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Jiang CL, Lin FJ. Insights into the roles of Apolipoprotein E in adipocyte biology and obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:1205-1215. [PMID: 38839985 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01549-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is a multifunctional protein expressed by various cell types, including hepatocytes, adipocytes, immune cells of the myeloid lineage, vascular smooth muscle cells, astrocytes, etc. Initially, APOE was discovered as an arginine-rich peptide within very-low-density lipoprotein, but it was subsequently found in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in humans and other animals, where its presence facilitates the clearance of these lipoproteins from circulation. Recent epidemiolocal studies and experimental research in mice suggest a link between ApoE and obesity. The latest findings highlight the role of endogenous adipocyte ApoE in regulating browning of white adipose tissue, beige adipocyte differentiation, thermogenesis and energy homeostasis. This review focuses on the emerging evidence showing the involvement of ApoE in the regulation of obesity and its associated metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Lin Jiang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Jung Lin
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Development Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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2
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Xie X, Liu Y, Yang Q, Ma X, Lu Y, Hu Y, Zhang G, Ke L, Tong Z, Liu Y, Xue J, Lu G, Li W. Adipose Triglyceride Lipase-Mediated Adipocyte Lipolysis Exacerbates Acute Pancreatitis Severity in Mouse Models and Patients. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 194:1494-1510. [PMID: 38705384 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Dyslipolysis of adipocytes plays a critical role in various diseases. Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) is a rate-limiting enzyme in adipocyte autonomous lipolysis. However, the degree of adipocyte lipolysis related to the prognoses in acute pancreatitis (AP) and the role of ATGL-mediated lipolysis in the pathogenesis of AP remain elusive. Herein, the visceral adipose tissue consumption rate in the acute stage was measured in both patients with AP and mouse models. Lipolysis levels and ATGL expression were detected in cerulein-induced AP models. CL316,243, a lipolysis stimulator, and adipose tissue-specific ATGL knockout mice were used to further investigate the role of lipolysis in AP. The ATGL-specific inhibitor, atglistatin, was used in C57Bl/6N and ob/ob AP models. This study indicated that increased visceral adipose tissue consumption rate in the acute phase was independently associated with adverse prognoses in patients with AP, which was validated in mouse AP models. Lipolysis of adipocytes was elevated in AP mice. Stimulation of lipolysis aggravated AP. Genetic blockage of ATGL specifically in adipocytes alleviated the damage to AP. The application of atglistatin effectively protected against AP in both lean and obese mice. These findings demonstrated that ATGL-mediated adipocyte lipolysis exacerbates AP and highlighted the therapeutic potential of ATGL as a drug target for AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Xie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaojie Ma
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingying Lu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuepeng Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guofu Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Ke
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhihui Tong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuxiu Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Stem Cell Research Centre, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guotao Lu
- Pancreatic Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Yangzhou Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
| | - Weiqin Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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3
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Zhang R, Zhang K. A unified model for regulating lipoprotein lipase activity. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024; 35:490-504. [PMID: 38521668 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
The regulation of triglyceride (TG) tissue distribution, storage, and utilization, a fundamental process of energy homeostasis, critically depends on lipoprotein lipase (LPL). We review the intricate mechanisms by which LPL activity is regulated by angiopoietin-like proteins (ANGPTL3, 4, 8), apolipoproteins (APOA5, APOC3, APOC2), and the cAMP-responsive element-binding protein H (CREBH). ANGPTL8 functions as a molecular switch, through complex formation, activating ANGPTL3 while deactivating ANGPTL4 in their LPL inhibition. The ANGPTL3-4-8 model integrates the roles of the aforementioned proteins in TG partitioning between white adipose tissue (WAT) and oxidative tissues (heart and skeletal muscles) during the feed/fast cycle. This model offers a unified perspective on LPL regulation, providing insights into TG metabolism, metabolic diseases, and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Zhang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Kezhong Zhang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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4
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Zhu T, Zhao H, Chao Y, Gao S, Dong X, Wang Z. Olanzapine-induced weight gain and lipid dysfunction in mice between different gender. Biomed Chromatogr 2024; 38:e5864. [PMID: 38551083 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
As one of the most common antipsychotics, olanzapine may cause metabolic-related adverse effects, but it is still unknown how olanzapine alters lipid metabolism. In this study, we found that olanzapine-treated mice showed varying degrees of dyslipidemia, which was particularly pronounced in female mice. Based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight-MS (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) technology and lipid metabolomics, we mapped the changes in lipid metabolism in olanzapine-treated mice and then compared the changes in lipid metabolism between male and female mice. There were 98 metabolic differentiators between the olanzapine-treated and control groups in females and 79 in males. These metabolites were glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, fatty amides, and sphingolipids, which are involved in glycerolipid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and fatty acid metabolism. These results suggest that olanzapine-induced changes in the levels of lipid metabolites are closely associated with disturbances in lipid metabolic pathways, which may underlie lipemia. This lipidome profiling study not only visualizes changes in lipid metabolism in liver tissue but also provides a foundation for understanding the regulatory pathways and mechanisms involved in olanzapine-induced lipid metabolism disorders. Furthermore, this study demonstrates differences in lipid metabolism between males and females, providing a reference for clinical treatment regimen selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhu
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongxia Zhao
- Zhanjiang Institute of Clinical Medicine, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yufan Chao
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Songyan Gao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Dong
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zuowei Wang
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Hongkou Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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5
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Mallick R, Basak S, Das RK, Banerjee A, Paul S, Pathak S, Duttaroy AK. Fatty Acids and their Proteins in Adipose Tissue Inflammation. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024; 82:35-51. [PMID: 37794302 PMCID: PMC10867084 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-023-01185-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic low-grade adipose tissue inflammation is associated with metabolic disorders. Inflammation results from the intertwined cross-talks of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory pathways in the immune response of adipose tissue. In addition, adipose FABP4 levels and lipid droplet proteins are involved in systemic and tissue inflammation. Dysregulated adipocytes help infiltrate immune cells derived from bone marrow responsible for producing cytokines and chemokines. When adipose tissue expands in excess, adipocyte exhibits increased secretion of adipokines and is implicated in metabolic disturbances due to the release of free fatty acids. This review presents an emerging concept in adipose tissue fat metabolism, fatty acid handling and binding proteins, and lipid droplet proteins and their involvement in inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Mallick
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sanjay Basak
- Molecular Biology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ranjit K Das
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Antara Banerjee
- Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - Sujay Paul
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez, No. 500 Fracc, San Pablo, Queretaro, 76130, Mexico
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - Asim K Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, POB 1046 Blindern, Oslo, Norway.
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Colaço-Gaspar M, Hofer P, Oberer M, Zechner R. PNPLA-mediated lipid hydrolysis and transacylation - At the intersection of catabolism and anabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2024; 1869:159410. [PMID: 37951382 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Patatin-like phospholipase domain containing proteins (PNPLAs) play diverse roles in lipid metabolism. In this review, we focus on the enzymatic properties and predicted 3D structures of PNPLA1-5. PNPLA2-4 exert both catabolic and anabolic functions. Whereas PNPLA1 is predominantly expressed in the epidermis and involved in sphingolipid biosynthesis, PNPLA2 and 4 are ubiquitously expressed and exhibit several enzymatic activities, including hydrolysis and transacylation of various (glycero-)lipid species. This review summarizes known biological roles for PNPLA-mediated hydrolysis and transacylation reactions and highlights open questions concerning their physiological function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Hofer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Monika Oberer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Rudolf Zechner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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7
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Konaklieva MI, Plotkin BJ. Targeting host-specific metabolic pathways-opportunities and challenges for anti-infective therapy. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1338567. [PMID: 38455763 PMCID: PMC10918472 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1338567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms can takeover critical metabolic pathways in host cells to fuel their replication. This interaction provides an opportunity to target host metabolic pathways, in addition to the pathogen-specific ones, in the development of antimicrobials. Host-directed therapy (HDT) is an emerging strategy of anti-infective therapy, which targets host cell metabolism utilized by facultative and obligate intracellular pathogens for entry, replication, egress or persistence of infected host cells. This review provides an overview of the host lipid metabolism and links it to the challenges in the development of HDTs for viral and bacterial infections, where pathogens are using important for the host lipid enzymes, or producing their own analogous of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) thus interfering with the human host's lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Balbina J. Plotkin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, United States
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8
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Jaeckstein MY, Schulze I, Zajac MW, Heine M, Mann O, Pfeifer A, Heeren J. CD73-dependent generation of extracellular adenosine by vascular endothelial cells modulates de novo lipogenesis in adipose tissue. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1308456. [PMID: 38264660 PMCID: PMC10803534 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1308456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Next to white and brown adipocytes present in white and brown adipose tissue (WAT, BAT), vascular endothelial cells, tissue-resident macrophages and other immune cells have important roles in maintaining adipose tissue homeostasis but also contribute to the etiology of obesity-associated chronic inflammatory metabolic diseases. In addition to hormonal signals such as insulin and norepinephrine, extracellular adenine nucleotides modulate lipid storage, fatty acid release and thermogenic responses in adipose tissues. The complex regulation of extracellular adenine nucleotides involves a network of ectoenzymes that convert ATP via ADP and AMP to adenosine. However, in WAT and BAT the processing of extracellular adenine nucleotides and its relevance for intercellular communications are still largely unknown. Based on our observations that in adipose tissues the adenosine-generating enzyme CD73 is mainly expressed by vascular endothelial cells, we studied glucose and lipid handling, energy expenditure and adaptive thermogenesis in mice lacking endothelial CD73 housed at different ambient temperatures. Under conditions of thermogenic activation, CD73 expressed by endothelial cells is dispensable for the expression of thermogenic genes as well as energy expenditure. Notably, thermoneutral housing leading to a state of low energy expenditure and lipid accumulation in adipose tissues resulted in enhanced glucose uptake into WAT of endothelial CD73-deficient mice. This effect was associated with elevated expression levels of de novo lipogenesis genes. Mechanistic studies provide evidence that extracellular adenosine is imported into adipocytes and converted to AMP by adenosine kinase. Subsequently, activation of the AMP kinase lowers the expression of de novo lipogenesis genes, most likely via inactivation of the transcription factor carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP). In conclusion, this study demonstrates that endothelial-derived extracellular adenosine generated via the ectoenzyme CD73 is a paracrine factor shaping lipid metabolism in WAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Y. Jaeckstein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Isabell Schulze
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Wolfgang Zajac
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Heine
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Mann
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Pfeifer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Joerg Heeren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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9
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Rabadán-Chávez G, Díaz de la Garza RI, Jacobo-Velázquez DA. White adipose tissue: Distribution, molecular insights of impaired expandability, and its implication in fatty liver disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166853. [PMID: 37611674 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
We are far behind the 2025 World Health Organization (WHO) goal of a zero increase in obesity. Close to 360 million people in Latin America and the Caribbean are overweight, with the highest rates observed in the Bahamas, Mexico, and Chile. To achieve relevant progress against the obesity epidemic, scientific research is essential to establish uniform practices in the study of obesity pathophysiology (using pre-clinical and clinical models) that ensure accuracy, reproducibility, and transcendent outcomes. The present review focuses on relevant aspects of white adipose tissue (WAT) expansion, underlying mechanisms of inefficient expandability, and its repercussion in ectopic lipid accumulation in the liver during nutritional abundance. In addition, we highlight the potential role of disrupted circadian rhythm in WAT metabolism. Since genetic factors also play a key role in determining an individual's predisposition to weight gain, we describe the most relevant genes associated with obesity in the Mexican population, underlining that most of them are related to appetite control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Griselda Rabadán-Chávez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, 64849 Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Rocío I Díaz de la Garza
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, 64849 Monterrey, NL, Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Campus Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, 64849 Monterrey, NL, Mexico.
| | - Daniel A Jacobo-Velázquez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, 64849 Monterrey, NL, Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Campus Guadalajara, Av. General Ramon Corona 2514, C.P. 45201 Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico.
