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Acosta-Rodríguez VA, Rijo-Ferreira F, van Rosmalen L, Izumo M, Park N, Joseph C, Hepler C, Thorne AK, Stubblefield J, Bass J, Green CB, Takahashi JS. Misaligned feeding uncouples daily rhythms within brown adipose tissue and between peripheral clocks. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114523. [PMID: 39046875 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Extended food consumption during the rest period perturbs the phase relationship between circadian clocks in the periphery and the brain, leading to adverse health effects. Beyond the liver, how metabolic organs respond to a timed hypocaloric diet is largely unexplored. We investigated how feeding schedules impacted circadian gene expression in epididymal white and brown adipose tissue (eWAT and BAT) compared to the liver and hypothalamus. We restricted food to either daytime or nighttime in C57BL/6J male mice, with or without caloric restriction. Unlike the liver and eWAT, rhythmic clock genes in the BAT remained insensitive to feeding time, similar to the hypothalamus. We uncovered an internal split within the BAT in response to conflicting environmental cues, displaying inverted oscillations on a subset of metabolic genes without modifying its local core circadian machinery. Integrating tissue-specific responses on circadian transcriptional networks with metabolic outcomes may help elucidate the mechanism underlying the health burden of eating at unusual times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A Acosta-Rodríguez
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9111, USA.
| | - Filipa Rijo-Ferreira
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9111, USA; Berkeley Public Health, Molecular Cell Biology Department, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Laura van Rosmalen
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9111, USA; The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Mariko Izumo
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9111, USA
| | - Noheon Park
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9111, USA
| | - Chryshanthi Joseph
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9111, USA
| | - Chelsea Hepler
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anneke K Thorne
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jeremy Stubblefield
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9111, USA; Benedictine College, Atchison, KS, USA
| | - Joseph Bass
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carla B Green
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9111, USA.
| | - Joseph S Takahashi
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9111, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9111, USA.
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Katsioudi G, Biancolin AD, Jiménez-Sanchez C, Dibner C. Human primary cells can tell body time: Dedicated to Steven A. Brown. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 60:3946-3960. [PMID: 38951126 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
The field of chronobiology has advanced significantly since ancient observations of natural rhythms. The intricate molecular architecture of circadian clocks, their hierarchical organization within the mammalian body, and their pivotal roles in organ physiology highlight the complexity and significance of these internal timekeeping mechanisms. In humans, circadian phenotypes exhibit considerable variability among individuals and throughout the individual's lifespan. A fundamental challenge in mechanistic studies of human chronobiology arises from the difficulty of conducting serial sampling from most organs. The concept of studying circadian clocks in vitro relies on the groundbreaking discovery by Ueli Schibler and colleagues that nearly every cell in the body harbours autonomous molecular oscillators. The advent of circadian bioluminescent reporters has provided a new perspective for this approach, enabling high-resolution continuous measurements of cell-autonomous clocks in cultured cells, following in vitro synchronization pulse. The work by Steven A. Brown has provided compelling evidence that clock characteristics assessed in primary mouse and human skin fibroblasts cultured in vitro represent a reliable estimation of internal clock properties in vivo. The in vitro approach for studying molecular human clocks in cultured explants and primary cells, pioneered by Steve Brown, represents an invaluable tool for assessing inter-individual differences in circadian characteristics alongside comprehensive genetic, biochemical and functional analyses. In a broader context, this reliable and minimally invasive approach offers a unique perspective for unravelling the functional inputs and outputs of oscillators operative in nearly any human tissue in physiological contexts and across various pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Katsioudi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andrew D Biancolin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cecilia Jiménez-Sanchez
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Charna Dibner
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), Geneva, Switzerland
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3
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Nadimpalli HP, Katsioudi G, Arpa ES, Chikhaoui L, Arpat AB, Liechti A, Palais G, Tessmer C, Hofmann I, Galy B, Gatfield D. Diurnal control of iron responsive element containing mRNAs through iron regulatory proteins IRP1 and IRP2 is mediated by feeding rhythms. Genome Biol 2024; 25:128. [PMID: 38773499 PMCID: PMC11106963 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-024-03270-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular iron homeostasis is regulated by iron regulatory proteins (IRP1 and IRP2) that sense iron levels (and other metabolic cues) and modulate mRNA translation or stability via interaction with iron regulatory elements (IREs). IRP2 is viewed as the primary regulator in the liver, yet our previous datasets showing diurnal rhythms for certain IRE-containing mRNAs suggest a nuanced temporal control mechanism. The purpose of this study is to gain insights into the daily regulatory dynamics across IRE-bearing mRNAs, specific IRP involvement, and underlying systemic and cellular rhythmicity cues in mouse liver. RESULTS We uncover high-amplitude diurnal oscillations in the regulation of key IRE-containing transcripts in the liver, compatible with maximal IRP activity at the onset of the dark phase. Although IRP2 protein levels also exhibit some diurnal variations and peak at the light-dark transition, ribosome profiling in IRP2-deficient mice reveals that maximal repression of target mRNAs at this timepoint still occurs. We further find that diurnal regulation of IRE-containing mRNAs can continue in the absence of a functional circadian clock as long as feeding is rhythmic. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest temporally controlled redundancy in IRP activities, with IRP2 mediating regulation of IRE-containing transcripts in the light phase and redundancy, conceivably with IRP1, at dark onset. Moreover, we highlight the significance of feeding-associated signals in driving rhythmicity. Our work highlights the dynamic nature and regulatory complexity in a metabolic pathway that had previously been considered well-understood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Georgia Katsioudi
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Enes Salih Arpa
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Lies Chikhaoui
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Alaaddin Bulak Arpat
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Angelica Liechti
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Gaël Palais
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Claudia Tessmer
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Core Facility Antibodies, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Ilse Hofmann
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Core Facility Antibodies, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Bruno Galy
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - David Gatfield
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland.
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Park Y, Kang HG, Kang SJ, Ku HO, Zarbl H, Fang MZ, Park JH. Combined use of multiparametric high-content-screening and in vitro circadian reporter assays in neurotoxicity evaluation. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:1485-1498. [PMID: 38483585 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03686-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that chronic circadian rhythm disruption is associated with the development of neurodegenerative diseases induced by exposure to neurotoxic chemicals. Herein, we examined the relationship between cellular circadian rhythm disruption and cytotoxicity in neural cells. Moreover, we evaluated the potential application of an in vitro cellular circadian rhythm assay in determining circadian rhythm disruption as a sensitive and early marker of neurotoxicant-induced adverse effects. To explore these objectives, we established an in vitro cellular circadian rhythm assay using human glioblastoma (U87 MG) cells stably transfected with a circadian reporter vector (PER2-dLuc) and determined the lowest-observed-adverse-effect levels (LOAELs) of several common neurotoxicants. Additionally, we determined the LOAEL of each compound on multiple cytotoxicity endpoints (nuclear size [NC], mitochondrial membrane potential [MMP], calcium ions, or lipid peroxidation) using a multiparametric high-content screening (HCS) assay using transfected U87 MG cells treated with the same neurotoxicants for 24 and 72 h. Based on our findings, the LOAEL for cellular circadian rhythm disruption for most chemicals was slightly higher than that for most cytotoxicity indicators detected using HCS, and the LOAEL for MMP in the first 24 h was the closest to that for cellular circadian rhythm disruption. Dietary antioxidants (methylselenocysteine and N-acetyl-l-cysteine) prevented or restored neurotoxicant-induced cellular circadian rhythm disruption. Our results suggest that cellular circadian rhythm disruption is as sensitive as cytotoxicity indicators and occurs early as much as cytotoxic events during disease development. Moreover, the in vitro cellular circadian rhythm assay warrants further evaluation as an early screening tool for neurotoxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngil Park
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
- Veterinary Drugs and Biologics Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-Si, 39660, Korea
| | - Hwan-Goo Kang
- Veterinary Drugs and Biologics Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-Si, 39660, Korea
- Department of Animal Health and Welfare, Semyung University, 65, Semyung Ro, Jecheon, Chungcheongbuk‑do, Korea
| | - Seok-Jin Kang
- Veterinary Drugs and Biologics Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-Si, 39660, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ok Ku
- Veterinary Drugs and Biologics Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-Si, 39660, Korea
| | - Helmut Zarbl
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, NIEHS Center for Environmental Exposure and Disease, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ08854, USA
| | - Ming-Zhu Fang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, NIEHS Center for Environmental Exposure and Disease, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ08854, USA
| | - Jae-Hak Park
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
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5
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Ono D, Weaver DR, Hastings MH, Honma KI, Honma S, Silver R. The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus at 50: Looking Back, Then Looking Forward. J Biol Rhythms 2024; 39:135-165. [PMID: 38366616 PMCID: PMC7615910 DOI: 10.1177/07487304231225706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
It has been 50 years since the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) was first identified as the central circadian clock and 25 years since the last overview of developments in the field was published in the Journal of Biological Rhythms. Here, we explore new mechanisms and concepts that have emerged in the subsequent 25 years. Since 1997, methodological developments, such as luminescent and fluorescent reporter techniques, have revealed intricate relationships between cellular and network-level mechanisms. In particular, specific neuropeptides such as arginine vasopressin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and gastrin-releasing peptide have been identified as key players in the synchronization of cellular circadian rhythms within the SCN. The discovery of multiple oscillators governing behavioral and physiological rhythms has significantly advanced our understanding of the circadian clock. The interaction between neurons and glial cells has been found to play a crucial role in regulating these circadian rhythms within the SCN. Furthermore, the properties of the SCN network vary across ontogenetic stages. The application of cell type-specific genetic manipulations has revealed components of the functional input-output system of the SCN and their correlation with physiological functions. This review concludes with the high-risk effort of identifying open questions and challenges that lie ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ono
- Stress Recognition and Response, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Neural Regulation, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - David R Weaver
- Department of Neurobiology and NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael H Hastings
- Division of Neurobiology, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ken-Ichi Honma
- Research and Education Center for Brain Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Rhythm Disorders, Sapporo Hanazono Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sato Honma
- Research and Education Center for Brain Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Rhythm Disorders, Sapporo Hanazono Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Rae Silver
