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Clavreul L, Bernard L, Cotte AK, Hennuyer N, Bourouh C, Devos C, Helleboid A, Haas JT, Verrijken A, Gheeraert C, Derudas B, Guille L, Chevalier J, Eeckhoute J, Vallez E, Dorchies E, Van Gaal L, Lassailly G, Francque S, Staels B, Paumelle R. The ubiquitin-like modifier FAT10 is induced in MASLD and impairs the lipid-regulatory activity of PPARα. Metabolism 2024; 151:155720. [PMID: 37926201 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α (PPARα) is a key regulator of hepatic lipid metabolism and therefore a promising therapeutic target against Metabolic-dysfunction Associated Steatotic Liver Diseases (MASLD). However, its expression and activity decrease during disease progression and several of its agonists did not achieve sufficient efficiency in clinical trials with, surprisingly, a lack of steatosis improvement. Here, we identified the Human leukocyte antigen-F Adjacent Transcript 10 (FAT10) as an inhibitor of PPARα lipid metabolic activity during MASLD progression. APPROACH AND RESULTS In vivo, the expression of FAT10 is upregulated in human and murine MASLD livers upon disease progression and correlates negatively with PPARα expression. The increase of FAT10 occurs in hepatocytes in which both proteins interact. FAT10 silencing in vitro in hepatocytes increases PPARα target gene expression, promotes fatty acid oxidation and decreases intra-cellular lipid droplet content. In line, FAT10 overexpression in hepatocytes in vivo inhibits the lipid regulatory activity of PPARα in response to fasting and agonist treatment in conditions of physiological and pathological hepatic lipid overload. CONCLUSIONS FAT10 is induced during MASLD development and interacts with PPARα resulting in a decreased lipid metabolic response of PPARα to fasting or agonist treatment. Inhibition of the FAT10-PPARα interaction may provide a means to design potential therapeutic strategies against MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludivine Clavreul
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, EGID, Boulevard du Professeur Jules Leclercq, 59045 Lille, France
| | - Lucie Bernard
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, EGID, Boulevard du Professeur Jules Leclercq, 59045 Lille, France
| | - Alexia K Cotte
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, EGID, Boulevard du Professeur Jules Leclercq, 59045 Lille, France
| | - Nathalie Hennuyer
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, EGID, Boulevard du Professeur Jules Leclercq, 59045 Lille, France
| | - Cyril Bourouh
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, EGID, Boulevard du Professeur Jules Leclercq, 59045 Lille, France
| | - Claire Devos
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, EGID, Boulevard du Professeur Jules Leclercq, 59045 Lille, France
| | - Audrey Helleboid
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, EGID, Boulevard du Professeur Jules Leclercq, 59045 Lille, France
| | - Joel T Haas
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, EGID, Boulevard du Professeur Jules Leclercq, 59045 Lille, France
| | - An Verrijken
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 1 B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Antwerp University Hospital, 1 B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Céline Gheeraert
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, EGID, Boulevard du Professeur Jules Leclercq, 59045 Lille, France
| | - Bruno Derudas
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, EGID, Boulevard du Professeur Jules Leclercq, 59045 Lille, France
| | - Loïc Guille
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, EGID, Boulevard du Professeur Jules Leclercq, 59045 Lille, France
| | - Julie Chevalier
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, EGID, Boulevard du Professeur Jules Leclercq, 59045 Lille, France
| | - Jérôme Eeckhoute
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, EGID, Boulevard du Professeur Jules Leclercq, 59045 Lille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Vallez
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, EGID, Boulevard du Professeur Jules Leclercq, 59045 Lille, France
| | - Emilie Dorchies
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, EGID, Boulevard du Professeur Jules Leclercq, 59045 Lille, France
| | - Luc Van Gaal
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 1 B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Antwerp University Hospital, 1 B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Lassailly
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, 1 place de Verdun, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Sven Francque
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 1 B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, 1 B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium; European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Germany
| | - Bart Staels
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, EGID, Boulevard du Professeur Jules Leclercq, 59045 Lille, France
| | - Réjane Paumelle
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, EGID, Boulevard du Professeur Jules Leclercq, 59045 Lille, France.
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Johanns M, Haas JT, Raverdy V, Vandel J, Chevalier-Dubois J, Guille L, Derudas B, Legendre B, Caiazzo R, Verkindt H, Gnemmi V, Leteurtre E, Derhourhi M, Bonnefond A, Froguel P, Eeckhoute J, Lassailly G, Mathurin P, Pattou F, Staels B, Lefebvre P. Time-of-day-dependent variation of the human liver transcriptome and metabolome is disrupted in MASLD. JHEP Rep 2024; 6:100948. [PMID: 38125300 PMCID: PMC10730870 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Liver homeostasis is ensured in part by time-of-day-dependent processes, many of them being paced by the molecular circadian clock. Liver functions are compromised in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), and clock disruption increases susceptibility to MASLD progression in rodent models. We therefore investigated whether the time-of-day-dependent transcriptome and metabolome are significantly altered in human steatotic and MASH livers. Methods Liver biopsies, collected within an 8 h-window from a carefully phenotyped cohort of 290 patients and histologically diagnosed to be either normal, steatotic or MASH hepatic tissues, were analyzed by RNA sequencing and unbiased metabolomic approaches. Time-of-day-dependent gene expression patterns and metabolomes were identified and compared between histologically normal, steatotic and MASH livers. Results Herein, we provide a first-of-its-kind report of a daytime-resolved human liver transcriptome-metabolome and associated alterations in MASLD. Transcriptomic analysis showed a robustness of core molecular clock components in steatotic and MASH livers. It also revealed stage-specific, time-of-day-dependent alterations of hundreds of transcripts involved in cell-to-cell communication, intracellular signaling and metabolism. Similarly, rhythmic amino acid and lipid metabolomes were affected in pathological livers. Both TNFα and PPARγ signaling were predicted as important contributors to altered rhythmicity. Conclusion MASLD progression to MASH perturbs time-of-day-dependent processes in human livers, while the differential expression of core molecular clock components is maintained. Impact and implications This work characterizes the rhythmic patterns of the transcriptome and metabolome in the human liver. Using a cohort of well-phenotyped patients (n = 290) for whom the time-of-day at biopsy collection was known, we show that time-of-day variations observed in histologically normal livers are gradually perturbed in liver steatosis and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis. Importantly, these observations, albeit obtained across a restricted time window, provide further support for preclinical studies demonstrating alterations of rhythmic patterns in diseased livers. On a practical note, this study indicates the importance of considering time-of-day as a critical biological variable which may significantly affect data interpretation in animal and human studies of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Johanns
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Joel T. Haas
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Violetta Raverdy
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1190-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jimmy Vandel
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Julie Chevalier-Dubois
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Loic Guille
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Bruno Derudas
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Benjamin Legendre
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1190-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Robert Caiazzo
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1190-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Helene Verkindt
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1190-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | | | | | - Mehdi Derhourhi
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 1283/8199-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Amélie Bonnefond
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 1283/8199-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
- Department of Metabolism, Imperial College London; London, United Kingdom
| | - Philippe Froguel
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 1283/8199-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
- Department of Metabolism, Imperial College London; London, United Kingdom
| | - Jérôme Eeckhoute
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | | | | | - François Pattou
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1190-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Bart Staels
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Philippe Lefebvre
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
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3
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Lalloyer F, Mogilenko DA, Verrijken A, Haas JT, Lamazière A, Kouach M, Descat A, Caron S, Vallez E, Derudas B, Gheeraert C, Baugé E, Despres G, Dirinck E, Tailleux A, Dombrowicz D, Van Gaal L, Eeckhoute J, Lefebvre P, Goossens JF, Francque S, Staels B. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass induces hepatic transcriptomic signatures and plasma metabolite changes indicative of improved cholesterol homeostasis. J Hepatol 2023; 79:898-909. [PMID: 37230231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), the most effective surgical procedure for weight loss, decreases obesity and ameliorates comorbidities, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) and cardiovascular (CVD) diseases. Cholesterol is a major CVD risk factor and modulator of NAFLD development, and the liver tightly controls its metabolism. How RYGB surgery modulates systemic and hepatic cholesterol metabolism is still unclear. METHODS We studied the hepatic transcriptome of 26 patients with obesity but not diabetes before and 1 year after undergoing RYGB. In parallel, we measured quantitative changes in plasma cholesterol metabolites and bile acids (BAs). RESULTS RYGB surgery improved systemic cholesterol metabolism and increased plasma total and primary BA levels. Transcriptomic analysis revealed specific alterations in the liver after RYGB, with the downregulation of a module of genes implicated in inflammation and the upregulation of three modules, one associated with BA metabolism. A dedicated analysis of hepatic genes related to cholesterol homeostasis pointed towards increased biliary cholesterol elimination after RYGB, associated with enhancement of the alternate, but not the classical, BA synthesis pathway. In parallel, alterations in the expression of genes involved in cholesterol uptake and intracellular trafficking indicate improved hepatic free cholesterol handling. Finally, RYGB decreased plasma markers of cholesterol synthesis, which correlated with an improvement in liver disease status after surgery. CONCLUSIONS Our results identify specific regulatory effects of RYGB on inflammation and cholesterol metabolism. RYGB alters the hepatic transcriptome signature, likely improving liver cholesterol homeostasis. These gene regulatory effects are reflected by systemic post-surgery changes of cholesterol-related metabolites, corroborating the beneficial effects of RYGB on both hepatic and systemic cholesterol homeostasis. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is a widely used bariatric surgery procedure with proven efficacy in body weight management, combatting cardiovascular disease (CVD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). RYGB exerts many beneficial metabolic effects, by lowering plasma cholesterol and improving atherogenic dyslipidemia. Using a cohort of patients undergoing RYGB, studied before and 1 year after surgery, we analyzed how RYGB modulates hepatic and systemic cholesterol and bile acid metabolism. The results of our study provide important insights on the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis after RYGB and open avenues that could guide future monitoring and treatment strategies targeting CVD and NAFLD in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Lalloyer
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011- EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Denis A Mogilenko
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011- EGID, F-59000, Lille, France; Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Ann Verrijken
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650, Edegem, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Joel T Haas
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011- EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Antonin Lamazière
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Clinical Metabolomic Department, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Mostafa Kouach
- University of Lille, CHU Lille, EA 7365-GRITA-Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Amandine Descat
- University of Lille, CHU Lille, EA 7365-GRITA-Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Sandrine Caron
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011- EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Vallez
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011- EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Bruno Derudas
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011- EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Céline Gheeraert
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011- EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Eric Baugé
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011- EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Gaëtan Despres
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Clinical Metabolomic Department, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Eveline Dirinck
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650, Edegem, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Anne Tailleux
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011- EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - David Dombrowicz
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011- EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Luc Van Gaal
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650, Edegem, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jerôme Eeckhoute
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011- EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Lefebvre
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011- EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Jean-François Goossens
- University of Lille, CHU Lille, EA 7365-GRITA-Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Sven Francque
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, ERN RARE-LIVER, 2650, Edegem, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bart Staels
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011- EGID, F-59000, Lille, France.
