and Functional Integration in Neuronal and Glial Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136765. [PMID: 34201807 PMCID: PMC8269442 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that function as endogenous gene silencers. Soon after the discovery of miRNAs, a subset of brain-enriched and brain-specific miRNAs were identified and significant advancements were made in delineating miRNA function in brain development. However, understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate miRNA biogenesis in normal and diseased brains has become a prevailing challenge. Besides transcriptional regulation of miRNA host genes, miRNA processing intermediates are subjected to multifaceted regulation by canonical miRNA processing enzymes, RNA binding proteins (RBPs) and epitranscriptomic modifications. Further still, miRNA activity can be regulated by the sponging activity of other non-coding RNA classes, namely circular RNAs (circRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Differential abundance of these factors in neuronal and glial lineages partly underlies the spatiotemporal expression and function of lineage-specific miRNAs. Here, we review the continuously evolving understanding of the regulation of neuronal and glial miRNA biogenesis at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels and the cooperativity of miRNA species in targeting key mRNAs to drive lineage-specific development. In addition, we review dysregulation of neuronal and glial miRNAs and the detrimental impacts which contribute to developmental brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yue Feng
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-404-727-0351
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8
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Pereiro X, Ruzafa N, Urcola JH, Sharma SC, Vecino E. Differential Distribution of RBPMS in Pig, Rat, and Human Retina after Damage. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239330. [PMID: 33297577 PMCID: PMC7729751 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA binding protein with multiple splicing (RBPMS) is expressed exclusively in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in the retina and can label all RGCs in normal retinas of mice, rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, cats, and monkeys, but its function in these cells is not known. As a result of the limited knowledge regarding RBPMS, we analyzed the expression of RBPMS in the retina of different mammalian species (humans, pigs, and rats), in various stages of development (neonatal and adult) and with different levels of injury (control, hypoxia, and organotypic culture or explants). In control conditions, RBPMS was localized in the RGCs somas in the ganglion cell layer, whereas in hypoxic conditions, it was localized in the RGCs dendrites in the inner plexiform layer. Such differential distributions of RBPMS occurred in all analyzed species, and in adult and neonatal retinas. Furthermore, we demonstrate RBPMS localization in the degenerating RGCs axons in the nerve fiber layer of retinal explants. This is the first evidence regarding the possible transport of RBPMS in response to physiological damage in a mammalian retina. Therefore, RBPMS should be further investigated in relation to its role in axonal and dendritic degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xandra Pereiro
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Experimental Ophthalmo-Biology Group (GOBE), University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain; (X.P.); (N.R.); (J.H.U.); (S.C.S.)
| | - Noelia Ruzafa
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Experimental Ophthalmo-Biology Group (GOBE), University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain; (X.P.); (N.R.); (J.H.U.); (S.C.S.)
| | - J. Haritz Urcola
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Experimental Ophthalmo-Biology Group (GOBE), University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain; (X.P.); (N.R.); (J.H.U.); (S.C.S.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Araba University Hospital, 01009 Vitoria, Alava, Spain
| | - Sansar C. Sharma
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Experimental Ophthalmo-Biology Group (GOBE), University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain; (X.P.); (N.R.); (J.H.U.); (S.C.S.)
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Elena Vecino
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Experimental Ophthalmo-Biology Group (GOBE), University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain; (X.P.); (N.R.); (J.H.U.); (S.C.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Xiong Q, Zhong L, Du J, Zhu C, Peng X, He X, Fu J, Ouyang L, Bian J, Hu L, Sun X, Xu J, Zhou D, Cai Y, Fu H, He H, Chen X. Ribosome profiling reveals the effects of nitrogen application translational regulation of yield recovery after abrupt drought-flood alternation in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 155:42-58. [PMID: 32738581 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Abrupt drought-flood alternation is a frequent meteorological disaster during the summer in Southern China. The study of physiological and translation mechanisms of rice yield recovery after abrupt drought-flood alternation has great potential benefits in field production. Our results showed that yield recovery upon nitrogen (N) application after abrupt drought-flood alternation was due to the increase in effective panicle numbers per plant. The N application resulted in the regulation of physiological and biochemical as well as growth development processes, which led to a rapid growth recovery effect after abrupt drought-flood alternation stress in rice. Using ribosome profiling combined with RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technology, the interactions between transcription and translation for N application after abrupt drought-flood alternation were analyzed. It was found that a small proportion of response genes were shared at the transcriptional and translational levels, that is, 14% of the expressed genes were upregulated and 6.6% downregulated. Further analysis revealed that the translation efficiency (TE) of the genes was influenced by their sequence characteristics, including their GC content, coding sequence length and normalized minimal free energy. Compared with the number of untranslated upstream open reading frames (uORFs), the increased number of translated uORFs promoted the improvement of TE. The TE of the uORFs for N application was lower than the control without N application after abrupt drought-flood alternation. This study characterizes the translational regulatory pattern in response to N application after abrupt drought-flood alternation stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Lei Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Jie Du
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Changlan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Xiaosong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Xiaopeng He
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Junru Fu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Linjuan Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Jianmin Bian
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Lifang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Xiaotang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Dahu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Yicong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Haihui Fu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Haohua He
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
| | - Xiaorong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
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10
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Peregud D, Panchenko L, Gulyaeva N. Chronic morphine intoxication reduces binding of HuD to BDNF long 3'-UTR, while morphine withdrawal stimulates BDNF expression in the frontal cortex of male Wistar rats. Int J Neurosci 2020; 132:283-295. [PMID: 32783781 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1809395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mediates opiate dependence phenomenon. In the brain of morphine dependent animals BDNF level is controlled transcriptionally, however, post-transcriptional mechanisms of BDNF regulation in this context remain unknown. Regulation of mRNA by binding of specific proteins to the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) is one of such mechanisms. Among RNA-binding proteins neuronal Hu antigen D (HuD) is the best characterized positive regulator of BDNF, however its involvement in opiate dependence remains obscure. We suggested that HuD binding to the BDNF 3'-UTR may be linked to changes in BDNF expression induced by morphine. The aim of this study was to investigate potential association of HuD with BDNF 3'-UTR in relation to BDNF expression (Exon- and 3'-UTR-specific mRNA variants and protein level) in the frontal cortex and midbrain of male Wistar rats after chronic morphine intoxication and spontaneous withdrawal in dependent animals. RESULTS After chronic morphine intoxication but not during morphine withdrawal HuD binding to the long BDNF 3'-UTR in the frontal cortex decreased as compared with the corresponding control group, however after intoxication BDNF expression did not change. The level of BDNF Exon I as well as mature BDNF polypeptide increased in the frontal cortex upon morphine withdrawal, while no changes in HuD binding could be detected. CONCLUSION Thus, contrary to the assumption, HuD-BDNF 3'-UTR interaction and BDNF expression in the frontal cortex differentially change in a manner dependent on the context of morphine action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danil Peregud
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "V. Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Drug Addiction" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonid Panchenko
