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Examination of Longitudinal Alterations in Alzheimer’s Disease-Related Neurogenesis in an APP/PS1 Transgenic Mouse Model, and the Effects of P33, a Putative Neuroprotective Agent Thereon. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810364. [PMID: 36142277 PMCID: PMC9499399 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis plays a crucial role in cognitive processes. During aging and in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), altered neurogenesis and neuroinflammation are evident both in C57BL/6J, APPSwe/PS1dE9 (Tg) mice and humans. AD pathology may slow down upon drug treatment, for example, in a previous study of our group P33, a putative neuroprotective agent was found to exert advantageous effects on the elevated levels of APP, Aβ, and neuroinflammation. In the present study, we aimed to examine longitudinal alterations in neurogenesis, neuroinflammation and AD pathology in a transgenic (Tg) mouse model, and assessed the putative beneficial effects of long-term P33 treatment on AD-specific neurological alterations. Hippocampal cell proliferation and differentiation were significantly reduced between 8 and 12 months of age. Regarding neuroinflammation, significantly elevated astrogliosis and microglial activation were observed in 6- to 7-month-old Tg animals. The amounts of the molecules involved in the amyloidogenic pathway were altered from 4 months of age in Tg animals. P33-treatment led to significantly increased neurogenesis in 9-month-old animals. Our data support the hypothesis that altered neurogenesis may be a consequence of AD pathology. Based on our findings in the transgenic animal model, early pharmacological treatment before the manifestation of AD symptoms might ameliorate neurological decline.
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2
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McLean JW, Bhattrai A, Vitali F, Raikes AC, Wiegand JPL, Brinton RD. Contributions of sex and genotype to exploratory behavior differences in an aged humanized APOE mouse model of late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Learn Mem 2022; 29:321-331. [PMID: 36206387 PMCID: PMC9488030 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053588.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Age, genetics, and chromosomal sex have been identified as critical risk factors for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). The predominant genetic risk factor for LOAD is the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE4), and the prevalence of LOAD is higher in females. However, the translational validity of APOE4 mouse models for AD-related cognitive impairment remains to be fully determined. The present study investigated the role of both sex and genotype on learning and memory in aged, humanized APOE knock-in mice. Aged (23.27 mo ± 1.21 mo; 39 male/37 female) APOE3/3, APOE3/4, and APOE4/4 mice performed a novel object recognition (NOR) assay. Task-related metrics were analyzed using two-way sex by genotype ANOVAs. Sex differences were more prominent relative to APOE genotype. Prior to NOR, female mice exhibited thigmotaxic center zone avoidance during the open field task relative to males, regardless of genotype. Within object familiarization and NOR tasks, females had greater object interaction and locomotion. Interestingly, only APOE4/4 females on average recognized the novel object. These results suggest that APOE4, although strongly related to LOAD pathogenesis, does not drive cognitive decline in the absence of other risk factors even in very aged mice. Chromosomal sex is a key driver of behavioral phenotypes and thus is a critical variable for translatability of interventions designed to preserve learning and memory in animal models of LOAD. Last, there was a very high degree of variability in behavioral performance across APOE genotypes. A cluster analysis of the behavioral data revealed a low-activity and a high-activity cluster. APOE4 carriers were overrepresented in the low-activity cluster, while male:female distributions did not differ. Collectively, the behavioral data indicate that chromosomal sex has the greatest impact on behavioral phenotype, and APOE4 carrier status may confer greater risk for cognitive decline in some animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W McLean
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
- Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Avnish Bhattrai
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, USA
| | - Francesca Vitali
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Adam C Raikes
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Jean-Paul L Wiegand
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Roberta Diaz Brinton
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, USA
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3
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St-Pierre MK, Carrier M, Lau V, Tremblay MÈ. Investigating Microglial Ultrastructural Alterations and Intimate Relationships with Neuronal Stress, Dystrophy, and Degeneration in Mouse Models of Alzheimer's Disease. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2515:29-58. [PMID: 35776344 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2409-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, microglia have taken the field of neuroscience by storm, with numerous studies identifying key roles for these cells in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The heterogeneity of these cells (e.g., the presence of various subtypes like the disease-associated microglia, microglia associated with neurodegeneration, dark microglia, lipid droplet-accumulating microglia), and their ultrastructural alterations arising from environmental challenges have become a central focus of recent studies. Dark microglia are electron-dense cells defined by their ultrastructural markers of cellular stress using electron microscopy (EM). In this protocol, we first describe the steps required for proper brain tissue preparation for EM experiments. Ultrastructural analysis of microglia and neurons/synapses in AD mouse models is also detailed, using transmission or scanning EM. We next explain how to characterize several ultrastructural markers of cellular stress, dystrophy or degeneration, in microglia and neurons/synapses, with relation to amyloid beta plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Kim St-Pierre
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de médecine moléculaire, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Micaël Carrier
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.,Département de neurosciences, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Victor Lau
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.,Department of Biomedical Physiology & Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Axe neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada. .,Département de médecine moléculaire, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada. .,Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada. .,The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada. .,Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria , Victoria, Canada.
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4
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Taxier LR, Philippi SM, York JM, LaDu MJ, Frick KM. The detrimental effects of APOE4 on risk for Alzheimer's disease may result from altered dendritic spine density, synaptic proteins, and estrogen receptor alpha. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 112:74-86. [PMID: 35051676 PMCID: PMC8976726 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Women carriers of APOE4, the greatest genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), are at highest risk of developing AD, yet factors underlying interactions between APOE4 and sex are not well characterized. Here, we examined how sex and APOE3 or APOE4 genotypes modulate object and spatial memory, dendritic spine density and branching, and protein expression in 6-month-old male and female E3FAD and E4FAD mice (APOE+/+/5xFAD+/-). APOE4 negatively impacted object recognition and spatial memory, with male E3FADs exhibiting the best memory across 2 object-based tasks. In both sexes, APOE4 reduced basal dendritic spine density in the medial prefrontal cortex and dorsal hippocampus. APOE4 reduced dorsal hippocampal levels of PDS-95, synaptophysin, and phospho-CREB, yet increased levels of ERα. E4FAD females exhibited strikingly increased GFAP levels, in addition to the lowest levels of PSD-95 and pCREB. Overall, our results suggest that APOE4 negatively impacts object memory, dendritic spine density, and levels of hippocampal synaptic proteins and ERα. However, the general lack of sex differences or sex by genotype interactions suggests that the sex-specific effects of APOE4 on AD risk may be related to factors unexplored in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa R Taxier
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee WI, USA
| | - Sarah M Philippi
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee WI, USA
| | - Jason M York
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mary Jo LaDu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Karyn M Frick
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee WI, USA.
