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Chand S, Tripathi AS, Dewani AP, Sheikh NWA. Molecular targets for management of diabetes: Remodelling of white adipose to brown adipose tissue. Life Sci 2024; 345:122607. [PMID: 38583857 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a disorder characterised metabolic dysfunction that results in elevated glucose level in the bloodstream. Diabetes is of two types, type1 and type 2 diabetes. Obesity is considered as one of the major reasons intended for incidence of diabetes hence it turns out to be essential to study about the adipose tissue which is responsible for fat storage in body. Adipose tissues play significant role in maintaining the balance between energy stabilization and homeostasis. The three forms of adipose tissue are - White adipose tissue (WAT), Brown adipose tissue (BAT) and Beige adipose tissue (intermediate form). The amount of BAT gets reduced, and WAT starts to increase with the age. WAT when exposed to certain stimuli gets converted to BAT by the help of certain transcriptional regulators. The browning of WAT has been a matter of study to treat the metabolic disorders and to initiate the expenditure of energy. The three main regulators responsible for the browning of WAT are PRDM16, PPARγ and PGC-1α via various cellular and molecular mechanism. Presented review article includes the detailed elaborative aspect of genes and proteins involved in conversion of WAT to BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shushmita Chand
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alok Shiomurti Tripathi
- Department of Pharmacology, ERA College of Pharmacy, ERA University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Anil P Dewani
- Department of Pharmacology, P. Wadhwani College of Pharmacy, Yavatmal, Maharashtra, India
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2
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Li X, Zeng S, Chen L, Zhang Y, Li X, Zhang B, Su D, Du Q, Zhang J, Wang H, Zhong Z, Zhang J, Li P, Jiang A, Long K, Li M, Ge L. An intronic enhancer of Cebpa regulates adipocyte differentiation and adipose tissue development via long-range loop formation. Cell Prolif 2024; 57:e13552. [PMID: 37905345 PMCID: PMC10905358 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cebpa is a master transcription factor gene for adipogenesis. However, the mechanisms of enhancer-promoter chromatin interactions controlling Cebpa transcriptional regulation during adipogenic differentiation remain largely unknown. To reveal how the three-dimensional structure of Cebpa changes during adipogenesis, we generated high-resolution chromatin interactions of Cebpa in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and 3T3-L1 adipocytes using circularized chromosome conformation capture sequencing (4C-seq). We revealed dramatic changes in chromatin interactions and chromatin status at interaction sites during adipogenic differentiation. Based on this, we identified five active enhancers of Cebpa in 3T3-L1 adipocytes through epigenomic data and luciferase reporter assays. Next, epigenetic repression of Cebpa-L1-AD-En2 or -En3 by the dCas9-KRAB system significantly down-regulated Cebpa expression and inhibited adipocyte differentiation. Furthermore, experimental depletion of cohesin decreased the interaction intensity between Cebpa-L1-AD-En2 and the Cebpa promoter and down-regulated Cebpa expression, indicating that long-range chromatin loop formation was mediated by cohesin. Two transcription factors, RXRA and PPARG, synergistically regulate the activity of Cebpa-L1-AD-En2. To test whether Cebpa-L1-AD-En2 plays a role in adipose tissue development, we injected dCas9-KRAB-En2 lentivirus into the inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) of mice to suppress the activity of Cebpa-L1-AD-En2. Repression of Cebpa-L1-AD-En2 significantly decreased Cebpa expression and adipocyte size, altered iWAT transcriptome, and affected iWAT development. We identified functional enhancers regulating Cebpa expression and clarified the crucial roles of Cebpa-L1-AD-En2 and Cebpa promoter interaction in adipocyte differentiation and adipose tissue development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding IndustrySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Livestock and Poultry Multi‐omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and TechnologySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Sha Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding IndustrySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Livestock and Poultry Multi‐omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and TechnologySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Li Chen
- Chongqing Academy of Animal SciencesChongqingChina
- National Center of Technology Innovation for PigsChongqingChina
- Key Laboratory of Pig Industry ScienceMinistry of AgricultureChongqingChina
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding IndustrySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Livestock and Poultry Multi‐omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and TechnologySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xuemin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding IndustrySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Livestock and Poultry Multi‐omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and TechnologySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Biwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding IndustrySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Livestock and Poultry Multi‐omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and TechnologySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Duo Su
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding IndustrySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Livestock and Poultry Multi‐omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and TechnologySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Qinjiao Du
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding IndustrySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Livestock and Poultry Multi‐omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and TechnologySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jiaman Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding IndustrySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Livestock and Poultry Multi‐omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and TechnologySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Haoming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding IndustrySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Livestock and Poultry Multi‐omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and TechnologySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhining Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding IndustrySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Livestock and Poultry Multi‐omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and TechnologySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal SciencesChongqingChina
- National Center of Technology Innovation for PigsChongqingChina
- Key Laboratory of Pig Industry ScienceMinistry of AgricultureChongqingChina
| | - Penghao Li
- Jinxin Research Institute for Reproductive Medicine and GeneticsSichuan Jinxin Xi'nan Women's and Children's HospitalChengduChina
| | - Anan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding IndustrySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Livestock and Poultry Multi‐omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and TechnologySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Keren Long
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding IndustrySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Livestock and Poultry Multi‐omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and TechnologySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Chongqing Academy of Animal SciencesChongqingChina
| | - Mingzhou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding IndustrySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- Livestock and Poultry Multi‐omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and TechnologySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Liangpeng Ge
- Chongqing Academy of Animal SciencesChongqingChina
- National Center of Technology Innovation for PigsChongqingChina
- Key Laboratory of Pig Industry ScienceMinistry of AgricultureChongqingChina
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Chen S, Lei M, Liu K, Min J. Structural basis for specific DNA sequence recognition by the transcription factor NFIL3. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105776. [PMID: 38382670 PMCID: PMC10941009 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs) constitute a family of pivotal transcription factors involved in tissue development, cellular function, proliferation, and differentiation. NFIL3, as one of them, plays an important role in regulating immune cell differentiation, circadian clock system, and neural regeneration, yet its specific DNA recognition mechanism remains enigmatic. In this study, we showed by the ITC binding experiments that NFIL3 prefers to bind to the TTACGTAA DNA motif. Our structural studies revealed that the α-helical NFIL3 bZIP domain dimerizes through its leucine zipper region, and binds to DNA via its basic region. The two basic regions of the NFIL3 bZIP dimer were pushed apart upon binding to DNA, facilitating the snug accommodation of the two basic regions within the major grooves of the DNA. Remarkably, our binding and structural data also revealed that both NFIL3 and C/EBPα/β demonstrate a shared preference for the TTACGTAA sequence. Furthermore, our study revealed that disease-associated mutations within the NFIL3 bZIP domain result in either reduction or complete disruption of its DNA binding ability. These discoveries not only provide valuable insights into the DNA binding mechanisms of NFIL3 but also elucidate the causal role of NFIL3 mutations in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sizhuo Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Lei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jinrong Min
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China.
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4
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Liu Y, He T, Li Z, Sun Z, Wang S, Shen H, Hou L, Li S, Wei Y, Zhuo B, Li S, Zhou C, Guo H, Zhang R, Li B. TET2 is recruited by CREB to promote Cebpb, Cebpa, and Pparg transcription by facilitating hydroxymethylation during adipocyte differentiation. iScience 2023; 26:108312. [PMID: 38026190 PMCID: PMC10663734 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ten-eleven translocation proteins (TETs) are dioxygenases that convert 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), an important epigenetic mark that regulates gene expression during development and differentiation. Here, we found that the TET2 expression was positively associated with adipogenesis. Further, in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that TET2 deficiency blocked adipogenesis by inhibiting the expression of the key transcription factors CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPβ), C/EBPα and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). In addition, TET2 promoted 5hmC on the CpG islands (CGIs) of Cebpb, Cebpa and Pparg at the initial time point of their transcription, which requires the cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB). At last, specific knockout of Tet2 in preadipocytes enabled mice to resist obesity and attenuated the obesity-associated insulin resistance. Together, TET2 is recruited by CREB to promote the expression of Cebpb, Cebpa and Pparg via 5hmC during adipogenesis and may be a potential therapeutic target for obesity and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network and Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361100, China
| | - Ting He
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network and Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361100, China
| | - Zhuofang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network and Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361100, China
| | - Zhen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network and Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361100, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network and Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361100, China
- Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Xiamen Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Huanming Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network and Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361100, China
| | - Lingfeng Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network and Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361100, China
| | - Shengnan Li
- School of Medicine, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan 454000, China
| | - Yixin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network and Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361100, China
| | - Bingzhao Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network and Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361100, China
| | - Shanni Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network and Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361100, China
| | - Can Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network and Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361100, China
| | - Huiling Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network and Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361100, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Xiamen Cell Therapy Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, China
| | - Boan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network and Engineering Research Center of Molecular Diagnostics of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361100, China
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5
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Sabatier M, Birsen R, Lauture L, Mouche S, Angelino P, Dehairs J, Goupille L, Boussaid I, Heiblig M, Boet E, Sahal A, Saland E, Santos JC, Armengol M, Fernández-Serrano M, Farge T, Cognet G, Simonetta F, Pignon C, Graffeuil A, Mazzotti C, Avet-Loiseau H, Delos O, Bertrand-Michel J, Chedru A, Dembitz V, Gallipoli P, Anstee NS, Loo S, Wei AH, Carroll M, Goubard A, Castellano R, Collette Y, Vergez F, Mansat-De Mas V, Bertoli S, Tavitian S, Picard M, Récher C, Bourges-Abella N, Granat F, Kosmider O, Sujobert P, Colsch B, Joffre C, Stuani L, Swinnen JV, Guillou H, Roué G, Hakim N, Dejean AS, Tsantoulis P, Larrue C, Bouscary D, Tamburini J, Sarry JE. C/EBPα Confers Dependence to Fatty Acid Anabolic Pathways and Vulnerability to Lipid Oxidative Stress-Induced Ferroptosis in FLT3-Mutant Leukemia. Cancer Discov 2023; 13:1720-1747. [PMID: 37012202 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-0411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Although transcription factor CCAAT-enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) is critical for normal and leukemic differentiation, its role in cell and metabolic homeostasis is largely unknown in cancer. Here, multiomics analyses uncovered a coordinated activation of C/EBPα and Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) that increased lipid anabolism in vivo and in patients with FLT3-mutant acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Mechanistically, C/EBPα regulated the fatty acid synthase (FASN)-stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) axis to promote fatty acid (FA) biosynthesis and desaturation. We further demonstrated that FLT3 or C/EBPα inactivation decreased monounsaturated FA incorporation to membrane phospholipids through SCD downregulation. Consequently, SCD inhibition enhanced susceptibility to lipid redox stress that was exploited by combining FLT3 and glutathione peroxidase 4 inhibition to trigger lipid oxidative stress, enhancing ferroptotic death of FLT3-mutant AML cells. Altogether, our study reveals a C/EBPα function in lipid homeostasis and adaptation to redox stress, and a previously unreported vulnerability of FLT3-mutant AML to ferroptosis with promising therapeutic application. SIGNIFICANCE FLT3 mutations are found in 30% of AML cases and are actionable by tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Here, we discovered that C/EBPα regulates FA biosynthesis and protection from lipid redox stress downstream mutant-FLT3 signaling, which confers a vulnerability to ferroptosis upon FLT3 inhibition with therapeutic potential in AML. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1501.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Sabatier
