1
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Neufeld O, Tancogne-Dejean N, Rubio A. Benchmarking Functionals for Strong-Field Light-Matter Interactions in Adiabatic Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:7254-7264. [PMID: 38976844 PMCID: PMC11261632 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) has been extensively employed for highly nonlinear optics in molecules and solids, including high harmonic generation (HHG), photoemission, and more. TDDFT exhibits a relatively low numerical cost while still describing both light-matter and electron-electron interactions ab initio, making it highly appealing. However, the majority of implementations of the theory utilize the simplest possible approximations for the exchange-correlation (XC) functional-either the local density or generalized gradient approximations, which are traditionally considered to have rather poor chemical accuracy. We present the first systematic study of the XC functional effect on molecular HHG, testing various levels of theory. Our numerical results suggest justification for using simpler approximations for the XC functional, showing that hybrid and meta functionals (as well as Hartree-Fock) can, at times, lead to poor and unphysical results. The specific source of the failure in more elaborate functionals should be topic of future work, but we hypothesize that its origin might be connected to the adiabatic approximation of TDDFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofer Neufeld
- Max
Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center
for Free-Electron Laser Science, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - Nicolas Tancogne-Dejean
- Max
Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center
for Free-Electron Laser Science, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - Angel Rubio
- Max
Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center
for Free-Electron Laser Science, Hamburg 22761, Germany
- Center
for Computational Quantum Physics (CCQ), The Flatiron Institute, New York, New York 10010, United States
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2
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Yuan H, Huang P, Feng T, Ma Y, Wang X, Cao H, Wang Y, Zhao W, Fu Y. Efficient single-cycle mid-infrared femtosecond laser pulse generation by spectrally temporally cascaded optical parametric amplification with pump energy recycling. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:2269-2272. [PMID: 38691696 DOI: 10.1364/ol.519729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
We proposed spectrally temporally cascaded optical parametric amplification (STOPA) using pump energy recycling to simultaneously increase spectral bandwidth and conversion efficiency in optical parametric amplification (OPA). Using BiB3O6 and KTiOAsO4 nonlinear crystals, near-single-cycle mid-infrared (MIR) pulses with maximum energy conversion efficiencies exceeding 25% were obtained in simulations. We successfully demonstrated sub-two-cycle, CEP-stable pulse generation at 1.8 µm using a four-step STOPA system in the experiment. This method provides a solution to solve the limitations of the gain bandwidth of nonlinear crystals and the low conversion efficiency in broadband OPA systems, which is helpful for intense attosecond pulse generation and strong laser field physics studies.
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3
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Woźniak AP, Moszyński R. Modeling of High-Harmonic Generation in the C 60 Fullerene Using Ab Initio, DFT-Based, and Semiempirical Methods. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:2683-2702. [PMID: 38534023 PMCID: PMC11017253 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c07865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
We report calculations of the high-harmonic generation spectra of the C60 fullerene molecule carried out by employing a diverse set of real-time time-dependent quantum chemical methods. All methodologies involve expanding the propagated electronic wave function in bases consisting of the ground and singly excited time-independent eigenstates obtained through the solution of the corresponding linear-response equations. We identify the correlation and exchange effect in the spectra by comparing the results from methods relying on the Hartree-Fock reference determinant with those obtained using approaches based on the density functional theory with different exchange-correlation functionals. The effect of the full random-phase approximation treatment of the excited electronic states is also analyzed and compared with the configuration interaction singles and the Tamm-Dancoff approximation. We also showcase the fact that the real-time extension of the semiempirical method INDO/S can be effectively applied for an approximate description of laser-driven dynamics in large systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Moszyński
- Faculty of Chemistry, University
of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
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4
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Li J, Li K, Zhang X, Popmintchev D, Xu H, Wang Y, Li R, Zhang G, Tang J, Niu J, Ma Y, Meng R, Ke C, Qiu J, Ma Y, Popmintchev T, Fan Z. Highly efficient and aberration-free off-plane grating spectrometer and monochromator for EUV-soft X-ray applications. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:12. [PMID: 38185683 PMCID: PMC10772113 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01342-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
We demonstrate a novel flat-field, dual-optic imaging EUV-soft X-ray spectrometer and monochromator that attains an unprecedented throughput efficiency exceeding 60% by design, along with a superb spectral resolution of λ/Δλ > 200 accomplished without employing variable line spacing gratings. Exploiting the benefits of the conical diffraction geometry, the optical system is globally optimized in multidimensional parameter space to guarantee optimal imaging performance over a broad spectral range while maintaining circular and elliptical polarization states at the first, second, and third diffraction orders. Moreover, our analysis indicates minimal temporal dispersion, with pulse broadening confined within 80 fs tail-to-tail and an FWHM value of 29 fs, which enables ultrafast spectroscopic and pump-probe studies with femtosecond accuracy. Furthermore, the spectrometer can be effortlessly transformed into a monochromator spanning the EUV-soft X-ray spectral region using a single grating with an aberration-free spatial profile. Such capability allows coherent diffractive imaging applications to be conducted with highly monochromatic light in a broad spectral range and extended to the soft X-ray region with minimal photon loss, thus facilitating state-of-the-art imaging of intricate nano- and bio-systems, with a significantly enhanced spatiotemporal resolution, down to the nanometer-femtosecond level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, China.
- School of Optoelectronics, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Kui Li
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, China
- School of Optoelectronics, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoshi Zhang
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, China.