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "V. Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Drug Addiction" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Gulyaeva
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Healthcare Department of Moscow, Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry, Moscow, Russia
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11
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Zhang Y, Yang HT, Kadash-Edmondson K, Pan Y, Pan Z, Davidson BL, Xing Y. Regional Variation of Splicing QTLs in Human Brain. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 107:196-210. [PMID: 32589925 PMCID: PMC7413857 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A major question in human genetics is how sequence variants of broadly expressed genes produce tissue- and cell type-specific molecular phenotypes. Genetic variation of alternative splicing is a prevalent source of transcriptomic and proteomic diversity in human populations. We investigated splicing quantitative trait loci (sQTLs) in 1,209 samples from 13 human brain regions, using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and genotype data from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project. Hundreds of sQTLs were identified in each brain region. Some sQTLs were shared across brain regions, whereas others displayed regional specificity. These “regionally ubiquitous” and “regionally specific” sQTLs showed distinct positional distributions of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within and outside essential splice sites, respectively, suggesting their regulation by distinct molecular mechanisms. Integrating the binding motifs and expression patterns of RNA binding proteins with exon splicing profiles, we uncovered likely causal variants underlying brain region-specific sQTLs. Notably, SNP rs17651213 created a putative binding site for the splicing factor RBFOX2 and was associated with increased splicing of MAPT exon 3 in cerebellar tissues, where RBFOX2 was highly expressed. Overall, our study reveals a more comprehensive spectrum and regional variation of sQTLs in human brain and demonstrates that such regional variation can be used to fine map potential causal variants of sQTLs and their associated neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yida Zhang
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Center for Computational and Genomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Harry Taegyun Yang
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kathryn Kadash-Edmondson
- Center for Computational and Genomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yang Pan
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zhicheng Pan
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Beverly L Davidson
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yi Xing
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Center for Computational and Genomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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12
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Burow DA, Martin S, Quail JF, Alhusaini N, Coller J, Cleary MD. Attenuated Codon Optimality Contributes to Neural-Specific mRNA Decay in Drosophila. Cell Rep 2019; 24:1704-1712. [PMID: 30110627 PMCID: PMC6169788 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-specific mRNA stability is important for cell fate and physiology, but the mechanisms involved are not fully understood. We found that zygotic mRNA stability in Drosophila correlates with codon content: optimal codons are enriched in stable transcripts associated with metabolic functions like translation, while non-optimal codons are enriched in unstable transcripts, including those associated with neural development. Bioinformatic analyses and reporter assays revealed that similar codons stabilize or destabilize mRNAs in the nervous system and other tissues, but the link between codon content and stability is attenuated in the nervous system. We confirmed that optimal codons are decoded by abundant tRNAs while non-optimal codons are decoded by less abundant tRNAs in embryos and in the nervous system. We conclude that codon optimality is a general determinant of zygotic mRNA stability, and attenuation of codon optimality allows trans-acting factors to exert greater influence over mRNA decay in the nervous system. Burow et al. report that codon optimality is a general determinant of zygotic mRNA stability in Drosophila embryos, but the link between codons and stability is weak in the nervous system. Bioinformatics, reporter transcript assays, and tRNA quantitation show that the attenuation of codon optimality establishes neuralspecific mRNA decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana A Burow
- Molecular and Cell Biology Unit, Quantitative and Systems Biology Program, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Sophie Martin
- Center for RNA Science and Therapeutics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jade F Quail
- Molecular and Cell Biology Unit, Quantitative and Systems Biology Program, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Najwa Alhusaini
- Center for RNA Science and Therapeutics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jeff Coller
- Center for RNA Science and Therapeutics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Michael D Cleary
- Molecular and Cell Biology Unit, Quantitative and Systems Biology Program, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA.
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13
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Grassi E, Santoro R, Umbach A, Grosso A, Oliviero S, Neri F, Conti L, Ala U, Provero P, DiCunto F, Merlo GR. Choice of Alternative Polyadenylation Sites, Mediated by the RNA-Binding Protein Elavl3, Plays a Role in Differentiation of Inhibitory Neuronal Progenitors. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 12:518. [PMID: 30687010 PMCID: PMC6338052 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative polyadenylation (APA) is a widespread mechanism involving about half of the expressed genes, resulting in varying lengths of the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR). Variations in length and sequence of the 3′UTR may underlie changes of post-transcriptional processing, localization, miRNA targeting and stability of mRNAs. During embryonic development a large array of mRNAs exhibit APA, with a prevalence of the longer 3′UTR versions in differentiating cells. Little is known about polyA+ site usage during differentiation of mammalian neural progenitors. Here we exploit a model of adherent neural stem (ANS) cells, which homogeneously and efficiently differentiate into GABAergic neurons. RNAseq data shows a global trend towards lengthening of the 3′UTRs during differentiation. Enriched expression of the longer 3′UTR variants of Pes1 and Gng2 was detected in the mouse brain in areas of cortical and subcortical neuronal differentiation, respectively, by two-probes fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Among the coding genes upregulated during differentiation of ANS cells we found Elavl3, a neural-specific RNA-binding protein homologous to Drosophila Elav. In the insect, Elav regulates polyA+ site choice while interacting with paused Pol-II promoters. We tested the role of Elavl3 in ANS cells, by silencing Elavl3 and observed consistent changes in 3′UTR length and delayed neuronal differentiation. These results indicate that choice of the polyA+ site and lengthening of 3′UTRs is a possible additional mechanism of posttranscriptional RNA modification involved in neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Grassi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Santoro
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Umbach
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Anna Grosso
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Salvatore Oliviero
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Turin, Italy.,Department of Life Science and System Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Neri
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Turin, Italy.,Department of Life Science and System Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Luciano Conti
- Centre for Integrative Biology-CIBIO, University of Trento, Povo, Italy
| | - Ugo Ala
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Provero
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Ferdinando DiCunto
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giorgio R Merlo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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14
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Abstract
Proper neuronal wiring is central to all bodily functions, sensory perception, cognition, memory, and learning. Establishment of a functional neuronal circuit is a highly regulated and dynamic process involving axonal and dendritic branching and navigation toward appropriate targets and connection partners. This intricate circuitry includes axo-dendritic synapse formation, synaptic connections formed with effector cells, and extensive dendritic arborization that function to receive and transmit mechanical and chemical sensory inputs. Such complexity is primarily achieved by extensive axonal and dendritic branch formation and pruning. Fundamental to neuronal branching are cytoskeletal dynamics and plasma membrane expansion, both of which are regulated via numerous extracellular and intracellular signaling mechanisms and molecules. This review focuses on recent advances in understanding the biology of neuronal branching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Menon
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Stephanie Gupton
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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15