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10
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Alnassar N, Hillman C, Fontana BD, Robson SC, Norton WHJ, Parker MO. angptl4 gene expression as a marker of adaptive homeostatic response to social isolation across the lifespan in zebrafish. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 131:209-221. [PMID: 37690345 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Social isolation has detrimental health effects, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we investigated the impact of 2 weeks of isolation on behavior and gene expression in the central nervous system at different life stages of zebrafish. Results showed that socially deprived young adult zebrafish experienced increased anxiety, accompanied by changes in gene expression. Most gene expression patterns returned to normal within 24 hours of reintroduction to a social environment, except angptl4, which was upregulated after reintroduction, suggesting an adaptive mechanism. Similarly, aging zebrafish displayed heightened anxiety and increased central nervous system expression of angptl4 during isolation, but effects were reversed upon reintroduction to a social group. The findings imply that angptl4 plays a homeostatic role in response to social isolation, which varies across the lifespan. The study emphasizes the importance of social interactions for psychological well-being and highlights the negative consequences of isolation, especially in older individuals. Further research may unravel how social isolation affects angptl4 expression and its developmental and aging effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Alnassar
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Courtney Hillman
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, University of Surrey, Guilford, UK
| | | | - Samuel C Robson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK; School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - William H J Norton
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Matthew O Parker
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, University of Surrey, Guilford, UK.
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11
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Hofer P, Grabner GF, König M, Xie H, Bulfon D, Ludwig AE, Wolinski H, Zimmermann R, Zechner R, Heier C. Cooperative lipolytic control of neuronal triacylglycerol by spastic paraplegia-associated enzyme DDHD2 and ATGL. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100457. [PMID: 37832604 PMCID: PMC10665947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular lipolysis-the enzymatic breakdown of lipid droplet-associated triacylglycerol (TAG)-depends on the cooperative action of several hydrolytic enzymes and regulatory proteins, together designated as lipolysome. Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) acts as a major cellular TAG hydrolase and core effector of the lipolysome in many peripheral tissues. Neurons initiate lipolysis independently of ATGL via DDHD domain-containing 2 (DDHD2), a multifunctional lipid hydrolase whose dysfunction causes neuronal TAG deposition and hereditary spastic paraplegia. Whether and how DDHD2 cooperates with other lipolytic enzymes is currently unknown. In this study, we further investigated the enzymatic properties and functions of DDHD2 in neuroblastoma cells and primary neurons. We found that DDHD2 hydrolyzes multiple acylglycerols in vitro and substantially contributes to neutral lipid hydrolase activities of neuroblastoma cells and brain tissue. Substrate promiscuity of DDHD2 allowed its engagement at different steps of the lipolytic cascade: In neuroblastoma cells, DDHD2 functioned exclusively downstream of ATGL in the hydrolysis of sn-1,3-diacylglycerol (DAG) isomers but was dispensable for TAG hydrolysis and lipid droplet homeostasis. In primary cortical neurons, DDHD2 exhibited lipolytic control over both, DAG and TAG, and complemented ATGL-dependent TAG hydrolysis. We conclude that neuronal cells use noncanonical configurations of the lipolysome and engage DDHD2 as dual TAG/DAG hydrolase in cooperation with ATGL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hofer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gernot F Grabner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Mario König
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Hao Xie
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dominik Bulfon
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Anton E Ludwig
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Heimo Wolinski
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioHealth Field of Excellence, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Robert Zimmermann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioHealth Field of Excellence, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Zechner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioHealth Field of Excellence, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph Heier
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioHealth Field of Excellence, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.
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12
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Gu M, Cai H, Deng W, Tang Y, Du S, Wang P, Deng W, Wang H, Sun A, Kong S. Dingkun pill alleviates metabolic abnormalities in polycystic ovary syndrome through brown adipose tissue activation. J Ovarian Res 2023; 16:176. [PMID: 37633943 PMCID: PMC10463533 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-023-01215-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional Chinese medicine has been used for a long time to treat a variety of gynecological diseases. Among various traditional Chinese medicine, Dingkun Pill (DK) has been used for the treatment of female gynecological diseases. However, DK therapeutic effect on PCOS and the target tissue for its potential effect need to be explored. This study aims to explore the therapeutic effect of DK for PCOS in mice from three aspects: metabolism, endocrine and fertility, and determine whether the brown adipose tissue is the target organ to alleviate the PCOS phenotype. METHODS PCOS mouse model was constructed by subcutaneous injection of DHEA. The estrous cycle, ovulation, and pregnancy outcome was examined in mice. The level of hormone including the LH, FSH, estrogen and testosterone in the serum were measured by ELISA. Both the glucose sensitivity and insulin sensitivity were determined in mice with different treatment. The histomorphology and lipid contents in the brown adipose tissue were analyzed. RNA-Seq was conducted for the brown adipose tissue and different expression of critical metabolism marker genes was confirmed by real-time PCR. RESULTS The data showed that the fertility in PCOS mice with DK treatment was significantly increased, and the metabolic disorder was partially restored. Both the whiten of brown adipose tissue and reduced UCP1 expression induced by DHEA was rescued by the DK. The RNA-Seq data further demonstrated both the DHEA induced downregulation of lipolysis genes and oxidative phosphorylation genes were at least partially rescued by DK in the brown adipose tissue. CONCLUSIONS DK has therapeutic effect on PCOS in DHEA treated mice and the brown adipose tissue is at least one critical target organ to alleviate the PCOS. This is achieved by not only regulating the lipid mobilization of brown adipose, but also restoring its thermogenic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqing Gu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, 361102, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Han Cai
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, 361102, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Weinan Deng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yedong Tang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, 361102, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Shuailin Du
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, 361102, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Peiran Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, 361102, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Wenbo Deng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, 361102, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Haibin Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, 361102, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Aijun Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, China.
| | - Shuangbo Kong
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, 361102, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
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13
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Eliaš J, Fellner K, Hofer P, Oberer M, Schreiber R, Zechner R. The Potential Roles of Transacylation in Intracellular Lipolysis and Related Qssa Approximations. Bull Math Biol 2023; 85:82. [PMID: 37544001 PMCID: PMC10404580 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-023-01188-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) are crucial energy metabolites, signalling molecules, and membrane building blocks for a wide range of organisms. Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) is the first and presumingly most crucial regulator of FA release from triacylglycerols (TGs) stored within cytosolic lipid droplets. However, besides the function of releasing FAs by hydrolysing TGs into diacylglycerols (DGs), ATGL also promotes the transacylation reaction of two DG molecules into one TG and one monoacylglycerol molecule. To date, it is unknown whether DG transacylation is a coincidental byproduct of ATGL-mediated lipolysis or whether it is physiologically relevant. Experimental evidence is scarce since both, hydrolysis and transacylation, rely on the same active site of ATGL and always occur in parallel in an ensemble of molecules. This paper illustrates the potential roles of transacylation. It shows that, depending on the kinetic parameters but also on the state of the hydrolytic machinery, transacylation can increase or decrease downstream products up to 80% respectively 30%. We provide an extensive asymptotic analysis including quasi-steady-state approximations (QSSA) with higher order correction terms and provide numerical simulation. We also argue that when assessing the validity of QSSAs one should include parameter sensitivity derivatives. Our results suggest that the transacylation function of ATGL is of biological relevance by providing feedback options and altogether stability to the lipolytic machinery in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ján Eliaš
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, 1121 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Mathematics and Scientific Computing, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 36, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Klemens Fellner
- Institute of Mathematics and Scientific Computing, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 36, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Hofer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstraße 50, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Monika Oberer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstraße 50, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioHealth Field of Excellence, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Renate Schreiber
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstraße 50, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioHealth Field of Excellence, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Zechner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstraße 50, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioHealth Field of Excellence, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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14
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Guerrero-Santoro J, Morizane M, Oh SY, Mishima T, Goff JP, Bildirici I, Sadovsky E, Ouyang Y, Tyurin VA, Tyurina YY, Kagan VE, Sadovsky Y. The lipase cofactor CGI58 controls placental lipolysis. JCI Insight 2023; 8:168717. [PMID: 37212279 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.168717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In eutherians, the placenta plays a critical role in the uptake, storage, and metabolism of lipids. These processes govern the availability of fatty acids to the developing fetus, where inadequate supply has been associated with substandard fetal growth. Whereas lipid droplets are essential for the storage of neutral lipids in the placenta and many other tissues, the processes that regulate placental lipid droplet lipolysis remain largely unknown. To assess the role of triglyceride lipases and their cofactors in determining placental lipid droplet and lipid accumulation, we assessed the role of patatin like phospholipase domain containing 2 (PNPLA2) and comparative gene identification-58 (CGI58) in lipid droplet dynamics in the human and mouse placenta. While both proteins are expressed in the placenta, the absence of CGI58, not PNPLA2, markedly increased placental lipid and lipid droplet accumulation. These changes were reversed upon restoration of CGI58 levels selectively in the CGI58-deficient mouse placenta. Using co-immunoprecipitation, we found that, in addition to PNPLA2, PNPLA9 interacts with CGI58. PNPLA9 was dispensable for lipolysis in the mouse placenta yet contributed to lipolysis in human placental trophoblasts. Our findings establish a crucial role for CGI58 in placental lipid droplet dynamics and, by extension, in nutrient supply to the developing fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Guerrero-Santoro
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mayumi Morizane
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Soo-Young Oh
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Takuya Mishima
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Julie P Goff
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ibrahim Bildirici
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Elena Sadovsky
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yingshi Ouyang
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vladimir A Tyurin
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health
| | - Yulia Y Tyurina
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health
- Department of Chemistry
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology
- Department of Radiation Oncology; and
| | - Yoel Sadovsky
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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15
