1
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Doronin IV, Zyablovsky AA, Andrianov ES, Kalmykov AS, Gritchenko AS, Khlebtsov BN, Wang SP, Kang B, Balykin VI, Melentiev PN. Quantum engineering of the radiative properties of a nanoscale mesoscopic system. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:14899-14910. [PMID: 39040019 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01233j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Despite the recent advances in quantum technology, the problem of controlling the light emission properties of quantum emitters used in numerous applications remains: a large spectral width, low intensity, blinking, photodegradation, biocompatibility, etc. In this work, we present the theoretical and experimental investigation of quantum light sources - mesoscopic systems consisting of fluorescent molecules in a thin polydopamine layer coupled with metallic or dielectric nanoparticles. Polydopamines possess many attractive adhesive and optical properties that promise their use as host media for dye molecules. However, numerous attempts to incorporate fluorescent molecules into polydopamines have failed, as polydopamine has been shown to be a very efficient fluorescence quencher through Förster resonance energy transfer and/or photoinduced electron transfer. Using the system as an example, we demonstrate new insights into the interactions between molecules and electromagnetic fields by carefully shaping its energy levels through strong matter-wave coupling of molecules to metallic nanoparticles. We show that the strong coupling effectively suppresses the quenching of fluorescent molecules in polydopamine, opening new possibilities for imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- I V Doronin
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Zyablovsky
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Theoretical and Applied Electromagnetics, Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - E S Andrianov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Theoretical and Applied Electromagnetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - A S Kalmykov
- Institute of Spectroscopy RAS, Moscow, Troitsk 108840, Russia
| | - A S Gritchenko
- Institute of Spectroscopy RAS, Moscow, Troitsk 108840, Russia
| | - B N Khlebtsov
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Saratov Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratov, Russia
| | - S-P Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Bin Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | | | - Pavel N Melentiev
- Institute of Spectroscopy RAS, Moscow, Troitsk 108840, Russia
- National Research University, Moscow, Russia.
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2
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Zaier R, Bancerek M, Kluczyk-Korch K, Antosiewicz TJ. Influence of molecular structure on the coupling strength to a plasmonic nanoparticle and hot carrier generation. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:12163-12173. [PMID: 38835327 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01198h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Strong coupling between metal nanoparticles and molecules mixes their excitations, creating new eigenstates with modified properties such as altered chemical reactivity, different relaxation pathways or modified phase transitions. Here, we explore excited state plasmon-molecule coupling and discuss how strong coupling together with a changed orientation and number of an asymmetric molecule affects the generation of hot carriers in the system. We used a promising plasmonic material, magnesium, for the nanoparticle and coupled it with CPDT molecules, which are used in organic optoelectronic materials for organic electronic applications due to their facile modification, electron-rich structure, low band gap, high electrical conductivity and good charge transport properties. By employing computational quantum electronic tools we demonstrate the existence of a strong coupling mediated charge transfer plasmon whose direction, magnitude, and spectral position can be tuned. We find that the orientation of CPDT changes the nanoparticle-molecule gap for which maximum charge separation occurs, while larger gaps result in trapping hot carriers within the moieties due to weaker interactions. This research highlights the potential for tuning hot carrier generation in strongly coupled plasmon-molecule systems for enhanced energy generation or excited state chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Zaier
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Maria Bancerek
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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3
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Wu T, Lalanne P. Exact Maxwell evolution equation of resonator dynamics: temporal coupled-mode theory revisited. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:20904-20914. [PMID: 38859459 DOI: 10.1364/oe.517237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Despite its widespread significance, the temporal coupled-mode theory (CMT) lacks a foundational validation based on electromagnetic principles and stands as a phenomenological theory relying on fitted coupling coefficients. We employ an ab initio Maxwellian approach using quasinormal-mode theory to derive an "exact" Maxwell evolution (EME) equation for resonator dynamics. While the resulting differential equation bears resemblance to the classical one, it introduces novel terms embodying distinct physics, suggesting that the CMT predictions could be faulted by dedicated experiments, for instance carried out with short and off-resonance pulses, or with resonators of sizes comparable to or greater than the wavelength. Nonetheless, our examination indicates that, despite its inherent lack of strictness, the CMT enables precise predictions for numerous experiments due to the flexibility provided by the fitted coupling coefficients. The new EME equation is anticipated to be applicable to all electromagnetic resonator geometries, and the theoretical approach we have taken can be extended to other wave physics.
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4
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Bourgeois MR, Pan F, Anyanwu CP, Nixon AG, Beutler EK, Dionne JA, Goldsmith RH, Masiello DJ. Spectroscopy in Nanoscopic Cavities: Models and Recent Experiments. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2024; 75:509-534. [PMID: 38941525 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-083122-125525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
The ability of nanophotonic cavities to confine and store light to nanoscale dimensions has important implications for enhancing molecular, excitonic, phononic, and plasmonic optical responses. Spectroscopic signatures of processes that are ordinarily exceedingly weak such as pure absorption and Raman scattering have been brought to the single-particle limit of detection, while new emergent polaritonic states of optical matter have been realized through coupling material and photonic cavity degrees of freedom across a wide range of experimentally accessible interaction strengths. In this review, we discuss both optical and electron beam spectroscopies of cavity-coupled material systems in weak, strong, and ultrastrong coupling regimes, providing a theoretical basis for understanding the physics inherent to each while highlighting recent experimental advances and exciting future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc R Bourgeois
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA;
| | - Feng Pan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - C Praise Anyanwu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA;
| | - Austin G Nixon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA;
| | - Elliot K Beutler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA;
| | - Jennifer A Dionne
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Randall H Goldsmith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - David J Masiello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA;
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5
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Tang XT, Ma L, You Y, Du XJ, Qiu H, Guan XH, He J, Yang ZJ. Relations between near-field enhancements and Purcell factors in hybrid nanostructures of plasmonic antennas and dielectric cavities. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:16746-16760. [PMID: 38858873 DOI: 10.1364/oe.521090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Strong near-field enhancements (NFEs) of nanophotonic structures are believed to be closely related to high Purcell factors (FP). Here, we theoretically show that the correlation is partially correct; the extinction cross section (σ) response is also critical in determining FP. The divergence between NFE and FP is especially pronounced in plasmonic-dielectric hybrid systems, where the plasmonic antenna supports dipolar plasmon modes and the dielectric cavity hosts Mie-like resonances. The cavity's enhanced-field environment can boost the antenna's NFEs, but the FP is not increased concurrently due to the larger effective σ that is intrinsic to the FP calculations. Interestingly, the peak FP for the coupled system can be predicted by using the NFE and σ responses. Furthermore, the limits for FP of coupled systems are considered; they are determined by the sum of the FP of a redshifted (or modified, if applicable) antenna and an individual cavity. This contrasts starkly with the behavior of NFE which is closely associated with the multiplicative effects of the NFEs provided by the antenna and the dielectric cavity. The differing behaviors of NFE and FP in hybrid cavities have varied impacts on relevant nanophotonic applications such as fluorescence, Raman scattering and enhanced light-matter interactions.
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6
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Tao Q, Su Y, Tao C, Zhong Y, Liu H. Efficient method for modeling large-scale arrays of optical nanoresonators based on the coupling theory of quasinormal mode. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:7171-7184. [PMID: 38439405 DOI: 10.1364/oe.515087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
We propose an efficient method for calculating the electromagnetic field of a large-scale array of optical nanoresonators based on the coupling theory of quasinormal mode (QNM). In this method, two approaches of the scattered-field reconstruction and stationary-phase-principle calculated plane-wave expansion are developed to obtain the regularized QNM (RQNM) in different regions. This accurate and efficient calculation of RQNM resolves the far-field divergence issue of QNMs in the QNM-coupling theory, thus enabling a rapid computation of the electromagnetic field of a large-scale array of optical nanoresonators, which is a challenging task for full-wave numerical methods. Using this method, we consider the numerical example of the radiation problem of a single point source in a large-scale periodic array of optical nanoantennas. In comparison to full-wave numerical methods, this method significantly reduces the computation time by 1∼2 orders of magnitude while maintaining accuracy. The high computational efficiency and physical intuitiveness of the method enables to clarify the impact of array size (exceeding 50 × 50 wavelengths), period and field-coupling range (far beyond the tight-binding approximation) on the optical response. The proposed method and results can provide an efficient tool and guidance for the design of large-scale arrays of optical nanoresonators.