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4
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Deprince A, Hennuyer N, Kooijman S, Pronk ACM, Baugé E, Lienard V, Verrijken A, Dirinck E, Vonghia L, Woitrain E, Kloosterhuis NJ, Marez E, Jacquemain P, Wolters JC, Lalloyer F, Eberlé D, Quemener S, Vallez E, Tailleux A, Kouach M, Goossens J, Raverdy V, Derudas B, Kuivenhoven JA, Croyal M, van de Sluis B, Francque S, Pattou F, Rensen PCN, Staels B, Haas JT. Apolipoprotein F is reduced in humans with steatosis and controls plasma triglyceride-rich lipoprotein metabolism. Hepatology 2023; 77:1287-1302. [PMID: 35735979 PMCID: PMC10026963 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NAFLD affects nearly 25% of the global population. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common cause of death among patients with NAFLD, in line with highly prevalent dyslipidemia in this population. Increased plasma triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoprotein (TRL) concentrations, an important risk factor for CVD, are closely linked with hepatic TG content. Therefore, it is of great interest to identify regulatory mechanisms of hepatic TRL production and remnant uptake in the setting of hepatic steatosis. APPROACH AND RESULTS To identify liver-regulated pathways linking intrahepatic and plasma TG metabolism, we performed transcriptomic analysis of liver biopsies from two independent cohorts of obese patients. Hepatic encoding apolipoprotein F ( APOF ) expression showed the fourth-strongest negatively correlation with hepatic steatosis and the strongest negative correlation with plasma TG levels. The effects of adenoviral-mediated human ApoF (hApoF) overexpression on plasma and hepatic TG were assessed in C57BL6/J mice. Surprisingly, hApoF overexpression increased both hepatic very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)-TG secretion and hepatic lipoprotein remnant clearance, associated a ~25% reduction in plasma TG levels. Conversely, reducing endogenous ApoF expression reduced VLDL secretion in vivo , and reduced hepatocyte VLDL uptake by ~15% in vitro . Transcriptomic analysis of APOF -overexpressing mouse livers revealed a gene signature related to enhanced ApoB-lipoprotein clearance, including increased expression of Ldlr and Lrp1 , among others. CONCLUSION These data reveal a previously undescribed role for ApoF in the control of plasma and hepatic lipoprotein metabolism by favoring VLDL-TG secretion and hepatic lipoprotein remnant particle clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Deprince
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011‐ EGID, Lille, France
| | - Nathalie Hennuyer
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011‐ EGID, Lille, France
| | - Sander Kooijman
- Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Amanda C. M. Pronk
- Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Baugé
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011‐ EGID, Lille, France
| | - Viktor Lienard
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011‐ EGID, Lille, France
| | - An Verrijken
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Eveline Dirinck
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Luisa Vonghia
- Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Eloïse Woitrain
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011‐ EGID, Lille, France
| | - Niels J. Kloosterhuis
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eléonore Marez
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011‐ EGID, Lille, France
| | - Pauline Jacquemain
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011‐ EGID, Lille, France
| | - Justina C. Wolters
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fanny Lalloyer
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011‐ EGID, Lille, France
| | - Delphine Eberlé
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011‐ EGID, Lille, France
| | - Sandrine Quemener
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011‐ EGID, Lille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Vallez
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011‐ EGID, Lille, France
| | - Anne Tailleux
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011‐ EGID, Lille, France
| | - Mostafa Kouach
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 7365‐GRITA‐Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, Lille, France
| | - Jean‐Francois Goossens
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 7365‐GRITA‐Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, Lille, France
| | - Violeta Raverdy
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1190 ‐ EGID, Lille, France
| | - Bruno Derudas
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011‐ EGID, Lille, France
| | - Jan Albert Kuivenhoven
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mikaël Croyal
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, SFR Santé, Inserm UMS 016, CNRS UMS 3556, Nantes, France
- CRNH‐Ouest Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Nantes, France
| | - Bart van de Sluis
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sven Francque
- Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - François Pattou
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1190 ‐ EGID, Lille, France
| | - Patrick C. N. Rensen
- Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Staels
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011‐ EGID, Lille, France
| | - Joel T. Haas
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011‐ EGID, Lille, France
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Fougeray T, Polizzi A, Régnier M, Fougerat A, Ellero-Simatos S, Lippi Y, Smati S, Lasserre F, Tramunt B, Huillet M, Dopavogui L, Salvi J, Nédélec E, Gigot V, Smith L, Naylies C, Sommer C, Haas JT, Wahli W, Duez H, Gourdy P, Gamet-Payrastre L, Benani A, Burnol AF, Loiseau N, Postic C, Montagner A, Guillou H. The hepatocyte insulin receptor is required to program the liver clock and rhythmic gene expression. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110674. [PMID: 35417722 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver physiology is circadian and sensitive to feeding and insulin. Food intake regulates insulin secretion and is a dominant signal for the liver clock. However, how much insulin contributes to the effect of feeding on the liver clock and rhythmic gene expression remains to be investigated. Insulin action partly depends on changes in insulin receptor (IR)-dependent gene expression. Here, we use hepatocyte-restricted gene deletion of IR to evaluate its role in the regulation and oscillation of gene expression as well as in the programming of the circadian clock in the adult mouse liver. We find that, in the absence of IR, the rhythmicity of core-clock gene expression is altered in response to day-restricted feeding. This change in core-clock gene expression is associated with defective reprogramming of liver gene expression. Our data show that an intact hepatocyte insulin receptor is required to program the liver clock and associated rhythmic gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Fougeray
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille, 31027 Toulouse, France; Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), UMR1297, INSERM/UPS, Université de Toulouse, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Arnaud Polizzi
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille, 31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Marion Régnier
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille, 31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Fougerat
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille, 31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Sandrine Ellero-Simatos
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille, 31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Yannick Lippi
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille, 31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Sarra Smati
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille, 31027 Toulouse, France; Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), UMR1297, INSERM/UPS, Université de Toulouse, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse, France; Université de Nantes, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Nantes, Institut du Thorax, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Frédéric Lasserre
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille, 31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Blandine Tramunt
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), UMR1297, INSERM/UPS, Université de Toulouse, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse, France; Service de Diabétologie, Maladies Métaboliques et Nutrition, CHU de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Marine Huillet
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille, 31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Léonie Dopavogui
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille, 31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Juliette Salvi
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Institut Agro Dijon, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Emmanuelle Nédélec
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Institut Agro Dijon, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Vincent Gigot
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Institut Agro Dijon, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Lorraine Smith
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille, 31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Naylies
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille, 31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Caroline Sommer
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille, 31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Joel T Haas
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Walter Wahli
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille, 31027 Toulouse, France; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore 308232, Singapore; Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Le Génopode, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hélène Duez
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Pierre Gourdy
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), UMR1297, INSERM/UPS, Université de Toulouse, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse, France; Service de Diabétologie, Maladies Métaboliques et Nutrition, CHU de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurence Gamet-Payrastre
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille, 31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Alexandre Benani
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Institut Agro Dijon, 21000 Dijon, France
| | | | - Nicolas Loiseau
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille, 31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Postic
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Montagner
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), UMR1297, INSERM/UPS, Université de Toulouse, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse, France.
| | - Hervé Guillou
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille, 31027 Toulouse, France.
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6
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Zanoni P, Panteloglou G, Othman A, Haas JT, Meier R, Rimbert A, Futema M, Abou Khalil Y, Norrelykke SF, Rzepiela AJ, Stoma S, Stebler M, van Dijk F, Wijers M, Wolters JC, Dalila N, Huijkman NCA, Smit M, Gallo A, Carreau V, Philippi A, Rabès JP, Boileau C, Visentin M, Vonghia L, Weyler J, Francque S, Verrijken A, Verhaegen A, Van Gaal L, van der Graaf A, van Rosmalen BV, Robert J, Velagapudi S, Yalcinkaya M, Keel M, Radosavljevic S, Geier A, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Varret M, Rohrer L, Humphries SE, Staels B, van de Sluis B, Kuivenhoven JA, von Eckardstein A. Posttranscriptional Regulation of the Human LDL Receptor by the U2-Spliceosome. Circ Res 2022; 130:80-95. [PMID: 34809444 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.318141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The LDLR (low-density lipoprotein receptor) in the liver is the major determinant of LDL-cholesterol levels in human plasma. The discovery of genes that regulate the activity of LDLR helps to identify pathomechanisms of hypercholesterolemia and novel therapeutic targets against atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. METHODS We performed a genome-wide RNA interference screen for genes limiting the uptake of fluorescent LDL into Huh-7 hepatocarcinoma cells. Top hit genes were validated by in vitro experiments as well as analyses of data sets on gene expression and variants in human populations. RESULTS The knockdown of 54 genes significantly inhibited LDL uptake. Fifteen of them encode for components or interactors of the U2-spliceosome. Knocking down any one of 11 out of 15 genes resulted in the selective retention of intron 3 of LDLR. The translated LDLR fragment lacks 88% of the full length LDLR and is detectable neither in nontransfected cells nor in human plasma. The hepatic expression of the intron 3 retention transcript is increased in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease as well as after bariatric surgery. Its expression in blood cells correlates with LDL-cholesterol and age. Single nucleotide polymorphisms and 3 rare variants of one spliceosome gene, RBM25, are associated with LDL-cholesterol in the population and familial hypercholesterolemia, respectively. Compared with overexpression of wild-type RBM25, overexpression of the 3 rare RBM25 mutants in Huh-7 cells led to lower LDL uptake. CONCLUSIONS We identified a novel mechanism of posttranscriptional regulation of LDLR activity in humans and associations of genetic variants of RBM25 with LDL-cholesterol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Zanoni
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University and University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (P.Z., G.P., J.R., S.V., M.Y., M.K., S.R., L.R., A.v.E.).,Now with Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Switzerland (P.Z.).,Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland (P.Z., G.P., S.V., M.Y., M.K., S.R., L.R., A.v.E.)
