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Romanyuk O, Stehlík Š, Zemek J, Aubrechtová Dragounová K, Kromka A. Utilizing Constant Energy Difference between sp-Peak and C 1s Core Level in Photoelectron Spectra for Unambiguous Identification and Quantification of Diamond Phase in Nanodiamonds. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:590. [PMID: 38607124 PMCID: PMC11013481 DOI: 10.3390/nano14070590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The modification of nanodiamond (ND) surfaces has significant applications in sensing devices, drug delivery, bioimaging, and tissue engineering. Precise control of the diamond phase composition and bond configurations during ND processing and surface finalization is crucial. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of the graphitization process in various types of hydrogenated NDs, considering differences in ND size and quality. We prepared three types of hydrogenated NDs: high-pressure high-temperature NDs (HPHT ND-H; 0-30 nm), conventional detonation nanodiamonds (DND-H; ~5 nm), and size- and nitrogen-reduced hydrogenated nanodiamonds (snr-DND-H; 2-3 nm). The samples underwent annealing in an ultra-high vacuum and sputtering by Ar cluster ion beam (ArCIB). Samples were investigated by in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), in situ ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), and Raman spectroscopy (RS). Our investigation revealed that the graphitization temperature of NDs ranges from 600 °C to 700 °C and depends on the size and crystallinity of the NDs. Smaller DND particles with a high density of defects exhibit a lower graphitization temperature. We revealed a constant energy difference of 271.3 eV between the sp-peak in the valence band spectra (at around 13.7 eV) and the sp3 component in the C 1s core level spectra (at 285.0 eV). The identification of this energy difference helps in calibrating charge shifts and serves the unambiguous identification of the sp3 bond contribution in the C 1s spectra obtained from ND samples. Results were validated through reference measurements on hydrogenated single crystal C(111)-H and highly-ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG).
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Romanyuk
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (Š.S.); (J.Z.); (K.A.D.); (A.K.)
| | - Štěpán Stehlík
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (Š.S.); (J.Z.); (K.A.D.); (A.K.)
- New Technologies—Research Centre, University of West Bohemia, Univerzitní 8, 306 14 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Zemek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (Š.S.); (J.Z.); (K.A.D.); (A.K.)
| | - Kateřina Aubrechtová Dragounová
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (Š.S.); (J.Z.); (K.A.D.); (A.K.)
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Břehová 7, 115 19 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alexander Kromka
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnická 10, 162 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (Š.S.); (J.Z.); (K.A.D.); (A.K.)
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2
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Sandoval P, Lopez K, Arreola A, Len A, Basravi N, Yamaguchi P, Kawamura R, Stokes CX, Melendrez C, Simpson D, Lee SJ, Titus CJ, Altoe V, Sainio S, Nordlund D, Irwin K, Wolcott A. Quantum Diamonds at the Beach: Chemical Insights into Silica Growth on Nanoscale Diamond using Multimodal Characterization and Simulation. ACS NANOSCIENCE AU 2023; 3:462-474. [PMID: 38144705 PMCID: PMC10740120 DOI: 10.1021/acsnanoscienceau.3c00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Surface chemistry of materials that host quantum bits such as diamond is an important avenue of exploration as quantum computation and quantum sensing platforms mature. Interfacing diamond in general and nanoscale diamond (ND) in particular with silica is a potential route to integrate room temperature quantum bits into photonic devices, fiber optics, cells, or tissues with flexible functionalization chemistry. While silica growth on ND cores has been used successfully for quantum sensing and biolabeling, the surface mechanism to initiate growth was unknown. This report describes the surface chemistry responsible for silica bond formation on diamond and uses X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to probe the diamond surface chemistry and its electronic structure with increasing silica thickness. A modified Stöber (Cigler) method was used to synthesize 2-35 nm thick shells of SiO2 onto carboxylic acid-rich ND cores. The diamond morphology, surface, and electronic structure were characterized by overlapping techniques including electron microscopy. Importantly, we discovered that SiO2 growth on carboxylated NDs eliminates the presence of carboxylic acids and that basic ethanolic solutions convert the ND surface to an alcohol-rich surface prior to silica growth. The data supports a mechanism that alcohols on the ND surface generate silyl-ether (ND-O-Si-(OH)3) bonds due to rehydroxylation by ammonium hydroxide in ethanol. The suppression of the diamond electronic structure as a function of SiO2 thickness was observed for the first time, and a maximum probing depth of ∼14 nm was calculated. XAS spectra based on the Auger electron escape depth was modeled using the NIST database for the Simulation of Electron Spectra for Surface Analysis (SESSA) to support our experimental results. Additionally, resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) maps produced by the transition edge sensor reinforces the chemical analysis provided by XAS. Researchers using diamond or high-pressure high temperature (HPHT) NDs and other exotic materials (e.g., silicon carbide or cubic-boron nitride) for quantum sensing applications may exploit these results to design new layered or core-shell quantum sensors by forming covalent bonds via surface alcohol groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perla
J. Sandoval
- Department
of Chemistry, San José State University, 1 Washington Square, San José, California 95192, United States
| | - Karen Lopez
- Department
of Chemistry, San José State University, 1 Washington Square, San José, California 95192, United States
| | - Andres Arreola
- Department
of Chemistry, San José State University, 1 Washington Square, San José, California 95192, United States
| | - Anida Len
- Department
of Chemistry, San José State University, 1 Washington Square, San José, California 95192, United States
| | - Nedah Basravi
- Department
of Chemistry, San José State University, 1 Washington Square, San José, California 95192, United States
| | - Pomaikaimaikalani Yamaguchi
- Department
of Chemistry, San José State University, 1 Washington Square, San José, California 95192, United States
| | - Rina Kawamura
- Department
of Chemistry, San José State University, 1 Washington Square, San José, California 95192, United States
| | - Camron X. Stokes
- Department
of Chemistry, San José State University, 1 Washington Square, San José, California 95192, United States
| | - Cynthia Melendrez
- Department
of Chemistry, San José State University, 1 Washington Square, San José, California 95192, United States
| | - Davida Simpson
- Department
of Chemistry, San José State University, 1 Washington Square, San José, California 95192, United States
| | - Sang-Jun Lee
- Stanford
Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sandhill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Charles James Titus