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7
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Wang B, Hu A, Liu Q, Wang Y, Zhang S, Ren Y, Li S, Xia J, Guo X. Deep ultraviolet AlGaN-multiple quantum wells with photoluminescence enhanced by topological corner state. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:7873-7881. [PMID: 38439457 DOI: 10.1364/oe.513773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
The AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet light-emitting diode (DUV LED) has advantages of environmentally friendly materials, tunable emission wavelength, and easy miniaturization. However, an increase in Al composition leads to a decline in the lattice quality, thereby reducing the internal quantum efficiency (IQE). In addition, the light extraction efficiency (LEE) is limited due to the strong transverse magnetization polarization emission from the multiple quantum wells. Here, we designed the topological corner structure in AlGaN-MQWs, and the high electric field intensity in a tiny space at the corner results in an extremely high local density of optical states (LDOS), which could shorten the luminescence decay time of the emitter and increase the radiative rate by 26 times. Meanwhile, because the excited topological corner state resonance mode is a transverse-electric mode, enhancing only the transverse-electric luminescence without any gain for transverse-magnetic luminescence, thereby significantly improving the light extraction efficiency. Finally, according to theoretical calculations, the IQE could reach 68.75% at room temperature.
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8
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Hoang TX, Leykam D, Kivshar Y. Photonic Flatband Resonances in Multiple Light Scattering. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:043803. [PMID: 38335352 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.043803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
We introduce the concept of photonic flatband resonances and demonstrate it for an array of high-index dielectric particles. We employ the multiple Mie scattering theory and demonstrate that both short- and long-range interactions between the resonators are crucial for the emerging collective resonances and their associated photonic flatbands. By examining both near- and far-field characteristics, we uncover how the flatbands emerge due to a fine tuning of resonators' radiation fields, and predict that hybridization of a flatband resonance with an electric hot spot can lead to giant values of the Purcell factor for the electric dipolar emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Xuan Hoang
- Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore 138632, Republic of Singapore
| | - Daniel Leykam
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Yuri Kivshar
- Nonlinear Physics Center, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
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9
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Shlesinger I, Vandersmissen J, Oksenberg E, Verhagen E, Koenderink AF. Hybrid cavity-antenna architecture for strong and tunable sideband-selective molecular Raman scattering enhancement. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadj4637. [PMID: 38117880 PMCID: PMC10732519 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj4637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Plasmon resonances at the surface of metallic antennas allow for extreme enhancement of Raman scattering. Intrinsic to plasmonics, however, is that extreme field confinement lacks precise spectral control, which would hold great promise in shaping the optomechanical interaction between light and molecular vibrations. We demonstrate an experimental platform composed of a plasmonic nanocube-on-mirror antenna coupled to an open, tunable Fabry-Perot microcavity for selective addressing of individual vibrational lines of molecules with strong Raman scattering enhancement. Multiple narrow and intense optical resonances arising from the hybridization of the cavity modes and the plasmonic broad resonance are used to simultaneously enhance the laser pump and the local density of optical states, and are characterized using rigorous modal analysis. The versatile bottom-up fabrication approach permits quantitative comparison with the bare nanocube-on-mirror system, both theoretically and experimentally. This shows that the hybrid system allows for similar SERS enhancement ratios with narrow optical modes, paving the way for dynamical backaction effects in molecular optomechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilan Shlesinger
- Department of Information in Matter and Center for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 7162, Paris, France
| | - Jente Vandersmissen
- Department of Information in Matter and Center for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eitan Oksenberg
- Department of Information in Matter and Center for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Single Quantum B. V., Rotterdamseweg 394, 2629 HH Delft, Netherlands
| | - Ewold Verhagen
- Department of Information in Matter and Center for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A. Femius Koenderink
- Department of Information in Matter and Center for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
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10
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Capers JR, Patient DA, Horsley SAR. Manipulating the quasi-normal modes of radially symmetric resonators. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:37142-37153. [PMID: 38017849 DOI: 10.1364/oe.503349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The frequency response of a resonator is governed by the locations of its quasi-normal modes in the complex frequency plane. The real part of the quasi-normal mode determines the resonance frequency and the imaginary part determines the width of the resonance. For applications such as energy harvesting and sensing, the ability to manipulate the frequency, linewidth and multipolar nature of resonances is key. Here, we derive two methods for simultaneously controlling the resonance frequency, linewidth and multipolar nature of the resonances of radially symmetric structures. Firstly, we formulate an eigenvalue problem for a global shift in the permittivity of the structure to place a resonance at a particular complex frequency. Next, we employ quasi-normal mode perturbation theory to design radially graded structures with resonances at desired frequencies.
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11
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Demésy G, Wu T, Brûlé Y, Zolla F, Nicolet A, Lalanne P, Gralak B. Dispersive perfectly matched layers and high-order absorbing boundary conditions for electromagnetic quasinormal modes. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2023; 40:1947-1958. [PMID: 37855551 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.499370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Resonances, also known as quasinormal modes (QNMs) in the non-Hermitian case, play a ubiquitous role in all domains of physics ruled by wave phenomena, notably in continuum mechanics, acoustics, electrodynamics, and quantum theory. The non-Hermiticity arises from the system losses, whether they are material (Joule losses in electromagnetism) or linked to the openness of the problem (radiation losses). In this paper, we focus on the latter delicate matter when considering bounded computational domains mandatory when using, e.g., finite elements. We address the important question of whether dispersive perfectly matched layer (PML) and high-order absorbing boundary conditions offer advantages in QNM computation and modal expansion of the optical responses compared with nondispersive PMLs.
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12
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Bhuyan R, Mony J, Kotov O, Castellanos GW, Gómez Rivas J, Shegai TO, Börjesson K. The Rise and Current Status of Polaritonic Photochemistry and Photophysics. Chem Rev 2023; 123:10877-10919. [PMID: 37683254 PMCID: PMC10540218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between molecular electronic transitions and electromagnetic fields can be enlarged to the point where distinct hybrid light-matter states, polaritons, emerge. The photonic contribution to these states results in increased complexity as well as an opening to modify the photophysics and photochemistry beyond what normally can be seen in organic molecules. It is today evident that polaritons offer opportunities for molecular photochemistry and photophysics, which has caused an ever-rising interest in the field. Focusing on the experimental landmarks, this review takes its reader from the advent of the field of polaritonic chemistry, over the split into polariton chemistry and photochemistry, to present day status within polaritonic photochemistry and photophysics. To introduce the field, the review starts with a general description of light-matter interactions, how to enhance these, and what characterizes the coupling strength. Then the photochemistry and photophysics of strongly coupled systems using Fabry-Perot and plasmonic cavities are described. This is followed by a description of room-temperature Bose-Einstein condensation/polariton lasing in polaritonic systems. The review ends with a discussion on the benefits, limitations, and future developments of strong exciton-photon coupling using organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Bhuyan
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Jürgen Mony
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Oleg Kotov
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Gabriel W. Castellanos
- Department
of Applied Physics and Science Education, Eindhoven Hendrik Casimir
Institute and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jaime Gómez Rivas
- Department
of Applied Physics and Science Education, Eindhoven Hendrik Casimir
Institute and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Timur O. Shegai
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Karl Börjesson
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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13
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Sarkar D, Cho S, Yan H, Martino N, Dannenberg PH, Yun SH. Ultrasmall InGa(As)P Dielectric and Plasmonic Nanolasers. ACS NANO 2023; 17:16048-16055. [PMID: 37523588 PMCID: PMC11229223 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Nanolasers have great potential for both on-chip light sources and optical barcoding particles. We demonstrate ultrasmall InGaP and InGaAsP disk lasers with diameters down to 360 nm (198 nm in height) in the red spectral range. Optically pumped, room-temperature, single-mode lasing was achieved from both disk-on-pillar and isolated particles. When isolated disks were placed on gold, plasmon polariton lasing was obtained with Purcell-enhanced stimulated emission. UV lithography and plasma ashing enabled wafer-scale fabrication of nanodisks with an intended random size variation. Silica-coated nanodisk particles generated stable subnanometer spectra from within biological cells across an 80 nm bandwidth from 635 to 715 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarghya Sarkar
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Sangyeon Cho
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Hao Yan
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Nicola Martino
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Paul H Dannenberg
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Seok Hyun Yun
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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14
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Granchi N, Intonti F, Florescu M, García PD, Gurioli M, Arregui G. Q-Factor Optimization of Modes in Ordered and Disordered Photonic Systems Using Non-Hermitian Perturbation Theory. ACS PHOTONICS 2023; 10:2808-2815. [PMID: 37602292 PMCID: PMC10436348 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.3c00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The quality factor, Q, of photonic resonators permeates most figures of merit in applications that rely on cavity-enhanced light-matter interaction such as all-optical information processing, high-resolution sensing, or ultralow-threshold lasing. As a consequence, large-scale efforts have been devoted to understanding and efficiently computing and optimizing the Q of optical resonators in the design stage. This has generated large know-how on the relation between physical quantities of the cavity, e.g., Q, and controllable parameters, e.g., hole positions, for engineered cavities in gaped photonic crystals. However, such a correspondence is much less intuitive in the case of modes in disordered photonic media, e.g., Anderson-localized modes. Here, we demonstrate that the theoretical framework of quasinormal modes (QNMs), a non-Hermitian perturbation theory for shifting material boundaries, and a finite-element complex eigensolver provide an ideal toolbox for the automated shape optimization of Q of a single photonic mode in both ordered and disordered environments. We benchmark the non-Hermitian perturbation formula and employ it to optimize the Q-factor of a photonic mode relative to the position of vertically etched holes in a dielectric slab for two different settings: first, for the fundamental mode of L3 cavities with various footprints, demonstrating that the approach simultaneously takes in-plane and out-of-plane losses into account and leads to minor modal structure modifications; and second, for an Anderson-localized mode with an initial Q of 200, which evolves into a completely different mode, displaying a threefold reduction in the mode volume, a different overall spatial location, and, notably, a 3 order of magnitude increase in Q.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Granchi
- Department
of Physics, University of Florence, via Sansone 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
- European
Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, via Nello Carrara 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Francesca Intonti
- Department
of Physics, University of Florence, via Sansone 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
- European
Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, via Nello Carrara 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Marian Florescu
- Advanced
Technology Institute and Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, U.K.