- Stress Recognition and Response, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Neural Regulation, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Neuroscience & Behavior, Barnard College and Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York City, New York, USA
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6
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Lal H, Verma SK, Wang Y, Xie M, Young ME. Circadian Rhythms in Cardiovascular Metabolism. Circ Res 2024; 134:635-658. [PMID: 38484029 PMCID: PMC10947116 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Energetic demand and nutrient supply fluctuate as a function of time-of-day, in alignment with sleep-wake and fasting-feeding cycles. These daily rhythms are mirrored by 24-hour oscillations in numerous cardiovascular functional parameters, including blood pressure, heart rate, and myocardial contractility. It is, therefore, not surprising that metabolic processes also fluctuate over the course of the day, to ensure temporal needs for ATP, building blocks, and metabolism-based signaling molecules are met. What has become increasingly clear is that in addition to classic signal-response coupling (termed reactionary mechanisms), cardiovascular-relevant cells use autonomous circadian clocks to temporally orchestrate metabolic pathways in preparation for predicted stimuli/stresses (termed anticipatory mechanisms). Here, we review current knowledge regarding circadian regulation of metabolism, how metabolic rhythms are synchronized with cardiovascular function, and whether circadian misalignment/disruption of metabolic processes contribute toward the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind Lal
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Suresh Kumar Verma
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Yajing Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Min Xie
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Martin E. Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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7
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Chambers L, Seidler K, Barrow M. Circadian misalignment in obesity: The role for time-restricted feeding. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 57:430-447. [PMID: 37739690 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.07.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The epidemic of obesity is associated with a substantial, complex and escalating burden of disease. Dietary and lifestyle interventions provide the mainstay of management; however, obesity is multifactorial and challenging to address clinically. Disrupted circadian behaviours, including late eating, are associated with obesity. Time-restricted feeding (TRF), the confinement of calorie intake to a temporal 'eating window', has received growing interest as a weight-loss intervention. Benefits are purported to arise from the fasting period and strengthened circadian metabolism. However, the current evidence-base for TRF is small-scale, limited, and there has been little evaluation of circadian schedule. This research aims to enable evidence-based conclusions regarding circadian-aligned TRF as a weight-loss intervention in obesity. METHODS A systematic three-tranche search strategy was conducted within PubMed. Included studies were critically evaluated. Search tranches scoped: interventional evidence for TRF; evidence linking meal timing, obesity and metabolic function; and evidence linking circadian function, obesity, and dysmetabolism. Results were summarised in a narrative analysis. RESULTS A total of 30 studies were included. From small-scale and short-term evidence, TRF was consistently associated with improved weight, glycaemic and anthropometric outcomes versus baseline or control. Good adherence and safety, and consistency of results between studies, were notable. Earlier ('circadian-aligned') eating was associated with greater diet-induced thermogenesis, and improved weight loss and glycaemic outcomes. Limited evidence suggested meaningful correlations between circadian clock function and obesity/metabolic risk. CONCLUSIONS Circadian-aligned TRF may present a promising intervention for weight loss and metabolic benefits in obese/overweight individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Chambers
- CNELM (Centre for Nutrition Education and Lifestyle Management), 14 Rectory Road, Wokingham, RG40 1DH, UK.
| | - Karin Seidler
- CNELM (Centre for Nutrition Education and Lifestyle Management), 14 Rectory Road, Wokingham, RG40 1DH, UK.
| | - Michelle Barrow
- CNELM (Centre for Nutrition Education and Lifestyle Management), 14 Rectory Road, Wokingham, RG40 1DH, UK.
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8
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Davidson AJ, Beckner D, Bonnefont X. A Journey in the Brain's Clock: In Vivo Veritas? BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1136. [PMID: 37627020 PMCID: PMC10452196 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus contain the circadian pacemaker that coordinates mammalian rhythms in tune with the day-night cycle. Understanding the determinants of the intrinsic rhythmicity of this biological clock, its outputs, and resetting by environmental cues, has been a longstanding goal of the field. Integrated techniques of neurophysiology, including lesion studies and in vivo multi-unit electrophysiology, have been key to characterizing the rhythmic nature and outputs of the SCN in animal models. In parallel, reduced ex vivo and in vitro approaches have permitted us to unravel molecular, cellular, and multicellular mechanisms underlying the pacemaker properties of the SCN. New questions have emerged in recent years that will require combining investigation at a cell resolution within the physiological context of the living animal: What is the role of specific cell subpopulations in the SCN neural network? How do they integrate various external and internal inputs? What are the circuits involved in controlling other body rhythms? Here, we review what we have already learned about the SCN from in vivo studies, and how the recent development of new genetically encoded tools and cutting-edge imaging technology in neuroscience offers chronobiologists the opportunity to meet these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec J. Davidson
- Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA;
| | - Delaney Beckner
- Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA;
| | - Xavier Bonnefont
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34094 Montpellier, France
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9
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Delbès AS, Quiñones M, Gobet C, Castel J, Denis RGP, Berthelet J, Weger BD, Challet E, Charpagne A, Metairon S, Piccand J, Kraus M, Rohde BH, Bial J, Wilson EM, Vedin LL, Minniti ME, Pedrelli M, Parini P, Gachon F, Luquet S. Mice with humanized livers reveal the role of hepatocyte clocks in rhythmic behavior. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf2982. [PMID: 37196091 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf2982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The synchronization of circadian clock depends on a central pacemaker located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei. However, the potential feedback of peripheral signals on the central clock remains poorly characterized. To explore whether peripheral organ circadian clocks may affect the central pacemaker, we used a chimeric model in which mouse hepatocytes were replaced by human hepatocytes. Liver humanization led to reprogrammed diurnal gene expression and advanced the phase of the liver circadian clock that extended to muscle and the entire rhythmic physiology. Similar to clock-deficient mice, liver-humanized mice shifted their rhythmic physiology more rapidly to the light phase under day feeding. Our results indicate that hepatocyte clocks can affect the central pacemaker and offer potential perspectives to apprehend pathologies associated with altered circadian physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Delbès
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris, France
| | - Mar Quiñones
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris, France
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cédric Gobet
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Julien Castel
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël G P Denis
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris, France
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris 75014, France
| | - Jérémy Berthelet
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité Epigenetique et Destin Cellulaire, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Benjamin D Weger
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Etienne Challet
- Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS and University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Aline Charpagne
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylviane Metairon
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julie Piccand
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marine Kraus
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bettina H Rohde
- Eurofins Genomics Europe Sequencing GmbH, European Genome and Diagnostics Centre, Konstanz, Germany
| | | | | | - Lise-Lotte Vedin
- Cardio Metabolic Unit, Department of Medicine and department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Mirko E Minniti
- Cardio Metabolic Unit, Department of Medicine and department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Matteo Pedrelli
- Cardio Metabolic Unit, Department of Medicine and department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
- Medical Unit Endocrinology, Theme Inflammation and Ageing, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paolo Parini
- Cardio Metabolic Unit, Department of Medicine and department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
- Medical Unit Endocrinology, Theme Inflammation and Ageing, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Frédéric Gachon
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Serge Luquet
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris, France
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10
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Adlanmerini M, Lazar MA. The REV-ERB Nuclear Receptors: Timekeepers for the Core Clock Period and Metabolism. Endocrinology 2023; 164:bqad069. [PMID: 37149727 PMCID: PMC10413432 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
REV-ERB nuclear receptors are potent transcriptional repressors that play an important role in the core mammalian molecular clock and metabolism. Deletion of both REV-ERBα and its largely redundant isoform REV-ERBβ in a murine tissue-specific manner have shed light on their specific functions in clock mechanisms and circadian metabolism. This review highlights recent findings that establish REV-ERBs as crucial circadian timekeepers in a variety of tissues, regulating overlapping and distinct processes that maintain normal physiology and protect from metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Adlanmerini
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1297, University of Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Mitchell A Lazar
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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11
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Escalante-Covarrubias Q, Mendoza-Viveros L, González-Suárez M, Sitten-Olea R, Velázquez-Villegas LA, Becerril-Pérez F, Pacheco-Bernal I, Carreño-Vázquez E, Mass-Sánchez P, Bustamante-Zepeda M, Orozco-Solís R, Aguilar-Arnal L. Time-of-day defines NAD + efficacy to treat diet-induced metabolic disease by synchronizing the hepatic clock in mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1685. [PMID: 36973248 PMCID: PMC10043291 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37286-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock is an endogenous time-tracking system that anticipates daily environmental changes. Misalignment of the clock can cause obesity, which is accompanied by reduced levels of the clock-controlled, rhythmic metabolite NAD+. Increasing NAD+ is becoming a therapy for metabolic dysfunction; however, the impact of daily NAD+ fluctuations remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that time-of-day determines the efficacy of NAD+ treatment for diet-induced metabolic disease in mice. Increasing NAD+ prior to the active phase in obese male mice ameliorated metabolic markers including body weight, glucose and insulin tolerance, hepatic inflammation and nutrient sensing pathways. However, raising NAD+ immediately before the rest phase selectively compromised these responses. Remarkably, timed NAD+ adjusted circadian oscillations of the liver clock until completely inverting its oscillatory phase when increased just before the rest period, resulting in misaligned molecular and behavioral rhythms in male and female mice. Our findings unveil the time-of-day dependence of NAD+-based therapies and support a chronobiology-based approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quetzalcoatl Escalante-Covarrubias
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lucía Mendoza-Viveros
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, 14610, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mirna González-Suárez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Román Sitten-Olea
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura A Velázquez-Villegas
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fernando Becerril-Pérez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ignacio Pacheco-Bernal
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Erick Carreño-Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, 14610, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Paola Mass-Sánchez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcia Bustamante-Zepeda
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Orozco-Solís