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5
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Flintoff J, Kesby JP, Siskind D, Burne TH. Treating cognitive impairment in schizophrenia with GLP-1RAs: an overview of their therapeutic potential. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2021; 30:877-891. [PMID: 34213981 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2021.1951702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Schizophrenia is a neuropsychiatric disorder that affects approximately 1% of individuals worldwide. There are no available medications to treat cognitive impairment in this patient population currently. Preclinical evidence suggests that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) improve cognitive function. There is a need to evaluate how GLP-1 RAs alter specific domains of cognition and whether they will be of therapeutic benefit in individuals with schizophrenia. AREAS COVERED This paper summarizes the effects of GLP-1 RAs on metabolic processes in the brain and how these mechanisms relate to improved cognitive function. We provide an overview of preclinical studies that demonstrate GLP-1 RAs improve cognition and comment on their potential therapeutic benefit in individuals with schizophrenia. EXPERT OPINION To understand the benefits of GLP-1 RAs in individuals with schizophrenia, further preclinical research with rodent models relevant to schizophrenia symptomology are needed. Moreover, preclinical studies must focus on using a wider range of behavioral assays to understand whether important aspects of cognition such as executive function, attention, and goal-directed behavior are improved using GLP-1 RAs. Further research into the specific mechanisms of how GLP-1 RAs affect cognitive function and their interactions with antipsychotic medication commonly prescribed is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Flintoff
- Queensland Brain Institute, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - James P Kesby
- Queensland Brain Institute, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Dan Siskind
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, QLD, Australia.,Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Service, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Thomas Hj Burne
- Queensland Brain Institute, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, QLD, Australia
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6
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Ma Y, McClatchy DB, Martínez-Bartolomé S, Bamberger C, Yates JR. Temporal Quantitative Profiling of Newly Synthesized Proteins during Aβ Accumulation. J Proteome Res 2020; 20:763-775. [PMID: 33147027 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of aggregated amyloid beta (Aβ) in the brain is believed to impair multiple cellular pathways and play a central role in Alzheimer's disease pathology. However, how this process is regulated remains unclear. In theory, measuring protein synthesis is the most direct way to evaluate a cell's response to stimuli, but to date, there have been few reliable methods to do this. To identify the protein regulatory network during the development of Aβ deposition in AD, we applied a new proteomic technique to quantitate newly synthesized protein (NSP) changes in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of 2-, 5-, and 9-month-old APP/PS1 AD transgenic mice. This bio-orthogonal noncanonical amino acid tagging analysis combined PALM (pulse azidohomoalanine labeling in mammals) and HILAQ (heavy isotope labeled AHA quantitation) to reveal a comprehensive dataset of NSPs prior to and post Aβ deposition, including the identification of proteins not previously associated with AD, and demonstrated that the pattern of differentially expressed NSPs is age-dependent. We also found dysregulated vesicle transportation networks including endosomal subunits, coat protein complex I (COPI), and mitochondrial respiratory chain throughout all time points and two brain regions. These results point to a pathological dysregulation of vesicle transportation which occurs prior to Aβ accumulation and the onset of AD symptoms, which may progressively impact the entire protein network and thereby drive neurodegeneration. This study illustrates key pathway regulation responses to the development of AD pathogenesis by directly measuring the changes in protein synthesis and provides unique insights into the mechanisms that underlie AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhui Ma
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Daniel B McClatchy
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Salvador Martínez-Bartolomé
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Casimir Bamberger
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - John R Yates
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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7
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Vegh C, Stokes K, Ma D, Wear D, Cohen J, Ray SD, Pandey S. A Bird's-Eye View of the Multiple Biochemical Mechanisms that Propel Pathology of Alzheimer's Disease: Recent Advances and Mechanistic Perspectives on How to Halt the Disease Progression Targeting Multiple Pathways. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 69:631-649. [PMID: 31127770 PMCID: PMC6598003 DOI: 10.3233/jad-181230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurons consume the highest amount of oxygen, depend on oxidative metabolism for energy, and survive for the lifetime of an individual. Therefore, neurons are vulnerable to death caused by oxidative-stress, accumulation of damaged and dysfunctional proteins and organelles. There is an exponential increase in the number of patients diagnosed with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's (AD) as the number of elderly increases exponentially. Development of AD pathology is a complex phenomenon characterized by neuronal death, accumulation of extracellular amyloid-β plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, and most importantly loss of memory and cognition. These pathologies are most likely caused by mechanisms including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction/stress, accumulation of misfolded proteins, and defective organelles due to impaired proteasome and autophagy mechanisms. Currently, there are no effective treatments to halt the progression of this disease. In order to treat this complex disease with multiple biochemical pathways involved, a complex treatment regimen targeting different mechanisms should be investigated. Furthermore, as AD is a progressive disease-causing morbidity over many years, any chemo-modulator for treatment must be used over long period of time. Therefore, treatments must be safe and non-interfering with other processes. Ideally, a treatment like medicinal food or a supplement that can be taken regularly without any side effect capable of reducing oxidative stress, stabilizing mitochondria, activating autophagy or proteasome, and increasing energy levels of neurons would be the best solution. This review summarizes progress in research on different mechanisms of AD development and some of the potential therapeutic development strategies targeting the aforementioned pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Vegh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kyle Stokes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dennis Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Darcy Wear
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jerome Cohen
- Department of Psychology University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sidhartha D Ray
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Touro College of Pharmacy and School of Medicine, Manhattan, NY, USA
| | - Siyaram Pandey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada
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8
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Lazarov O, Minshall RD, Bonini MG. Harnessing neurogenesis in the adult brain-A role in type 2 diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2020; 155:235-269. [PMID: 32854856 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2020.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Some metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are risk factors for the development of cognitive deficits and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Epidemiological studies suggest that in people with T2DM, the risk of developing dementia is 2.5 times higher than that in the non-diabetic population. The signaling pathways that underlie the increased risk and facilitate cognitive deficits are not fully understood. In fact, the cause of memory deficits in AD is not fully elucidated. The dentate gyrus of the hippocampus plays an important role in memory formation. Hippocampal neurogenesis is the generation of new neurons and glia in the adult brain throughout life. New neurons incorporate in the granular cell layer of the dentate gyrus and play a role in learning and memory and hippocampal plasticity. A large body of studies suggests that hippocampal neurogenesis is impaired in mouse models of AD and T2DM. Recent evidence shows that hippocampal neurogenesis is also impaired in human patients exhibiting mild cognitive impairment or AD. This review discusses the role of hippocampal neurogenesis in the development of cognitive deficits and AD, and considers inflammatory and endothelial signaling pathways in T2DM that may compromise hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive function, leading to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orly Lazarov
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
| | - Richard D Minshall
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Marcelo G Bonini
- Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University and Basic Sciences Research, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Chicago, IL, United States
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9
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Lv L, Yang F, Li H, Yuan J. Brain‐targeted co‐delivery of β‐amyloid converting enzyme 1
shRNA
and epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate by multifunctional nanocarriers for Alzheimer's disease treatment. IUBMB Life 2020; 72:1819-1829. [PMID: 32668504 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Lv
- Department of Medical and NursingThe First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryThe First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun China
| | - He Li
- Department of Pain MedicineThe First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun China
| | - Jiuli Yuan
- Department of Medical and NursingThe First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun China
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10
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Dillon GM, Henderson JL, Bao C, Joyce JA, Calhoun M, Amaral B, King KW, Bajrami B, Rabah D. Acute inhibition of the CNS-specific kinase TTBK1 significantly lowers tau phosphorylation at several disease relevant sites. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228771. [PMID: 32255788 PMCID: PMC7138307 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperphosphorylated tau protein is a pathological hallmark of numerous neurodegenerative diseases and the level of tau pathology is correlated with the degree of cognitive impairment. Tau hyper-phosphorylation is thought to be an early initiating event in the cascade leading to tau toxicity and neuronal death. Inhibition of tau phosphorylation therefore represents an attractive therapeutic strategy. However, the widespread expression of most kinases and promiscuity of their substrates, along with poor selectivity of most kinase inhibitors, have resulted in systemic toxicities that have limited the advancement of tau kinase inhibitors into the clinic. We therefore focused on the CNS-specific tau kinase, TTBK1, and investigated whether selective inhibition of this kinase could represent a viable approach to targeting tau phosphorylation in disease. In the current study, we demonstrate that TTBK1 regulates tau phosphorylation using overexpression or knockdown of this kinase in heterologous cells and primary neurons. Importantly, we find that TTBK1-specific phosphorylation of tau leads to a loss of normal protein function including a decrease in tau-tubulin binding and deficits in tubulin polymerization. We then describe the use of a novel, selective small molecule antagonist, BIIB-TTBK1i, to study the acute effects of TTBK1 inhibition on tau phosphorylation in vivo. We demonstrate substantial lowering of tau phosphorylation at multiple sites implicated in disease, suggesting that TTBK1 inhibitors may represent an exciting new approach in the search for neurodegenerative disease therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Channa Bao
- Biogen, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dania Rabah
- Biogen, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
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11
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Zhang H, Cherian R, Jin K. Systemic milieu and age-related deterioration. GeroScience 2019; 41:275-284. [PMID: 31152364 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00075-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a fundamental biological process accompanied by a general decline in tissue function and an increased risk for age-related disease. The risk for cardiovascular, stroke, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases significantly increases with aging, especially in people aged 60 years and older in the USA. Although the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying aging and age-related disease are beginning to be unraveled, the role of the systemic milieu remains unknown. Recent studies have shown that systemic factors in young blood can revise age-related impairments and extend organismal lifespan, suggesting that the systemic milieu contains pro-aging and rejuvenating factors that play a critical role in the health and aging phenotype. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of systemic milieu changes during the aging process and its link to age-related deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Ryan Cherian
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Kunlin Jin
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA.