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Deprince A, Hennuyer N, Kooijman S, Pronk ACM, Baugé E, Lienard V, Verrijken A, Dirinck E, Vonghia L, Woitrain E, Kloosterhuis NJ, Marez E, Jacquemain P, Wolters JC, Lalloyer F, Eberlé D, Quemener S, Vallez E, Tailleux A, Kouach M, Goossens J, Raverdy V, Derudas B, Kuivenhoven JA, Croyal M, van de Sluis B, Francque S, Pattou F, Rensen PCN, Staels B, Haas JT. Apolipoprotein F is reduced in humans with steatosis and controls plasma triglyceride-rich lipoprotein metabolism. Hepatology 2023; 77:1287-1302. [PMID: 35735979 PMCID: PMC10026963 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NAFLD affects nearly 25% of the global population. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common cause of death among patients with NAFLD, in line with highly prevalent dyslipidemia in this population. Increased plasma triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoprotein (TRL) concentrations, an important risk factor for CVD, are closely linked with hepatic TG content. Therefore, it is of great interest to identify regulatory mechanisms of hepatic TRL production and remnant uptake in the setting of hepatic steatosis. APPROACH AND RESULTS To identify liver-regulated pathways linking intrahepatic and plasma TG metabolism, we performed transcriptomic analysis of liver biopsies from two independent cohorts of obese patients. Hepatic encoding apolipoprotein F ( APOF ) expression showed the fourth-strongest negatively correlation with hepatic steatosis and the strongest negative correlation with plasma TG levels. The effects of adenoviral-mediated human ApoF (hApoF) overexpression on plasma and hepatic TG were assessed in C57BL6/J mice. Surprisingly, hApoF overexpression increased both hepatic very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)-TG secretion and hepatic lipoprotein remnant clearance, associated a ~25% reduction in plasma TG levels. Conversely, reducing endogenous ApoF expression reduced VLDL secretion in vivo , and reduced hepatocyte VLDL uptake by ~15% in vitro . Transcriptomic analysis of APOF -overexpressing mouse livers revealed a gene signature related to enhanced ApoB-lipoprotein clearance, including increased expression of Ldlr and Lrp1 , among others. CONCLUSION These data reveal a previously undescribed role for ApoF in the control of plasma and hepatic lipoprotein metabolism by favoring VLDL-TG secretion and hepatic lipoprotein remnant particle clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Deprince
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011‐ EGID, Lille, France
| | - Nathalie Hennuyer
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011‐ EGID, Lille, France
| | - Sander Kooijman
- Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Amanda C. M. Pronk
- Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Baugé
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011‐ EGID, Lille, France
| | - Viktor Lienard
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011‐ EGID, Lille, France
| | - An Verrijken
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Eveline Dirinck
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Luisa Vonghia
- Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Eloïse Woitrain
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011‐ EGID, Lille, France
| | - Niels J. Kloosterhuis
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eléonore Marez
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011‐ EGID, Lille, France
| | - Pauline Jacquemain
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011‐ EGID, Lille, France
| | - Justina C. Wolters
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fanny Lalloyer
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011‐ EGID, Lille, France
| | - Delphine Eberlé
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011‐ EGID, Lille, France
| | - Sandrine Quemener
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011‐ EGID, Lille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Vallez
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011‐ EGID, Lille, France
| | - Anne Tailleux
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011‐ EGID, Lille, France
| | - Mostafa Kouach
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 7365‐GRITA‐Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, Lille, France
| | - Jean‐Francois Goossens
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 7365‐GRITA‐Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, Lille, France
| | - Violeta Raverdy
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1190 ‐ EGID, Lille, France
| | - Bruno Derudas
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011‐ EGID, Lille, France
| | - Jan Albert Kuivenhoven
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mikaël Croyal
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, SFR Santé, Inserm UMS 016, CNRS UMS 3556, Nantes, France
- CRNH‐Ouest Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Nantes, France
| | - Bart van de Sluis
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sven Francque
- Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - François Pattou
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1190 ‐ EGID, Lille, France
| | - Patrick C. N. Rensen
- Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Staels
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011‐ EGID, Lille, France
| | - Joel T. Haas
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011‐ EGID, Lille, France
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16
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Song Y, Shi X, Gao Z, Li R, Tian J, Cao X, Yang B, Zhao S, Yang Y. Acupoint Catgut Embedding Improves Lipid Metabolism in Exercise-Induced Fatigue Rats via the PPAR Signaling Pathway. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040558. [PMID: 36830344 PMCID: PMC9951690 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To improve the phenomenon of exercise-induced fatigue that often occurs during horse racing, we previously studied the improvement in exercise tolerance by acupoint catgut embedding preconditioning in an exercise-induced fatigue rat model. We found that acupoint catgut embedding pretreatment effectively improved animal exercise tolerance. Here, by combining transcriptomics and metabolomics, we aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms of this improvement. We used blood biochemical detection combined with ELISA to detect triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and glucose (GLU), arachidonic acid (AA), and free fatty acid (FFA) content and found that acupoint embedding can correct FFA, AA, TG, LDH, and AST in the blood. We used RT-qPCR to measure the expression of genes in tissue from the quadriceps femoris muscle. We found that solute carrier family 27 member 2 (Slc27a2), fatty acid binding protein 1 (Fabp1), apolipoprotein C3 (Apoc3), and lipoprotein lipase (Lpl) genes in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway were important. The regulation of lipid metabolism through the PPAR signaling pathway was important for improving the exercise endurance of rats in our exercise-induced fatigue model. Therefore, we conclude that acupoint catgut embedding can not only promote body fat decomposition and reduce lactic acid accumulation but also promote the repair of tissue damage and liver damage caused by exercise fatigue. Acupoint catgut embedding regulates the PPAR signaling pathway by upregulating Lpl expression and downregulating Slc27a2, Fabp1, and Apoc3 expression to further improve body fat metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Song
- College of Veterinary, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Veterinary Research Institute, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China
| | - Xiaoyu Shi
- College of Veterinary, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Zhenzhen Gao
- College of Veterinary, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Ran Li
- College of Veterinary, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Jiamin Tian
- College of Veterinary, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Xiaodong Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Veterinary Research Institute, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China
| | - Shihua Zhao
- Veterinary Research Institute, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China
| | - Ying Yang
- College of Veterinary, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Correspondence:
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17
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Liu Y, Wu A, Mo R, Zhou Q, Song L, Li Z, Zhao H, Fang Z, Lin Y, Xu S, Feng B, Zhuo Y, Wu D, Che L. Dietary lysolecithin supplementation improves growth performance of weaned piglets via improving nutrients absorption, lipid metabolism, and redox status. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad293. [PMID: 37668533 PMCID: PMC10541851 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysolecithin is widely used as emulsifier to improve the digestibility and retention of fat. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary lysolecithin supplementation on growth performance, nutrients absorption, lipid metabolism, and redox status of weaned pigs. A total of 60 weaned piglets were assigned into 2 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design, receiving basal diet with 0 or 1,000 mg/kg lysolecithin for a period of 28 d. Each dietary treatment had 10 replicates with 3 piglets per replicate. Growth performance and fecal score were monitored during trial. Samples of blood, ileum, and liver tissues were collected and analyzed for serology, intestinal histomorphology, and lipid metabolism-related gene and protein expressions. Dietary lysolecithin supplementation increased average daily gain (+15%, P < 0.05) and tended to increase average daily feed intake (+14%, P = 0.08) in overall experimental period. At final, the average body weight of piglets in lysolecithin group was 10% greater than that of control group (P = 0.09). In addition, dietary lysolecithin supplementation improved the ability of nutrients absorption as indicated by the higher d-xylose level in plasma (P < 0.05). Moreover, piglets from lysolecithin group had higher concentration of high-density lipoprotein (P < 0.05), but lower triglyceride (P < 0.05) in plasma. The inclusion of lysolecithin in diet increased the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) and GSH to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio in plasma and liver (P < 0.05), but attenuated the levels of malondialdehyde and GSSG in ileum (P < 0.05). The upregulation of lipogenesis-related genes (FAS and ACC), downregulation of lipolysis (PNPLA2 and PABP1), and lipid mobilization (PGC-1α and SRIT1) genes were observed in lysolecithin relative to control piglets. Compared with control group, dietary lysolecithin supplementation upregulated protein expressions of GPX4, SREBP1, and LPL in liver and LPL in ileum (P < 0.05). Collectively, our study indicates that dietary lysolecithin supplementation improved growth performance of weaned piglets, which may be associated with the improved nutrients absorption, redox status, and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Aimin Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Ruixia Mo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Lianghui Song
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Kemin (China) Technologies Co., Ltd., Sanzao, Zhuhai 519040, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - De Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
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18
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Chen S, Huang X. Cytosolic lipolysis in non-adipose tissues: energy provision and beyond. FEBS J 2022; 289:7385-7398. [PMID: 34407292 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cytosolic lipolysis is a well-defined biochemical process that plays important roles in the mobilization of stored neutral lipids. Lipid turnover, regulated by cytosolic lipolysis, has been extensively studied in adipose tissue, liver, and muscle. The storage and utilization of neutral lipids is a basic function of most, if not all, tissues and cells. In this review, we focus on the functions of cytosolic lipolysis mainly in non-adipose tissues and in several physiological processes, including cancer, longevity, and pathogen infection. The mechanisms underlying the impact of cytosolic lipolysis on these events will be discussed. Detailed understanding of cytosolic lipolysis in both adipose and non-adipose tissues will have implications for future clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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19
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Guo X, Zhou Y, Gu C, Wu Y, Liu H, Chang Q, Lei B, Wang M. Characteristics and Classification of Choroidal Caverns in Patients with Various Retinal and Chorioretinal Diseases. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11236994. [PMID: 36498569 PMCID: PMC9740557 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11236994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the features of choroidal caverns in diverse retinal diseases with swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). METHODS Subjects with normal eyes, retinitis pigmentosa (RP), wet age-related macular degeneration (wAMD), acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC), or chronic CSC were enrolled. The characteristics of choroidal caverns were evaluated with SS-OCT. The prevalence of choroidal caverns in retinal diseases and the correlations between the number, width and depth of choroidal caverns with the thickness of choroid were analyzed. RESULTS Among 315 eyes of 220 subjects, choroidal caverns were found in 110 eyes (34.9%). Choroidal caverns were divided into two categories based on their location and size. Type I was small and usually lobulated, presented in the choroidal capillary and Sattler's layers. Type II was larger, usually isolated, and presented in the Sattler's and Haller's layers. The prevalence of type I in subjects with normal eyes, RP, wAMD, acute CSC, or chronic CSC was 17.4%, 19.6%, 1.6%, 32.8%, and 85.2%, respectively, while that of type II was 0%, 0%, 21.3%, 13.8%, and 53.7%, respectively. The number, width, and thickness of type II choroidal caverns correlated positively with macular choroidal thickness. CONCLUSIONS Choroidal caverns could be divided into two categories. Type II choroidal caverns appeared associated with the pachychoroid spectrum and RPE atrophic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Guo
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Yao Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Chenyang Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yingjie Wu
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Qing Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Bo Lei
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (M.W.)
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (M.W.)