- School of Optoelectronics, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China.
| | | | - Hao Xu
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Yutong Wang
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Ruixuan Li
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, China
- School of Optoelectronics, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guangyin Zhang
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, China
- School of Optoelectronics, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiyue Tang
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, China
- School of Optoelectronics, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jin Niu
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, China
- School of Optoelectronics, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yongjun Ma
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Runyu Meng
- School of Optoelectronics, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650011, China
| | - Changjun Ke
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, China
- School of Optoelectronics, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jisi Qiu
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, China
- School of Optoelectronics, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yunfeng Ma
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, China
- School of Optoelectronics, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tenio Popmintchev
- Photonics Institute, TU Wien, Vienna, A-1040, Austria.
- University of California, Physics Department, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Zhongwei Fan
- School of Optoelectronics, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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5
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Vimal M, Luttmann M, Gadeyne T, Guer M, Cazali R, Bresteau D, Lepetit F, Tcherbakoff O, Hergott JF, Auguste T, Ruchon T. Photon Pathways and the Nonperturbative Scaling Law of High Harmonic Generation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:203402. [PMID: 38039449 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.203402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
High harmonic generation (HHG) has become a core pillar of attosecond science. Traditionally described with field-based models, HHG can also be viewed in a parametric picture, which predicts all properties of the emitted photons, but not the nonperturbative efficiency of the process. Driving HHG with two noncollinear beams and deriving analytically the corresponding yield scaling laws for any intensity ratio, we herein reconcile the two interpretations, introducing a generalized photonic description of HHG. It is in full agreement with field-based simulations and experimental data, opening the route to smart engineering of HHG with multiple driving beams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mekha Vimal
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, LIDYL, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Martin Luttmann
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, LIDYL, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Titouan Gadeyne
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, LIDYL, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Guer
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, LIDYL, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Romain Cazali
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, LIDYL, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - David Bresteau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, LIDYL, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Fabien Lepetit
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, LIDYL, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | | | - Thierry Auguste
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, LIDYL, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Thierry Ruchon
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, LIDYL, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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6
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Kim J, Mironov A, Park S, Kim C, Park SJ, Eden JG. Ultrasound harmonic generation and atomic layer deposition of multilayer, deep-UV mirrors and filters with microcavity plasma arrays. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. D, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 2023; 77:73. [PMID: 37200580 PMCID: PMC10173939 DOI: 10.1140/epjd/s10053-023-00651-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Abstract In honor of Professor Kurt Becker's pioneering contributions to microplasma physics and applications, we report the capabilities of arrays of microcavity plasmas in two emerging and disparate applications. The first of these is the generation of ultrasound radiation in the 20-240 kHz spectral range with microplasmas in either a static or jet configuration. When a 10 × 10 array of microplasma jets is driven by a 20-kHz sinusoidal voltage, for example, harmonics as high as m = 12 are detected and fractional harmonics are produced by controlling the spatial symmetry of the emitter array. The preferential emission of ultrasound in an inverted cone having an angle of ± 45 ∘ with respect to the surface normal of the jet array's exit face is attributed to interference between spatially periodic, outward-propagating waves generated by the arrays. The spatial distribution of ultrasound generated by the arrays is analogous to the radiation patterns produced by Yagi-Uda phased array antennas at RF frequencies for which radiation is emitted broadside to arrays of parallel electric dipoles. Also, the nonperturbative envelope of the ultrasound harmonic spectrum resembles that for high-order harmonic generation at optical frequencies in rare gas plasmas and attests to the strong nonlinearity provided by the pulsed microplasmas in the sub-250-kHz region. Specifically, the relative intensities of the second and third harmonics exceed that for the fundamental, and a "plateau" region is observed extending from the 5th through the 8th harmonics. A strong plasma nonlinearity appears to be responsible for both the appearance of fractional harmonics and the nonperturbative nature of the acoustic harmonic spectrum. Multilayer metal-oxide optical filters designed to have peak transmission near 222 nm in the deep-UV region of the spectrum have been fabricated by microplasma-assisted atomic layer deposition. Alternating layers of ZrO2 and Al2 O3 , each having a thickness in the 20-50 nm range, were grown on quartz and silicon substrates by successively exposing the substrate to the Zr or Al precursor (tetrakis(dimethylamino) zirconium or trimethylaluminum, respectively) and the products of an oxygen microplasma while maintaining the substrate temperature at 300 K. Bandpass filters comprising 9 cycles of 30-nm-thick ZrO2 /50-nm-thick Al2 O3 film pairs transmit 80% at 235 nm but < 35% in the 250-280 nm interval. Such multilayer reflectors appear to be of significant value in several applications, including bandpass filters suppressing long wavelength (240-270 nm) radiation emitted by KrCl (222) lamps. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhong Kim
- Laboratory for Optical Physics and Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois, 306 N Wright St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
- Intel Corp., 2501 NE Century Blvd, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA
- Eden Park Illumination, 902 N. Country Fair Drive, Champaign, IL 61820 USA
| | - Andrey Mironov
- Laboratory for Optical Physics and Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois, 306 N Wright St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Sehyun Park
- Laboratory for Optical Physics and Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois, 306 N Wright St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Changgong Kim
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, 1206 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Sung-Jin Park
- Laboratory for Optical Physics and Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois, 306 N Wright St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
- Eden Park Illumination, 902 N. Country Fair Drive, Champaign, IL 61820 USA
| | - J. Gary Eden
- Laboratory for Optical Physics and Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois, 306 N Wright St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
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7
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Han J, Tang X, Yin Z, Wang K, Fu Y, Wang B, Chen Y, Zhang C, Jin C. Role of fractional high harmonics with non-integer OAM on the generation of a helical attosecond pulse train. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:47942-47956. [PMID: 36558711 DOI: 10.1364/oe.479226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Extreme-ultraviolet pulses of attosecond duration carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) can be produced by spectrally filtering vortex high harmonics generated in a gas medium. Here we reveal that fractional high harmonics (FHHs) with non-integer OAM generated by a short duration Laguerre-Gaussian laser beam are origins for the change of helical attosecond pulse train (APT) with azimuthal angle. We show that these harmonics have gap and minimum structures in the annular intensity profile and discontinue phase distribution along azimuthal angle. And each FHH can be expressed as a superposition of OAM modes with integer topological charges. Features of FHH can be identified by coherently combining selected OAM modes. We also uncover that these features are formed after FHH is propagated in gas medium and in vacuum. We finally demonstrate that the generation of FHHs and the dependence of helical APTs on azimuthal angle are changed by varying the macroscopic condition.
