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Tan L, Zhang H, Li H, Sun S, Lyu Q, Jiang Y. Blueberry extracts antagonize Aβ 25-35 neurotoxicity and exert a neuroprotective effect through MEK-ERK-BDNF/UCH-L1 signaling pathway in rat and mouse hippocampus. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:745-760. [PMID: 37647279 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2252640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neuroprotective potential of blueberry (BB) extracts against Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been previously hinted at, while its exact mechanism has remained largely enigmatic. OBJECTIVE Our study endeavored to unravel the impacts and mechanisms by which BB extracts ameliorated the learning and memory prowess of AD-afflicted mice, with a specific focus on the MEK-ERK pathway. METHODS We employed 3-month-old APP/PS1 transgenic mice and stratified them into three distinct groups: AD+BB, AD, and control (CT). The Morris Water Maze Test (MWMT) was then administered to gauge their learning and memory faculties. In vitro experiments were executed on Aβ25-35-afflicted rat hippocampal neurons, which were subsequently treated with varying concentrations of BB extracts. We then assessed the expression levels of genes and proteins integral to the MEK-ERKBDNF/UCH-L1 pathway. RESULTS The data showed that the AD mice demonstrated compromised learning and memory faculties in MWMT. However, the AD+BB cohort showcased marked improvements in performance. Furthermore, in the AD subset, significant elevations in the expressions of MEK2 and ERK1/2 were observed, both at the mRNA and protein levels. Conversely, UCH-L1 mRNA expressions exhibited a decline, while BDNF expressions surged significantly. However, post BB extract treatment, the expressions of MEK2 and ERK1/2 were subdued, with UCH-L1 and BDNF mRNA expressions reverting to control levels. CONCLUSIONS Our findings propounded that BB extracts could offer therapeutic promise for AD by bolstering learning and memory capacities. The unwarranted activation of the MEK-ERK pathway, coupled with the aberrant expressions of BDNF and UCH-L1, might underpin AD's pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Tan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiqiang Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Yantai Economic and Technological Development Area Hospital, Yantai Economic and Technological Development Area, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shoudan Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanjun Lyu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yugang Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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van Velthoven CTJ, Gao Y, Kunst M, Lee C, McMillen D, Chakka AB, Casper T, Clark M, Chakrabarty R, Daniel S, Dolbeare T, Ferrer R, Gloe J, Goldy J, Guzman J, Halterman C, Ho W, Huang M, James K, Nguy B, Pham T, Ronellenfitch K, Thomas ED, Torkelson A, Pagan CM, Kruse L, Dee N, Ng L, Waters J, Smith KA, Tasic B, Yao Z, Zeng H. The transcriptomic and spatial organization of telencephalic GABAergic neuronal types. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.18.599583. [PMID: 38948843 PMCID: PMC11212977 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.18.599583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The telencephalon of the mammalian brain comprises multiple regions and circuit pathways that play adaptive and integrative roles in a variety of brain functions. There is a wide array of GABAergic neurons in the telencephalon; they play a multitude of circuit functions, and dysfunction of these neurons has been implicated in diverse brain disorders. In this study, we conducted a systematic and in-depth analysis of the transcriptomic and spatial organization of GABAergic neuronal types in all regions of the mouse telencephalon and their developmental origins. This was accomplished by utilizing 611,423 single-cell transcriptomes from the comprehensive and high-resolution transcriptomic and spatial cell type atlas for the adult whole mouse brain we have generated, supplemented with an additional single-cell RNA-sequencing dataset containing 99,438 high-quality single-cell transcriptomes collected from the pre- and postnatal developing mouse brain. We present a hierarchically organized adult telencephalic GABAergic neuronal cell type taxonomy of 7 classes, 52 subclasses, 284 supertypes, and 1,051 clusters, as well as a corresponding developmental taxonomy of 450 clusters across different ages. Detailed charting efforts reveal extraordinary complexity where relationships among cell types reflect both spatial locations and developmental origins. Transcriptomically and developmentally related cell types can often be found in distant and diverse brain regions indicating that long-distance migration and dispersion is a common characteristic of nearly all classes of telencephalic GABAergic neurons. Additionally, we find various spatial dimensions of both discrete and continuous variations among related cell types that are correlated with gene expression gradients. Lastly, we find that cortical, striatal and some pallidal GABAergic neurons undergo extensive postnatal diversification, whereas septal and most pallidal GABAergic neuronal types emerge simultaneously during the embryonic stage with limited postnatal diversification. Overall, the telencephalic GABAergic cell type taxonomy can serve as a foundational reference for molecular, structural and functional studies of cell types and circuits by the entire community.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuan Gao
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Changkyu Lee
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Scott Daniel
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tim Dolbeare
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Jessica Gloe
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeff Goldy
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Windy Ho
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mike Huang
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Beagan Nguy
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lauren Kruse
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nick Dee
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lydia Ng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jack Waters
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Zizhen Yao
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hongkui Zeng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
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Matsumoto Y, Matsumoto CS, Mizunami M. Critical roles of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in olfactory memory formation and retrieval in crickets. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1345397. [PMID: 38405118 PMCID: PMC10884312 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1345397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholine (ACh) is a major excitatory neurotransmitter in the insect central nervous system, and insect neurons express several types of ACh receptors (AChRs). AChRs are classified into two subgroups, muscarinic AChRs and nicotinic AChRs (nAChRs). nAChRs are also divided into two subgroups by sensitivity to α-bungarotoxin (α-BGT). The cricket Gryllus bimaculatus is one of the useful insects for studying the molecular mechanisms in olfactory learning and memory. However, the roles of nAChRs in olfactory learning and memory of the cricket are still unknown. In the present study, to investigate whether nAChRs are involved in cricket olfactory learning and memory, we tested the effects of two different AChR antagonists on long-term memory (LTM) formation and retrieval in a behavioral assay. The two AChR antagonists that we used are mecamylamine (MEC), an α-BGT-insensitive nAChR antagonist, and methyllycaconitine (MLA), an α-BGT-sensitive nAChR antagonist. In crickets, multiple-trial olfactory conditioning induced 1-day memory (LTM), whereas single-trial olfactory conditioning induced 1-h memory (mid-term memory, MTM) but not 1-day memory. Crickets injected with MEC 20 min before the retention test at 1 day after the multiple-trial conditioning exhibited no memory retrieval. This indicates that α-BGT-insensitive nAChRs participate in memory retrieval. In addition, crickets injected with MLA before the multiple-trial conditioning exhibited MTM but not LTM, indicating that α-BGT-sensitive nAChRs participate in the formation of LTM. Moreover, injection of nicotine (an nAChR agonist) before the single-trial conditioning induced LTM. Finally, the nitric oxide (NO)-cGMP signaling pathway is known to participate in the formation of LTM in crickets, and we conducted co-injection experiments with an agonist or inhibitor of the nAChR and an activator or inhibitor of the NO-cGMP signaling pathway. The results suggest that nAChR works upstream of the NO-cGMP signaling system in the LTM formation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihisa Matsumoto
- Institute of Education, Liberal Arts and Sciences Division, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Makoto Mizunami
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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Park MJ, Lee J, Bagon BB, Matienzo ME, Lim S, Kim K, Lee CM, Wu J, Kim DI. N G ,N G -Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase 1 Expression Is Dispensable for Cold- or Diet-Induced Thermogenesis. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300192. [PMID: 38164809 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The strategy to activate thermogenic adipocytes has therapeutic potential to overcome obesity as they dissipate surplus energy as heat through various mechanisms. NG,NG-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolases (DDAHs) are enzymes involved in the nitric oxide-protein kinase G signaling axis which increases thermogenic gene expression. However, the role of DDAHs in thermogenic adipocytes has not been elucidated. The adipocyte-specific Ddah1 knockout mice are generated by crossing Ddah1fl/fl mice with adiponectin Cre recombinase mice. Adipocyte-specific DDAH1 overexpressing mice are generated using adeno-associated virus-double-floxed inverse open reading frame (AAV-DIO) system. These mice are analyzed under basal, cold exposure, or high-fat diet (HFD) conditions. Primary inguinal white adipose tissue cells from adipocyte-specific Ddah1 knockout mice expressed comparable amounts of Ucp1 mRNA. Adipocyte-specific DDAH1 overexpressing mice do not exhibit enhanced activation of thermogenic adipocytes. In addition, when these mice are exposed to cold environment or fed an HFD, their body temperature/weight and thermogenesis-related gene and protein expressions are unchanged. These findings indicate that DDAH1 does not play a role in either cold- or diet-induced thermogenesis. Therefore, adipocyte targeting DDAH1 gene therapy for the treatment of obesity is unlikely to be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jung Park
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Junhyeong Lee
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Bernadette B Bagon
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Merc Emil Matienzo
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Sangyi Lim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Keon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Chang-Min Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Jun Wu
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Dong-Il Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
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Sadeghi MA, Nassireslami E, Yousefi Zoshk M, Hosseini Y, Abbasian K, Chamanara M. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors in psychiatric disorders. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2023; 240:1201-1219. [PMID: 37060470 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06361-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Challenges in drug development for psychiatric disorders have left much room for the introduction of novel treatments with better therapeutic efficacies and indices. As a result, intense research has focused on identifying new targets for developing such pharmacotherapies. One of these targets may be the phosphodiesterase (PDE) class of enzymes, which play important roles in intracellular signaling. Due to their critical roles in cellular pathways, these enzymes affect diverse neurobiological functions from learning and memory formation to neuroinflammation. OBJECTIVES In this paper, we reviewed studies on the use of PDE inhibitors (PDEIs) in preclinical models and clinical trials of psychiatric disorders including depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), bipolar disorder (BP), sexual dysfunction, and feeding disorders. RESULTS PDEIs are able to improve symptoms of psychiatric disorders in preclinical models through activating the cAMP-PKA-CREB and cGMP-PKG pathways, attenuating neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, and stimulating neural plasticity. The most promising therapeutic candidates to emerge from these preclinical studies are PDE2 and PDE4 inhibitors for depression and anxiety and PDE1 and PDE10 inhibitors for schizophrenia. Furthermore, PDE3 and 4 inhibitors have shown promising results in clinical trials in patients with depression and schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS Larger and better designed clinical studies of PDEIs in schizophrenia, depression, and anxiety are warranted to facilitate their translation into the clinic. Regarding the other conditions discussed in this review (most notably PTSD and BP), better characterization of the effects of PDEIs in preclinical models is required before clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Sadeghi
- Toxicology Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Nassireslami
- Toxicology Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Yousefi Zoshk
- Trauma Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pediatrics, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasaman Hosseini
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kourosh Abbasian
- Management and Health Economics Department, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Chamanara
- Toxicology Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Genes and pathways associated with fear discrimination identified by genome-wide DNA methylation and RNA-seq analyses in nucleus accumbens in mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 120:110643. [PMID: 36152737 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fear memory is critical for individual survival. However, the maladaptive fear response is one of the hallmarks of fear-related disorders, which is characterized by the failure to discriminate threatening signals from neutral or safe cues. The biological mechanisms of fear discrimination remain to be clarified. In this study, we found that the nucleus accumbens (NAc) was indispensable for the formation of cued fear memory in mice, during which the expression of DNA methyltransferase 3a gene (DNMT3a) increased. Injection of Zebularine, a nonspecific DNMT inhibitor, into NAc immediately after conditioning induced a maladaptive fear response to neutral cue (CS-). Using whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS), differentially methylated sites and methylated regions (DMRs) were investigated. 16,226 DMRs in the genenome were identified, in which, 214 genes with significant differences in their methylation levels and mRNA expression profiles were identified through correlation analysis. Notably, 15 genes were synaptic function-related and 8 genes were enriched in the cGMP-PKG signaling pathway. Moreover, inhibition of PKG impaired fear discrimination. Together, our results revealed the profile and role of genome-wide DNA methylation in NAc in the regulation of fear discrimination.