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20
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Quantitative Phase Imaging Detecting the Hypoxia-Induced Patterns in Healthy and Neoplastic Human Colonic Epithelial Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223599. [PMID: 36429026 PMCID: PMC9688862 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a frequent phenomenon during carcinogenesis and may lead to functional and structural changes in proliferating cancer cells. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common neoplasms in which hypoxia is associated with progression. The aim of this study was to assess the optical parameters and microanatomy of CRC and the normal intestinal epithelium cells using the digital holotomography (DHT) method. The examination was conducted on cancer (HT-29, LoVo) and normal colonic cells (CCD-18Co) cultured in normoxic and hypoxic environments. The assessment included optical parameters such as the refractive index (RI) and dry mass as well as the morphological features. Hypoxia decreased the RI in all cells as well as in their cytoplasm, nucleus, and nucleoli. The opposite tendency was noted for spheroid-vesicular structures, where the RI was higher for the hypoxic state. The total volume of hypoxic CCD-18Co and LoVo cells was decreased, while an increase in this parameter was observed for HT-29 cells. Hypoxia increased the radius and cell volume, including the dry mass of the vesicular content. The changes in the optics and morphology of hypoxic cells may suggest the possibility of using DHT in the detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs).
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21
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Wen Y, Chen YQ, Konrad RJ. The Regulation of Triacylglycerol Metabolism and Lipoprotein Lipase Activity. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2022; 6:e2200093. [PMID: 35676229 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Triacylglycerol (TG) metabolism is tightly regulated to maintain a pool of TG within circulating lipoproteins that can be hydrolyzed in a tissue-specific manner by lipoprotein lipase (LPL) to enable the delivery of fatty acids to adipose or oxidative tissues as needed. Elevated serum TG concentrations, which result from a deficiency of LPL activity or, more commonly, an imbalance in the regulation of tissue-specific LPL activities, have been associated with an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease through multiple studies. Among the most critical LPL regulators are the angiopoietin-like (ANGPTL) proteins ANGPTL3, ANGPTL4, and ANGPTL8, and a number of different apolipoproteins including apolipoprotein A5 (ApoA5), apolipoprotein C2 (ApoC2), and apolipoprotein C3 (ApoC3). These ANGPTLs and apolipoproteins work together to orchestrate LPL activity and therefore play pivotal roles in TG partitioning, hydrolysis, and utilization. This review summarizes the mechanisms of action, epidemiological findings, and genetic data most relevant to these ANGPTLs and apolipoproteins. The interplay between these important regulators of TG metabolism in both fasted and fed states is highlighted with a holistic view toward understanding key concepts and interactions. Strategies for developing safe and effective therapeutics to reduce circulating TG by selectively targeting these ANGPTLs and apolipoproteins are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wen
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Yan Q Chen
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Robert J Konrad
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
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22
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Shi ZH, Zhao Z, Liu LZ, Bian XL, Zhang Y. Pore-forming protein βγ-CAT promptly responses to fasting with capacity to deliver macromolecular nutrients. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22533. [PMID: 36065711 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200528r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
During animal fasting, the nutrient supply and metabolism switch from carbohydrates to a new reliance on the catabolism of energy-dense lipid stores. Assembled under tight regulation, βγ-CAT (a complex of non-lens βγ-crystallin and trefoil factor) is a pore-forming protein and trefoil factor complex identified in toad Bombina maxima. Here, we determined that this protein complex is a constitutive component in toad blood, that actively responds to the animal fasting. The protein complex was able to promote cellular albumin and albumin-bound fatty acid (FA) uptake in a variety of epithelial and endothelial cells, and the effects were attenuated by a macropinocytosis inhibitor. Endothelial cell-derived exosomes containing largely enriched albumin and FAs, called nutrisomes, were released in the presence of βγ-CAT. These specific nutrient vesicles were readily taken up by starved myoblast cells to support their survival. The results uncovered that pore-forming protein βγ-CAT is a fasting responsive element able to drive cell vesicular import and export of macromolecular nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Zhong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ling-Zhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Xian-Ling Bian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,School of Life Science, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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23
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Marcoux C, Morin R, Mauger JF, Imbeault P. The Effect of Acute Intermittent and Continuous Hypoxia on Plasma Circulating ßOHB Levels Under Different Feeding Statuses in Humans. Front Physiol 2022; 13:937127. [PMID: 35874514 PMCID: PMC9298782 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.937127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Acute hypoxia is known to increase circulating nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels. Adipose tissue lipolysis is a major source of NEFA into circulation and insulin suppresses this process when the tissue is insulin sensitive. NEFA can be esterified to triglycerides and/or completely/partially oxidized, the latter leading to ketogenesis in the liver. To our knowledge, the effect of hypoxia on ketogenesis, more specifically ß-hydroxybutyrate (ßOHB) levels, remains unknown in humans. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of acute intermittent and continuous hypoxia on circulating ßOHB levels under different feeding status. Methods: Plasma samples from three different randomized crossover studies were assessed for ßOHB concentrations. In the first study, 14 healthy men (23 ± 3.5 years) were exposed to 6 h of normoxia or intermittent hypoxia (IH-Fed) (15 hypoxic events/hour) following an isocaloric meal. In the second study, 10 healthy men (26 ± 5.6 years) were exposed to 6 h of continuous normobaric hypoxia (CH-Fasted) (FiO2 = 0.12) or normoxia in the fasting state. In the third study (CH-Fed), 9 healthy men (24 ± 4.5 years) were exposed to 6 h of normoxia or CH in a constant prandial state. ßOHB, NEFA and insulin levels were measured during all sessions. Results: In the IH-Fed study, ßOHB and NEFA levels tended to be greater over 6 h of IH (condition × time interaction, ßOHB p = 0.108 and NEFA p = 0.062) compared to normoxia. In the CH-Fasted study, ßOHB and NEFA levels increased over time in both experimental conditions, this effect being greater under CH (condition × time interaction, ßOHB p = 0.070; NEFA p = 0.046). In the CH-Fed study, ßOHB levels slightly increased up to 180 min before falling back to initial concentrations by the end of the protocol in both normoxia and CH (main effect of time, p = 0.062), while NEFA were significantly higher under CH (p = 0.006). Conclusion: Acute normobaric hypoxia exposure tends to increase plasma ßOHB concentrations over time in healthy men. The stimulating effect of hypoxia on plasma ßOHB levels is however attenuated during postprandial and prandial states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Marcoux
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Renée Morin
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jean-François Mauger
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Pascal Imbeault
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Institut du Savoir Montfort, Hôpital Montfort, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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24
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Zhang BH, Yin F, Qiao YN, Guo SD. Triglyceride and Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins in Atherosclerosis. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:909151. [PMID: 35693558 PMCID: PMC9174947 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.909151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still the leading cause of death globally, and atherosclerosis is the main pathological basis of CVDs. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a strong causal factor of atherosclerosis. However, the first-line lipid-lowering drugs, statins, only reduce approximately 30% of the CVD risk. Of note, atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) cannot be eliminated in a great number of patients even their LDL-C levels meet the recommended clinical goals. Previously, whether the elevated plasma level of triglyceride is causally associated with ASCVD has been controversial. Recent genetic and epidemiological studies have demonstrated that triglyceride and triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TGRL) are the main causal risk factors of the residual ASCVD. TGRLs and their metabolites can promote atherosclerosis via modulating inflammation, oxidative stress, and formation of foam cells. In this article, we will make a short review of TG and TGRL metabolism, display evidence of association between TG and ASCVD, summarize the atherogenic factors of TGRLs and their metabolites, and discuss the current findings and advances in TG-lowering therapies. This review provides information useful for the researchers in the field of CVD as well as for pharmacologists and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ya-Nan Qiao
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Shou-Dong Guo
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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25
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Liang H, Yan J, Song K. Comprehensive lipidomic analysis reveals regulation of glyceride metabolism in rat visceral adipose tissue by high-altitude chronic hypoxia. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267513. [PMID: 35522648 PMCID: PMC9075645 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue plays a central role in energy substrate homeostasis and is a key regulator of lipid flow throughout these processes. As hypoxia affects lipid metabolism in adipose tissue, we aimed to investigate the effects of high-altitude chronic hypoxia on lipid metabolism in the adipose tissue of rats using a lipidomic analysis approach. Visceral adipose tissues from rats housed in a high-altitude hypoxia environment representing 4,300 m with 14.07% oxygen (hypoxia group) and from rats housed in a low-altitude normoxia environment representing 41 m with 20.95% oxygen (normoxia group) for 8 weeks were analyzed using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-Orbitrap mass spectrometry system. After 8 weeks, the body weight and visceral adipose tissue weight of the hypoxia group were significantly decreased compared to those of the normoxia group (p < 0.05). The area and diameter of visceral adipose cells in the hypoxia group were significantly smaller than those of visceral adipose cells in the normoxia group (p < 0.05). The results of lipidomic analysis showed a total of 21 lipid classes and 819 lipid species. The total lipid concentration of the hypoxia group was lower than that in the normoxia group (p < 0.05). Concentrations of diacylglycerols and triacylglycerols in the hypoxia group were significantly lower than those in the normoxia group (p < 0.05). Using univariate and multivariate analyses, we identified 74 lipids that were significantly altered between the normoxia and hypoxia groups. These results demonstrate that high-altitude chronic hypoxia changes the metabolism of visceral adipose glycerides, which may potentially modulate other metabolic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, PR, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Cardiovascular Medicine Department, Xuzhou Medical University affiliated Hospital, Xuzhou, PR China
| | - Kang Song
- Endocrinology Department, Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital, Xining, PR, China
- Qinghai University affiliated Provincial People’s Hospital, Xining, PR, China
- * E-mail:
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26
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Grabner GF, Guttenberger N, Mayer N, Migglautsch-Sulzer AK, Lembacher-Fadum C, Fawzy N, Bulfon D, Hofer P, Züllig T, Hartig L, Kulminskaya N, Chalhoub G, Schratter M, Radner FPW, Preiss-Landl K, Masser S, Lass A, Zechner R, Gruber K, Oberer M, Breinbauer R, Zimmermann R. Small-Molecule Inhibitors Targeting Lipolysis in Human Adipocytes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:6237-6250. [PMID: 35362954 PMCID: PMC9011347 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Chronically elevated
circulating fatty acid levels promote lipid
accumulation in nonadipose tissues and cause lipotoxicity. Adipose
triglyceride lipase (ATGL) critically determines the release of fatty
acids from white adipose tissue, and accumulating evidence suggests
that inactivation of ATGL has beneficial effects on lipotoxicity-driven
disorders including insulin resistance, steatohepatitis, and heart
disease, classifying ATGL as a promising drug target. Here, we report
on the development and biological characterization of the first small-molecule
inhibitor of human ATGL. This inhibitor, designated NG-497, selectively
inactivates human and nonhuman primate ATGL but not structurally and
functionally related lipid hydrolases. We demonstrate that NG-497
abolishes lipolysis in human adipocytes in a dose-dependent and reversible
manner. The combined analysis of mouse- and human-selective inhibitors,
chimeric ATGL proteins, and homology models revealed detailed insights
into enzyme–inhibitor interactions. NG-497 binds ATGL within
a hydrophobic cavity near the active site. Therein, three amino acid