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8
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High Harmonic Generation Spectrum of Energetic Molecule Nitromethane. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Nie Z, Nambu N, Marsh KA, Welch E, Matteo D, Zhang C, Wu Y, Patchkovskii S, Morales F, Smirnova O, Joshi C. Cross-polarized common-path temporal interferometry for high-sensitivity strong-field ionization measurements. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:25696-25706. [PMID: 36237094 DOI: 10.1364/oe.463424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Absolute density measurements of low-ionization-degree or low-density plasmas ionized by lasers are very important for understanding strong-field physics, atmospheric propagation of intense laser pulses, Lidar etc. A cross-polarized common-path temporal interferometer using balanced detection was developed for measuring plasma density with a sensitivity of ∼0.6 mrad, equivalent to a plasma density-length product of ∼2.6 × 1013 cm-2 if using an 800 nm probe laser. By using this interferometer, we have investigated strong-field ionization yield versus intensity for various noble gases (Ar, Kr, and Xe) using 800 nm, 55 fs laser pulses with both linear (LP) and circular (CP) polarization. The experimental results were compared to the theoretical models of Ammosov-Delone-Krainov (ADK) and Perelomov-Popov-Terent'ev (PPT). We find that the measured phase change induced by plasma formation can be explained by the ADK theory in the adiabatic tunneling ionization regime, while PPT model can be applied to all different regimes. We have also measured the photoionization and fractional photodissociation of molecular (MO) hydrogen. By comparing our experimental results with PPT and MO-PPT models, we have determined the likely ionization pathways when using three different pump laser wavelengths of 800 nm, 400 nm, and 267 nm.
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10
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Glebov EM. Femtochemistry methods for studying the photophysics and photochemistry of halide complexes of platinum metals. Russ Chem Bull 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-022-3486-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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11
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Srinivas H, Shobeiry F, Bharti D, Pfeifer T, Moshammer R, Harth A. High-repetition rate attosecond beamline for multi-particle coincidence experiments. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:13630-13646. [PMID: 35472972 DOI: 10.1364/oe.454553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a 3-dimensional photoelectron/ion momentum spectrometer (reaction microscope) combined with a table-top attosecond beamline based on a high-repetition rate (49 kHz) laser source is presented. The beamline is designed to achieve a temporal stability below 50 attoseconds. Results from measurements on systems like molecular hydrogen and argon dimers demonstrate the capabilities of this setup in observing the attosecond dynamics in 3D while covering the full solid angle for ionization processes having low cross-sections.
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12
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Goldberger D, Schmidt D, Barolak J, Ivanic B, Durfee CG, Adams DE. Spatiospectral characterization of ultrafast pulse-beams by multiplexed broadband ptychography. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:32474-32490. [PMID: 34615317 DOI: 10.1364/oe.433752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast pulse-beam characterization is critical for diverse scientific and industrial applications from micromachining to generating the highest intensity laser pulses. The four-dimensional structure of a pulse-beam, E~(x,y,z,ω), can be fully characterized by coupling spatiospectral metrology with spectral phase measurement. When temporal pulse dynamics are not of primary interest, spatiospectral characterization of a pulse-beam provides crucial information even without spectral phase. Here we demonstrate spatiospectral characterization of pulse-beams via multiplexed broadband ptychography. The complex spatial profiles of multiple spectral components, E~(x,y,ω), from modelocked Ti:sapphire and from extreme ultra-violet pulse-beams are reconstructed with minimum intervening optics and no refocusing. Critically, our technique does not require spectral filters, interferometers, or reference pulses.
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13
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Pang Z, Wang Z, Shen F, Hong W. Phase-matching control of high-order harmonics with circular Airy-Gaussian beams. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:29308-29319. [PMID: 34615042 DOI: 10.1364/oe.436029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the phase-matching of the high harmonics (HHG) driven by the circular Airy-Gaussian beams (CAiGB), which abruptly auto-focus and subsequently propagate without diffraction. The results show that the harmonics corresponding to both short and long quantum paths can be well phase-matched after the focusing point of the CAiGB. Therefore, the effective interaction length of HHG for CAiGB is much longer than that for the conventional Gaussian beams with the same size of the waist. Our numerical simulations reveal that the harmonics continuously gain up to 1 cm of the propagation distance. This work provides a route to enhance the conversion efficiency of HHG by the coherent control of abrupt auto-focusing beams.