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Inserm U1037, CNRS U5077, Toulouse, France
- LabEx Toucan, Toulouse, France
- Équipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2018, Toulouse, France
| | - Rudy Birsen
- Translational Research Centre in Onco-Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, and Swiss Cancer Center Leman, Geneva, Switzerland
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS U8104, Inserm U1016, Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, Service d'Hématologie Clinique, Paris, France
| | - Laura Lauture
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Inserm U1037, CNRS U5077, Toulouse, France
- LabEx Toucan, Toulouse, France
- Équipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2018, Toulouse, France
| | - Sarah Mouche
- Translational Research Centre in Onco-Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, and Swiss Cancer Center Leman, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Angelino
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Dehairs
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Department of Oncology, LKI-Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Léa Goupille
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Inserm U1037, CNRS U5077, Toulouse, France
- LabEx Toucan, Toulouse, France
- Équipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2018, Toulouse, France
| | - Ismael Boussaid
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS U8104, Inserm U1016, Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Maël Heiblig
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Lyon, France
- CIRI, Inserm U1111 CNRS 5308, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Emeline Boet
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Inserm U1037, CNRS U5077, Toulouse, France
- LabEx Toucan, Toulouse, France
- Équipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2018, Toulouse, France
| | - Ambrine Sahal
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Inserm U1037, CNRS U5077, Toulouse, France
- LabEx Toucan, Toulouse, France
- Équipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2018, Toulouse, France
| | - Estelle Saland
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Inserm U1037, CNRS U5077, Toulouse, France
- LabEx Toucan, Toulouse, France
- Équipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2018, Toulouse, France
| | - Juliana C Santos
- Lymphoma Translational Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
| | - Marc Armengol
- Lymphoma Translational Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
| | | | - Thomas Farge
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Inserm U1037, CNRS U5077, Toulouse, France
- LabEx Toucan, Toulouse, France
- Équipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2018, Toulouse, France
| | - Guillaume Cognet
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Inserm U1037, CNRS U5077, Toulouse, France
- LabEx Toucan, Toulouse, France
- Équipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2018, Toulouse, France
| | - Federico Simonetta
- Translational Research Centre in Onco-Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, and Swiss Cancer Center Leman, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Corentin Pignon
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Inserm U1037, CNRS U5077, Toulouse, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Service d'Hématologie, Toulouse, France
| | - Antoine Graffeuil
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Inserm U1037, CNRS U5077, Toulouse, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Service d'Hématologie, Toulouse, France
| | - Céline Mazzotti
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Inserm U1037, CNRS U5077, Toulouse, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Service d'Hématologie, Toulouse, France
| | - Hervé Avet-Loiseau
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Inserm U1037, CNRS U5077, Toulouse, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Service d'Hématologie, Toulouse, France
| | - Océane Delos
- MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Justine Bertrand-Michel
- MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Amélie Chedru
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, MetaboHUB, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Vilma Dembitz
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Gallipoli
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Natasha S Anstee
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Sun Loo
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew H Wei
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Martin Carroll
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Armelle Goubard
- Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Rémy Castellano
- Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Yves Collette
- Aix-Marseille University, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - François Vergez
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Inserm U1037, CNRS U5077, Toulouse, France
- LabEx Toucan, Toulouse, France
- Équipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2018, Toulouse, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Service d'Hématologie, Toulouse, France
| | - Véronique Mansat-De Mas
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Inserm U1037, CNRS U5077, Toulouse, France
- LabEx Toucan, Toulouse, France
- Équipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2018, Toulouse, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Service d'Hématologie, Toulouse, France
| | - Sarah Bertoli
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Inserm U1037, CNRS U5077, Toulouse, France
- LabEx Toucan, Toulouse, France
- Équipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2018, Toulouse, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Service d'Hématologie, Toulouse, France
| | - Suzanne Tavitian
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Service d'Hématologie, Toulouse, France
| | - Muriel Picard
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Service de Réanimation, Toulouse, France
| | - Christian Récher
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Inserm U1037, CNRS U5077, Toulouse, France
- LabEx Toucan, Toulouse, France
- Équipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2018, Toulouse, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Service d'Hématologie, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Fanny Granat
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Inserm U1037, CNRS U5077, Toulouse, France
- LabEx Toucan, Toulouse, France
- Équipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2018, Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Kosmider
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS U8104, Inserm U1016, Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Sujobert
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Lyon, France
- CIRI, Inserm U1111 CNRS 5308, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Benoit Colsch
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, MetaboHUB, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Carine Joffre
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Inserm U1037, CNRS U5077, Toulouse, France
- LabEx Toucan, Toulouse, France
- Équipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2018, Toulouse, France
| | - Lucille Stuani
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Inserm U1037, CNRS U5077, Toulouse, France
- LabEx Toucan, Toulouse, France
- Équipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2018, Toulouse, France
| | - Johannes V Swinnen
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Department of Oncology, LKI-Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hervé Guillou
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Gael Roué
- Lymphoma Translational Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
| | - Nawad Hakim
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (INFINITy), Inserm UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne S Dejean
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (INFINITy), Inserm UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Petros Tsantoulis
- Translational Research Centre in Onco-Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, and Swiss Cancer Center Leman, Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Clément Larrue
- Translational Research Centre in Onco-Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, and Swiss Cancer Center Leman, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Didier Bouscary
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS U8104, Inserm U1016, Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, Service d'Hématologie Clinique, Paris, France
| | - Jerome Tamburini
- Translational Research Centre in Onco-Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, and Swiss Cancer Center Leman, Geneva, Switzerland
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS U8104, Inserm U1016, Paris, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Emmanuel Sarry
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Inserm U1037, CNRS U5077, Toulouse, France
- LabEx Toucan, Toulouse, France
- Équipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer 2018, Toulouse, France
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6
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Li J, Jin C, Gustafsson S, Rao A, Wabitsch M, Park CY, Quertermous T, Knowles JW, Bielczyk-Maczynska E. Single-cell transcriptome dataset of human and mouse in vitro adipogenesis models. Sci Data 2023; 10:387. [PMID: 37328521 PMCID: PMC10275883 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02293-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipogenesis is a process in which fat-specific progenitor cells (preadipocytes) differentiate into adipocytes that carry out the key metabolic functions of the adipose tissue, including glucose uptake, energy storage, and adipokine secretion. Several cell lines are routinely used to study the molecular regulation of adipogenesis, in particular the immortalized mouse 3T3-L1 line and the primary human Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS) line. However, the cell-to-cell variability of transcriptional changes prior to and during adipogenesis in these models is not well understood. Here, we present a single-cell RNA-Sequencing (scRNA-Seq) dataset collected before and during adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 and SGBS cells. To minimize the effects of experimental variation, we mixed 3T3-L1 and SGBS cells and used computational analysis to demultiplex transcriptomes of mouse and human cells. In both models, adipogenesis results in the appearance of three cell clusters, corresponding to preadipocytes, early and mature adipocytes. These data provide a groundwork for comparative studies on these widely used in vitro models of human and mouse adipogenesis, and on cell-to-cell variability during this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiehan Li
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Christopher Jin
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Stefan Gustafsson
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Abhiram Rao
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Center for Rare Endocrine Diseases, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, 89075, Germany
| | - Chong Y Park
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Joshua W Knowles
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Ewa Bielczyk-Maczynska
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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7
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Li J, Jin C, Gustafsson S, Rao A, Wabitsch M, Park CY, Quertermous T, Bielczyk-Maczynska E, Knowles JW. Single-cell transcriptome dataset of human and mouse in vitro adipogenesis models. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.27.534456. [PMID: 37034809 PMCID: PMC10081256 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.27.534456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Adipogenesis is a process in which fat-specific progenitor cells (preadipocytes) differentiate into adipocytes that carry out the key metabolic functions of the adipose tissue, including glucose uptake, energy storage, and adipokine secretion. Several cell lines are routinely used to study the molecular regulation of adipogenesis, in particular the immortalized mouse 3T3-L1 line and the primary human Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS) line. However, the cell-to-cell variability of transcriptional changes prior to and during adipogenesis in these models is not well understood. Here, we present a single-cell RNA-Sequencing (scRNA-Seq) dataset collected before and during adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 and SGBS cells. To minimize the effects of experimental variation, we mixed 3T3-L1 and SGBS cells and used computational analysis to demultiplex transcriptomes of mouse and human cells. In both models, adipogenesis results in the appearance of three cell clusters, corresponding to preadipocytes, early and mature adipocytes. These data provide a groundwork for comparative studies on human and mouse adipogenesis, as well as on cell-to-cell variability in gene expression during this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiehan Li
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, 94305, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Jiehan Li, Christopher Jin
| | - Christopher Jin
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Jiehan Li, Christopher Jin
| | - Stefan Gustafsson
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Abhiram Rao
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Center for Rare Endocrine Diseases, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, 89075, Germany
| | - Chong Y. Park
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ewa Bielczyk-Maczynska
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, 94305, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Jiehan Li, Christopher Jin
| | - Joshua W. Knowles
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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8
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A Wrong Fate Decision in Adipose Stem Cells upon Obesity. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040662. [PMID: 36831329 PMCID: PMC9954614 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Progress has been made in identifying stem cell aging as a pathological manifestation of a variety of diseases, including obesity. Adipose stem cells (ASCs) play a core role in adipocyte turnover, which maintains tissue homeostasis. Given aberrant lineage determination as a feature of stem cell aging, failure in adipogenesis is a culprit of adipose hypertrophy, resulting in adiposopathy and related complications. In this review, we elucidate how ASC fails in entering adipogenic lineage, with a specific focus on extracellular signaling pathways, epigenetic drift, metabolic reprogramming, and mechanical stretch. Nonetheless, such detrimental alternations can be reversed by guiding ASCs towards adipogenesis. Considering the pathological role of ASC aging in obesity, targeting adipogenesis as an anti-obesity treatment will be a key area of future research, and a strategy to rejuvenate tissue stem cell will be capable of alleviating metabolic syndrome.