residues determine inhibitor efficacy and species selectivity and
thus provide the molecular scaffold for selective inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gernot F Grabner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Nikolaus Guttenberger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Nicole Mayer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | | | | | - Nermeen Fawzy
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Dominik Bulfon
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Hofer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Züllig
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Lennart Hartig
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Natalia Kulminskaya
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gabriel Chalhoub
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Margarita Schratter
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Franz P W Radner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Karina Preiss-Landl
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sarah Masser
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Achim Lass
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Zechner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/2, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioHealth Field of Excellence, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 3, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Karl Gruber
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/2, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioHealth Field of Excellence, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 3, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Monika Oberer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/2, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioHealth Field of Excellence, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 3, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Rolf Breinbauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Robert Zimmermann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 31/2, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/2, 8010 Graz, Austria.,BioHealth Field of Excellence, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 3, 8010 Graz, Austria
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27
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Thiemann E, Schwaerzer GK, Evangelakos I, Fuh MM, Jaeckstein MY, Behrens J, Nilsson SK, Kumari M, Scheja L, Pfeifer A, Heeren J, Heine M. Role of Endothelial Cell Lipoprotein Lipase for Brown Adipose Tissue Lipid and Glucose Handling. Front Physiol 2022; 13:859671. [PMID: 35422714 PMCID: PMC9002057 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.859671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold-induced activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) has an important impact on systemic lipoprotein metabolism by accelerating the processing of circulating triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL). Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) expressed by adipocytes is translocated via endothelial to the capillary lumen, where LPL acts as the central enzyme for the vascular lipoprotein processing. Based on preliminary data showing that LPL is not only expressed in adipocytes but also in endothelial cells of cold-activated BAT, we aimed to dissect the relevance of endothelial versus adipocyte LPL for lipid and energy metabolism in the context of adaptive thermogenesis. By metabolic studies we found that cold-induced triglyceride uptake into BAT, lipoprotein disposal, glucose uptake and adaptive thermogenesis were not impaired in mice lacking Lpl exclusively in endothelial cells. This finding may be explained by a compensatory upregulation in the expression of adipocyte-derived Lpl and endothelial lipase (Lipg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Thiemann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerburg K. Schwaerzer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ioannis Evangelakos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marceline M. Fuh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michelle Y. Jaeckstein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Janina Behrens
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan K. Nilsson
- Department of Medical Biosciences/Physiological Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Manju Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ludger Scheja
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Pfeifer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Joerg Heeren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Heine
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Markus Heine,
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28
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Dickson E, Soylu-Kucharz R, Petersén Å, Björkqvist M. Hypothalamic expression of huntingtin causes distinct metabolic changes in Huntington's disease mice. Mol Metab 2022; 57:101439. [PMID: 35007790 PMCID: PMC8814380 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In Huntington's disease (HD), the disease-causing huntingtin (HTT) protein is ubiquitously expressed and causes both central and peripheral pathology. In clinical HD, a higher body mass index has been associated with slower disease progression, indicating the role of metabolic changes in disease pathogenesis. Underlying mechanisms of metabolic changes in HD remain poorly understood, but recent studies suggest the involvement of hypothalamic dysfunction. The present study aimed to investigate whether modulation of hypothalamic HTT levels would affect metabolic phenotype and disease features in HD using mouse models. METHODS We used the R6/2 and BACHD mouse models that express different lengths of mutant HTT to develop lean- and obese phenotypes, respectively. We utilized adeno-associated viral vectors to overexpress either mutant or wild-type HTT in the hypothalamus of R6/2, BACHD, and their wild-type littermates. The metabolic phenotype was assessed by body weight measurements over time and body composition analysis using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry at the endpoint. R6/2 mice were further characterized using behavioral analyses, including rotarod, nesting-, and hindlimb clasping tests during early- and late-time points of disease progression. Finally, gene expression analysis was performed in R6/2 mice and wild-type littermates in order to assess transcriptional changes in the hypothalamus and adipose tissue. RESULTS Hypothalamic overexpression of mutant HTT induced significant gender-affected body weight gain in all models, including wild-type mice. In R6/2 females, early weight gain shifted to weight loss during the corresponding late stage of disease despite increased fat accumulation. Body weight changes were accompanied by behavioral alterations. During the period of early weight gain, R6/2 mice displayed a comparable locomotor capacity to wild-type mice. When assessing behavior just prior to weight loss onset in R6/2 mice, decreased locomotor performance was observed in R6/2 females with hypothalamic overexpression of mutant HTT. Transcriptional downregulation of beta-3 adrenergic receptor (B3AR), adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) in gonadal white adipose tissue was accompanied by distinct alterations in hypothalamic gene expression profiles in R6/2 females after mutant HTT overexpression. No significant effect on metabolic phenotype in R6/2 was seen in response to wild-type HTT overexpression. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our findings provide further support for the role of HTT in metabolic control via hypothalamic neurocircuits. Understanding the specific central neurocircuits and their peripheral link underlying metabolic imbalance in HD may open up avenues for novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elna Dickson
- Brain Disease Biomarker Unit, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC A10, 221 84 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Rana Soylu-Kucharz
- Brain Disease Biomarker Unit, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC A10, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Åsa Petersén
- Translational Neuroendocrine Research Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC D11, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Björkqvist
- Brain Disease Biomarker Unit, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC A10, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
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29
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Influence of emulsified plant oil composition on growth and biopolymer production of Cupriavidus necator DSM 545. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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30
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Dubińska-Magiera M, Lewandowski D, Cysewski D, Pawlak S, Najbar B, Daczewska M. Lipid droplets in skeletal muscle during grass snake (Natrix natrix L.) development. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159086. [PMID: 34822977 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are common organelles observed in Eucaryota. They are multifunctional organelles (involved in lipid storage, metabolism, and trafficking) that originate from endoplasmic reticulum (ER). LDs consist of a neutral lipid core, made up of diacyl- and triacylglycerols (DAGs and TAGs) and cholesterol esters (CEs), surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer and proteins, which are necessary for their structure and dynamics. Here, we report the protein and lipid composition as well as characterization and dynamics of grass snake (Natrix natrix) skeletal muscle LDs at different developmental stages. In the present study, we used detailed morphometric, LC-MS, quantitative lipidomic analyses of LDs isolated from the skeletal muscles of the snake embryos, immunofluorescence, and TEM. Our study also provides a valuable insight concerning the LDs' multifunctionality and ability to interact with a variety of organelles. These LD features are reflected in their proteome composition, which contains scaffold proteins, metabolic enzymes signalling polypeptides, proteins necessary for the formation of docking sites, and many others. We also provide insights into the biogenesis and growth of muscle LDs goes beyond the conventional mechanism based on the synthesis and incorporation of TAGs and LD fusion. We assume that the formation and functioning of grass snake muscle LDs are based on additional mechanisms that have not yet been identified, which could be related to the unique features of reptiles that are manifested in the after-hatching period of life, such as a reptile-specific strategy for energy saving during hibernation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Dubińska-Magiera
- Department of Animal Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Damian Lewandowski
- Department of Animal Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Dominik Cysewski
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, IBB PAS, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Seweryn Pawlak
- Department of Animal Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Najbar
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Góra, Szafrana 1, 65-516 Zielona Góra 1, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Daczewska
- Department of Animal Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335 Wrocław, Poland
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Sihag J, Di Marzo V. (Wh)olistic (E)ndocannabinoidome-Microbiome-Axis Modulation through (N)utrition (WHEN) to Curb Obesity and Related Disorders. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:9. [PMID: 35027074 PMCID: PMC8759188 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01609-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of the endocannabinoidome (eCBome) is evolving gradually with yet to be elucidated functional lipid mediators and receptors. The diet modulates these bioactive lipids and the gut microbiome, both working in an entwined alliance. Mounting evidence suggests that, in different ways and with a certain specialisation, lipid signalling mediators such as N-acylethanolamines (NAEs), 2-monoacylglycerols (2-MAGs), and N-acyl-amino acids (NAAs), along with endocannabinoids (eCBs), can modulate physiological mechanisms underpinning appetite, food intake, macronutrient metabolism, pain sensation, blood pressure, mood, cognition, and immunity. This knowledge has been primarily utilised in pharmacology and medicine to develop many drugs targeting the fine and specific molecular pathways orchestrating eCB and eCBome activity. Conversely, the contribution of dietary NAEs, 2-MAGs and eCBs to the biological functions of these molecules has been little studied. In this review, we discuss the importance of (Wh) olistic (E)ndocannabinoidome-Microbiome-Axis Modulation through (N) utrition (WHEN), in the management of obesity and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Sihag
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Laval, Quebec, Canada.
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Laval, Quebec, Canada.
- Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), University of Laval, Quebec, Canada.
- University Institute of Cardiology and Pneumology, Quebec, Canada.
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF) and Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), University of Laval, Quebec, Canada.
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India.
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Laval, Quebec, Canada.
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Laval, Quebec, Canada.
- Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), University of Laval, Quebec, Canada.
- University Institute of Cardiology and Pneumology, Quebec, Canada.
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF) and Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), University of Laval, Quebec, Canada.
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry of the National Research Council (ICB-CNR), Naples, Italy.
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Naples, Italy.
- Joint International Research Unit between the Italian National Research Council (CNR) and University of Laval, for Chemical and Biomolecular Research on the Microbiome and its impact on Metabolic Health and Nutrition (UMI-MicroMeNu), Quebec, Canada.