| | - Pedro David García
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Calle Sor Juana Inés de la
Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Massimo Gurioli
- Department
of Physics, University of Florence, via Sansone 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
- European
Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, via Nello Carrara 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Guillermo Arregui
- Department
of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, DTU Electro, Technical University of Denmark, Building 343, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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15
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Li W, Liu R, Li J, Zhong J, Lu YW, Chen H, Wang XH. Highly Efficient Single-Exciton Strong Coupling with Plasmons by Lowering Critical Interaction Strength at an Exceptional Point. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:143601. [PMID: 37084440 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.143601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The single-exciton strong coupling with the localized plasmon mode (LPM) at room temperature is highly desirable for exploiting quantum technology. However, its realization has been a very low probability event due to the harsh critical conditions, severely compromising its application. Here, we present a highly efficient approach for achieving such a strong coupling by reducing the critical interaction strength at the exceptional point based upon the damping inhibition and matching of the coupled system, instead of enhancing the coupling strength to overcome the system's large damping. Experimentally, we compress the LPM's damping linewidth from about 45 nm to about 14 nm using a leaky Fabry-Perot cavity, a good match to the excitonic linewidth of about 10 nm. This method dramatically relaxes the harsh requirement in mode volume by more than an order of magnitude and allows a maximum direction angle of the exciton dipole relative to the mode field of up to around 71.9°, significantly improving the success rate of achieving the single-exciton strong coupling with LPMs from about 1% to about 80%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Renming Liu
- School of Physics and Electronics, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Junyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jie Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yu-Wei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Huanjun Chen
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xue-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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16
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Wu D, Wang Y, Liu Y, La J, He S, Lv F, Wang W. Bloch-Surface Plasmon Polariton Enhanced Amplified and Directional Spontaneous Emission from Plasmonic Hexagonal Nanohole Array. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:16198-16203. [PMID: 36920178 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The light-matter interactions at nanoscale can be enhanced by Bloch-surface plasmon polariton (Bloch-SPP) on the plasmonic lattice. An Ag nanohole array in hexagonal arrangement served as an optical cavity to realize the directional and polarized amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) of R6G. A 100-fold enhanced ASE was observed at 15° emission angle under TM polarization when the pump power density exceeded the threshold of 198 W/cm2 based on the degenerated high state density modes. Moreover, a specific polarization dependence of ASE was modulated by the Bloch-SPP modes, and the degree of polarization was enhanced from 1.3 to 2.1 when the pump power density exceeded the threshold of ASE. This work clarifies the interaction between the gain media and plasmonic systems, which lays a foundation for the plasmonic device designing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongda Wu
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
- Qingdao Innovation and Development Center of Harbin Engineering University, Harbin Engineering University, 266500 Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
- Qingdao Innovation and Development Center of Harbin Engineering University, Harbin Engineering University, 266500 Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Yujun Liu
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Junqiao La
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
- Qingdao Innovation and Development Center of Harbin Engineering University, Harbin Engineering University, 266500 Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Shijia He
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
- Qingdao Innovation and Development Center of Harbin Engineering University, Harbin Engineering University, 266500 Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Fanzhou Lv
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Wenxin Wang
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
- Qingdao Innovation and Development Center of Harbin Engineering University, Harbin Engineering University, 266500 Qingdao, P. R. China
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17
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Zhou Y, Zhu J, Xi J, Li K, Huang W. Quantitative Insights into a Plasmonic Ruler Equation from the Perspective of Enhanced Near Field. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:390-399. [PMID: 36571254 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c07702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The plasmonic shift of resonance wavelength induced by near-field coupling enables one to measure nanoscale distances optically. Empirically, the well-known ruler equation correlating plasmon shift with interparticle spacing was proposed. Though it has been widely used in analyzing simulation and experimental outcomes, little is known about the underlying physical mechanism of the characteristic exponential form of the plasmon ruler equation and the universal decay constant therein. In this work, we attempt to decrypt these from the perspective of plasmon near-field enhancement. Based on an analytical quasi-normal mode formula for plasmon shifts, we proved that the exponential decaying electric field is the critical reason that results in the exponential form of the plasmon ruler equation and quantitatively, we found that the universal decay constant in the plasmon ruler equation actually reflects the range of the enhanced near field. This work hopefully helps to deepen the understanding of the mechanism of light-matter interaction in corresponding plasmonic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhou
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Optoelectric Materials Science and Technology, Department of Physics, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui241000, P. R. China
| | - Jiahui Zhu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Optoelectric Materials Science and Technology, Department of Physics, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui241000, P. R. China
| | - Jin Xi
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Optoelectric Materials Science and Technology, Department of Physics, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui241000, P. R. China
| | - Kuanguo Li
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Optoelectric Materials Science and Technology, Department of Physics, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui241000, P. R. China
| | - Wanxia Huang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Optoelectric Materials Science and Technology, Department of Physics, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui241000, P. R. China
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18
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Heintz J, Legittimo F, Bidault S. Dimers of Plasmonic Nanocubes to Reach Single-Molecule Strong Coupling with High Emission Yields. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:11996-12003. [PMID: 36538766 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Reaching reproducible strong coupling between a quantum emitter and a plasmonic resonator at room temperature, while maintaining high emission yields, would make quantum information processing with light possible outside of cryogenic conditions. We theoretically propose to exploit the high local curvatures at the tips of plasmonic nanocubes to reach Purcell factors of >106 at visible frequencies, rendering single-molecule strong coupling more easily accessible than with the faceted spherical nanoparticles used in recent experimental demonstrations. In the case of gold nanocube dimers, we highlight a trade-off between coupling strength and emission yield that depends on the nanocube size. Electrodynamic simulations on silver nanostructures are performed using a realistic dielectric constant, as confirmed by scattering spectroscopy performed on single nanocubes. Dimers of silver nanocubes feature Purcell factors similar to those of gold while allowing emission yields of >60%, thus providing design rules for efficient strongly coupled hybrid nanostructures at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Heintz
- Institut Langevin, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, 1 rue Jussieu, 75005Paris, France
| | - Francesca Legittimo
- Institut Langevin, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, 1 rue Jussieu, 75005Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Bidault
- Institut Langevin, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, 1 rue Jussieu, 75005Paris, France
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19
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Gökbulut B. A hybrid photonic-plasmonic resonator based on a partially encapsulated 1D photonic crystal waveguide and a plasmonic nanoparticle. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12346. [PMID: 36582706 PMCID: PMC9792738 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a hybrid photonic-plasmonic resonator is proposed. The device consists of a partially encapsulated 1D photonic crystal waveguide and a plasmonic nanoparticle to yield high radiation efficiency for integrated photonic platforms, owing to a high Q-factor and a small mode volume. The design of the resonator is accomplished in two consecutive steps: first of all, a partially encapsulated photonic crystal nanobeam with a robust mechanical stability and a high-Q factor is prepared; secondly, a plasmonic nanoparticle is placed on the surface of the nanobeam to interact the optical mode with the localized surface plasmons of the gold nanoparticle which is being present in the vicinity of the radiating dipole. Strongly enhanced electromagnetic field, regenerated through the optical mode field inside the hybrid resonator, enables to reduce the optical mode volume of the device and significantly enhance the Purcell factor.