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, 14610, Mexico City, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación sobre el Envejecimiento, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, 14330, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lorena Aguilar-Arnal
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
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12
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Malik A, Zavadil JA, Geusz ME. Using bioluminescence to image gene expression and spontaneous behavior in freely moving mice. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279875. [PMID: 36662734 PMCID: PMC9858005 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) of gene expression in live animals is a powerful method for monitoring development, tumor growth, infections, healing, and other progressive, long-term biological processes. BLI remains an effective approach for reducing the number of animals needed to monitor dynamic changes in gene activity because images can be captured repeatedly from the same animals. When examining these ongoing changes, it is sometimes necessary to remove rhythmic effects on the bioluminescence signal caused by the circadian clock's daily modulation of gene expression. Furthermore, BLI using freely moving animals remains limited because the standard procedures can alter normal behaviors. Another obstacle with conventional BLI of animals is that luciferin, the firefly luciferase substrate, is usually injected into mice that are then imaged while anesthetized. Unfortunately, the luciferase signal declines rapidly during imaging as luciferin is cleared from the body. Alternatively, mice are imaged after they are surgically implanted with a pump or connected to a tether to deliver luciferin, but stressors such as this surgery and anesthesia can alter physiology, behavior, and the actual gene expression being imaged. Consequently, we developed a strategy that minimizes animal exposure to stressors before and during sustained BLI of freely moving unanesthetized mice. This technique was effective when monitoring expression of the Per1 gene that serves in the circadian clock timing mechanism and was previously shown to produce circadian bioluminescence rhythms in live mice. We used hairless albino mice expressing luciferase that were allowed to drink luciferin and engage in normal behaviors during imaging with cooled electron-multiplying-CCD cameras. Computer-aided image selection was developed to measure signal intensity of individual mice each time they were in the same posture, thereby providing comparable measurements over long intervals. This imaging procedure, performed primarily during the animal's night, is compatible with entrainment of the mouse circadian timing system to the light cycle while allowing sampling at multi-day intervals to monitor long-term changes. When the circadian expression of a gene is known, this approach provides an effective alternative to imaging immobile anesthetized animals and can removing noise caused by circadian oscillations and body movements that can degrade data collected during long-term imaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astha Malik
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, & Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jessica A. Zavadil
- Graduate Medical Education, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Michael E. Geusz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, United States of America
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13
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Katsioudi G, Dreos R, Arpa ES, Gaspari S, Liechti A, Sato M, Gabriel CH, Kramer A, Brown SA, Gatfield D. A conditional Smg6 mutant mouse model reveals circadian clock regulation through the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay pathway. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade2828. [PMID: 36638184 PMCID: PMC9839329 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade2828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nonsense-mediated messenger RNA (mRNA) decay (NMD) has been intensively studied as a surveillance pathway that degrades erroneous transcripts arising from mutations or RNA processing errors. While additional roles in physiological control of mRNA stability have emerged, possible functions in mammalian physiology in vivo remain unclear. Here, we created a conditional mouse allele that allows converting the NMD effector nuclease SMG6 from wild-type to nuclease domain-mutant protein. We find that NMD down-regulation affects the function of the circadian clock, a system known to require rapid mRNA turnover. Specifically, we uncover strong lengthening of free-running circadian periods for liver and fibroblast clocks and direct NMD regulation of Cry2 mRNA, encoding a key transcriptional repressor within the rhythm-generating feedback loop. Transcriptome-wide changes in daily mRNA accumulation patterns in the entrained liver, as well as an altered response to food entrainment, expand the known scope of NMD regulation in mammalian gene expression and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Katsioudi
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - René Dreos
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Enes S. Arpa
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sevasti Gaspari
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Angelica Liechti
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Miho Sato
- Chronobiology and Sleep Research Group, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christian H. Gabriel
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Laboratory of Chronobiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim Kramer
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Laboratory of Chronobiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Steven A. Brown
- Chronobiology and Sleep Research Group, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - David Gatfield
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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14
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Abstract
Our physiology and behavior follow precise daily programs that adapt us to the alternating opportunities and challenges of day and night. Under experimental isolation, these rhythms persist with a period of approximately one day (circadian), demonstrating their control by an internal autonomous clock. Circadian time is created at the cellular level by a transcriptional/translational feedback loop (TTFL) in which the protein products of the Period and Cryptochrome genes inhibit their own transcription. Because the accumulation of protein is slow and delayed, the system oscillates spontaneously with a period of ∼24 hours. This cell-autonomous TTFL controls cycles of gene expression in all major tissues and these cycles underpin our daily metabolic programs. In turn, our innumerable cellular clocks are coordinated by a central pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus. When isolated in slice culture, the SCN TTFL and its dependent cycles of neural activity persist indefinitely, operating as "a clock in a dish". In vivo, SCN time is synchronized to solar time by direct innervation from specialized retinal photoreceptors. In turn, the precise circadian cycle of action potential firing signals SCN-generated time to hypothalamic and brain stem targets, which co-ordinate downstream autonomic, endocrine, and behavioral (feeding) cues to synchronize and sustain the distributed cellular clock network. Circadian time therefore pervades every level of biological organization, from molecules to society. Understanding its mechanisms offers important opportunities to mitigate the consequences of circadian disruption, so prevalent in modern societies, that arise from shiftwork, aging, and neurodegenerative diseases, not least Huntington's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P. Patton
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
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15
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Nakaya M, Wakamatsu M, Motegi H, Tanaka A, Sutherland K, Ishikawa M, Ozaki M, Shirato H, Hamada K, Hamada T. A real-time measurement system for gene expression rhythms from deep tissues of freely moving mice under light-dark conditions. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 32:101344. [PMID: 36160030 PMCID: PMC9489493 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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16
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Galinde AAS, Al-Mughales F, Oster H, Heyde I. Different levels of circadian (de)synchrony -- where does it hurt? F1000Res 2022; 11:1323. [PMID: 37125019 PMCID: PMC10130703 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.127234.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A network of cellular timers ensures the maintenance of homeostasis by temporal modulation of physiological processes across the day. These so-called circadian clocks are synchronized to geophysical time by external time cues (or zeitgebers). In modern societies, natural environmental cycles are disrupted by artificial lighting, around-the-clock availability of food or shiftwork. Such contradictory zeitgeber input promotes chronodisruption, i.e., the perturbation of internal circadian rhythms, resulting in adverse health outcomes. While this phenomenon is well described, it is still poorly understood at which level of organization perturbed rhythms impact on health and wellbeing. In this review, we discuss different levels of chronodisruption and what is known about their health effects. We summarize the results of disrupted phase coherence between external and internal time vs. misalignment of tissue clocks amongst each other, i.e., internal desynchrony. Last, phase incoherence can also occur at the tissue level itself. Here, alterations in phase coordination can emerge between cellular clocks of the same tissue or between different clock genes within the single cell. A better understanding of the mechanisms of circadian misalignment and its effects on physiology will help to find effective tools to prevent or treat disorders arising from modern-day chronodisruptive environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita AS. Galinde
- Institute of Neurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, 23562, Germany
| | - Faheem Al-Mughales
- Institute of Neurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, 23562, Germany
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen
| | - Henrik Oster
- Institute of Neurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, 23562, Germany
| | - Isabel Heyde
- Institute of Neurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, 23562, Germany
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17
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Galinde AAS, Al-Mughales F, Oster H, Heyde I. Different levels of circadian (de)synchrony -- where does it hurt? F1000Res 2022; 11:1323. [PMID: 37125019 PMCID: PMC10130703 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.127234.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A network of cellular timers ensures the maintenance of homeostasis by temporal modulation of physiological processes across the day. These so-called circadian clocks are synchronized to geophysical time by external time cues (or zeitgebers). In modern societies, natural environmental cycles are disrupted by artificial lighting, around-the-clock availability of food or shift work. Such contradictory zeitgeber input promotes chronodisruption, i.e., the perturbation of internal circadian rhythms, resulting in adverse health outcomes. While this phenomenon is well described, it is still poorly understood at which level of organization perturbed rhythms impact on health and wellbeing. In this review, we discuss different levels of chronodisruption and what is known about their health effects. We summarize the results of disrupted phase coherence between external and internal time vs. misalignment of tissue clocks amongst each other, i.e., internal desynchrony. Last, phase incoherence can also occur at the tissue level itself. Here, alterations in phase coordination can emerge between cellular clocks of the same tissue or between different clock genes within the single cell. A better understanding of the mechanisms of circadian misalignment and its effects on physiology will help to find effective tools to prevent or treat disorders arising from modern-day chronodisruptive environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita AS. Galinde
- Institute of Neurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, 23562, Germany
| | - Faheem Al-Mughales
- Institute of Neurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, 23562, Germany
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen
| | - Henrik Oster
- Institute of Neurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, 23562, Germany
| | - Isabel Heyde
- Institute of Neurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, 23562, Germany
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18
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Petersen MC, Gallop MR, Flores Ramos S, Zarrinpar A, Broussard JL, Chondronikola M, Chaix A, Klein S. Complex physiology and clinical implications of time-restricted eating. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:1991-2034. [PMID: 35834774 PMCID: PMC9423781 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00006.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Time-restricted eating (TRE) is a dietary intervention that limits food consumption to a specific time window each day. The effect of TRE on body weight and physiological functions has been extensively studied in rodent models, which have shown considerable therapeutic effects of TRE and important interactions among time of eating, circadian biology, and metabolic homeostasis. In contrast, it is difficult to make firm conclusions regarding the effect of TRE in people because of the heterogeneity in results, TRE regimens, and study populations. In this review, we 1) provide a background of the history of meal consumption in people and the normal physiology of eating and fasting; 2) discuss the interaction between circadian molecular metabolism and TRE; 3) integrate the results of preclinical and clinical studies that evaluated the effects of TRE on body weight and physiological functions; 4) summarize other time-related dietary interventions that have been studied in people; and 4) identify current gaps in knowledge and provide a framework for future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max C Petersen