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Hassan MA, Vasquez JJ, Guo-Liang C, Meissner M, Nicolai Siegel T. Comparative ribosome profiling uncovers a dominant role for translational control in Toxoplasma gondii. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:961. [PMID: 29228904 PMCID: PMC5725899 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4362-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The lytic cycle of the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii, which involves a brief sojourn in the extracellular space, is characterized by defined transcriptional profiles. For an obligate intracellular parasite that is shielded from the cytosolic host immune factors by a parasitophorous vacuole, the brief entry into the extracellular space is likely to exert enormous stress. Due to its role in cellular stress response, we hypothesize that translational control plays an important role in regulating gene expression in Toxoplasma during the lytic cycle. Unlike transcriptional profiles, insights into genome-wide translational profiles of Toxoplasma gondii are lacking. Methods We have performed genome-wide ribosome profiling, coupled with high throughput RNA sequencing, in intracellular and extracellular Toxoplasma gondii parasites to investigate translational control during the lytic cycle. Results Although differences in transcript abundance were mostly mirrored at the translational level, we observed significant differences in the abundance of ribosome footprints between the two parasite stages. Furthermore, our data suggest that mRNA translation in the parasite is potentially regulated by mRNA secondary structure and upstream open reading frames. Conclusion We show that most of the Toxoplasma genes that are dysregulated during the lytic cycle are translationally regulated. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-017-4362-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa A Hassan
- Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. .,The Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Juan J Vasquez
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, 97080, Germany.,Present address: Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Chew Guo-Liang
- Computational Biology Program, Basic Sciences and Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Centre, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Markus Meissner
- Wellcome Centre for Molecular Parasitology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,Department of Veterinary Sciences, Experimental Parasitology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - T Nicolai Siegel
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, 97080, Germany.,Department of Veterinary Sciences, Experimental Parasitology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, 80802, Munich, Germany.,Biomedical Center Munich, Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, 82152, Germany
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16
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Quantitative Map of Proteome Dynamics during Neuronal Differentiation. Cell Rep 2017; 18:1527-1542. [PMID: 28178528 PMCID: PMC5316641 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal differentiation is a multistep process that shapes and re-shapes neurons by progressing through several typical stages, including axon outgrowth, dendritogenesis, and synapse formation. To systematically profile proteome dynamics throughout neuronal differentiation, we took cultured rat hippocampal neurons at different developmental stages and monitored changes in protein abundance using a combination of stable isotope labeling and high-resolution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Almost one third of all 4,500 proteins quantified underwent a more than 2-fold expression change during neuronal differentiation, indicating extensive remodeling of the neuron proteome. To highlight the strength of our resource, we studied the neural-cell-adhesion molecule 1 (NCAM1) and found that it stimulates dendritic arbor development by promoting actin filament growth at the dendritic growth cone. We anticipate that our quantitative map of neuronal proteome dynamics is a rich resource for further analyses of the many identified proteins in various neurodevelopmental processes. Systematic profile of proteome dynamics throughout neuronal development in vitro Approximately 1,800 proteins show significant expression changes during differentiation Six expression profile clusters describe stage-specific patterns of protein dynamics This protein database may help to identify neurodevelopment mechanisms
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17
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Luan Z, Lu T, Ruan Y, Yue W, Zhang D. The Human MSI2 Gene is Associated with Schizophrenia in the Chinese Han Population. Neurosci Bull 2016; 32:239-45. [PMID: 27059221 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-016-0026-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that altered neurogenesis may be involved in the etiology of schizophrenia, so genes impacting on neurogenesis could be potential candidates for schizophrenia. A member of the Musashi family, the human MSI2 gene plays a substantial role in stem-cell maintenance, asymmetric division, and differentiation during neurogenesis. Our previous genome-wide association study (GWAS) implied an association of MSI2 with schizophrenia in a Han Chinese population. To further explore this association, three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs9892791, rs11657292, and rs1822381, were selected for a replication study involving 921 schizophrenia cases and 1244 controls. After rigorous Bonferroni correction, two of the SNPs (rs9892791 and rs11657292) displayed significant differences in allele and genotype distribution frequencies between the case and control groups. When our GWAS and replication samples were combined, the three MSI2 SNPs were all strongly associated with schizophrenia (rs9892791: allelic P = 1.07E-5; rs11657292: allelic P = 1.95E-12; rs1822381: allelic P = 1.44E-4). These results indicate that the human MSI2 gene might be a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia and encourage future research on the functional relationship between this gene and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilin Luan
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.,The Sixth Hospital and Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Tianlan Lu
- The Sixth Hospital and Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yanyan Ruan
- The Sixth Hospital and Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Weihua Yue
- The Sixth Hospital and Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Dai Zhang
- The Sixth Hospital and Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China. .,Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China.
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18
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Briata P, Bordo D, Puppo M, Gorlero F, Rossi M, Perrone-Bizzozero N, Gherzi R. Diverse roles of the nucleic acid-binding protein KHSRP in cell differentiation and disease. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2015; 7:227-40. [PMID: 26708421 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The single-stranded nucleic acid-binding protein KHSRP (KH-type splicing regulatory protein) modulates RNA life and gene expression at various levels. KHSRP controls important cellular functions as different as proliferation, differentiation, metabolism, and response to infectious agents. We summarize and discuss experimental evidence providing a potential link between changes in KHSRP expression/function and human diseases including neuromuscular disorders, obesity, type II diabetes, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Briata
- Gene Expression Regulation Laboratory, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy
| | - Domenico Bordo
- Gene Expression Regulation Laboratory, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy
| | - Margherita Puppo
- Gene Expression Regulation Laboratory, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy
| | - Franco Gorlero
- S.C. Ginecologia e Ostetricia Galliera Hospital, Genova, Italy.,School of Medicine, DINOGMI, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Martina Rossi
- Gene Expression Regulation Laboratory, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy
| | - Nora Perrone-Bizzozero
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Roberto Gherzi
- Gene Expression Regulation Laboratory, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy
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19
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Bruckert H, Marchetti G, Ramialison M, Besse F. Drosophila Hrp48 Is Required for Mushroom Body Axon Growth, Branching and Guidance. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136610. [PMID: 26313745 PMCID: PMC4551846 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA binding proteins assemble on mRNAs to control every single step of their life cycle, from nuclear splicing to cytoplasmic localization, stabilization or translation. Consistent with an essential role of RNA binding proteins in neuronal maturation and function, mutations in this class of proteins, in particular in members of the hnRNP family, have been associated with neurological diseases. To date, however, the physiological function of hnRNPs during in vivo neuronal development has remained poorly explored. Here, we have investigated the role of Drosophila Hrp48, a fly homologue of mammalian hnRNP A2/B1, during central nervous system development. Using a combination of mutant conditions, we showed that hrp48 is required for the formation, growth and guidance of axonal branches in Mushroom Body neurons. Furthermore, our results revealed that hrp48 inactivation induces an overextension of Mushroom Body dorsal axonal branches, with a significantly higher penetrance in females than in males. Finally, as demonstrated by immunolocalization studies, Hrp48 is confined to Mushroom Body neuron cell bodies, where it accumulates in the cytoplasm from larval stages to adulthood. Altogether, our data provide evidence for a crucial in vivo role of the hnRNP Hrp48 in multiple aspects of axon guidance and branching during nervous system development. They also indicate cryptic sex differences in the development of sexually non-dimorphic neuronal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Bruckert