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Yanai S, Tago T, Toyohara J, Arasaki T, Endo S. Reversal of spatial memory impairment by phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor cilostazol is associated with reduced neuroinflammation and increased cerebral glucose uptake in aged male mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1031637. [PMID: 36618932 PMCID: PMC9810637 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1031637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleotide second messenger 3', 5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and 3', 5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) mediate fundamental functions of the brain, including learning and memory. Phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE3) can hydrolyze both cAMP and cGMP and appears to be involved in the regulation of their contents in cells. We previously demonstrated that long-term administration of cilostazol, a PDE3 inhibitor, maintained good memory performance in aging mice. Here, we report on studies aimed at determining whether cilostazol also reverses already-impaired memory in aged male mice. One month of oral 1.5% cilostazol administration in 22-month-old mice reversed age-related declines in hippocampus-dependent memory tasks, including the object recognition and the Morris water maze. Furthermore, cilostazol reduced neuroinflammation, as evidenced by immunohistochemical staining, and increased glucose uptake in the brain, as evidence by positron emission tomography (PET) with 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose ([18F]FDG). These results suggest that already-expressed memory impairment in aged male mice that depend on cyclic nucleotide signaling can be reversed by inhibition of PDE3. The reversal of age-related memory impairments may occur in the central nervous system, either through cilostazol-enhanced recall or strengthening of weak memories that otherwise may be resistant to recall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Yanai
- Aging Neuroscience Research Team, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Tago
- Research Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Toyohara
- Research Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Arasaki
- Aging Neuroscience Research Team, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shogo Endo
- Aging Neuroscience Research Team, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan,*Correspondence: Shogo Endo,
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Tropea MR, Gulisano W, Vacanti V, Arancio O, Puzzo D, Palmeri A. Nitric oxide/cGMP/CREB pathway and amyloid-beta crosstalk: From physiology to Alzheimer's disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 193:657-668. [PMID: 36400326 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP pathway has been extensively studied for its pivotal role in synaptic plasticity and memory processes, resulting in an increase of cAMP response element-binding (CREB) phosphorylation, and consequent synthesis of plasticity-related proteins. The NO/cGMP/CREB signaling is downregulated during aging and neurodegenerative disorders and is affected by Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) and tau protein, whose increase and deposition is considered the key pathogenic event of Alzheimer's disease (AD). On the other hand, in physiological conditions, the crosstalk between the NO/cGMP/PKG/CREB pathway and Aβ ensures long-term potentiation and memory formation. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the interaction between the NO/cGMP/PKG/CREB pathway and Aβ in the healthy and diseased brain, offering a new perspective to shed light on AD pathophysiology. We will focus on the synaptic mechanisms underlying Aβ physiological interplay with cGMP pathway and how this balance is corrupted in AD, as high levels of Aβ interfere with NO production and cGMP molecular signaling leading to cognitive impairment. Finally, we will discuss results from preclinical and clinical studies proposing the increase of cGMP signaling as a therapeutic strategy in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosaria Tropea
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, 95123, Italy
| | - Walter Gulisano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, 95123, Italy
| | - Valeria Vacanti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, 95123, Italy
| | - Ottavio Arancio
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, USA; Department of Pathology & Cell Biology and Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Daniela Puzzo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, 95123, Italy; Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina (EN), 94018, Italy.
| | - Agostino Palmeri
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, 95123, Italy
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Celorrio M, Rhodes J, Shumilov K, Moritz J, Xiao S, Anabayan I, Sauerbeck A, Kummer T, Friess S. Recombinant human erythropoietin induces neuroprotection, activates MAPK/CREB pathway, and rescues fear memory after traumatic brain injury with delayed hypoxemia in mice. Brain Res 2022; 1795:148074. [PMID: 36075467 PMCID: PMC10515732 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic interventions targeting secondary insults, such as delayed hypoxemia, provide a unique opportunity for treatment in severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Erythropoietin (EPO) is a hypoxia-responsive cytokine with important roles in neurodevelopment, neuroprotection and neuromodulation. We hypothesized that recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) administration would mitigate injury in a combined injury model of TBI and delayed hypoxemia. Utilizing a clinically relevant murine model of TBI and delayed hypoxemia, we characterized how ongoing rhEPO administration influenced neurogenesis, neuroprotection, synaptic density and, behavioral outcomes early after TBI, and the impact on long-lasting outcomes 6 months after injury. We employed novel object recognition (NOR) and fear conditioning to assess long-term memory. At 1-month post-injury, we observed a significant increase in cued-fear memory response in the rhEPO-injured mice compared with vehicle-injured mice. This was associated with neuroprotection and neurogenesis in the hippocampus and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) signaling activation and increased of excitatory synaptic density in the amygdala. Early rhEPO treatment after injury reduced neurodegeneration and increased excitatory synaptic density in the hippocampus and amygdala at 6 months post-injury. However at 6 months post-injury (4 months after discontinuation of rhEPO), we did not observe changes in behavioral assessments nor MAPK/CREB pathway activation. In summary, these data demonstrate that ongoing rhEPO treatment initiated at a clinically feasible time point improves neurological, cognitive, and histological outcomes after TBI in the setting of secondary hypoxemic insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Celorrio
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - James Rhodes
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kirill Shumilov
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jennie Moritz
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sophia Xiao
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ilakkia Anabayan
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Andrew Sauerbeck
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Terrance Kummer
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Stuart Friess
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Sadeghi MA, Hemmati S, Nassireslami E, Yousefi Zoshk M, Hosseini Y, Abbasian K, Chamanara M. Targeting neuronal nitric oxide synthase and the nitrergic system in post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:3057-3082. [PMID: 36029333 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06212-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Current pharmacological approaches to treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) lack adequate effectiveness. As a result, identifying new molecular targets for drug development is necessary. Furthermore, fear learning and memory in PTSD can undergo different phases, such as fear acquisition, consolidation, and extinction. Each phase may involve different cellular pathways and brain regions. As a result, effective management of PTSD requires mindfulness of the timing of drug administration. One of the molecular targets currently under intense investigation is the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate receptor (NMDAR). However, despite the therapeutic efficacy of drugs targeting NMDAR, their translation into clinical use has been challenging due to their various side effects. One possible solution to this problem is to target signaling proteins downstream to NMDAR to improve targeting specificity. One of these proteins is the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), which is activated following calcium influx through the NMDAR. OBJECTIVE In this paper, we review the literature on the pharmacological modulation of nNOS in animal models of PTSD to evaluate its therapeutic potential. Furthermore, we attempt to decipher the inconsistencies observed between the findings of these studies based on the specific phase of fear learning which they had targeted. RESULTS Inhibition of nNOS may inhibit fear acquisition and recall, while not having a significant effect on fear consolidation and extinction. However, it may improve extinction consolidation or reconsolidation blockade. CONCLUSIONS Modulation of nNOS has therapeutic potential against PTSD and warrants further development for use in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Sadeghi
- Toxicology Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Hemmati
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Nassireslami
- Toxicology Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Yasaman Hosseini
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kourosh Abbasian
- Management and Health Economics Department, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Chamanara
- Toxicology Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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11
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Yao Y, Hu Y, Yang J, Zhang C, He Y, Qi H, Zeng Y, Zhang A, Liu X, Zhu X. Inhibition of neuronal nitric oxide synthase protects against hippocampal neuronal injuries by increasing neuropeptide Y expression in temporal lobe epilepsy mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 188:45-61. [PMID: 35714846 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.06.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) plays a pivotal role in the pathological process of neuronal injury in the development of epilepsy. Our previous study has demonstrated that nitric oxide (NO) derived from nNOS in the epileptic brain is neurotoxic due to its reaction with the superoxide radical with the formation of peroxynitrite. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is widely expressed in the mammalian brain, which has been implicated in energy homeostasis and neuroprotection. Recent studies suggest that nNOS may act as a mediator of NPY signaling. Here in this study, we sought to determine whether NPY expression is regulated by nNOS, and if so, whether the regulation of NPY by nNOS is associated with the neuronal injuries in the hippocampus of epileptic brain. Our results showed that pilocarpine-induced temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) mice exhibited an increased level of nNOS expression and a decreased level of NPY expression along with hippocampal neuronal injuries and cognition deficit. Genetic deletion of nNOS gene, however, significantly upregulated hippocampal NPY expression and reduced TLE-induced hippocampal neuronal injuries and cognition decline. Knockdown of NPY abolished nNOS depletion-induced neuroprotection and cognitive improvement in the TLE mice, suggesting that inhibition of nNOS protects against hippocampal neuronal injuries by increasing neuropeptide Y expression in TLE mice. Targeting nNOS-NPY signaling pathway in the epileptic brain might provide clinical benefit by attenuating neuronal injuries and preventing cognitive deficits in epilepsy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiurong Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Canyu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuqi He
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Honggang Qi
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Zeng
- National Residents Clinical Skills Training Center, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aifeng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiufang Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinjian Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
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12
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Fu Y, Liu H, He L, Ma S, Chen X, Wang K, Zhao F, Qi F, Guan S, Liu Z. Prenatal chronic stress impairs the learning and memory ability via inhibition of the NO/cGMP/PKG pathway in the Hippocampus of offspring. Behav Brain Res 2022; 433:114009. [PMID: 35850398 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Numerous clinical and animal studies have found that antenatal chronic stress can lead to pathological changes the hippocampal development from embryos to adult, but the mechanisms are not well understood. Proteomic analyses provide a new insight to explore the potential mechanisms of this impairment. In this study, gestating rats were subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) during pregnant days using nine different stimulations, and the changes of the learning and memory performance and the expression of proteins in the hippocampus of offspring were measured. It was found that prenatal chronic stress led to growth retardation, impaired spatial learning and memory ability in the offspring. Furthermore, prenatal stress caused various degrees of damage to neurons, Nissl body, mitochondria and synaptic structures in hippocampal CA3 region of offspring. In addition, 26 significantly different expressed proteins (DEPs) were found between the two groups by using isoquantitative tag-based relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) proteomics analysis. Further analyses of these DEPs showed that involved with different molecular functions and several biological processes, such as biological regulation and metabolic processes. Among these, the KEGG pathway enrichment showed that learning and memory impairment was mainly associated with the cyclic guanosine monophosphate protein kinase G (cGMP-PKG) pathway. At the same time, compared with OPC group, the NO, nNOS and cGMP level were significantly decreased, and the expression of PKG protein was also dropped. All of these results suggested that pregnant rats exposed to chronic psychological stress might impair spatial learning and memory ability of offspring, by disturbing the NO/cGMP/PKG signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjuan Fu
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, No. 1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Hongya Liu
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, No. 1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Ling He
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, No. 804, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Shuqin Ma
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, No. 804, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, No. 1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Kai Wang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, No. 1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, No. 1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Faqiu Qi
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, No. 1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Suzhen Guan
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, No. 1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.