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9
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Hokimoto S, Funakoshi-Tago M, Tago K. Identification of DDX5 as an indispensable activator of the glucocorticoid receptor in adipocyte differentiation. FEBS J 2023; 290:988-1007. [PMID: 36071319 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) family members and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR γ) is essential for the differentiation of pre-adipocyte 3T3-L1 cells into mature adipocytes induced by a combined stimulation with dexamethasone, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine and insulin (DMI). We herein demonstrated that the RNA helicase DDX5, the expression of which was induced by DMI, played an important role in the adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. The DMI-induced accumulation of lipid droplets and expression of adipocyte markers in 3T3-L1 cells were significantly inhibited by the knockdown of DDX5. The knockdown of DDX5 interfered with the expressional induction of C/EBPδ, which was the first to be induced in the transcription factor cascade, and inhibited the subsequent expression of the other transcription factors, C/EBPβ, PPARγ and C/EBPα. DDX5 interacted with the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which induced the expression of C/EBPδ. The knockdown of DDX5 failed to induce the nuclear translocation of GR, suggesting the essential role of DDX5 in the early stage of adipocyte differentiation. Furthermore, the reconstitution of DDX5, but not the DDX5 mutant (K144N) lacking RNA helicase activity, restored DMI-induced GR activation and adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells in which DDX5 was knocked down, confirming that the RNA helicase activity of DDX5 is essential for adipogenesis. Collectively, these results revealed for the first time that DDX5 is necessary for GR activation and plays an essential role in early adipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Hokimoto
- Division of Hygienic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kenji Tago
- Division of Structural Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Japan
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10
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Bahrami-Nejad Z, Zhang ZB, Tholen S, Sharma S, Rabiee A, Zhao ML, Kraemer FB, Teruel MN. Early enforcement of cell identity by a functional component of the terminally differentiated state. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001900. [PMID: 36469503 PMCID: PMC9721491 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
How progenitor cells can attain a distinct differentiated cell identity is a challenging problem given the fluctuating signaling environment in which cells exist and that critical transcription factors are often not unique to a differentiation process. Here, we test the hypothesis that a unique differentiated cell identity can result from a core component of the differentiated state doubling up as a signaling protein that also drives differentiation. Using live single-cell imaging in the adipocyte differentiation system, we show that progenitor fat cells (preadipocytes) can only commit to terminally differentiate after up-regulating FABP4, a lipid buffer that is highly enriched in mature adipocytes. Upon induction of adipogenesis in mouse preadipocyte cells, we show that after a long delay, cells first abruptly start to engage a positive feedback between CEBPA and PPARG before then engaging, after a second delay, a positive feedback between FABP4 and PPARG. These sequential positive feedbacks both need to engage in order to drive PPARG levels past the threshold for irreversible differentiation. In the last step before commitment, PPARG transcriptionally increases FABP4 expression while fatty acid-loaded FABP4 increases PPARG activity. Together, our study suggests a control principle for robust cell identity whereby a core component of the differentiated state also promotes differentiation from its own progenitor state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bahrami-Nejad
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Zhi-Bo Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and the Drukier Institute for Children’s Health, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Stefan Tholen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Sanjeev Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry and the Drukier Institute for Children’s Health, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Atefeh Rabiee
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California, United States of America
| | - Michael L. Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Fredric B. Kraemer
- Department of Medicine/Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Mary N. Teruel
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and the Drukier Institute for Children’s Health, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America
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11
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Han JH, Lee HW, Jung SH, Cho CW, Kim TJ, Kang JS, Myung CS. The anti-obesity effect of mulberry leaf (Mori Folium) extracts was increased by bioconversion with Pectinex. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20375. [PMID: 36437256 PMCID: PMC9701790 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23856-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mulberry leaf (Mori Folium) extract (MLE) is known to have anti-obesity effects. In this study, the enhanced effects of MLE after bioconversion treatment using Pectinex (BMLE) on obesity were explored, and the underlying mechanisms were investigated using the active components, neochlorogenic acid (5-CQA) and cryptochlorogenic acid (4-CQA), whose amounts were increased by bioconversion of MLE. Both MLE and BMLE inhibited lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes without cytotoxicity and suppressed the expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα). In addition, MLE and BMLE decreased high-fat diet-induced adipose tissue mass expansion. Notably, BMLE significantly increased antiadipogenic and anti-obesity effects compared to MLE in vitro and in vivo. The active ingredients increased by bioconversion, 5-CQA and 4-CQA, inhibited the protein levels of C/EBPα and the mRNA levels of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (Scd1). These findings provide new insights into the therapeutic possibility of using bioconversion of MLE, by which upregulation of 5-CQA and 4-CQA potently inhibits adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Hui Han
- grid.254230.20000 0001 0722 6377Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Won Lee
- grid.254230.20000 0001 0722 6377Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyuk Jung
- grid.254230.20000 0001 0722 6377Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Chong Woon Cho
- grid.254230.20000 0001 0722 6377College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Jeong Kim
- grid.254230.20000 0001 0722 6377College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seong Kang
- grid.254230.20000 0001 0722 6377College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seon Myung
- grid.254230.20000 0001 0722 6377Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134 Republic of Korea
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12
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Wang MH, Ye Y, Zhang M, Zhou BR, Wang JN, Song YN, Xia W. Exosome-mediated delivery of SCD-1 siRNA promoted the death of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells via regulating ROS level. Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 24:288-296. [PMID: 34287816 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02682-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is one of the most aggressive cancers in the world. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1) is one of major enzymes in the de novo synthesis of fatty acids and is related to cancer aggressiveness and poor patient prognosis. The study aimed to construct exosomes loaded SCD-1 interference, investigate its effects and mechanisms on the cell proliferation and apoptosis of ATC cells. METHODS The expressions of SCD-1 in normal thyroid cell line and ATC cell lines were determined by qRT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. Exosomes were prepared and purification then loaded with SCD-1 siRNA by electroporation and observed by transmission electron microscopy. Higher SCD-1 mRNA and protein levels were found in ATC cell lines compared than normal thyroid cell line (P < 0.05), and both Hth-7 and FRO cells could uptake PKH67-labeled exosomes. The effects of exosomes loaded SCD-1 siRNA on ATC cells were measured by CCK8 assay and apoptosis detection kit. RESULTS When compared with control group, the cell viability significantly decreased in both two ATC cell lines taken up exosomes loaded SCD-1 siRNA (P < 0.001), and apoptotic and necrotic cells obviously increased (P < 0.05). In order to explore the mechanism of exosomes loaded SCD-1 on ATC, the ROS level was detected by fluorescence reagent. It was found that exosomes loaded SCD-1 siRNA significantly increased intracellular ROS level of ATC cells (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Exosomes loaded SCD-1 siRNA inhibited ATC cellular proliferation and promoted cellular apoptosis, and the mechanisms involved maybe the regulation of fatty acids metabolism and ROS level. Our study provides a promising therapeutic strategy for ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 358 Datong Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200137, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Ye
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - M Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - B R Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 358 Datong Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200137, People's Republic of China
| | - J N Wang
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Y N Song
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - W Xia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 358 Datong Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200137, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Unveiling the Role of the Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4 in the Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10010197. [PMID: 35052876 PMCID: PMC8773613 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), the main cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, is a progressive disease ranging from fatty liver to steatohepatitis (metabolic-associated steatohepatitis; MASH). Nevertheless, it remains underdiagnosed due to the lack of effective non-invasive methods for its diagnosis and staging. Although MAFLD has been found in lean individuals, it is closely associated with obesity-related conditions. Adipose tissue is the main source of liver triglycerides and adipocytes act as endocrine organs releasing a large number of adipokines and pro-inflammatory mediators involved in MAFLD progression into bloodstream. Among the adipocyte-derived molecules, fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) has been recently associated with fatty liver and additional features of advanced stages of MAFLD. Additionally, emerging data from preclinical studies propose FABP4 as a causal actor involved in the disease progression, rather than a mere biomarker for the disease. Therefore, the FABP4 regulation could be considered as a potential therapeutic strategy to MAFLD. Here, we review the current knowledge of FABP4 in MAFLD, as well as its potential role as a therapeutic target for this disease.
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14
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Adipocyte Biology from the Perspective of In Vivo Research: Review of Key Transcription Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010322. [PMID: 35008748 PMCID: PMC8745732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes are both significant contributors to the contemporary pandemic of non-communicable diseases. Both disorders are interconnected and associated with the disruption of normal homeostasis in adipose tissue. Consequently, exploring adipose tissue differentiation and homeostasis is important for the treatment and prevention of metabolic disorders. The aim of this work is to review the consecutive steps in the postnatal development of adipocytes, with a special emphasis on in vivo studies. We gave particular attention to well-known transcription factors that had been thoroughly described in vitro, and showed that the in vivo research of adipogenic differentiation can lead to surprising findings.
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15
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Ha EE, Quartuccia GI, Ling R, Xue C, Karikari RA, Hernandez-Ono A, Hu KY, Matias CV, Imam R, Cui J, Pellegata NS, Herzig S, Georgiadi A, Soni RK, Bauer RC. Adipocyte-specific tribbles pseudokinase 1 regulates plasma adiponectin and plasma lipids in mice. Mol Metab 2021; 56:101412. [PMID: 34890852 PMCID: PMC8749272 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multiple genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified SNPs in the 8q24 locus near TRIB1 that are significantly associated with plasma lipids and other markers of cardiometabolic health, and prior studies have revealed the roles of hepatic and myeloid Trib1 in plasma lipid regulation and atherosclerosis. The same 8q24 SNPs are additionally associated with plasma adiponectin levels in humans, implicating TRIB1 in adipocyte biology. Here, we hypothesize that TRIB1 in adipose tissue regulates plasma adiponectin, lipids, and metabolic health. METHODS We investigate the metabolic phenotype of adipocyte-specific Trib1 knockout mice (Trib1_ASKO) fed on chow and high-fat diet (HFD). Through secretomics of adipose tissue explants and RNA-seq of adipocytes and livers from these mice, we further investigate the mechanism of TRIB1 in adipose tissue. RESULTS Trib1_ASKO mice have an improved metabolic phenotype with increased plasma adiponectin levels, improved glucose tolerance, and decreased plasma lipids. Trib1_ASKO adipocytes have increased adiponectin production and secretion independent of the known TRIB1 function of regulating proteasomal degradation. RNA-seq analysis of adipocytes and livers from Trib1_ASKO mice indicates that alterations in adipocyte function underlie the observed plasma lipid changes. Adipose tissue explant secretomics further reveals that Trib1_ASKO adipose tissue has decreased ANGPTL4 production, and we demonstrate an accompanying increase in the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity that likely underlies the triglyceride phenotype. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that adipocyte Trib1 regulates multiple aspects of metabolic health, confirming previously observed genetic associations in humans and shedding light on the further mechanisms by which TRIB1 regulates plasma lipids and metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E Ha
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gabriella I Quartuccia
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ruifeng Ling
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chenyi Xue
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rhoda A Karikari
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Centre, Munich, Germany
| | - Antonio Hernandez-Ono
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Krista Y Hu
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Caio V Matias
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rami Imam
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jian Cui
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Stephan Herzig
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Centre, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Rajesh K Soni
- Proteomics and Macromolecular Crystallography Shared Resource, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert C Bauer
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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16
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Barge S, Deka B, Kashyap B, Bharadwaj S, Kandimalla R, Ghosh A, Dutta PP, Samanta SK, Manna P, Borah JC, Talukdar NC. Astragalin mediates the pharmacological effects of Lysimachia candida Lindl on adipogenesis via downregulating PPARG and FKBP51 signaling cascade. Phytother Res 2021; 35:6990-7003. [PMID: 34734439 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic disturbances in different tissue cells and obesity are caused by excessive calorie intake, and medicinal plants are potential sources of phytochemicals for combating these health problems. This study investigated the role of methanolic extract of the folklore medicinal plant Lysimachia candida (LCM) and its phytochemical, astragalin, in managing obesity in vivo and in vitro. Administration of LCM (200 mg/kg/body weight) daily for 140 days significantly decreased both the body weight gain (15.66%) and blood triglyceride and free fatty acid levels in high-fat-diet-fed male Wistar rats but caused no substantial change in leptin and adiponectin levels. The protein expression of adipogenic transcription factors in visceral adipose tissue was significantly reduced. Further, the 3T3-L1 cell-based assay revealed that the butanol fraction of LCM and its isolated compound, astragalin, exhibited antiadipogenic activity through downregulating adipogenic transcription factors and regulatory proteins. Molecular docking studies were performed to depict the possible binding patterns of astragalin to adipogenesis proteins. Overall, we show the potential antiobesity effects of L. candida and its bioactive compound, astragalin, and suggest clinical studies with LCM and astragalin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Barge
- Biochemistry and Drug Discovery Lab, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, India
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Cotton University, Guwahati, India
| | - Barsha Deka
- Biochemistry and Drug Discovery Lab, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, India
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Cotton University, Guwahati, India
| | - Bhaswati Kashyap
- Biochemistry and Drug Discovery Lab, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, India
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Cotton University, Guwahati, India
| | - Simanta Bharadwaj
- Biochemistry and Drug Discovery Lab, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, India
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Cotton University, Guwahati, India
| | - Raghuram Kandimalla
- Biochemistry and Drug Discovery Lab, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, India
- Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Aparajita Ghosh
- Biochemistry and Drug Discovery Lab, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, India
| | - Partha Pratim Dutta
- Biochemistry and Drug Discovery Lab, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, India
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical science, Assam Down Town University, Guwahati, India
| | - Suman Kumar Samanta
- Biochemistry and Drug Discovery Lab, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, India
| | - Prasenjit Manna
- Biochemistry and Drug Discovery Lab, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, India
- Biological Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, India
| | - Jagat C Borah
- Biochemistry and Drug Discovery Lab, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, India
| | - Narayan Chandra Talukdar
- Biochemistry and Drug Discovery Lab, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, India
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical science, Assam Down Town University, Guwahati, India
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17
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MicroRNA-126b-5p Exacerbates Development of Adipose Tissue and Diet-Induced Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910261. [PMID: 34638602 PMCID: PMC8508536 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become a worldwide epidemic, caused by many factors such as genetic regulatory elements, unhealthy diet, and lack of exercise. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding single-stranded RNA classes, which are about 22 nucleotides in length and highly conserved among species. In the last decade, a series of miRNAs were identified as therapeutic targets for obesity. In the present study, we found that miR-126b-5p was associated with adipogenesis. miR-126b-5p overexpression promoted the proliferation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes by upregulating the expression of proliferation-related genes and downregulating the expression of apoptosis-related genes; the inhibition of miR-126b-5p gave rise to opposite results. Similarly, miR-126b-5p overexpression could promote the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes by increasing the expression of lipid deposition genes and triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels. Moreover, luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that adiponectin receptor 2 (Adipor2) and acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, long chain (ACADL) were the direct target genes of miR-126b-5p. Moreover, overexpression of miR-126b-5p could exacerbate the clinical symptoms of obesity when mice were induced by a high-fat diet, including increased adipose tissue weight, adipocyte volume, and insulin resistance. Interestingly, overexpression of miR-126b-5p in preadipocytes and mice could significantly increase total fatty acid content and change the fatty acid composition of adipose tissue. Taken together, the present study showed that miR-126b-5p promotes lipid deposition in vivo and in vitro, indicating that miR-126b-5p is a potential target for treating obesity.