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12
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Cho WH, Park JC, Jeon WK, Cho J, Han JS. Superior Place Learning of C57BL/6 vs. DBA/2 Mice Following Prior Cued Learning in the Water Maze Depends on Prefrontal Cortical Subregions. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:11. [PMID: 30760989 PMCID: PMC6361835 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The participation of the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus, and dorsal striatum in switching the learning task from cued to place learning were examined in C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice, by assessing changed levels of phosphorylated CREB (pCREB). Mice of both strains first received cued training in a water maze for 4 days (4 trials per day), and were then assigned to one of four groups, one with no place training, and three with different durations of place training (2, 4, or 8 days). Both strains showed equal performance in cued training. After the switch to place training, C57BL/6 mice with 2 or 4 days of training performed significantly better than DBA/2 mice, but their superiority disappeared during the second half of an 8 days-place training period. The pCREB levels of these mice were measured 30 min after place training and compared with those of mice that received only cued training. Changes in pCREB levels of C57BL/6 mice were greater in the hippocampal CA3, hippocampal dentate gyrus, orbitofrontal and medial PFC than those of DBA/2 mice, when mice of both received the switched place training for 2 days. We further investigated the roles of orbitofrontal and medial PFC among these brain regions showing strain differences, by destroying each region using selective neurotoxins. C57BL/6 mice with orbitofrontal lesions were slower to acquire the place learning and continued to use the cued search acquired during the cued training phase. These findings indicate that mouse orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) pCREB is associated with behavioral flexibility such as the ability to switch a learning task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Hyun Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-Cheol Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won Kyung Jeon
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daejeon, South Korea.,Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeiwon Cho
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, South Korea.,Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jung-Soo Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
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13
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Keller G, Binyamin O, Frid K, Saada A, Gabizon R. Mitochondrial dysfunction in preclinical genetic prion disease: A target for preventive treatment? Neurobiol Dis 2018; 124:57-66. [PMID: 30423473 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial malfunction is a common feature in advanced stages of neurodegenerative conditions, as is the case for the accumulation of aberrantly folded proteins, such as PrP in prion diseases. In this work, we investigated mitochondrial activity and expression of related factors vis a vis PrP accumulation at the subclinical stages of TgMHu2ME199K mice, modeling for genetic prion diseases. While these mice remain healthy until 5-6 months of age, they succumb to fatal disease at 12-14 months. We found that mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymatic activates and ATP/ROS production, were abnormally elevated in asymptomatic mice, concomitant with initial accumulation of disease related PrP. In parallel, the expression of Cytochrome c oxidase (COX) subunit IV isoform 1(Cox IV-1) was reduced and replaced by the activity of Cox IV isoform 2, which operates in oxidative neuronal conditions. At all stages of disease, Cox IV-1 was absent from cells accumulating disease related PrP, suggesting that PrP aggregates may directly compromise normal mitochondrial function. Administration of Nano-PSO, a brain targeted antioxidant, to TgMHu2ME199K mice, reversed functional and biochemical mitochondrial functions to normal conditions regardless of the presence of misfolded PrP. Our results therefore indicate that in genetic prion disease, oxidative damage initiates long before clinical manifestations. These manifest only when aggregated PrP levels are too high for the compensatory mechanisms to sustain mitochondrial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Keller
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Israel; Medical School, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Orli Binyamin
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Israel; Medical School, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Kati Frid
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Israel; Medical School, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ann Saada
- Department of Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, The Monique and Jacques Roboh Department of Genetic Research, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Israel; Medical School, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ruth Gabizon
- Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Israel; Medical School, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
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14
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Parikh A, Kathawala K, Li J, Chen C, Shan Z, Cao X, Wang YJ, Garg S, Zhou XF. Self-nanomicellizing solid dispersion of edaravone: part II: in vivo assessment of efficacy against behavior deficits and safety in Alzheimer's disease model. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:2111-2128. [PMID: 30022810 PMCID: PMC6042531 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s161944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder that lacks any disease-modifying drug for the prevention and treatment. Edaravone (EDR), an approved free radical scavenger, has proven to have potential against AD by targeting multiple key pathologies including amyloid-beta (Aβ), tau phosphorylation, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. To enable its oral use, novel edaravone formulation (NEF) was previously developed. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate safety and efficacy of NEF by using in vitro/in vivo disease model. Materials and methods In vitro therapeutic potential of NEF over EDR was studied against the cytotoxicity induced by copper metal ion, H2O2 and Aβ42 oligomer, and cellular uptake on SH-SY5Y695 amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) human neuroblastoma cell line. For in vivo safety and efficacy assessment, totally seven groups of APP/PS1 (five treatment groups, one each as a basal and sham control) and one group of C57BL/6 mice as a positive control for behavior tests were used. Three groups were orally treated for 3 months with NEF at an equivalent dose of EDR 46, 138, and 414 µmol/kg, whereas one group was supplied with each Donepezil (5.27 µM/kg) and Soluplus (amount present in NEF of 414 µmol/kg dose of EDR). Behavior tests were conducted to assess motor function (open-field), anxiety-related behavior (open-field), and cognitive function (novel objective recognition test, Y-maze, and Morris water maze). For the safety assessment, general behavior, adverse effects, and mortality were recorded during the treatment period. Moreover, biochemical, hematological, and morphological parameters were determined. Results Compared to EDR, NEF showed superior cellular uptake and neuroprotective effect in SH-SY5Y695 APP cell line. Furthermore, it showed nontoxicity of NEF up to 414 µM/kg dose of EDR and its potential to reverse AD-like behavior deficits of APP/PS1 mice in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion Our results indicate that oral delivery of NEF holds a promise as a safe and effective therapeutic agent for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Parikh
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia, ;
| | - Krishna Kathawala
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia, ;
| | - Jintao Li
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia, ; .,Neuroscience Institute, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chi Chen
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia, ; .,Central Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhengnan Shan
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia, ;
| | - Xia Cao
- Central Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan-Jiang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, Sichuan, China
| | - Sanjay Garg
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia, ;
| | - Xin-Fu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia, ;
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15
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Sun J, Xie W, Zhu X, Xu M, Liu J. Sulfur Nanoparticles with Novel Morphologies Coupled with Brain-Targeting Peptides RVG as a New Type of Inhibitor Against Metal-Induced Aβ Aggregation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:749-761. [PMID: 29192759 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Functionalized nanomaterials, which have been applied widely to inhibit amyloid-β protein (Aβ) aggregation, show enormous potential in the field of prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). A significant body of data has demonstrated that the morphology and size of nanomaterials have remarkable effects on their biological behaviors. In this work, we proposed and designed three kinds of brain-targeting sulfur nanoparticles (RVG@Met@SNPs) with novel morphologies (volute-like, tadpole-like, and sphere-like) and investigated the effect of different RVG@Met@SNPs on Aβ-Cu2+ complex aggregation and their corresponding neurotoxicity. Among them, the sphere-like nanoparticles (RVG@Met@SS) exhibited the most effective inhibitory activity, due to their unique mini size effect, and they reduced 61.6% the Aβ-Cu2+ complex aggregation and increased 92.4% SH-SY5Y cell viability in a dose of 10 μg/mL. In vitro and in vivo, the abilities of different morphologies of RVG@Met@SNPs to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and target brain parenchymal cells were significantly different. Moreover, improvements in learning disability and cognitive loss were shown in the transgenic AD mice model using the Morris water maze test after multiple doses of RVG@Met@SNPs treatment. In general, the purpose of this research is to develop a biological application of sulfur nanoparticles and to provide a novel functionalized nanomaterial to treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wenjie Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xufeng Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Mengmeng Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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16
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Rajmohan R, Reddy PH. Amyloid-Beta and Phosphorylated Tau Accumulations Cause Abnormalities at Synapses of Alzheimer's disease Neurons. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 57:975-999. [PMID: 27567878 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-beta (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau are hallmark lesions of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the loss of synapses and dysfunctions of neurotransmission are more directly tied to disease severity. The role of these lesions in the pathoetiological progression of the disease remains contested. Biochemical, cellular, molecular, and pathological studies provided several lines of evidence and improved our understanding of how Aβ and hyperphosphorylated tau accumulation may directly harm synapses and alter neurotransmission. In vitro evidence suggests that Aβ and hyperphosphorylated tau have both direct and indirect cytotoxic effects that affect neurotransmission, axonal transport, signaling cascades, organelle function, and immune response in ways that lead to synaptic loss and dysfunctions in neurotransmitter release. Observations in preclinical models and autopsy studies support these findings, suggesting that while the pathoetiology of positive lesions remains elusive, their removal may reduce disease severity and progression. The purpose of this article is to highlight the need for further investigation of the role of tau in disease progression and its interactions with Aβ and neurotransmitters alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Rajmohan
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
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17