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20
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Tao C, Zhong Y, Liu H. Quasinormal Mode Expansion Theory for Mesoscale Plasmonic Nanoresonators: An Analytical Treatment of Nonclassical Electromagnetic Boundary Condition. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:197401. [PMID: 36399747 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.197401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nonclassical quantum effects will significantly affect the optical response of plasmonic nanoresonators with mesoscale feature sizes between about 2 and 20 nm, and can be fully described by the nonclassical electromagnetic boundary condition (NEBC) expressed with the surface-response Feibelman d parameters. In this Letter, a quasinormal mode (QNM) expansion theory under the NEBC is proposed. By adopting the easily solved classical QNMs under the classical electromagnetic boundary condition as a complete set of basis functions, rigorous expansions of the nonclassical source-free QNMs and source-excited electromagnetic field under the nonperturbative NEBC are provided. With the obtained nonclassical QNMs as basis functions, expansions of the nonclassical source-excited field and Green's function tensor are further obtained. These expansions have a fully analytical dependence on the NEBC and classical QNMs, thus transparently unveiling their impact on the nonclassical QNMs and source-excited electromagnetic field. For instance, a new expression of mode volume is proposed for analyzing the nonclassically corrected Purcell factor. The proposed theory is physically intuitive and computationally efficient which is enabled by the dominance of a small set of classical QNMs, thus providing an efficient tool for understanding and designing mesoscale plasmonic nanoresonators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Tao
- Institute of Modern Optics, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Ying Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Haitao Liu
- Institute of Modern Optics, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Tianjin 300350, China
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21
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Fu Q, Dai J, Huang X, Dai Y, Pan Y, Yang L, Sun Z, Miao T, Zhou M, Zhao L, Zhao W, Han X, Lu J, Gao H, Zhou X, Wang Y, Ni Z, Ji W, Huang Y. One-Step Exfoliation Method for Plasmonic Activation of Large-Area 2D Crystals. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2204247. [PMID: 36104244 PMCID: PMC9661865 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Advanced exfoliation techniques are crucial for exploring the intrinsic properties and applications of 2D materials. Though the recently discovered Au-enhanced exfoliation technique provides an effective strategy for the preparation of large-scale 2D crystals, the high cost of gold hinders this method from being widely adopted in industrial applications. In addition, direct Au contact could significantly quench photoluminescence (PL) emission in 2D semiconductors. It is therefore crucial to find alternative metals that can replace gold to achieve efficient exfoliation of 2D materials. Here, the authors present a one-step Ag-assisted method that can efficiently exfoliate many large-area 2D monolayers, where the yield ratio is comparable to Au-enhanced exfoliation method. Differing from Au film, however, the surface roughness of as-prepared Ag films on SiO2 /Si substrate is much higher, which facilitates the generation of surface plasmons resulting from the nanostructures formed on the rough Ag surface. More interestingly, the strong coupling between 2D semiconductor crystals (e.g., MoS2 , MoSe2 ) and Ag film leads to a unique PL enhancement that has not been observed in other mechanical exfoliation techniques, which can be mainly attributed to enhanced light-matter interaction as a result of extended propagation of surface plasmonic polariton (SPP). This work provides a lower-cost and universal Ag-assisted exfoliation method, while at the same time offering enhanced SPP-matter interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fu
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary ScienceBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
- School of Physics and Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of EducationSoutheast UniversityNanjing211189P. R. China
- Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of ScienceBeijing100190P. R. China
| | - Jia‐Qi Dai
- Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials & Micro‐Nano DevicesRenmin University of ChinaBeijing100872P. R. China
| | - Xin‐Yu Huang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary ScienceBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
| | - Yun‐Yun Dai
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary ScienceBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
| | - Yu‐Hao Pan
- China North Vehicle Research InstituteBeijing100072P. R. China
| | - Long‐Long Yang
- Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of ScienceBeijing100190P. R. China
| | - Zhen‐Yu Sun
- Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of ScienceBeijing100190P. R. China
| | - Tai‐Min Miao
- Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of ScienceBeijing100190P. R. China
| | - Meng‐Fan Zhou
- School of Physics and Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of EducationSoutheast UniversityNanjing211189P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of ScienceBeijing100190P. R. China
- Songshan Lake Materials LaboratoryDongguan523808P. R. China
| | - Wei‐Jie Zhao
- School of Physics and Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of EducationSoutheast UniversityNanjing211189P. R. China
| | - Xu Han
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary ScienceBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
- Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of ScienceBeijing100190P. R. China
| | - Jun‐Peng Lu
- School of Physics and Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of EducationSoutheast UniversityNanjing211189P. R. China
| | - Hong‐Jun Gao
- Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of ScienceBeijing100190P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Xing‐Jiang Zhou
- Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of ScienceBeijing100190P. R. China
- Songshan Lake Materials LaboratoryDongguan523808P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Ye‐Liang Wang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary ScienceBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
| | - Zhen‐Hua Ni
- School of Physics and Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of EducationSoutheast UniversityNanjing211189P. R. China
| | - Wei Ji
- Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials & Micro‐Nano DevicesRenmin University of ChinaBeijing100872P. R. China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary ScienceBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081P. R. China
- Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of ScienceBeijing100190P. R. China
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22
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Kozoň M, Lagendijk A, Schlottbom M, van der Vegt JJW, Vos WL. Scaling Theory of Wave Confinement in Classical and Quantum Periodic Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:176401. [PMID: 36332245 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.176401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Functional defects in periodic media confine waves-acoustic, electromagnetic, electronic, spin, etc.-in various dimensions, depending on the structure of the defect. While defects are usually modeled by a superlattice with a typical band-structure representation of energy levels, determining the confinement associated with a given band is highly nontrivial and no analytical method is known to date. Therefore, we propose a rigorous method to classify the dimensionality of wave confinement. Starting from the confinement energy and the mode volume, we use finite-size scaling to find that ratios of these quantities raised to certain powers yield the confinement dimensionality of each band. Our classification has negligible additional computational costs compared to a band structure calculation and is valid for any type of wave, both quantum and classical, and in any dimension. In the quantum regime, we illustrate our method on electronic confinement in 2D hexagonal boron nitride (BN) with a nitrogen vacancy, in agreement with previous results. In the classical case, we study a three-dimensional photonic band gap cavity superlattice, where we identify novel acceptorlike behavior. We briefly discuss the generalization to quasiperiodic lattices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Kozoň
- Complex Photonic Systems (COPS), MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands
- Mathematics of Computational Science (MACS), MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Ad Lagendijk
- Complex Photonic Systems (COPS), MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Matthias Schlottbom
- Mathematics of Computational Science (MACS), MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Jaap J W van der Vegt
- Mathematics of Computational Science (MACS), MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Willem L Vos
- Complex Photonic Systems (COPS), MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands
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23
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Li Q, van de Groep J, White AK, Song JH, Longwell SA, Fordyce PM, Quake SR, Kik PG, Brongersma ML. Metasurface optofluidics for dynamic control of light fields. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 17:1097-1103. [PMID: 36163507 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01197-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The ability to manipulate light and liquids on integrated optofluidics chips has spurred a myriad of important developments in biology, medicine, chemistry and display technologies. Here we show how the convergence of optofluidics and metasurface optics can lead to conceptually new platforms for the dynamic control of light fields. We first demonstrate metasurface building blocks that display an extreme sensitivity in their scattering properties to their dielectric environment. These blocks are then used to create metasurface-based flat optics inside microfluidic channels where liquids with different refractive indices can be directed to manipulate their optical behaviour. We demonstrate the intensity and spectral tuning of metasurface colour pixels as well as on-demand optical elements. We finally demonstrate automated control in an integrated meta-optofluidic platform to open up new display functions. Combined with large-scale microfluidic integration, our dynamic-metasurface flat-optics platform could open up the possibility of dynamic display, imaging, holography and sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qitong Li
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jorik van de Groep
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Van der Waals-Zeeman Institute for Experimental Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Adam K White
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jung-Hwan Song
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Scott A Longwell