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14
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Yang Z, Cao W, Mo Y, Xu H, Mi K, Lan P, Zhang Q, Lu P. All-optical attosecond time domain interferometry. Natl Sci Rev 2020; 8:nwaa211. [PMID: 34858599 PMCID: PMC8566176 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferometry, a key technique in modern precision measurements, has been used for length measurement in engineering metrology and astronomy. An analogous time-domain interferometric technique would represent a significant complement to spatial domain applications and require the manipulation of interference on extreme time and energy scales. Here, we report an all-optical interferometer using laser-driven high order harmonics as attosecond temporal slits. By controlling the phase of the temporal slits with an external field, a time domain interferometer that preserves both attosecond temporal resolution and hundreds of meV energy resolution is implemented. We apply this exceptional temporal resolution to reconstruct the waveform of an arbitrarily polarized optical pulse, and utilize the provided energy resolution to interrogate the abnormal character of the transition dipole near the Cooper minimum in argon. This novel attosecond interferometry paves the way for high precision measurements in the time-energy domain using all-optical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yunlong Mo
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Huiyao Xu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Kang Mi
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Pengfei Lan
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qingbin Zhang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Peixiang Lu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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15
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Nishidome H, Nagai K, Uchida K, Ichinose Y, Yomogida Y, Miyata Y, Tanaka K, Yanagi K. Control of High-Harmonic Generation by Tuning the Electronic Structure and Carrier Injection. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:6215-6221. [PMID: 32787188 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
High-harmonic generation (HHG), which is the generation of light with multiple optical harmonics, is an unconventional nonlinear optical phenomenon beyond the perturbation regime. HHG, which was initially observed in gaseous media, has recently been demonstrated in solid-state materials. Determining how to control such extreme nonlinear optical phenomena is a challenging subject. Here, we demonstrate the control of HHG through tuning the electronic structure and carrier injection using single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). We reveal systematic changes in the high-harmonic spectra of SWCNTs with a series of electronic structures ranging from a metal structure to a semiconductor structure. We demonstrate enhancement or reduction of harmonic generation by more than 1 order of magnitude by tuning the electron and hole injection into the semiconductor SWCNTs through electrolyte gating. These results open a path toward the control of HHG in the context of field-effect transistor devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Nishidome
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Kohei Nagai
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kento Uchida
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yota Ichinose
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Yohei Yomogida
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Yasumitsu Miyata
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Koichiro Tanaka
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Science (WPI-iCeMs), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yanagi
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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16
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Sie EJ, Rohwer T, Lee C, Gedik N. Time-resolved XUV ARPES with tunable 24-33 eV laser pulses at 30 meV resolution. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3535. [PMID: 31388015 PMCID: PMC6684652 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11492-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
High harmonic generation of ultrafast laser pulses can be used to perform angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) to map the electronic band structure of materials with femtosecond time resolution. However, currently it is difficult to reach high momenta with narrow energy resolution. Here, we combine a gas phase extreme ultraviolet (XUV) femtosecond light source, an XUV monochromator, and a time-of-flight electron analyzer to develop XUV-based time-resolved ARPES. Our technique can produce tunable photon energy between 24-33 eV with an unprecedented energy resolution of 30 meV and time resolution of 200 fs. This technique enables time-, energy- and momentum-resolved investigation of the nonequilibrium dynamics of electrons in materials with a full access to their first Brillouin zone. We evaluate the performance of this setup through exemplary measurements on various quantum materials, including WTe2, WSe2, TiSe2, and Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edbert J Sie
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Timm Rohwer
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Changmin Lee
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Nuh Gedik
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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17
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Schoenlein R, Elsaesser T, Holldack K, Huang Z, Kapteyn H, Murnane M, Woerner M. Recent advances in ultrafast X-ray sources. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2019; 377:20180384. [PMID: 30929633 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2018.0384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Over more than a century, X-rays have transformed our understanding of the fundamental structure of matter and have been an indispensable tool for chemistry, physics, biology, materials science and related fields. Recent advances in ultrafast X-ray sources operating in the femtosecond to attosecond regimes have opened an important new frontier in X-ray science. These advances now enable: (i) sensitive probing of structural dynamics in matter on the fundamental timescales of atomic motion, (ii) element-specific probing of electronic structure and charge dynamics on fundamental timescales of electronic motion, and (iii) powerful new approaches for unravelling the coupling between electronic and atomic structural dynamics that underpin the properties and function of matter. Most notable is the recent realization of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) with numerous new XFEL facilities in operation or under development worldwide. Advances in XFELs are complemented by advances in synchrotron-based and table-top laser-plasma X-ray sources now operating in the femtosecond regime, and laser-based high-order harmonic XUV sources operating in the attosecond regime. This article is part of the theme issue 'Measurement of ultrafast electronic and structural dynamics with X-rays'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Schoenlein
- 1 SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025 , USA
| | - Thomas Elsaesser
- 2 Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Karsten Holldack
- 3 Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Zhirong Huang
- 1 SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025 , USA
| | - Henry Kapteyn
- 4 Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado , Boulder, CO 80309-0440 , USA
| | - Margaret Murnane
- 4 Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado , Boulder, CO 80309-0440 , USA
| | - Michael Woerner
- 2 Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie , 12489 Berlin , Germany
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18
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Gorman TT, Scarborough TD, Abanador PM, Mauger F, Kiesewetter D, Sándor P, Khatri S, Lopata K, Schafer KJ, Agostini P, Gaarde MB, DiMauro LF. Probing the interplay between geometric and electronic-structure features via high-harmonic spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:184308. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5086036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T. T. Gorman
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - T. D. Scarborough
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - P. M. Abanador
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - F. Mauger
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - D. Kiesewetter
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - P. Sándor
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - S. Khatri
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - K. Lopata
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - K. J. Schafer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - P. Agostini
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - M. B. Gaarde
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - L. F. DiMauro
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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19
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Spin-ARPES EUV Beamline for Ultrafast Materials Research and Development. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9030370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A new femtosecond, Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV), Time Resolved Spin-Angle Resolved Photo-Emission Spectroscopy (TR-Spin-ARPES) beamline was developed for ultrafast materials research and development. This 50-fs laser-driven, table-top beamline is an integral part of the “Ultrafast Spintronic Materials Facility”, dedicated to engineering ultrafast materials. This facility provides a fast and in-situ analysis and development of new materials. The EUV source based on high harmonic generation process emits 2.3 × 1011 photons/second (2.3 × 108 photons/pulse) at H23 (35.7 eV) and its photon energy ranges from 10 eV to 75 eV, which enables surface sensitive studies of the electronic structure dynamics. The EUV monochromator provides the narrow bandwidth of the EUV beamline while preserving its pulse duration in an energy range of 10–100 eV. Ultrafast surface photovoltaic effect with ~650 fs rise-time was observed in p-GaAs (100) from time-resolved ARPES spectra. The data acquisition time could be reduced by over two orders of magnitude by scaling the laser driver from 1 KHz, 4W to MHz, KW average power.