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Raha AA, Henderson JW, Stott SRW, Vuono R, Foscarin S, Friedland RP, Zaman SH, Raha-Chowdhury R. Neuroprotective Effect of TREM-2 in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Model. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 55:199-217. [PMID: 27662313 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and activation of innate immunity are early events in neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, a rare mutation in the gene Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) has been associated with a substantial increase in the risk of developing late onset AD. To uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying this association, we investigated the RNA and protein expression of TREM2 in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Our findings suggest that TREM2 not only plays a critical role in inflammation, but is also involved in neuronal cell survival and in neurogenesis. We have shown that TREM2 is a soluble protein transported by macrophages through ventricle walls and choroid plexus, and then enters the brain parenchyma via radial glial cells. TREM2 protein is essential for neuroplasticity and myelination. During the late stages of life, a lack of TREM2 protein may accelerate aging processes and neuronal cell loss and reduce microglial activity, ultimately leading to neuroinflammation. As inflammation plays a major role in neurodegenerative diseases, a lack of TREM2 could be a missing link between immunomodulation and neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Animesh Alexander Raha
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - James W Henderson
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Simon R W Stott
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Romina Vuono
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Simona Foscarin
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Shahid H Zaman
- Cambridge Intellectual & Developmental Disabilities Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ruma Raha-Chowdhury
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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18
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Burchfield JG, Kebede MA, Meoli CC, Stöckli J, Whitworth PT, Wright AL, Hoffman NJ, Minard AY, Ma X, Krycer JR, Nelson ME, Tan SX, Yau B, Thomas KC, Wee NKY, Khor EC, Enriquez RF, Vissel B, Biden TJ, Baldock PA, Hoehn KL, Cantley J, Cooney GJ, James DE, Fazakerley DJ. High dietary fat and sucrose results in an extensive and time-dependent deterioration in health of multiple physiological systems in mice. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:5731-5745. [PMID: 29440390 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with metabolic dysfunction, including insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, and with disorders such as cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and neurodegeneration. Typically, these pathologies are examined in discrete model systems and with limited temporal resolution, and whether these disorders co-occur is therefore unclear. To address this question, here we examined multiple physiological systems in male C57BL/6J mice following prolonged exposure to a high-fat/high-sucrose diet (HFHSD). HFHSD-fed mice rapidly exhibited metabolic alterations, including obesity, hyperleptinemia, physical inactivity, glucose intolerance, peripheral insulin resistance, fasting hyperglycemia, ectopic lipid deposition, and bone deterioration. Prolonged exposure to HFHSD resulted in morbid obesity, ectopic triglyceride deposition in liver and muscle, extensive bone loss, sarcopenia, hyperinsulinemia, and impaired short-term memory. Although many of these defects are typically associated with aging, HFHSD did not alter telomere length in white blood cells, indicating that this diet did not generally promote all aspects of aging. Strikingly, glucose homeostasis was highly dynamic. Glucose intolerance was evident in HFHSD-fed mice after 1 week and was maintained for 24 weeks. Beyond 24 weeks, however, glucose tolerance improved in HFHSD-fed mice, and by 60 weeks, it was indistinguishable from that of chow-fed mice. This improvement coincided with adaptive β-cell hyperplasia and hyperinsulinemia, without changes in insulin sensitivity in muscle or adipose tissue. Assessment of insulin secretion in isolated islets revealed that leptin, which inhibited insulin secretion in the chow-fed mice, potentiated glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in the HFHSD-fed mice after 60 weeks. Overall, the excessive calorie intake was accompanied by deteriorating function of numerous physiological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- James G Burchfield
- From the Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia, and
| | - Melkam A Kebede
- From the Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Christopher C Meoli
- From the Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia, and
| | - Jacqueline Stöckli
- From the Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia, and
| | - P Tess Whitworth
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia, and
| | - Amanda L Wright
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia, and
| | - Nolan J Hoffman
- From the Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia, and
| | - Annabel Y Minard
- From the Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia, and
| | - Xiuquan Ma
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia, and
| | - James R Krycer
- From the Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia, and
| | - Marin E Nelson
- From the Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Shi-Xiong Tan
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia, and
| | - Belinda Yau
- From the Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Kristen C Thomas
- From the Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia, and
| | - Natalie K Y Wee
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia, and
| | - Ee-Cheng Khor
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia, and
| | - Ronaldo F Enriquez
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia, and
| | - Bryce Vissel
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia, and
| | - Trevor J Biden
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia, and
| | - Paul A Baldock
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia, and
| | - Kyle L Hoehn
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia, and
| | - James Cantley
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia, and
| | - Gregory J Cooney
- From the Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - David E James
- From the Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia, .,Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia, and.,Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Daniel J Fazakerley
- From the Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia, and
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19
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Wang C, Saar V, Leung KL, Chen L, Wong G. Human amyloid β peptide and tau co-expression impairs behavior and causes specific gene expression changes in Caenorhabditis elegans. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 109:88-101. [PMID: 28982592 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the presence of extracellular amyloid plaques consisting of Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) aggregates and neurofibrillary tangles formed by aggregation of hyperphosphorylated microtubule-associated protein tau. We generated a novel invertebrate model of AD by crossing Aβ1-42 (strain CL2355) with either pro-aggregating tau (strain BR5270) or anti-aggregating tau (strain BR5271) pan-neuronal expressing transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans. The lifespan and progeny viability of the double transgenic strains were significantly decreased compared with wild type N2 (P<0.0001). In addition, co-expression of these transgenes interfered with neurotransmitter signaling pathways, caused deficits in chemotaxis associative learning, increased protein aggregation visualized by Congo red staining, and increased neuronal loss. Global transcriptomic RNA-seq analysis revealed 248 up- and 805 down-regulated genes in N2 wild type versus Aβ1-42+pro-aggregating tau animals, compared to 293 up- and 295 down-regulated genes in N2 wild type versus Aβ1-42+anti-aggregating tau animals. Gene set enrichment analysis of Aβ1-42+pro-aggregating tau animals uncovered up-regulated annotation clusters UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (5 genes, P<4.2E-4), protein phosphorylation (5 genes, P<2.60E-02), and aging (5 genes, P<8.1E-2) while the down-regulated clusters included nematode cuticle collagen (36 genes, P<1.5E-21). RNA interference of 13 available top up-regulated genes in Aβ1-42+pro-aggregating tau animals revealed that F-box family genes and nep-4 could enhance life span deficits and chemotaxis deficits while Y39G8C.2 (TTBK2) could suppress these behaviors. Comparing the list of regulated genes from C. elegans to the top 60 genes related to human AD confirmed an overlap of 8 genes: patched homolog 1, PTCH1 (ptc-3), the Rab GTPase activating protein, TBC1D16 (tbc-16), the WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing protein 3, WDFY3 (wdfy-3), ADP-ribosylation factor guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2, ARFGEF2 (agef-1), Early B-cell Factor, EBF1 (unc-3), d-amino-acid oxidase, DAO (daao-1), glutamate receptor, metabotropic 1, GRM1 (mgl-2), prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha 2, P4HA2 (dpy-18 and phy-2). Taken together, our C. elegans double transgenic model provides insight on the fundamental neurobiologic processes underlying human AD and recapitulates selected transcriptomic changes observed in human AD brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyin Wang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, 999078, Macau
| | - Valeria Saar
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, 999078, Macau
| | - Ka Lai Leung
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, 999078, Macau
| | - Liang Chen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, 999078, Macau
| | - Garry Wong
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, 999078, Macau.
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20
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Boonruamkaew P, Chonpathompikunlert P, Vong LB, Sakaue S, Tomidokoro Y, Ishii K, Tamaoka A, Nagasaki Y. Chronic treatment with a smart antioxidative nanoparticle for inhibition of amyloid plaque propagation in Tg2576 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28630497 PMCID: PMC5476667 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03411-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess whether our newly developed redox nanoparticle (RNPN) that has antioxidant potential decreases Aβ levels or prevents Aβ aggregation associated with oxidative stress. The transgenic Tg2576 Alzheimer’s disease (AD) mice were used to investigate the effect of chronic ad libitum drinking of RNPN solution for 6 months, including memory and learning functions, antioxidant activity, and amyloid plaque aggregation. The results showed that RNPN-treated mice had significantly attenuated cognitive deficits of both spatial and non-spatial memories, reduced oxidative stress of lipid peroxide, and DNA oxidation. RNPN treatment increased the percent inhibition of superoxide anion and glutathione peroxidase activity, neuronal densities in the cortex and hippocampus, decreased Aβ(1-40), Aβ(1-42) and gamma (γ)-secretase levels, and reduced Aβ plaque observed using immunohistochemistry analysis and thioflavin S staining. Our results suggest that RNPN may be a promising candidate for AD therapy because of its antioxidant properties and reduction in Aβ aggregation, thereby suppressing its adverse side effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phetcharat Boonruamkaew
- Department of Materials Sciences, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan.,School of Pharmacy, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80161, Thailand
| | - Pennapa Chonpathompikunlert
- Department of Materials Sciences, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan.,College of Alternative Medicine, Chandrakasem Rajabhat University, 39/1 Ratchadaphisek Road, Khwaeng Chantharakasem, Chatuchak Districk, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Long Binh Vong
- Department of Materials Sciences, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 702500, Vietnam
| | - Sho Sakaue
- Department of Materials Sciences, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Yasushi Tomidokoro
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ishii
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Akira Tamaoka
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.,Master's School of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Yukio Nagasaki
- Department of Materials Sciences, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan. .,Master's School of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan. .,Satellite Laboratory, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitechtonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Sciences (NIMS), University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan.