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Molly R Gallop
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Stephany Flores Ramos
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Amir Zarrinpar
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Department of Veterans Affairs San Diego Health System, La Jolla, California
| | - Josiane L Broussard
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Maria Chondronikola
- Departments of Nutrition and Radiology, University of California, Davis, California
- Departments of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, Kallithea, Greece
| | - Amandine Chaix
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Samuel Klein
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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19
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Moeller JS, Bever SR, Finn SL, Phumsatitpong C, Browne MF, Kriegsfeld LJ. Circadian Regulation of Hormonal Timing and the Pathophysiology of Circadian Dysregulation. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:4185-4214. [PMID: 36073751 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c220018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are endogenously generated, daily patterns of behavior and physiology that are essential for optimal health and disease prevention. Disruptions to circadian timing are associated with a host of maladies, including metabolic disease and obesity, diabetes, heart disease, cancer, and mental health disturbances. The circadian timing system is hierarchically organized, with a master circadian clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the anterior hypothalamus and subordinate clocks throughout the CNS and periphery. The SCN receives light information via a direct retinal pathway, synchronizing the master clock to environmental time. At the cellular level, circadian rhythms are ubiquitous, with rhythms generated by interlocking, autoregulatory transcription-translation feedback loops. At the level of the SCN, tight cellular coupling maintains rhythms even in the absence of environmental input. The SCN, in turn, communicates timing information via the autonomic nervous system and hormonal signaling. This signaling couples individual cellular oscillators at the tissue level in extra-SCN brain loci and the periphery and synchronizes subordinate clocks to external time. In the modern world, circadian disruption is widespread due to limited exposure to sunlight during the day, exposure to artificial light at night, and widespread use of light-emitting electronic devices, likely contributing to an increase in the prevalence, and the progression, of a host of disease states. The present overview focuses on the circadian control of endocrine secretions, the significance of rhythms within key endocrine axes for typical, homeostatic functioning, and implications for health and disease when dysregulated. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12: 1-30, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob S Moeller
- Graduate Group in Endocrinology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Savannah R Bever
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Samantha L Finn
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | - Madison F Browne
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Lance J Kriegsfeld
- Graduate Group in Endocrinology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.,The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
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20
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Smies CW, Bodinayake KK, Kwapis JL. Time to learn: The role of the molecular circadian clock in learning and memory. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2022; 193:107651. [PMID: 35697314 PMCID: PMC9903177 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2022.107651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The circadian system plays an important role in aligning biological processes with the external time of day. A range of physiological functions are governed by the circadian cycle, including memory processes, yet little is understood about how the clock interfaces with memory at a molecular level. The molecular circadian clock consists of four key genes/gene families, Period, Clock, Cryptochrome, and Bmal1, that rhythmically cycle in an ongoing transcription-translation negative feedback loop that maintains an approximately 24-hour cycle within cells of the brain and body. In addition to their roles in generating the circadian rhythm within the brain's master pacemaker (the suprachiasmatic nucleus), recent research has suggested that these clock genes may function locally within memory-relevant brain regions to modulate memory across the day/night cycle. This review will discuss how these clock genes function both within the brain's central clock and within memory-relevant brain regions to exert circadian control over memory processes. For each core clock gene, we describe the current research that demonstrates a potential role in memory and outline how these clock genes might interface with cascades known to support long-term memory formation. Together, the research suggests that clock genes function locally within satellite clocks across the brain to exert circadian control over long-term memory formation and possibly other biological processes. Understanding how clock genes might interface with local molecular cascades in the hippocampus and other brain regions is a critical step toward developing treatments for the myriad disorders marked by dysfunction of both the circadian system and cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad W Smies
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Kasuni K Bodinayake
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Janine L Kwapis
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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21
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Neves AR, Albuquerque T, Quintela T, Costa D. Circadian rhythm and disease: Relationship, new insights, and future perspectives. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:3239-3256. [PMID: 35696609 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The circadian system is responsible for internal functions and regulation of the organism according to environmental cues (zeitgebers). Circadian rhythm dysregulation or chronodisruption has been associated with several diseases, from mental to autoimmune diseases, and with life quality change. Following this, some therapies have been developed to correct circadian misalignments, such as light therapy and chronobiotics. In this manuscript, we describe the circadian-related diseases so far investigated, and studies reporting relevant data on this topic, evidencing this relationship, are included. Despite the actual limitations in published work, there is clear evidence of the correlation between circadian rhythm dysregulation and disease origin/development, and, in this way, clock-related therapies emerge as great progress in the clinical field. Future improvements in such interventions can lead to the development of successful chronotherapy strategies, deeply contributing to enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R Neves
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Tânia Albuquerque
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Telma Quintela
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Unidade de Investigação para o Desenvolvimento do Interior (UDI-IPG), Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, Guarda, Portugal
| | - Diana Costa
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
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22
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Chambers L, Seidler K, Barrow M. Nutritional entrainment of circadian rhythms under alignment and misalignment: a mechanistic review. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 51:50-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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23
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Fougeray T, Polizzi A, Régnier M, Fougerat A, Ellero-Simatos S, Lippi Y, Smati S, Lasserre F, Tramunt B, Huillet M, Dopavogui L, Salvi J, Nédélec E, Gigot V, Smith L, Naylies C, Sommer C, Haas JT, Wahli W, Duez H, Gourdy P, Gamet-Payrastre L, Benani A, Burnol AF, Loiseau N, Postic C, Montagner A, Guillou H. The hepatocyte insulin receptor is required to program the liver clock and rhythmic gene expression. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110674. [PMID: 35417722 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver physiology is circadian and sensitive to feeding and insulin. Food intake regulates insulin secretion and is a dominant signal for the liver clock. However, how much insulin contributes to the effect of feeding on the liver clock and rhythmic gene expression remains to be investigated. Insulin action partly depends on changes in insulin receptor (IR)-dependent gene expression. Here, we use hepatocyte-restricted gene deletion of IR to evaluate its role in the regulation and oscillation of gene expression as well as in the programming of the circadian clock in the adult mouse liver. We find that, in the absence of IR, the rhythmicity of core-clock gene expression is altered in response to day-restricted feeding. This change in core-clock gene expression is associated with defective reprogramming of liver gene expression. Our data show that an intact hepatocyte insulin receptor is required to program the liver clock and associated rhythmic gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Fougeray
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille, 31027 Toulouse, France; Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), UMR1297, INSERM/UPS, Université de Toulouse, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Arnaud Polizzi
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille, 31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Marion Régnier
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille, 31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Fougerat
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille, 31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Sandrine Ellero-Simatos
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille, 31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Yannick Lippi
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille, 31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Sarra Smati
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille, 31027 Toulouse, France; Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), UMR1297, INSERM/UPS, Université de Toulouse, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse, France; Université de Nantes, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Nantes, Institut du Thorax, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Frédéric Lasserre
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille, 31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Blandine Tramunt
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), UMR1297, INSERM/UPS, Université de Toulouse, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse, France; Service de Diabétologie, Maladies Métaboliques et Nutrition, CHU de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Marine Huillet
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille, 31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Léonie Dopavogui
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille, 31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Juliette Salvi
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Institut Agro Dijon, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Emmanuelle Nédélec
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Institut Agro Dijon, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Vincent Gigot
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Institut Agro Dijon, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Lorraine Smith
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille, 31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Naylies
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille, 31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Caroline Sommer
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille, 31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Joel T Haas
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Walter Wahli
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille, 31027 Toulouse, France; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore 308232, Singapore; Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Le Génopode, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hélène Duez
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Pierre Gourdy
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), UMR1297, INSERM/UPS, Université de Toulouse, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse, France; Service de Diabétologie, Maladies Métaboliques et Nutrition, CHU de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurence Gamet-Payrastre
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille, 31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Alexandre Benani
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Institut Agro Dijon, 21000 Dijon, France
| | | | - Nicolas Loiseau
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille, 31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Postic
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Montagner
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), UMR1297, INSERM/UPS, Université de Toulouse, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse, France.
| | - Hervé Guillou
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UMR 1331, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille, 31027 Toulouse, France.