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20
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Cruz-Rodríguez L, Uranga-Piña L, Martínez-Mesa A, Meier C. Quantum trajectory study of laser-driven atomic ionization. Chem Phys Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2018.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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21
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Wöstmann M, Splitthoff L, Zacharias H. Control of quasi-phase-matching of high-harmonics in a spatially structured plasma. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:14524-14537. [PMID: 29877488 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.014524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
High-harmonic generation is widely used for providing extreme ultraviolet radiation in attosecond science. Such experiments include photoelectron spectroscopy, diffractive imaging, or the investigation of spin dynamics. Many applications are restricted by a low photon flux which originates from the low efficiency of the generation process. In this article an effective method based on the quasi-phase-matched generation of high harmonics in spatially structured, laser ablated plasma is demonstrated. Through a proper dimensioning of the plasma structure, the harmonic yield is optimized for a controllable range of harmonic orders. By using four coherent zones, the intensity of a single harmonic is increased to a maximal possible value of 16 compared to using a single zone. The Gouy phase shift of the fundamental field is identified as the primary effect responsible for constructive interference of the harmonic fields generated in the individual plasma jets of the plasma structure.
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22
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Jordan I, Jain A, Gaumnitz T, Ma J, Wörner HJ. Photoelectron spectrometer for liquid and gas-phase attosecond spectroscopy with field-free and magnetic bottle operation modes. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:053103. [PMID: 29864864 DOI: 10.1063/1.5011657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A compact time-of-flight spectrometer for applications in attosecond spectroscopy in the liquid and gas phases is presented. It allows for altering the collection efficiency by transitioning between field-free and magnetic-bottle operation modes. High energy resolution (ΔE/E = 0.03 for kinetic energies >20 eV) is achieved despite the short flight-tube length through a homogeneous deceleration potential at the beginning of the flight tube. A closing mechanism allows isolating the vacuum system of the flight tube from the interaction region in order to efficiently perform liquid-microjet experiments. The capabilities of the instrument are demonstrated through photoelectron spectra from multiphoton ionization of argon and xenon, as well as photoelectron spectra of liquid and gaseous water generated by an attosecond pulse train.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Jordan
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Arohi Jain
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Gaumnitz
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jun Ma
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans Jakob Wörner
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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23
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Quan W, Hao X, Chen Y, Yu S, Xu S, Wang Y, Sun R, Lai X, Wu C, Gong Q, He X, Liu X, Chen J. Long-Range Coulomb Effect in Intense Laser-Driven Photoelectron Dynamics. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27108. [PMID: 27256904 PMCID: PMC4891819 DOI: 10.1038/srep27108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In strong field atomic physics community, long-range Coulomb interaction has for a long time been overlooked and its significant role in intense laser-driven photoelectron dynamics eluded experimental observations. Here we report an experimental investigation of the effect of long-range Coulomb potential on the dynamics of near-zero-momentum photoelectrons produced in photo-ionization process of noble gas atoms in intense midinfrared laser pulses. By exploring the dependence of photoelectron distributions near zero momentum on laser intensity and wavelength, we unambiguously demonstrate that the long-range tail of the Coulomb potential (i.e., up to several hundreds atomic units) plays an important role in determining the photoelectron dynamics after the pulse ends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics and Center for Cold Atom Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - XiaoLei Hao
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Department of Physics, Shanxi University, 030006 Taiyuan, China
| | - YongJu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics and Center for Cold Atom Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.,School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - ShaoGang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics and Center for Cold Atom Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.,School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - SongPo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics and Center for Cold Atom Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.,School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - YanLan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics and Center for Cold Atom Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.,School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - RenPing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics and Center for Cold Atom Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.,School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - XuanYang Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics and Center for Cold Atom Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - ChengYin Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
| | - QiHuang Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
| | - XianTu He
- HEDPS, Center for Applied Physics and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA, Peking University, Beijing 100084, China.,Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, P. O. Box 8009, Beijing 100088, China
| | - XiaoJun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics and Center for Cold Atom Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jing Chen
- HEDPS, Center for Applied Physics and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA, Peking University, Beijing 100084, China.,Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, P. O. Box 8009, Beijing 100088, China
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24