- University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Institute of Biology Valrose, Nice, France
- CNRS UMR7277, Institute of Biology Valrose, Nice, France
- INSERM UMR1091, Institute of Biology Valrose, Nice, France
| | - Giovanni Marchetti
- University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Institute of Biology Valrose, Nice, France
- CNRS UMR7277, Institute of Biology Valrose, Nice, France
- INSERM UMR1091, Institute of Biology Valrose, Nice, France
| | - Mirana Ramialison
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Florence Besse
- University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Institute of Biology Valrose, Nice, France
- CNRS UMR7277, Institute of Biology Valrose, Nice, France
- INSERM UMR1091, Institute of Biology Valrose, Nice, France
- * E-mail:
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20
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Abstract
The RE1 Silencing Transcription Factor (REST) acts as a governor of the mature neuronal phenotype by repressing a large consortium of neuronal genes in non-neuronal cells. In the developing nervous system, REST is present in progenitors and downregulated at terminal differentiation to promote acquisition of mature neuronal phenotypes. Paradoxically, REST is still detected in some regions of the adult nervous system, but how REST levels are regulated, and whether REST can still repress neuronal genes, is not known. Here, we report that homeostatic levels of REST are maintained in mature peripheral neurons by a constitutive post-transcriptional mechanism. Specifically, using a three-hybrid genetic screen, we identify the RNA binding protein, ZFP36L2, associated previously only with female fertility and hematopoiesis, and show that it regulates REST mRNA stability. Dorsal root ganglia in Zfp36l2 knock-out mice, or wild-type ganglia expressing ZFP36L2 shRNA, show higher steady-state levels of Rest mRNA and protein, and extend thin and disintegrating axons. This phenotype is due, at least in part, to abnormally elevated REST levels in the ganglia because the axonal phenotype is attenuated by acute knockdown of REST in Zfp36l2 KO DRG explants. The higher REST levels result in lower levels of target genes, indicating that REST can still fine-tune gene expression through repression. Thus, REST levels are titrated in mature peripheral neurons, in part through a ZFP36L2-mediated post-transcriptional mechanism, with consequences for axonal integrity.
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21
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Furukawa MT, Sakamoto H, Inoue K. Interaction and colocalization of HERMES/RBPMS with NonO, PSF, and G3BP1 in neuronal cytoplasmic RNP granules in mouse retinal line cells. Genes Cells 2015; 20:257-66. [PMID: 25651939 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
HERMES, also called RBPMS, is a conserved RNA binding protein with a single RNA recognition motif (RRM) that is abundantly expressed in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and in the heart in vertebrates. Here, we identified NonO and PSF as the interacting proteins of HERMES only when the neuronal differentiation of the retinal cell line RGC-5 was induced. Although NonO and PSF are nuclear paraspeckle components, these proteins formed cytoplasmic granules with HERMES in the neurites. G3BP1, a component of stress granules, was also colocalized to the granules, interacting with NonO and HERMES even in the absence of cellular stress. Consistent with a previous report that KIF5 interacts with neuronal granules, the localization of KIF5A overlapped with the cytoplasmic granules in differentiated RGC-5 cells. Thus, our study strongly suggests that the cytoplasmic granule containing HERMES, NonO, PSF, and G3BP1 is a neuronal RNA-protein granule that is transported in neurites during retinal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari T Furukawa
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
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Amadio M, Scapagnini G, Davinelli S, Calabrese V, Govoni S, Pascale A. Involvement of ELAV RNA-binding proteins in the post-transcriptional regulation of HO-1. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 8:459. [PMID: 25642166 PMCID: PMC4295526 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an inducible rate-controlling enzyme of heme catabolism. The cytoprotective function of HO-1 activity has been verified in multiple studies, and together with its by-products is considered a key component of the cellular stress response. The transcriptional induction of HO-1 has been largely studied in response to multiple forms of stressful stimuli but our understanding of HO-1 post-transcriptional control mechanisms in neuronal cells is currently lacking. In the present report we show the involvement of the RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) embryonic lethal abnormal vision (ELAV) in the regulation of HO-1 gene expression. Our study demonstrates a specific binding between HO-1 messenger RNA (mRNA) and ELAV proteins, accompanied by an increased expression of HO-1 at protein level, in a human neuroblastoma cell line treated with hemin. Clarifying the induction of HO-1 expression at post-transcriptional level may open therapeutic perspectives for treatments associated with the modulation of HO-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialaura Amadio
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise Campobasso, Italy ; Inter-University Consortium "SannioTech" Benevento, Italy
| | - Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise Campobasso, Italy
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Inter-University Consortium "SannioTech" Benevento, Italy ; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Catania Catania, Italy
| | - Stefano Govoni
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessia Pascale
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia Pavia, Italy
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Peredo J, Villacé P, Ortín J, de Lucas S. Human Staufen1 associates to miRNAs involved in neuronal cell differentiation and is required for correct dendritic formation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113704. [PMID: 25423178 PMCID: PMC4244161 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Double-stranded RNA-binding proteins are key elements in the intracellular localization of mRNA and its local translation. Staufen is a double-stranded RNA binding protein involved in the localised translation of specific mRNAs during Drosophila early development and neuronal cell fate. The human homologue Staufen1 forms RNA-containing complexes that include proteins involved in translation and motor proteins to allow their movement within the cell, but the mechanism underlying translation repression in these complexes is poorly understood. Here we show that human Staufen1-containing complexes contain essential elements of the gene silencing apparatus, like Ago1-3 proteins, and we describe a set of miRNAs specifically associated to complexes containing human Staufen1. Among these, miR-124 stands out as particularly relevant because it appears enriched in human Staufen1 complexes and is over-expressed upon differentiation of human neuroblastoma cells in vitro. In agreement with these findings, we show that expression of human Staufen1 is essential for proper dendritic arborisation during neuroblastoma cell differentiation, yet it is not necessary for maintenance of the differentiated state, and suggest potential human Staufen1 mRNA targets involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Peredo
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Celular, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Villacé
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Celular, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Ortín
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Celular, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (JO); (SdL)
| | - Susana de Lucas
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Celular, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (JO); (SdL)
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Harraz MM, Xu JC, Guiberson N, Dawson TM, Dawson VL. MiR-223 regulates the differentiation of immature neurons. MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR THERAPIES 2014; 2:18. [PMID: 25400937 PMCID: PMC4229944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small non-coding microRNA RNA molecules can regulate stem cell function. The role of microRNAs in neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PCs) differentiation is not entirely clear. METHODS MiRNA profiling, loss and gain of function studies coupled with dendritic tree development morphometric analysis and calcium influx imaging were utilized to investigate the role of micoRNA-223 in differentiating NS/PCs. RESULTS MiRNA profiling in human NS/PCs before and after differentiation in vitro reveals modulation of miRNAs following differentiation of NS/PCs. MiR-223, a microRNA well characterized as a hematopoietic-specific miRNA was identified. Cell-autonomous inhibition of miR-223 in the adult mouse dentate gyrus NS/PCs led to a significant increase in immature neurons soma size, dendritic tree total length, branch number per neuron and complexity, while neuronal migration in the dentate gyrus remained unaffected. Overexpression of miR-223 decreased dendritic tree total length, branch number and complexity in neurons differentiated from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Inhibition of miR-223 enhanced N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) induced calcium influx in human neurons differentiated from NS/PCs. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings indicate that miR-223 regulates the differentiation of neurons derived from NS/PCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maged M Harraz