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Polly M Fordyce
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stephen R Quake
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Pieter G Kik
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- CREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Mark L Brongersma
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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24
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Sánchez-Barquilla M, García-Vidal FJ, Fernández-Domínguez AI, Feist J. Few-mode field quantization for multiple emitters. NANOPHOTONICS 2022; 11:4363-4374. [PMID: 36147197 PMCID: PMC9455278 DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2021-0795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The control of the interaction between quantum emitters using nanophotonic structures holds great promise for quantum technology applications, while its theoretical description for complex nanostructures is a highly demanding task as the electromagnetic (EM) modes form a high-dimensional continuum. We here introduce an approach that permits a quantized description of the full EM field through a small number of discrete modes. This extends the previous work in ref. (I. Medina, F. J. García-Vidal, A. I. Fernández-Domínguez, and J. Feist, "Few-mode field quantization of arbitrary electromagnetic spectral densities," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 126, p. 093601, 2021) to the case of an arbitrary number of emitters, without any restrictions on the emitter level structure or dipole operators. The low computational demand of this method makes it suitable for studying dynamics for a wide range of parameters. We illustrate the power of our approach for a system of three emitters placed within a hybrid metallodielectric photonic structure and show that excitation transfer is highly sensitive to the properties of the hybrid photonic-plasmonic modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Sánchez-Barquilla
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J. García-Vidal
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049Madrid, Spain
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Connexis, 138632Singapore, Singapore
| | - Antonio I. Fernández-Domínguez
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049Madrid, Spain
| | - Johannes Feist
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049Madrid, Spain
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25
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Zhuo X, Li S, Li N, Cheng X, Lai Y, Wang J. Mode-dependent energy exchange between near- and far-field through silicon-supported single silver nanorods. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:8362-8373. [PMID: 35635072 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr01402e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Optical antenna effects endow plasmonic nanoparticles with the capability to enhance and control various types of light-matter interaction. Most reported plasmonic systems can be regarded as single-channel nanoantennas, which rely only on a bright dipole plasmon mode for energy exchange between near- and far-field. Herein we demonstrate a dual-channel plasmonic system that can separate the excitation and emission processes into two energy exchange pathways mediated by the different plasmon modes, offering a higher degree of freedom for the manipulation of light-matter interaction. Our system, consisting of high-aspect-ratio Ag nanorods and Si substrates, can support a series of bright and dark plasmon modes with distinct near- and far-field properties and generate relatively intensive local field enhancement in the gap region. As a proof-of-principle, we take plasmon-enhanced fluorescence of dye molecules as an example to reveal the energy exchange mechanism in the dual-channel plasmonic system. Such a system is potentially also useful for manipulating other types of light-matter interaction. Our work represents a step toward the utilization of a broader class of plasmon resonance for the development of optical antennas and various on-chip nanophotonic components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Zhuo
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Shasha Li
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Nannan Li
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Xizhe Cheng
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Yunhe Lai
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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26
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Huang S, Xie S, Gao H, Hao T, Zhang S, Liu T, Li Y, Zhu J. Acoustic Purcell effect induced by quasibound state in the continuum. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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27
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Carminati R, Gurioli M. Purcell effect with extended sources: the role of the cross density of states. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:16174-16183. [PMID: 36221467 DOI: 10.1364/oe.454992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We analyze the change in the spontaneous decay rate, or Purcell effect, of an extended quantum emitter in a structured photonic environment. Based on a simple theory, we show that the cross density of states is the central quantity driving interferences in the emission process. Using numerical simulations in realistic photonic cavity geometries, we demonstrate that a structured cross density of states can induce subradiance or superradiance, and change substantially the emission spectrum. Interestingly, the spectral lineshape of the Purcell effect of an extended source cannot be predicted from the sole knowledge of the spectral dependence of the local density of states.
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28
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Wang N, Zhong Y, Liu H. Spontaneous emission enhancement by rotationally-symmetric optical nanoantennas: impact of radially and axially propagating surface plasmon polaritons. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:12797-12822. [PMID: 35472909 DOI: 10.1364/oe.454073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The excitation and radiation properties of rotationally-symmetric optical nanoantennas are independent of the azimuth angle, which enables great convenience and superior performances in practical applications. However, for rotationally-symmetric nanoantennas, the physical mechanisms behind their resonance properties remain to be clarified. In this paper, firstly, for a simple single-nanocylinder-on-mirror antenna (S-antenna), we establish a first-principles-based semianalytical model of surface plasmon polariton (SPP) by considering an intuitive multiple-scattering process of the radially-propagating gap surface plasmon (RGSP) in the nanogap and the axially-propagating surface plasmon (ASP) on the nanocylinder. The model can comprehensively reproduce all the radiation properties of the S-antenna such as the total and radiative emission rates, SPP excitation rates, and far-field radiation pattern. The model indicates that when the antenna radius is small (respectively, large), the enhancement of spontaneous emission mainly results from the resonance of ASP (respectively, RGSP). To show the wide applicability of the SPP model along with its unveiled decisive role of the RGSP and ASP in the spontaneous emission enhancement for other rotationally-symmetric nanoantennas of cylindrical shapes, we extend the SPP model to a more complex ring-nanocylinder-on-mirror antenna (R-antenna) that supports two ASPs. Moreover, to provide an explicit explanation of the resonance properties of the R-antenna, we further establish a semianalytical model for the resonant modes (called quasinormal modes, QNMs) supported by the R-antenna based on the SPP model, which quantitatively reveals the role of the RGSP and ASP in forming the antenna resonant modes and the resultant enhancement of spontaneous emission.
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Jiang T, Xiang Y. Computation of transverse-electric polarized optical eigenstates in dielectric systems based on perfectly matched layer. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:045309. [PMID: 35590601 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.045309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The optical resonance problem is an eigenproblem with an exponential-growing boundary condition imposed at infinity. This inconvenient boundary condition is caused by the openness of dielectric systems, and it is explained as the effect of retardation. Following our previous work [Jiang and Xiang, Phys. Rev. A 102, 053704 (2020)2469-992610.1103/PhysRevA.102.053704] where a perfectly-matched-layer method is developed for transverse-magnetic modes, we extend the method in this paper to transverse-electric modes and apply it to study mode symmetries. The method is implemented by introducing an extra layer to absorb outgoing waves at the far-field region, based on which we derive a damping eigenequation. A finite-element-based numerical approach is developed to compute the eigenstates of the damping eigenproblem. Our method is validated by application to the circular cavity and comparison with exact analytical solutions of whispering-gallery modes. We apply the method to the elliptic cavity to study the even- and odd-symmetric optical eigenstates. We also apply the method to trace the evolution of a pair of degenerate eigenstates with cavity shapes smoothly deformed from circles to squares.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianpeng Jiang
- Department of Mathematics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Department of Mathematics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Collaborative Innovation Research Institute, Futian, Shenzhen, China
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30
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Kuisma M, Rousseaux B, Czajkowski KM, Rossi TP, Shegai T, Erhart P, Antosiewicz TJ. Ultrastrong Coupling of a Single Molecule to a Plasmonic Nanocavity: A First-Principles Study. ACS PHOTONICS 2022; 9:1065-1077. [PMID: 35308405 PMCID: PMC8931765 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.2c00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Ultrastrong coupling (USC) is a distinct regime of light-matter interaction in which the coupling strength is comparable to the resonance energy of the cavity or emitter. In the USC regime, common approximations to quantum optical Hamiltonians, such as the rotating wave approximation, break down as the ground state of the coupled system gains photonic character due to admixing of vacuum states with higher excited states, leading to ground-state energy changes. USC is usually achieved by collective coherent coupling of many quantum emitters to a single mode cavity, whereas USC with a single molecule remains challenging. Here, we show by time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations that a single organic molecule can reach USC with a plasmonic dimer, consisting of a few hundred atoms. In this context, we discuss the capacity of TDDFT to represent strong coupling and its connection to the quantum optical Hamiltonian. We find that USC leads to appreciable ground-state energy modifications accounting for a non-negligible part of the total interaction energy, comparable to k B T at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Kuisma