| | - Grigorios Panteloglou
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University and University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (P.Z., G.P., J.R., S.V., M.Y., M.K., S.R., L.R., A.v.E.).,Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland (P.Z., G.P., S.V., M.Y., M.K., S.R., L.R., A.v.E.)
| | - Alaa Othman
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland (A.O.)
| | - Joel T Haas
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011- EGID, France (J.T.H., B.S.)
| | - Roger Meier
- Scientific center for optical and electron microscopy (ScopeM), ETH Zurich, Switzerland (R.M., S.F.N., A.J.R., S.S., M. Stebler)
| | - Antoine Rimbert
- Department of Pediatrics, Section Molecular Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands (A.R., M.W., J.C.W., N.C.A.H., M. Smit, B.v.d.S., J.A.K.).,Now with Inserm UMR 1087/CNRS UMR 6291 IRS-UN, Nantes, France (A.R.)
| | - Marta Futema
- Cardiology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (M.F.)
| | - Yara Abou Khalil
- LVTS-INSERM UMRS 1148 and University of Paris, CHU Xavier Bichat, Paris, France (Y.A.K., J.-P.R., C.B., M. Varret).,Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Therapeutics (LBTM), Faculty of Pharmacy and Pôle technologie Santé (PTS), Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon (Y.A.K.)
| | - Simon F Norrelykke
- Scientific center for optical and electron microscopy (ScopeM), ETH Zurich, Switzerland (R.M., S.F.N., A.J.R., S.S., M. Stebler)
| | - Andrzej J Rzepiela
- Scientific center for optical and electron microscopy (ScopeM), ETH Zurich, Switzerland (R.M., S.F.N., A.J.R., S.S., M. Stebler)
| | - Szymon Stoma
- Scientific center for optical and electron microscopy (ScopeM), ETH Zurich, Switzerland (R.M., S.F.N., A.J.R., S.S., M. Stebler)
| | - Michael Stebler
- Scientific center for optical and electron microscopy (ScopeM), ETH Zurich, Switzerland (R.M., S.F.N., A.J.R., S.S., M. Stebler)
| | - Freerk van Dijk
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands (F.v.D., A.v.d.G.)
| | - Melinde Wijers
- Department of Pediatrics, Section Molecular Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands (A.R., M.W., J.C.W., N.C.A.H., M. Smit, B.v.d.S., J.A.K.)
| | - Justina C Wolters
- Department of Pediatrics, Section Molecular Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands (A.R., M.W., J.C.W., N.C.A.H., M. Smit, B.v.d.S., J.A.K.)
| | - Nawar Dalila
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (N.D., A.T.-H.)
| | - Nicolette C A Huijkman
- Department of Pediatrics, Section Molecular Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands (A.R., M.W., J.C.W., N.C.A.H., M. Smit, B.v.d.S., J.A.K.)
| | - Marieke Smit
- Department of Pediatrics, Section Molecular Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands (A.R., M.W., J.C.W., N.C.A.H., M. Smit, B.v.d.S., J.A.K.)
| | - Antonio Gallo
- AP-HP, Endocrinology and Metabolism Department, Human Research Nutrition Center, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France (A. Gallo, V.C.)
| | - Valérie Carreau
- AP-HP, Endocrinology and Metabolism Department, Human Research Nutrition Center, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France (A. Gallo, V.C.)
| | - Anne Philippi
- Université de Paris, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Diderot, UMR-S958 Paris, France; Now with Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR-8104, Paris, France (A.P.)
| | - Jean-Pierre Rabès
- LVTS-INSERM UMRS 1148 and University of Paris, CHU Xavier Bichat, Paris, France (Y.A.K., J.-P.R., C.B., M. Varret).,AP-HP, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France (J.-P.R.).,UFR Simone Veil des Sciences de la Santé, UVSQ, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France (J.-P.R.)
| | - Catherine Boileau
- LVTS-INSERM UMRS 1148 and University of Paris, CHU Xavier Bichat, Paris, France (Y.A.K., J.-P.R., C.B., M. Varret).,AP-HP, Genetics Department, CHU Xavier Bichat, Université de Paris, France (C.B.)
| | - Michele Visentin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (M. Visentin)
| | - Luisa Vonghia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium (L.V., J.W., S.F.).,Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antwerp, Belgium (L.V., J.W., S.F., A. Verrijken, A. Verhaegen, L.V.G.)
| | - Jonas Weyler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium (L.V., J.W., S.F.)
| | - Sven Francque
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium (L.V., J.W., S.F.).,Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antwerp, Belgium (L.V., J.W., S.F., A. Verrijken, A. Verhaegen, L.V.G.)
| | - An Verrijken
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antwerp, Belgium (L.V., J.W., S.F., A. Verrijken, A. Verhaegen, L.V.G.).,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium (A. Verrijken, A. Verhaegen, L.V.G.)
| | - Ann Verhaegen
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antwerp, Belgium (L.V., J.W., S.F., A. Verrijken, A. Verhaegen, L.V.G.).,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium (A. Verrijken, A. Verhaegen, L.V.G.)
| | - Luc Van Gaal
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antwerp, Belgium (L.V., J.W., S.F., A. Verrijken, A. Verhaegen, L.V.G.).,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium (A. Verrijken, A. Verhaegen, L.V.G.)
| | - Adriaan van der Graaf
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands (F.v.D., A.v.d.G.)
| | - Belle V van Rosmalen
- Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands (B.V.v.R.)
| | - Jerome Robert
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University and University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (P.Z., G.P., J.R., S.V., M.Y., M.K., S.R., L.R., A.v.E.)
| | - Srividya Velagapudi
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University and University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (P.Z., G.P., J.R., S.V., M.Y., M.K., S.R., L.R., A.v.E.).,Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland (S.V.).,Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland (P.Z., G.P., S.V., M.Y., M.K., S.R., L.R., A.v.E.)
| | - Mustafa Yalcinkaya
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University and University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (P.Z., G.P., J.R., S.V., M.Y., M.K., S.R., L.R., A.v.E.).,Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY (M.Y.).,Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland (P.Z., G.P., S.V., M.Y., M.K., S.R., L.R., A.v.E.)
| | - Michaela Keel
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University and University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (P.Z., G.P., J.R., S.V., M.Y., M.K., S.R., L.R., A.v.E.).,Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland (P.Z., G.P., S.V., M.Y., M.K., S.R., L.R., A.v.E.)
| | - Silvija Radosavljevic
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University and University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (P.Z., G.P., J.R., S.V., M.Y., M.K., S.R., L.R., A.v.E.).,Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland (P.Z., G.P., S.V., M.Y., M.K., S.R., L.R., A.v.E.)
| | - Andreas Geier
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany (A. Geier)
| | - Anne Tybjaerg-Hansen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (N.D., A.T.-H.)
| | - Mathilde Varret
- LVTS-INSERM UMRS 1148 and University of Paris, CHU Xavier Bichat, Paris, France (Y.A.K., J.-P.R., C.B., M. Varret)
| | - Lucia Rohrer
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University and University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (P.Z., G.P., J.R., S.V., M.Y., M.K., S.R., L.R., A.v.E.).,Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland (P.Z., G.P., S.V., M.Y., M.K., S.R., L.R., A.v.E.)
| | - Steve E Humphries
- Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.)
| | - Bart Staels
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011- EGID, France (J.T.H., B.S.)
| | - Bart van de Sluis
- Department of Pediatrics, Section Molecular Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands (A.R., M.W., J.C.W., N.C.A.H., M. Smit, B.v.d.S., J.A.K.)
| | - Jan Albert Kuivenhoven
- Department of Pediatrics, Section Molecular Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands (A.R., M.W., J.C.W., N.C.A.H., M. Smit, B.v.d.S., J.A.K.)
| | - Arnold von Eckardstein
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University and University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (P.Z., G.P., J.R., S.V., M.Y., M.K., S.R., L.R., A.v.E.).,Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland (P.Z., G.P., S.V., M.Y., M.K., S.R., L.R., A.v.E.)