- Department
of Physics, Stanford University, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Palo Alto, California 94025, United States
| | - Virginia Altoe
- The
Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron
Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Sami Sainio
- Stanford
Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sandhill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- Microelectronics
Research Unit, University of Oulu, Pentti Kaiteran katu 1, Linnanmaa,
P.O. Box 4500, Oulu 90014, Finland
| | - Dennis Nordlund
- Stanford
Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sandhill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Kent Irwin
- Stanford
Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sandhill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- Department
of Physics, Stanford University, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Palo Alto, California 94025, United States
| | - Abraham Wolcott
- Department
of Chemistry, San José State University, 1 Washington Square, San José, California 95192, United States
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3
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Beck RA, Huang Y, Petrone A, Abbott JW, Pauzauskie PJ, Li X. Electronic Structures and Spectroscopic Signatures of Noble-Gas-Doped Nanodiamonds. ACS PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY AU 2023; 3:299-310. [PMID: 37249932 PMCID: PMC10214509 DOI: 10.1021/acsphyschemau.2c00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent nanodiamonds, that is, those containing optically active defects, have attracted interest for their ability to be used as qubits; for in vivo imaging; and as sensors for spin, stress, and temperature. One of the most commonly studied nanodiamond color centers is the nitrogen vacancy. However, there is strong interest in discovering other impurity centers that provide localized midband gap transitions. Noble gas atoms have garnered attention since they have been discovered within nanodiamonds produced through high-pressure-high-temperature laser-heated diamond anvil cell synthesis methods, where they are commonly used as hydrostatic pressure media. Noble gas atoms that exist in macrosized natural or synthetic diamonds have been shown to be able to form color centers. This research uses ab initio density functional theory and cluster models to systematically study the localized electronic structure for group VIII impurities of nanodiamond, including helium, neon, argon, krypton, and xenon. An in-depth examination of the interaction between the noble gas atom and diamond lattice has been carried out. The changes to the vibrational and UV/vis absorption spectra have been analyzed. It was determined that the energetically preferred geometry is dependent on the atom size. Most noble gas defects are stabilized within the nanodiamond lattice and exist in tetrahedral interstitial positions, except for the largest noble gas studied in this work, Xe, which was determined to prefer a substitutional configuration. Both Kr and Xe are expected to be able to manifest visible/near-IR optical responses when included in the diamond lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A. Beck
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Yue Huang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Alessio Petrone
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche Angelo, via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Joseph W. Abbott
- Laboratory
of Computational Science and Modeling, Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne,1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Peter J. Pauzauskie
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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4
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Chang SLY, Reineck P, Krueger A, Mochalin VN. Ultrasmall Nanodiamonds: Perspectives and Questions. ACS NANO 2022; 16:8513-8524. [PMID: 35605109 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanodiamonds are at the heart of a plethora of emerging applications in areas ranging from nanocomposites and tribology to nanomedicine and quantum sensing. The development of alternative synthesis methods, a better understanding, and the availability of ultrasmall nanodiamonds of less than 3 nm size with a precisely engineered composition, including the particle surface and atomic defects in the diamond crystal lattice, would mark a leap forward for many existing and future applications. Yet today, we are unable to accurately control nanodiamond composition at the atomic scale, nor can we reliably create and isolate particles in this size range. In this perspective, we discuss recent advances, challenges, and opportunities in the synthesis, characterization, and application of ultrasmall nanodiamonds. We particularly focus on the advantages of bottom-up synthesis of these particles and critically assess the physicochemical properties of ultrasmall nanodiamonds, which significantly differ from those of larger particles and bulk diamond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shery L Y Chang
- Electron Microscope Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Philipp Reineck
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics & School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Anke Krueger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Vadym N Mochalin
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
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5
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Characterization of Carbon Nanostructures by Photoelectron Spectroscopies. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15134434. [PMID: 35806559 PMCID: PMC9267296 DOI: 10.3390/ma15134434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the scientific community experienced two revolutionary events. The first was the synthesis of single-layer graphene, which boosted research in many different areas. The second was the advent of quantum technologies with the promise to become pervasive in several aspects of everyday life. In this respect, diamonds and nanodiamonds are among the most promising materials to develop quantum devices. Graphene and nanodiamonds can be coupled with other carbon nanostructures to enhance specific properties or be properly functionalized to tune their quantum response. This contribution briefly explores photoelectron spectroscopies and, in particular, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and then turns to the present applications of this technique for characterizing carbon nanomaterials. XPS is a qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis technique. It is surface-sensitive due to its limited sampling depth, which confines the analysis only to the outer few top-layers of the material surface. This enables researchers to understand the surface composition of the sample and how the chemistry influences its interaction with the environment. Although the chemical analysis remains the main information provided by XPS, modern instruments couple this information with spatial resolution and mapping or with the possibility to analyze the material in operando conditions at nearly atmospheric pressures. Examples of the application of photoelectron spectroscopies to the characterization of carbon nanostructures will be reviewed to present the potentialities of these techniques.