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Parra-Peralbo E, Talamillo A, Barrio R. Origin and Development of the Adipose Tissue, a Key Organ in Physiology and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:786129. [PMID: 34993199 PMCID: PMC8724577 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.786129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a dynamic organ, well known for its function in energy storage and mobilization according to nutrient availability and body needs, in charge of keeping the energetic balance of the organism. During the last decades, adipose tissue has emerged as the largest endocrine organ in the human body, being able to secrete hormones as well as inflammatory molecules and having an important impact in multiple processes such as adipogenesis, metabolism and chronic inflammation. However, the cellular progenitors, development, homeostasis and metabolism of the different types of adipose tissue are not fully known. During the last decade, Drosophila melanogaster has demonstrated to be an excellent model to tackle some of the open questions in the field of metabolism and development of endocrine/metabolic organs. Discoveries ranged from new hormones regulating obesity to subcellular mechanisms that regulate lipogenesis and lipolysis. Here, we review the available evidences on the development, types and functions of adipose tissue in Drosophila and identify some gaps for future research. This may help to understand the cellular and molecular mechanism underlying the pathophysiology of this fascinating key tissue, contributing to establish this organ as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Talamillo
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC BioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - Rosa Barrio
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC BioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
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Kratz D, Sens A, Schäfer SMG, Hahnefeld L, Geisslinger G, Thomas D, Gurke R. Pre-analytical challenges for the quantification of endocannabinoids in human serum. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1190:123102. [PMID: 35026652 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Endocannabinoids (ECs) are potent lipid mediators with high physiological relevance. They are involved in a wide variety of diseases like depression or multiple sclerosis and are closely connected to metabolic parameters in humans. Therefore, their suitability as a biomarker in different (patho-)physiological conditions is discussed intensively and predominantly investigated by analyzing systemic concentrations in easily accessible matrices like blood. Carefully designed pre-analytical sample handling is of major importance for high-quality data, but harmonization is not achieved yet. Whole blood is either processed to serum or plasma before the onset of analytical workflows and while knowledge about pre-analytical challenges in plasma handling is thorough they were not systematically investigated for serum. Therefore, the ECs AEA and 2-AG, and closely related EC-like substances 1-AG, DHEA, and PEA were examined by LC-MS/MS in serum samples of nine healthy volunteers employing different pre-analytical sample handling protocols, including prolonged coagulation, and storage after centrifugation at room temperature (RT) or on ice. Furthermore, all analytes were also assessed in plasma samples obtained from the same individuals at the same time points to investigate the comparability between those two blood-based matrices regarding obtained concentrations and their 2-AG/1-AG ratio. This study shows that ECs and EC-like substances in serum samples were significantly higher than in plasma and are especially prone to ex vivo changes during initial and prolonged storage for coagulation at RT. Storage on ice after centrifugation is less critical. However, storage at RT further increases 1-AG and 2-AG concentrations, while also lowering the already reduced 2-AG/1-AG ratio due to isomerization. Thus, avoidance of prolonged processing at RT can increase data quality if serum as the matrix of choice is unavoidable. However, serum preparation in itself is expected to initiate changes of physiological concentrations as standard precautionary measures like fast and cooled processing can only be utilized by using plasma, which should be the preferred matrix for analyses of ECs and EC-like substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kratz
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital of Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - A Sens
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital of Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - S M G Schäfer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), and Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - L Hahnefeld
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital of Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), and Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - G Geisslinger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital of Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), and Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - D Thomas
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital of Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), and Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - R Gurke
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital of Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), and Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Kovrov O, Landfors F, Saar-Kovrov V, Näslund U, Olivecrona G. Lipoprotein size is a main determinant for the rate of hydrolysis by exogenous LPL in human plasma. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100144. [PMID: 34710432 PMCID: PMC8953621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
LPL is a key player in plasma triglyceride metabolism. Consequently, LPL is regulated by several proteins during synthesis, folding, secretion, and transport to its site of action at the luminal side of capillaries, as well as during the catalytic reaction. Some proteins are well known, whereas others have been identified but are still not fully understood. We set out to study the effects of the natural variations in the plasma levels of all known LPL regulators on the activity of purified LPL added to samples of fasted plasma taken from 117 individuals. The enzymatic activity was measured at 25°C using isothermal titration calorimetry. This method allows quantification of the ability of an added fixed amount of exogenous LPL to hydrolyze triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in plasma samples by measuring the heat produced. Our results indicate that, under the conditions used, the normal variation in the endogenous levels of apolipoprotein C1, C2, and C3 or the levels of angiopoietin-like proteins 3, 4, and 8 in the fasted plasma samples had no significant effect on the recorded activity of the added LPL. Instead, the key determinant for the LPL activity was a lipid signature strongly correlated to the average size of the VLDL particles. The signature involved not only several lipoprotein and plasma lipid parameters but also apolipoprotein A5 levels. While the measurements cannot fully represent the action of LPL when attached to the capillary wall, our study provides knowledge on the interindividual variation of LPL lipolysis rates in human plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Kovrov
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Landfors
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Valeria Saar-Kovrov
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Pathology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases MUMC+, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ulf Näslund
- Heart Centre and Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Miyauchi H, Hirano KI, Nakano Y, Shimada K, Nishikawa M, Yamamoto H, Nakamura A, Miyake A, Aoshima C, Fujimoto S, Nakatani D, Yamada T, Amano T, Nakajima K. 123I-BMIPP Scintigraphy Shows That CNT-01 (Tricaprin) Improves Myocardial Lipolysis in Patients with Idiopathic Triglyceride Deposit Cardiomyovasculopathy: First Randomized Controlled, Exploratory Trial for TGCV. ANNALS OF NUCLEAR CARDIOLOGY 2022; 8:67-75. [PMID: 36540180 PMCID: PMC9749752 DOI: 10.17996/anc.22-00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Background: Triglyceride deposit cardiomyovasculopathy (TGCV) is a rare intractable cardiovascular disorder (Orphanet ORPHAcode: 565612) in which defective intracellular lipolysis results in heart failure and coronary artery disease. Myocardial scintigraphy with 123I-β-methyl-p-iodophenylpentadecanoic acid (BMIPP) is useful to evaluate myocardial TG metabolism; its washout rate (WR) reflects myocardial lipolysis. This study reports the effects of CNT-01 (tricaprin), a developing orphan drug to facilitate lipolysis, on BMIPP-WR in patients with TGCV. Methods: An investigator-initiated, multicenter, randomized, double-blind exploratory, trial (Phase IIa) was conducted (UMIN000035403). Seventeen patients with idiopathic TGCV were orally administered 1.5 g/day of CNT-01 or placebo for 8 weeks. Endpoints included delta BMIPP-WR and clinical parameters such as 6-minwalk distance and TGCV severity score. Results: During the protocol, delta BMIPP-WRs were -0.26±3.28 and 7.08±3.28% (95% confidence intervals, -7.36 to 6.84 and -0.01 to 14.18) in the placebo and CNT-01 groups, respectively. The baseline-adjusted difference of delta BMIPP-WR between the two groups was significant (p=0.035) after one patient was excluded from the placebo group because of pseudonormalization of BMIPP-WR related to coronary bypass graft stenosis. Clinical parameters did not show significant changes. Conclusions: This study proved the mechanism of CNT-01 to improve myocardial lipolysis in TGCV, as demonstrated by BMIPP scintigraphy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Miyauchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Hirano
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Novel, Non-invasive, and Nutritional Therapeutics (CNT) and Triglyceride Research Center (TGRC), Department of Triglyceride Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakano
- Department of Cardiology, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazunori Shimada
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hiroyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Narita-Tomisato Tokushukai Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ayumi Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacy, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Medical Innovation, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akimitsu Miyake
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chihiro Aoshima
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Fujimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisaku Nakatani
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomomi Yamada
- Department of Medical Innovation, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Amano
- Department of Cardiology, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kenichi Nakajima
- Department of Functional Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
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Bottermann K, Kalfhues L, Nederlof R, Hemmers A, Leitner LM, Oenarto V, Nemmer J, Pfeffer M, Raje V, Deenen R, Petzsch P, Zabri H, Köhrer K, Reichert AS, Grandoch M, Fischer JW, Herebian D, Stegbauer J, Harris TE, Gödecke A. Cardiomyocyte p38 MAPKα suppresses a heart-adipose tissue-neutrophil crosstalk in heart failure development. Basic Res Cardiol 2022; 117:48. [PMID: 36205817 PMCID: PMC9542472 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-022-00955-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Although p38 MAP Kinase α (p38 MAPKα) is generally accepted to play a central role in the cardiac stress response, to date its function in maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy is still not unambiguously defined. To induce a pathological type of cardiac hypertrophy we infused angiotensin II (AngII) for 2 days via osmotic mini pumps in control and tamoxifen-inducible, cardiomyocyte (CM)-specific p38 MAPKα KO mice (iCMp38αKO) and assessed cardiac function by echocardiography, complemented by transcriptomic, histological, and immune cell analysis. AngII treatment after inactivation of p38 MAPKα in CM results in left ventricular (LV) dilatation within 48 h (EDV: BL: 83.8 ± 22.5 µl, 48 h AngII: 109.7 ± 14.6 µl) and an ectopic lipid deposition in cardiomyocytes, reflecting a metabolic dysfunction in pressure overload (PO). This was accompanied by a concerted downregulation of transcripts for oxidative phosphorylation, TCA cycle, and fatty acid metabolism. Cardiac inflammation involving neutrophils, macrophages, B- and T-cells was significantly enhanced. Inhibition of adipose tissue lipolysis by the small molecule inhibitor of adipocytetriglyceride lipase (ATGL) Atglistatin reduced cardiac lipid accumulation by 70% and neutrophil infiltration by 30% and went along with an improved cardiac function. Direct targeting of neutrophils by means of anti Ly6G-antibody administration in vivo led to a reduced LV dilation in iCMp38αKO mice and an improved systolic function (EF: 39.27 ± 14%). Thus, adipose tissue lipolysis and CM lipid accumulation augmented cardiac inflammation in iCMp38αKO mice. Neutrophils, in particular, triggered the rapid left ventricular dilatation. We provide the first evidence that p38 MAPKα acts as an essential switch in cardiac adaptation to PO by mitigating metabolic dysfunction and inflammation. Moreover, we identified a heart-adipose tissue-immune cell crosstalk, which might serve as new therapeutic target in cardiac pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Bottermann
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Postfach 101007, 40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Postfach 101007, 40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lisa Kalfhues
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Postfach 101007, 40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rianne Nederlof
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Postfach 101007, 40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anne Hemmers
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Postfach 101007, 40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lucia M Leitner
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Postfach 101007, 40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Vici Oenarto
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Postfach 101007, 40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jana Nemmer
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Postfach 101007, 40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mirjam Pfeffer
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Postfach 101007, 40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Vidisha Raje
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Rene Deenen
- Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Patrick Petzsch
- Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Heba Zabri
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Postfach 101007, 40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl Köhrer
- Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas S Reichert
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Postfach 101007, 40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maria Grandoch
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Postfach 101007, 40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jens W Fischer
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Postfach 101007, 40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
- CARID-Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Diran Herebian
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Postfach 101007, 40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Johannes Stegbauer
- Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Postfach 101007, 40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thurl E Harris
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Axel Gödecke
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Postfach 101007, 40001, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- CARID-Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany.
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Al-Samawi RI, Smaism MF. Association of the lipoprotein lipase and Apolipoprotein C-II gene polymorphisms with risk of dyslipidemia in smokers and non-smokers male. Indian Heart J 2021; 74:45-50. [PMID: 34921821 PMCID: PMC8891001 DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Dyslipidaemia is considered a metabolic abnormality andan important risk factor that leads to atherogenic cardiovascular diseases. Cigarette smoking is associated with dyslipidaemia. This study aimed to demonstrate whether lipoprotein lipase enzyme (LPL) and Apolipoprotein CII (APOCII) gene polymorphisms can be considered as independent genetic risk factors for dyslipidaemia among smokers with various smoking durations. Methods A total of 185 males (90 smokers and 95 non-smokers)were included in this study, Lipid profiles were measured and DNA was isolated. The LPL-Hind III and APO CII-Ava II polymorphisms were determined using the polymerase reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) technique. Results For the LPL-Hind IIIpolymorphism H+H+ genotype group, the triglycerides TG and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol VLDL-C concentrations were significantly higher and the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol HDL-C concentration was significantly lower than those of the H–H- genotype. ForAPO CII-Ava II polymorphisms, compared with those of the A2A2 genotype group, the total cholesterol TC, TG, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol LDL-C and VLDL-C concentrations were significantly increased in the A1A2 genotype group, while the HDL-C concentration was significantly decreased. Conclusions The study revealed that the H+H+ or H + H-genotype of the LPL-Hind III polymorphism and the A1A1or A1A2 genotype of the APOCII-Ava II polymorphism were at higher risk of developing dyslipidaemia compared to the H–H- genotype of the LPL-Hind III polymorphism and A2A2 genotype of the APOCII-Ava II polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rithab Ibrahim Al-Samawi
- University of Al-Ameed, Karbala, Iraq; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Al-Ameed, Karbala, PO Box 198, 56001, Iraq.
| | - Maha Fadil Smaism
- University of Babylon, Iraq; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Babylon University, Hilla, 51002, Iraq
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Adipose Lipolysis Regulates Cardiac Glucose Uptake and Function in Mice under Cold Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413361. [PMID: 34948160 PMCID: PMC8703875 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The heart primarily uses fatty acids as energy substrates. Adipose lipolysis is a major source of fatty acids, particularly under stress conditions. In this study, we showed that mice with selective inactivation of the lipolytic coactivator comparative gene identification-58 (CGI-58) in adipose tissue (FAT-KO mice), relative to their littermate controls, had lower circulating FA levels in the fed and fasted states due to impaired adipose lipolysis. They preferentially utilized carbohydrates as energy fuels and were more insulin sensitive and glucose tolerant. Under cold stress, FAT-KO versus control mice had >10-fold increases in glucose uptake in the hearts but no increases in other tissues examined. Plasma concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptide and cardiac mRNAs for atrial and brain-type natriuretic peptides, two sensitive markers of cardiac remodeling, were also elevated. After one week of cold exposure, FAT-KO mice showed reduced cardiac expression of several mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation proteins. After one month of cold exposure, hearts of these animals showed depressed functions, reduced SERCA2 protein, and increased proteins for MHC-β, collagen I proteins, Glut1, Glut4 and phospho-AMPK. Thus, CGI-58-dependent adipose lipolysis critically regulates cardiac metabolism and function, especially during cold adaptation. The adipose-heart axis may be targeted for the management of cardiac dysfunction.