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18
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Taghizad F, Kazerani HR, Dehghani H, Asoodeh A, Yaghubi D. A novel approach towards obesity: The use of a bacterial product, gassericin A, in 3T3-L1 cells. Obes Res Clin Pract 2021; 15:499-505. [PMID: 34474970 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The problem of obesity and its related complications are adversely affecting human society. We studied the effects of gassericin A, a bacteriocin produced by the intestinal bacteria, on adipocyte differentiation and development. DESIGN Gassericin A was purified from Lactobacillus gasseri LA39 and was added to the culture medium of 3T3-L1 cells in two phases: Phase 1, 3T3-L1 cells were incubated with gassericin A while being induced to adipocytes (days 1-7); phase 2, the cells were incubated with the bacteriocin after being induced to adipocytes (days 8-12). The resultant changes in the pattern of expression of some of the important genes involved in adipogenesis were evaluated by RT-qPCR. The viability of cells and their numbers were also studied. RESULTS In phase 1 of the study, the levels of transcripts for stearoyl CoA desaturase (SCD-1), zinc finger protein 423 (zfp-423), and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) genes were significantly reduced, while that of 422ap2 gene showed a significant increment (p < 0.05). In phase 2, the zfp-423 gene showed a reduction of expression and the 422ap2 gene showed an increase in expression (p < 0.05). The other genes including UCP-1 and TNF-α did not show any significant changes in neither of the groups. Gassericin A did not affect the morphology or viability of the cells, however, the numbers of cells had nearly doubled in the treatment groups. CONCLUSION It seems that gassericin A could significantly alter the properties of adipocytes while they are in the process of development and after they have developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereidoun Taghizad
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Kazerani
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Hesam Dehghani
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Research Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Asoodeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Danial Yaghubi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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19
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Bharadwaja S, Issac PK, Cleta J, Jeganaathan R, Chandrakumar SS, Sundaresan S. Correction to: An in vitro mechanistic approach towards understanding the distinct pathways regulating insulin resistance and adipogenesis by apocynin. J Biosci 2021. [PMID: 34148872 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-020-00134-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the 2021 issue of the Journal of Biosciences in the article titled ''An in vitro mechanistic approach towards understanding the distinct pathways regulating insulin resistance and adipogenesis by apocynin'' by Sai Bharadwaja, Praveen Kumar Issac, Jocelyn Cleta, Rakesh Jeganathan, Sri Snehaa Chandrakumar and Sujatha Sundaresan (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12038-020-00134-2; Vol. 46, Article No. 008), the author Rakesh Jeganaathan's name was incorrectly mentioned as ''Rakesh Jeganathan''. The correct name should read as ''Rakesh Jeganaathan''.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Bharadwaja
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Kancheepuram District, Tamil Nadu 603 203, India
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20
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Dufau J, Shen JX, Couchet M, De Castro Barbosa T, Mejhert N, Massier L, Griseti E, Mouisel E, Amri EZ, Lauschke VM, Rydén M, Langin D. In vitro and ex vivo models of adipocytes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 320:C822-C841. [PMID: 33439778 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00519.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adipocytes are specialized cells with pleiotropic roles in physiology and pathology. Several types of fat cells with distinct metabolic properties coexist in various anatomically defined fat depots in mammals. White, beige, and brown adipocytes differ in their handling of lipids and thermogenic capacity, promoting differences in size and morphology. Moreover, adipocytes release lipids and proteins with paracrine and endocrine functions. The intrinsic properties of adipocytes pose specific challenges in culture. Mature adipocytes float in suspension culture due to high triacylglycerol content and are fragile. Moreover, a fully differentiated state, notably acquirement of the unilocular lipid droplet of white adipocyte, has so far not been reached in two-dimensional culture. Cultures of mouse and human-differentiated preadipocyte cell lines and primary cells have been established to mimic white, beige, and brown adipocytes. Here, we survey various models of differentiated preadipocyte cells and primary mature adipocyte survival describing main characteristics, culture conditions, advantages, and limitations. An important development is the advent of three-dimensional culture, notably of adipose spheroids that recapitulate in vivo adipocyte function and morphology in fat depots. Challenges for the future include isolation and culture of adipose-derived stem cells from different anatomic location in animal models and humans differing in sex, age, fat mass, and pathophysiological conditions. Further understanding of fat cell physiology and dysfunction will be achieved through genetic manipulation, notably CRISPR-mediated gene editing. Capturing adipocyte heterogeneity at the single-cell level within a single fat depot will be key to understanding diversities in cardiometabolic parameters among lean and obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Dufau
- Inserm, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), UMR1297, Toulouse, France.,Faculté de Médecine, I2MC, UMR1297, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Joanne X Shen
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Morgane Couchet
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine (H7), Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Niklas Mejhert
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine (H7), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lucas Massier
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine (H7), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elena Griseti
- Inserm, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), UMR1297, Toulouse, France.,Faculté de Médecine, I2MC, UMR1297, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Etienne Mouisel
- Inserm, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), UMR1297, Toulouse, France.,Faculté de Médecine, I2MC, UMR1297, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Volker M Lauschke
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine (H7), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dominique Langin
- Inserm, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), UMR1297, Toulouse, France.,Faculté de Médecine, I2MC, UMR1297, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,Toulouse University Hospitals, Department of Biochemistry, Toulouse, France
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21
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Furuhata R, Kabe Y, Kanai A, Sugiura Y, Tsugawa H, Sugiyama E, Hirai M, Yamamoto T, Koike I, Yoshikawa N, Tanaka H, Koseki M, Nakae J, Matsumoto M, Nakamura M, Suematsu M. Progesterone receptor membrane associated component 1 enhances obesity progression in mice by facilitating lipid accumulation in adipocytes. Commun Biol 2020; 3:479. [PMID: 32887925 PMCID: PMC7473863 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01202-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Progesterone receptor membrane associated component 1 (PGRMC1) exhibits haem-dependent dimerization on cell membrane and binds to EGF receptor and cytochromes P450 to regulate cancer proliferation and chemoresistance. However, its physiological functions remain unknown. Herein, we demonstrate that PGRMC1 is required for adipogenesis, and its expression is significantly enhanced by insulin or thiazolidine, an agonist for PPARγ. The haem-dimerized PGRMC1 interacts with low-density lipoprotein receptors (VLDL-R and LDL-R) or GLUT4 to regulate their translocation to the plasma membrane, facilitating lipid uptake and accumulation, and de-novo fatty acid synthesis in adipocytes. These events are cancelled by CO through interfering with PGRMC1 dimerization. PGRMC1 expression in mouse adipose tissues is enhanced during obesity induced by a high fat diet. Furthermore, adipose tissue-specific PGRMC1 knockout in mice dramatically suppressed high-fat-diet induced adipocyte hypertrophy. Our results indicate a pivotal role of PGRMC1 in developing obesity through its metabolic regulation of lipids and carbohydrates in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryogo Furuhata
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic[s] Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Kabe
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Ayaka Kanai
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yuki Sugiura
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tsugawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Eiji Sugiyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Miwa Hirai
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takehiro Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Ikko Koike
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Noritada Yoshikawa
- Department of Rheumatology and Allergy, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Tanaka
- Department of Rheumatology and Allergy, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Koseki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jun Nakae
- Department of Physiology, International University of Health and Welfare School of Medicine, Narita, 286-8686, Japan
| | - Morio Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic[s] Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic[s] Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Makoto Suematsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
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22
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Sharath SS, Ramu J, Nair SV, Iyer S, Mony U, Rangasamy J. Human Adipose Tissue Derivatives as a Potent Native Biomaterial for Tissue Regenerative Therapies. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 17:123-140. [PMID: 31953618 PMCID: PMC7105544 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-019-00230-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human adipose tissue is a great source of translatable biomaterials owing to its ease of availability and simple processing. Reusing discardable adipose tissue for tissue regeneration helps in mimicking the exact native microenvironment of tissue. Over the past 10 years, extraction, processing, tuning and fabrication of adipose tissue have grabbed the attention owing to their native therapeutic and regenerative potential. The present work gives the overview of next generation biomaterials derived from human adipose tissue and their development with clinical relevance. METHODS Around 300 articles have been reviewed to widen the knowledge on the isolation, characterization techniques and medical applications of human adipose tissue and its derivatives from bench to bedside. The prospective applications of adipose tissue derivatives like autologous fat graft, stromal vascular fraction, stem cells, preadipocyte, adipokines and extracellular matrix, their behavioural mechanism, rational property of providing native bioenvironment, circumventing their translational abilities, recent advances in featuring them clinically have been reviewed extensively to reveal the dormant side of human adipose tissue. RESULTS Basic understanding about the molecular and structural aspect of human adipose tissue is necessary to employ it constructively. This review has nailed the productive usage of human adipose tissue, in a stepwise manner from exploring the methods of extracting derivatives, concerns during processing and its formulations to turning them into functional biomaterials. Their performance as functional biomaterials for skin regeneration, wound healing, soft tissue defects, stem cell and other regenerative therapies under in vitro and in vivo conditions emphasizes the translational efficiency of adipose tissue derivatives. CONCLUSION In the recent years, research interest has inclination towards constructive tissue engineering and regenerative therapies. Unravelling the maximum utilization of human adipose tissue derivatives paves a way for improving existing tissue regeneration and cellular based therapies and other biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Sankari Sharath
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, India
| | - Janarthanan Ramu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, India
| | - Shantikumar Vasudevan Nair
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, India
| | - Subramaniya Iyer
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, India
| | - Ullas Mony
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, India.
| | - Jayakumar Rangasamy
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, India.
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23
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Induction of DEAD Box helicase 5 in early adipogenesis is regulated by Ten-eleven translocation 2. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158684. [PMID: 32169654 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Dead box helicase 5 (DDX5) is an RNA helicase that is has cellular function on RNA splicing and transcriptional regulation. It has been reported to be involved in cell differentiation including adipogenesis. However, it is not clear how DDX5 is regulated during adipogenesis. Our previous report demonstrated that the Ten-eleven translocation methyl-cytosine dioxygenase 2 (TET2) is required for adipogenesis. This study was aimed to investigate DDX5 as a direct target of TET2 upon adipogenic induction of 3T3-L1 preadipocyte. Microarray-based screening of differentially expressed genes upon TET2 knockdown identified genes involved in cell cycle, DNA replication, and ribosome biology as major targets of TET2 in the initial step of adipogenic induction. The Ddx5 gene was identified and validated as the target. TET2-mediated epigenetic regulation of the Ddx5 gene was measured by two independent methods including immunoprecipitation against 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and 5-methylcytosine (5mC) as well as EpiMark 5hmC and 5mC analysis. Ddx5 expression was downregulated upon TET2 knockdown, coincided with a significant decrease of 5hmC at the Ddx5 locus. DDX5 knockdown significantly suppressed adipogenesis, while DDX5 overexpression promoted it. Importantly, DDX5 overexpression, when co-transfected, rescued the process of adipogenesis, which was hindered by TET2 siRNA treatment. The findings suggest TET2-mediated regulation of the Ddx5 gene is required for an initial step of adipogenesis.
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24
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Song Y, Liu Y, Pan S, Xie S, Wang ZW, Zhu X. Role of the COP1 protein in cancer development and therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 67:43-52. [PMID: 32027978 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
COP1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, has been demonstrated to play a vital role in the regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis and DNA repair. Accumulated evidence has revealed that COP1 is involved in carcinogenesis via targeting its substrates, including p53, c-Jun, ETS, β-catenin, STAT3, MTA1, p27, 14-3-3σ, and C/EBPα, for ubiquitination and degradation. COP1 can play tumor suppressive and oncogenic roles in human malignancies, urging us to summarize the functions of COP1 in tumorigenesis. In this review, we describe the structure of COP1 and its known substrates. Moreover, we dissect the function of COP1 by physiological (mouse models), pathological (human tumor specimens) and biochemical (ubiquitin substrates) Evidence. Furthermore, we discuss COP1 as a potential therapeutic target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizuo Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuya Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shangdan Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Wang
- Center of Scientific Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China; Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Xueqiong Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.