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6
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Boyer A, Hervé M, Scognamiglio A, Loriot V, Lépine F. Time-resolved relaxation and cage opening in diamondoids following XUV ultrafast ionization. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:27477-27483. [PMID: 34870657 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03502a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Unraveling ultrafast processes induced by energetic radiation is compulsory to understand the evolution of molecules under extreme excitation conditions. To describe these photo-induced processes, one needs to perform time-resolved experiments to follow in real time the dynamics induced by the absorption of light. Recent experiments have demonstrated that ultrafast dynamics on few tens of femtoseconds are expected in such situations and a very challenging task is to identify the role played by electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom, charge, energy flows and structural rearrangements. Here, we performed time-resolved XUV-IR experiments on diamondoids carbon cages, in order to decipher the processes following XUV ionization. We show that the dynamics is driven by two timescales, the first one is associated to electronic relaxation and the second one is identified as the redistribution of vibrational energy along the accessible modes, prior to the cage opening that is involved in all fragmentation mechanisms in this family of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexie Boyer
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Marius Hervé
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Audrey Scognamiglio
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Vincent Loriot
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Franck Lépine
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France.
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7
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Ducrozet F, Girard HA, Leroy J, Larquet E, Florea I, Brun E, Sicard-Roselli C, Arnault JC. New Insights into the Reactivity of Detonation Nanodiamonds during the First Stages of Graphitization. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11102671. [PMID: 34685112 PMCID: PMC8537936 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to compare the early stages of graphitization of the same DND source for two annealing atmospheres (primary vacuum, argon at atmospheric pressure) in an identical set-up. DND samples are finely characterized by a combination of complementary techniques (FTIR, Raman, XPS, HR-TEM) to highlight the induced modifications for temperature up to 1100 °C. The annealing atmosphere has a significant impact on the graphitization kinetics with a higher fraction of sp2-C formed under vacuum compared to argon for the same temperature. Whatever the annealing atmosphere, carbon hydrogen bonds are created at the DND surface during annealing according to FTIR. A “nano effect”, specific to the <10 nm size of DND, exalts the extreme surface chemistry in XPS analysis. According to HR-TEM images, the graphitization is limited to the first outer shell even for DND annealed at 1100 °C under vacuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Ducrozet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, CEDEX, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France; (F.D.); (J.L.)
- Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR 8000, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France; (E.B.); (C.S.-R.)
| | - Hugues A. Girard
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, CEDEX, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France; (F.D.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence: (H.A.G.); (J.-C.A.)
| | - Jocelyne Leroy
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, CEDEX, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France; (F.D.); (J.L.)
| | - Eric Larquet
- Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory (PMC), UMR CNRS 7643, Ecole Polytechnique, IP-Paris, 91228 Palaiseau, France;
| | - Ileana Florea
- Laboratory of Physics of Interfaces and Thin Films (LPICM), UMR CNRS 7647, Ecole Polytechnique, IP-Paris, 91228 Palaiseau, France;
| | - Emilie Brun
- Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR 8000, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France; (E.B.); (C.S.-R.)
| | - Cécile Sicard-Roselli
- Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR 8000, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France; (E.B.); (C.S.-R.)
| | - Jean-Charles Arnault
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, CEDEX, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France; (F.D.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence: (H.A.G.); (J.-C.A.)
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8
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Cheng R, Xiang Y, Guo R, Li L, Zou G, Fu C, Hou H, Ji X. Structure and Interface Modification of Carbon Dots for Electrochemical Energy Application. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2102091. [PMID: 34318998 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202102091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) as new nanomaterials have attracted much attention in recent years due to their unique characteristics. Notably, structure and interface modification (carbon core, edge, defects, and functional groups) of CDs have been considered as valid methods to regulate their properties, which contain electron transfer effect, electrochemical activity, fluorescence luminescent, and so on. Additionally, CDs with ultrasmall size, excellent dispersibility, high specific surface area, and abundant functional groups can guarantee positive and extraordinary effects in electrical energy storage and conversion. Therefore, CDs are used to couple with other materials by constructing a special interface structure to enhance their properties. Here, diverse structural and interfacial modifications of CDs with various heteroatoms and synergy effects are systematically analyzed. And not only several main syntheses of CDs-based composites (CDs/X) are summarized but also the merit and demerit of CDs/X in electrical energy storage are discussed. Finally, the applications of CDs/X in energy storage devices (supercapacitors, batteries) and electrocatalysts for practical applications are discussed. This review mainly provides a comprehensive summary and future prospect for synthesis, modification, and electrochemical applications of CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Cheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yinger Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Ruiting Guo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Lin Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Guoqiang Zou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Chaopeng Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hongshuai Hou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Xiaobo Ji
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
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9
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Hossain M, De J, Bhattacharjee J. Hybrid Atomic Orbital Basis from First Principles: Bottom-Up Mapping of Self-Energy Correction to Large Covalent Systems. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:6805-6817. [PMID: 34324816 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Construction of hybrid atomic orbitals is proposed as the approximate common eigenstates of finite first moment matrices. Their hybridization and orientation can be a priori tuned as per their anticipated neighborhood. Their Wannier function counterparts constructed from the Kohn-Sham (KS) single particle states constitute an orthonormal multiorbital tight binding (TB) basis resembling hybrid atomic orbitals locked to their immediate atomic neighborhood, while spanning the subspace of KS states. The proposed basis thus renders predominantly single TB parameters from first principles for each nearest neighbor bond involving no more than two orbitals irrespective of their orientation and also facilitates an easy route for the transfer of such TB parameters across isostructural systems exclusively through mapping of neighborhoods and projection of orbital charge centers. With hybridized 2s, 2p and 3s, 3p valence electrons, the spatial extent of the self-energy correction (SEC) to TB parameters in the proposed basis is found to be localized mostly within the third nearest neighborhood, thus allowing effective transfer of self-energy-corrected TB parameters from smaller reference systems to much larger target systems, with nominal additional computational cost beyond that required for explicit computation of SEC in the reference systems. The proposed approach promises inexpensive estimation of the quasi-particle structures of large covalent systems with workable accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoar Hossain