- />Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
- />Department of Histology and Genetics, Suez Canal University School of Medicine, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Jin-Chong Xu
- />Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 North Broadway, BRB 731 21205 Baltimore, MD USA
- />Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Noah Guiberson
- />Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 North Broadway, BRB 731 21205 Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Ted M Dawson
- />Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
- />Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 North Broadway, BRB 731 21205 Baltimore, MD USA
- />Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
- />Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Valina L Dawson
- />Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
- />Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 North Broadway, BRB 731 21205 Baltimore, MD USA
- />Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
- />Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
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25
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Multifunctional RNA processing protein SRm160 induces apoptosis and regulates eye and genital development in Drosophila. Genetics 2014; 197:1251-65. [PMID: 24907259 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.114.164434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
SRm160 is an SR-like protein implicated in multiple steps of RNA processing and nucleocytoplasmic export. Although its biochemical functions have been extensively described, its genetic interactions and potential participation in signaling pathways remain largely unknown, despite the fact that it is highly phosphorylated in both mammalian cells and Drosophila. To begin elucidating the functions of the protein in signaling and its potential role in developmental processes, we characterized mutant and overexpression SRm160 phenotypes in Drosophila and their interactions with the locus encoding the LAMMER protein kinase, Doa. SRm160 mutations are recessive lethal, while its overexpression generates phenotypes including roughened eyes and highly disorganized internal eye structure, which are due at least in part to aberrantly high levels of apoptosis. SRm160 is required for normal somatic sex determination, since its alleles strongly enhance a subtle sex transformation phenotype induced by Doa kinase alleles. Moreover, modification of SRm160 by DOA kinase appears to be necessary for its activity, since Doa alleles suppress phenotypes induced by SRm160 overexpression in the eye and enhance those in genital discs. Modification of SRm160 may occur through direct interaction because DOA kinase phosphorylates it in vitro. Remarkably, SRm160 protein was concentrated in the nuclei of precellular embryos but was very rapidly excluded from nuclei or degraded coincident with cellularization. Also of interest, transcripts are restricted almost exclusively to the developing nervous system in mature embryos.
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26
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Yang WB, Chen PH, Hsu T, Fu TF, Su WC, Liaw H, Chang WC, Hung JJ. Sp1-mediated microRNA-182 expression regulates lung cancer progression. Oncotarget 2014; 5:740-53. [PMID: 24519909 PMCID: PMC3996653 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Our recent study indicated that overexpression of Sp1 enhances the proliferation of lung cancer cells, while represses metastasis. In this study, we found that the transcriptional activity of FOXO3 was increased, but its protein levels decreased following Sp1 expression. Sp1 increased expression of miR-182, which was then recruited to the 3'-untranslated region of FOXO3 mRNA to silence its translational activity. Knockdown of miR-182 inhibited lung cancer cells growth, but enhanced the invasive and migratory abilities of these cells through increased N-cadherin expression. Repression of FOXO3 expression in the miR-182 knockdown cells partially reversed this effect, suggesting that miR-182 promotes cancer cell growth and inhibits cancer metastatic activity by regulating the expression of FOXO3. The expression of several cancer metastasis-related genes such as ADAM9, CDH9 and CD44 was increased following miR-182 knockdown. In conclusion, in the early stages of lung cancer progression, Sp1 stimulates miR-182 expression, which in turn decreases FOXO3 expression. This stimulates proliferation and tumor growth. In the late stages, Sp1 and miR-182 decline, thus increasing FOXO3 expression, which leads to lung metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bin Yang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience in Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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27
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Harraz MM, Xu JC, Guiberson N, Dawson TM, Dawson VL. MiR-223 regulates the differentiation of immature neurons. MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR THERAPIES 2014; 2. [PMID: 25400937 PMCID: PMC4229944 DOI: 10.1186/2052-8426-2-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Small non-coding microRNA RNA molecules can regulate stem cell function. The role of microRNAs in neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PCs) differentiation is not entirely clear. Methods MiRNA profiling, loss and gain of function studies coupled with dendritic tree development morphometric analysis and calcium influx imaging were utilized to investigate the role of micoRNA-223 in differentiating NS/PCs. Results MiRNA profiling in human NS/PCs before and after differentiation in vitro reveals modulation of miRNAs following differentiation of NS/PCs. MiR-223, a microRNA well characterized as a hematopoietic-specific miRNA was identified. Cell-autonomous inhibition of miR-223 in the adult mouse dentate gyrus NS/PCs led to a significant increase in immature neurons soma size, dendritic tree total length, branch number per neuron and complexity, while neuronal migration in the dentate gyrus remained unaffected. Overexpression of miR-223 decreased dendritic tree total length, branch number and complexity in neurons differentiated from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Inhibition of miR-223 enhanced N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) induced calcium influx in human neurons differentiated from NS/PCs. Conclusions Taken together, these findings indicate that miR-223 regulates the differentiation of neurons derived from NS/PCs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/2052-8426-2-18) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maged M Harraz
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA ; Department of Histology and Genetics, Suez Canal University School of Medicine, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Jin-Chong Xu
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 North Broadway, BRB 731 21205 Baltimore, MD, USA ; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Noah Guiberson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 North Broadway, BRB 731 21205 Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ted M Dawson
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA ; Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 North Broadway, BRB 731 21205 Baltimore, MD, USA ; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA ; Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Valina L Dawson
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA ; Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 North Broadway, BRB 731 21205 Baltimore, MD, USA ; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA ; Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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28
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Drosophila ORB protein in two mushroom body output neurons is necessary for long-term memory formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:7898-903. [PMID: 23610406 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1216336110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory is initially labile and gradually consolidated over time through new protein synthesis into a long-lasting stable form. Studies of odor-shock associative learning in Drosophila have established the mushroom body (MB) as a key brain structure involved in olfactory long-term memory (LTM) formation. Exactly how early neural activity encoded in thousands of MB neurons is consolidated into protein-synthesis-dependent LTM remains unclear. Here, several independent lines of evidence indicate that changes in two MB vertical lobe V3 (MB-V3) extrinsic neurons are required and contribute to an extended neural network involved in olfactory LTM: (i) inhibiting protein synthesis in MB-V3 neurons impairs LTM; (ii) MB-V3 neurons show enhanced neural activity after spaced but not massed training; (iii) MB-V3 dendrites, synapsing with hundreds of MB α/β neurons, exhibit dramatic structural plasticity after removal of olfactory inputs; (iv) neurotransmission from MB-V3 neurons is necessary for LTM retrieval; and (v) RNAi-mediated down-regulation of oo18 RNA-binding protein (involved in local regulation of protein translation) in MB-V3 neurons impairs LTM. Our results suggest a model of long-term memory formation that includes a systems-level consolidation process, wherein an early, labile olfactory memory represented by neural activity in a sparse subset of MB neurons is converted into a stable LTM through protein synthesis in dendrites of MB-V3 neurons synapsed onto MB α lobes.