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Dutta RK, Lee JN, Maharjan Y, Park C, Choe SK, Ho YS, Park R. Catalase deficiency facilitates the shuttling of free fatty acid to brown adipose tissue through lipolysis mediated by ROS during sustained fasting. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:201. [PMID: 34876210 PMCID: PMC8650429 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00710-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fatty acids (FA) derived from adipose tissue and liver serve as the main fuel in thermogenesis of brown adipose tissue (BAT). Catalase, a peroxisomal enzyme, plays an important role in maintaining intracellular redox homeostasis by decomposing hydrogen peroxide to either water or oxygen that oxidize and provide fuel for cellular metabolism. Although the antioxidant enzymatic activity of catalase is well known, its role in the metabolism and maintenance of energy homeostasis has not yet been revealed. The present study investigated the role of catalase in lipid metabolism and thermogenesis during nutrient deprivation in catalase-knockout (KO) mice. Results We found that hepatic triglyceride accumulation in KO mice decreased during sustained fasting due to lipolysis through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in adipocytes. Furthermore, the free FA released from lipolysis were shuttled to BAT through the activation of CD36 and catabolized by lipoprotein lipase in KO mice during sustained fasting. Although the exact mechanism for the activation of the FA receptor enzyme, CD36 in BAT is still unclear, we found that ROS generation in adipocytes mediated the shuttling of FA to BAT. Conclusions Taken together, our findings uncover the novel role of catalase in lipid metabolism and thermogenesis in BAT, which may be useful in understanding metabolic dysfunction. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-021-00710-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghbendra Kumar Dutta
- Department of Biomedical Science & Engineering, GRI, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon No Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science & Engineering, GRI, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunash Maharjan
- Department of Biomedical Science & Engineering, GRI, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Channy Park
- Department of Biomedical Science & Engineering, GRI, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Kyu Choe
- Department of Microbiology and Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Shih Ho
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Raekil Park
- Department of Biomedical Science & Engineering, GRI, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
Emerging studies have shown that lipid metabolism plays an important role in aging. High resolution in situ imaging of lipid metabolic dynamics inside cells and tissues affords a novel and potent approach for understanding many biological processes such as aging. Here we established a new optical imaging platform that combines D2O-probed stimulated Raman scattering (DO-SRS) imaging microscopy and a Drosophila model to directly visualize metabolic activities in situ during aging. The sub-cellular spatial distribution of de novo lipogenesis in the fat body was quantitatively imaged and examined. We discovered a dramatic decrease in lipid turnover in 35-day-old flies. Decreases in protein turnover occurred earlier than lipids (25-day vs. 35-day), and there are many proteins localized on the cell and lipid droplet membrane. This suggests that protein metabolism may act as a prerequisite for lipid metabolism during aging. This alteration of maintenance of protein turnover indicates disrupted lipid metabolism. We further found a significantly higher lipid turnover rate in large LDs, indicating more active metabolism in large LDs, suggesting that large and small LDs play different roles in metabolism to maintain cellular homeostasis. This is the first study that directly visualizes spatiotemporal alterations of lipid (and protein) metabolism in Drosophila during the aging process. Our study not only demonstrates a new imaging platform for studying lipid metabolism, but also unravels the important interconnections between lipid metabolism and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, USA.
| | - Wenxu Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, USA.
| | - Anthony A Fung
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, USA.
| | - Lingyan Shi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, USA.
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Queiroz Júnior JRAD, Costa Pereira JPD, Pires LL, Maia CS. The Dichotomous Effect of Thiamine Supplementation on Tumorigenesis: A Systematic Review. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:1942-1957. [PMID: 34854769 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.2007962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The malignant neoplastic cell is characterized by its diverse metabolic changes. It occurs in order to maintain the high rate of proliferation. The possibility of new pharmacological targets has inserted tumor metabolism as a target for recent research, emphasizing the enzymatic activity of thiamin. This review aims to elucidate the behavior of thiamin against tumor development. This is a systematic review in which studies indexed in Pubmed, Scopus, SciELO and BVS were searched using the descriptors (Thiamin OR Vitamin B1) AND (Cancer OR Malignant neoplasia) AND (Tumor metabolism). Title and abstract were read. Duplicates, literary reviews, books, conference abstracts, editorials, and papers published prior to 2010 were eliminated. 23 records were included in this review. Low doses of thiamin have been shown to be enough to stimulate tumor growth. Another population studies has shown evidence of tumor regression after correction of vitamin B1 deficiency. There is an open path for the development of new research to better assess the influence of thiamin on cancer cells. Once the connections between thiamin and the metabolism of cancer cells are fully established, new opportunities for therapeutic intervention and dietary modification will appear to reduce the progression of the disease in patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leonardo Lucas Pires
- Department of Medical Sciences, Potiguar University, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Carina Scanoni Maia
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Mu T, Hu H, Ma Y, Feng X, Zhang J, Gu Y. Regulation of Key Genes for Milk Fat Synthesis in Ruminants. Front Nutr 2021; 8:765147. [PMID: 34901115 PMCID: PMC8659261 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.765147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk fat is the most important and energy-rich substance in milk and plays an important role in the metabolism of nutrients during human growth and development. It is mainly used in the production of butter and yogurt. Milk fat not only affects the flavor and nutritional value of milk, but also is the main target trait of ruminant breeding. There are many key genes involve in ruminant milk fat synthesis, including ACSS2, FASN, ACACA, CD36, ACSL, SLC27A, FABP3, SCD, GPAM, AGPAT, LPIN, DGAT1, PLIN2, XDH, and BTN1A1. Taking the de novo synthesis of fatty acids (FA) and intaking of long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) in blood to the end of lipid droplet secretion as the mainline, this manuscript elucidates the complex regulation model of key genes in mammary epithelial cells (MECs) in ruminant milk fat synthesis, and constructs the whole regulatory network of milk fat synthesis, to provide valuable theoretical basis and research ideas for the study of milk fat regulation mechanism of ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yaling Gu
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
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Role and mechanism of the action of angiopoietin-like protein ANGPTL4 in plasma lipid metabolism. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100150. [PMID: 34801488 PMCID: PMC8666355 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Triglycerides are carried in the bloodstream as the components of very low-density lipoproteins and chylomicrons. These circulating triglycerides are primarily hydrolyzed in muscle and adipose tissue by the enzyme lipoprotein lipase (LPL). The activity of LPL is regulated by numerous mechanisms, including by three members of the angiopoietin-like protein family: ANGPTL3, ANGPTL4, and ANGPTL8. In this review, we discuss the recent literature concerning the role and mechanism of action of ANGPTL4 in lipid metabolism. ANGPTL4 is a fasting- and lipid-induced factor secreted by numerous cells, including adipocytes, hepatocytes, (cardio)myocytes, and macrophages. In adipocytes, ANGPTL4 mediates the fasting-induced repression of LPL activity by promoting the unfolding of LPL, leading to the cleavage and subsequent degradation of LPL. The inhibition of LPL by ANGPTL4 is opposed by ANGPTL8, which keeps the LPL active after feeding. In macrophages and (cardio)myocytes, ANGPTL4 functions as a lipid-inducible feedback regulator of LPL-mediated lipid uptake. In comparison, in hepatocytes, ANGPTL4 functions as a local inhibitor of hepatic lipase and possibly as an endocrine inhibitor of LPL in extra-hepatic tissues. At the genetic level, loss-of-function mutations in ANGPTL4 are associated with lower plasma triglycerides and higher plasma HDL-C levels, and a reduced risk of coronary artery disease, suggesting that ANGPTL4 is a viable pharmacological target for reducing cardiovascular risk. Whole-body targeting of ANGPTL4 is contraindicated because of severe pathological complications, whereas liver-specific inactivation of ANGPTL4, either as monotherapy or coupled to anti-ANGPTL3 therapies might be a suitable strategy for lowering plasma triglycerides in selected patient groups. In conclusion, the tissue-specific targeting of ANGPTL4 appears to be a viable pharmacological approach to reduce circulating triglycerides.