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El Ghazi I, Martin BL, Armitage IM. Metallothionein-3 Is a Component of a Multiprotein Complex in the Mouse Brain. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 231:1500-6. [PMID: 17018872 DOI: 10.1177/153537020623100908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metallothlonein (MT)-3, originally called growth inhibitory factor (GIF), was initially identified through its ability to Inhibit the growth of neuronal cells in the presence of brain extract. MT-3 is the brain specific isoform of the MT family whose specific biological activity associates it with neurological disorders. Indeed, studies report that MT-3 is decreased by ~30% in brains of patients with Alzheimer disease (AD). Furthermore, many lines of evidence suggest that MT-3 engages in specific protein interactions. To address this, we conducted Immunoaffinity chromatography experiments using an immobilized anti-mouse MT-3 antibody. We identified five associated proteins from the pool of sixteen recovered using mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry after in-gel trypsin digestion of bands from the affinity chromatography. The proteins identified were: heat shock protein 84 (HSP84), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), dihydropyrimidinase-like protein-2 (DRP-2), creatine kinase (CK) and β-actin. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments, also conducted on whole mouse brain extract using the anti-mouse MT-3 antibody along with commercially available antibodies against HSP84 and CK, confirmed that these three proteins were in a single protein complex. Immunohistochemical experiments were then conducted on the perfused mouse brain that confirmed the in situ colocallzation of CK and MT-3 in the hippocampus region. These data provide new Insights into the involvement of MT-3 in a multiprotein complex, which will be used to understand the biological activity of MT-3 and its role in neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- I El Ghazi
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, 6-155 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Street, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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22
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23
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Liu Y, An S, Li J, Kuang Y, He X, Guo Y, Ma H, Zhang Y, Ji B, Jiang C. Brain-targeted co-delivery of therapeutic gene and peptide by multifunctional nanoparticles in Alzheimer's disease mice. Biomaterials 2016; 80:33-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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24
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Sindi IA, Dodd PR. New insights into Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis: the involvement of neuroligins in synaptic malfunction. Neurodegener Dis Manag 2016; 5:137-45. [PMID: 25894877 DOI: 10.2217/nmt.14.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic damage is a key hallmark of Alzheimer's disease and the best correlate with cognitive decline ante mortem. Signature protein combinations arrayed at tightly apposed pre- and post-synaptic sites characterize different types of synapse. Neuroligins are postsynaptic cell adhesion molecules that interact with neurexins across the synaptic cleft. These pairings recruit receptors, channels and signal transduction molecules to the synapse, and help mediate trans-synaptic transmission. Dysfunction in the neuroligin family can disrupt neuronal networks and leads to neurodegeneration and other diseases. The extracellular domain of neuroligins is homologous with acetylcholinesterase but lacks residues required for enzymatic activity. This domain may interact pathogenically with β-amyloid. Here we summarize research over the last decade on the potential involvement of neuroligins in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikhlas A Sindi
- Centre for Psychiatry & Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Australia
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25
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Better Utilization of Mouse Models of Neurodegenerative Diseases in Preclinical Studies: From the Bench to the Clinic. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1438:311-47. [PMID: 27150098 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3661-8_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The major symptom of Alzheimer's disease is dementia progressing with age. Its clinical diagnosis is preceded by a long prodromal period of brain pathology that encompasses both formation of extracellular amyloid and intraneuronal tau deposits in the brain and widespread neuronal death. At present, familial cases of dementia provide the most promising foundation for modeling neurodegenerative tauopathies, a group of heterogeneous disorders characterized by prominent intracellular accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau protein. In this chapter, we describe major behavioral hallmarks of tauopathies, briefly outline the genetics underlying familial cases, and discuss the arising implications for modeling the disease in transgenic mouse systems. The selection of tests performed to evaluate the phenotype of a model should be guided by the key behavioral hallmarks that characterize human disorder and their homology to mouse cognitive systems. We attempt to provide general guidelines and establish criteria for modeling dementia in a mouse; however, interpretations of obtained results should avoid a reductionist "one gene, one disease" explanation of model characteristics. Rather, the focus should be directed to the question of how the mouse genome can cope with the over-expression of the protein coded by transgene(s). While each model is valuable within its own constraints and the experiments performed are guided by specific hypotheses, we seek to expand upon their methodology by offering guidance spanning from issues of mouse husbandry to choices of behavioral tests and routes of drug administration that might increase the external validity of studies and consequently optimize the translational aspect of preclinical research.
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Patten AR, Yau SY, Fontaine CJ, Meconi A, Wortman RC, Christie BR. The Benefits of Exercise on Structural and Functional Plasticity in the Rodent Hippocampus of Different Disease Models. Brain Plast 2015; 1:97-127. [PMID: 29765836 PMCID: PMC5928528 DOI: 10.3233/bpl-150016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, the benefits of physical exercise on structural and functional plasticity in the hippocampus are discussed. The evidence is clear that voluntary exercise in rats and mice can lead to increases in hippocampal neurogenesis and enhanced synaptic plasticity which ultimately result in improved performance in hippocampal-dependent tasks. Furthermore, in models of neurological disorders, including fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, traumatic brain injury, stroke, and neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's disease exercise can also elicit beneficial effects on hippocampal function. Ultimately this review highlights the multiple benefits of exercise on hippocampal function in both the healthy and the diseased brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna R. Patten
- Division of Medical Sciences, Island Medical Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Suk Yu Yau
- Division of Medical Sciences, Island Medical Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christine J. Fontaine
- Division of Medical Sciences, Island Medical Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alicia Meconi
- Division of Medical Sciences, Island Medical Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ryan C. Wortman
- Division of Medical Sciences, Island Medical Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Brian R. Christie
- Division of Medical Sciences, Island Medical Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Brain Research Centre and Program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Kim DH, Choi BR, Jeon WK, Han JS. Impairment of intradimensional shift in an attentional set-shifting task in rats with chronic bilateral common carotid artery occlusion. Behav Brain Res 2015; 296:169-176. [PMID: 26365458 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Studies of rats with chronic bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAo), an animal model for vascular dementia (VaD), have reported hippocampus-dependent memory impairment and associated neuropathologies. Patients with VaD also experience attentional shifting dysfunction. However, animal models of VaD have not been used to study attentional function. Therefore, the present study examined attentional function in rats with BCCAo, using attentional set-shifting task (ASST) that required rats to choose a food-baited pot from 2 possible pots. ASST included 6 consecutive sessions including simple discrimination, compound discrimination, intradimensional shifting, extradimensional shifting, and reversals. The BCCAo rats were significantly slower at learning the intradimensional set-shifting task compared to control rats. Previous studies have demonstrated that the cingulate cortex and medial prefrontal cortex are critical to intradimensional and extradimensional set-shifting, respectively. Additionally, inflammatory responses and neuronal dysfunction were observed in rats with chronic BCCAo. In addition, OX-6 positive microglia significantly increased in the forceps minor white matter of BCCAo rats, and glutamate decarboxylase signals co-localized with NeuN were reduced in the anterior cingulate cortex of BCCAo rats, compared to control rats. Impaired neuronal and GABAergic neuronal integrity in the anterior cingulate cortex, damage to white matter, and attentional impairments observed in BCCAo rats suggest dysfunction of brain structures that are associated with attentional impairments observed in patients with VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hee Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Ryoung Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kyung Jeon
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Soo Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea.
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Li F, Dong HX, Gong QH, Wu Q, Jin F, Shi JS. Icariin decreases both APP and Aβ levels and increases neurogenesis in the brain of Tg2576 mice. Neuroscience 2015; 304:29-35. [PMID: 26079110 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Icariin is derived most commonly from the traditional Chinese herb Epimedium brevicornum Maxim. Our previous studies have shown that icariin protects neurons from neurotoxic and ischemic conditions. This study aims to investigate the effect of icariin on the expression of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and the level of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), as well as neurogenesis in the brain of Tg2576 mice, an animal model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Tg2576 mice and wild-type littermates (WT) were randomized into the following three groups: Tg2576, Tg2576+icariin, and WT groups. All 9-month-old mice were treated with icariin (60mg/kg/d) or distilled water for 3months. Following this, the spatial working memory of Tg2576+icariin mice, as examined in the Y-maze task, was found to improve. Furthermore, reduced levels of insoluble Aβ1-40 (69%) and Aβ1-42 (50%) after icariin treatment were determined in the brain by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Western blot analysis indicated the downregulation of APP expression after icariin treatment, and double staining showed an increased number of 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU)/Neuron-specific nuclear protein (NeuN) double-positive cells in the dentate gyrus region of the hippocampus in Tg2576+icariin mice compared with the Tg2576 mice. The current study demonstrated that icariin improved memory function, decreased the levels of Aβ and APP in the brain, and enhanced neurogenesis in the hippocampus of Tg2576 mice. Collectively, these results suggest the potential therapeutic value of icariin in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory for Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - H X Dong
- Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory for Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Q H Gong
- Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory for Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Q Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory for Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - F Jin
- Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory for Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - J S Shi
- Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory for Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China.
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Cuddy LK, Seah C, Pasternak SH, Rylett RJ. Differential regulation of the high-affinity choline transporter by wild-type and Swedish mutant amyloid precursor protein. J Neurochem 2015; 134:769-82. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leah K. Cuddy
- Molecular Medicine Research Group; Robarts Research Institute; London Ontario Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
| | - Claudia Seah
- Molecular Medicine Research Group; Robarts Research Institute; London Ontario Canada
| | - Stephen H. Pasternak
- Molecular Medicine Research Group; Robarts Research Institute; London Ontario Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences; Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry; University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
| | - Rebecca Jane Rylett
- Molecular Medicine Research Group; Robarts Research Institute; London Ontario Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
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Janus C, Flores AY, Xu G, Borchelt DR. Behavioral abnormalities in APPSwe/PS1dE9 mouse model of AD-like pathology: comparative analysis across multiple behavioral domains. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 36:2519-32. [PMID: 26089165 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by dysfunction in cognitive and noncognitive domains with clinical diagnosis based on multiple neuropsychological tests. Here, we evaluated cognitive and noncognitive behaviors in 2 age cohorts (8 and 14 months at the start of the study) of APPSwe/PS1dE9 transgenic mice that model AD-like amyloidosis. We used a battery of tests that included fear-conditioned context and tone memories, swimming activity, and orientation to a proximal cue in a visible platform water maze test and burrowing and nest building activity. To compare the performance of mice across all tests, we used z-score normalization of data. The analyses revealed that the behavior of the transgenic mice was significantly compromised in cognitive as well as in noncognitive domains. Combining scores across multiple behavioral tests produced an integrated index characterizing the overall phenotypic abnormality in this model of AD-like amyloidosis. Assessing multiple behavioral domains provides a broader view of the breadth of impairments in multiple behavioral systems. Greater implementation of such approaches could enable reliable and clinically predictive evaluation of therapeutics in mouse models of amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Janus
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CTRND), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Abigail Y Flores
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CTRND), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Guilian Xu
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CTRND), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - David R Borchelt
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CTRND), McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Altered theta oscillations and aberrant cortical excitatory activity in the 5XFAD model of Alzheimer's disease. Neural Plast 2015; 2015:781731. [PMID: 25922768 PMCID: PMC4398951 DOI: 10.1155/2015/781731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by impairment of memory function. The 5XFAD mouse model was analyzed and compared with wild-type (WT) controls for aberrant cortical excitability and hippocampal theta oscillations by using simultaneous video-electroencephalogram (EEG) monitoring. Seizure staging revealed that 5XFAD mice exhibited cortical hyperexcitability whereas controls did not. In addition, 5XFAD mice displayed a significant increase in hippocampal theta activity from the light to dark phase during nonmotor activity. We also observed a reduction in mean theta frequency in 5XFAD mice compared to controls that was again most prominent during nonmotor activity. Transcriptome analysis of hippocampal probes and subsequent qPCR validation revealed an upregulation of Plcd4 that might be indicative of enhanced muscarinic signalling. Our results suggest that 5XFAD mice exhibit altered cortical excitability, hippocampal dysrhythmicity, and potential changes in muscarinic signaling.