| | - Zhihong Liu
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, No. 1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.
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13
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Xu B, Huang X, Yan Y, Zhao Z, Yang J, Zhu L, Yang Y, Liang B, Gu L, Su L. Analysis of expression profiles and bioinformatics suggests that plasma exosomal circular RNAs may be involved in ischemic stroke in the Chinese Han population. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:665-676. [PMID: 35067794 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00894-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been confirmed to be associated with ischemic stroke(IS), but the involvement of exosomal circRNAs in plasma still needs to be extensively discussed. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the expression profile of exosomal circRNAs in plasma and the potential roles and mechanisms of exosomal circRNAs in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke in the Chinese Han population. In this study, the plasma exosomal circRNA expression profiles of three IS patients and three healthy controls were analyzed using circRNA sequencing. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis and circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network analysis were performed for the aberrantly expressed genes. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks and molecular complex detection algorithms (MCODEs) were analyzed by STRING and Cystoscope for functional annotation and construction, respectively. RNA-Seq analysis revealed that a total of 3540 circRNAs were aberrantly expressed in exosomes, 1177 circRNAs were significantly upregulated, and 2363 circRNAs were downregulated in IS patients compared to healthy controls. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the parental genes of differentially expressed circRNAs as well as the mRNAs predicted in the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network are enriched for signaling pathways associated with IS pathology, such as the MAPK signaling pathway, lipid and atherosclerosis, neurotrophic factor signaling pathways, mTOR signaling pathway, the p53 signaling pathway etc. Then, 10 hub genes were identified from the PPI and module networks, including FBXW11, FBXW7, UBE2V2, ANAPC7, CDC27, UBC, CDC5L, POLR2H, POLR2F and RBX1. Overall, the present study provides evidence of an altered plasma exosomal circRNA expression profile and its potential function in IS. Our findings may contribute to the study of the pathogenesis of circRNAs in IS and provide ideas for studying potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyi Xu
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xianli Huang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Yan Yan
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Zhi Zhao
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jialei Yang
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lulu Zhu
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yibing Yang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Baoyun Liang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Lian Gu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China.
| | - Li Su
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
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14
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Rahmani A, Chew YL. Investigating the molecular mechanisms of learning and memory using Caenorhabditis elegans. J Neurochem 2021; 159:417-451. [PMID: 34528252 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Learning is an essential biological process for survival since it facilitates behavioural plasticity in response to environmental changes. This process is mediated by a wide variety of genes, mostly expressed in the nervous system. Many studies have extensively explored the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying learning and memory. This review will focus on the advances gained through the study of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. C. elegans provides an excellent system to study learning because of its genetic tractability, in addition to its invariant, compact nervous system (~300 neurons) that is well-characterised at the structural level. Importantly, despite its compact nature, the nematode nervous system possesses a high level of conservation with mammalian systems. These features allow the study of genes within specific sensory-, inter- and motor neurons, facilitating the interrogation of signalling pathways that mediate learning via defined neural circuits. This review will detail how learning and memory can be studied in C. elegans through behavioural paradigms that target distinct sensory modalities. We will also summarise recent studies describing mechanisms through which key molecular and cellular pathways are proposed to affect associative and non-associative forms of learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aelon Rahmani
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Yee Lian Chew
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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15
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Xiao H, Jiang Q, Qiu H, Wu K, Ma X, Yang J, Cheng O. Gastrodin promotes hippocampal neurogenesis via PDE9-cGMP-PKG pathway in mice following cerebral ischemia. Neurochem Int 2021; 150:105171. [PMID: 34419525 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Gastrodin, which is extracted from the Chinese herbal medicine Gastrodia elata Blume, can ameliorate neurogenesis after cerebral ischemia. However, it's possible underlying mechanisms remain still elusive. PDE9-cGMP-PKG signaling pathway is involved in the proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs) after cerebral ischemia. In this study, we investigated whether the beneficial effect of gastrodin on hippocampal neurogenesis after cerebral ischemia is correlated with the PDE9-cGMP-PKG signaling pathway. Bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) in mice and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) in primary cultured hippocampal NSCs were used to mimic brain ischemic injury. The Morris water maze (MWM) test was executed to detect spatial learning and memory. Proliferation, differentiation, and mature neurons were examined using immunofluorescence. The survival and proliferation of NSCs were assessed by CCK-8 assay and BrdU immunofluorescence staining, respectively. ELISA and western blot were used to detect the level of the PDE9-cGMP-PKG signaling pathway. In BCCAO mice, administering gastrodin (50 and 100 mg/kg) for 14 d restored cognitive behaviors; meanwhile, neurogenesis in hippocampus was stimulated, and PDE9 was inhibited and cGMP-PKG was activated by gastrodin. Consistent with the results, administering gastrodin (from 0.01-1 μmol/L) for 48 h dose-dependently ameliorated the cell viability and promoted greatly the proliferation in primary hippocampal NSCs exposed to OGD/R. Gastrodin further decreased PDE9 activity and up-regulated cGMP-PKG level. KT5823, a PKG inhibitor, markedly abrogated the protective effects of gastrodin on OGD/R-injured NSCs, accompanied by the down-regulation of PKG protein expression, but had no effects on PDE9 activity and cGMP level. Gastrodin could accelerate hippocampal neurogenesis after cerebral ischemia, which is mediated, at least partly, by PDE9-cGMP-PKG signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Key Lab of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingsong Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Key Lab of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongmei Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Key Lab of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ke Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Key Lab of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaojiao Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Key Lab of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junxia Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Key Lab of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Oumei Cheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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16
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Kurakula M, Naveen N. R, Patel B, Manne R, Patel DB. Preparation, Optimization and Evaluation of Chitosan-Based Avanafil Nanocomplex Utilizing Antioxidants for Enhanced Neuroprotective Effect on PC12 Cells. Gels 2021; 7:gels7030096. [PMID: 34287358 PMCID: PMC8293062 DOI: 10.3390/gels7030096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Introduction: in recent decades, interdisciplinary research on the utilization of natural products as “active moiety carriers” was focused on due to their superior safety profile, biodegradability, biocompatibility and the ability for sustained or controlled release activity. The nano-based neuroprotective strategy is explored as an imperative treatment for diabetic neuropathy (DN). Avanafil (AV), that selectively inhibits the degradation of cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase, thereby increasing the levels of cGMP, makes a decisive mediator for cytoprotection. (2) Methods: AVnanocomplex formulations were prepared by a modified anti-solvent precipitation method and the method was optimized by Box–Behnken design. An optimized formulation was characterized and evaluated for various in vitro parameters; (3) results:based on the desirability approach, the formulation containing 2.176 g of chitosan, 7.984 g of zein and 90% v/v ethanol concentration can fulfill the prerequisites of optimum formulation (OB-AV-NC).OB-AV-NC was characterized and evaluated for various parameters. The neuroprotective mechanism of AV was evaluated by pretreatment of PC12 cells with plain AV, avanafil nanocomplex (NC) without antioxidants (AV-NC) and with antioxidants (α-Lipoic acid LP; Ellagic Acid EA), AV-LP-EA-Nanocomplex has also shown considerable attenuation in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation with a significant increase in the PC 12 viability under HG conditions in comparison to pure AV; (4) conclusion: the nanocomplex of AV prepared to utilize natural polymers and antioxidants aided for high solubility of AV and exhibited desired neuroprotective activity.This can be one of the promisingstrategy to translate the AV nanocomplex with safety and efficacy in treating DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallesh Kurakula
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-901-297-7693
| | - Raghavendra Naveen N.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Sri Adichunchanagiri College of Pharmacy, Adichunchanagiri University, B.G.Nagar 571448, Karnataka, India;
| | - Bhaumik Patel
- Product Development Department, Cure Pharmaceutical Corporation, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA;
| | - Ravi Manne
- Chemtex Environmental Laboratory, Quality Control, and Assurance Department, Port Arthur, TX 77642, USA;
| | - Devang B. Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA;
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17
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The effects of sildenafil on the hippocampal long-term potentiation in male rats. PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.52547/phypha.26.2.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Li YJ, Yang LP, Hou JL, Li XM, Chen L, Zhu JH, Wang QY, Li G, Zhao PY, Liu XH, Shi ZJ. Prenatal Stress Impairs Postnatal Learning and Memory Development via Disturbance of the cGMP-PKG Pathway and Oxidative Phosphorylation in the Hippocampus of Rats. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:158. [PMID: 33013315 PMCID: PMC7509422 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical and animal studies have found that prenatal stress can lead to pathological changes in embryos and fetuses. However, the mechanisms through which this occurs have not been made clear. In the present study, pregnant rats were subjected to chronic psychological stress during gestational days using an improved communication box system, and the changes in behavioral performance and proteins in the hippocampus of offspring were analyzed. It was found that prenatal stress caused postnatal growth retardation and impairment in spatial learning and memory. Furthermore, in isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation-based proteomics analyses, 158 significantly differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were found between the two groups. Further analyses showed that these DEPs are involved in different molecular function categories and participate in several biological processes, such as energy metabolism, learning or memory, and synaptic plasticity. Moreover, the enrichment of pathways showed that the learning and memory impairment was primarily connected with the cyclic guanosine monophosphate–protein kinase G (cGMP–PKG) pathway and oxidative phosphorylation. At the same time, the cGMP level and the expression of PKG protein were significantly decreased, and the neuronal mitochondria appeared to have a swollen and irregular shape in the hippocampus of offspring of stressed rats. These results suggest that the chronic psychological stress that pregnant rats were subjected to during gestational days may have impaired the spatial learning and memory of offspring. This affected the hippocampal oxidative phosphorylation and inhibited the cGMP–PKG pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Li