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Anderson R, Agarwal A, Ghosh A, Guan B, Casteel J, Dvorina N, Baldwin WM, Mazumder B, Nazarko TY, Merrick WC, Buchner DA, Hatzoglou M, Kondratov RV, Komar AA. eIF2A-knockout mice reveal decreased life span and metabolic syndrome. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21990. [PMID: 34665898 PMCID: PMC8848898 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101105r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic initiation factor 2A (eIF2A) is a 65 kDa protein that functions in minor initiation pathways, which affect the translation of only a subset of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNAs), such as internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-containing mRNAs and/or mRNAs harboring upstream near cognate/non-AUG start codons. These non-canonical initiation events are important for regulation of protein synthesis during cellular development and/or the integrated stress response. Selective eIF2A knockdown in cellular systems significantly inhibits translation of such mRNAs, which rely on alternative initiation mechanisms for their translation. However, there exists a gap in our understanding of how eIF2A functions in mammalian systems in vivo (on the organismal level) and ex vivo (in cells). Here, using an eIF2A-knockout (KO) mouse model, we present evidence implicating eIF2A in the biology of aging, metabolic syndrome and central tolerance. We discovered that eIF2A-KO mice have reduced life span and that eIF2A plays an important role in maintenance of lipid homeostasis, the control of glucose tolerance, insulin resistance and also reduces the abundance of B lymphocytes and dendritic cells in the thymic medulla of mice. We also show the eIF2A KO affects male and female mice differently, suggesting that eIF2A may affect sex-specific pathways. Interestingly, our experiments involving pharmacological induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress with tunicamycin did not reveal any substantial difference between the response to ER stress in eIF2A-KO and wild-type mice. The identification of eIF2A function in the development of metabolic syndrome bears promise for the further identification of specific eIF2A targets responsible for these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Anderson
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and DiseaseDepartment of Biological, Geological and Environmental SciencesCleveland State UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Anchal Agarwal
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and DiseaseDepartment of Biological, Geological and Environmental SciencesCleveland State UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and DiseaseDepartment of Biological, Geological and Environmental SciencesCleveland State UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Bo‐Jhih Guan
- Department of Genetics and Genome SciencesCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Jackson Casteel
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and DiseaseDepartment of Biological, Geological and Environmental SciencesCleveland State UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Nina Dvorina
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityCleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - William M. Baldwin
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityCleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Barsanjit Mazumder
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and DiseaseDepartment of Biological, Geological and Environmental SciencesCleveland State UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
| | | | - William C. Merrick
- Department of BiochemistryCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - David A. Buchner
- Department of Genetics and Genome SciencesCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA,Department of BiochemistryCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Maria Hatzoglou
- Department of Genetics and Genome SciencesCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Roman V. Kondratov
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and DiseaseDepartment of Biological, Geological and Environmental SciencesCleveland State UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Anton A. Komar
- Center for Gene Regulation in Health and DiseaseDepartment of Biological, Geological and Environmental SciencesCleveland State UniversityClevelandOhioUSA,Department of BiochemistryCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
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Khetarpal SA, Vitali C, Levin MG, Klarin D, Park J, Pampana A, Millar JS, Kuwano T, Sugasini D, Subbaiah PV, Billheimer JT, Natarajan P, Rader DJ. Endothelial lipase mediates efficient lipolysis of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009802. [PMID: 34543263 PMCID: PMC8483387 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) are circulating reservoirs of fatty acids used as vital energy sources for peripheral tissues. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a predominant enzyme mediating triglyceride (TG) lipolysis and TRL clearance to provide fatty acids to tissues in animals. Physiological and human genetic evidence support a primary role for LPL in hydrolyzing TRL TGs. We hypothesized that endothelial lipase (EL), another extracellular lipase that primarily hydrolyzes lipoprotein phospholipids may also contribute to TRL metabolism. To explore this, we studied the impact of genetic EL loss-of-function on TRL metabolism in humans and mice. Humans carrying a loss-of-function missense variant in LIPG, p.Asn396Ser (rs77960347), demonstrated elevated plasma TGs and elevated phospholipids in TRLs, among other lipoprotein classes. Mice with germline EL deficiency challenged with excess dietary TG through refeeding or a high-fat diet exhibited elevated TGs, delayed dietary TRL clearance, and impaired TRL TG lipolysis in vivo that was rescued by EL reconstitution in the liver. Lipidomic analyses of postprandial plasma from high-fat fed Lipg-/- mice demonstrated accumulation of phospholipids and TGs harboring long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), known substrates for EL lipolysis. In vitro and in vivo, EL and LPL together promoted greater TG lipolysis than either extracellular lipase alone. Our data positions EL as a key collaborator of LPL to mediate efficient lipolysis of TRLs in humans and mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeet A. Khetarpal
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America,Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Cecilia Vitali
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michael G. Levin
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America,Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America,Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Derek Klarin
- Boston VA Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America,Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joseph Park
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Akhil Pampana
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America,Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - John S. Millar
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Takashi Kuwano
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Dhavamani Sugasini
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago; Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Papasani V. Subbaiah
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago; Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey T. Billheimer
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Pradeep Natarajan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America,Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Rader
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America,* E-mail:
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Morin R, Goulet N, Mauger JF, Imbeault P. Physiological Responses to Hypoxia on Triglyceride Levels. Front Physiol 2021; 12:730935. [PMID: 34497541 PMCID: PMC8419320 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.730935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a condition during which the body or specific tissues are deprived of oxygen. This phenomenon can occur in response to exposure to hypoxic environmental conditions such as high-altitude, or because of pathophysiological conditions such as obstructive sleep apnea. Circumstances such as these can restrict supply or increase consumption of oxygen, leading to oxyhemoglobin desaturation and tissue hypoxia. In certain cases, hypoxia may lead to severe health consequences such as an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. A potential explanation for the link between hypoxia and an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases lies in the disturbing effect of hypoxia on circulating blood lipids, specifically its capacity to increase plasma triglyceride concentrations. Increased circulating triglyceride levels result from the production of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, such as very-low-density lipoproteins and chylomicrons, exceeding their clearance rate. Considerable research in murine models reports that hypoxia may have detrimental effects on several aspects of triglyceride metabolism. However, in humans, the mechanisms underlying the disturbing effect of hypoxia on triglyceride levels remain unclear. In this mini-review, we outline the available evidence on the physiological responses to hypoxia and their impact on circulating triglyceride levels. We also discuss mechanisms by which hypoxia affects various organs involved in the metabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. This information will benefit scientists and clinicians interested in the mechanistic of the regulatory cascade responsible for the response to hypoxia and how this response could lead to a deteriorated lipid profile and an increased risk of developing hypoxia-related health consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée Morin
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Nicholas Goulet
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jean-François Mauger
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Pascal Imbeault
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Hôpital Montfort, Institut du Savoir Montfort, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Wang M, Zhou Y, He X, Deng C, Liu X, Li J, Zhou L, Li Y, Zhang Y, Liu H, Li L. Two novel mutations of the LPL gene in two Chinese family cases with familial chylomicronemia syndrome. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 521:264-271. [PMID: 34324844 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical features and genetic causes of two family cases with familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS). Clinical manifestations of proband 1 and her families, and also proband 2 showed severe hypertriglyceridemia, especially the triglycerides levels of two probands were extremely high. Gene sequencing results showed that the LPL genes in each of the two probands had a new mutation site. For the proband 1, a compound heterozygous mutation at c.429 (c.429 + 1G > T) was detected in the LPL gene, which was splicing mutation and inherited from her mother. Homozygous mutation was detected in the LPL gene of proband 2, the nucleotide mutation at c.802 (c.802C > T) exhibited missense mutation, his parents and brother had a heterozygous mutation at the same site. It was confirmed that the conservative lipoprotein lipase superfamily domain changed an amino acid from histidine to tyrosine at p. 268 (p. His268Tyr). Flow cytometry confirmed the deficient expression of LPL protein in two families. These results indicated that the mutation in LPL gene might be the cause of familial chylomicronemia syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingying Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuantao Zhou
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaoli He
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Chengjun Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaoning Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Nutrition, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Haifeng Liu
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Li Li
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China.
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Kupper N, Pritz E, Siwetz M, Guettler J, Huppertz B. Placental Villous Explant Culture 2.0: Flow Culture Allows Studies Closer to the In Vivo Situation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147464. [PMID: 34299084 PMCID: PMC8308011 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy, freely floating placental villi are adapted to fluid shear stress due to placental perfusion with maternal plasma and blood. In vitro culture of placental villous explants is widely performed under static conditions, hoping the conditions may represent the in utero environment. However, static placental villous explant culture dramatically differs from the in vivo situation. Thus, we established a flow culture system for placental villous explants and compared commonly used static cultured tissue to flow cultured tissue using transmission and scanning electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) measurements. The data revealed a better structural and biochemical integrity of flow cultured tissue compared to static cultured tissue. Thus, this new flow system can be used to simulate the blood flow from the mother to the placenta and back in the most native-like in vitro system so far and thus can enable novel study designs.
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Zeng L, Li X, Preusch CB, He GJ, Xu N, Cheung TH, Qu J, Mak HY. Nuclear receptors NHR-49 and NHR-79 promote peroxisome proliferation to compensate for aldehyde dehydrogenase deficiency in C. elegans. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009635. [PMID: 34237064 PMCID: PMC8291716 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The intracellular level of fatty aldehydes is tightly regulated by aldehyde dehydrogenases to minimize the formation of toxic lipid and protein adducts. Importantly, the dysregulation of aldehyde dehydrogenases has been implicated in neurologic disorder and cancer in humans. However, cellular responses to unresolved, elevated fatty aldehyde levels are poorly understood. Here, we report that ALH-4 is a C. elegans aldehyde dehydrogenase that specifically associates with the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and peroxisomes. Based on lipidomic and imaging analysis, we show that the loss of ALH-4 increases fatty aldehyde levels and reduces fat storage. ALH-4 deficiency in the intestine, cell-nonautonomously induces NHR-49/NHR-79-dependent hypodermal peroxisome proliferation. This is accompanied by the upregulation of catalases and fatty acid catabolic enzymes, as indicated by RNA sequencing. Such a response is required to counteract ALH-4 deficiency since alh-4; nhr-49 double mutant animals are sterile. Our work reveals unexpected inter-tissue communication of fatty aldehyde levels and suggests pharmacological modulation of peroxisome proliferation as a therapeutic strategy to tackle pathology related to excess fatty aldehydes. Fatty aldehydes are generated during the turnover of membrane lipids and when cells are under oxidative stress. Because excess fatty aldehydes form toxic adducts with proteins and lipids, their levels are tightly controlled by a family of aldehyde dehydrogenases whose dysfunction has been implicated in genetic disease and cancer in humans. Here, we characterize mutant C. elegans that lack a conserved, membrane-associated aldehyde dehydrogenase ALH-4. Despite elevated levels of fatty aldehydes, these mutant worms survive by increasing the abundance of peroxisomes, which are important organelles for lipid metabolism. Such peroxisome proliferative response depends on the activation of transcription factors NHR-49 and NHR-79, via putative endocrine signals. Accordingly, the fertility of alh-4 mutant worms relies on NHR-49. Our work suggests a latent mechanism that may be activated during aldehyde dehydrogenase deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Zeng
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xuesong Li
- Biophotonics Research Laboratory, Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Christopher B. Preusch
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Gary J. He
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ningyi Xu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tom H. Cheung
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Center for Stem Cell Research, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory in Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jianan Qu
- Biophotonics Research Laboratory, Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ho Yi Mak
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
- * E-mail:
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Chandramohan R, Pari L. Antihyperlipidemic effect of tyrosol, a phenolic compound in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2021; 31:507-516. [PMID: 33942700 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2021.1926030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the antihyperlipidemic effects of tyrosol in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Rats were injected intraperitoneally with STZ (40 mg/kg), and these established experimental rats were treated with tyrosol (20 mg/kg) and glibenclamide (600 µg/kg) for 45 days. The observed results revealed that tyrosol treatment significantly reduced plasma glucose, plasma, and liver total cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids, phospholipids, plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, atherogenic index, and significantly increased plasma insulin and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in STZ-induced diabetic rats. The activity of 3-hydroxy 3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase significantly reduced in the liver, whereas the activities of lipoprotein lipase and lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase were significantly increased in the plasma of tyrosol treated STZ-induced diabetic rats. Histological examination showed that tyrosol treatment remarkably reduced lipid accumulation in the liver of STZ-induced diabetic rats. The present study revealed that tyrosol exhibits potent antihyperlipidemic effects in STZ-induced diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramasamy Chandramohan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, India.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Leelavinothan Pari
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, India
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