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Borgwardt M, Wilke M, Kampen T, Mähl S, Xiao M, Spiccia L, Lange KM, Kiyan IY, Aziz EF. Charge Transfer Dynamics at Dye-Sensitized ZnO and TiO2 Interfaces Studied by Ultrafast XUV Photoelectron Spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24422. [PMID: 27073060 PMCID: PMC4829909 DOI: 10.1038/srep24422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Interfacial charge transfer from photoexcited ruthenium-based N3 dye molecules into ZnO thin films received controversial interpretations. To identify the physical origin for the delayed electron transfer in ZnO compared to TiO2, we probe directly the electronic structure at both dye-semiconductor interfaces by applying ultrafast XUV photoemission spectroscopy. In the range of pump-probe time delays between 0.5 to 1.0 ps, the transient signal of the intermediate states was compared, revealing a distinct difference in their electron binding energies of 0.4 eV. This finding strongly indicates the nature of the charge injection at the ZnO interface associated with the formation of an interfacial electron-cation complex. It further highlights that the energetic alignment between the dye donor and semiconductor acceptor states appears to be of minor importance for the injection kinetics and that the injection efficiency is dominated by the electronic coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Borgwardt
- Joint Laboratory for Ultrafast Dynamics in Solutions and at Interfaces (JULiq), Institute of Methods for Material Development, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Wilke
- Joint Laboratory for Ultrafast Dynamics in Solutions and at Interfaces (JULiq), Institute of Methods for Material Development, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thorsten Kampen
- SPECS Surface Nano Analysis GmbH, Voltastrasse 5, D-13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Mähl
- SPECS Surface Nano Analysis GmbH, Voltastrasse 5, D-13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Manda Xiao
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton 3800, VIC, Australia
| | - Leone Spiccia
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton 3800, VIC, Australia
| | - Kathrin M. Lange
- Institute of Solar Fuels, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Igor Yu. Kiyan
- Joint Laboratory for Ultrafast Dynamics in Solutions and at Interfaces (JULiq), Institute of Methods for Material Development, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Emad F. Aziz
- Joint Laboratory for Ultrafast Dynamics in Solutions and at Interfaces (JULiq), Institute of Methods for Material Development, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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25
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Borgwardt M, Wilke M, Kiyan IY, Aziz EF. Ultrafast excited states dynamics of [Ru(bpy)3]2+ dissolved in ionic liquids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:28893-28900. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp05655e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate the potential of room-temperature ionic liquids as solvents to investigate the excited states dynamics of [Ru(bpy)3]2+ by means of time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Borgwardt
- Joint Laboratory for Ultrafast Dynamics in Solutions and at Interfaces (JULiq)
- Institute of Methods for Material Development
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
- D-12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Martin Wilke
- Joint Laboratory for Ultrafast Dynamics in Solutions and at Interfaces (JULiq)
- Institute of Methods for Material Development
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
- D-12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Igor Yu. Kiyan
- Joint Laboratory for Ultrafast Dynamics in Solutions and at Interfaces (JULiq)
- Institute of Methods for Material Development
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
- D-12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Emad F. Aziz
- Joint Laboratory for Ultrafast Dynamics in Solutions and at Interfaces (JULiq)
- Institute of Methods for Material Development
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
- D-12489 Berlin
- Germany
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26
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Zayko S, Mönnich E, Sivis M, Mai DD, Salditt T, Schäfer S, Ropers C. Coherent diffractive imaging beyond the projection approximation: waveguiding at extreme ultraviolet wavelengths. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:19911-21. [PMID: 26367651 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.019911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We study extreme-ultraviolet wave propagation within optically thick nanostructures by means of high-resolution coherent diffractive imaging using high-harmonic radiation. Exit waves from different objects are reconstructed by phase retrieval algorithms, and are shown to be dominated by waveguiding within the sample. The experiments provide a direct visualization of extreme-ultraviolet guided modes, and demonstrate that multiple scattering is a generic feature in extruded nanoscale geometries. The observations are successfully reproduced in numerical and semi-analytical simulations.
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27
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Generation of bright isolated attosecond soft X-ray pulses driven by multicycle midinfrared lasers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E2361-7. [PMID: 24850866 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1407421111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
High harmonic generation driven by femtosecond lasers makes it possible to capture the fastest dynamics in molecules and materials. However, to date the shortest subfemtosecond (attosecond, 10(-18) s) pulses have been produced only in the extreme UV region of the spectrum below 100 eV, which limits the range of materials and molecular systems that can be explored. Here we experimentally demonstrate a remarkable convergence of physics: when midinfrared lasers are used to drive high harmonic generation, the conditions for optimal bright, soft X-ray generation naturally coincide with the generation of isolated attosecond pulses. The temporal window over which phase matching occurs shrinks rapidly with increasing driving laser wavelength, to the extent that bright isolated attosecond pulses are the norm for 2-µm driving lasers. Harnessing this realization, we experimentally demonstrate the generation of isolated soft X-ray attosecond pulses at photon energies up to 180 eV for the first time, to our knowledge, with a transform limit of 35 attoseconds (as), and a predicted linear chirp of 300 as. Most surprisingly, advanced theory shows that in contrast with as pulse generation in the extreme UV, long-duration, 10-cycle, driving laser pulses are required to generate isolated soft X-ray bursts efficiently, to mitigate group velocity walk-off between the laser and the X-ray fields that otherwise limit the conversion efficiency. Our work demonstrates a clear and straightforward approach for robustly generating bright isolated attosecond pulses of electromagnetic radiation throughout the soft X-ray region of the spectrum.
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28
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Vöhringer-Martinez E, Link O, Lugovoy E, Siefermann KR, Wiederschein F, Grubmüller H, Abel B. Hydrogen bond dynamics of superheated water and methanol by ultrafast IR-pump and EUV-photoelectron probe spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:19365-75. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp02063d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Snapshot of superheated water 40 ps after fs-IR laser excitation; representative aggregates formed during the simulation (close-up) compared to one obtained from superheated methanol phase (inset).