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7
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Grzych G, Chávez-Talavera O, Descat A, Thuillier D, Verrijken A, Kouach M, Legry V, Verkindt H, Raverdy V, Legendre B, Caiazzo R, Van Gaal L, Goossens JF, Paumelle R, Francque S, Pattou F, Haas JT, Tailleux A, Staels B. NASH-related increases in plasma bile acid levels depend on insulin resistance. JHEP Rep 2020; 3:100222. [PMID: 33615207 PMCID: PMC7878982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2020.100222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Plasma bile acids (BAs) have been extensively studied as pathophysiological actors in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, results from clinical studies are often complicated by the association of NASH with type 2 diabetes (T2D), obesity, and insulin resistance (IR). Here, we sought to dissect the relationship between NASH, T2D, and plasma BA levels in a large patient cohort. Methods Four groups of patients from the Biological Atlas of Severe Obesity (ABOS) cohort (Clinical Trials number NCT01129297) were included based on the presence or absence of histologically evaluated NASH with or without coincident T2D. Patients were matched for BMI, homeostatic model assessment 2 (HOMA2)-assessed IR, glycated haemoglobin, age, and gender. To study the effect of IR and BMI on the association of plasma BA and NASH, patients from the HEPADIP study were included. In both cohorts, fasting plasma BA concentrations were measured. Results Plasma BA concentrations were higher in NASH compared with No-NASH patients both in T2D and NoT2D patients from the ABOS cohort. As we previously reported that plasma BA levels were unaltered in NASH patients of the HEPADIP cohort, we assessed the impact of BMI and IR on the association of NASH and BA on the combined BA datasets. Our results revealed that NASH-associated increases in plasma total cholic acid (CA) concentrations depend on the degree of HOMA2-assessed systemic IR, but not on β-cell function nor on BMI. Conclusions Plasma BA concentrations are elevated only in those NASH patients exhibiting pronounced IR. Lay summary Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a progressive liver disease that frequently occurs in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Reliable markers for the diagnosis of NASH are needed. Plasma bile acids have been proposed as NASH biomarkers. Herein, we found that plasma bile acids are only elevated in patients with NASH when significant insulin resistance is present, limiting their utility as NASH markers. Bile acids have been studied as pathophysiological actors and biomarkers in NASH. Plasma BAs have been reported to be higher in NASH vs. No-NASH patients. Plasma BAs are altered in patients with T2D, IR, and obesity, risk factors for NASH. Thus, the independent association between plasma BA increases and NASH is unclear. NASH-associated increases in plasma BA depend on the degree of insulin sensitivity.
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Key Words
- ABOS, Biological Atlas of Severe Obesity
- ADA, American Diabetes Association
- BA, bile acids
- Bile acids
- C4, 7alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one
- CA, cholic acid
- CDCA, chenodeoxycholic acid
- DCA, deoxycholic acid
- Diabetes
- FPG, fasting plasma glycaemia
- FXR, farnesoid-X-receptor
- GCA, glycocholic acid
- GCDCA, glycochenodeoxycholic acid
- GDCA, glycodeoxycholic acid
- GHCA, glycohyocholic acid
- GHDCA, glycohyodeoxycholic acid
- GLCA, glycolithocholic acid
- GUDCA, glycoursodeoxycholic acid
- HCA, hyocholic acid
- HDCA, hyodeoxycholic acid
- HOMA2, homeostatic model assessment 2
- HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin
- IR, insulin resistance
- Insulin resistance
- LCA, lithocholic acid
- MAFLD, metabolic associated fatty liver disease
- NAFL, non-alcoholic fatty liver
- NAFLD
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH
- NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test
- Obesity
- T2D, type 2 diabetes
- TCA, taurocholic acid
- TCDCA, taurochenodeoxycholic acid
- TDCA, taurodeoxycholic acid
- THCA, taurohyocholic acid
- THDCA, taurohyodeoxycholic acid
- TLCA, taurolithocholic acid
- TUDCA, tauroursodeoxycholic acid
- Translational study
- UDCA, ursodeoxycholic acid
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Grzych
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011- EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Oscar Chávez-Talavera
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011- EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Amandine Descat
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, EA 7365-GRITA-Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Dorothée Thuillier
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1190 - EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - An Verrijken
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk/Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem/Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Mostafa Kouach
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, EA 7365-GRITA-Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Vanessa Legry
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011- EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Hélène Verkindt
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1190 - EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Violeta Raverdy
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1190 - EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Benjamin Legendre
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1190 - EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Robert Caiazzo
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1190 - EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Luc Van Gaal
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk/Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem/Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jean-Francois Goossens
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, EA 7365-GRITA-Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Réjane Paumelle
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011- EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Sven Francque
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk/Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650, Edegem, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - François Pattou
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1190 - EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Joel T Haas
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011- EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Anne Tailleux
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011- EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Bart Staels
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011- EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
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8
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de Boer JF, de Vries HD, Palmiotti A, Li R, Doestzada M, Hoogerland JA, Fu J, La Rose AM, Westerterp M, Mulder NL, Hovingh MV, Koehorst M, Kloosterhuis NJ, Wolters JC, Bloks VW, Haas JT, Dombrowicz D, Staels B, van de Sluis B, Kuipers F. Cholangiopathy and Biliary Fibrosis in Cyp2c70-Deficient Mice Are Fully Reversed by Ursodeoxycholic Acid. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 11:1045-1069. [PMID: 33309945 PMCID: PMC7898074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Bile acids (BAs) aid intestinal fat absorption and exert systemic actions by receptor-mediated signaling. BA receptors have been identified as drug targets for liver diseases. Yet, differences in BA metabolism between humans and mice hamper translation of pre-clinical outcomes. Cyp2c70-ablation in mice prevents synthesis of mouse/rat-specific muricholic acids (MCAs), but potential (patho)physiological consequences of their absence are unknown. We therefore assessed age- and gender-dependent effects of Cyp2c70-deficiency in mice. METHODS The consequences of Cyp2c70-deficiency were assessed in male and female mice at different ages. RESULTS Cyp2c70-/- mice were devoid of MCAs and showed high abundances of chenodeoxycholic and lithocholic acids. Cyp2c70-deficiency profoundly impacted microbiome composition. Bile flow and biliary BA secretion were normal in Cyp2c70-/- mice of both sexes. Yet, the pathophysiological consequences of Cyp2c70-deficiency differed considerably between sexes. Three-week old male Cyp2c70-/- mice showed high plasma BAs and transaminases, which spontaneously decreased thereafter to near-normal levels. Only mild ductular reactions were observed in male Cyp2c70-/- mice up to 8 months of age. In female Cyp2c70-/- mice, plasma BAs and transaminases remained substantially elevated with age, gut barrier function was impaired and bridging fibrosis was observed at advanced age. Addition of 0.1% ursodeoxycholic acid to the diet fully normalized hepatic and intestinal functions in female Cyp2c70-/- mice. CONCLUSION Cyp2c70-/- mice show transient neonatal cholestasis and develop cholangiopathic features that progress to bridging fibrosis in females only. These consequences of Cyp2c70-deficiency are restored by treatment with UDCA, indicating a role of BA hydrophobicity in disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Freark de Boer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Hilde D de Vries
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, Campus Fryslân, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - Anna Palmiotti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rumei Li
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marwah Doestzada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Genetics University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Joanne A Hoogerland
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jingyuan Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Genetics University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anouk M La Rose
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marit Westerterp
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Niels L Mulder
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Milaine V Hovingh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn Koehorst
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Niels J Kloosterhuis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Justina C Wolters
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent W Bloks
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Joel T Haas
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - David Dombrowicz
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Bart Staels
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Bart van de Sluis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; iPSC/CRISPR Center Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Folkert Kuipers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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9
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Deleye Y, Cotte AK, Hannou SA, Hennuyer N, Bernard L, Derudas B, Caron S, Legry V, Vallez E, Dorchies E, Martin N, Lancel S, Annicotte JS, Bantubungi K, Pourtier A, Raverdy V, Pattou F, Lefebvre P, Abbadie C, Staels B, Haas JT, Paumelle R. CDKN2A/p16INK4a suppresses hepatic fatty acid oxidation through the AMPKα2-SIRT1-PPARα signaling pathway. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:17310-17322. [PMID: 33037071 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.012543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to their well-known role in the control of cellular proliferation and cancer, cell cycle regulators are increasingly identified as important metabolic modulators. Several GWAS have identified SNPs near CDKN2A, the locus encoding for p16INK4a (p16), associated with elevated risk for cardiovascular diseases and type-2 diabetes development, two pathologies associated with impaired hepatic lipid metabolism. Although p16 was recently shown to control hepatic glucose homeostasis, it is unknown whether p16 also controls hepatic lipid metabolism. Using a combination of in vivo and in vitro approaches, we found that p16 modulates fasting-induced hepatic fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and lipid droplet accumulation. In primary hepatocytes, p16-deficiency was associated with elevated expression of genes involved in fatty acid catabolism. These transcriptional changes led to increased FAO and were associated with enhanced activation of PPARα through a mechanism requiring the catalytic AMPKα2 subunit and SIRT1, two known activators of PPARα. By contrast, p16 overexpression was associated with triglyceride accumulation and increased lipid droplet numbers in vitro, and decreased ketogenesis and hepatic mitochondrial activity in vivo Finally, gene expression analysis of liver samples from obese patients revealed a negative correlation between CDKN2A expression and PPARA and its target genes. Our findings demonstrate that p16 represses hepatic lipid catabolism during fasting and may thus participate in the preservation of metabolic flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Deleye
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Alexia Karen Cotte
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Sarah Anissa Hannou
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Nathalie Hennuyer
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Lucie Bernard
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Bruno Derudas
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Sandrine Caron
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Vanessa Legry
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Vallez
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Emilie Dorchies
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Nathalie Martin
- Univ. Lille, CNRSInstitut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161-M3T-Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Target Therapies, Lille, France
| | - Steve Lancel
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | | | - Kadiombo Bantubungi
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Albin Pourtier
- Univ. Lille, CNRSInstitut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161-M3T-Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Target Therapies, Lille, France
| | - Violeta Raverdy
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR 1190-EGID, Lille, France
| | - François Pattou
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR 1190-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Lefebvre
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Corinne Abbadie
- Univ. Lille, CNRSInstitut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161-M3T-Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Target Therapies, Lille, France
| | - Bart Staels
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Joel T Haas
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Réjane Paumelle
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France.