- Pharmacology Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li-Ping Yang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jun-Lin Hou
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin-Min Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiang-Hui Zhu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qi-Yang Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gai Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pei-Yuan Zhao
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xi-Hong Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhan-Jiang Shi
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
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19
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Gómez Y, Vargas JP, López JC, Portavella M. Inhibition of brain NOS activity impair spatial learning acquisition in fish. Brain Res Bull 2020; 164:29-36. [PMID: 32814090 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide plays a role in the long term potentiation mechanisms produced in the mammalian hippocampus during spatial learning. A great deal of data has demonstrated that the dorsolateral telencephalon of fish could be homologous to the mammalian hippocampus sharing functional similarities. In the present study, we analyzed the role of nitric oxide in spatial learning in teleost fish. In Experiment 1, we studied the effects of the inhibition of telencephalic nitric oxide in goldfish during the acquisition of a spatial task. The results showed that nitric oxide is involved in the learning of a spatial task. Experiment 2 evaluated the effects of the inhibition of telencephalic nitric oxide in goldfish for the retrieval of a learned spatial response. The results indicated that the retrieval of the information previously stored is not dependent of the nitric oxide. The last experiment analyzed the role of the telencephalic nitric oxide in place and cue learning. Results showed a clear impairment in place but not in cue learning. As a whole, these results indicate that fish and mammals, could have a relational memory system mediated by similar biochemical mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Gómez
- Laboratorio de Conducta Animal y Neurociencia, Dpt. Psicología Experimental, Universidad de Sevilla, Camilo Jose Cela s/n., 41018, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan Pedro Vargas
- Laboratorio de Conducta Animal y Neurociencia, Dpt. Psicología Experimental, Universidad de Sevilla, Camilo Jose Cela s/n., 41018, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Juan Carlos López
- Laboratorio de Conducta Animal y Neurociencia, Dpt. Psicología Experimental, Universidad de Sevilla, Camilo Jose Cela s/n., 41018, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manuel Portavella
- Laboratorio de Conducta Animal y Neurociencia, Dpt. Psicología Experimental, Universidad de Sevilla, Camilo Jose Cela s/n., 41018, Sevilla, Spain
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20
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Bhat A, Ray B, Mahalakshmi AM, Tuladhar S, Nandakumar DN, Srinivasan M, Essa MM, Chidambaram SB, Guillemin GJ, Sakharkar MK. Phosphodiesterase-4 enzyme as a therapeutic target in neurological disorders. Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105078. [PMID: 32673703 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterases (PDE) are a diverse family of enzymes (11 isoforms so far identified) responsible for the degradation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) which are involved in several cellular and biochemical functions. Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) is the major isoform within this group and is highly expressed in the mammalian brain. An inverse association between PDE4 and cAMP levels is the key mechanism in various pathophysiological conditions like airway inflammatory diseases-chronic obstruction pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and neurological disorders etc. In 2011, roflumilast, a PDE4 inhibitor (PDE4I) was approved for the treatment of COPD. Subsequently, other PDE4 inhibitors (PDE4Is) like apremilast and crisaborole were approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for psoriasis, atopic dermatitis etc. Due to the adverse effects like unbearable nausea and vomiting, dose intolerance and diarrhoea, PDE4 inhibitors have very less clinical compliance. Efforts are being made to develop allosteric modulation with high specificity to PDE4 isoforms having better efficacy and lesser adverse effects. Interestingly, repositioning PDE4Is towards neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), multiple sclerosis (MS) and sleep disorders, is gaining attention. This review is an attempt to summarize the data on the effects of PDE4 overexpression in neurological disorders and the use of PDE4Is and newer allosteric modulators as therapeutic options. We have also compiled a list of on-going clinical trials on PDE4 inhibitors in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid Bhat
- Dept. of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Bipul Ray
- Dept. of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | | | - Sunanda Tuladhar
- Dept. of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - D N Nandakumar
- Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, 560029, India
| | - Malathi Srinivasan
- Department of Lipid Science, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), CFTRI Campus, Mysuru, 570020, India
| | - Musthafa Mohamed Essa
- Ageing and Dementia Research Group, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, CAMS, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.
| | - Saravana Babu Chidambaram
- Dept. of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India; Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India.
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Neuroinflammation group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| | - Meena Kishore Sakharkar
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107, Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5C9, Canada
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Sini-San Regulates the NO-cGMP-PKG Pathway in the Spinal Dorsal Horn in a Modified Rat Model of Functional Dyspepsia. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:3575231. [PMID: 32328126 PMCID: PMC7150674 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3575231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of Chinese medicine Sini-San (SNS) on visceral hypersensitivity in a rat model of functional dyspepsia (FD), and it explored related underlying mechanisms. The rat model of FD was developed by combining neonatal iodoacetamide (IA) treatment and adult tail-clamping. After SNS treatment, the behavior and electromyographic testing were performed to evaluate the visceromotor responses of rats to gastric distention. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the distribution of iNOS-positive cells in the spinal dorsal horn, while the real-time quantitative PCR and western blot were used for detection of the gene expression of c-fos, iNOS, and GABAb and protein levels of iNOS and GABAb in the spinal dorsal horn, respectively. The protein concentration of cGMP and PKG proteins in the spinal dorsal horn were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In this study, SNS treatment significantly reduced the behavioral score and electromyographic response to graded intragastric distension pressure. The middle-dose of SNS treatment significantly reduced the distribution of iNOS-positive cells in the spinal dorsal horn of FD model rats. The gene expression of c-fos, iNOS, and GABAb and the protein contents of iNOS, GABAb, cGMP, and PKG in the spinal dorsal horn of FD model rats were restored to a normal level by middle-dose of SNS treatment. Our results suggest that Sini-San may alleviate the visceral hypersensitivity in FD model rats via regulation of the NO/cGMP/PKG pathway in the spinal dorsal horn.
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Alexandrescu A, Carew TJ. Postsynaptic effects of Aplysia cysteine-rich neurotrophic factor in the induction of activity-dependent long-term facilitation in Aplysia californica. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 27:124-129. [PMID: 32179654 PMCID: PMC7079570 DOI: 10.1101/lm.051011.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The spatial and temporal coordination of growth factor signaling is critical for both presynaptic and postsynaptic plasticity underlying long-term memory formation. We investigated the spatiotemporal dynamics of Aplysia cysteine-rich neurotrophic factor (ApCRNF) signaling during the induction of activity-dependent long-term facilitation (AD-LTF) at sensory-to-motor neuron synapses that mediate defensive reflexes in Aplysia We found that ApCRNF signaling is required for the induction of AD-LTF, and for training-induced early protein kinase activation and late forms of gene expression, exclusively in postsynaptic neurons. These results support the view that ApCRNF is critically involved in AD-LTF at least in part through postsynaptic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamaria Alexandrescu
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Thomas J Carew
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
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Duarte-Silva E, Filho AJMC, Barichello T, Quevedo J, Macedo D, Peixoto C. Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors: Shedding new light on the darkness of depression? J Affect Disord 2020; 264:138-149. [PMID: 32056743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE5Is) are used to treat erectile dysfunction (ED). Recently, the antidepressant-like effect of PDE5Is was demonstrated in animal models of depression. In clinical settings, PDE5Is were studied only for ED associated depression. Hence, there are no studies evaluating the effects of PDE5Is for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) without ED. In this review article, we aimed to discuss the use of PDE5Is in the context of MDD, highlighting the roles of PDE genes in the development of MDD, the potential mechanisms by which PDE5Is can be beneficial for MDD and the potentials and limitations of PDE5Is repurposing to treat MDD. METHODS We used PubMed (MEDLINE) database to collect the studies cited in this review. Papers written in English language regardless the year of publication were selected. RESULTS A few preclinical studies support the antidepressant-like activity of PDE5Is. Clinical studies in men with ED and depression suggest that PDE5Is improve depressive symptoms. No clinical studies were conducted in subjects suffering from depression without ED. Antidepressant effect of PDE5Is may be explained by multiple mechanisms including inhibition of brain inflammation and modulation of neuroplasticity. LIMITATIONS The low number of preclinical and absence of clinical studies to support the antidepressant effect of PDE5Is. CONCLUSIONS No clinical trial was conducted to date evaluating PDE5Is in depressed patients without ED. PDE5Is' anti-inflammatory and neuroplasticity mechanisms may justify the potential antidepressant effect of these drugs. Despite this, clinical trials evaluating their efficacy in depressed patients need to be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Duarte-Silva
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ-PE), Recife, PE, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biosciences and Biotechnology for Health (PPGBBS), Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Adriano José Maia Chaves Filho
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Barichello
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1941 East Road, Houston, TX 77054, United States; Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina-UNESC, Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.
| | - João Quevedo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1941 East Road, Houston, TX 77054, United States; Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina-UNESC, Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.
| | - Danielle Macedo
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Christina Peixoto
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ-PE), Recife, PE, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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cGMP signaling pathway in hepatic encephalopathy neuroinflammation and cognition. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 79:106082. [PMID: 31869775 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a complex neuropsychiatric syndrome that results from liver failure and is characterized by a wide range of symptoms such as alteration in the sleep-waking cycle, neuromuscular coordination, mood, and cognition. The deregulation of nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)/protein kinase G (PKG) signaling pathway is thought to play an important role in the etiology and progression of neurodegenerative diseases, and several studies pointed that the cGMP signaling is impaired in patients with HE and experimental models of chronic hyperammonemia. This review aimed to briefly present the current knowledge of the cGMP signaling pathways in neuroinflammation, neurogenesis, and memory in hepatic encephalopathy and its potential therapeutic role.