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Vöhringer-Martinez
- Departamento de Físico-Química
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad de Concepción
- Concepción, Chile
| | - O. Link
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie
- Georg August Universität Göttingen
- Göttingen, Germany
| | - E. Lugovoy
- Leibniz-Institute of Surface Modification (IOM)
- 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie
- Universität Leipzig
- 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - K. R. Siefermann
- Leibniz-Institute of Surface Modification (IOM)
- 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - F. Wiederschein
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie
- 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - H. Grubmüller
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie
- 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - B. Abel
- Leibniz-Institute of Surface Modification (IOM)
- 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie
- Universität Leipzig
- 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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29
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Hernández-García C, Picón A, San Román J, Plaja L. Attosecond extreme ultraviolet vortices from high-order harmonic generation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:083602. [PMID: 24010438 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.083602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We present a theoretical study of high-order harmonic generation (HHG) and propagation driven by an infrared field carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM). Our calculations unveil the following relevant phenomena: extreme-ultraviolet harmonic vortices are generated and survive to the propagation effects, vortices transport high-OAM multiples of the corresponding OAM of the driving field and, finally, the different harmonic vortices are emitted with similar divergence. We also show the possibility of combining OAM and HHG phase locking to produce attosecond pulses with helical pulse structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Hernández-García
- Grupo de Investigación en Óptica Extrema, Universidad de Salamanca, E-37008 Salamanca, Spain and JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
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30
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Sivis M, Ropers C. Generation and bistability of a waveguide nanoplasma observed by enhanced extreme-ultraviolet fluorescence. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:085001. [PMID: 24010446 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.085001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We present a study of the highly nonlinear optical excitation of noble gases in tapered hollow waveguides using few-femtosecond laser pulses. The local plasmonic field enhancement induces the generation of a nanometric plasma, resulting in incoherent extreme-ultraviolet fluorescence from optical transitions of neutral and ionized xenon, argon, and neon. Despite sufficient intensity in the waveguide, high-order harmonic generation is not observed. The fluorescent emission exhibits a strong bistability manifest as an intensity hysteresis, giving strong indications for multistep collisional excitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Sivis
- IV. Physical Institute, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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31
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Chiang CT, Blättermann A, Huth M, Kirschner J, Widdra W. Oscillator-based High-order Harmonic Generation at 4MHz for Applications in Time-of-Flight Photoemission Spectroscopy. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2013. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20134101019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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32
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Mikhailova JM, Fedorov MV, Karpowicz N, Gibbon P, Platonenko VT, Zheltikov AM, Krausz F. Isolated attosecond pulses from laser-driven synchrotron radiation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:245005. [PMID: 23368335 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.245005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A quantitative theory of attosecond pulse generation in relativistically driven overdense plasma slabs is presented based on an explicit analysis of synchrotron-type electron trajectories. The subcycle, field-controlled release, and subsequent nanometer-scale acceleration of relativistic electron bunches under the combined action of the laser and ionic potentials give rise to coherent radiation with a high-frequency cutoff, intensity, and radiation pattern explained in terms of the basic laws of synchrotron radiation. The emerging radiation is confined to time intervals much shorter than the half-cycle of the driver field. This intuitive approach will be instrumental in analyzing and optimizing few-cycle-laser-driven relativistic sources of intense isolated extreme ultraviolet and x-ray pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Mikhailova
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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33
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López-Arias M, Oujja M, Sanz M, de Nalda R, Ganeev R, Castillejo M. Generation of low-order harmonics in laser ablation plasmas. Mol Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2012.664663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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34
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Nanostructure-enhanced atomic line emission. Nature 2012; 485:E1-2; discussion E2-3. [DOI: 10.1038/nature10978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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35
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Michelswirth M, Dachraoui H, Mattay J, Heinzmann U. Radiationless S1 → S0phenyl deactivation pathway: an investigation of iodine-marked bi-phenyl on a silicon surface by means of time resolved core-level photoelectron spectroscopy. Mol Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2011.640289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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36
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Laser Guiding Through an Axially Nonuniform Collisionless Plasma Channel. JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10894-011-9498-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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37
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Guidance of a Laser Beam Through an Axially Non-Uniform Plasma Channel in the Weakly Relativistic Limit. JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10894-011-9425-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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38
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Role of multiphoton excitation and two-electron effects in high harmonic generation of H2: A TDDFT calculation. Chem Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2011.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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39
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Willner A, Tavella F, Yeung M, Dzelzainis T, Kamperidis C, Bakarezos M, Adams D, Schulz M, Riedel R, Hoffmann MC, Hu W, Rossbach J, Drescher M, Papadogiannis NA, Tatarakis M, Dromey B, Zepf M. Coherent control of high harmonic generation via dual-gas multijet arrays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:175002. [PMID: 22107529 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.175002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
High harmonic generation (HHG) is a central driver of the rapidly growing field of ultrafast science. We present a novel quasiphase-matching (QPM) concept with a dual-gas multijet target leading, for the first time, to remarkable phase control between multiple HHG sources (>2) within the Rayleigh range. The alternating jet structure with driving and matching zones shows perfect coherent buildup for up to six QPM periods. Although not in the focus of the proof-of-principle studies presented here, we achieved competitive conversion efficiencies already in this early stage of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Willner
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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40