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25
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Moseti D, Regassa A, Chen C, O K, Kim WK. 25-Hydroxycholesterol Inhibits Adipogenic Differentiation of C3H10T1/2 Pluripotent Stromal Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020412. [PMID: 31936485 PMCID: PMC7013583 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding of adipogenesis is important to find remedies for obesity and related disorders. In addition, it is also critical in bone disorders because there is a reciprocal relationship between adipogenesis and osteogenesis in bone micro-environment. Oxysterols are pro-osteogenic and anti-adipogenic molecules via hedgehog activation in pluripotent bone marrow stomal cells. However, no study has evaluated the role of specific oxysterols in C3H10T1/2 cells, which are a good cell model for studying osteogenesis and adipogenesis in bone-marrows. Thus, we investigated the effects of specific oxysterols on adipogenesis and expression of adipogenic transcripts in C3H10T1/2 cells. Treatment of cells with DMITro significantly induced mRNA expression of Pparγ. This induction was significantly inhibited by 25-HC. The expression of C/cepα, Fabp4 and Lpl was also inhibited by 25-HC. To determine the mechanism by which 25-HC inhibits adipogenesis, the effects of the hedgehog signalling pathway inhibitor, cyclopamine and CUR61414, were evaluated. Treatment of C3H10T1/2 cells with DMITro + cyclopamine or DMITro + CUR61414 for 96h did not modulate adipocyte differentiation; cyclopamine and CUR61414 did not reverse the inhibitory effects of 25-HC, suggesting that the canonical hedgehog signalling may not play a role in the anti-adipogenic effects of 25-HC in C3H10T1/2 cells. In addition, LXR agonist did not inhibit adipogenesis, but 25-HC strongly inhibits adipogenesis of C3H10T1/2 cells. Our observations showed that 25-HC was the most potent oxysterol in inhibiting adipogenesis and the expression of key adipogenic transcripts in C3H10T1/2 cells among the tested oxysterols, suggesting its potential application in providing an intervention in osteoporosis and obesity. We also report that the inhibitory effects of 25-HC on adipogenic differentiation in C3H10T1/2 cells are not mediated by hedgehog signaling and LXR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy Moseti
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, 201 Animal Science building, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada (A.R.)
| | - Alemu Regassa
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, 201 Animal Science building, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada (A.R.)
| | - Chongxiao Chen
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, 303 Poultry Science building, Athens, GA 30602-2772, USA;
| | - Karmin O
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, 201 Animal Science building, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada (A.R.)
| | - Woo Kyun Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, 303 Poultry Science building, Athens, GA 30602-2772, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +1-706-248-9584
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26
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Liu X, Long X, Gao Y, Liu W, Hayashi T, Mizuno K, Hattori S, Fujisaki H, Ogura T, Onodera S, Wang DO, Ikejima T. Type I collagen inhibits adipogenic differentiation via YAP activation in vitro. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:1821-1837. [PMID: 31432516 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) has a marked influence on adipose tissue development. Adipose tissue formation is initiated with proliferation of preadipocytes and migration before undergoing further differentiation into mature adipocytes. Previous studies showed that collagen I (col I) provides a good substratum for 3T3-L1 preadipocytes to grow and migrate. However, it remains unclear whether and how col I regulates adipogenic differentiation of preadipocytes. This study reports that lipid accumulation, representing in vitro adipogenesis of the 3T3-L1 preadipocytes or the mouse primary adipocyte precursor cells derived from subcutaneous adipose tissue in the inguinal region is inhibited by the culture on col I, owing to downregulation of adipogenic factors. Previous study shows that col I enhances 3T3-L1 cell migration via stimulating the nuclear translocation of yes-associated protein (YAP). In this study, we report that downregulation of YAP is associated with in vitro adipogenesis of preadipocytes as well as with in vivo adipose tissue of high-fat diet fed mice. Increased expression of YAP in the cells cultured on col I-coated dishes is correlated with repression of adipogenic differentiation processes. The inactivation of YAP using YAP inhibitor, verteporfin, or YAP small-interfering RNA enhanced adipogenic differentiation and reversed the inhibitory effect of col I. Activation of YAP either by the transfection of YAP plasmid or the silence of large tumor suppressor 1 (LATS1), an inhibitory kinase of YAP, inhibited adipogenic differentiation. The results indicate that col I inhibits adipogenic differentiation via YAP activation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Liu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinyu Long
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanfang Gao
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Toshihiko Hayashi
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Chemistry and Life Science, School of Advan ced Engineering, Kogakuin University, Nakanomachi, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Satoshi Onodera
- Medical Research Institute of Curing Mibyo, Narusedai, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Dan Ohtan Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Takashi Ikejima
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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27
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Abstract
Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs), a family of lipid chaperones, contribute to systemic metabolic regulation via several lipid signaling pathways. Fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), known as adipocyte FABP (A-FABP) or aP2, is mainly expressed in adipocytes and macrophages and plays important roles in the development of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis in relation to metabolically driven low-grade and chronic inflammation, referred to as ‘metaflammation’. FABP4 is secreted from adipocytes in a non-classical pathway associated with lipolysis and acts as an adipokine for the development of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. Circulating FABP4 levels are associated with several aspects of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Ectopic expression and function of FABP4 in cells and tissues are also related to the pathogenesis of several diseases. Pharmacological modification of FABP4 function by specific inhibitors, neutralizing antibodies or antagonists of unidentified receptors would be novel therapeutic strategies for several diseases, including obesity, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Significant roles of FABP4 as a lipid chaperone in physiological and pathophysiological conditions and the possibility of FABP4 being a therapeutic target for metabolic and cardiovascular diseases are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Furuhashi
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
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28
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Yin J, Seo CS, Hwang IH, Lee MW, Song KH. Anti-Obesity Activities of Chikusetsusaponin IVa and Dolichos lablab L. Seeds. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091221. [PMID: 30177649 PMCID: PMC6164478 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a condition where excess body fat accumulates to the extent, causes a negative effect on health. Previously, we reported the extract of Dolichos lablab L. (DLL-Ex) inhibited high-fat diet (HFD)-induced increases in body weight and body fat mass and ameliorated increases in body weight. In the present work, we studyed the molecular mechanism for the inhibitory effect of DLL-Ex or Chikusetsusaponin IVa (CS-IVa), as isolated from Dolichos lablab L. (DLL) seeds extract, on adipocyte differentiation. We evaluated the effect of DLL-Ex, an anti-obesity agent, and CS-IVa, an active component of DLL-Ex, on 3T3-L1 cell differentiation via Oil red O assay and Q-PCR, along with their effects on CCAAT element binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) mRNA transcriptions. FAS and FABP4 protein expression levels after exposure to CS-IVa were also tested. The results showed that DLL-Ex and CS-IVa have potent inhibitory activity on adipocyte differentiation. Therefore, DLL and CS-IVa may be developed as a functional food material to treat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yin
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Product-based Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
| | - Chang-Seob Seo
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
| | - In Hyeok Hwang
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Product-based Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
| | - Min Won Lee
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Product-based Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
| | - Kwang Hoon Song
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
- Korean Medicine Life Science, University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-333, Korea.
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29
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Li D, Liu Q, Sun W, Chen X, Wang Y, Sun Y, Lin L. 1,3,6,7-Tetrahydroxy-8-prenylxanthone ameliorates inflammatory responses resulting from the paracrine interaction of adipocytes and macrophages. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:1590-1606. [PMID: 29446826 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Chronic inflammation in adipose tissue is critical in the onset and development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue and pro-inflammatory polarization play key roles in adipose tissue inflammation. The fruit hull of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) is used in traditional medicine to treat various inflammatory diseases. However, its role in regulating adipose tissue inflammation is unexplored. This study was designed to identify xanthones from G. mangostana, which could ameliorate adipose tissue inflammation. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Expressions of inducible NOS, cytokines, chemokines and components of the NF-κB and MAPKs pathways were evaluated using Western blotting, immunofluorescence, quantitative real-time PCR or ELISA. The migration of macrophages towards adipocytes was tested using Transwell experiments in vitro. A murine model of LPS-induced acute inflammation was used to examine effects of 1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxy-8-prenylxanthone (TPX) on inflammatory responses in adipose tissue in vivo. KEY RESULTS From a series of xanthones isolated from G. mangostana, TPX was identified as a potent inhibitor of LPS-induced NO production and IL-6 secretion in RAW264.7 macrophages. TPX ameliorated LPS-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 macrophages, and TNF-α-mediated inflammation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, through inhibiting MAPKs and NF-κB activation and promoting sirtuin 3 expression. TPX also blocked RAW264.7 macrophages migration towards 3T3-L1 adipocytes in co-cultures. Furthermore, TPX alleviated LPS-induced adipose tissue inflammation in vivo by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines and preventing the pro-inflammatory polarization of macrophages. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Taken together, our results indicate that TPX disrupts the inflammatory responses between macrophages and adipocytes, and attenuates adipose tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Qianyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Wen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Xiuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Yuxiang Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Ligen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
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30
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Park YK, Obiang-Obounou BW, Lee KB, Choi JS, Jang BC. AZD1208, a pan-Pim kinase inhibitor, inhibits adipogenesis and induces lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:2488-2497. [PMID: 29441719 PMCID: PMC5867077 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The proviral integration moloney murine leukaemia virus (Pim) kinases, consisting of Pim-1, Pim-2 and Pim-3, are involved in the control of cell growth, metabolism and differentiation. Pim kinases are emerging as important mediators of adipocyte differentiation. AZD1208 is a pan-Pim kinase inhibitor and is known for its anti-cancer activity. In this study, we investigated the effect of AZD1208 on adipogenesis and lipolysis in 3T3-L1 cells, a murine preadipocyte cell line. AZD1208 markedly suppressed lipid accumulation and reduced triglyceride contents in differentiating 3T3-L1 cells, suggesting the drug's anti-adipogenic effect. On mechanistic levels, AZD1208 reduced not only the expressions of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBP-α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and perilipin A but also the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT-3) in differentiating 3T3-L1 cells. Remarkably, AZD1208 increased cAMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and LKB-1 phosphorylation while decreased intracellular ATP contents in differentiating 3T3-L1 cells. Furthermore, in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes, AZD1208 also partially promoted lipolysis and enhanced the phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), a key lipolytic enzyme, indicating the drug's HSL-dependent lipolysis. In summary, the findings show that AZD1208 has anti-adipogenic and lipolytic effects on 3T3-L1 adipocytes. These effects are mediated by the expression and/or phosphorylation levels of C/EBP-α, PPAR-γ, FAS, ACC, perilipin A, STAT-3, AMPK and HSL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Kyoung Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
| | | | - Kyung-Bok Lee
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jong-Soon Choi
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Korea.,Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Byeong-Churl Jang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
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31
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Lin DPL, Dass CR. Transdifferentiation of adipocytes to osteoblasts: potential for orthopaedic treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 70:307-319. [PMID: 29365349 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES As both adipocytes and osteoblasts originate from the same pool of mesenchymal stem cells, increasing clinical evidence has emerged of the plasticity between the two lineages. For instance, the downregulation of osteoblast differentiation and upregulation of adipogenesis are common features of conditions such as multiple myeloma, obesity and drug-induced bone loss in diabetes mellitus. However, despite in-vitro and in-vivo observations of adipocyte transdifferentiation into osteoblasts, little is known of the underlying mechanisms. KEY FINDINGS This review summarises the current knowledge of this particular transdifferentiation process whereby the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway and Runx2 overexpression have been postulated to play a critical role. SUMMARY Furthermore, due to the possibility of a novel therapy in the treatment of bone conditions, a number of agents with the potential to induce adipo-to-osteoblast transdifferentiation have been investigated such as all-trans retinoic acid, bone morphogenetic protein-9 and vascular endothelial growth factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne P L Lin
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA, Australia.,Curtin Biosciences Research Precinct, Bentley, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Crispin R Dass
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA, Australia.,Curtin Biosciences Research Precinct, Bentley, Perth, WA, Australia
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32
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Lee YS, Kim JY, Oh KS, Chung SW. Fatty acid-binding protein 4 regulates fatty infiltration after rotator cuff tear by hypoxia-inducible factor 1 in mice. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2017; 8:839-850. [PMID: 28382782 PMCID: PMC5659062 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatty infiltration in skeletal muscle is directly linked to loss of muscle strength and is associated with various adverse physical outcomes such as muscle atrophy, inflammation, insulin resistance, mobility impairments, and even mortality in the elderly. Aging, mechanical unloading, muscle injury, and hormonal imbalance are main causes of muscle fat accumulation, and the fat cells are derived from muscle stem cells via adipogenic differentiation. However, the pathogenesis and molecular mechanisms of fatty infiltration in muscles are still not fully defined. Fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) is a carrier protein for fatty acids and is involved in fatty acid uptake, transport, and lipid metabolism. Rotator cuff tear (RCT) usually occurs in the elderly and is closely related with fatty infiltration in injured muscle. To investigate potential mechanisms for fatty infiltration other than adipogenic differentiation of muscle stem cells, we examined the role of FABP4 in muscle fatty infiltration in an RCT mouse model. METHODS In the RCT model, we evaluated the expression of FABP4 by qRT-PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemical analyses. Histological changes such as inflammation and fat accumulation in the injured muscles were examined immunohistochemically. To evaluate whether hypoxia induces FABP4 expression, the levels of FABP4 mRNA and protein in C3H10T1/2 cells after hypoxia were examined. Using a transient transfection assay in 293T cells, we assessed the promoter activity of FABP4 by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). Additionally, we evaluated the reduction in FABP4 expression and fat accumulation using specific inhibitors for HIF1 and FABP4, respectively. RESULTS FABP4 expression was significantly increased after RCT in mice, and its expression was localized in the intramuscular fatty region. Rotator cuff tear-induced FABP4 expression was up-regulated by hypoxia. HIF1α, which is activated by hypoxia, augmented the promoter activity of FABP4, together with HIF1β. Hypoxia-induced FABP4 expression was significantly decreased by HIF1 inhibitor treatment. Furthermore, in RCT model mice, fat accumulation was remarkably reduced by FABP4 inhibitor treatment. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that RCT induces FABP4 expression, leading to fat accumulation in injured muscle. FABP4 transcription is regulated by the direct binding of HIF1 to the FABP4 promoter in the hypoxic condition induced by RCT. Fat accumulation in injured muscle was reduced by the inhibition of FABP4. Ultimately, in the RCT model, we identified a novel mechanism for fatty infiltration by FABP4, which differs from adipogenic differentiation of muscle stem cells, and we found that fatty infiltration might be regulated by inhibition of HIF1 or FABP4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Soo Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ja-Yeon Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Soo Oh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok Won Chung
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Korea
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33
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Park YK, Obiang-Obounou BW, Lee J, Lee TY, Bae MA, Hwang KS, Lee KB, Choi JS, Jang BC. Anti-Adipogenic Effects on 3T3-L1 Cells and Zebrafish by Tanshinone IIA. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102065. [PMID: 28953247 PMCID: PMC5666747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tanshinone IIA is a diterpene quinone isolated from the roots of Salviamiltiorrhiza bunge that has traditionally been used in China for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disorders. Although there is recent evidence showing that tanshinone IIA has an anti-obesity effect, its underlying mechanism of anti-obesity effect is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effect of tanshinone IIA on lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and zebrafish. Notably, tanshinone IIA at 10 μM concentration greatly reduced lipid accumulation and triglyceride (TG) contents during 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation, suggesting its anti-adipogenic effect. On mechanistic levels, tanshinone IIA reduced the expression levels of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBP-α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and perilipin A but also the phosphorylation levels of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3/5 (STAT-3/5) in differentiating 3T3-L1 cells. In addition, tanshinone IIA strongly inhibited leptin and resistin mRNA expression in differentiating 3T3-L1 cells. Importantly, the tanshinone IIA's lipid-reducing effect was also seen in zebrafish. In sum, these findings demonstrate that tanshinone IIA has anti-adipogenic effects on 3T3-L1 cells and zebrafish, and its anti-adipogenic effect on 3T3-L1 cells is largely attributable to the reduced expression and/or phosphorylation levels of C/EBP-α, PPAR-γ, FAS, perilipin A, and STAT-3/5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Kyoung Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Korea.