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Kir6.1 Heterozygous Mice Exhibit Aberrant Amygdala-Dependent Cued Fear Memory. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:1622-1635. [PMID: 31808063 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01840-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels are predominantly expressed in the brain and consist of four identical inward-rectifier potassium ion channel subunits (Kir6.1 or Kir6.2) and four identical high-affinity sulfonylurea receptor subunits (SUR1, SUR2A, or SUR2B). We previously observed that chronic corticosterone-treated (CORT) mice exhibited enhanced anxiety-like behaviors and cued fear memory. In the present study, the protein and mRNA expression levels of Kir6.1, but not Kir6.2, were decreased in the lateral amygdala (LA) of CORT mice. Heterozygous Kir6.1-null (Kir6.1+/-) mice also showed enhanced tone (cued) fear memory and long-term potentiation (LTP) in the cortico-LA pathway compared to those in wild-type mice. However, LTP was not enhanced in the hippocampal CA1 regions of Kir6.1+/- mice. Consistent with increased cued fear memory, both Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activities were significantly elevated in the LAs of Kir6.1+/- mice after tone stimulation. Our results indicate that increased CaMKII and ERK activities may induce LTP in the LA in Kir6.1+/- mice, leading to aberrant cued fear memory. The changes in neural plasticity in the LA of Kir6.1+/- mice were associated with anxiety-like behaviors and may be related to the pathogenic mechanisms of anxiety disorders in human patients.
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Li B, Rui J, Ding X, Yang X. Exploring the multicomponent synergy mechanism of Banxia Xiexin Decoction on irritable bowel syndrome by a systems pharmacology strategy. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 233:158-168. [PMID: 30590198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Banxia Xiexin Decoction (BXD) is a representative prescription to regulate spleen and stomach in "Treatise on Febrile Diseases", which has been proven effective for the clinical treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in the past decades. However, the active principles and molecular mechanisms involved in BXD against IBS are vague yet. AIM OF THE STUDY To unfold multicomponent synergy mechanism of BXD on irritable bowel syndrome, this work explored active principles, drug targets and crucial pathways using a systems pharmacology strategy. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, a systems pharmacology based strategy was applied by the procedures integrating compound database construction, ADME evaluation, target identification, functional annotation, pathway enrichment analysis, network analysis, and molecular docking verification. The 158 compounds from BXD were selected for the screening. The Compound-Target network (C-T) and the Target-Pathway network (T-P) were constructed. The bioinformatics and network topology were employed to systematically reveal multicomponent-target interactions of BXD. The affinity between important ingredients and the kernel targets was validated using molecular mechanics simulation. RESULTS The 35 potential important ingredients and the 16 associated kernel targets were identified. 27 crucial pathways, in which the kernel targets participated, could regulate the biological processes, such as synthesis of inflammatory mediators, smooth muscle relaxation and synaptic plasticity, closely related to pathological mechanism of IBS. The cross-talk interactions were revealed between TNF signaling pathway, Dopaminergic synapse and cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, which would exert the synergistic influences on the occurrence and treatment of the IBS. PTGS2, CALM, NOS2, SCN5A, and PRSS1 might become novel drug targets for IBS. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrated that the synergy molecular mechanisms of BXD mainly involved three therapeutic modules including inhibiting inflammatory reaction, maintaining intestinal function and improving psychological regulation via the multicomponent-target interaction networks. It may also provide the promising drug targets and therapeutic agents for the development of new medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangjie Li
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Junqian Rui
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xuejian Ding
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xinghao Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Horton A, Schiefer IT. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nitric oxide mimetic agents. Nitric Oxide 2019; 84:69-78. [PMID: 30641123 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Drug discovery focusing on NO mimetics has been hamstrung due to its unconventional nature. Central to these challenges is the fact that direct measurement of molecular NO in biological systems is exceedingly difficulty. Hence, drug development of NO mimetics must rely upon measurement of the NO donating specie (i.e., a prodrug) and a downstream marker of efficacy without directly measuring the molecule, NO, that is responsible for biological effect. The focus of this review is to catalog in vivo attempts to monitor the pharmacokinetics (PK) of the NO donating specie and the pharmacodynamic (PD) readout of NO bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Horton
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, USA
| | - Isaac T Schiefer
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, USA.
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Hollas MA, Ben Aissa M, Lee SH, Gordon-Blake JM, Thatcher GRJ. Pharmacological manipulation of cGMP and NO/cGMP in CNS drug discovery. Nitric Oxide 2019; 82:59-74. [PMID: 30394348 PMCID: PMC7645969 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of small molecule modulators of NO/cGMP signaling for use in the CNS has lagged far behind the use of such clinical agents in the periphery, despite the central role played by NO/cGMP in learning and memory, and the substantial evidence that this signaling pathway is perturbed in neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. The NO-chimeras, NMZ and Nitrosynapsin, have yielded beneficial and disease-modifying responses in multiple preclinical animal models, acting on GABAA and NMDA receptors, respectively, providing additional mechanisms of action relevant to synaptic and neuronal dysfunction. Several inhibitors of cGMP-specific phosphodiesterases (PDE) have replicated some of the actions of these NO-chimeras in the CNS. There is no evidence that nitrate tolerance is a phenomenon relevant to the CNS actions of NO-chimeras, and studies on nitroglycerin in the periphery continue to challenge the dogma of nitrate tolerance mechanisms. Hybrid nitrates have shown much promise in the periphery and CNS, but to date only one treatment has received FDA approval, for glaucoma. The potential for allosteric modulation of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) in brain disorders has not yet been fully explored nor exploited; whereas multiple applications of PDE inhibitors have been explored and many have stalled in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Hollas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Manel Ben Aissa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Sue H Lee
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Jesse M Gordon-Blake
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Gregory R J Thatcher
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA.
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PDE3 Inhibitors Repurposed as Treatments for Age-Related Cognitive Impairment. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:4306-4316. [PMID: 30311144 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1374-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
As the population of older individuals grows worldwide, researchers have increasingly focused their attention on identifying key molecular targets of age-related cognitive impairments, with the aim of developing possible therapeutic interventions. Two such molecules are the intracellular cyclic nucleotides, cAMP and cGMP. These second messengers mediate fundamental aspects of brain function relevant to memory, learning, and cognitive function. Consequently, phosphodiesterases (PDEs), which hydrolyze cAMP and cGMP, are promising targets for the development of cognition-enhancing drugs. Inhibitors that target PDEs work by elevating intracellular cAMP. In this review, we provide an overview of different PDE inhibitors, and then we focus on pharmacological and physiological effects of PDE3 inhibitors in the CNS and peripheral tissues. Finally, we discuss findings from experimental and preliminary clinical studies and the potential beneficial effects of the PDE3 inhibitor cilostazol on age-related cognitive impairments. In the innovation pipeline of pharmaceutical development, the antiplatelet agent cilostazol has come into the spotlight as a novel treatment for mild cognitive impairment. Overall, the repurposing of cilostazol may represent a potentially promising way to treat mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular dementia. In this review, we present a brief summary of cAMP signaling and different PDE inhibitors, followed by a discussion of the pharmacological and physiological role of PDE3 inhibitors. In this context, we discuss the repurposing of a PDE3 inhibitor, cilostazol, as a potential treatment for age-related cognitive impairment based on recent research.
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PSD95 and nNOS interaction as a novel molecular target to modulate conditioned fear: relevance to PTSD. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:155. [PMID: 30108200 PMCID: PMC6092346 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0208-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulation of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptors (NMDARs) and the resulting increase of nitric oxide (NO) production are critical for fear memory formation. Following NMDAR activation, efficient production of NO requires linking the 95 kDa postsynaptic density protein (PSD95), a scaffolding protein to neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). A variety of previously studied NMDAR antagonists and NOS inhibitors can disrupt fear conditioning, but they also affect many other CNS functions such as motor activity, anxiety, and learning. We hypothesized that disrupting nNOS and PSD95 interaction in the amygdala, a critical site for fear memory formation, will reduce conditioned fear. Our results show that systemic treatment with ZL006, a compound that disrupts PSD95/nNOS binding, attenuates fear memory compared to its inactive isomer ZL007. Co-immunoprecipitation after fear conditioning showed a robust increase in the amygdala PSD95/nNOS binding, which was blocked by systemic pre-administration of ZL006. Treatment of amygdala slices with ZL006 also impaired long-term potentiation (LTP), a cellular signature of synaptic plasticity. Direct intra-amygdala infusion of ZL006 also attenuated conditioned fear. Finally, unlike NMDAR antagonist MK-801, ZL006 does not affect locomotion, social interaction, object recognition memory, and spatial memory. These findings support the hypothesis that disrupting the PSD95/nNOS interaction downstream of NMDARs selectively reduces fear memory, and highlights PSD95/nNOS interaction as a novel target for fear-related disorders, such as posttraumatic stress disorder.