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24
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Smith CB, van der Vinne V, McCartney E, Stowie AC, Leise TL, Martin-Burgos B, Molyneux PC, Garbutt LA, Brodsky MH, Davidson AJ, Harrington ME, Dallmann R, Weaver DR. Cell-Type-Specific Circadian Bioluminescence Rhythms in Dbp Reporter Mice. J Biol Rhythms 2022; 37:53-77. [PMID: 35023384 DOI: 10.1177/07487304211069452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are endogenously generated physiological and molecular rhythms with a cycle length of about 24 h. Bioluminescent reporters have been exceptionally useful for studying circadian rhythms in numerous species. Here, we report development of a reporter mouse generated by modification of a widely expressed and highly rhythmic gene encoding D-site albumin promoter binding protein (Dbp). In this line of mice, firefly luciferase is expressed from the Dbp locus in a Cre recombinase-dependent manner, allowing assessment of bioluminescence rhythms in specific cellular populations. A mouse line in which luciferase expression was Cre-independent was also generated. The Dbp reporter alleles do not alter Dbp gene expression rhythms in liver or circadian locomotor activity rhythms. In vivo and ex vivo studies show the utility of the reporter alleles for monitoring rhythmicity. Our studies reveal cell-type-specific characteristics of rhythms among neuronal populations within the suprachiasmatic nuclei ex vivo. In vivo studies show Dbp-driven bioluminescence rhythms in the liver of Albumin-Cre;DbpKI/+ "liver reporter" mice. After a shift of the lighting schedule, locomotor activity achieved the proper phase relationship with the new lighting cycle more rapidly than hepatic bioluminescence did. As previously shown, restricting food access to the daytime altered the phase of hepatic rhythmicity. Our model allowed assessment of the rate of recovery from misalignment once animals were provided with food ad libitum. These studies confirm the previously demonstrated circadian misalignment following environmental perturbations and reveal the utility of this model for minimally invasive, longitudinal monitoring of rhythmicity from specific mouse tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciearra B Smith
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Vincent van der Vinne
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.,Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts
| | | | - Adam C Stowie
- Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Tanya L Leise
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Lauren A Garbutt
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, The University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Michael H Brodsky
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Alec J Davidson
- Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Robert Dallmann
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, The University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - David R Weaver
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.,NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
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25
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Schroder EA, Delisle BP. Time Restricted Feeding to the Light Cycle Dissociates Canonical Circadian Clocks and Physiological Rhythms in Heart Rate. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:910195. [PMID: 35645828 PMCID: PMC9133719 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.910195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are approximate 24-h biological cycles that optimize molecular and physiological functions to predictable daily environmental changes in order to maintain internal and organismal homeostasis. Environmental stimuli (light, feeding, activity) capable of altering the phase of molecular rhythms are important tools employed by circadian biologists to increase understanding of the synchronization of circadian rhythms to the environment and to each other within multicellular systems. The central circadian clock, located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus is largely responsive to light and is thought to entrain the phase of peripheral clocks via neurohumoral signals. Mice are nocturnal and consume most of their food during the dark cycle. Early studies demonstrated that altered metabolic cues in the form of time restricted feeding, specifically, feeding mice during the light cycle, resulted in an uncoupling of molecular clocks in peripheral tissues with those from the SCN. These studies showed as much as a 12-h shift in gene expression in some peripheral tissues but not others. The shifts occurred without corresponding changes in the central clock in the brain. More recent studies have demonstrated that changes in cardiac physiology (heart rate, MAP) in response to time of food intake occur independent of the cardiac molecular clock. Understanding differences in the physiology/function and gene expression in other organs both independently and in relation to the heart in response to altered feeding will be important in dissecting the roles of the various clocks throughout the body, as well as, understanding their links to cardiovascular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Schroder
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- *Correspondence: Elizabeth A. Schroder, ; Brian P. Delisle,
| | - Brian P. Delisle
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- *Correspondence: Elizabeth A. Schroder, ; Brian P. Delisle,
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26
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Finger AM. In Vitro Assays for Measuring Intercellular Coupling Among Peripheral Circadian Oscillators. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2482:153-167. [PMID: 35610425 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2249-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Circadian clocks can be found in nearly all eukaryotic organisms, as well as certain bacterial strains, including commensal microbiota. Exploring intercellular coupling among cell-autonomous circadian oscillators is crucial for understanding how cellular ensembles generate and sustain coherent circadian rhythms on the tissue level, and thus, rhythmic organ functions. Here we describe a protocol for studying intercellular coupling among peripheral circadian oscillators using three-dimensional spheroid cultures in order to measure coupling strength within peripheral clock networks. We use cell spheroids to simulate in vivo tissue integrity, as well as to increase complexity of cell-cell interactions and the abundance of potential coupling factors. Circadian rhythms are monitored using live-cell imaging of spheroids equipped with circadian reporters over several days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Marie Finger
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute for Medical Immunology, Laboratory of Chronobiology, Berlin, Germany.
- Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.
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27
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Abstract
Experiments that compare rhythmic properties across different genetic alterations and entrainment conditions underlie some of the most important breakthroughs in circadian biology. A robust estimation of the rhythmic properties of the circadian signals goes hand in hand with these discoveries. Widely applied traditional signal analysis methods such as fitting cosine functions or Fourier transformations rely on the assumption that oscillation periods do not change over time. However, novel high-resolution recording techniques have shown that, most commonly, circadian signals exhibit time-dependent changes of periods and amplitudes which cannot be captured with the traditional approaches. In this chapter we introduce a method to determine time-dependent properties of oscillatory signals, using the novel open-source Python-based Biological Oscillations Analysis Toolkit (pyBOAT). We show with examples how to detect rhythms, compute and interpret high-resolution time-dependent spectral results, analyze the main oscillatory component, and to subsequently determine these main components' time-dependent instantaneous period, amplitude, and phase. We introduce step-by-step how such an analysis can be done by means of the easy-to-use point-and-click graphical user interface (GUI) provided by pyBOAT or executed within a Python programming environment. Concepts are explained using simulated signals as well as experimentally obtained time series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Schmal
- Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Gregor Mönke
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adrián E Granada
- Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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28
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Goodenow D, Greer AJ, Cone SJ, Gaddameedhi S. Circadian effects on UV-induced damage and mutations. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2022; 789:108413. [PMID: 35690416 PMCID: PMC9188652 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2022.108413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Skin cancer is the most diagnosed type of cancer in the United States, and while most of these malignancies are highly treatable, treatment costs still exceed $8 billion annually. Over the last 50 years, the annual incidence of skin cancer has steadily grown; therefore, understanding the environmental factors driving these types of cancer is a prominent research-focus. A causality between ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure and skin cancer is well-established, but exposure to UVR alone is not necessarily sufficient to induce carcinogenesis. The emerging field of circadian biology intersects strongly with the physiological systems of the mammalian body and introduces a unique opportunity for analyzing mechanisms of homeostatic disruption. The circadian clock refers to the approximate 24-hour cycle, in which protein levels of specific clock-controlled genes (CCGs) fluctuate based on the time of day. Though these CCGs are tissue specific, the skin has been observed to have a robust circadian clock that plays a role in its response to UVR exposure. This in-depth review will detail the mechanisms of the circadian clock and its role in cellular homeostasis. Next, the skin's response to UVR exposure and its induction of DNA damage and mutations will be covered - with an additional focus placed on how the circadian clock influences this response through nucleotide excision repair. Lastly, this review will discuss current models for studying UVR-induced skin lesions and perturbations of the circadian clock, as well as the impact of these factors on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Goodenow
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Adam J Greer
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Sean J Cone
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Shobhan Gaddameedhi
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA; Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.
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29
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Katsioudi G, Osorio-Forero A, Sinturel F, Hagedorn C, Kreppel F, Schibler U, Gatfield D. Recording of Diurnal Gene Expression in Peripheral Organs of Mice Using the RT-Biolumicorder. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2482:217-242. [PMID: 35610430 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2249-0_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
There is high interest in investigating the daily dynamics of gene expression in mammalian organs, for example, in liver. Such studies help to elucidate how and with what kinetics peripheral clocks integrate circadian signals from the suprachiasmatic nucleus, which harbors the circadian master pacemaker, with other systemic and environmental cues, such as those associated with feeding and hormones. Organ sampling around the clock, followed by the analysis of RNA and/or proteins, is the most commonly used procedure in assessing rhythmic gene expression. However, this method requires large cohorts of animals and is only applicable to behaviorally rhythmic animals whose phases are known. Real-time recording of gene expression rhythms using luciferase reporters has emerged as a powerful method to acquire continuous, high-resolution datasets from freely moving individual mice. Here, we share our experience and protocols with this technique, using the RT-Biolumicorder setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Katsioudi
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Flore Sinturel
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Patient Education, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Hagedorn
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Florian Kreppel
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Ueli Schibler
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David Gatfield
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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30