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29
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Genome-wide analysis of alternative splicing during dendritic cell response to a bacterial challenge. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61975. [PMID: 23613991 PMCID: PMC3629138 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system relies on the plasticity of its components to produce appropriate responses to frequent environmental challenges. Dendritic cells (DCs) are critical initiators of innate immunity and orchestrate the later and more specific adaptive immunity. The generation of diversity in transcriptional programs is central for effective immune responses. Alternative splicing is widely considered a key generator of transcriptional and proteomic complexity, but its role has been rarely addressed systematically in immune cells. Here we used splicing-sensitive arrays to assess genome-wide gene- and exon-level expression profiles in human DCs in response to a bacterial challenge. We find widespread alternative splicing events and splicing factor transcriptional signatures induced by an E. coli challenge to human DCs. Alternative splicing acts in concert with transcriptional modulation, but these two mechanisms of gene regulation affect primarily distinct functional gene groups. Alternative splicing is likely to have an important role in DC immunobiology because it affects genes known to be involved in DC development, endocytosis, antigen presentation and cell cycle arrest.
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30
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Ehrmann I, Dalgliesh C, Liu Y, Danilenko M, Crosier M, Overman L, Arthur HM, Lindsay S, Clowry GJ, Venables JP, Fort P, Elliott DJ. The tissue-specific RNA binding protein T-STAR controls regional splicing patterns of neurexin pre-mRNAs in the brain. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003474. [PMID: 23637638 PMCID: PMC3636136 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The RNA binding protein T-STAR was created following a gene triplication 520-610 million years ago, which also produced its two parologs Sam68 and SLM-1. Here we have created a T-STAR null mouse to identify the endogenous functions of this RNA binding protein. Mice null for T-STAR developed normally and were fertile, surprisingly, given the high expression of T-STAR in the testis and the brain, and the known infertility and pleiotropic defects of Sam68 null mice. Using a transcriptome-wide search for splicing targets in the adult brain, we identified T-STAR protein as a potent splicing repressor of the alternatively spliced segment 4 (AS4) exons from each of the Neurexin1-3 genes, and exon 23 of the Stxbp5l gene. T-STAR protein was most highly concentrated in forebrain-derived structures like the hippocampus, which also showed maximal Neurexin1-3 AS4 splicing repression. In the absence of endogenous T-STAR protein, Nrxn1-3 AS4 splicing repression dramatically decreased, despite physiological co-expression of Sam68. In transfected cells Neurexin3 AS4 alternative splicing was regulated by either T-STAR or Sam68 proteins. In contrast, Neurexin2 AS4 splicing was only regulated by T-STAR, through a UWAA-rich response element immediately downstream of the regulated exon conserved since the radiation of bony vertebrates. The AS4 exons in the Nrxn1 and Nrxn3 genes were also associated with distinct patterns of conserved UWAA repeats. Consistent with an ancient mechanism of splicing control, human T-STAR protein was able to repress splicing inclusion of the zebrafish Nrxn3 AS4 exon. Although Neurexin1-3 and Stxbp5l encode critical synaptic proteins, T-STAR null mice had no detectable spatial memory deficits, despite an almost complete absence of AS4 splicing repression in the hippocampus. Our work identifies T-STAR as an ancient and potent tissue-specific splicing regulator that uses a concentration-dependent mechanism to co-ordinately regulate regional splicing patterns of the Neurexin1-3 AS4 exons in the mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Ehrmann
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Dalgliesh
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Yilei Liu
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Marina Danilenko
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Moira Crosier
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Lynn Overman
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Helen M. Arthur
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Lindsay
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin J. Clowry
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Julian P. Venables
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Philippe Fort
- Universités Montpellier 2 et 1, UMR 5237, Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoléculaire, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - David J. Elliott
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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31
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Kong J, Lasko P. Translational control in cellular and developmental processes. Nat Rev Genet 2012; 13:383-94. [PMID: 22568971 DOI: 10.1038/nrg3184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that translational control of specific mRNAs contributes importantly to genetic regulation across the breadth of cellular and developmental processes. Synthesis of protein from a specific mRNA can be controlled by RNA-binding proteins at the level of translational initiation and elongation, and translational control is also sometimes coupled to mRNA localization mechanisms. Recent discoveries from invertebrate and vertebrate systems have uncovered novel modes of translational regulation, have provided new insights into how specific regulators target the general translational machinery and have identified several new links between translational control and human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Kong
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 3649 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, Quebec H3G 0T5, Canada
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32
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Abstract
The RNA-binding protein hnRNP Q has been implicated in neuronal mRNA metabolism. Here, we show that knockdown of hnRNP Q increased neurite complexity in cultured rat cortical neurons and induced filopodium formation in mouse neuroblastoma cells. Reexpression of hnRNP Q1 in hnRNP Q-depleted cells abrogated the morphological changes of neurites, indicating a specific role for hnRNP Q1 in neuronal morphogenesis. A search for mRNA targets of hnRNP Q1 identified functionally coherent sets of mRNAs encoding factors involved in cellular signaling or cytoskeletal regulation and determined its preferred binding sequences. We demonstrated that hnRNP Q1 bound to a set of identified mRNAs encoding the components of the actin nucleation-promoting Cdc42/N-WASP/Arp2/3 complex and was in part colocalized with Cdc42 mRNA in granules. Using subcellular fractionation and immunofluorescence, we showed that knockdown of hnRNP Q reduced the level of some of those mRNAs in neurites and redistributed their encoded proteins from neurite tips to soma to different extents. Overexpression of dominant negative mutants of Cdc42 or N-WASP compromised hnRNP Q depletion-induced neurite complexity. Together, our results suggest that hnRNP Q1 may participate in localization of mRNAs encoding Cdc42 signaling factors in neurites, and thereby may regulate actin dynamics and control neuronal morphogenesis.