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Katsimpardi L, Rubin LL. Young systemic factors as a medicine for age-related neurodegenerative diseases. NEUROGENESIS 2015; 2:e1004971. [PMID: 27502604 PMCID: PMC4973601 DOI: 10.1080/23262133.2015.1004971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Revised: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
It is widely known that neurogenesis, brain function and cognition decline with aging. Increasing evidence suggests that cerebrovascular dysfunction is a major cause of cognitive impairment in the elderly but is also involved in age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Finding ways and molecules that reverse this process and ameliorate age- and disease-related cognitive impairment by targeting vascular and neurogenic deterioration would be of great therapeutic value. In Katsimpardi et al. we reported that young blood has a dual beneficial effect in the aged brain by restoring age-related decline in neurogenesis as well as inducing a striking remodeling of the aged vasculature and restoring blood flow to youthful levels. Additionally, we identified a youthful systemic factor, GDF11 that recapitulates these beneficial effects of young blood. We believe that the identification of young systemic factors that can rejuvenate the aged brain opens new roads to therapeutic intervention for neurodegenerative diseases by targeting both neural stem cells and neurogenesis as well as at the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lida Katsimpardi
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology; Harvard University and Harvard Stem Cell Institute ; Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Lee L Rubin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology; Harvard University and Harvard Stem Cell Institute ; Cambridge, MA USA
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Pooters T, Van der Jeugd A, Callaerts-Vegh Z, D'Hooge R. Telencephalic neurocircuitry and synaptic plasticity in rodent spatial learning and memory. Brain Res 2015; 1621:294-308. [PMID: 25619550 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Spatial learning and memory in rodents represent close equivalents of human episodic declarative memory, which is especially sensitive to cerebral aging, neurodegeneration, and various neuropsychiatric disorders. Many tests and protocols are available for use in laboratory rodents, but Morris water maze and radial-arm maze remain the most widely used as well as the most valid and reliable spatial tests. Telencephalic neurocircuitry that plays functional roles in spatial learning and memory includes hippocampus, dorsal striatum and medial prefrontal cortex. Prefrontal-hippocampal circuitry comprises the major associative system in the rodent brain, and is critical for navigation in physical space, whereas interconnections between prefrontal cortex and dorsal striatum are probably more important for motivational or goal-directed aspects of spatial learning. Two major forms of synaptic plasticity, namely long-term potentiation, a lasting increase in synaptic strength between simultaneously activated neurons, and long-term depression, a decrease in synaptic strength, have been found to occur in hippocampus, dorsal striatum and medial prefrontal cortex. These and other phenomena of synaptic plasticity are probably crucial for the involvement of telencephalic neurocircuitry in spatial learning and memory. They also seem to play a role in the pathophysiology of two brain pathologies with episodic declarative memory impairments as core symptoms, namely Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. Further research emphasis on rodent telencephalic neurocircuitry could be relevant to more valid and reliable preclinical research on these most devastating brain disorders. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI: Brain and Memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tine Pooters
- Laboratory of Biological Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, 102 Tiensestraat, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ann Van der Jeugd
- Laboratory of Biological Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, 102 Tiensestraat, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Zsuzsanna Callaerts-Vegh
- Laboratory of Biological Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, 102 Tiensestraat, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rudi D'Hooge
- Laboratory of Biological Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, 102 Tiensestraat, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Mably AJ, Kanmert D, Mc Donald JM, Liu W, Caldarone BJ, Lemere CA, O'Nuallain B, Kosik KS, Walsh DM. Tau immunization: a cautionary tale? Neurobiol Aging 2014; 36:1316-32. [PMID: 25619661 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The amyloid β (Aβ)-protein and microtubule-associated protein, tau, are the major components of the amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles that typify Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. As such both Aβ and tau have long been proposed as therapeutic targets. Immunotherapy, particularly targeting Aβ, is currently the most advanced clinical strategy for treating AD. However, several Aβ-directed clinical trials have failed, and there is concern that targeting this protein may not be useful. In contrast, there is a growing optimism that tau immunotherapy may prove more efficacious. Here, for the first time, we studied the effects of chronic administration of an anti-tau monoclonal antibody (5E2) in amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice. For our animal model, we chose the J20 mouse line because prior studies had shown that the cognitive deficits in these mice require expression of tau. Despite the fact that 5E2 was present and active in the brains of immunized mice and that this antibody appeared to engage with extracellular tau, 5E2-treatment did not recover age-dependent spatial reference memory deficits. These results indicate that the memory impairment evident in J20 mice is unlikely to be mediated by a form of extracellular tau recognized by 5E2. In addition to the lack of positive effect of anti-tau immunotherapy, we also documented a significant increase in mortality among J20 mice that received 5E2. Because both the J20 mice used here and tau transgenic mice used in prior tau immunotherapy trials are imperfect models of AD our results recommend extensive preclinical testing of anti-tau antibody-based therapies using multiple mouse models and a variety of different anti-tau antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra J Mably
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Kanmert
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica M Mc Donald
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wen Liu
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Barbara J Caldarone
- Neurobehaviour Laboratory Core, Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cynthia A Lemere
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian O'Nuallain
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth S Kosik
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Dominic M Walsh
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Research, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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Cho WH, Park JC, Chung C, Jeon WK, Han JS. Learning strategy preference of 5XFAD transgenic mice depends on the sequence of place/spatial and cued training in the water maze task. Behav Brain Res 2014; 273:116-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Exendin-4 promotes the membrane trafficking of the AMPA receptor GluR1 subunit and ADAM10 in the mouse neocortex. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 190-191:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Physical exercise-induced adult neurogenesis: a good strategy to prevent cognitive decline in neurodegenerative diseases? BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:403120. [PMID: 24818140 PMCID: PMC4000963 DOI: 10.1155/2014/403120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cumulative evidence has indicated that there is an important role for adult hippocampal neurogenesis in cognitive function. With the increasing prevalence of cognitive decline associated with neurodegenerative diseases among the ageing population, physical exercise, a potent enhancer of adult hippocampal neurogenesis, has emerged as a potential preventative strategy/treatment to reduce cognitive decline. Here we review the functional role of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in learning and memory, and how this form of structural plasticity is altered in neurodegenerative diseases known to involve cognitive impairment. We further discuss how physical exercise may contribute to cognitive improvement in the ageing brain by preserving adult neurogenesis, and review the recent approaches for measuring changes in neurogenesis in the live human brain.