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Hoekstra MM, Jan M, Katsioudi G, Emmenegger Y, Franken P. The sleep-wake distribution contributes to the peripheral rhythms in PERIOD-2. eLife 2021; 10:69773. [PMID: 34895464 PMCID: PMC8798053 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the mouse, Period-2 (Per2) expression in tissues peripheral to the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) increases during sleep deprivation and at times of the day when animals are predominantly awake spontaneously, suggesting that the circadian sleep-wake distribution directly contributes to the daily rhythms in Per2. We found support for this hypothesis by recording sleep-wake state alongside PER2 bioluminescence in freely behaving mice, demonstrating that PER2 bioluminescence increases during spontaneous waking and decreases during sleep. The temporary reinstatement of PER2-bioluminescence rhythmicity in behaviorally arrhythmic SCN-lesioned mice submitted to daily recurring sleep deprivations substantiates our hypothesis. Mathematical modeling revealed that PER2 dynamics can be described by a damped harmonic oscillator driven by two forces: a sleep-wake-dependent force and an SCN-independent circadian force. Our work underscores the notion that in peripheral tissues the clock gene circuitry integrates sleep-wake information and could thereby contribute to behavioral adaptability to respond to homeostatic requirements. Circadian rhythms are daily cycles in behavior and physiology which repeat approximately every 24 hours. The master regulator of these rhythms is located in a small part of the brain called the supra-chiasmatic nucleus. This brain structure regulates the timing of sleep and wakefulness and is also thought to control the daily rhythms of cells throughout the body on a molecular level. It does this by synchronizing the activity of a set of genes called clock genes. Under normal conditions, the levels of proteins coded for by clock genes change throughout the day following a rhythm that matches sleep-wake patterns. However, keeping animals and humans awake at their preferred sleeping times affects the protein levels of clock genes in many tissues of the body. This suggests that, in addition to the supra-chiasmatic nucleus, sleep-wake cycles may also influence clock-gene rhythms throughout the body. To test this theory, Hoekstra, Jan et al. measured the levels of PERIOD-2, a protein coded for by the clock gene Period-2, while tracking sleep-wake states in mice. They did this by imaging a bioluminescent version of the PERIOD-2 protein in the brain and the kidneys, at the same time as they recorded the brain activity, movement and muscle response of animals. Results showed that PERIOD-2 increased on waking and decreased when mice fell asleep. Additionally, in mice lacking a circadian rhythm in sleep-wake behavior – whose changes in PERIOD-2 levels with respect to time were greatly reduced – imposing a regular sleep-wake cycle restored normal PERIOD-2 rhythmicity. Next, Hoekstra, Jan et al. developed a mathematical model to understand how sleep-wake cycles together with circadian rhythms affect clock-gene activity in the brain and kidneys. Computer simulations suggested that sleep-wake cycles and circadian factors act as forces of comparable strength driving clock-gene dynamics. Both need to act in concert to keep clock-genes rhythmic. The model also predicted the large and immediate effects of sleep deprivation on PERIOD-2 levels, giving further credence to the idea that waking accelerated clock-gene rhythms while sleeping slowed them down. Modelling also suggested that having regular clock-gene rhythms protects against sleep disturbances. In summary, this work shows how sleep patterns contribute to the daily rhythms in clock genes in the brain and body. The findings support the idea that well-timed sleep-wake schedules could help people to adjust to new time zones. It might also be useful to inform other strategies to reduce the health impacts of shift work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke Mb Hoekstra
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maxime Jan
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Georgia Katsioudi
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yann Emmenegger
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul Franken
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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31
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Martin-Burgos B, Wang W, William I, Tir S, Mohammad I, Javed R, Smith S, Cui Y, Arzavala J, Mora D, Smith CB, van der Vinne V, Molyneux PC, Miller SC, Weaver DR, Leise TL, Harrington ME. Methods for Detecting PER2:LUCIFERASE Bioluminescence Rhythms in Freely Moving Mice. J Biol Rhythms 2021; 37:78-93. [PMID: 34873943 DOI: 10.1177/07487304211062829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are driven by daily oscillations of gene expression. An important tool for studying cellular and tissue circadian rhythms is the use of a gene reporter, such as bioluminescence from the reporter gene luciferase controlled by a rhythmically expressed gene of interest. Here we describe methods that allow measurement of circadian bioluminescence from a freely moving mouse housed in a standard cage. Using a LumiCycle In Vivo (Actimetrics), we determined conditions that allow detection of circadian rhythms of bioluminescence from the PER2 reporter, PER2::LUC, in freely behaving mice. The LumiCycle In Vivo applies a background subtraction that corrects for effects of room temperature on photomultiplier tube (PMT) output. We tested delivery of d-luciferin via a subcutaneous minipump and in the drinking water. We demonstrate spikes in bioluminescence associated with drinking bouts. Further, we demonstrate that a synthetic luciferase substrate, CycLuc1, can support circadian rhythms of bioluminescence, even when delivered at a lower concentration than d-luciferin, and can support longer-term studies. A small difference in phase of the PER2::LUC bioluminescence rhythms, with females phase leading males, can be detected with this technique. We share our analysis scripts and suggestions for further improvements in this method. This approach will be straightforward to apply to mice with tissue-specific reporters, allowing insights into responses of specific peripheral clocks to perturbations such as environmental or pharmacological manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wanqi Wang
- Neuroscience Program, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts
| | - Ivana William
- Neuroscience Program, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts
| | - Selma Tir
- Neuroscience Program, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts
| | - Innus Mohammad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Reja Javed
- Neuroscience Program, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts
| | - Stormi Smith
- Neuroscience Program, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts
| | - Yilin Cui
- Neuroscience Program, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts
| | | | - Dalilah Mora
- Neuroscience Program, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts
| | - Ciearra B Smith
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Vincent van der Vinne
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.,Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts
| | | | - Stephen C Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - David R Weaver
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Tanya L Leise
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts
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32
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Differential effects of noise exposure between substrains of CBA mice. Hear Res 2021; 415:108395. [PMID: 34836742 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2021.108395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Noise trauma involves a plethora of mechanisms including reactive oxygen species, apoptosis, tissue damage, and inflammation. Recently, circadian mechanisms were also found to contribute to the vulnerability to noise trauma in mice, with greater damage occurring during their active phase (nighttime), when compared to similar noise exposures during their inactive phase (daytime). These effects seem to be regulated by mechanisms involving Bdnf responses to noise trauma and circulating levels of corticosterone (CORT). However, recent studies using different noise paradigms show contradicting results and it remains unclear how universal these findings are. Here we show that these findings differ even between substrains of mice and are restricted to a narrow window of noise intensity. We found that CBA/Sca mice exposed to 103 dB SPL display differential day/night noise sensitivity as measured by auditory brainstem responses (ABRs), but not at 100 (where full recovery is observed in day or night exposed mice) or 105 dB SPL (where permanent damage is found in both groups). In contrast, neither CBA/CaJ or CBA/JRj displayed such differences in day/night noise sensitivity, whatever noise intensity used. These effects appeared to be independent from outer hair cell function, as distortion product otoacoustic emissions appeared equally affected by day or night noise exposure, in all strains and in all noise conditions. Minor differences in ribbon counts or synaptic pairing were found in CBA/Sca mice, which were inconsistent with ABR wave 1 amplitude changes. Interestingly, CORT levels peaked in CBA/Sca mice at the onset of darkness at zeitgeber time 12 reaching levels of 43.8 ng/ml, while in the CBA/CaJ and the CBA/JRj, levels were 11.9 and 15.6 ng/ml respectively and peaking 4 h earlier (zeitgeber time 8). These findings were consistent with higher period of daily rhythm in CBA/Sca mice when measured in complete darkness using running wheels (23.7 h), than in CBA/CaJ (23.45 h) or CBA/JRj (23.13 h). In conclusion, our study suggests that the differential vulnerability to noise trauma between inactive and active phase is not universal and is as sensitive as substrain differences that might be governed by the circadian amplitude of the circulating CORT profiles.
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33
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Circadian Clocks, Sleep, and Metabolism. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 34773224 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-81147-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
A molecular circadian clock exists not only in the brain, but also in most cells of the body. Research over the past two decades has demonstrated that it directs daily rhythmicity of nearly every aspect of metabolism. It also consolidates sleep-wake behavior each day into an activity/feeding period and a sleep/fasting period. Otherwise, sleep-wake states are mostly controlled by hypothalamic and thalamic regulatory circuits in the brain that direct overall brain state. Recent evidence suggests that hypothalamic control of appetite and metabolism may be concomitant with sleep-wake regulation, and even share the same control centers. Thus, circadian control of metabolic pathways might be overlaid by sleep-wake control of the same pathways, providing a flexible and redundant system to modify metabolism according to both activity and environment.
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34
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Hamada K, Ishii Y, Yoshida Y, Nakaya M, Sato Y, Kanai M, Kikuchi Y, Yamaguchi T, Iijima N, Sutherland K, Hamada T. The analysis of Period1 gene expression in vivo and in vitro using a micro PMT system. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 577:64-70. [PMID: 34507067 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.08.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To detect a small amount of Period1 (Per1) expression, we developed a micro-photomultiplier tube (μPMT) system which can be used both in vivo and in vitro. Using this system, we succeeded in detecting Per1 gene expression in the skin of freely moving mice over 240 times higher compared with that of the tissue contact optical sensor (TCS) as previously reported. For in vitro studies, we succeeded in detecting elevated Per1 expression by streptozotocin (STZ) treatment in the scalp hairs at an early stage of diabetes, when glucose content in the blood was still normal. In addition, we could detect elevated Per1 expression in a single whisker hair at the time of diabetes onset. These results show that our μPMT system responds to minute changes in gene expression in freely moving mice in vivo and in mice hair follicles in vitro. Furthermore, Per1 in the hair can be used for a marker of diabetic aggravation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuko Hamada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, Ohtawara, Tochigi, 324-8501, Japan
| | - Yuki Ishii
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, Ohtawara, Tochigi, 324-8501, Japan
| | - Yukina Yoshida
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, Ohtawara, Tochigi, 324-8501, Japan
| | - Mizuki Nakaya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, Ohtawara, Tochigi, 324-8501, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, Ohtawara, Tochigi, 324-8501, Japan
| | - Megumi Kanai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, Ohtawara, Tochigi, 324-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kikuchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, Ohtawara, Tochigi, 324-8501, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamaguchi
- Center for Basic Medical Research, International University of Health and Welfare, Ohtawara, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Norio Iijima
- Center for Basic Medical Research, International University of Health and Welfare, Ohtawara, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kenneth Sutherland
- Global Center for Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8012, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Hamada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, Ohtawara, Tochigi, 324-8501, Japan; Department of Biological Response and Regulation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan; Hakujikai Institute of Gerontology, 5-11-1, Shikahama, Adachi Ward, Tokyo, 123-0864, Japan.