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Lin X, Liu T, Li P, He Z, Zhong Y, Cui H, Luo J, Wang Y, Tang T. iTRAQ-Based Proteomics Analysis Reveals the Effect of Rhubarb in Rats with Ischemic Stroke. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:6920213. [PMID: 30112417 PMCID: PMC6077657 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6920213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background. Rhubarb, a traditional Chinese medicine, promotes viscera and remove blood stasis. Rhubarb is skilled in smoothening meridians, improving blood circulation which exhibits better efficacy on cerebral ischemic stroke. In this study, we aimed to analyze the underlying mechanisms of rhubarb which treated rats of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model according to an iTRAQ-based proteomics and bioinformatics analysis. 30 rats were randomly allocated into three groups including sham group (SG), model group (MG), and rhubarb group (RG). Rhubarb group was given a gavage of rhubarb decoction at dose of 3 g/kg and the remaining groups were prepared with normal saline by gavage. Rats from MG and RG were induced into MCAO model. The effects of rhubarb were estimated by Modified Neurological Severity Score (mNSS) and cerebral infarct volume. The brain tissues were measured via the quantitative proteomic approach of iTRAQ coupled to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Furthermore, the bioinformatics analysis of overlapping differentially expression proteins (DEPs) was conducted by DAVID, KEGG, and Cytoscape. Specific selective DEPs were validated by Western blotting. Rats treated with rhubarb after MCAO showed a significant reduction on mNSS and cerebral infarct volume compared with MG. In MG versus SG and RG versus MG, we identified a total of 4578 proteins, of which 287 were DEPs. There were 76 overlapping DEPs between MG versus SG and RG versus MG. Through bioinformatics analysis, 14 associated pathways were searched including cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, tuberculosis, synaptic vesicle cycle, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, long-term potentiation, and so on. 76 overlapping DEPs mainly involved synaptic vesicle cycling biological processes based on GO annotation. Further, the selective overlapping DEPs were verified at the protein level by using Western blotting. Our present study reveals that rhubarb highlights promising neuroprotective effect. Rhubarb exerts novel therapeutic action via modulating multiple proteins, targets, and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangping Lin
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China
- Department of Gerontology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, 830000 Urumqi, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China
| | - Zehui He
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhong
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China
| | - Hanjin Cui
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China
| | - Jiekun Luo
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China
| | - Tao Tang
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China
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Zhang L, Seo JH, Li H, Nam G, Yang HO. The phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor, KJH-1002, reverses a mouse model of amnesia by activating a cGMP/cAMP response element binding protein pathway and decreasing oxidative damage. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:3347-3360. [PMID: 29847860 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Inhibition of PDE5 improves synaptic plasticity and memory via enhancing cGMP expression, thus activating the cGMP/cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) signalling pathway. This study investigated the effects of a PDE5 inhibitor on scopolamine-induced cognitive dysfunction, using memory-related behavioural tests and biochemical assays. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In mice were pretreated with PDE5 inhibitor, amnesia was induced by scopolamine. The learning and memory abilities of mice were tested using the Morris water maze test, the Y-maze test, the passive avoidance test and the novel object recognition test in sequence. Expression of memory-related bio-molecules and oxidative stress parameters in brain tissue were measured using Western blot and spectrophotometry respectively. KEY RESULTS KJH-1002, a novel and potent inhibitor of PDE5 (IC50 0.059 ± 0.04 nmol·L-1 ), was synthesized. In the behavioural tests, it markedly improved the memory performance impaired by scopolamine, indicating a restoration of cognitive function in the mice. Moreover, KJH-1002 increased cGMP levels in the cortex and the scopolamine-reduced expression of phosphorylated CREB, Levels of ERK 1/2, Akt and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the cortex and hippocampus were restored by KJH-1002 treatment. In addition, KJH-1002 administration increased the activities of SOD, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase, and decreased the level of malondialdehyde. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS KJH-1002 restored cognitive function in scopolamine-induced amnesia mice by activating the cGMP/CREB signalling pathway and attenuating oxidative stress. The beneficial effects of KJH-1002 on cognition indicate its potential as a therapeutic candidate for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zhang
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Korea.,Division of Bio-medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hong Seo
- Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Huan Li
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Korea.,Division of Bio-medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ghilsoo Nam
- Division of Bio-medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Center for Neuro-Medicine, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Ok Yang
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Korea.,Division of Bio-medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Zhai ML, Chen Y, Liu C, Wang JB, Yu YH. Spinal glucocorticoid receptor‑regulated chronic morphine tolerance may be through extracellular signal‑regulated kinase 1/2. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:1074-1080. [PMID: 29845273 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioid use has been limited in the treatment of chronic pain due to their side effects, including analgesic tolerance. Previous studies demonstrated that glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) may be involved in the development of chronic morphine tolerance; however, the mechanism remains unknown. It was hypothesized that the expression of spinal phosphorylated mitogen‑activated protein kinase [MAPK; phosphorylated extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK)] is regulated through the spinal GRs, following chronic treatment with morphine. In the first experiment, the experimental rats were randomly divided into four groups: Control, morphine, morphine+GR antagonist mifepristone (RU38486) and morphine+GR agonist dexamethasone (Dex). Each group was treated with continuous intrathecal (IT) injection of the drugs for 6 days. The expression of GRs and MAPK 3/1 (p‑ERK 1/2) in the spinal dorsal horn was detected by western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining. In the second experiment, the MAPK inhibitor PD98059 was added and the rats were randomly divided into four groups: Control, morphine, PD98059+morphine and PD98059+morphine+Dex. The continuous IT injection lasted for 7 days in each group. For all experiments, the tail flick test was conducted 30 min following administration every day to assess the thermal hyperalgesia of the rats. The experimental results demonstrated that there was a co‑existence of GRs and p‑ERK 1/2 in the spinal cord dorsal horn by double immunofluorescence staining. The GR antagonist RU38486 attenuated the morphine analgesia tolerance by inhibiting the expression of GR and increasing the expression of p‑ERK. The MAPK inhibitor PD98059 increased the effect of morphine tolerance and prolonged the duration of morphine tolerance. The present results suggest that spinal GRs may serve an important role in the development of morphine tolerance through the ERK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Li Zhai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Center Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Central Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin 300100, P.R. China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, The Fourth Central Hospital Affiliated to Nankai University, Tianjin 300140, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Bo Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Center Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Central Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin 300100, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Hao Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
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Horton A, Nash K, Tackie-Yarboi E, Kostrevski A, Novak A, Raghavan A, Tulsulkar J, Alhadidi Q, Wamer N, Langenderfer B, Royster K, Ducharme M, Hagood K, Post M, Shah ZA, Schiefer IT. Furoxans (Oxadiazole-4 N-oxides) with Attenuated Reactivity are Neuroprotective, Cross the Blood Brain Barrier, and Improve Passive Avoidance Memory. J Med Chem 2018; 61:4593-4607. [PMID: 29683322 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) mimetics and other agents capable of enhancing NO/cGMP signaling have demonstrated efficacy as potential therapies for Alzheimer's disease. A group of thiol-dependent NO mimetics known as furoxans may be designed to exhibit attenuated reactivity to provide slow onset NO effects. The present study describes the design, synthesis, and evaluation of a furoxan library resulting in the identification of a prototype furoxan, 5a, which was profiled for use in the central nervous system. Furoxan 5a demonstrated negligible reactivity toward generic cellular thiols under physiological conditions. Nonetheless, cGMP-dependent neuroprotection was observed, and 5a (20 mg/kg) reversed cholinergic memory deficits in a mouse model of passive avoidance fear memory. Importantly, 5a can be prepared as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and is observed in the brain 12 h after oral administration, suggesting potential for daily dosing and excellent metabolic stability. Continued investigation into furoxans as attenuated NO mimetics for the CNS is warranted.
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Saberi Firouzi S, Namazi Sarvestani N, Bakhtiarian A, Ghazi Khansari M, Karimi MY, Ranjbar A, Safa M, Hosseini A. Sildenafil protective effects on high glucose-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells: the role of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation pathways in an in vitro cellular model for diabetic neuropathy. Neurol Res 2018; 40:624-636. [PMID: 29623781 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2018.1458813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Diabetic neuropathy (DN) induces lifetime disability and there is currently no effective therapy to treat or to minimize patients suffering, so it is thereby imperative to develop therapeutic strategies for this disease. Since oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, and inflammation are crucial mechanisms in development and progression of DN, it is important to explore tools by which one can reduce factors related to these pathways. Herein, the understandings of the sildenafil neuroprotective effect through increase of cGMP level and the mediation of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation pathways on neurotoxicity induced by high glucose (HG) in PC12 cells as an in vitro cellular model for DN were investigated. Methods We reported that the PC12 cells pre-treatment with sildenafil (0.008 μM) for 60 min and then exposing the cells to HG (25 mM for 72 h) or normal glucose (NG) (5 mM for 72 h) condition, show: Results (1) significant attenuation in reactive oxygen species, MDA and TNF-a levels, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, expression of caspase 3 and UCP2 proteins; (2) significant increase in viability, GSH/GSSG ratio, mitochondrial membrane potential, and ATP levels. Conclusion All these data together led us to propose neuroprotective effect of sildenafil is probably through its antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory activities. Of course, further studies are required to explain the underlying mechanism of the sildenafil effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeedeh Saberi Firouzi
- a Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Nazanin Namazi Sarvestani
- b Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, Department of Science , University of Tehran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Azam Bakhtiarian
- a Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mahmoud Ghazi Khansari
- a Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | | | - Akram Ranjbar
- d Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy , Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran
| | - Majid Safa
- e Faculty of Allied Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Research Center and Department of Hematology and blood banking , Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Asieh Hosseini
- c Razi Drug Research Center , Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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Danger Changes the Way the Mammalian Brain Stores Information About Innocuous Events: A Study of Sensory Preconditioning in Rats. eNeuro 2018; 5:eN-NWR-0381-17. [PMID: 29464195 PMCID: PMC5815846 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0381-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The amygdala is a critical substrate for learning about cues that signal danger. Less is known about its role in processing innocuous or background information. The present study addressed this question using a sensory preconditioning protocol in male rats. In each experiment, rats were exposed to pairings of two innocuous stimuli in stage 1, S2 and S1, and then to pairings of S1 and shock in stage 2. As a consequence of this training, control rats displayed defensive reactions (freezing) when tested with both S2 and S1. The freezing to S2 is a product of two associations formed in training: an S2-S1 association in stage 1 and an S1-shock association in stage 2. We examined the roles of two medial temporal lobe (MTL) structures in consolidation of the S2-S1 association: the perirhinal cortex (PRh) and basolateral complex of the amygdala (BLA). When the S2-S1 association formed in a safe context, its consolidation required neuronal activity in the PRh (but not BLA), including activation of AMPA receptors and MAPK signaling. In contrast, when the S2-S1 association formed in a dangerous context, or when the context was rendered dangerous immediately after the association had formed, its consolidation required neuronal activity in the BLA (but not PRh), including activation of AMPA receptors and MAPK signaling. These roles of the PRh and BLA show that danger changes the way the mammalian brain stores information about innocuous events. They are discussed with respect to danger-induced changes in stimulus processing.