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10
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Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rapidly becoming a global health problem. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the most common cause of mortality in NAFLD patients. NAFLD and CVD share several common risk factors including obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Atherogenic dyslipidemia, characterized by plasma hypertriglyceridemia, increased small dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles, and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, is often observed in NAFLD patients. Scope of review In this review, we highlight recent epidemiological studies evaluating the link between NAFLD and CVD risk. We further focus on recent mechanistic insights into the links between NAFLD and altered lipoprotein metabolism. We also discuss current therapeutic strategies for NAFLD and their potential impact on NAFLD-associated CVD risk. Major conclusions Alterations in hepatic lipid and lipoprotein metabolism are major contributing factors to the increased CVD risk in NAFLD patients, and many promising NASH therapies in development also improve dyslipidemia in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Deprince
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Joel T Haas
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000, Lille, France.
| | - Bart Staels
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000, Lille, France.
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11
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Grzych G, Vonghia L, Bout MA, Weyler J, Verrijken A, Dirinck E, Chevalier Curt MJ, Van Gaal L, Paumelle R, Francque S, Tailleux A, Haas JT, Staels B. Plasma BCAA Changes in Patients With NAFLD Are Sex Dependent. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5818376. [PMID: 32271385 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Plasma branched chain amino acid (BCAA) concentrations correlate positively with body mass index (BMI), measures of insulin resistance (IR), and severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Moreover, plasma BCAA concentrations also differ between the sexes, which display different susceptibilities to cardio-metabolic diseases. OBJECTIVE Assess whether plasma BCAA concentrations associate with NAFLD severity independently of BMI, IR, and sex. PATIENTS Patients visiting the obesity clinic of the Antwerp University Hospital were consecutively recruited from 2006 to 2014. DESIGN AND SETTING A cross-sectional study cohort of 112 obese patients (59 women and 53 men) was divided into 4 groups according to NAFLD severity. Groups were matched for sex, age, BMI, homeostatic model assessment of IR, and hemoglobin A1c. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Fasting plasma BCAA concentrations were measured by tandem mass spectrometry using the aTRAQ™ method. RESULTS In the study cohort, a modest positive correlation was observed between plasma BCAA concentrations and NAFLD severity, as well as a strong effect of sex on plasma BCAA levels. Subgroup analysis by sex revealed that while plasma BCAA concentrations increased with severity of NAFLD in women, they tended to decrease in men. Additionally, only women displayed significantly increased plasma BCAAs with increasing fibrosis. CONCLUSION Plasma BCAA concentrations display sex-dimorphic changes with increasing severity of NAFLD, independently of BMI, IR, and age. Additionally, plasma BCAA are associated with significant fibrosis in women, but not in men. These results highlight the importance of a careful consideration of sex as a major confounding factor in cross-sectional studies of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Grzych
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Service d'Hormonologie, Métabolisme, Nutrition, Oncologie, Lille, France
| | - Luisa Vonghia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem/Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk/Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marie-Adélaïde Bout
- CHU Lille, Service d'Hormonologie, Métabolisme, Nutrition, Oncologie, Lille, France
| | - Jonas Weyler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem/Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk/Antwerp, Belgium
| | - An Verrijken
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk/Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem/Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Eveline Dirinck
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk/Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem/Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Luc Van Gaal
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk/Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem/Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Réjane Paumelle
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Sven Francque
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem/Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk/Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Anne Tailleux
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Joel T Haas
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Bart Staels
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Service d'Hormonologie, Métabolisme, Nutrition, Oncologie, Lille, France
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12
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Haas JT, Vonghia L, Mogilenko DA, Verrijken A, Molendi-Coste O, Fleury S, Deprince A, Nikitin A, Woitrain E, Ducrocq-Geoffroy L, Pic S, Derudas B, Dehondt H, Gheeraert C, Van Gaal L, Driessen A, Lefebvre P, Staels B, Francque S, Dombrowicz D. Author Correction: Transcriptional network analysis implicates altered hepatic immune function in NASH development and resolution. Nat Metab 2019; 1:744. [PMID: 32694642 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-019-0093-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In the version of this article initially published, ANR grant ANR-16-RHUS-0006 to author Joel T. Haas was not included in the Acknowledgements. The error has been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel T Haas
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Luisa Vonghia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Denis A Mogilenko
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - An Verrijken
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Olivier Molendi-Coste
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Sébastien Fleury
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Audrey Deprince
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Artemii Nikitin
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Eloïse Woitrain
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Lucie Ducrocq-Geoffroy
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Samuel Pic
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Bruno Derudas
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Hélène Dehondt
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Céline Gheeraert
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Luc Van Gaal
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ann Driessen
- Department of Pathology, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Philippe Lefebvre
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Bart Staels
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Sven Francque
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - David Dombrowicz
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France.
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13
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Mogilenko DA, Haas JT, L'homme L, Fleury S, Quemener S, Levavasseur M, Becquart C, Wartelle J, Bogomolova A, Pineau L, Molendi-Coste O, Lancel S, Dehondt H, Gheeraert C, Melchior A, Dewas C, Nikitin A, Pic S, Rabhi N, Annicotte JS, Oyadomari S, Velasco-Hernandez T, Cammenga J, Foretz M, Viollet B, Vukovic M, Villacreces A, Kranc K, Carmeliet P, Marot G, Boulter A, Tavernier S, Berod L, Longhi MP, Paget C, Janssens S, Staumont-Sallé D, Aksoy E, Staels B, Dombrowicz D. Metabolic and Innate Immune Cues Merge into a Specific Inflammatory Response via the UPR. Cell 2019; 178:263. [PMID: 31251916 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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14
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Haas JT, Vonghia L, Mogilenko DA, Verrijken A, Molendi-Coste O, Fleury S, Deprince A, Nikitin A, Woitrain E, Ducrocq-Geoffroy L, Pic S, Derudas B, Dehondt H, Gheeraert C, Van Gaal L, Driessen A, Lefebvre P, Staels B, Francque S, Dombrowicz D. Transcriptional Network Analysis Implicates Altered Hepatic Immune Function in NASH development and resolution. Nat Metab 2019; 1:604-614. [PMID: 31701087 PMCID: PMC6837876 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-019-0076-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Progression of fatty liver to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a rapidly growing health problem. Presence of inflammatory infiltrates in the liver and hepatocyte damage distinguish NASH from simple steatosis. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in the development of NASH remain to be fully understood. Here we perform transcriptional and immune profiling of NASH patients before and after lifestyle intervention (LSI). Analysis of liver microarray data from a cohort of patients with histologically assessed NAFLD reveals a hepatic gene signature, which is associated with NASH and is sensitive to regression of NASH activity upon LSI independently of body weight loss. Enrichment analysis reveals the presence of immune-associated genes linked to inflammatory responses, antigen presentation and cytotoxic cells in the NASH-linked gene signature. In an independent cohort, NASH is also associated with alterations in blood immune cell populations, including conventional dendritic cells (cDC) type 1 and 2, and cytotoxic CD8 T cells. Lobular inflammation and ballooning are associated with the accumulation of CD8 T cells in the liver. Progression from simple steatosis to NASH in a mouse model of diet-driven NASH results in a comparable immune-related hepatic expression signature and the accumulation of intra-hepatic cDC and CD8 T cells. These results show that NASH, compared to normal liver or simple steatosis, is associated with a distinct hepatic immune-related gene signature, elevated hepatic CD8 T cells, and altered antigen-presenting and cytotoxic cells in blood. These findings expand our understanding of NASH and may identify potential targets for NASH therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel T. Haas
- University of Lille, EGID, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, Lille, France
| | - Luisa Vonghia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Address for correspondence: David Dombrowicz. Inserm U1011. Institut Pasteur de Lille. 1, r. Prof. Calmette BP245. 59019 Lille Cedex. France. . Luisa Vonghia. Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerp. Gastro-enterologie en Hepatologie. Wilrijkstraat 10. 2650 Edegem. Belgium.
| | - Denis A. Mogilenko
- University of Lille, EGID, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, Lille, France
| | - An Verrijken
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Olivier Molendi-Coste
- University of Lille, EGID, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, Lille, France
| | - Sébastien Fleury
- University of Lille, EGID, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, Lille, France
| | - Audrey Deprince
- University of Lille, EGID, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, Lille, France
| | - Artemii Nikitin
- University of Lille, EGID, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, Lille, France
| | - Eloïse Woitrain
- University of Lille, EGID, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, Lille, France
| | - Lucie Ducrocq-Geoffroy
- University of Lille, EGID, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, Lille, France
| | - Samuel Pic
- University of Lille, EGID, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, Lille, France
| | - Bruno Derudas
- University of Lille, EGID, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, Lille, France
| | - Hélène Dehondt
- University of Lille, EGID, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, Lille, France
| | - Céline Gheeraert
- University of Lille, EGID, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, Lille, France
| | - Luc Van Gaal
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ann Driessen
- Department of Pathology, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Philippe Lefebvre
- University of Lille, EGID, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, Lille, France
| | - Bart Staels
- University of Lille, EGID, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, Lille, France
| | - Sven Francque
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - David Dombrowicz
- University of Lille, EGID, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, Lille, France
- Address for correspondence: David Dombrowicz. Inserm U1011. Institut Pasteur de Lille. 1, r. Prof. Calmette BP245. 59019 Lille Cedex. France. . Luisa Vonghia. Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerp. Gastro-enterologie en Hepatologie. Wilrijkstraat 10. 2650 Edegem. Belgium.
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel T Haas
- INSERM UMR1011, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, University of Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Bart Staels
- INSERM UMR1011, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, University of Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France.