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35
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Abstract
Circadian clocks are important to much of life on Earth and are of inherent interest to humanity, implicated in fields ranging from agriculture and ecology to developmental biology and medicine. New techniques show that it is not simply the presence of clocks, but coordination between them that is critical for complex physiological processes across the kingdoms of life. Recent years have also seen impressive advances in synthetic biology to the point where parallels can be drawn between synthetic biological and circadian oscillators. This review will emphasize theoretical and experimental studies that have revealed a fascinating dichotomy of coupling and heterogeneity among circadian clocks. We will also consolidate the fields of chronobiology and synthetic biology, discussing key design principles of their respective oscillators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris N Micklem
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK.,The Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CH3 0HE, UK
| | - James C W Locke
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
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36
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Finger AM, Jäschke S, Del Olmo M, Hurwitz R, Granada AE, Herzel H, Kramer A. Intercellular coupling between peripheral circadian oscillators by TGF-β signaling. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/30/eabg5174. [PMID: 34301601 PMCID: PMC8302137 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg5174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Coupling between cell-autonomous circadian oscillators is crucial to prevent desynchronization of cellular networks and disruption of circadian tissue functions. While neuronal oscillators within the mammalian central clock, the suprachiasmatic nucleus, couple intercellularly, coupling among peripheral oscillators is controversial and the molecular mechanisms are unknown. Using two- and three-dimensional mammalian culture models in vitro (mainly human U-2 OS cells) and ex vivo, we show that peripheral oscillators couple via paracrine pathways. We identify transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) as peripheral coupling factor that mediates paracrine phase adjustment of molecular clocks through transcriptional regulation of core-clock genes. Disruption of TGF-β signaling causes desynchronization of oscillator networks resulting in reduced amplitude and increased sensitivity toward external zeitgebers. Our findings reveal an unknown mechanism for peripheral clock synchrony with implications for rhythmic organ functions and circadian health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Marie Finger
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute for Medical Immunology, Laboratory of Chronobiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Jäschke
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute for Medical Immunology, Laboratory of Chronobiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Marta Del Olmo
- Charité and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Institute for Theoretical Biology, Laboratory of Theoretical Chronobiology, Philippstraße 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Hurwitz
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Biochemistry-Protein Purification Core Facility, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Adrián E Granada
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Laboratory of Systems Oncology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center, Partner Site Berlin, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hanspeter Herzel
- Charité and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Institute for Theoretical Biology, Laboratory of Theoretical Chronobiology, Philippstraße 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim Kramer
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute for Medical Immunology, Laboratory of Chronobiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
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37
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Abstract
This Outlook discusses the finding by Sinturel et al. demonstrating the requirement of the suprachiasmatic nucleus for temporal orchestration of the periphery in living animals. The circadian system of mammals is hierarchically organized. The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the hypothalamus is considered the master circadian clock adapting to environmental light–dark cycles and synchronizing subsidiary oscillators in peripheral organs. While being an attractive concept, this has never been convincingly shown in vivo. New findings by Sinturel and colleagues (pp. 329–334) in this issue of Genes & Development now show the requirement of the SCN for temporal orchestration of the periphery in living animals. Surprisingly, this study also found that even in the absence of SCN or extra-SCN clocks, peripheral clocks remain rhythmic, indicating previously controversial circadian oscillator coupling within peripheral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Marie Finger
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Laboratory of Chronobiology, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim Kramer
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Laboratory of Chronobiology, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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38
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Koronowski KB, Sassone-Corsi P. Communicating clocks shape circadian homeostasis. Science 2021; 371:371/6530/eabd0951. [PMID: 33574181 DOI: 10.1126/science.abd0951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Circadian clocks temporally coordinate physiology and align it with geophysical time, which enables diverse life-forms to anticipate daily environmental cycles. In complex organisms, clock function originates from the molecular oscillator within each cell and builds upward anatomically into an organism-wide system. Recent advances have transformed our understanding of how clocks are connected to achieve coherence across tissues. Circadian misalignment, often imposed in modern society, disrupts coordination among clocks and has been linked to diseases ranging from metabolic syndrome to cancer. Thus, uncovering the physiological circuits whereby biological clocks achieve coherence will inform on both challenges and opportunities in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin B Koronowski
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Paolo Sassone-Corsi
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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39
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Sinturel F, Gos P, Petrenko V, Hagedorn C, Kreppel F, Storch KF, Knutti D, Liani A, Weitz C, Emmenegger Y, Franken P, Bonacina L, Dibner C, Schibler U. Circadian hepatocyte clocks keep synchrony in the absence of a master pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus or other extrahepatic clocks. Genes Dev 2021; 35:329-334. [PMID: 33602874 PMCID: PMC7919413 DOI: 10.1101/gad.346460.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Sinturel et al. sought to show that the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) synchronizes peripheral circadian oscillators. By using long-term bioluminescence recordings in freely moving mice, they show that the SCN is indeed required for maintaining synchrony between organs and that circadian oscillations persist in the livers of mice devoid of an SCN or oscillators in cells other than hepatocytes. It has been assumed that the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) synchronizes peripheral circadian oscillators. However, this has never been convincingly shown, since biochemical time series experiments are not feasible in behaviorally arrhythmic animals. By using long-term bioluminescence recording in freely moving mice, we show that the SCN is indeed required for maintaining synchrony between organs. Surprisingly, however, circadian oscillations persist in the livers of mice devoid of an SCN or oscillators in cells other than hepatocytes. Hence, similar to SCN neurons, hepatocytes can maintain phase coherence in the absence of Zeitgeber signals produced by other organs or environmental cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flore Sinturel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, and Patient Education, University Hospital of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.,Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Gos
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sciences III, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Volodymyr Petrenko
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, and Patient Education, University Hospital of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.,Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Hagedorn
- Center of Biomedical Education and Research, University Witten/Herdecke, 58448 Witten, Germany
| | - Florian Kreppel
- Center of Biomedical Education and Research, University Witten/Herdecke, 58448 Witten, Germany
| | - Kai-Florian Storch
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Darko Knutti
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Andre Liani
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sciences III, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Charles Weitz
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Yann Emmenegger
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul Franken
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luigi Bonacina
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Charna Dibner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, and Patient Education, University Hospital of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.,Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ueli Schibler
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sciences III, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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40
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Chirico N, Van Laake LW, Sluijter JPG, van Mil A, Dierickx P. Cardiac circadian rhythms in time and space: The future is in 4D. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2020; 57:49-59. [PMID: 33338891 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock synchronizes the body into 24-h cycles, thereby anticipating variations in tissue-specific diurnal tasks, such as response to increased cardiac metabolic demand during the active period of the day. As a result, blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, and occurrence of fatal cardiovascular events fluctuate in a diurnal manner. The heart contains different cell types that make up and reside in an environment of biochemical, mechanical, and topographical signaling. Cardiac architecture is essential for proper heart development as well as for maintenance of cell homeostasis and tissue repair. In this review, we describe the possibilities of studying circadian rhythmicity in the heart by using advanced in vitro systems that mimic the native cardiac 3D microenvironment which can be tuned in time and space. Harnessing the knowledge that originates from those in vitro models could significantly improve innovative cardiac modeling and regenerative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nino Chirico
- Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology and Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Linda W Van Laake
- Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology and Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology and Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Alain van Mil
- Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology and Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Pieterjan Dierickx
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104, USA.
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41
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Wu H, Li L, Chen KM, Homolka D, Gos P, Fleury-Olela F, McCarthy AA, Pillai RS. Decapping Enzyme NUDT12 Partners with BLMH for Cytoplasmic Surveillance of NAD-Capped RNAs. Cell Rep 2020; 29:4422-4434.e13. [PMID: 31875550 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.11.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA polymerase II transcripts receive a protective 5',5'-triphosphate-linked 7-methylguanosine (m7G) cap, and its removal by decapping enzymes like DCP2 is critical for initiation of RNA decay. Alternative RNA caps can be acquired when transcription initiation uses metabolites like nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), generating NAD-RNAs. Here, we identify human NUDT12 as a cytosolic NAD-RNA decapping enzyme. NUDT12 is active only as homodimers, with each monomer contributing to creation of the two functional catalytic pockets. We identify an ∼600-kDa dodecamer complex between bleomycin hydrolase (BLMH) and NUDT12, with BLMH being required for localization of NUDT12 to a few discrete cytoplasmic granules that are distinct from P-bodies. Both proteins downregulate gene expression when artificially tethered to a reporter RNA in vivo. Furthermore, loss of Nudt12 results in a significant upregulation of circadian clock transcripts in mouse liver. Overall, our study points to a physiological role for NUDT12 in the cytosolic surveillance of NAD-RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Science III, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Lingyun Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, Science III, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Kuan-Ming Chen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Science III, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - David Homolka
- Department of Molecular Biology, Science III, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Gos
- Department of Molecular Biology, Science III, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Fleury-Olela
- Department of Molecular Biology, Science III, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Andrew A McCarthy
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Ramesh S Pillai
- Department of Molecular Biology, Science III, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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42
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Double recording system of Period1 gene expression rhythm in the olfactory bulb and liver in freely moving mouse. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 529:898-903. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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43
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Finger AM, Dibner C, Kramer A. Coupled network of the circadian clocks: a driving force of rhythmic physiology. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:2734-2769. [PMID: 32750151 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The circadian system is composed of coupled endogenous oscillators that allow living beings, including humans, to anticipate and adapt to daily changes in their environment. In mammals, circadian clocks form a hierarchically organized network with a 'master clock' located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus, which ensures entrainment of subsidiary oscillators to environmental cycles. Robust rhythmicity of body clocks is indispensable for temporally coordinating organ functions, and the disruption or misalignment of circadian rhythms caused for instance by modern lifestyle is strongly associated with various widespread diseases. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of our current knowledge about the molecular architecture and system-level organization of mammalian circadian oscillators. Furthermore, we discuss the regulatory roles of peripheral clocks for cell and organ physiology and their implication in the temporal coordination of metabolism in human health and disease. Finally, we summarize methods for assessing circadian rhythmicity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Marie Finger