| | - Brice Wilfried Obiang-Obounou
- Department of Food Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Korea.
| | - Jinho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Korea.
| | - Tae-Yun Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 170 Hyeonchung-ro, Nam-gu, Daegu 42415, Korea.
| | - Myung-Ae Bae
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea.
| | - Kyu-Seok Hwang
- Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea.
| | - Kyung-Bok Lee
- Biological Disaster Analysis Group, Division of Convergence Biotechnology, Korea Basic Science Institute, 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Korea.
| | - Jong-Soon Choi
- Biological Disaster Analysis Group, Division of Convergence Biotechnology, Korea Basic Science Institute, 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Korea.
| | - Byeong-Churl Jang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Korea.
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Wang LF, Miao LJ, Wang XN, Huang CC, Qian YS, Huang X, Wang XL, Jin WZ, Ji GJ, Fu M, Deng KY, Xin HB. CD38 deficiency suppresses adipogenesis and lipogenesis in adipose tissues through activating Sirt1/PPARγ signaling pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 22:101-110. [PMID: 28816006 PMCID: PMC5742727 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been recently reported that CD38 was highly expressed in adipose tissues from obese people and CD38-deficient mice were resistant to high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. However, the role of CD38 in the regulation of adipogenesis and lipogenesis is unknown. In this study, to explore the roles of CD38 in adipogenesis and lipogenesis in vivo and in vitro, obesity models were generated with male CD38-/- and WT mice fed with HFD. The adipocyte differentiations were induced with MEFs from WT and CD38-/- mice, 3T3-L1 and C3H10T1/2 cells in vitro. The lipid accumulations and the alternations of CD38 and the genes involved in adipogenesis and lipogenesis were determined with the adipose tissues from the HFD-fed mice or the MEFs, 3T3-L1 and C3H10T1/2 cells during induction of adipocyte differentiation. The results showed that CD38-/- male mice were significantly resistant to HFD-induced obesity. CD38 expressions in adipocytes were significantly increased in WT mice fed with HFD, and the similar results were obtained from WT MEFs, 3T3-L1 and C3H10T1/2 during induction of adipocyte differentiation. The expressions of PPARγ, AP2 and C/EBPα were markedly attenuated in adipocytes from HFD-fed CD38-/- mice and CD38-/- MEFs at late stage of adipocyte differentiation. Moreover, the expressions of SREBP1 and FASN were also significantly decreased in CD38-/- MEFs. Finally, the CD38 deficiency-mediated activations of Sirt1 signalling were up-regulated or down-regulated by resveratrol and nicotinamide, respectively. These results suggest that CD38 deficiency impairs adipogenesis and lipogenesis through activating Sirt1/PPARγ-FASN signalling pathway during the development of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Fang Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lian-Jie Miao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiao-Nv Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Cong-Cong Huang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yi-Song Qian
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xuan Huang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wan-Zhu Jin
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Ju Ji
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingui Fu
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Shock/Trauma Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Ke-Yu Deng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hong-Bo Xin
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Rodríguez-Calvo R, Girona J, Alegret JM, Bosquet A, Ibarretxe D, Masana L. Role of the fatty acid-binding protein 4 in heart failure and cardiovascular disease. J Endocrinol 2017; 233:R173-R184. [PMID: 28420707 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and ectopic fat accumulation in non-adipose tissues are major contributors to heart failure (HF) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Adipocytes act as endocrine organs by releasing a large number of bioactive molecules into the bloodstream, which participate in a communication network between white adipose tissue and other organs, including the heart. Among these molecules, fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) has recently been shown to increase cardiometabolic risk. Both clinical and experimental evidence have identified FABP4 as a relevant player in atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease, and it has been directly related to cardiac alterations such as left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and both systolic and diastolic cardiac dysfunction. The available interventional studies preclude the establishment of a direct causal role of this molecule in CVD and HF and propose FABP4 as a biomarker rather than as an aetiological factor. However, several experimental reports have suggested that FABP4 may act as a direct contributor to cardiac metabolism and physiopathology, and the pharmacological targeting of FABP4 may restore some of the metabolic alterations that are conducive to CVD and HF. Here, we review the current knowledge regarding FABP4 in the context of HF and CVD as well as the molecular basis by which this protein participates in the regulation of cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Rodríguez-Calvo
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism UnitResearch Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, 'Sant Joan' University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Institut de Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Reus, Spain
| | - Josefa Girona
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism UnitResearch Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, 'Sant Joan' University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Institut de Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Reus, Spain
| | - Josep M Alegret
- Department of CardiologyCardiovascular Research Group, 'Sant Joan' University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Institut de Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
| | - Alba Bosquet
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism UnitResearch Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, 'Sant Joan' University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Institut de Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Reus, Spain
| | - Daiana Ibarretxe
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism UnitResearch Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, 'Sant Joan' University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Institut de Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Reus, Spain
| | - Lluís Masana
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism UnitResearch Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, 'Sant Joan' University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Institut de Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Reus, Spain
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Coffee extract inhibits adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocyes by interrupting insulin signaling through the downregulation of IRS1. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173264. [PMID: 28282409 PMCID: PMC5345824 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although epidemiological data have indicated that a strong negative association exists between coffee consumption and the prevalence of obesity-associated diseases, the molecular mechanisms by which coffee intake prevents obesity-associated diseases has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we found that coffee intake significantly suppressed high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic alternations such as increases in body weight and the accumulation of adipose tissue, and up-regulation of glucose, free fatty acid, total cholesterol and insulin levels in the blood. We also found that coffee extract significantly inhibited adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. In the early phase of adipogenesis, 3T3-L1 cells treated with coffee extract displayed the retardation of cell cycle entry into the G2/M phase called as mitotic clonal expansion (MCE). Coffee extract also inhibited the activation of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ) by preventing its phosphorylation by ERK. Furthermore, the coffee extract suppressed the adipogenesis-related events such as MCE and C/EBPβ activation through the down-regulation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1). The stability of the IRS1 protein was markedly decreased by the treatment with coffee extract due to proteasomal degradation. These results have revealed an anti-adipogenic function for coffee intake and identified IRS1 as a novel target for coffee extract in adipogenesis.
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TET-mediated hydroxymethylcytosine at the Pparγ locus is required for initiation of adipogenic differentiation. Int J Obes (Lond) 2017; 41:652-659. [PMID: 28100914 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Adipose tissue is one of the main organs regulating energy homeostasis via energy storage as well as endocrine function. The adipocyte cell number is largely determined by adipogenesis. While the molecular mechanism of adipogenesis has been extensively studied, its role in dynamic DNA methylation plasticity remains unclear. Recently, it has been shown that Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase (TET) is catalytically capable of oxidizing DNA 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) toward a complete removal of the methylated cytosine. We investigate whether expression of the Tet genes and production of hydroxymethylcytosine are required for preadipocyte differentiation. SUBJECTS/METHODS Murine 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were used to evaluate the role of Tet1 and Tet2 genes during adipogenesis. Changes in adipogenic ability and in epigenetic status were analyzed, with and without interfering Tet1 and Tet2 expression using small interfering RNA (siRNA). The adipogenesis was evaluated by Oil-Red-O staining and induced expression of adipogenic genes using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Levels of 5-hmC and 5-mC were measured by MassARRAY, immunoprecipitation and GC mass spectrometry at specific loci as well as globally. RESULTS Both Tet1 and Tet2 genes were upregulated in a time-dependent manner, accompanied by increased expression of hallmark adipogenic genes such as Pparγ and Fabp4 (P<0.05). The TET upregulation led to reduced DNA methylation and elevated hydroxymethylcytosine, both globally and specifically at the Pparγ locus (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). Knockdown of Tet1 and Tet2 blocked adipogenesis (P<0.01) by repression of Pparγ expression (P<0.05). In particular, Tet2 knockdown repressed conversion of 5-mC to 5-hmC at the Pparγ locus (P<0.01). Moreover, vitamin C treatment enhanced adipogenesis (P<0.05), while fumarate treatment inhibited it (P<0.01) by modulating TET activities. CONCLUSIONS TET proteins, particularly TET2, were required for adipogenesis by modulating DNA methylation at the Pparγ locus, subsequently by inducing Pparγ gene expression.