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, Homi Bhaba National Institute, Jatni, Khurda, Bhubaneswar, 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Joydev De
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, Homi Bhaba National Institute, Jatni, Khurda, Bhubaneswar, 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Joydeep Bhattacharjee
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, Homi Bhaba National Institute, Jatni, Khurda, Bhubaneswar, 752050, Odisha, India
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10
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Clustering of Diamond Nanoparticles, Fluorination and Efficiency of Slow Neutron Reflectors. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11081945. [PMID: 34443779 PMCID: PMC8398902 DOI: 10.3390/nano11081945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Neutrons can be an instrument or an object in many fields of research. Major efforts all over the world are devoted to improving the intensity of neutron sources and the efficiency of neutron delivery for experimental installations. In this context, neutron reflectors play a key role because they allow significant improvement of both economy and efficiency. For slow neutrons, Detonation NanoDiamond (DND) powders provide exceptionally good reflecting performance due to the combination of enhanced coherent scattering and low neutron absorption. The enhancement is at maximum when the nanoparticle diameter is close to the neutron wavelength. Therefore, the mean nanoparticle diameter and the diameter distribution are important. In addition, DNDs show clustering, which increases their effective diameters. Here, we report on how breaking agglomerates affects clustering of DNDs and the overall reflector performance. We characterize DNDs using small-angle neutron scattering, X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, neutron activation analysis, dynamical light scattering, infra-red light spectroscopy, and others. Based on the results of these tests, we discuss the calculated size distribution of DNDs, the absolute cross-section of neutron scattering, the neutron albedo, and the neutron intensity gain for neutron traps with DND walls.
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11
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Valencia AM, Shargaieva O, Schier R, Unger E, Cocchi C. Optical Fingerprints of Polynuclear Complexes in Lead Halide Perovskite Precursor Solutions. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:2299-2305. [PMID: 33651616 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Solvent-solute interactions in precursor solutions of lead halide perovskites (LHPs) critically impact the quality of solution-processed materials, as they lead to the formation of a variety of poly-iodoplumbates that act as building blocks for LHPs. The formation of [PbI2+n]n- complexes is often expected in diluted solutions, while coordination occurring at high concentrations is not yet well understood. In a combined ab initio and experimental work, we demonstrate that the optical spectra of the quasi-one-dimensional iodoplumbate complexes PbI2(DMSO)4, Pb2I4(DMSO)6, and Pb3I6(DMSO)8 formed in dimethyl sulfoxide solutions are compatible with the spectral fingerprints measured at high lead iodide concentrations. This finding suggests that the interpretation of optical spectra of LHP precursor solutions should account for the formation of polynuclear lead halide complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Valencia
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Physics Department and IRIS Adlershof, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Institute of Physics, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Oleksandra Shargaieva
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Young Investigator Group 'Hybrid Materials Formation and Scaling', 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Richard Schier
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Physics Department and IRIS Adlershof, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva Unger
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Young Investigator Group 'Hybrid Materials Formation and Scaling', 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Caterina Cocchi
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Physics Department and IRIS Adlershof, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Institute of Physics, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
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12
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Ma X, Liu X, Li Y, Xi X, Yao Q, Fan J. Influence of crystallization temperature on fluorescence of n-diamond quantum dots. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:505712. [PMID: 33021232 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abb72d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanodiamonds are popular biological labels because of their superior mechanical and optical properties. Their surfaces bridging the core and surrounding medium play a key role in determining their bio-linkage and photophysical properties. n-diamond is a mysterious carbon allotrope whose crystal structure remains debated. We study the influence of the crystallization temperature on the fluorescence properties of the colloidal n-diamond quantum dots (n-DQDs) with sizes of several nanometers. They exhibit multiband fluorescence across the whole visible region which depends sensitively on the crystallization temperature. Their surfaces turn from hydrophobic ones rich of sp2-bonded carbon into hydrophilic ones rich of carboxyl derivatives and hydroxyl groups as the crystallization temperature increases. The different surface states correlated with the surface structures account for the distinct fluorescence properties of the n-DQDs crystallized at different temperatures. These high-purity ultrasmall n-DQDs with tunable surface chemistry and fluorescence properties are promising multicolor biomarkers and lighting sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanxuan Ma
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaonan Xi
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqin Yao
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiyang Fan
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
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13
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Bosak A, Dideikin A, Dubois M, Ivankov O, Lychagin E, Muzychka A, Nekhaev G, Nesvizhevsky V, Nezvanov A, Schweins R, Strelkov A, Vul’ A, Zhernenkov K. Fluorination of Diamond Nanoparticles in Slow Neutron Reflectors Does Not Destroy Their Crystalline Cores and Clustering While Decreasing Neutron Losses. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13153337. [PMID: 32727005 PMCID: PMC7435844 DOI: 10.3390/ma13153337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
If the wavelength of radiation and the size of inhomogeneities in the medium are approximately equal, the radiation might be intensively scattered in the medium and reflected from its surface. Such efficient nanomaterial reflectors are of great scientific and technological interest. In previous works, we demonstrated a significant improvement in the efficiency of reflection of slow neutrons from a powder of diamond nanoparticles by replacing hydrogen located on the surface of nanoparticles with fluorine and removing the residual sp2 amorphous shells of nanoparticles via the fluorination process. In this paper, we study the mechanism of this improvement using a set of complementary experimental techniques. To analyze the data on a small-angle scattering of neutrons and X-rays in powders of diamond nanoparticles, we have developed a model of discrete-size diamond nanospheres. Our results show that fluorination does not destroy either the crystalline cores of nanoparticles or their clustering in the scale range of 0.6–200 nm. This observation implies that it does not significantly affect the neutron scattering properties of the powder. We conclude that the overall increase in reflectivity from the fluorinated nanodiamond powder is primarily due to the large reduction of neutron losses in the powder caused by the removal of hydrogen contaminations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Bosak
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38042 Grenoble, France;
| | - Artur Dideikin
- Ioffe Institute, Ru-194021 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.D.); (A.V.)