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16
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Mogilenko DA, Haas JT, L'homme L, Fleury S, Quemener S, Levavasseur M, Becquart C, Wartelle J, Bogomolova A, Pineau L, Molendi-Coste O, Lancel S, Dehondt H, Gheeraert C, Melchior A, Dewas C, Nikitin A, Pic S, Rabhi N, Annicotte JS, Oyadomari S, Velasco-Hernandez T, Cammenga J, Foretz M, Viollet B, Vukovic M, Villacreces A, Kranc K, Carmeliet P, Marot G, Boulter A, Tavernier S, Berod L, Longhi MP, Paget C, Janssens S, Staumont-Sallé D, Aksoy E, Staels B, Dombrowicz D. Metabolic and Innate Immune Cues Merge into a Specific Inflammatory Response via the UPR. Cell 2019; 177:1201-1216.e19. [PMID: 31031005 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Innate immune responses are intricately linked with intracellular metabolism of myeloid cells. Toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation shifts intracellular metabolism toward glycolysis, while anti-inflammatory signals depend on enhanced mitochondrial respiration. How exogenous metabolic signals affect the immune response is unknown. We demonstrate that TLR-dependent responses of dendritic cells (DCs) are exacerbated by a high-fatty-acid (FA) metabolic environment. FAs suppress the TLR-induced hexokinase activity and perturb tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolism. These metabolic changes enhance mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) production and, in turn, the unfolded protein response (UPR), leading to a distinct transcriptomic signature with IL-23 as hallmark. Interestingly, chemical or genetic suppression of glycolysis was sufficient to induce this specific immune response. Conversely, reducing mtROS production or DC-specific deficiency in XBP1 attenuated IL-23 expression and skin inflammation in an IL-23-dependent model of psoriasis. Thus, fine-tuning of innate immunity depends on optimization of metabolic demands and minimization of mtROS-induced UPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis A Mogilenko
- University of Lille, EGID, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, 59019 Lille, France
| | - Joel T Haas
- University of Lille, EGID, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, 59019 Lille, France
| | - Laurent L'homme
- University of Lille, EGID, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, 59019 Lille, France
| | - Sébastien Fleury
- University of Lille, EGID, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, 59019 Lille, France
| | - Sandrine Quemener
- University of Lille, EGID, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, 59019 Lille, France
| | - Matthieu Levavasseur
- University of Lille, EGID, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, 59019 Lille, France; Department of Dermatology, CHU Lille, 59045 Lille, France
| | - Coralie Becquart
- University of Lille, EGID, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, 59019 Lille, France; Department of Dermatology, CHU Lille, 59045 Lille, France
| | - Julien Wartelle
- University of Lille, EGID, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, 59019 Lille, France
| | - Alexandra Bogomolova
- University of Lille, EGID, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, 59019 Lille, France
| | - Laurent Pineau
- University of Lille, EGID, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, 59019 Lille, France
| | - Olivier Molendi-Coste
- University of Lille, EGID, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, 59019 Lille, France
| | - Steve Lancel
- University of Lille, EGID, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, 59019 Lille, France
| | - Hélène Dehondt
- University of Lille, EGID, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, 59019 Lille, France
| | - Celine Gheeraert
- University of Lille, EGID, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, 59019 Lille, France
| | - Aurelie Melchior
- University of Lille, EGID, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, 59019 Lille, France
| | - Cédric Dewas
- University of Lille, EGID, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, 59019 Lille, France
| | - Artemii Nikitin
- University of Lille, EGID, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, 59019 Lille, France
| | - Samuel Pic
- University of Lille, EGID, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, 59019 Lille, France
| | - Nabil Rabhi
- University of Lille, EGID, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199, 59019 Lille, France
| | - Jean-Sébastien Annicotte
- University of Lille, EGID, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199, 59019 Lille, France
| | - Seiichi Oyadomari
- Fujii Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Talia Velasco-Hernandez
- Department of Hematology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jörg Cammenga
- Department of Hematology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Marc Foretz
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France; INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Benoit Viollet
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France; INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Milica Vukovic
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts, and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Arnaud Villacreces
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts, and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Kamil Kranc
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts, and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, 3000 Belgium
| | - Guillemette Marot
- Université Lille, MODAL Team, Inria Lille-Nord Europe, 59650 Villeneuve-d'Ascq, France
| | - Alexis Boulter
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Simon Tavernier
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research and Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luciana Berod
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A Joint Venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Niedersachsen 30625, Germany
| | - Maria P Longhi
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts, and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Christophe Paget
- Université de Tours, INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100, 37041 Tours, France
| | - Sophie Janssens
- ER Stress and Inflammation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, and Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Delphine Staumont-Sallé
- University of Lille, EGID, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, 59019 Lille, France; Department of Dermatology, CHU Lille, 59045 Lille, France
| | - Ezra Aksoy
- Centre for Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Bart Staels
- University of Lille, EGID, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, 59019 Lille, France
| | - David Dombrowicz
- University of Lille, EGID, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, 59019 Lille, France.
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17
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Abstract
While intermittent or periodic fasting provides a variety of favorable health benefits, the molecular mediators of these effects are poorly understood. In this issue of Cell Metabolism, Li and colleagues (2017) highlight the role of gut microbiota in mediating benefits of intermittent fasting through activation of adipose tissue beiging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel T Haas
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (E.G.I.D), University of Lille, EGID, 59000 Lille, France; INSERM UMR 1011, 59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Bart Staels
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (E.G.I.D), University of Lille, EGID, 59000 Lille, France; INSERM UMR 1011, 59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; University Hospital CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France.
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18
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Legry V, Francque S, Haas JT, Verrijken A, Caron S, Chávez-Talavera O, Vallez E, Vonghia L, Dirinck E, Verhaegen A, Kouach M, Lestavel S, Lefebvre P, Van Gaal L, Tailleux A, Paumelle R, Staels B. Bile Acid Alterations Are Associated With Insulin Resistance, but Not With NASH, in Obese Subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:3783-3794. [PMID: 28938455 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-01397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Bile acids (BAs) are signaling molecules controlling energy homeostasis that can be both toxic and protective for the liver. BA alterations have been reported in obesity, insulin resistance (IR), and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, whether BA alterations contribute to NASH independently of the metabolic status is unclear. OBJECTIVE To assess BA alterations associated with NASH independently of body mass index and IR. DESIGN AND SETTING Patients visiting the obesity clinic of the Antwerp University Hospital (a tertiary referral facility) were recruited from 2006 to 2014. PATIENTS Obese patients with biopsy-proven NASH (n = 32) and healthy livers (n = 26) were matched on body mass index and homeostasis model assessment of IR. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Transcriptomic analyses were performed on liver biopsies. Plasma concentrations of 21 BA species and 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one, a marker of BA synthesis, were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Plasma fibroblast growth factor 19 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Plasma BA concentrations did not correlate with any hepatic lesions, whereas, as previously reported, primary BA strongly correlated with IR. Transcriptomic analyses showed unaltered hepatic BA metabolism in NASH patients. In line, plasma 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one was unchanged in NASH. Moreover, no sign of hepatic BA accumulation or activation of BA receptors-farnesoid X, pregnane X, and vitamin D receptors-was found. Finally, plasma fibroblast growth factor 19, secondary-to-primary BA, and free-to-conjugated BA ratios were similar, suggesting unaltered intestinal BA metabolism and signaling. CONCLUSIONS In obese patients, BA alterations are related to the metabolic phenotype associated with NASH, especially IR, but not liver necroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Legry
- Université Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Sven Francque
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem/Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk/Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Joel T Haas
- Université Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - An Verrijken
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk/Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Egedem/Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Caron
- Université Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Oscar Chávez-Talavera
- Université Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Vallez
- Université Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Luisa Vonghia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem/Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk/Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Eveline Dirinck
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Egedem/Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ann Verhaegen
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Egedem/Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Mostafa Kouach
- Plateau de Spectrométrie de Masse-Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, (PSM-GRITA), Faculté de Pharmacie, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Sophie Lestavel
- Université Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Philippe Lefebvre
- Université Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Luc Van Gaal
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk/Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Egedem/Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Anne Tailleux
- Université Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Réjane Paumelle
- Université Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Bart Staels
- Université Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, F-59000 Lille, France
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19
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Chitraju C, Mejhert N, Haas JT, Diaz-Ramirez LG, Grueter CA, Imbriglio JE, Pinto S, Koliwad SK, Walther TC, Farese RV. Triglyceride Synthesis by DGAT1 Protects Adipocytes from Lipid-Induced ER Stress during Lipolysis. Cell Metab 2017; 26:407-418.e3. [PMID: 28768178 PMCID: PMC6195226 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Triglyceride (TG) storage in adipose tissue provides the major reservoir for metabolic energy in mammals. During lipolysis, fatty acids (FAs) are hydrolyzed from adipocyte TG stores and transported to other tissues for fuel. For unclear reasons, a large portion of hydrolyzed FAs in adipocytes is re-esterified to TGs in a "futile," ATP-consuming, energy dissipating cycle. Here we show that FA re-esterification during adipocyte lipolysis is mediated by DGAT1, an ER-localized DGAT enzyme. Surprisingly, this re-esterification cycle does not preserve TG mass but instead functions to protect the ER from lipotoxic stress and related consequences, such as adipose tissue inflammation. Our data reveal an important role for DGAT activity and TG synthesis generally in averting ER stress and lipotoxicity, with specifically DGAT1 performing this function during stimulated lipolysis in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandramohan Chitraju
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Niklas Mejhert
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joel T Haas
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - Carrie A Grueter
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | | | - Suneil K Koliwad
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Tobias C Walther
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Robert V Farese
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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20
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Abstract
Oxidative stress has long been considered a key driving factor of many obesity-related health problems. However, recent work by Merry, Tran et al (Diabetologia DOI 10.1007/s00125-016-4084-3 ) challenges this idea with an interesting study using a hepatocyte-specific Gpx1-knockout (HGKO) mouse. GPX1 is an important detoxification enzyme that converts H2O2 to water. The authors found that high-fat diet-fed HGKO mice were more insulin sensitive than wildtype controls, despite elevated hepatic levels of H2O2 and evidence of increased systemic oxidative stress. When challenged with a non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-inducing diet, HGKO mice were also protected, displaying reduced levels of inflammation and fibrosis with similar levels of steatosis compared with controls. These findings call into question the role of reactive oxygen species in NASH pathogenesis and highlight a potential paradox whereby increased H2O2 may be beneficial in some contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel T Haas
- Université de Lille, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), U1011, Lille, France
- U1011, Inserm, Lille, France
- Department of Biology, Pathology and Genetics, CHU Lille, Lille, France
- U1011, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Bart Staels
- Université de Lille, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), U1011, Lille, France.