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Charna Dibner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, and Patient Education, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Achim Kramer
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
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44
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van der Vinne V, Martin Burgos B, Harrington ME, Weaver DR. Deconstructing circadian disruption: Assessing the contribution of reduced peripheral oscillator amplitude on obesity and glucose intolerance in mice. J Pineal Res 2020; 69:e12654. [PMID: 32243642 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Disturbing the circadian regulation of physiology by disruption of the rhythmic environment is associated with adverse health outcomes but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Here, the response of central and peripheral circadian clocks to an advance or delay of the light-dark cycle was determined in mice. This identified transient damping of peripheral clocks as a consequence of an advanced light-dark cycle. Similar depression of peripheral rhythm amplitude was observed in mice exposed to repeated phase shifts. To assess the metabolic consequences of such peripheral amplitude depression in isolation, temporally chimeric mice lacking a functional central clock (Vgat-Cre+ Bmal1fl/fl ) were housed in the absence of environmental rhythmicity. In vivo PER2::LUC bioluminescence imaging of anesthetized and freely moving mice revealed that this resulted in a state of peripheral amplitude depression, similar in severity to that observed transiently following an advance of the light-dark cycle. Surprisingly, our mice did not show alterations in body mass or glucose tolerance in males or females on regular or high-fat diets. Overall, our results identify transient damping of peripheral rhythm amplitude as a consequence of exposure to an advanced light-dark cycle but chronic damping of peripheral clocks in isolation is insufficient to induce adverse metabolic outcomes in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent van der Vinne
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | | | - David R Weaver
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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45
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Ito R, Hamada K, Kasahara S, Kikuchi Y, Nakajima K, Sutherland K, Shirato H, Ozaki M, Ishikawa M, Hamada T. Mouse
period1
gene expression recording from olfactory bulb under free moving conditions with a portable optic fibre device. LUMINESCENCE 2020; 35:1248-1253. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.3884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryoga Ito
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences International University of Health and Welfare Ohtawara Tochigi Japan
| | - Kazuko Hamada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences International University of Health and Welfare Ohtawara Tochigi Japan
| | - Shigeru Kasahara
- Global Center for Biomedical Science and Engineering, Faculty of Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kikuchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences International University of Health and Welfare Ohtawara Tochigi Japan
| | - Kanako Nakajima
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences International University of Health and Welfare Ohtawara Tochigi Japan
| | - Kenneth Sutherland
- Global Center for Biomedical Science and Engineering, Faculty of Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - Hiroki Shirato
- Global Center for Biomedical Science and Engineering, Faculty of Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
- Department of Proton Beam Therapy, Research Center for Collaborative Projects, Faculty of Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - Michitaka Ozaki
- Department of Biological Response and Regulation, Faculty of Health Sciences Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - Masayori Ishikawa
- Global Center for Biomedical Science and Engineering, Faculty of Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
- Faculty of Health Sciences Hokkaido Universtiy Sapporo Hokkaido 060‐0812 Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Hamada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences International University of Health and Welfare Ohtawara Tochigi Japan
- Department of Biological Response and Regulation, Faculty of Health Sciences Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
- Hakujikai Institute of Gerontology 5‐11‐1, Shikahama, Adachi Ward Tokyo Japan
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Begemann K, Neumann A, Oster H. Regulation and function of extra-SCN circadian oscillators in the brain. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 229:e13446. [PMID: 31965726 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Most organisms evolved endogenous, so called circadian clocks as internal timekeeping mechanisms allowing them to adapt to recurring changes in environmental demands brought about by 24-hour rhythms such as the light-dark cycle, temperature variations or changes in humidity. The mammalian circadian clock system is based on cellular oscillators found in all tissues of the body that are organized in a hierarchical fashion. A master pacemaker located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) synchronizes peripheral tissue clocks and extra-SCN oscillators in the brain with each other and with external time. Different time cues (so called Zeitgebers) such as light, food intake, activity and hormonal signals reset the clock system through the SCN or by direct action at the tissue clock level. While most studies on non-SCN clocks so far have focused on peripheral tissues, several extra-SCN central oscillators were characterized in terms of circadian rhythm regulation and output. Some of them are directly innervated by the SCN pacemaker, while others receive indirect input from the SCN via other neural circuits or extra-brain structures. The specific physiological function of these non-SCN brain oscillators as well as their role in the regulation of the circadian clock network remains understudied. In this review we summarize our current knowledge about the regulation and function of extra-SCN circadian oscillators in different brain regions and devise experimental approaches enabling us to unravel the organization of the circadian clock network in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Henrik Oster
- Institute of Neurobiology University of Lübeck Lübeck Germany
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47
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Pickel L, Sung HK. Feeding Rhythms and the Circadian Regulation of Metabolism. Front Nutr 2020; 7:39. [PMID: 32363197 PMCID: PMC7182033 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular circadian clock regulates metabolic processes within the cell, and the alignment of these clocks between tissues is essential for the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. The possibility of misalignment arises from the differential responsiveness of tissues to the environmental cues that synchronize the clock (zeitgebers). Although light is the dominant environmental cue for the master clock of the suprachiasmatic nucleus, many other tissues are sensitive to feeding and fasting. When rhythms of feeding behavior are altered, for example by shift work or the constant availability of highly palatable foods, strong feedback is sent to the peripheral molecular clocks. Varying degrees of phase shift can cause the systemic misalignment of metabolic processes. Moreover, when there is a misalignment between the endogenous rhythms in physiology and environmental inputs, such as feeding during the inactive phase, the body's ability to maintain homeostasis is impaired. The loss of phase coordination between the organism and environment, as well as internal misalignment between tissues, can produce cardiometabolic disease as a consequence. The aim of this review is to synthesize the work on the mechanisms and metabolic effects of circadian misalignment. The timing of food intake is highlighted as a powerful environmental cue with the potential to destroy or restore the synchrony of circadian rhythms in metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Pickel
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hoon-Ki Sung
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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48
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Welz PS, Zinna VM, Symeonidi A, Koronowski KB, Kinouchi K, Smith JG, Guillén IM, Castellanos A, Furrow S, Aragón F, Crainiciuc G, Prats N, Caballero JM, Hidalgo A, Sassone-Corsi P, Benitah SA. BMAL1-Driven Tissue Clocks Respond Independently to Light to Maintain Homeostasis. Cell 2020; 177:1436-1447.e12. [PMID: 31150620 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms control organismal physiology throughout the day. At the cellular level, clock regulation is established by a self-sustained Bmal1-dependent transcriptional oscillator network. However, it is still unclear how different tissues achieve a synchronized rhythmic physiology. That is, do they respond independently to environmental signals, or require interactions with each other to do so? We show that unexpectedly, light synchronizes the Bmal1-dependent circadian machinery in single tissues in the absence of Bmal1 in all other tissues. Strikingly, light-driven tissue autonomous clocks occur without rhythmic feeding behavior and are lost in constant darkness. Importantly, tissue-autonomous Bmal1 partially sustains homeostasis in otherwise arrhythmic and prematurely aging animals. Our results therefore support a two-branched model for the daily synchronization of tissues: an autonomous response branch, whereby light entrains circadian clocks without any commitment of other Bmal1-dependent clocks, and a memory branch using other Bmal1-dependent clocks to "remember" time in the absence of external cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick-Simon Welz
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Valentina M Zinna
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aikaterini Symeonidi
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kevin B Koronowski
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Kenichiro Kinouchi
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jacob G Smith
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Inés Marín Guillén
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrés Castellanos
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stephen Furrow
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ferrán Aragón
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Georgiana Crainiciuc
- Area of Developmental and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Neus Prats
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Andrés Hidalgo
- Area of Developmental and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians University, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Paolo Sassone-Corsi
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Salvador Aznar Benitah
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
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49
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Defining the Independence of the Liver Circadian Clock. Cell 2020; 177:1448-1462.e14. [PMID: 31150621 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mammals rely on a network of circadian clocks to control daily systemic metabolism and physiology. The central pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is considered hierarchically dominant over peripheral clocks, whose degree of independence, or tissue-level autonomy, has never been ascertained in vivo. Using arrhythmic Bmal1-null mice, we generated animals with reconstituted circadian expression of BMAL1 exclusively in the liver (Liver-RE). High-throughput transcriptomics and metabolomics show that the liver has independent circadian functions specific for metabolic processes such as the NAD+ salvage pathway and glycogen turnover. However, although BMAL1 occupies chromatin at most genomic targets in Liver-RE mice, circadian expression is restricted to ∼10% of normally rhythmic transcripts. Finally, rhythmic clock gene expression is lost in Liver-RE mice under constant darkness. Hence, full circadian function in the liver depends on signals emanating from other clocks, and light contributes to tissue-autonomous clock function.
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Pilorz V, Astiz M, Heinen KO, Rawashdeh O, Oster H. The Concept of Coupling in the Mammalian Circadian Clock Network. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:3618-3638. [PMID: 31926953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock network regulates daily rhythms in mammalian physiology and behavior to optimally adapt the organism to the 24-h day/night cycle. A central pacemaker, the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), coordinates subordinate cellular oscillators in the brain, as well as in peripheral organs to align with each other and external time. Stability and coordination of this vast network of cellular oscillators is achieved through different levels of coupling. Although coupling at the molecular level and across the SCN is well established and believed to define its function as pacemaker structure, the notion of coupling in other tissues and across the whole system is less well understood. In this review, we describe the different levels of coupling in the mammalian circadian clock system - from molecules to the whole organism. We highlight recent advances in gaining knowledge of the complex organization and function of circadian network regulation and its significance for the generation of stable but plastic intrinsic 24-h rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violetta Pilorz
- University of Lübeck, Institute of Neurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, Marie-Curie-Strasse, 23562, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Mariana Astiz
- University of Lübeck, Institute of Neurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, Marie-Curie-Strasse, 23562, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Keno Ole Heinen
- University of Lübeck, Institute of Neurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, Marie-Curie-Strasse, 23562, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Oliver Rawashdeh
- The University of Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, St Lucia Qld, 4071, Australia
| | - Henrik Oster
- University of Lübeck, Institute of Neurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, Marie-Curie-Strasse, 23562, Luebeck, Germany.
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