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Mohamed WT, Chen G, Kim J, Tao GX, Ahn J, Kim DE. Controlling the length of plasma waveguide up to 5 mm, produced by femtosecond laser pulses in atomic clustered gas. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:15919-15928. [PMID: 21934955 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.015919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of longitudinally uniform plasma waveguide with a controlled length of up to nearly 5 mm, in argon clustered gas jet. This self-channeling plasma is obtained using a 35 mJ, 30 fs FWHM pulse as a pump laser pulse to create the plasma channel. A 1 mJ pulse of the same laser is used for probing the plasma channels using interferometric diagnostics. The radial distribution of the electron density confirms the formation of a plasma waveguide. Clustered argon enhances the absorption efficiency of femtosecond pulses which enables the use of pump pulses of only 35 mJ, approximately 10 times less energy than required for heating conventional gas targets. The plasma channel length is controlled by the laser focus point (F), the laser intensity (I), the pump-probe delay time (t) and the laser height from a nozzle (z). The variation of the electron density for these parameters is also studied. We found that the highest density of 1.2 x 10(19) cm(-3) was obtained at I = 5.2 x 10(16) W/cm(2), z = 2 mm and t = 7.6 ns. It was demonstrated that by using a clustered jet, both the plasma waveguide length and the plasma density could be controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Tawfik Mohamed
- Department of Physics & Center for Attosecond Science and Technology (CASTECH), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784, Korea
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41
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Kornilov O, Bünermann O, Haxton DJ, Leone SR, Neumark DM, Gessner O. Femtosecond Photoelectron Imaging of Transient Electronic States and Rydberg Atom Emission from Electronically Excited He Droplets. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:7891-900. [DOI: 10.1021/jp2004216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Kornilov
- Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Oliver Bünermann
- Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Daniel J. Haxton
- Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Stephen R. Leone
- Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Daniel M. Neumark
- Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Oliver Gessner
- Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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42
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de Nalda R, López-Arias M, Sanz M, Oujja M, Castillejo M. Harmonic generation in ablation plasmas of wide bandgap semiconductors. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:10755-61. [PMID: 21547285 DOI: 10.1039/c0cp02904a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Third and fifth harmonic generation of an IR (1.064 μm) pulsed laser has been produced in ablation plasmas of the wide bandgap semiconductors CdS and ZnS. The study of the temporal behaviour of the harmonic emission has revealed the presence of distinct compositional populations in these complex plasmas. Species ranging from atoms to nanometre-sized particles have been identified as emitters, and their nonlinear optical properties can be studied separately due to strongly differing temporal behaviour. At short distances from the target (<1 mm), atomic species are mostly responsible for harmonic generation at early times (<500 ns), while clusters and nanoaggregates mostly contribute at longer times (>1 μs). Harmonic generation thus emerges as a powerful and universal technique for ablation plasma diagnosis and as a tool to determine the nonlinear optical susceptibility of ejected clusters or nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- R de Nalda
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, CSIC, Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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43
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Brée C, Demircan A, Steinmeyer G. Saturation of the all-optical Kerr effect. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:183902. [PMID: 21635087 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.183902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Saturation of the intensity dependence of the refractive index is directly computed from ionization rates via a Kramers-Kronig transform. The linear intensity dependence and its dispersion are found to be in excellent agreement with complete quantum mechanical orbital computations. Higher-order terms concur with solutions of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. Expanding the formalism to all orders up to the ionization potential of the atom, we derive a model for saturation of the Kerr effect. This model widely confirms recently published and controversially discussed experimental data and corroborates the importance of higher-order Kerr terms for filamentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Brée
- Weierstrass-Institut für Angewandte Analysis und Stochastik, Berlin, Germany
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44
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Schapper F, Holler M, Auguste T, Zaïr A, Weger M, Salières P, Gallmann L, Keller U. Spatial fingerprint of quantum path interferences in high order harmonic generation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:2987-2994. [PMID: 20174127 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.002987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We have spatially and spectrally resolved the high order harmonic emission from an argon gas target. Under proper phase matching conditions we were able to observe for the first time the spatial fine structure originating from the interference of the two shortest quantum paths in the harmonic beam. The structure can be explained by the intensity-dependent harmonic phase of the contributions from the two paths. The spatially and spectrally resolved measurements are consistent with previous spatially integrated results. Our measurement method represents a new tool to clearly distinguish between different interference effects and to potentially observe higher order trajectories in the future with improved detection sensitivity. Here, we demonstrate additional experimental evidence that the observed interference pattern is only due to quantum-path interferences and cannot be explained by a phase modulation effect. Our experimental results are fully supported by simulations using the strong field approximation and including propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Schapper
- Physics Department, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Abstract
Abstract
Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) is a well established tool for quantitative studies of the composition and the chemical environment of molecular systems. Recent developments in the generation and utilization of ultrashort X-ray pulses now add the dimension of time to this technique and will expand the possibilities of femtochemistry in terms of chemical selectivity, quality of information, and temporal resolution. The properties and capabilities of various X-ray pulse sources are discussed, along with their prospects for dynamical studies. Examples of time-resolved electron spectroscopy are presented in the femtosecond (1 fs = 10−15 s) as well as the attosecond (1 as = 10−18 s) regime, the latter marking the current ultimate limit for the time-resolution in pump-probe experiments.
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46
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Link O, Vöhringer-Martinez E, Lugovoj E, Liu Y, Siefermann K, Faubel M, Grubmüller H, Gerber RB, Miller Y, Abel B. Ultrafast phase transitions in metastable water near liquid interfaces. Faraday Discuss 2009; 141:67-79; discussion 81-98. [DOI: 10.1039/b811659h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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47
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Wavepacket Dynamics of Molecules in Intense Laser Fields. SPRINGER SERIES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-69143-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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48
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Doumy
- Department of Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Louis F. DiMauro
- Department of Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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49
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Kato T, Kono H. Time-dependent multiconfiguration theory for electronic dynamics of molecules in intense laser fields: A description in terms of numerical orbital functions. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:184102. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2912066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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50
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Kling M, Siedschlag C, Znakovskaya I, Verhoef A, Zherebtsov S, Krausz F, Lezius M, Vrakking M. Strong-field control of electron localisation during molecular dissociation. Mol Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00268970701864739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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