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Benjamin Rousseaux
- Laboratoire
de Physique de l’École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université,
Université de Paris, F-75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Tuomas P. Rossi
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Timur Shegai
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Paul Erhart
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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31
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Lo TW, Chen X, Zhang Z, Zhang Q, Leung CW, Zayats AV, Lei D. Plasmonic Nanocavity Induced Coupling and Boost of Dark Excitons in Monolayer WSe 2 at Room Temperature. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:1915-1921. [PMID: 35225629 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Spin-forbidden excitons in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides are optically inactive at room temperature. Probing and manipulating these dark excitons are essential for understanding exciton spin relaxation and valley coherence of these 2D materials. Here, we show that the coupling of dark excitons to a metal nanoparticle-on-mirror cavity leads to plasmon-induced resonant emission with the intensity comparable to that of the spin-allowed bright excitons. A three-state quantum model combined with full-wave electrodynamic calculations reveals that the radiative decay rate of the dark excitons can be enhanced by nearly 6 orders of magnitude through the Purcell effect, therefore compensating its intrinsic nature of weak radiation. Our nanocavity approach provides a useful paradigm for understanding the room-temperature dynamics of dark excitons, potentially paving the road for employing dark exciton in quantum computing and nanoscale optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsz Wing Lo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong S.A.R
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, Hong Kong S.A.R
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, Hong Kong S.A.R
| | - Zhedong Zhang
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong S.A.R
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Physics and Optoelectronics, Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Chi Wah Leung
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, Hong Kong S.A.R
| | - Anatoly V Zayats
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Dangyuan Lei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong S.A.R
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, Hong Kong S.A.R
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32
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Huang L, Krasnok A, Alú A, Yu Y, Neshev D, Miroshnichenko AE. Enhanced light-matter interaction in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2022; 85:046401. [PMID: 34939940 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ac45f9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) materials, such as MoS2, WS2, MoSe2, and WSe2, have received extensive attention in the past decade due to their extraordinary electronic, optical and thermal properties. They evolve from indirect bandgap semiconductors to direct bandgap semiconductors while their layer number is reduced from a few layers to a monolayer limit. Consequently, there is strong photoluminescence in a monolayer (1L) TMDC due to the large quantum yield. Moreover, such monolayer semiconductors have two other exciting properties: large binding energy of excitons and valley polarization. These properties make them become ideal materials for various electronic, photonic and optoelectronic devices. However, their performance is limited by the relatively weak light-matter interactions due to their atomically thin form factor. Resonant nanophotonic structures provide a viable way to address this issue and enhance light-matter interactions in 2D TMDCs. Here, we provide an overview of this research area, showcasing relevant applications, including exotic light emission, absorption and scattering features. We start by overviewing the concept of excitons in 1L-TMDC and the fundamental theory of cavity-enhanced emission, followed by a discussion on the recent progress of enhanced light emission, strong coupling and valleytronics. The atomically thin nature of 1L-TMDC enables a broad range of ways to tune its electric and optical properties. Thus, we continue by reviewing advances in TMDC-based tunable photonic devices. Next, we survey the recent progress in enhanced light absorption over narrow and broad bandwidths using 1L or few-layer TMDCs, and their applications for photovoltaics and photodetectors. We also review recent efforts of engineering light scattering, e.g., inducing Fano resonances, wavefront engineering in 1L or few-layer TMDCs by either integrating resonant structures, such as plasmonic/Mie resonant metasurfaces, or directly patterning monolayer/few layers TMDCs. We then overview the intriguing physical properties of different van der Waals heterostructures, and their applications in optoelectronic and photonic devices. Finally, we draw our opinion on potential opportunities and challenges in this rapidly developing field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujun Huang
- School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - Alex Krasnok
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, United States of America
| | - Andrea Alú
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, United States of America
- Physics Program, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, United States of America
| | - Yiling Yu
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States of America
| | - Dragomir Neshev
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems (TMOS), Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Andrey E Miroshnichenko
- School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
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33
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Dolgopolova EA, Li D, Hartman ST, Watt J, Ríos C, Hu J, Kukkadapu R, Casson J, Bose R, Malko AV, Blake AV, Ivanov S, Roslyak O, Piryatinski A, Htoon H, Chen HT, Pilania G, Hollingsworth JA. Strong Purcell enhancement at telecom wavelengths afforded by spinel Fe 3O 4 nanocrystals with size-tunable plasmonic properties. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2022; 7:267-275. [PMID: 34908075 DOI: 10.1039/d1nh00497b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Developments in the field of nanoplasmonics have the potential to advance applications from information processing and telecommunications to light-based sensing. Traditionally, nanoscale noble metals such as gold and silver have been used to achieve the targeted enhancements in light-matter interactions that result from the presence of localized surface plasmons (LSPs). However, interest has recently shifted to intrinsically doped semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) for their ability to display LSP resonances (LSPRs) over a much broader spectral range, including the infrared (IR). Among semiconducting plasmonic NCs, spinel metal oxides (sp-MOs) are an emerging class of materials with distinct advantages in accessing the telecommunications bands in the IR and affording useful environmental stability. Here, we report the plasmonic properties of Fe3O4 sp-MO NCs, known previously only for their magnetic functionality, and demonstrate their ability to modify the light-emission properties of telecom-emitting quantum dots (QDs). We establish the synthetic conditions for tuning sp-MO NC size, composition and doping characteristics, resulting in unprecedented tunability of electronic behavior and plasmonic response over 450 nm. In particular, with diameter-dependent variations in free-electron concentration across the Fe3O4 NC series, we introduce a strong NC size dependency onto the optical response. In addition, our observation of plasmonics-enhanced decay rates from telecom-emitting QDs reveals Purcell enhancement factors for simple plasmonic-spacer-emitter sandwich structures up to 51-fold, which are comparable to values achieved previously only for emitters in the visible range coupled with conventional noble metal NCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A Dolgopolova
- Materials Physics and Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
| | - Dongfang Li
- Materials Physics and Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
| | - Steven T Hartman
- Materials Science & Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - John Watt
- Materials Physics and Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
| | - Carlos Ríos
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Juejun Hu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ravi Kukkadapu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Joanna Casson
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Riya Bose
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Anton V Malko
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Anastasia V Blake
- Materials Physics and Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
| | - Sergei Ivanov
- Materials Physics and Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
| | - Oleksiy Roslyak
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458, USA
| | - Andrei Piryatinski
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Han Htoon
- Materials Physics and Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
| | - Hou-Tong Chen
- Materials Physics and Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
| | - Ghanshyam Pilania
- Materials Science & Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Jennifer A Hollingsworth
- Materials Physics and Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
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34
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Sauvan C, Wu T, Zarouf R, Muljarov EA, Lalanne P. Normalization, orthogonality, and completeness of quasinormal modes of open systems: the case of electromagnetism [Invited]. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:6846-6885. [PMID: 35299463 DOI: 10.1364/oe.443656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The scattering of electromagnetic waves by resonant systems is determined by the excitation of the quasinormal modes (QNMs), i.e. the eigenmodes, of the system. This Review addresses three fundamental concepts in relation to the representation of the scattered field as a superposition of the excited QNMs: normalization, orthogonality, and completeness. Orthogonality and normalization enable a straightforward assessment of the QNM excitation strength for any incident wave. Completeness guarantees that the scattered field can be faithfully expanded into the complete QNM basis. These concepts are not trivial for non-conservative (non-Hermitian) systems and have driven many theoretical developments since initial studies in the 70's. Yet, they are not easy to grasp from the extensive and scattered literature, especially for newcomers in the field. After recalling fundamental results obtained in initial studies on the completeness of the QNM basis for simple resonant systems, we review recent achievements and the debate on the normalization, clarify under which circumstances the QNM basis is complete, and highlight the concept of QNM regularization with complex coordinate transforms.