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Girard SD, Jacquet M, Baranger K, Migliorati M, Escoffier G, Bernard A, Khrestchatisky M, Féron F, Rivera S, Roman FS, Marchetti E. Onset of hippocampus-dependent memory impairments in 5XFAD transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Hippocampus 2014; 24:762-72. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marlyse Jacquet
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, NICN, UMR7259; Marseille France
| | - Kévin Baranger
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, NICN, UMR7259; Marseille France
- APHM; CHU La Timone; Département de Neurologie et de Neuropsychologie; Marseille France
| | | | - Guy Escoffier
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, NICN, UMR7259; Marseille France
| | - Anne Bernard
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, NICN, UMR7259; Marseille France
| | | | - François Féron
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, NICN, UMR7259; Marseille France
| | - Santiago Rivera
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, NICN, UMR7259; Marseille France
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Stancu IC, Ris L, Vasconcelos B, Marinangeli C, Goeminne L, Laporte V, Haylani LE, Couturier J, Schakman O, Gailly P, Pierrot N, Kienlen-Campard P, Octave JN, Dewachter I. Tauopathy contributes to synaptic and cognitive deficits in a murine model for Alzheimer's disease. FASEB J 2014; 28:2620-31. [PMID: 24604080 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-246702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Tau alterations are now considered an executor of neuronal demise and cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Mouse models combining amyloidosis and tauopathy and their parental counterparts are important tools to further investigate the interplay of abnormal amyloid-β (Aβ) and Tau species in pathogenesis, synaptic and neuronal dysfunction, and cognitive decline. Here, we crossed APP/PS1 mice with 5 early-onset familial AD mutations (5xFAD) and TauP301S (PS19) transgenic mice, denoted F(+)/T(+) mice, and phenotypically compared them to their respective parental strains, denoted F(+)/T(-) and F(-)/T(+) respectively, as controls. We found dramatically aggravated tauopathy (~10-fold) in F(+)/T(+) mice compared to the parental F(-)/T(+) mice. In contrast, amyloidosis was unaltered compared to the parental F(+)/T(-) mice. Tauopathy was invariably and very robustly aggravated in hippocampal and cortical brain regions. Most important, F(+)/T(+) displayed aggravated cognitive deficits in a hippocampus-dependent spatial navigation task, compared to the parental F(+)/T(-) strain, while parental F(-)/T(+) mice did not display cognitive impairment. Basal synaptic transmission was impaired in F(+)/T(+) mice compared to nontransgenic mice and the parental strains (≥40%). Finally, F(+)/T(+) mice displayed a significant hippocampal atrophy (~20%) compared to nontransgenic mice, in contrast to the parental strains. Our data indicate for the first time that pathological Aβ species (or APP/PS1) induced changes in Tau contribute to cognitive deficits correlating with synaptic deficits and hippocampal atrophy in an AD model. Our data lend support to the amyloid cascade hypothesis with a role of pathological Aβ species as initiator and pathological Tau species as executor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurence Ris
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Olivier Schakman
- Department of Cell Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; and
| | - Philippe Gailly
- Department of Cell Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; and
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Abstract
The olfactory system has a rich cortical representation, including a large archicortical component present in most vertebrates, and in mammals neocortical components including the entorhinal and orbitofrontal cortices. Together, these cortical components contribute to normal odor perception and memory. They help transform the physicochemical features of volatile molecules inhaled or exhaled through the nose into the perception of odor objects with rich associative and hedonic aspects. This chapter focuses on how olfactory cortical areas contribute to odor perception and begins to explore why odor perception is so sensitive to disease and pathology. Odor perception is disrupted by a wide range of disorders including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, depression, autism, and early life exposure to toxins. This olfactory deficit often occurs despite maintained functioning in other sensory systems. Does the unusual network of olfactory cortical structures contribute to this sensitivity?
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Sindi IA, Tannenberg RK, Dodd PR. Role for the neurexin-neuroligin complex in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 35:746-56. [PMID: 24211009 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic damage is a critical hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, and the best correlate with cognitive impairment ante mortem. Synapses, the loci of communication between neurons, are characterized by signature protein combinations arrayed at tightly apposed pre- and post-synaptic sites. The most widely studied trans-synaptic junctional complexes, which direct synaptogenesis and foster the maintenance and stability of the mature terminal, are conjunctions of presynaptic neurexins and postsynaptic neuroligins. Fluctuations in the levels of neuroligins and neurexins can sway the balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission in the brain, and could lead to damage of synapses and dendrites. This review summarizes current understanding of the roles of neurexins and neuroligins proteolytic processing in synaptic plasticity in the human brain, and outlines their possible roles in β-amyloid metabolism and function, which are central pathogenic events in Alzheimer's disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikhlas A Sindi
- Centre for Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rudolph K Tannenberg
- Centre for Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Peter R Dodd
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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42
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Xiao H, Run X, Cao X, Su Y, Sun Z, Tian C, Sun S, Liang Z. Temperature control can abolish anesthesia-induced tau hyperphosphorylation and partly reverse anesthesia-induced cognitive impairment in old mice. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2013; 67:493-500. [PMID: 23992430 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2010] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Anesthesia is related to cognitive impairment and the risk for Alzheimer's disease. Hypothermia during anesthesia can lead to abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau, which has been speculated to be involved in anesthesia-induced cognitive impairment. The aim of this study was to investigate whether maintenance of the tau phosphorylation level by body temperature control during anesthesia could reverse the cognitive dysfunction in C57BL/6 mice. METHODS Eighteen-month-old mice were repeatedly anesthetized during a 2-week period with or without maintenance of body temperature, control mice were treated with normal saline instead of anesthetics. Tau phosphorylation level in mice brain was detected on western blot, and cognitive performance was measured using the Morris water maze (MWM). RESULTS After anesthesia-induced hypothermia in old mice, tau was hyperphosphorylated and the cognitive performance, measured on MWM, was impaired. When body temperature was controlled during anesthesia, however, the tau hyperphosphorylation was completely avoided, and there was partial recovery in cognitive impairment measured on the MWM. CONCLUSION Hyperphosphorylation of tau in the brain after anesthesia is an important event, and it might be, although not solely, responsible for postoperative cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibing Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Neurology, The University of Hong Kong - Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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43
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Cognitive recovery and restoration of cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus in the 5XFAD transgenic mice model of Alzheimer's disease following 2-hydroxy-DHA treatment. Biogerontology 2013; 14:763-75. [PMID: 24114505 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-013-9461-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder in the elderly. In the last years, abnormalities of lipid metabolism and in particular of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have been recently linked with the development of the disease. According to the recent studies showing how hydroxylation of fatty acids enhances their biological activity, here we show that chronic treatment with a hydroxylated derivative of DHA, the 2-hydroxy-DHA (2OHDHA) in the 5XFAD transgenic mice model of AD improves performance in the radial arm maze test and restores cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus, with no changes in the presence of beta amyloid (Aβ) plaques. These results suggest that 2OHDHA induced restoration of cell proliferation can be regarded as a major component in memory recovery that is independent of Aβ load thus, setting the starting point for the development of a new drug for the treatment of AD.
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44
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Orta-Salazar E, Feria-Velasco A, Medina-Aguirre G, Díaz-Cintra S. Análisis morfológico de la región del hipocampo asociado a una tarea conductual innata en el modelo de ratón transgénico (3xTg-AD) para la enfermedad de Alzheimer. Neurologia 2013; 28:497-502. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2013.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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45
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Xia WF, Jung JU, Shun C, Xiong S, Xiong L, Shi XM, Mei L, Xiong WC. Swedish mutant APP suppresses osteoblast differentiation and causes osteoporotic deficit, which are ameliorated by N-acetyl-L-cysteine. J Bone Miner Res 2013; 28:2122-35. [PMID: 23649480 PMCID: PMC7104794 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.1954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Reduced bone mineral density and hip fracture are frequently observed in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, mechanisms underlying their association remain poorly understood. Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a transmembrane protein that is ubiquitously expressed in bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), osteoblasts (OBs), macrophages (BMMs), and osteoclasts (OCs). Mutations in the APP gene identified in early-onset AD patients are believed to cause AD. But little is known about APP's role in bone remodeling. Here, we present evidence for Swedish mutant APP (APPswe) in suppression of OB differentiation and function in culture and in mouse. APP expression in BMSCs increases during aging. Ubiquitous expression of APPswe in young adult Tg2576 transgenic mice (under the control of a prion promoter) recaptured skeletal "aging-like" deficits, including decreased OB genesis and bone formation, increased adipogenesis and bone marrow fat, and enhanced OC genesis and bone resorption. Remarkably, selective expression of APPswe in mature OB-lineage cells in TgAPPswe-Ocn mice (under the control of osteocalcin [Ocn] promoter-driven Cre) also decreased OB genesis and increased OC formation, resulting in a trabecular bone loss. These results thus suggest a cell-autonomous role for APPswe in suppressing OB formation and function, but a nonautonomous effect on OC genesis. Notably, increased adipogenesis and elevated bone marrow fat were detected in young adult Tg2576 mice, but not in TgAPPswe-Ocn mice, implying that APPswe in BMSCs and/or multicell types in bone marrow promotes bone marrow adipogenesis. Intriguingly, the skeletal aging-like deficits in young adult Tg2576 mice were prevented by treatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), an antioxidant, suggesting that reactive oxygen species (ROS) may underlie APPswe-induced osteoporotic deficits. Taken together, these results demonstrate a role for APPswe in suppressing OB differentiation and bone formation, implicate APPswe as a detrimental factor for AD-associated osteoporotic deficit, and reveal a potential clinical value of NAC in the treatment of osteoporotic deficits. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Fang Xia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine & Genetics and Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Rheumatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R., China