| | - Marc Dubois
- SIGMA Clermont (ICCF), Université Clermont Auvergne, 24 Avenue Blaise Pascal, F-63178 Aubière, France;
| | - Oleksandr Ivankov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 6 Joliot Curie, Ru-141980 Dubna, Russia; (O.I.); (E.L.); (A.M.); (G.N.); (A.N.); (A.S.); (K.Z.)
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutskiy per., Ru-141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Institute for Safety Problems of Nuclear Power Plants NAS of Ukraine, 12 Lysogirska str., Ukr-03028 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Egor Lychagin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 6 Joliot Curie, Ru-141980 Dubna, Russia; (O.I.); (E.L.); (A.M.); (G.N.); (A.N.); (A.S.); (K.Z.)
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Ru-119991 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Dubna State University, Universitetskaya 19, Ru-141982 Dubna, Russia
| | - Alexei Muzychka
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 6 Joliot Curie, Ru-141980 Dubna, Russia; (O.I.); (E.L.); (A.M.); (G.N.); (A.N.); (A.S.); (K.Z.)
| | - Grigory Nekhaev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 6 Joliot Curie, Ru-141980 Dubna, Russia; (O.I.); (E.L.); (A.M.); (G.N.); (A.N.); (A.S.); (K.Z.)
| | - Valery Nesvizhevsky
- Institut Max von Laue-Paul Langevin, 71 av. des Martyrs, F-38042 Grenoble, France;
- Correspondence:
| | - Alexander Nezvanov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 6 Joliot Curie, Ru-141980 Dubna, Russia; (O.I.); (E.L.); (A.M.); (G.N.); (A.N.); (A.S.); (K.Z.)
| | - Ralf Schweins
- Institut Max von Laue-Paul Langevin, 71 av. des Martyrs, F-38042 Grenoble, France;
| | - Alexander Strelkov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 6 Joliot Curie, Ru-141980 Dubna, Russia; (O.I.); (E.L.); (A.M.); (G.N.); (A.N.); (A.S.); (K.Z.)
| | - Alexander Vul’
- Ioffe Institute, Ru-194021 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.D.); (A.V.)
| | - Kirill Zhernenkov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 6 Joliot Curie, Ru-141980 Dubna, Russia; (O.I.); (E.L.); (A.M.); (G.N.); (A.N.); (A.S.); (K.Z.)
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 85748 Garching, Germany
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14
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Chang SLY, Reineck P, Williams D, Bryant G, Opletal G, El-Demrdash SA, Chiu PL, Ōsawa E, Barnard AS, Dwyer C. Dynamic self-assembly of detonation nanodiamond in water. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:5363-5367. [PMID: 32100774 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr08984e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanodiamonds are increasingly used in many areas of science and technology, yet, their colloidal properties remain poorly understood. Here we use direct imaging as well as light and X-ray scattering reveal that purified detonation nanodiamond (DND) particles in an aqueous environment exhibit a self-assembled lace-like network, even without additional surface modification. Such behaviour is previously unknown and contradicts the current consensus that DND exists as mono-dispersed single particles. With the aid of mesoscale simulations, we show that the lace network is likely the result of competition between a short-ranged electrostatic attraction between faceted particles and a longer-ranged repulsion arising from the interaction between the surface functional groups and the surrounding water molecules which prevents complete flocculation. Our findings have significant implications for applications of DND where control of the aggregation behaviour is critical to performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shery L Y Chang
- Eyring Materials Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA.