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A genome-wide gene-by-trauma interaction study of alcohol misuse in two independent cohorts identifies PRKG1 as a risk locus. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:154-160. [PMID: 28265120 PMCID: PMC5589475 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic life experiences are associated with alcohol use problems, an association that is likely to be moderated by genetic predisposition. To understand these interactions, we conducted a gene-by-environment genome-wide interaction study (GEWIS) of alcohol use problems in two independent samples, the Army STARRS (STARRS, N=16 361) and the Yale-Penn (N=8084) cohorts. Because the two cohorts were assessed using different instruments, we derived separate dimensional alcohol misuse scales and applied a proxy-phenotype study design. In African-American subjects, we identified an interaction of PRKG1 rs1729578 with trauma exposure in the STARRS cohort and replicated its interaction with trauma exposure in the Yale-Penn cohort (discovery-replication meta-analysis: z=5.64, P=1.69 × 10-8). PRKG1 encodes cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase 1, which is involved in learning, memory and circadian rhythm regulation. Considering the loci identified in stage-1 that showed same effect directions in stage-2, the gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed several significant results, including calcium-activated potassium channels (GO:0016286; P=2.30 × 10-5), cognition (GO:0050890; P=1.90 × 10-6), locomotion (GO:0040011; P=6.70 × 10-5) and Stat3 protein regulation (GO:0042517; P=6.4 × 10-5). To our knowledge, this is the largest GEWIS performed in psychiatric genetics, and the first GEWIS examining risk for alcohol misuse. Our results add to a growing body of literature highlighting the dynamic impact of experience on individual genetic risk.
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Yanai S, Ito H, Endo S. Long-term cilostazol administration prevents age-related decline of hippocampus-dependent memory in mice. Neuropharmacology 2017; 129:57-68. [PMID: 29122629 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are enzymes that hydrolyze and inactivate 3', 5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and/or 3', 5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). The regulation of intracellular signaling pathways mediated by cyclic nucleotides is imperative to synaptic plasticity and memory in animals. Because PDEs play an important role in this regulation, PDE inhibitors are considered as candidate compounds for treating cognitive and memory disorders. In the present study, we tested whether cilostazol, a selective PDE3 inhibitor, prevents the cognitive deterioration that occurs during the course of normal aging in mice. Ten months of cilostazol administration (1.5%) in 13-month-old mice improved spatial memory when tested at 23 months of age. First, it prevented the decline in the ability of these aged mice to recognize a change in an object's location in the object recognition task. Second, spatial memory of these cilostazol-treated aged mice in the Morris water maze was comparable to that of untreated middle-aged mice (13 months old). Cilostazol administration had no effect on the emotional states and physical ability of aged mice. Thus, long-term cilostazol administration prevented hippocampus-dependent memory decline in aged mice, allowing them to achieve a level of cognitive performance similar to middle-aged mice and without negative behavioral side effects. Considering its well-established safety in other medical contexts, cilostazol may be a potential therapeutic candidate drug for staving off cognitive decline in the aging human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Yanai
- Aging Neuroscience Research Team, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Hideki Ito
- Department of CNS Research, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokushima, 771-0192, Japan
| | - Shogo Endo
- Aging Neuroscience Research Team, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.
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Influence of cued-fear conditioning and its impairment on NREM sleep. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2017; 144:155-165. [PMID: 28733208 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Many studies suggest that fear conditioning influences sleep. It is, however, not known if the changes in sleep architecture after fear conditioning are essentially associated with the consolidation of fearful memory or with fear itself. Here, we have observed that within sleep, NREM sleep consistently remained augmented after the consolidation of cued fear-conditioned memory. But a similar change did not occur after impairing memory consolidation by blocking new protein synthesis and glutamate transmission between glial-neuronal loop in the lateral amygdala (LA). Anisomycin (a protein synthesis inhibitor) and DL-α-amino-adipic acid (DL- α -AA) (a glial glutamine synthetase enzyme inhibitor) were microinjected into the LA soon after cued fear-conditioning to induce memory impairment. On the post-conditioning day, animals in both the groups exhibited significantly less freezing. In memory-consolidated groups (vehicle groups), NREM sleep significantly increased during 2nd to 5th hours after training compared to their baseline days. However, in memory impaired groups (anisomycin and DL- α -AA microinjected groups), similar changes were not observed. Our results thus suggest that changes in sleep architecture after cued fear-conditioning are indeed a consolidation dependent event.
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Alvarado BA, Lemus M, Montero S, Melnikov V, Luquín S, García-Estrada J, Roces de Álvarez-Buylla E. Nitric oxide in the nucleus of the tractus solitarius is involved in hypoglycemic conditioned response. Brain Res 2017; 1667:19-27. [PMID: 28483509 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The repeated injection of insulin (unconditioned stimulus, UCS) immediately followed by exposure to sensory stimulation (e.g. sound or odor; conditioned stimulus, CS) results in a learned conditioned reflex in which the exposure to the CS alone lowers blood glucose. The brain regions participating in this hypoglycemic Pavlovian response remain unknown. Here we investigate if nitric oxide (NO) in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), a nucleus known to be involved in glucose homeostasis, participates in this hypoglycemic reflex. Insulin injections (UCS) were paired with exposure to menthol odor (CS). After 8-10 reinforcements (4-5days training), rats acquire the learned hypoglycemic response. An increase in c-Fos expression was observed in the NTS, the ventrolateral hypothalamic nucleus (VLH) and other brain regions of conditioned rats. Microinjections of 3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'furyl)-1-benzyl indazole (YC-1) a stimulator of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) into NTS before the UCS accelerated the acquisition of the learned hypoglycemic response; 5-6 reinforcement produced pronounced glucose drop when exposed to the CS. In contrast, an inhibitor of NO synthase (NOS) Nω-Nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) in the NTS prolonged the required training period (11-15 reinforcements) to obtain the hypoglycemic reflex, and reduced the glycemic response. The number of c-Fos expressing cells in the NTS and VLH in rats receiving YC-1was significantly higher than that observed in rats receiving L-NAME. These findings suggest that NO-cGMP-PKG signaling in the NTS can modify the acquisition of conditioned hypoglycemia, and suggests that this nucleus directly participates in this reflex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz A Alvarado
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, University Center of Biomedical Research, Colima University, Colima, Mexico
| | - Mónica Lemus
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, University Center of Biomedical Research, Colima University, Colima, Mexico
| | - Sergio Montero
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, University Center of Biomedical Research, Colima University, Colima, Mexico; Faculty of Medicine, Colima University, Colima, Mexico
| | | | - Sonia Luquín
- Department of Neurosciences, University Center of Health Sciences, Guadalajara University, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Joaquín García-Estrada
- Department of Neurosciences, University Center of Health Sciences, Guadalajara University, Guadalajara, Mexico
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An epigenome-wide DNA methylation study of PTSD and depression in World Trade Center responders. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1158. [PMID: 28654093 PMCID: PMC5537648 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) have been inconsistent. This may be due to small sample sizes, and measurement and tissue differences. The current two EWA analyses of 473 World Trade Center responders are the largest to date for both PTSD and MDD. These analyses investigated DNA methylation patterns and biological pathways influenced by differentially methylated genes associated with each disorder. Methylation was profiled on blood samples using Illumina 450 K Beadchip. Two EWA analyses compared current versus never PTSD, and current versus never MDD, adjusting for cell types and demographic confounders. Pathway and gene set enrichment analyses were performed to understand the complex biological systems of PTSD and MDD. No significant epigenome-wide associations were found for PTSD or MDD at an FDR P<0.05. The majority of genes with differential methylation at a suggestive threshold did not overlap between the two disorders. Pathways significant in PTSD included a regulator of synaptic plasticity, oxytocin signaling, cholinergic synapse and inflammatory disease pathways, while only phosphatidylinositol signaling and cell cycle pathways emerged in MDD. The failure of the current EWA analyses to detect significant epigenome-wide associations is in contrast with disparate findings from previous, smaller EWA and candidate gene studies of PTSD and MDD. Enriched gene sets involved in several biological pathways, including stress response, inflammation and physical health, were identified in PTSD, supporting the view that multiple genes play a role in this complex disorder.
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Yanai S, Toyohara J, Ishiwata K, Ito H, Endo S. Long-term cilostazol administration ameliorates memory decline in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) through a dual effect on cAMP and blood-brain barrier. Neuropharmacology 2016; 116:247-259. [PMID: 27979612 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterases (PDEs), which hydrolyze and inactivate 3', 5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and 3', 5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), play an important role in synaptic plasticity that underlies memory. Recently, several PDE inhibitors were assessed for their possible therapeutic efficacy in treating cognitive disorders. Here, we examined how cilostazol, a selective PDE3 inhibitor, affects brain functions in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8), an animal model of age-related cognitive impairment. Long-term administration of cilostazol restored the impaired context-dependent conditioned fear memory of SAMP8 to match that in normal aging control substrain SAMR1. Cilostazol also increased the number of cells containing phosphorylated cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB), a downstream component of the cAMP pathway. Finally, cilostazol improves blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, demonstrated by reduced extravasation of 2-deoxy-2-18F-fluoro-d-glucose and Evans Blue dye in the brains of SAMP8. This improvement in BBB integrity was associated with an increased amount of zona occludens protein 1 (ZO-1) and occludin proteins, components of tight junctions integral to the BBB. The results suggest that long-term administration of cilostazol exerts its beneficial effects on age-related cognitive impairment through a dual mechanism: by enhancing the cAMP system in the brain and by maintaining or improving BBB integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Yanai
- Aging Neuroscience Research Team, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Jun Toyohara
- Research Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Kiichi Ishiwata
- Research Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan; Institute of Cyclotron and Drug Discovery Research, Southern TOHOKU Research Institute for Neuroscience, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8052, Japan; Department of Biofunctional Imaging, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Hideki Ito
- Department of CNS Research, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokushima 771-0192, Japan
| | - Shogo Endo
- Aging Neuroscience Research Team, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.