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Long term betaine supplementation regulates genes involved in lipid and cholesterol metabolism of two muscles from an obese pig breed. Meat Sci 2017; 124:25-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Yeoh BS, Saha P, Singh V, Xiao X, Ying Y, Vanamala JK, Kennett MJ, Harvatine KJ, Joe B, Vijay-Kumar M. Deficiency of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 aggravates colitogenic potential of adoptively transferred effector T cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 311:G713-G723. [PMID: 27609767 PMCID: PMC5142196 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00174.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) is a lipogenic enzyme involved in the de novo biosynthesis of oleate (C18:1, n9), a major fatty acid in the phospholipids of lipid bilayers of cell membranes. Accordingly, Scd1KO mice display substantially reduced oleate in cell membranes. An altered SCD1 level was observed during intestinal inflammation; however, its role in modulating inflammatory bowel disease remains elusive. Herein, we investigated the colitogenic capacity of Scd1KO effector T cells by employing the adoptive T-cell transfer colitis model. Splenic effector T cells (CD4+CD25-) from age- and sex-matched wild-type (WT) and Scd1KO mice were isolated by FACS and intraperitoneally administered to Rag1KO mice, which were monitored for the development of colitis. At day 60 postcell transfer, Rag1KO mice that received Scd1KO CD4+CD25- T cells displayed accelerated and exacerbated colitis than mice receiving WT CD4+CD25- T cells. Intriguingly, Scd1KO CD4+CD25- T cells display augmented inflammatory cytokine profile and cellular membrane fluidity with a concomitant increase in proinflammatory saturated fatty acids, which we postulate to potentially underlie their augmented colitogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beng San Yeoh
- 1Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania;
| | - Piu Saha
- 1Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania;
| | - Vishal Singh
- 1Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania;
| | - Xia Xiao
- 1Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania;
| | - Yun Ying
- 2Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania;
| | - Jairam K. Vanamala
- 3Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania;
| | - Mary J. Kennett
- 4Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania;
| | - Kevin J. Harvatine
- 2Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania;
| | - Bina Joe
- 5Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio; and
| | - Matam Vijay-Kumar
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania; .,Department of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
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Hill M, Wu X, Sullivan M, King B, Webb C, Gimble J. Expression of acute phase proteins by bone marrow stromal cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/096805199600300506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The current work examines the expression of acute phase genes in a murine-derived bone marrow stromal cell model (BMS2) which exhibits adipocyte and osteoblast characteristics and supports lymphopoiesis in vitro. Each of these physiologic processes is responsive to inflammatory events such as endotoxemia. Exposure of BMS2 cells to pro-inflammatory cytokines induced the expression of the serum amyloid A and complement factor B. During adipocyte differentiation, expression of complement C3, complement factor D (adipsin), and angiotensinogen increased in a time dependent manner. The bone metabolic steroid, 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D3, specifically induced complement C3 expression in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Based on gel retention analysis, BMS2 nuclear extract contained proteins recognizing specific response elements from the complement C3, angiotensinogen, and complement factor B promoters. These results suggest that the bone marrow's repertoire of acute phase proteins is dependent on the stromal cell's phenotype or activation state.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.R. Hill
- Department of Radiologic Technology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA, Department of Natural Sciences, Oklahoma Christian University, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - X. Wu
- Immunobiology & Cancer Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - M. Sullivan
- Immunobiology & Cancer Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - B.O. King
- Department of Radiologic Technology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - C.F. Webb
- Immunobiology & Cancer Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Oklahma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - J.M. Gimble
- Immunobiology & Cancer Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Oklahma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA, Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA, Department of Zoology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
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Xu T, Shen X, Seyfert HM. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 expression is downregulated in liver and udder during E. coli mastitis through enhanced expression of repressive C/EBP factors and reduced expression of the inducer SREBP1A. BMC Mol Biol 2016; 17:16. [PMID: 27439381 PMCID: PMC4955114 DOI: 10.1186/s12867-016-0069-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) desaturates long chain fatty acids and is therefore a key enzyme in fat catabolism. Its synthesis is downregulated in liver during illnesses caused by high levels of circulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS). SCD1 expression is known to be stimulated under adipogenic conditions through a variety of transcription factors, notably SREBP1 and C/EBPα and −β. However, mechanisms downregulating SCD1 expression during illness related reprograming of the metabolism were unknown. Escherichia coli elicited mastitis is an example of such a condition and was found to downregulates milk and milk fat synthesis. This is in part mediated through epigenetic mechanisms. We analyzed here mechanism controlling SCD1 expression in livers and udders from cows suffering from experimentally induced E. coli mastitis. Results We validated with RT-qPCR that SCD1 expression was reduced in these organs of the experimental cows. They also featured decreased levels of mRNAs encoding SREBP1a but increased levels for C/EBP α and −β. Chromatin accessibility PCR (CHART) revealed that downregulation of SCD1 expression in liver was not caused by tighter chromatin compaction of the SCD1 promoter. Reporter gene analyses showed in liver (HepG2) and mammary epithelial (MAC-T) model cells that overexpression of SREBP1a expectedly activated the promoter, while unexpectedly C/EBPα and −β strongly quenched the promoter activity. Abrogation of two from among of the three C/EBP DNA-binding motifs of the promoter revealed that C/EBPα acts in cis but C/EBPβ in trans. Overexpressing truncated C/EBPα or −β factors lacking their repressive domains confirmed in both model cells the direct action of C/EBPα, but not of C/EBPβ on the promoter. Conclusions We found no evidence that epigenetic mechanism remodeling the chromatin compaction of the SCD1 promoter would contribute to downregulate SCD1 expression during infection. Instead, our data show for the first time that C/EBP factors may repress SCD1 expression in liver and udder rather than stimulating as it was previously shown in adipocytes. This cell type specific dual and opposite function of C/EBP factors for regulating SCD1 expression was previously unknown. Infection related activation of their expression combined with downregulated expression of SREBP1a explains reduced SCD1 expression in liver and udder during acute mastitis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12867-016-0069-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianle Xu
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangzhen Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Hans-Martin Seyfert
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.
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42
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Liang WC, Wang Y, Liang PP, Pan XQ, Fu WM, Yeung VSY, Lu YF, Wan DCC, Tsui SKW, Tsang SY, Ma WB, Zhang JF, Waye MMY. MiR-25 suppresses 3T3-L1 adipogenesis by directly targeting KLF4 and C/EBPα. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:2658-66. [PMID: 25923408 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, miRNA emerges as a vital player in orchestrating gene regulation and maintaining cellular homeostasis. It is well documented that miRNA influences a variety of biological events, including embryogenesis, cell fate decision, and cellular differentiation. Adipogenesis is an organized process of cellular differentiation by which pre-adipocytes differentiate towards mature adipocytes. It has been shown that adipogenesis is tightly modulated by a number of transcription factors such as PPARγ, KLF4, and C/EBPα. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the missing link between miRNA and adipogenesis-related transcription factors remain elusive. In this study, we unveiled that miR-25, a member of miR-106b-25 cluster, was remarkably downregulated during 3T3-L1 adipogenesis. Restored expression of miR-25 significantly impaired 3T3-L1 adipogenesis and downregulated the expression of serial adipogenesis-related genes. Further experiments presented that ectopic expression of miR-25 did not affect cell proliferation and cell cycle progression. Finally, KLF4 and C/EBPα, two key regulators of adipocyte differentiation, were experimentally identified as bona fide targets for miR-25. These data indicate that miR-25 is a novel negative regulator of adipocyte differentiation and it suppressed 3T3-L1 adipogenesis by targeting KLF4 and C/EBPα, which provides novel insights into the molecular mechanism of miRNA-mediated cellular differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Cheng Liang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, P.R. China.,Croucher Laboratory for Human Genomics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Pu-Ping Liang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xu-Qing Pan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Ming Fu
- Guangzhou Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Venus Sai-Ying Yeung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, P.R. China.,Croucher Laboratory for Human Genomics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Fei Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - David Chi-Cheong Wan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Stephen Kwok-Wing Tsui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, P.R. China.,Croucher Laboratory for Human Genomics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, P.R. China.,The Hong Kong Bioinformatics Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Suk-Ying Tsang
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Bin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Fang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Mary Miu-Yee Waye
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, P.R. China.,Croucher Laboratory for Human Genomics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, P.R. China
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43
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Silva-Martínez GA, Rodríguez-Ríos D, Alvarado-Caudillo Y, Vaquero A, Esteller M, Carmona FJ, Moran S, Nielsen FC, Wickström-Lindholm M, Wrobel K, Wrobel K, Barbosa-Sabanero G, Zaina S, Lund G. Arachidonic and oleic acid exert distinct effects on the DNA methylome. Epigenetics 2016; 11:321-34. [PMID: 27088456 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2016.1161873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal fatty acid metabolism and availability are landmarks of metabolic diseases, which in turn are associated with aberrant DNA methylation profiles. To understand the role of fatty acids in disease epigenetics, we sought DNA methylation profiles specifically induced by arachidonic (AA) or oleic acid (OA) in cultured cells and compared those with published profiles of normal and diseased tissues. THP-1 monocytes were stimulated with AA or OA and analyzed using Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip (Illumina) and Human Exon 1.0 ST array (Affymetrix). Data were corroborated in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Comparisons with publicly available data were conducted by standard bioinformatics. AA and OA elicited a complex response marked by a general DNA hypermethylation and hypomethylation in the 1-200 μM range, respectively, with a maximal differential response at the 100 μM dose. The divergent response to AA and OA was prominent within the gene body of target genes, where it correlated positively with transcription. AA-induced DNA methylation profiles were similar to the corresponding profiles described for palmitic acid, atherosclerosis, diabetes, obesity, and autism, but relatively dissimilar from OA-induced profiles. Furthermore, human atherosclerosis grade-associated DNA methylation profiles were significantly enriched in AA-induced profiles. Biochemical evidence pointed to β-oxidation, PPAR-α, and sirtuin 1 as important mediators of AA-induced DNA methylation changes. In conclusion, AA and OA exert distinct effects on the DNA methylome. The observation that AA may contribute to shape the epigenome of important metabolic diseases, supports and expands current diet-based therapeutic and preventive efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dalia Rodríguez-Ríos
- a Department of Genetic Engineering , CINVESTAV Irapuato Unit , Irapuato , Mexico
| | - Yolanda Alvarado-Caudillo
- b Department of Medical Sciences , Division of Health Sciences, León Campus, University of Guanajuato , Mexico
| | - Alejandro Vaquero
- c Laboratory of Chromatin Biology, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC) , IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat , Barcelona , Catalonia , Spain
| | - Manel Esteller
- d Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC) , IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat , Barcelona , Catalonia , Spain
| | - F Javier Carmona
- d Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC) , IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat , Barcelona , Catalonia , Spain
| | - Sebastian Moran
- d Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC) , IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat , Barcelona , Catalonia , Spain
| | - Finn C Nielsen
- e Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Marie Wickström-Lindholm
- f Experimental Cardiovascular Research , Malmö University Hospital, Lund University , Malmö , Sweden
| | - Katarzyna Wrobel
- g Department of Chemistry, Division of Natural and Exact Sciences, Guanajuato Campus , University of Guanajuato , Mexico
| | - Kazimierz Wrobel
- g Department of Chemistry, Division of Natural and Exact Sciences, Guanajuato Campus , University of Guanajuato , Mexico
| | - Gloria Barbosa-Sabanero
- b Department of Medical Sciences , Division of Health Sciences, León Campus, University of Guanajuato , Mexico
| | - Silvio Zaina
- b Department of Medical Sciences , Division of Health Sciences, León Campus, University of Guanajuato , Mexico
| | - Gertrud Lund
- a Department of Genetic Engineering , CINVESTAV Irapuato Unit , Irapuato , Mexico
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Barbagallo I, Vanella L, Cambria MT, Tibullo D, Godos J, Guarnaccia L, Zappalà A, Galvano F, Li Volti G. Silibinin Regulates Lipid Metabolism and Differentiation in Functional Human Adipocytes. Front Pharmacol 2016; 6:309. [PMID: 26834634 PMCID: PMC4720740 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Silibinin, a natural plant flavonolignan is the main active constituent found in milk thistle (Silybum marianum). It is known to have hepatoprotective, anti-neoplastic effect, and suppresses lipid accumulation in adipocytes. Objective of this study was to investigate the effect of silibinin on adipogenic differentiation and thermogenic capacity of human adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells. Silibinin (10 μM) treatment, either at the beginning or at the end of adipogenic differentiation, resulted in an increase of SIRT-1, PPARα, Pgc-1α, and UCPs gene expression. Moreover, silibinin administration resulted in a decrease of PPARγ, FABP4, FAS, and MEST/PEG1 gene expression during the differentiation, confirming that this compound is able to reduce fatty acid accumulation and adipocyte size. Our data showed that silibinin regulated adipocyte lipid metabolism, inducing thermogenesis and promoting a brown remodeling in adipocyte. Taken together, our findings suggest that silibinin increases UCPs expression by stimulation of SIRT1, PPARα, and Pgc-1α, improved metabolic parameters, decreased lipid mass leading to the formation of functional adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignazio Barbagallo
- Biochemistry Section, Department of Drug Science, University of CataniaCatania, Italy
| | - Luca Vanella
- Biochemistry Section, Department of Drug Science, University of CataniaCatania, Italy
| | - Maria T. Cambria
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of CataniaCatania, Italy
| | | | - Justyna Godos
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of CataniaCatania, Italy
| | - Laura Guarnaccia
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of CataniaCatania, Italy
| | - Agata Zappalà
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of CataniaCatania, Italy
| | - Fabio Galvano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of CataniaCatania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Li Volti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of CataniaCatania, Italy
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45
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Moseti D, Regassa A, Kim WK. Molecular Regulation of Adipogenesis and Potential Anti-Adipogenic Bioactive Molecules. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17010124. [PMID: 26797605 PMCID: PMC4730365 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 465] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipogenesis is the process by which precursor stem cells differentiate into lipid laden adipocytes. Adipogenesis is regulated by a complex and highly orchestrated gene expression program. In mammalian cells, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), and the CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins (C/EBPs) such as C/EBPα, β and δ are considered the key early regulators of adipogenesis, while fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), adiponectin, and fatty acid synthase (FAS) are responsible for the formation of mature adipocytes. Excess accumulation of lipids in the adipose tissue leads to obesity, which is associated with cardiovascular diseases, type II diabetes and other pathologies. Thus, investigating adipose tissue development and the underlying molecular mechanisms is vital to develop therapeutic agents capable of curbing the increasing incidence of obesity and related pathologies. In this review, we address the process of adipogenic differentiation, key transcription factors and proteins involved, adipogenic regulators and potential anti-adipogenic bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy Moseti
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, 201 Animal Science building, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Alemu Regassa
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, 201 Animal Science building, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Woo-Kyun Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, 303 Poultry Science Building, Athens, GA 30602-2772, USA.