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15
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Park S, Abate II, Liu J, Wang C, Dahl JEP, Carlson RMK, Yang L, Prakapenka VB, Greenberg E, Devereaux TP, Jia C, Ewing RC, Mao WL, Lin Y. Facile diamond synthesis from lower diamondoids. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay9405. [PMID: 32128417 PMCID: PMC7034983 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay9405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-based nanomaterials have exceptional properties that make them attractive for a variety of technological applications. Here, we report on the use of diamondoids (diamond-like, saturated hydrocarbons) as promising precursors for laser-induced high-pressure, high-temperature diamond synthesis. The lowest pressure and temperature (P-T) conditions that yielded diamond were 12 GPa (at ~2000 K) and 900 K (at ~20 GPa), respectively. This represents a substantially reduced transformation barrier compared with diamond synthesis from conventional (hydro)carbon allotropes, owing to the similarities in the structure and full sp3 hybridization of diamondoids and bulk diamond. At 20 GPa, diamondoid-to-diamond conversion occurs rapidly within <19 μs. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate that once dehydrogenated, the remaining diamondoid carbon cages reconstruct themselves into diamond-like structures at high P-T. This study is the first successful mapping of the P-T conditions and onset timing of the diamondoid-to-diamond conversion and elucidates the physical and chemical factors that facilitate diamond synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulgiye Park
- Department of Geological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Iwnetim I. Abate
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Geological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Chenxu Wang
- Department of Geological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jeremy E. P. Dahl
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Robert M. K. Carlson
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Liuxiang Yang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Vitali B. Prakapenka
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Eran Greenberg
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Thomas P. Devereaux
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chunjing Jia
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Rodney C. Ewing
- Department of Geological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Wendy L. Mao
- Department of Geological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Yu Lin
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Corresponding author.
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16
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Petkov V, Valov R. Structure and morphology of composite coating of chromium with diamond nanoparticles on sintered steels. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-1616-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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17
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Eivazzadeh-Keihan R, Maleki A, de la Guardia M, Bani MS, Chenab KK, Pashazadeh-Panahi P, Baradaran B, Mokhtarzadeh A, Hamblin MR. Carbon based nanomaterials for tissue engineering of bone: Building new bone on small black scaffolds: A review. J Adv Res 2019; 18:185-201. [PMID: 31032119 PMCID: PMC6479020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering is a rapidly-growing approach to replace and repair damaged and defective tissues in the human body. Every year, a large number of people require bone replacements for skeletal defects caused by accident or disease that cannot heal on their own. In the last decades, tissue engineering of bone has attracted much attention from biomedical scientists in academic and commercial laboratories. A vast range of biocompatible advanced materials has been used to form scaffolds upon which new bone can form. Carbon nanomaterial-based scaffolds are a key example, with the advantages of being biologically compatible, mechanically stable, and commercially available. They show remarkable ability to affect bone tissue regeneration, efficient cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. Basically, scaffolds are templates for growth, proliferation, regeneration, adhesion, and differentiation processes of bone stem cells that play a truly critical role in bone tissue engineering. The appropriate scaffold should supply a microenvironment for bone cells that is most similar to natural bone in the human body. A variety of carbon nanomaterials, such as graphene oxide (GO), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), fullerenes, carbon dots (CDs), nanodiamonds and their derivatives that are able to act as scaffolds for bone tissue engineering, are covered in this review. Broadly, the ability of the family of carbon nanomaterial-based scaffolds and their critical role in bone tissue engineering research are discussed. The significant stimulating effects on cell growth, low cytotoxicity, efficient nutrient delivery in the scaffold microenvironment, suitable functionalized chemical structures to facilitate cell-cell communication, and improvement in cell spreading are the main advantages of carbon nanomaterial-based scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Eivazzadeh-Keihan
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran
| | - Ali Maleki
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran
| | - Miguel de la Guardia
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Milad Salimi Bani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Karim Khanmohammadi Chenab
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran
| | - Paria Pashazadeh-Panahi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Gorgan Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Golestan Province, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, Higher Education Institute of Rab-Rashid, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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18
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Colloids of detonation nanodiamond particles for advanced applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 268:64-81. [PMID: 30953976 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Nanodiamond (ND) is one of the most attractive allotropic modification of carbon due to their unique physical and chemical properties. In the present review the current state of science and technology in the field of NDs is analyzed. ND can be used in various application and in different form e.g. as a dispersion phase in suspension, as a filler in composites, etc., so the sedimentation stability of ND in different media are under scrutiny. Thus, theoretical aspects of ND suspension coagulation mechanisms and the methods avoiding it were considered. The dependence of rheological behavior on particles modification was discussed as well. Various methods for the preparation and modification of NDs to obtain particles of various sizes on a nanometer scale with different physicochemical properties were reviewed. The area of practical application for NDs was considered on the example of polymer composites. The various manufacturing methods, mechanical properties and medical aspects for thermosetting, thermoplastic and elastomer ND composites were summarized.