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Chen W, Yan M, Wang Y, Wang X, Yuan J, Li M. Effects of 7-nitroindazole, a selective neural nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, on context-shock associative learning in a two-process contextual fear conditioning paradigm. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2016; 134 Pt B:287-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2016.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Li XH, Deng YY, Li F, Shi JS, Gong QH. Neuroprotective effects of sodium hydrosulfide against β-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:1152-60. [PMID: 27511125 PMCID: PMC5029968 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is known to be caused by the accumulation of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ). The accumulation of Aβ has been shown to cause learning and memory impairment in rats, and it has been shown that hydrogen sulfide donors, such as sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) can attenuate these effects. However, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been fully eludicated. This study was designed to investigate whether NaHS attenuates the inflammation and apoptosis induced by Aβ. We demonstrated that NaHS attenuated Aβ25–35-induced neuronal reduction and apoptosis, and inhibited the activation of pro-caspase-3. It also decreased the protein expresion of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) in the hippocampus of the rats. In addition, NaHS upregulated the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α and PPAR-γ, but it did not affect the expression of PPAR-β. Moreover, the Aβ25–35-exposed rats exhibited a decrease in IκB-α degradation and an increase in nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 phosphorylation levels, whereas these effects were attenuated by NaHS. Our data suggest that NaHS prevents Aβ-induced neurotoxicity via the upregulation of PPAR-α and PPAR-γ and the inhibition of PDE5. Hence NaHS may prove to be beneficial in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Deng
- Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Shan Shi
- Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Hai Gong
- Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
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Kim S, Pick JE, Abera S, Khatri L, Ferreira DDP, Sathler MF, Morison SL, Hofmann F, Ziff EB. Brain region-specific effects of cGMP-dependent kinase II knockout on AMPA receptor trafficking and animal behavior. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 23:435-41. [PMID: 27421896 PMCID: PMC4947234 DOI: 10.1101/lm.042960.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of GluA1, a subunit of AMPA receptors (AMPARs), is critical for AMPAR synaptic trafficking and control of synaptic transmission. cGMP-dependent protein kinase II (cGKII) mediates this phosphorylation, and cGKII knockout (KO) affects GluA1 phosphorylation and alters animal behavior. Notably, GluA1 phosphorylation in the KO hippocampus is increased as a functional compensation for gene deletion, while such compensation is absent in the prefrontal cortex. Thus, there are brain region-specific effects of cGKII KO on AMPAR trafficking, which could affect animal behavior. Here, we show that GluA1 phosphorylation levels differ in various brain regions, and specific behaviors are altered according to region-specific changes in GluA1 phosphorylation. Moreover, we identified distinct regulations of phosphatases in different brain regions, leading to regional heterogeneity of GluA1 phosphorylation in the KO brain. Our work demonstrates region-specific changes in GluA1 phosphorylation in cGKII KO mice and corresponding effects on cognitive performance. We also reveal distinct regulation of phosphatases in different brain region in which region-specific effects of kinase gene KO arise and can selectively alter animal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonil Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York 10016, New York, USA
| | - Joseph E Pick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York 10016, New York, USA
| | - Sinedu Abera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York 10016, New York, USA
| | - Latika Khatri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York 10016, New York, USA
| | - Danielle D P Ferreira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York 10016, New York, USA Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Matheus F Sathler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York 10016, New York, USA Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Sage L Morison
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York 10016, New York, USA Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York 10012, USA
| | - Franz Hofmann
- Technical University of Munich, Munich 80802, Germany
| | - Edward B Ziff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York 10016, New York, USA
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Shariatpanahi M, Khodagholi F, Ashabi G, Bonakdar Yazdi B, Hassani S, Azami K, Abdollahi M, Noorbakhsh F, Taghizadeh G, Sharifzadeh M. The involvement of protein kinase G inhibitor in regulation of apoptosis and autophagy markers in spatial memory deficit induced by Aβ. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2016; 30:364-75. [DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Shariatpanahi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology; Faculty of Pharmacy; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- NeuroBiology Research Center; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
- Neuroscience Research Center; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Ghorbangol Ashabi
- Department of Physiology; Physiology Research Center; School of Medicine; Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences; Ahvaz Iran
| | - Behnoosh Bonakdar Yazdi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology; Faculty of Pharmacy; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Shokoufeh Hassani
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology; Faculty of Pharmacy; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Kian Azami
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology; Faculty of Pharmacy; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology; Faculty of Pharmacy; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Farshid Noorbakhsh
- Department of Immunology; Faculty of Medicine; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Ghorban Taghizadeh
- Department of Neuroscience; Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology in Medicine; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Sharifzadeh
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology; Faculty of Pharmacy; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
- Department of Neuroscience; Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology in Medicine; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
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Liddie S, Itzhak Y. Variations in the stimulus salience of cocaine reward influences drug-associated contextual memory. Addict Biol 2016; 21:242-54. [PMID: 25351485 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Drugs of abuse act as reinforcers because they influence learning and memory processes resulting in long-term memory of drug reward. We have previously shown that mice conditioned by fixed daily dose of cocaine (Fix-C) or daily escalating doses of cocaine (Esc-C) resulted in short- and long-term persistence of drug memory, respectively, suggesting different mechanisms in acquisition of cocaine memory. The present study was undertaken to investigate the differential contribution of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) subunits in the formation of Fix-C and Esc-C memory in C57BL/6J mice. Training by Esc-C resulted in marked elevation in hippocampal expression of Grin2b mRNA and NR2B protein levels compared with training by Fix-C. The NR2B-containing NMDAR antagonist ifenprodil had similar attenuating effects on acquisition and reconsolidation of Fix-C and Esc-C memory. However, the NMDAR antagonist MK-801 had differential effects: (1) higher doses of MK-801 were required for post-retrieval disruption of reconsolidation of Esc-C memory than Fix-C memory; and (2) pre-retrieval MK-801 inhibited extinction of Fix-C memory but it had no effect on Esc-C memory. In addition, blockade of NMDAR downstream signaling pathways also showed differential regulation of Fix-C and Esc-C memory. Inhibition of neuronal nitric oxide synthase attenuated acquisition and disrupted reconsolidation of Fix-C but not Esc-C memory. In contrast, the mitogen-activating extracellular kinase inhibitor SL327 attenuated reconsolidation of Esc-C but not Fix-C memory. These results suggest that NMDAR downstream signaling molecules associated with consolidation and reconsolidation of cocaine-associated memory may vary upon changes in the salience of cocaine reward during conditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shervin Liddie
- Division of Neuroscience; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami FL USA
| | - Yossef Itzhak
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami FL USA
- Division of Neuroscience; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami FL USA
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Ashley-Koch AE, Garrett ME, Gibson J, Liu Y, Dennis MF, Kimbrel NA, Beckham JC, Hauser MA. Genome-wide association study of posttraumatic stress disorder in a cohort of Iraq-Afghanistan era veterans. J Affect Disord 2015; 184:225-34. [PMID: 26114229 PMCID: PMC4697755 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder that can develop after experiencing traumatic events. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) design was used to identify genetic risk factors for PTSD within a multi-racial sample primarily composed of U.S. veterans. METHODS Participants were recruited at multiple medical centers, and structured interviews were used to establish diagnoses. Genotypes were generated using three Illumina platforms and imputed with global reference data to create a common set of SNPs. SNPs that increased risk for PTSD were identified with logistic regression, while controlling for gender, trauma severity, and population substructure. Analyses were run separately in non-Hispanic black (NHB; n = 949) and non-Hispanic white (NHW; n = 759) participants. Meta-analysis was used to combine results from the two subsets. RESULTS SNPs within several interesting candidate genes were nominally significant. Within the NHB subset, the most significant genes were UNC13C and DSCAM. Within the NHW subset, the most significant genes were TBC1D2, SDC2 and PCDH7. In addition, PRKG1 and DDX60L were identified through meta-analysis. The top genes for the three analyses have been previously implicated in neurologic processes consistent with a role in PTSD. Pathway analysis of the top genes identified alternative splicing as the top GO term in all three analyses (FDR q < 3.5 × 10(-5)). LIMITATIONS No individual SNPs met genome-wide significance in the analyses. CONCLUSIONS This multi-racial PTSD GWAS identified biologically plausible candidate genes and suggests that post-transcriptional regulation may be important to the pathology of PTSD; however, replication of these findings is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jason Gibson
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Yutao Liu
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Michelle F. Dennis
- Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC,The VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Durham, NC,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Nathan A. Kimbrel
- Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC,The VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Durham, NC,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | | | - Jean C. Beckham
- Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC,The VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Durham, NC,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
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Peixoto CA, Nunes AKS, Garcia-Osta A. Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors: Action on the Signaling Pathways of Neuroinflammation, Neurodegeneration, and Cognition. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:940207. [PMID: 26770022 PMCID: PMC4681825 DOI: 10.1155/2015/940207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5-Is) have recently emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy for neuroinflammatory, neurodegenerative, and memory loss diseases. Mechanistically, PDE5-Is produce an anti-inflammatory and neuroprotection effect by increasing expression of nitric oxide synthases and accumulation of cGMP and activating protein kinase G (PKG), the signaling pathway of which is thought to play an important role in the development of several neurodiseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of this paper was to review present knowledge of the signaling pathways that underlie the use of PDE5-Is in neuroinflammation, neurogenesis, learning, and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Alves Peixoto
- 1Laboratório de Ultraestrutura, Centro de Pesquisa Aggeu Magalhães (FIOCRUZ), 50.740-465 Recife, PE, Brazil
- *Christina Alves Peixoto:
| | - Ana Karolina Santana Nunes
- 1Laboratório de Ultraestrutura, Centro de Pesquisa Aggeu Magalhães (FIOCRUZ), 50.740-465 Recife, PE, Brazil
- 2Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50.670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Ana Garcia-Osta
- 3Neurobiology of Alzheimer's disease, Neurosciences Division, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Lu Y, Hu J, Sun W, Duan X, Chen X. Nitric oxide signaling pathway activation inhibits the immune escape of pancreatic carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2014; 8:2371-2378. [PMID: 25364398 PMCID: PMC4214498 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the nitric oxide signaling pathway on immune escape; thus, a tumorigenesis model was established using nude mice. The mice were inoculated with pancreatic carcinoma cells and divided into two groups, a glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) and a placebo group. When tumor volumes reached 150 mm3, the mice in the GTN group were treated with GTN transdermal patches (dose, 7.3 μg/h) while the mice in the placebo group were administered untreated patches. Following treatment, the tumor volume was recorded every 3-4 days and after 28 days, the tumors were analyzed. The results indicated that GTN treatment may reduce the levels of soluble major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related molecules, and natural killer group 2 member D, as well as inhibiting tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yebin Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Juanjuan Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Weijia Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Duan
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Xiong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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