- U1011, Inserm, Lille, France.
- Department of Biology, Pathology and Genetics, CHU Lille, Lille, France.
- U1011, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette, 59000, Lille, France.
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21
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Haas JT, Staels B. Cholesteryl-ester transfer protein (CETP): A Kupffer cell marker linking hepatic inflammation with atherogenic dyslipidemia? Hepatology 2015; 62:1659-61. [PMID: 26282884 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joel T Haas
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (E.G.I.D.), FR 3508, Lille, France.,University of Lille, Lille, France.,INSERM, UMR 1011, Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Bart Staels
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (E.G.I.D.), FR 3508, Lille, France.,University of Lille, Lille, France.,INSERM, UMR 1011, Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
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22
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Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a spectrum of liver disorders characterized by abnormal hepatic fat accumulation, inflammation, and hepatocyte dysfunction. Importantly, it is also closely linked to obesity and the metabolic syndrome. NAFLD predisposes susceptible individuals to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and cardiovascular disease. Although the precise signals remain poorly understood, NAFLD pathogenesis likely involves actions of the different hepatic cell types and multiple extrahepatic signals. The complexity of this disease has been a major impediment to the development of appropriate metrics of its progression and effective therapies. Recent clinical data place increasing importance on identifying fibrosis, as it is a strong indicator of hepatic disease-related mortality. Preclinical modeling of the fibrotic process remains challenging, particularly in the contexts of obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Future studies are needed to define the molecular pathways determining the natural progression of NAFLD, including key determinants of fibrosis and disease-related outcomes. This review covers the evolving concepts of NAFLD from both human and animal studies. We discuss recent clinical and diagnostic methods assessing NAFLD diagnosis, progression, and outcomes; compare the features of genetic and dietary animal models of NAFLD; and highlight pharmacological approaches for disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel T Haas
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), FR 3508, F-59000 Lille, France; , .,Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.,INSERM UMR 1011, F-59000 Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Sven Francque
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Antwerp, Belgium; .,Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bart Staels
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), FR 3508, F-59000 Lille, France; , .,Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.,INSERM UMR 1011, F-59000 Lille, France.,Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
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23
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Wilfling F, Haas JT, Walther TC, Farese RV. Lipid droplet biogenesis. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2014; 29:39-45. [PMID: 24736091 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are found in most cells, where they play central roles in energy and membrane lipid metabolism. The de novo biogenesis of LDs is a fascinating, yet poorly understood process involving the formation of a monolayer bound organelle from a bilayer membrane. Additionally, large LDs can form either by growth of existing LDs or by the combination of smaller LDs through several distinct mechanisms. Here, we review recent insights into the molecular process governing LD biogenesis and highlight areas of incomplete knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Wilfling
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joel T Haas
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California-San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tobias C Walther
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Robert V Farese
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California-San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, CA, USA.
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24
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Miao J, Haas JT, Manthena P, Wang Y, Zhao E, Vaitheesvaran B, Kurland IJ, Biddinger SB. Hepatic insulin receptor deficiency impairs the SREBP-2 response to feeding and statins. J Lipid Res 2014; 55:659-67. [PMID: 24516236 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m043711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver plays a central role in metabolism and mediating insulin action. To dissect the effects of insulin on the liver in vivo, we have studied liver insulin receptor knockout (LIRKO) mice. Because LIRKO livers lack insulin receptors, they are unable to respond to insulin. Surprisingly, the most profound derangement observed in LIRKO livers by microarray analysis is a suppression of the cholesterologenic genes. Sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)-2 promotes cholesterologenic gene transcription, and is inhibited by intracellular cholesterol. LIRKO livers show a slight increase in hepatic cholesterol, a 40% decrease in Srebp-2, and a 50-90% decrease in the cholesterologenic genes at the mRNA and protein levels. In control mice, SREBP-2 and cholesterologenic gene expression are suppressed by fasting and restored by refeeding; in LIRKO mice, this response is abolished. Similarly, the ability of statins to induce Srebp-2 and the cholesterologenic genes is lost in LIRKO livers. In contrast, ezetimibe treatment robustly induces Srepb-2 and its targets in LIRKO livers, raising the possibility that insulin may regulate SREBP-2 indirectly, by altering the accumulation or distribution of cholesterol within the hepatocyte. Taken together, these data indicate that cholesterol synthesis is a key target of insulin action in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Miao
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
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25
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Camus G, Herker E, Modi AA, Haas JT, Ramage HR, Farese RV, Ott M. Diacylglycerol acyltransferase-1 localizes hepatitis C virus NS5A protein to lipid droplets and enhances NS5A interaction with the viral capsid core. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:9915-9923. [PMID: 23420847 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.434910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The triglyceride-synthesizing enzyme acyl CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) plays a critical role in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection by recruiting the HCV capsid protein core onto the surface of cellular lipid droplets (LDs). Here we find a new interaction between the non-structural protein NS5A and DGAT1 and show that the trafficking of NS5A to LDs depends on DGAT1 activity. DGAT1 forms a complex with NS5A and core and facilitates the interaction between both viral proteins. A catalytically inactive mutant of DGAT1 (H426A) blocks the localization of NS5A, but not core, to LDs in a dominant-negative manner and impairs the release of infectious viral particles, underscoring the importance of DGAT1-mediated translocation of NS5A to LDs in viral particle production. We propose a model whereby DGAT1 serves as a cellular hub for HCV core and NS5A proteins, guiding both onto the surface of the same subset of LDs, those generated by DGAT1. These results highlight the critical role of DGAT1 as a host factor for HCV infection and as a potential drug target for antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Camus
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg 20251, Germany
| | - Eva Herker
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg 20251, Germany; UCSF Liver Center, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg 20251, Germany; Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg 20251, Germany
| | - Ankit A Modi
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg 20251, Germany
| | - Joel T Haas
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Holly R Ramage
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg 20251, Germany
| | - Robert V Farese
- UCSF Liver Center, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg 20251, Germany; Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Melanie Ott
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg 20251, Germany; UCSF Liver Center, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg 20251, Germany; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158.
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26
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Wilfling F, Wang H, Haas JT, Krahmer N, Gould TJ, Uchida A, Cheng JX, Graham M, Christiano R, Fröhlich F, Liu X, Buhman KK, Coleman RA, Bewersdorf J, Farese RV, Walther TC. Triacylglycerol synthesis enzymes mediate lipid droplet growth by relocalizing from the ER to lipid droplets. Dev Cell 2013; 24:384-99. [PMID: 23415954 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2013.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 539] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) store metabolic energy and membrane lipid precursors. With excess metabolic energy, cells synthesize triacylglycerol (TG) and form LDs that grow dramatically. It is unclear how TG synthesis relates to LD formation and growth. Here, we identify two LD subpopulations: smaller LDs of relatively constant size, and LDs that grow larger. The latter population contains isoenzymes for each step of TG synthesis. Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 4 (GPAT4), which catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step, relocalizes from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to a subset of forming LDs, where it becomes stably associated. ER-to-LD targeting of GPAT4 and other LD-localized TG synthesis isozymes is required for LD growth. Key features of GPAT4 ER-to-LD targeting and function in LD growth are conserved between Drosophila and mammalian cells. Our results explain how TG synthesis is coupled with LD growth and identify two distinct LD subpopulations based on their capacity for localized TG synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Wilfling
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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27
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Haas JT, Winter HS, Lim E, Kirby A, Blumenstiel B, DeFelice M, Gabriel S, Jalas C, Branski D, Grueter CA, Toporovski MS, Walther TC, Daly MJ, Farese RV. DGAT1 mutation is linked to a congenital diarrheal disorder. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:4680-4. [PMID: 23114594 DOI: 10.1172/jci64873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital diarrheal disorders (CDDs) are a collection of rare, heterogeneous enteropathies with early onset and often severe outcomes. Here, we report a family of Ashkenazi Jewish descent, with 2 out of 3 children affected by CDD. Both affected children presented 3 days after birth with severe, intractable diarrhea. One child died from complications at age 17 months. The second child showed marked improvement, with resolution of most symptoms at 10 to 12 months of age. Using exome sequencing, we identified a rare splice site mutation in the DGAT1 gene and found that both affected children were homozygous carriers. Molecular analysis of the mutant allele indicated a total loss of function, with no detectable DGAT1 protein or activity produced. The precise cause of diarrhea is unknown, but we speculate that it relates to abnormal fat absorption and buildup of DGAT substrates in the intestinal mucosa. Our results identify DGAT1 loss-of-function mutations as a rare cause of CDDs. These findings prompt concern for DGAT1 inhibition in humans, which is being assessed for treating metabolic and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel T Haas
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
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28
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Eichmann TO, Kumari M, Haas JT, Farese RV, Zimmermann R, Lass A, Zechner R. Studies on the substrate and stereo/regioselectivity of adipose triglyceride lipase, hormone-sensitive lipase, and diacylglycerol-O-acyltransferases. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:41446-57. [PMID: 23066022 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.400416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) is rate-limiting for the initial step of triacylglycerol (TAG) hydrolysis, generating diacylglycerol (DAG) and fatty acids. DAG exists in three stereochemical isoforms. Here we show that ATGL exhibits a strong preference for the hydrolysis of long-chain fatty acid esters at the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone. The selectivity of ATGL broadens to the sn-1 position upon stimulation of the enzyme by its co-activator CGI-58. sn-1,3 DAG is the preferred substrate for the consecutive hydrolysis by hormone-sensitive lipase. Interestingly, diacylglycerol-O-acyltransferase 2, present at the endoplasmic reticulum and on lipid droplets, preferentially esterifies sn-1,3 DAG. This suggests that ATGL and diacylglycerol-O-acyltransferase 2 act coordinately in the hydrolysis/re-esterification cycle of TAGs on lipid droplets. Because ATGL preferentially generates sn-1,3 and sn-2,3, it suggests that TAG-derived DAG cannot directly enter phospholipid synthesis or activate protein kinase C without prior isomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas O Eichmann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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29