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Dedman A, McQuillin A, Kandaswamy R, Sharp S, Anjorin A, Gurling H. Sequencing of the ANKYRIN 3 gene (ANK3) encoding ankyrin G in bipolar disorder reveals a non-conservative amino acid change in a short isoform of ankyrin G. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2012; 159B:328-35. [PMID: 22328486 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Significant association between polymorphisms at the ANK3 gene with bipolar disorder has previously been reported and confirmed in several samples. Here we report on association between ANK3 and bipolar disorder in a new sample of 593 patients and 642 controls (UCL2) as well as the results of sequencing of the exons and flanking regions of ANK3 from bipolar patients. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with bipolar disorder in our original GWA study (UCL1) were genotyped and tested for association in the new sample. Novel SNPs found by sequencing were genotyped in both samples to test for association with bipolar disorder. None of the SNPs previously associated with bipolar disorder were associated in the UCL2 sample. One of the four SNPs associated in the UCL1 sample, rs1938526, was still significantly associated with bipolar disorder when the UCL1 and UCL2 samples were combined (P = 0.0095). The results demonstrate the impact of heterogeneity on replication of allelic associations even within well-defined ancestral populations. DNA sequencing revealed a novel low frequency (0.007) ANK3 SNP (ss469104599) which causes a non-conservative amino acid change at position 794 in the shorter isoforms of the ankyrin G protein. Protein-function analysis software predicted the amino acid change to be "probably damaging" and it could therefore be detrimental to the function of this isoform. Given that there was only a modest increase in the allele frequency of ss469104599 in cases compared to controls further association studies are needed in additional samples to establish a possible etiological role for this amino acid change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Dedman
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Mental Health Sciences Unit, University College London, London, UK
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Ma B, Savas JN, Yu MS, Culver BP, Chao MV, Tanese N. Huntingtin mediates dendritic transport of β-actin mRNA in rat neurons. Sci Rep 2011; 1:140. [PMID: 22355657 PMCID: PMC3216621 DOI: 10.1038/srep00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Transport of mRNAs to diverse neuronal locations via RNA granules serves an important function in regulating protein synthesis within restricted sub-cellular domains. We recently detected the Huntington's disease protein huntingtin (Htt) in dendritic RNA granules; however, the functional significance of this localization is not known. Here we report that Htt and the huntingtin-associated protein 1 (HAP1) are co-localized with the microtubule motor proteins, the KIF5A kinesin and dynein, during dendritic transport of β-actin mRNA. Live cell imaging demonstrated that β-actin mRNA is associated with Htt, HAP1, and dynein intermediate chain in cultured neurons. Reduction in the levels of Htt, HAP1, KIF5A, and dynein heavy chain by lentiviral-based shRNAs resulted in a reduction in the transport of β-actin mRNA. These findings support a role for Htt in participating in the mRNA transport machinery that also contains HAP1, KIF5A, and dynein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ma
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Ave., New York, NY 10016, USA; Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, D-55101 Mainz, Germany
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Mytilinaios DG, Tsamis KI, Nikolakaki E, Giannakouros T. Distribution of SRPK1 in human brain. J Chem Neuroanat 2011; 43:20-7. [PMID: 22019390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2011] [Revised: 10/08/2011] [Accepted: 10/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Extensive alternative splicing is observed in the mammalian nervous system providing for protein diversity and specificity to accomplish the complex neuronal functions. Mechanisms underlying neuron specific splicing are not yet well understood. Among the factors regulating splicing of major importance are serine/arginine protein kinases (SRPKs) that phosphorylate SR splicing factors. SRPK1 is known to be expressed in the mammalian central nervous system. The present immunohistochemical study reveals a region- and neuron-specific localization of SRPK1 in human brain. The potential involvement of the kinase in the regulation of alternative splicing of various neuronal proteins is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Mytilinaios
- Laboratory of Neuropathology, 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Amano H, Maruyama IN. Aversive olfactory learning and associative long-term memory in Caenorhabditis elegans. Learn Mem 2011; 18:654-65. [PMID: 21960709 DOI: 10.1101/lm.2224411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) adult hermaphrodite has 302 invariant neurons and is suited for cellular and molecular studies on complex behaviors including learning and memory. Here, we have developed protocols for classical conditioning of worms with 1-propanol, as a conditioned stimulus (CS), and hydrochloride (HCl) (pH 4.0), as an unconditioned stimulus (US). Before the conditioning, worms were attracted to 1-propanol and avoided HCl in chemotaxis assay. In contrast, after massed or spaced training, worms were either not attracted at all to or repelled from 1-propanol on the assay plate. The memory after the spaced training was retained for 24 h, while the memory after the massed training was no longer observable within 3 h. Worms pretreated with transcription and translation inhibitors failed to form the memory by the spaced training, whereas the memory after the massed training was not significantly affected by the inhibitors and was sensitive to cold-shock anesthesia. Therefore, the memories after the spaced and massed trainings can be classified as long-term memory (LTM) and short-term/middle-term memory (STM/MTM), respectively. Consistently, like other organisms including Aplysia, Drosophila, and mice, C. elegans mutants defective in nmr-1 encoding an NMDA receptor subunit failed to form both LTM and STM/MTM, while mutations in crh-1 encoding the CREB transcription factor affected only the LTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisayuki Amano
- Information Processing Biology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa 904-0412, Japan
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Moura-Alves P, Neves-Costa A, Raquel H, Pacheco TR, D'Almeida B, Rodrigues R, Cadima-Couto I, Chora Â, Oliveira M, Gama-Carvalho M, Hacohen N, Moita LF. An shRNA-based screen of splicing regulators identifies SFRS3 as a negative regulator of IL-1β secretion. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19829. [PMID: 21611201 PMCID: PMC3096647 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of diversity and plasticity of transcriptional programs are key components of effective vertebrate immune responses. The role of Alternative Splicing has been recognized, but it is underappreciated and poorly understood as a critical mechanism for the regulation and fine-tuning of physiological immune responses. Here we report the generation of loss-of-function phenotypes for a large collection of genes known or predicted to be involved in the splicing reaction and the identification of 19 novel regulators of IL-1β secretion in response to E. coli challenge of THP-1 cells. Twelve of these genes are required for IL-1β secretion, while seven are negative regulators of this process. Silencing of SFRS3 increased IL-1β secretion due to elevation of IL-1β and caspase-1 mRNA in addition to active caspase-1 levels. This study points to the relevance of splicing in the regulation of auto-inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Moura-Alves
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Neves-Costa
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Helena Raquel
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Teresa Raquel Pacheco
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Bruno D'Almeida
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Raquel Rodrigues
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Iris Cadima-Couto
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ângelo Chora
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mariana Oliveira
- Centro de Biodiversidade, Genómica Funcional e Integrativa (BioFIG), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Margarida Gama-Carvalho
- Centro de Biodiversidade, Genómica Funcional e Integrativa (BioFIG), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nir Hacohen
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Luis F. Moita
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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Lin JC, Tarn WY. RBM4 down-regulates PTB and antagonizes its activity in muscle cell-specific alternative splicing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 193:509-20. [PMID: 21518792 PMCID: PMC3087008 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201007131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