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46
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Funakoshi-Tago M, Hattori T, Ueda F, Tago K, Ohe T, Mashino T, Tamura H. A proline-type fullerene derivative inhibits adipogenesis by preventing PPARγ activation. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 5:259-265. [PMID: 28955832 PMCID: PMC5600428 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its associated metabolic diseases represent some of the most rapidly expanding health issues worldwide, and, thus, the development of a novel chemical compound to suppress adipogenesis is strongly expected. We herein investigated the effects of water-soluble fullerene derivatives: a bis-malonic acid derivative and three types of proline-type fullerene derivatives, on adipogenesis using NIH-3T3 cells overexpressing PPARγ. One of the proline-type fullerene derivatives (P3) harboring three carboxy groups significantly inhibited lipid accumulation and the expression of adipocyte-specific genes, such as aP2, induced by the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone. On the other hand, the bis-malonic acid derivative (M) and the 2 other proline-type fullerene derivatives (P1, P2), which have two carboxy groups, had no effect on PPARγ-mediated lipid accumulation or the expression of aP2. P3 fullerene also inhibited lipid accumulation induced by the combined stimulation with 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), dexamethasone, and insulin in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. During the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells into adipocytes, P3 fullerene did not affect the expression of C/EBPδ, C/EBPβ, or PPARγ, but markedly inhibited that of aP2 mRNA. These results suggest that P3 fullerene exhibits anti-obesity activity by preventing the activation of PPARγ. Fullerene derivative inhibits the rosiglitazone-induced adipogenesis. Fullerene derivative inhibits the rosiglitazone-induced expression of aP2 mRNA. Fullerene derivative inhibits adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 preadipocyte. Fullerene derivative inhibits the activation of PPARγ in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte.
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Key Words
- Adipogenesis
- C/EBPs, CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- Fullerene
- HIV, human immunodeficiency virus
- IBMX, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa B
- Obesity
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PPARγ
- PPARγ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- RT-PCR, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.
- aP2, adipocyte Protein 2
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Funakoshi-Tago
- Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
- Correspondence to: Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan.Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University1-5-30 ShibakoenMinato-kuTokyo105-8512Japan
| | - Takahiro Hattori
- Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Fumihito Ueda
- Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Kenji Tago
- Division of Structural Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi-ken 329-0498, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Ohe
- Department of Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Tadahiko Mashino
- Department of Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Hiroomi Tamura
- Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
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47
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Park YK, Hong VS, Lee TY, Lee J, Choi JS, Park DS, Park GY, Jang BC. The novel anti-adipogenic effect and mechanisms of action of SGI-1776, a Pim-specific inhibitor, in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Int J Mol Med 2015; 37:157-64. [PMID: 26719859 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The proviral integration site for moloney murine leukemia virus (Pim) kinases, consisting of Pim-1, Pim-2 and Pim-3, belongs to a family of serine/threonine kinases that are involved in controlling cell growth and differentiation. Pim kinases are emerging as important mediators of adipocyte differentiation. SGI-1776, an inhibitor of Pim kinases, is widely used to assess the physiological roles of Pim kinases, particularly cell functions. In the present study, we examined the effects of SGI-1776 on adipogenesis. The anti‑adipogenic effect of SGI‑1776 was measured by Oil Red O staining and AdipoRed assays. The effect of SGI‑1776 on the growth of 3T3‑L1 adipocytes was determined by cell count analysis. The effects of SGI‑1776 on the protein and mRNA expression of adipogenesis-related proteins and adipokines in 3T3‑L1 adipocytes were also evaluated by western blot analysis and RT‑PCR, respectively. Notably, SGI-1776 markedly inhibited lipid accumulation during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes into adipocytes. On a mechanistic level, SGI-1776 inhibited not only the expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBP-α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) and fatty acid synthase (FAS), but also the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT-3). Moreover, SGI-1776 decreased the expression of adipokines, including the expression of leptin and regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) during adipocyte differentiation. These findings demonstrate that SGI-1776 inhibits adipogenesis by downregulating the expression and/or phosphorylation levels of C/EBP-α, PPAR-γ, FAS and STAT-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Kyoung Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 704-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Victor Sukbong Hong
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Keimyung University, Daegu 704-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Yoon Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 705‑717, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Keimyung University, Daegu 704-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Soon Choi
- Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Soon Park
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu 705-718, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Young Park
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu 705-718, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Churl Jang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 704-701, Republic of Korea
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48
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Brenner S, Bercovich Z, Feiler Y, Keshet R, Kahana C. Dual Regulatory Role of Polyamines in Adipogenesis. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:27384-27392. [PMID: 26396188 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.686980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipogenesis is a complex process, accompanied by a chain of interdependent events. Disruption of key events in this cascade may interfere with the correct formation of adipose tissue. Polyamines were demonstrated necessary for adipogenesis; however, the underlying mechanism by which they act has not been established. Here, we examined the effect of polyamine depletion on the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Our results demonstrate that polyamines are required early in the adipogenic process. Polyamine depletion inhibited the second division of the mitotic clonal expansion (MCE), and inhibited the expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα, the master regulators of adipogenesis. However, it did not affect the expression of their transcriptional activator, C/EBPβ. Additionally, polyamine depletion resulted in elevation of mRNA and protein levels of the stress-induced C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), whose dominant negative function is known to inhibit C/EBPβ DNA binding activity. Conditional knockdown of CHOP in polyamine-depleted preadipocytes restored PPARγ and C/EBPα expression, but failed to recover MCE and differentiation. Thus, our results suggest that the need for MCE in the adipogenic process is independent from the requirement for PPARγ and C/EBPα expression. We conclude that de novo synthesis of polyamines during adipogenesis is required for down-regulation of CHOP to allow C/EBPβ activation, and for promoting MCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Brenner
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Zippi Bercovich
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Yulia Feiler
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Rom Keshet
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Chaim Kahana
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
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49
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Han R, Wang X, Bachovchin W, Zukowska Z, Osborn JW. Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase 8/9 impairs preadipocyte differentiation. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12348. [PMID: 26242871 PMCID: PMC4525143 DOI: 10.1038/srep12348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes are the primary cells in adipose tissue, and adipocyte dysfunction causes lipodystrophy, obesity and diabetes. The dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) 4 family includes four enzymes, DPP4, DPP8, DPP9 and fibroblast activation protein (FAP). DPP4 family inhibitors have been used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes patients, but their role in adipocyte formation are poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that the DPP8/9 selective inhibitor 1G244 blocks adipogenesis in preadipocyte 3T3-L1 and 3T3-F422A, while DPP4 and FAP inhibitors have no effect. In addition, knockdown of DPP8 or DPP9 significantly impairs adipocyte differentiation in preadipocytes. We further uncovered that blocking the expression or activities of DPP8 and DPP9 attenuates PPARγ2 induction during preadipocyte differentiation. Addition of PPARγ agonist thiazolidinediones (TZDs), or ectopic expression of PPARγ2, is able to rescue the adipogenic defect caused by DPP8/9 inhibition in preadipocytes. These results indicate the importance of DPP8 and DPP9 on adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijun Han
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Xinying Wang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - William Bachovchin
- Sackler School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zofia Zukowska
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - John W Osborn
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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50
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Satish L, Krill-Burger JM, Gallo PH, Etages SD, Liu F, Philips BJ, Ravuri S, Marra KG, LaFramboise WA, Kathju S, Rubin JP. Expression analysis of human adipose-derived stem cells during in vitro differentiation to an adipocyte lineage. BMC Med Genomics 2015. [PMID: 26205789 PMCID: PMC4513754 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-015-0119-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adipose tissue-derived stromal stem cells (ASCs) represent a promising regenerative resource for soft tissue reconstruction. Although autologous grafting of whole fat has long been practiced, a major clinical limitation of this technique is inconsistent long-term graft retention. To understand the changes in cell function during the transition of ASCs into fully mature fat cells, we compared the transcriptome profiles of cultured undifferentiated human primary ASCs under conditions leading to acquisition of a mature adipocyte phenotype. Methods Microarray analysis was performed on total RNA extracted from separate ACS isolates of six human adult females before and after 7 days (7 days: early stage) and 21 days (21 days: late stage) of adipocyte differentiation in vitro. Differential gene expression profiles were determined using Partek Genomics Suite Version 6.4 for analysis of variance (ANOVA) based on time in culture. We also performed unsupervised hierarchical clustering to test for gene expression patterns among the three cell populations. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was used to determine biologically significant networks and canonical pathways relevant to adipogenesis. Results Cells at each stage showed remarkable intra-group consistency of expression profiles while abundant differences were detected across stages and groups. More than 14,000 transcripts were significantly altered during differentiation while ~6000 transcripts were affected between 7 days and 21 days cultures. Setting a cutoff of +/-two-fold change, 1350 transcripts were elevated while 2929 genes were significantly decreased by 7 days. Comparison of early and late stage cultures revealed increased expression of 1107 transcripts while 606 genes showed significantly reduced expression. In addition to confirming differential expression of known markers of adipogenesis (e.g., FABP4, ADIPOQ, PLIN4), multiple genes and signaling pathways not previously known to be involved in regulating adipogenesis were identified (e.g. POSTN, PPP1R1A, FGF11) as potential novel mediators of adipogenesis. Quantitative RT-PCR validated the microarray results. Conclusions ASC maturation into an adipocyte phenotype proceeds from a gene expression program that involves thousands of genes. This is the first study to compare mRNA expression profiles during early and late stage adipogenesis using cultured human primary ASCs from multiple patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12920-015-0119-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latha Satish
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 3550 Terrace Street, 6B Scaife Hall, 15261, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Phillip H Gallo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 3550 Terrace Street, 6B Scaife Hall, 15261, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Fang Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 3550 Terrace Street, 6B Scaife Hall, 15261, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Brian J Philips
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 3550 Terrace Street, 6B Scaife Hall, 15261, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sudheer Ravuri
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 3550 Terrace Street, 6B Scaife Hall, 15261, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kacey G Marra
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 3550 Terrace Street, 6B Scaife Hall, 15261, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Sandeep Kathju
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 3550 Terrace Street, 6B Scaife Hall, 15261, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - J Peter Rubin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 3550 Terrace Street, 6B Scaife Hall, 15261, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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