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35
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Both S, Schäferling M, Sterl F, Muljarov EA, Giessen H, Weiss T. Nanophotonic Chiral Sensing: How Does It Actually Work? ACS NANO 2022; 16:2822-2832. [PMID: 35080371 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c09796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanophotonic chiral sensing has recently attracted a lot of attention. The idea is to exploit the strong light-matter interaction in nanophotonic resonators to determine the concentration of chiral molecules at ultralow thresholds, which is highly attractive for numerous applications in life science and chemistry. However, a thorough understanding of the underlying interactions is still missing. The theoretical description relies on either simple approximations or on purely numerical approaches. We close this gap and present a general theory of chiral light-matter interactions in arbitrary resonators. Our theory describes the chiral interaction as a perturbation of the resonator modes, also known as resonant states or quasi-normal modes. We observe two dominant contributions: A chirality-induced resonance shift and changes in the modes' excitation and emission efficiencies. Our theory brings deep insights for tailoring and enhancing chiral light-matter interactions. Furthermore, it allows us to predict spectra much more efficiently in comparison to conventional approaches. This is particularly true, as chiral interactions are inherently weak and therefore perturbation theory fits extremely well for this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Both
- 4th Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Martin Schäferling
- 4th Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Florian Sterl
- 4th Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Egor A Muljarov
- Cardiff University, School of Physics and Astronomy, The Parade, CF24 3AA, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Harald Giessen
- 4th Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Thomas Weiss
- 4th Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute of Physics, University of Graz, and NAWI Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010 Graz, Austria
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36
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Eschimèse D, Vaurette F, Ha C, Arscott S, Mélin T, Lévêque G. Strong and weak polarization-dependent interactions in connected and disconnected plasmonic nanostructures. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:1173-1181. [PMID: 36131766 PMCID: PMC9417476 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00620g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We explore numerically and experimentally the formation of hybridized modes between a bright mode displayed by a gold nanodisc and either dark or bright modes of a nanorod - both elements being either separated by a nanometer-size gap (disconnected system) or relied on a metal junction (connected system). In terms of modeling, we compare the scattering or absorption spectra and field distributions obtained under oblique-incidence plane wave illumination with quasi-normal mode computation and an analytical model based on a coupled oscillator model. Both connected and disconnected systems have very different plasmon properties in longitudinal polarization. The disconnected system can be consistently understood in terms of the nature of hybridized modes and coupling strength using either QNMs or coupled oscillator model; however the connected configuration presents intriguing peculiarities based on the strong redistribution of charges implied by the presence of the metal connection. In practice, the fabrication of disconnected or connected configurations depends on the mitigation of lithographic proximity effects inherent to top-down lithography methods, which can lead to the formation of small metal junctions, while careful lithographic dosing allows one to fabricate disconnected systems with a gap as low as 20 nm. We obtained a very good agreement between experimentally measured scattering spectra and numerical predictions. The methods and analyses presented in this work can be applied to a wide range of systems, for potential applications in light-matter interactions, biosensing or strain monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Eschimèse
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Junia, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520 - IEMN - Institut d'Electronique de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie F-59000 Lille France
| | - François Vaurette
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Junia, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520 - IEMN - Institut d'Electronique de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie F-59000 Lille France
| | - Céline Ha
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Junia, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520 - IEMN - Institut d'Electronique de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie F-59000 Lille France
| | - Steve Arscott
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Junia, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520 - IEMN - Institut d'Electronique de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie F-59000 Lille France
| | - Thierry Mélin
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Junia, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520 - IEMN - Institut d'Electronique de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie F-59000 Lille France
| | - Gaëtan Lévêque
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Junia, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520 - IEMN - Institut d'Electronique de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie F-59000 Lille France
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37
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Lee SA, Ostovar B, Landes CF, Link S. Spectroscopic signatures of plasmon-induced charge transfer in gold nanorods. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:064702. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0078621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A. Lee
- Department of Chemistry, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Behnaz Ostovar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Christy F. Landes
- Department of Chemistry, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
- Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Stephan Link
- Department of Chemistry, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
- Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
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38
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Zhou Q, Zhang P, Chen XW. General Framework of Canonical Quasinormal Mode Analysis for Extreme Nano-optics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:267401. [PMID: 35029493 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.267401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Optical phenomena associated with an extremely localized field should be understood with considerations of nonlocal and quantum effects, which pose a hurdle to conceptualize the physics with a picture of eigenmodes. Here we first propose a generalized Lorentz model to describe general nonlocal media under linear mean-field approximation and formulate source-free Maxwell's equations as a linear eigenvalue problem to define the quasinormal modes. Then we introduce an orthonormalization scheme for the modes and establish a canonical quasinormal mode framework for general nonlocal media. Explicit formalisms for metals described by a quantum hydrodynamic model and polar dielectrics with nonlocal response are exemplified. The framework enables for the first time a direct modal analysis of mode transition in the quantum tunneling regime and provides physical insights beyond usual far-field spectroscopic analysis. Applied to nonlocal polar dielectrics, the framework also unveils the important roles of longitudinal phonon polaritons in optical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhou
- School of Physics and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Quantum Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Pu Zhang
- School of Physics and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Quantum Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xue-Wen Chen
- School of Physics and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Quantum Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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39
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Spontaneous Emission Enhancement by a Rectangular-Aperture Optical Nanoantenna: An Intuitive Semi-Analytical Model of Surface Plasmon Polaritons. PHOTONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics8120572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The spontaneous-emission enhancement effect of a single metallic rectangular-aperture optical nanoantenna on a SiO2 substrate was investigated theoretically. By considering the excitation and multiple scattering of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in the aperture, an intuitive and comprehensive SPP model was established. The model can comprehensively predict the total spontaneous emission rate, the radiative emission rate and the angular distribution of the far-field emission of a point source in the aperture. Two phase-matching conditions are derived from the model for predicting the resonance and show that the spontaneous-emission enhancement by the antenna comes from the Fabry–Perot resonance of the SPP in the aperture. In addition, when scanning the position of the point source and the aperture length, the SPP model does not need to repeatedly solve the Maxwell’s equations, which shows a superior computational efficiency compared to the full-wave numerical method.
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40
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Brooks A, Chu XL, Liu Z, Schott R, Ludwig A, Wieck AD, Midolo L, Lodahl P, Rotenberg N. Integrated Whispering-Gallery-Mode Resonator for Solid-State Coherent Quantum Photonics. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:8707-8714. [PMID: 34636568 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tailored photonics cavities enhance light-matter interactions, ultimately enabling a fully coherent quantum interface. Here, we report an integrated microdisk cavity containing self-assembled quantum dots to coherently route photons between different access waveguides. We measure a Purcell factor of Fexp = 6.9 ± 0.9 for a cavity quality factor of about 10,000, allowing us to observe clear signatures of coherent scattering of photons by the quantum dots. We show how this integrated system can coherently reroute photons between the drop and bus ports and how this routing is controlled by detuning the quantum dot and resonator or through the strength of the excitation beam, where a critical photon number less than one photon per lifetime is required. We discuss the strengths and limitations of this approach, focusing on how the coherent scattering and single-photon nonlinearity can be used to increase the efficiency of quantum devices such as routers or Bell-state analyzers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianne Brooks
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xiao-Liu Chu
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zhe Liu
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rüdiger Schott
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Arne Ludwig
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Andreas D Wieck
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Leonardo Midolo
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Lodahl
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nir Rotenberg
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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41
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Yao Q, Bie YQ, Chen J, Li J, Li F, Cao Z. Anapole enhanced on-chip routing of spin-valley photons in 2D materials for silicon integrated optical communication. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:4080-4083. [PMID: 34469944 DOI: 10.1364/ol.433457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the propagation direction of polarized light is crucial for optical communications and functional optical components. However, all-dielectric on-chip technology exploiting valley photon emission in transition metal dichalcogenides with enhanced emission has yet to be fully explored. Here, we report a design for enhancing valley emission and manipulating valley photon propagation based on degenerate non-radiating anapole states. By placing circularly polarized dipoles on top of a C4 symmetric cross-slotted silicon disk, the rotating anapole state is excited with a Purcell factor up to two orders. In addition, the photon coupled to the preferred direction of the waveguide are about 2 times larger than that to the opposite direction. Our design could pave the way for realizing on-chip valley-dependent optical communication.
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42
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Kamandar Dezfouli M, Melati D, Grinberg Y, Al-Digeil M, Cheriton R, Cheben P, Schmid JH, Janz S, Xu DX. Efficient Bloch mode calculation of periodic systems with arbitrary geometry and open boundary conditions in the complex wavevector domain. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:26233-26243. [PMID: 34614933 DOI: 10.1364/oe.432985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We show how existing iterative methods can be used to efficiently and accurately calculate Bloch periodic solutions of Maxwell's equations in arbitrary geometries. This is carried out in the complex-wavevector domain using a commercial frequency-domain finite-element solver that is available to the general user. The method is capable of dealing with leaky Bloch mode solutions, and is extremely efficient even for 3D geometries with non-trivial material distributions. We perform independent finite-difference time-domain simulations of Maxwell's equations to confirm our results. This comparison demonstrates that the iterative mode finder is more accurate, since it provides the true solutions in the complex-wavevector domain and removes the need for additional signal processing and fitting. Due to its efficiency, generality and reliability, this technique is well suited for complex and novel design tasks in integrated photonics, and also for a wider range of photonics problems.
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43
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Wu T, Arrivault D, Duruflé M, Gras A, Binkowski F, Burger S, Yan W, Lalanne P. Efficient hybrid method for the modal analysis of optical microcavities and nanoresonators. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2021; 38:1224-1231. [PMID: 34613317 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.428224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We propose a novel hybrid method for accurately and efficiently analyzing microcavities and nanoresonators. The method combines the marked spirit of quasinormal mode expansion approaches, e.g., analyticity and physical insight, with the renowned strengths of real-frequency simulations, e.g., accuracy and flexibility. Real- and complex-frequency simulations offer a complementarity between accuracy and computation speed, opening new perspectives for challenging inverse design of nanoresonators.