RBM4 activates exon skipping of PTB transcripts to suppress PTB expression and counteracts PTB-mediated inhibition of alternative splicing during myogenesis. Alternative splicing contributes largely to cell differentiation and functional specification. We previously reported that the RNA-binding protein RBM4 antagonizes the activity of splicing factor PTB to modulate muscle cell–specific exon selection of α-tropomyosin. Here we show that down-regulation of PTB and its neuronal analogue nPTB during muscle cell differentiation may involve alternative splicing-coupled nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. RBM4 regulates PTB/nPTB expression by activating exon skipping of their transcripts during myogenesis. Moreover, RBM4 and PTB target a common set of transcripts that undergo muscle cell–specific alternative splicing. Overexpression of RBM4 invariably promoted expression of muscle cell–specific isoforms, which recapitulated in vivo alternative splicing changes during muscle differentiation, whereas PTB acted oppositely to RBM4 in expression of mRNA isoforms specific for late-stage differentiation. Therefore, RBM4 may synergize its effect on muscle cell–specific alternative splicing by down-regulating PTB expression and antagonizing the activity of PTB in exon selection, which highlights a hierarchical role for RBM4 in a splicing cascade that regulates myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Chun Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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Ceman S, Saugstad J. MicroRNAs: Meta-controllers of gene expression in synaptic activity emerge as genetic and diagnostic markers of human disease. Pharmacol Ther 2011; 130:26-37. [PMID: 21256154 PMCID: PMC3043141 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2011.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are members of the non-protein-coding family of RNAs. They serve as regulators of gene expression by modulating the translation and/or stability of messenger RNA targets. The discovery of microRNAs has revolutionized the field of cell biology, and has permanently altered the prevailing view of a linear relationship between gene and protein expression. The increased complexity of gene regulation is both exciting and daunting, as emerging evidence supports a pervasive role for microRNAs in virtually every cellular process. This review briefly describes microRNA processing and formation of RNA-induced silencing complexes, with a focus on the role of RNA binding proteins in this process. We also discuss mechanisms for microRNA-mediated regulation of translation, particularly in dendritic spine formation and function, and the role of microRNAs in synaptic plasticity. We then discuss the evidence for altered microRNA function in cognitive brain disorders, and the effect of gene mutations revealed by single nucleotide polymorphism analysis on altered microRNA function and human disease. Further, we present evidence that altered microRNA expression in circulating fluids such as plasma/serum can correlate with, and serve as, novel diagnostic biomarkers of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Ceman
- University of Illinois, Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Urbana IL 61801, United States
| | - Julie Saugstad
- Legacy Research Institute, RS Dow Neurobiology Labs, Portland, OR 97232, United States
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40
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Nelson PG. Codes and circuits. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2011; 31:809-13. [PMID: 21448809 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-011-9677-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Marshall Nirenberg will always be remembered for deciphering the genetic code by which DNA and RNA sequences specify the amino acid sequence in proteins. His switch to neurobiology in the 1960s was driven, in part, by an interest in the possibility of a neural code specifying the development and functioning of the neural circuits that underlie brain function. Neural cell adhesion or recognition molecules would probably be involved in such circuit formation, and this review briefly examines one set of such molecules. The specific binding between presynaptic neurexins and postsynaptic neuroligins could constitute one aspect of the code underlying the formation of specific synaptic circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip G Nelson
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Li Y, Massey K, Witkiewicz H, Schnitzer JE. Systems analysis of endothelial cell plasma membrane proteome of rat lung microvasculature. Proteome Sci 2011; 9:15. [PMID: 21447187 PMCID: PMC3080792 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-9-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial cells line all blood vessels to form the blood-tissue interface which is critical for maintaining organ homeostasis and facilitates molecular exchange. We recently used tissue subcellular fractionation combined with several multi-dimensional mass spectrometry-based techniques to enhance identification of lipid-embedded proteins for large-scale proteomic mapping of luminal endothelial cell plasma membranes isolated directly from rat lungs in vivo. The biological processes and functions of the proteins expressed at this important blood-tissue interface remain unexplored at a large scale. RESULTS We performed an unbiased systems analysis of the endothelial cell surface proteome containing over 1800 proteins to unravel the major functions and pathways apparent at this interface. As expected, many key functions of plasma membranes in general (i.e., cell surface signaling pathways, cytoskeletal organization, adhesion, membrane trafficking, metabolism, mechanotransduction, membrane fusion, and vesicle-mediated transport) and endothelial cells in particular (i.e., blood vessel development and maturation, angiogenesis, regulation of endothelial cell proliferation, protease activity, and endocytosis) were significantly overrepresented in this proteome. We found that endothelial cells express multiple proteins that mediate processes previously reported to be restricted to neuronal cells, such as neuronal survival and plasticity, axon growth and regeneration, synaptic vesicle trafficking and neurotransmitter metabolic process. Surprisingly, molecular machinery for protein synthesis was also detected as overrepresented, suggesting that endothelial cells, like neurons, can synthesize proteins locally at the cell surface. CONCLUSION Our unbiased systems analysis has led to the potential discovery of unexpected functions in normal endothelium. The discovery of the existence of protein synthesis at the plasma membrane in endothelial cells provides new insight into the blood-tissue interface and endothelial cell surface biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Proteogenomics Research Institute for Systems Medicine, 11107 Roselle Street, San Diego, California 92121, USA.
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Meseguer S, Mudduluru G, Escamilla JM, Allgayer H, Barettino D. MicroRNAs-10a and -10b contribute to retinoic acid-induced differentiation of neuroblastoma cells and target the alternative splicing regulatory factor SFRS1 (SF2/ASF). J Biol Chem 2010; 286:4150-64. [PMID: 21118818 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.167817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an emerging class of non-coding endogenous RNAs involved in multiple cellular processes, including cell differentiation. Treatment with retinoic acid (RA) results in neural differentiation of neuroblastoma cells. We wanted to elucidate whether miRNAs contribute to the gene expression changes induced by RA in neuroblastoma cells and whether miRNA regulation is involved in the transduction of the RA signal. We show here that RA treatment of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells results in profound changes in the expression pattern of miRNAs. Up to 42 different miRNA species significantly changed their expression (26 up-regulated and 16 down-regulated). Among them, the closely related miR-10a and -10b showed the most prominent expression changes. Induction of miR-10a and -10b by RA also could be detected in LA-N-1 neuroblastoma cells. Loss of function experiments demonstrated that miR-10a and -10b are essential mediators of RA-induced neuroblastoma differentiation and of the associated changes in migration, invasion, and in vivo metastasis. In addition, we found that the SR-family splicing factor SFRS1 (SF2/ASF) is a target for miR-10a -and -10b in HeLa and SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. We show here that changes in miR-10a and -10b expression levels may regulate SFRS1-dependent alternative splicing and translational functions. Taken together, our results give support to the idea that miRNA regulation plays a key role in RA-induced neuroblastoma cell differentiation. The discovery of SFRS1 as direct target of miR-10a and -10b supports the emerging functional interaction between two post-transcriptional mechanisms, microRNAs and splicing, in the neuronal differentiation context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Meseguer
- Biology of Hormone Action Unit, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology and Therapy, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia E-46010, Spain
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