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19
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Jäger M, Shayeghi A, Klippenstein V, Johnston RL, Schäfer R. Chemical bonding in initial building blocks of semiconductors: Geometrical structures and optical absorption spectra of isolated CdSe2+ and Cd2Se2+ species. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:244308. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5066414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Jäger
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Eduard-Zintl-Institut, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Armin Shayeghi
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Eduard-Zintl-Institut, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Viktor Klippenstein
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Eduard-Zintl-Institut, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Roy L. Johnston
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Rolf Schäfer
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Eduard-Zintl-Institut, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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20
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Rai DP, Sandeep, Shankar A, Patra PK, Thapa RK. Electronic and Magnetic Properties of Fe Atomic Chain and Fe Atomic Plane: An ab initioStudy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219581x17500247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The electronic and magnetic properties of Fe atomic wire and atomic plane have been theoretically investigated from full potential linearized augmented plane wave (FPLAPW) method within a frame work of density functional theory (DFT). This work is based on the comparative study of number of Fe nanochains with infinite length and infinitely spread Fe nanosheet. A most commonly adopted GGA approximation is used for electron exchange correlation. In our calculation, the property of Fe-chain is predicted to be magnetic metal with the presence of deep valley (in Spin-up DOS) and a peak (in Spin-down DOS) at Fermi level ([Formula: see text]) shows the antisymmetric DOS. The presence of antisymmetric DOS is a signature of exchange splitting between the degenerated d-states. The splitting between t[Formula: see text] states is very prominent in Fe-chain which enhances the magnetic moment. The magnetic moment decreases with the increase in number of Fe-chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. P. Rai
- Department of Physics, Pachhunga University College, Aizawl 796001, India
| | - Sandeep
- Condensed Matter Theory Research Group, Department of Physics, Mizoram University, 796004 Aizawl, India
| | - A. Shankar
- Department of Physics, Kurseong College, Darjeeling, 734203 India
| | - P. K. Patra
- Centre for Science Education, NEHU, Shillong 793022, India
| | - R. K. Thapa
- Condensed Matter Theory Research Group, Department of Physics, Mizoram University, 796004 Aizawl, India
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21
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Barnard AS. Predicting the impact of structural diversity on the performance of nanodiamond drug carriers. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:8893-8910. [PMID: 29737997 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr01688g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Diamond nanoparticles (nanodiamonds) are unique among carbon nanomaterials, and are quickly establishing a niché in the biomedical application domain. Nanodiamonds are non-toxic, amenable to economically viable mass production, and can be interfaced with a variety of functional moieties. However, developmental challenges arise due to the chemical complexity and structural diversity inherent in nanodiamond samples. Nanodiamonds present a narrow, but significant, distribution of sizes, a dizzying array of possible shapes, and a complicated surface containing aliphatic and aromatic carbon. In the past these facts have been cast as hindrances, stalling development until perfectly monodispersed samples could be achieved. Current research has moved in a different direction, exploring ways that the polydispersivity of nanodiamond samples can be used as a new degree of engineering freedom, and understanding the impact our limited synthetic control really has upon structure/property relationships. In this review a series of computational and statistical studies will be summarised and reviewed, to characterise the relationship between chemical complexity, structural diversity and the reactive performance of nanodiamond drug carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Barnard
- Data61 CSIRO, Door 34 Goods Shed Village St, Docklands, Victoria, Australia.
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22
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Chang SLY, Dwyer C, Ōsawa E, Barnard AS. Size dependent surface reconstruction in detonation nanodiamonds. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2018; 3:213-217. [PMID: 32254073 DOI: 10.1039/c7nh00125h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanometer-sized diamond particles are used in bio-medical applications, where the nature of the nanodiamond surfaces is crucial to achieving correct functionalisation. Herein, using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and electronic structure calculations, we study the surface reconstructions that occur in detonation-synthesized nanodiamonds. Our results show that particles smaller than 3 nm exhibit size- and shape-dependent surface reconstructions, and that the surfaces can exhibit a higher-than-expected fraction of sp2+x bonding. This indicates an aliphatic character for sub-3 nm nanodiamond particles. Such behaviour impacts the functionality of nanodiamonds, where both size and surface charge can drive performance. Our observations offer a potential strategy for better functionalization control via the size range of the particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shery L Y Chang
- John M. Cowley Center for High Resolution Electron Microscopy, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA.
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23
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Salt-Assisted Ultrasonicated De-Aggregation and Advanced Redox Electrochemistry of Detonation Nanodiamond. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10111292. [PMID: 29125547 PMCID: PMC5706239 DOI: 10.3390/ma10111292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanodiamond particles form agglomerates in the dry powder state and this poses limitation to the accessibility of their diamond-like core thus dramatically impacting their technological advancement. In this work, we report de-agglomeration of nanodiamond (ND) by using a facile technique namely, salt-assisted ultrasonic de-agglomeration (SAUD). Utilizing ultrasound energy and ionic salts (sodium chloride and sodium acetate), SAUD is expected to break apart thermally treated nanodiamond aggregates (~50-100 nm) and produce an aqueous slurry of de-aggregated stable colloidal nanodiamond dispersions by virtue of ionic interactions and electrostatic stabilization. Moreover, the SAUD technique neither has toxic chemicals nor is it difficult to remove impurities and therefore the isolated nanodiamonds produced are exceptionally suited for engineered nanocarbon for mechanical (composites, lubricants) and biomedical (bio-labeling, biosensing, bioimaging, theranostic) applications. We characterized the microscopic structure using complementary techniques including transmission electron microscopy combined with selected-area electron diffraction, optical and vibrational spectroscopy. We immobilized SAUD produced NDs on boron-doped diamond electrodes to investigate fundamental electrochemical properties. They included surface potential (or Fermi energy level), carrier density and mapping electrochemical (re)activity using advanced scanning electrochemical microscopy in the presence of a redox-active probe, with the aim of understanding the surface redox chemistry and the interfacial process of isolated nanodiamond particles as opposed to aggregated and untreated nanoparticles. The experimental findings are discussed in terms of stable colloids, quantum confinement and predominantly surface effects, defect sites (sp²-bonded C and unsaturated bonds), inner core (sp³-bonded C)/outer shell (sp²-bonded C) structure, and surface functionality. Moreover, the surface electronic states give rise to midgap states which serve as electron donors (or acceptors) depending upon the bonding (or antibonding). These are important as electroanalytical platforms for various electrocatalytic processes.