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Morphological analysis of the hippocampal region associated with an innate behaviour task in the transgenic mouse model (3xTg-AD) for Alzheimer disease. NEUROLOGÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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47
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Crouzin N, Baranger K, Cavalier M, Marchalant Y, Cohen-Solal C, Roman FS, Khrestchatisky M, Rivera S, Féron F, Vignes M. Area-specific alterations of synaptic plasticity in the 5XFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease: dissociation between somatosensory cortex and hippocampus. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74667. [PMID: 24069328 PMCID: PMC3775744 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) that overproduce the amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) have highlighted impairments of hippocampal long-term synaptic plasticity associated with the progression of the disease. Here we examined whether the characteristics of one of the hallmarks of AD, i.e. Aβ deposition, in both the somatosensory cortex and the hippocampus, correlated with specific losses of synaptic plasticity in these areas. For this, we evaluated the occurrence of long-term potentiation (LTP) in the cortex and the hippocampus of 6-month old 5xFAD transgenic mice that exhibited massive Aβ deposition in both regions but with different features: in cortical areas a majority of Aβ deposits comprised a dense core surrounded by a diffuse corona while such kind of Aβ deposition was less frequently observed in the hippocampus. In order to simultaneously monitor synaptic changes in both areas, we developed a method based on the use of Multi-Electrode Arrays (MEA). When compared with wild-type (WT) mice, basal transmission was significantly reduced in both areas in 5xFAD mice, while short-term synaptic plasticity was unaffected. The induction of long-term changes of synaptic transmission by different protocols revealed that in 5xFAD mice, LTP in the layer 5 of the somatosensory cortex was more severely impaired than LTP triggered in the CA1 area of the hippocampus. We conclude that cortical plasticity is deficient in the 5xFAD model and that this deficit could be correlated with the proportion of diffuse plaques in 5xFAD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Crouzin
- Laboratory UMR7259 ‘Neurobiologie des Interactions Cellulaires et Neurophysiopathologie’, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Laboratory UMR7259 ‘Neurobiologie des Interactions Cellulaires et Neurophysiopathologie’, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Kevin Baranger
- Laboratory UMR7259 ‘Neurobiologie des Interactions Cellulaires et Neurophysiopathologie’, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Laboratory UMR7259 ‘Neurobiologie des Interactions Cellulaires et Neurophysiopathologie’, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Mélanie Cavalier
- Laboratory UMR5247 ‘Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron’, University of Montpellier 1, University of Montpellier 2, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Yannick Marchalant
- Laboratory UMR7259 ‘Neurobiologie des Interactions Cellulaires et Neurophysiopathologie’, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Laboratory UMR7259 ‘Neurobiologie des Interactions Cellulaires et Neurophysiopathologie’, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Catherine Cohen-Solal
- Laboratory UMR5247 ‘Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron’, University of Montpellier 1, University of Montpellier 2, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - François S. Roman
- Laboratory UMR7259 ‘Neurobiologie des Interactions Cellulaires et Neurophysiopathologie’, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Laboratory UMR7259 ‘Neurobiologie des Interactions Cellulaires et Neurophysiopathologie’, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Michel Khrestchatisky
- Laboratory UMR7259 ‘Neurobiologie des Interactions Cellulaires et Neurophysiopathologie’, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Laboratory UMR7259 ‘Neurobiologie des Interactions Cellulaires et Neurophysiopathologie’, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Santiago Rivera
- Laboratory UMR7259 ‘Neurobiologie des Interactions Cellulaires et Neurophysiopathologie’, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Laboratory UMR7259 ‘Neurobiologie des Interactions Cellulaires et Neurophysiopathologie’, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - François Féron
- Laboratory UMR7259 ‘Neurobiologie des Interactions Cellulaires et Neurophysiopathologie’, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Laboratory UMR7259 ‘Neurobiologie des Interactions Cellulaires et Neurophysiopathologie’, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Michel Vignes
- Laboratory UMR5247 ‘Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron’, University of Montpellier 1, University of Montpellier 2, CNRS, Montpellier, France
- * E-mail:
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Lithner CU, Lacor PN, Zhao WQ, Mustafiz T, Klein WL, Sweatt JD, Hernandez CM. Disruption of neocortical histone H3 homeostasis by soluble Aβ: implications for Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 34:2081-90. [PMID: 23582659 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2012.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) fragment misfolding may play a crucial role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology as well as epigenetic mechanisms at the DNA and histone level. We hypothesized that histone H3 homeostasis is disrupted in association with the appearance of soluble Aβ at an early stage in AD progression. We identified, localized, and compared histone H3 modifications in multiple model systems (neural-like SH-SY5Y, primary neurons, Tg2576 mice, and AD neocortex), and narrowed our focus to investigate 3 key motifs associated with regulating transcriptional activation and inhibition: acetylated lysine 14, phosphorylated serine 10 and dimethylated lysine 9. Our results in vitro and in vivo indicate that multimeric soluble Aβ may be a potent signaling molecule indirectly modulating the transcriptional activity of DNA by modulating histone H3 homeostasis. These findings reveal potential loci of transcriptional disruption relevant to AD. Identifying genes that undergo significant epigenetic alterations in response to Aβ could aid in the understanding of the pathogenesis of AD, as well as suggesting possible new treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Unger Lithner
- Alzheimer Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Wright AL, Zinn R, Hohensinn B, Konen LM, Beynon SB, Tan RP, Clark IA, Abdipranoto A, Vissel B. Neuroinflammation and neuronal loss precede Aβ plaque deposition in the hAPP-J20 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59586. [PMID: 23560052 PMCID: PMC3613362 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent human trials of treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been largely unsuccessful, raising the idea that treatment may need to be started earlier in the disease, well before cognitive symptoms appear. An early marker of AD pathology is therefore needed and it is debated as to whether amyloid-βAβ? plaque load may serve this purpose. We investigated this in the hAPP-J20 AD mouse model by studying disease pathology at 6, 12, 24 and 36 weeks. Using robust stereological methods, we found there is no neuron loss in the hippocampal CA3 region at any age. However loss of neurons from the hippocampal CA1 region begins as early as 12 weeks of age. The extent of neuron loss increases with age, correlating with the number of activated microglia. Gliosis was also present, but plateaued during aging. Increased hyperactivity and spatial memory deficits occurred at 16 and 24 weeks. Meanwhile, the appearance of plaques and oligomeric Aβ were essentially the last pathological changes, with significant changes only observed at 36 weeks of age. This is surprising given that the hAPP-J20 AD mouse model is engineered to over-expresses Aβ. Our data raises the possibility that plaque load may not be the best marker for early AD and suggests that activated microglia could be a valuable marker to track disease progression.
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MESH Headings
- Age Factors
- Alzheimer Disease/diagnosis
- Alzheimer Disease/genetics
- Alzheimer Disease/metabolism
- Alzheimer Disease/pathology
- Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/genetics
- Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/metabolism
- Animals
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- CA1 Region, Hippocampal/metabolism
- CA1 Region, Hippocampal/pathology
- CA3 Region, Hippocampal/cytology
- CA3 Region, Hippocampal/metabolism
- Cell Count
- Disease Models, Animal
- Early Diagnosis
- Gene Expression
- Gliosis/diagnosis
- Gliosis/genetics
- Gliosis/metabolism
- Gliosis/pathology
- Humans
- Inflammation
- Male
- Memory Disorders/diagnosis
- Memory Disorders/genetics
- Memory Disorders/metabolism
- Memory Disorders/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Microglia/metabolism
- Microglia/pathology
- Neurons/metabolism
- Neurons/pathology
- Plaque, Amyloid/diagnosis
- Plaque, Amyloid/genetics
- Plaque, Amyloid/metabolism
- Plaque, Amyloid/pathology
- Stereotaxic Techniques
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. Wright
- Neurodegenerative Disorders, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Neuroscience Department, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Raphael Zinn
- Neurodegenerative Disorders, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Neuroscience Department, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Barbara Hohensinn
- Neurodegenerative Disorders, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Neuroscience Department, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lyndsey M. Konen
- Neurodegenerative Disorders, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Neuroscience Department, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sarah B. Beynon
- Neurodegenerative Disorders, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Neuroscience Department, Sydney, Australia
| | - Richard P. Tan
- Neurodegenerative Disorders, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Neuroscience Department, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ian A. Clark
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Andrea Abdipranoto
- Neurodegenerative Disorders, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Neuroscience Department, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bryce Vissel
- Neurodegenerative Disorders, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Neuroscience Department, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Hermann D, Mezler M, Müller MK, Wicke K, Gross G, Draguhn A, Bruehl C, Nimmrich V. Synthetic Aβ oligomers (Aβ(1-42) globulomer) modulate presynaptic calcium currents: prevention of Aβ-induced synaptic deficits by calcium channel blockers. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 702:44-55. [PMID: 23376566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is accompanied by increased brain levels of soluble amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers. It has been suggested that oligomers directly impair synaptic function, thereby causing cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease patients. Recently, it has been shown that synthetic Aβ oligomers directly modulate P/Q-type calcium channels, possibly leading to excitotoxic cascades and subsequent synaptic decline. Using whole-cell recordings we studied the modulation of recombinant presynaptic calcium channels in HEK293 cells after application of a stable Aβ oligomer preparation (Aβ1-42 globulomer). Aβ globulomer shifted the half-activation voltage of P/Q-type and N-type calcium channels to more hyperpolarized values (by 11.5 and 7.5 mV). Application of non-aggregated Aβ peptides had no effect. We then analyzed the potential of calcium channel blockers to prevent Aβ globulomer-induced synaptic decline in hippocampal slice cultures. Specific block of P/Q-type or N-type calcium channels with peptide toxins completely reversed Aβ globulomer-induced deficits in glutamatergic neurotransmission. Two state-dependent low molecular weight P/Q-type and N-type calcium channel blockers also protected neurons from Aβ-induced alterations. On the contrary, inhibition of L-type calcium channels failed to reverse the deficit. Our data show that Aβ globulomer directly modulates recombinant P/Q-type and N-type calcium channels in HEK293 cells. Block of presynaptic calcium channels with both state-dependent and state-independent modulators can reverse Aβ-induced functional deficits in synaptic transmission. These findings indicate that presynaptic calcium channel blockers may be a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hermann
- Neuroscience Research, GPRD, Abbott, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
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