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Xu N, Zhang SO, Cole RA, McKinney SA, Guo F, Haas JT, Bobba S, Farese RV, Mak HY. The FATP1-DGAT2 complex facilitates lipid droplet expansion at the ER-lipid droplet interface. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 198:895-911. [PMID: 22927462 PMCID: PMC3432760 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201201139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A complex between the ER resident protein FATP1 and the lipid droplet–localized DGAT2 protein facilitates lipid droplet expansion in C. elegans and mammalian cells. At the subcellular level, fat storage is confined to the evolutionarily conserved compartments termed lipid droplets (LDs), which are closely associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). However, the molecular mechanisms that enable ER–LD interaction and facilitate neutral lipid loading into LDs are poorly understood. In this paper, we present evidence that FATP1/acyl-CoA synthetase and DGAT2/diacylglycerol acyltransferase are components of a triglyceride synthesis complex that facilitates LD expansion. A loss of FATP1 or DGAT2 function blocked LD expansion in Caenorhabditis elegans. FATP1 preferentially associated with DGAT2, and they acted synergistically to promote LD expansion in mammalian cells. Live imaging indicated that FATP1 and DGAT2 are ER and LD resident proteins, respectively, and electron microscopy revealed FATP1 and DGAT2 foci close to the LD surface. Furthermore, DGAT2 that was retained in the ER failed to support LD expansion. We propose that the evolutionarily conserved FATP1–DGAT2 complex acts at the ER–LD interface and couples the synthesis and deposition of triglycerides into LDs both physically and functionally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningyi Xu
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
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30
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Haas JT, Miao J, Chanda D, Wang Y, Zhao E, Haas ME, Hirschey M, Vaitheesvaran B, Farese RV, Kurland IJ, Graham M, Crooke R, Foufelle F, Biddinger SB. Hepatic insulin signaling is required for obesity-dependent expression of SREBP-1c mRNA but not for feeding-dependent expression. Cell Metab 2012; 15:873-84. [PMID: 22682225 PMCID: PMC3383842 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2012.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Revised: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dissecting the role of insulin in the complex regulation of triglyceride metabolism is necessary for understanding dyslipidemia and steatosis. Liver insulin receptor knockout (LIRKO) mice show that in the physiological context of feeding, hepatic insulin signaling is not required for the induction of mTORC1, an upstream activator of the lipogenic regulator, SREBP-1c. Feeding induces SREBP-1c mRNA in LIRKO livers, though not to the extent observed in controls. A high fructose diet also partially induces SREBP-1c and lipogenic gene expression in LIRKO livers. Insulin signaling becomes more important in the pathological context of obesity, as knockdown of the insulin receptor in ob/ob mice, a model of Type 2 diabetes, using antisense oligonucleotides, abolishes the induction of SREBP-1c and its targets by obesity and ameliorates steatosis. Thus, insulin-independent signaling pathways can partially compensate for insulin in the induction of SREBP-1c by feeding but the further induction by obesity/Type 2 diabetes is entirely dependent upon insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel T Haas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California-San Francisco, and Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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31
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Harris CA, Haas JT, Streeper RS, Stone SJ, Kumari M, Yang K, Han X, Brownell N, Gross RW, Zechner R, Farese RV. DGAT enzymes are required for triacylglycerol synthesis and lipid droplets in adipocytes. J Lipid Res 2011; 52:657-67. [PMID: 21317108 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m013003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The total contribution of the acyl CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) enzymes, DGAT1 and DGAT2, to mammalian triacylglycerol (TG) synthesis has not been determined. Similarly, whether DGAT enzymes are required for lipid droplet (LD) formation is unknown. In this study, we examined the requirement for DGAT enzymes in TG synthesis and LDs in differentiated adipocytes with genetic deletions of DGAT1 and DGAT2. Adipocytes with a single deletion of either enzyme were capable of TG synthesis and LD formation. In contrast, adipocytes with deletions of both DGATs were severely lacking in TG and did not have LDs, indicating that DGAT1 and DGAT2 account for nearly all TG synthesis in adipocytes and appear to be required for LD formation during adipogenesis. DGAT enzymes were not absolutely required for LD formation in mammalian cells, however; macrophages deficient in both DGAT enzymes were able to form LDs when incubated with cholesterol-rich lipoproteins. Although adipocytes lacking both DGATs had no TG or LDs, they were fully differentiated by multiple criteria. Our findings show that DGAT1 and DGAT2 account for the vast majority of TG synthesis in mice, and DGAT function is required for LDs in adipocytes, but not in all cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A Harris
- Gladstone Institute for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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32
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Caron S, Verrijken A, Mertens I, Samanez CH, Mautino G, Haas JT, Duran-Sandoval D, Prawitt J, Francque S, Vallez E, Muhr-Tailleux A, Berard I, Kuipers F, Kuivenhoven JA, Biddinger SB, Taskinen MR, Van Gaal L, Staels B. Transcriptional activation of apolipoprotein CIII expression by glucose may contribute to diabetic dyslipidemia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2010; 31:513-9. [PMID: 21183731 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.110.220723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypertriglyceridemia and fatty liver are common in patients with type 2 diabetes, but the factors connecting alterations in glucose metabolism with plasma and liver lipid metabolism remain unclear. Apolipoprotein CIII (apoCIII), a regulator of hepatic and plasma triglyceride metabolism, is elevated in type 2 diabetes. In this study, we analyzed whether apoCIII is affected by altered glucose metabolism. METHODS AND RESULTS Liver-specific insulin receptor-deficient mice display lower hepatic apoCIII mRNA levels than controls, suggesting that factors other than insulin regulate apoCIII in vivo. Glucose induces apoCIII transcription in primary rat hepatocytes and immortalized human hepatocytes via a mechanism involving the transcription factors carbohydrate response element-binding protein and hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α. ApoCIII induction by glucose is blunted by treatment with agonists of farnesoid X receptor and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α but not liver X receptor, ie, nuclear receptors controlling triglyceride metabolism. Moreover, in obese humans, plasma apoCIII protein correlates more closely with plasma fasting glucose and glucose excursion after oral glucose load than with insulin. CONCLUSIONS Glucose induces apoCIII transcription, which may represent a mechanism linking hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes.
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33
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Over 20 years ago, insulin resistance was postulated to play a central role in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome. However, this has been difficult to prove, leading to a great deal of controversy within the field. Recent studies on mice and humans with genetic defects in insulin signaling have allowed us, for the first time, to dissect which features of the metabolic syndrome can be caused by insulin resistance. RECENT FINDINGS Liver insulin receptor knockout mice show that hepatic insulin resistance can produce hyperglycemia, increased apolipoprotein B secretion and atherosclerosis, and increased biliary cholesterol secretion and cholesterol gallstones. Many of these changes may be due to disinhibition of the transcription factor, forkhead box O1. Yet, neither liver insulin receptor knockout mice nor humans with insulin receptor mutations develop the hypertriglyceridemia or hepatic steatosis associated with the metabolic syndrome. SUMMARY These data point to a central role for insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome, as hyperglycemia, atherosclerosis, and cholesterol gallstones can all be caused by insulin resistance. However, hypertriglyceridemia and hepatic steatosis are not due directly to insulin resistance and should be considered pathogenically distinct features of the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel T. Haas
- Joslin Diabetes Center, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sudha B. Biddinger
- Joslin Diabetes Center, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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34
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Biddinger SB, Hernandez-Ono A, Rask-Madsen C, Haas JT, Alemán JO, Suzuki R, Scapa EF, Agarwal C, Carey MC, Stephanopoulos G, Cohen DE, King GL, Ginsberg HN, Kahn CR. Hepatic insulin resistance is sufficient to produce dyslipidemia and susceptibility to atherosclerosis. Cell Metab 2008; 7:125-34. [PMID: 18249172 PMCID: PMC4251554 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2007.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2007] [Revised: 10/15/2007] [Accepted: 11/20/2007] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance plays a central role in the development of the metabolic syndrome, but how it relates to cardiovascular disease remains controversial. Liver insulin receptor knockout (LIRKO) mice have pure hepatic insulin resistance. On a standard chow diet, LIRKO mice have a proatherogenic lipoprotein profile with reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles that are markedly enriched in cholesterol. This is due to increased secretion and decreased clearance of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins, coupled with decreased triglyceride secretion secondary to increased expression of Pgc-1 beta (Ppargc-1b), which promotes VLDL secretion, but decreased expression of Srebp-1c (Srebf1), Srebp-2 (Srebf2), and their targets, the lipogenic enzymes and the LDL receptor. Within 12 weeks on an atherogenic diet, LIRKO mice show marked hypercholesterolemia, and 100% of LIRKO mice, but 0% of controls, develop severe atherosclerosis. Thus, insulin resistance at the level of the liver is sufficient to produce the dyslipidemia and increased risk of atherosclerosis associated with the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha B Biddinger
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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35
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Zaheer A, Haas JT, Reyes C, Mathur SN, Yang B, Lim R. GMF-knockout mice are unable to induce brain-derived neurotrophic factor after exercise. Neurochem Res 2006; 31:579-84. [PMID: 16758368 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-006-9049-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2006] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We earlier reported that overexpression of glia maturation factor (GMF) in cultured astrocytes enhances the production of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The current study was conducted to find out whether BDNF production is impaired in animals devoid of GMF. To this end GMF-knockout (KO) mice were subjected to exercise and the neurotrophin mRNAs were determined by real-time RT-PCR. Compared to wild-type (WT) mice, there is a decrease in exercise-induced BDNF in the KO mice. The observation was correlated with the finding that, in WT mice, exercise increases GMF expression. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that GMF is necessary for exercise-induction of BDNF, and that GMF may promote neuroprotection through BDNF production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asgar Zaheer
- Department of Neurology (Division of Neurochemistry and Neurobiology), Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, 52242, USA.
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