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44
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Vladimirova YV, Zadkov VN. Quantum Optics in Nanostructures. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1919. [PMID: 34443750 PMCID: PMC8398959 DOI: 10.3390/nano11081919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This review is devoted to the study of effects of quantum optics in nanostructures. The mechanisms by which the rates of radiative and nonradiative decay are modified are considered in the model of a two-level quantum emitter (QE) near a plasmonic nanoparticle (NP). The distributions of the intensity and polarization of the near field around an NP are analyzed, which substantially depend on the polarization of the external field and parameters of plasmon resonances of the NP. The effects of quantum optics in the system NP + QE plus external laser field are analyzed-modification of the resonance fluorescence spectrum of a QE in the near field, bunching/antibunching phenomena, quantum statistics of photons in the spectrum, formation of squeezed states of light, and quantum entangled states in these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia V. Vladimirova
- Department of Physics and Quantum Technology Centre, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Physics, Higher School of Economics, Old Basmannya 21/4, 105066 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Victor N. Zadkov
- Faculty of Physics, Higher School of Economics, Old Basmannya 21/4, 105066 Moscow, Russia;
- Institute of Spectroscopy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Fizicheskaya Str. 5, Troitsk, 108840 Moscow, Russia
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45
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Hooten S, Andrade NM, Wu MC, Yablonovitch E. Efficient spontaneous emission by metal-dielectric antennas; antenna Purcell factor explained. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:22018-22033. [PMID: 34265976 DOI: 10.1364/oe.423754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The rate of spontaneous emission from an optical emitter can be greatly enhanced using a metallic optical antenna at the penalty of efficiency. In this paper we propose a metal-dielectric antenna that eliminates the tradeoff between spontaneous emission enhancement and radiative efficiency by using nanoscopic dielectric structures at the antenna tips. This tradeoff occurs due to Ohmic loss and is further exacerbated by electron surface collisions. We find that our metal-dielectric antenna can enhance spontaneous emission by a factor 5 × 105 with efficiency = 70%, greatly exceeding the radiative efficiency of a purely metallic antenna with similar enhancement. Moreover, the metal-dielectric antenna design strategy is naturally amenable to short-distance optical communications applications. We go on to discuss the Purcell effect within the context of antenna enhancement. Metallic optical antennas are best analyzed with conventional antenna circuit models, but if the Purcell enhancement were to be employed, we provide the effective mode volume, Veff = (3/4π2)2d2λ(λ/l)5, that would be needed.
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46
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Zhu X, Shi H, Zhang S, Yang Z, Liao J, Quan J, Xue S, Zou C, Zhang J, Duan H. Intraband hot-electron photoluminescence of a silver nanowire-coupled gold film via high-order gap plasmons. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:11204-11214. [PMID: 34143167 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr02002a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report a strong one-photon photoluminescence (PL) behavior of a silver nanowire directly coupled gold film. The PL peak position of the silver nanowire-coupled gold film deviates from the intrinsic interband transition of gold materials and is not sensitive to the diameter change of the silver nanowire. We attribute this strong PL behavior to the intraband transition of hot electrons dominated by high-order gap plasmons, which are excited in the ultra-small gap formed by an ultra-thin polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) layer coated on the silver nanowire. The results show that the energy required for the strong PL of the heterogeneous system mainly comes from the gold film, acting as an incident energy absorber enhanced by the high-order gap plasmons, while the silver nanowire acts an efficient incident energy focusing antenna. In situ Raman scattering spectra and time-resolved PL intensity integral curves were used to record the carbonization and disappearance process of PVP. The understanding of the PL behavior of the silver nanowire directly coupled gold film proves the universality of plasmon-modulated PL theory and is also of great significance to improve the generation and utilization efficiency of hot electrons with high-order gap plasmons in the fields of catalysis and incident energy capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xupeng Zhu
- School of Physics Science and Technology, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China.
| | - Huimin Shi
- Center for Research on Leading Technology of Special Equipment, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shi Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Zhengmei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Jun Liao
- School of Physics Science and Technology, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China.
| | - Jun Quan
- School of Physics Science and Technology, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China.
| | - Shuwen Xue
- School of Physics Science and Technology, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China.
| | - Changwei Zou
- School of Physics Science and Technology, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China.
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Physics Science and Technology, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China.
| | - Huigao Duan
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
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47
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Li W, Zhou Q, Zhang P, Chen XW. Bright Optical Eigenmode of 1 nm^{3} Mode Volume. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:257401. [PMID: 34241506 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.257401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We report on the discovery and rationale to devise bright single optical eigenmodes that feature quantum-optical mode volumes of about 1 nm^{3}. Our findings rely on the development and application of a quasinormal mode theory that self-consistently treats fields and electron nonlocality, spill-out, and Landau damping around atomistic protrusions on a metallic nanoantenna. By outpacing Landau damping with radiation via properly designed antenna modes, the extremely localized modes become bright with radiation efficiencies reaching 30% and could provide up to 4×10^{7} times intensity enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wancong Li
- School of Physics and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- School of Physics and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Pu Zhang
- School of Physics and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Wen Chen
- School of Physics and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
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48
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Qi Z, Tao C, Rong S, Zhong Y, Liu H. Efficient method for the calculation of the optical force of a single nanoparticle based on the quasinormal mode expansion. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:2658-2661. [PMID: 34061081 DOI: 10.1364/ol.426423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An efficient method for the calculation of the optical force of a single nanoparticle is proposed based on the expansion of quasinormal modes (QNMs), which are eigensolutions of source-free Maxwell's equations with complex eigenfrequencies. In this method, the optical force is calculated by integrating the Maxwell stress tensor (MST) over a closed surface encompassing the nanoparticle. The electromagnetic (EM) field required for evaluating the MST is computed by a rigorous modal analysis, in which the EM field is expanded onto a small set of QNMs. Once the QNMs of the nanoparticle are solved, their excitation coefficients are obtained analytically. This means that additional full-wave computations are not required if the nanoparticle's location and the wavelength or distribution of the excitation field vary. Comparisons with full-wave numerical calculations of optical force evidence the high efficiency and accuracy of our formalism.
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49
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Huang J, Grys DB, Griffiths J, de Nijs B, Kamp M, Lin Q, Baumberg JJ. Tracking interfacial single-molecule pH and binding dynamics via vibrational spectroscopy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabg1790. [PMID: 34088670 PMCID: PMC8177700 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg1790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding single-molecule chemical dynamics of surface ligands is of critical importance to reveal their individual pathways and, hence, roles in catalysis, which ensemble measurements cannot see. Here, we use a cascaded nano-optics approach that provides sufficient enhancement to enable direct tracking of chemical trajectories of single surface-bound molecules via vibrational spectroscopy. Atomic protrusions are laser-induced within plasmonic nanojunctions to concentrate light to atomic length scales, optically isolating individual molecules. By stabilizing these atomic sites, we unveil single-molecule deprotonation and binding dynamics under ambient conditions. High-speed field-enhanced spectroscopy allows us to monitor chemical switching of a single carboxylic group between three discrete states. Combining this with theoretical calculation identifies reversible proton transfer dynamics (yielding effective single-molecule pH) and switching between molecule-metal coordination states, where the exact chemical pathway depends on the intitial protonation state. These findings open new domains to explore interfacial single-molecule mechanisms and optical manipulation of their reaction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyang Huang
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thompson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - David-Benjamin Grys
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thompson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Jack Griffiths
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thompson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Bart de Nijs
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thompson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK.
| | - Marlous Kamp
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thompson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Qianqi Lin
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thompson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Jeremy J Baumberg
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thompson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK.
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50
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Abstract
We provide a complete quantitative theory for light emission from Drude metals under continuous wave illumination, based on our recently derived steady-state nonequilibrium electron distribution. We show that the electronic contribution to the emission exhibits a dependence on the emission frequency which is very similar to the energy dependence of the nonequilibrium distribution, and characterize different scenarios determining the measurable emission line shape. This enables the identification of experimentally relevant situations, where the emission lineshapes deviate significantly from predictions based on the standard theory (namely, on the photonic density of states), and enables the differentiation between cases where the emission scales with the metal object surface or with its volume. We also provide an analytic description (which is absent from the literature) of the (polynomial) dependence of the metal emission on the electric field, its dependence on the pump laser frequency, and its nontrivial exponential dependence on the electron temperature, both for the Stokes and anti-Stokes regimes. Our results imply that the emission does not originate from either Fermion statistics (due to e-e interactions), and even though one could have expected the emission to follow boson statistics due to involvement of photons (as in Planck's Black Body emission), it turns out that it deviates from that form as well. Finally, we resolve the arguments associated with the effects of electron and lattice temperatures on the emission, and which of them can be extracted from the anti-Stokes emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonatan Sivan
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er sheva, Israel 8410501
| | - Yonatan Dubi
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er sheva, Israel 8410501
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