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24
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Pina-Salazar EZ, Urita K, Hayashi T, Futamura R, Vallejos-Burgos F, Włoch J, Kowalczyk P, Wiśniewski M, Sakai T, Moriguchi I, Terzyk AP, Osawa E, Kaneko K. Water Adsorption Property of Hierarchically Nanoporous Detonation Nanodiamonds. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:11180-11188. [PMID: 28793776 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The detonation nanodiamonds form the aggregate having interparticle voids, giving a marked hygroscopic property. As the relationship between pore structure and water adsorption of aggregated nanodiamonds is not well understood yet, adsorption isotherms of N2 at 77 K and of water vapor at 298 K of the well-characterized aggregated nanodiamonds were measured. HR-TEM and X-ray diffraction showed that the nanodiamonds were highly crystalline and their average crystallite size was 4.5 nm. The presence of the graphitic layers on the nanodiamond particle surface was confirmed by the EELS examination. The pore size distribution analysis showed that nanodiamonds had a few ultramicropores with predominant mesopores of 4.5 nm in average size. The water vapor adsorption isotherm of IUPAC Type V indicates the hydrophobicity of the nanodiamond aggregates, with the presence of hydrophilic sites. Then the hygroscopic nature of nanodiamonds should be associated with the surface functionalities of the graphitic shell and the ultramicropores on the mesopore walls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Koki Urita
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University , Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Jerzy Włoch
- Faculty of Chemistry, Synthesis and Modification of Carbon Materials Research Group, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń , Gagarin Street 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Piotr Kowalczyk
- School of Engineering and Information Technology, Murdoch University , Murdoch 6150, WA, Australia
| | - Marek Wiśniewski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Physicochemistry of Carbon Materials Research Group, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń , Gagarin Street 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
- INVEST-TECH R&D Center, Plaska Street 32-34, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | | | - Isamu Moriguchi
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University , Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Artur P Terzyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Physicochemistry of Carbon Materials Research Group, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń , Gagarin Street 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Eiji Osawa
- Nano-Carbon Research Institute, Ltd., Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
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25
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Hu W, Lin L, Zhang R, Yang C, Yang J. Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Water Splitting over Edge-Modified Phosphorene Nanoribbons. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:15429-15436. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b08474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- Computational
Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Lin Lin
- Computational
Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Mathematics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ruiqi Zhang
- Hefei
National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department
of Chemical Physics, and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information
and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Computational
Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jinlong Yang
- Hefei
National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department
of Chemical Physics, and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information
and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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26
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Yan H, Hohman JN, Li FH, Jia C, Solis-Ibarra D, Wu B, Dahl JEP, Carlson RMK, Tkachenko BA, Fokin AA, Schreiner PR, Vailionis A, Kim TR, Devereaux TP, Shen ZX, Melosh NA. Hybrid metal-organic chalcogenide nanowires with electrically conductive inorganic core through diamondoid-directed assembly. NATURE MATERIALS 2017; 16:349-355. [PMID: 28024157 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Controlling inorganic structure and dimensionality through structure-directing agents is a versatile approach for new materials synthesis that has been used extensively for metal-organic frameworks and coordination polymers. However, the lack of 'solid' inorganic cores requires charge transport through single-atom chains and/or organic groups, limiting their electronic properties. Here, we report that strongly interacting diamondoid structure-directing agents guide the growth of hybrid metal-organic chalcogenide nanowires with solid inorganic cores having three-atom cross-sections, representing the smallest possible nanowires. The strong van der Waals attraction between diamondoids overcomes steric repulsion leading to a cis configuration at the active growth front, enabling face-on addition of precursors for nanowire elongation. These nanowires have band-like electronic properties, low effective carrier masses and three orders-of-magnitude conductivity modulation by hole doping. This discovery highlights a previously unexplored regime of structure-directing agents compared with traditional surfactant, block copolymer or metal-organic framework linkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yan
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - J Nathan Hohman
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Fei Hua Li
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Chunjing Jia
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Diego Solis-Ibarra
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, CDMX 04510, México
| | - Bin Wu
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Jeremy E P Dahl
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Robert M K Carlson
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Boryslav A Tkachenko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus-Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Andrey A Fokin
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus-Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Peter R Schreiner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus-Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Arturas Vailionis
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Taeho Roy Kim
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Thomas P Devereaux
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Zhi-Xun Shen
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Nicholas A Melosh
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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27
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Wen B, Tian Y. Synthesis, Thermal Properties and Application of Nanodiamond. THERMAL TRANSPORT IN CARBON-BASED NANOMATERIALS 2017:85-112. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-32-346240-2.00004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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28
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Su DS, Wen G, Wu S, Peng F, Schlögl R. Carbocatalysis in Liquid-Phase Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 56:936-964. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201600906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dang Sheng Su
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science; Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 72 Wenhua Road Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Guodong Wen
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science; Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 72 Wenhua Road Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Shuchang Wu
- Max-Planck-Institut für chemische Energiekonversion; Stiftstrasse 34-36 45470 Mülheim a.d. Ruhr Germany
| | - Feng Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Max-Planck-Institut für chemische Energiekonversion; Stiftstrasse 34-36 45470 Mülheim a.d. Ruhr Germany
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Faradayweg 4-6 Berlin 14195 Germany
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29
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Su DS, Wen G, Wu S, Peng F, Schlögl R. Carbokatalyse in Flüssigphasenreaktionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201600906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dang Sheng Su
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science; Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 72 Wenhua Road Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Guodong Wen
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science; Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 72 Wenhua Road Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Shuchang Wu
- Max-Planck-Institut für chemische Energiekonversion; Stiftstraße 34-36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
| | - Feng Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Max-Planck-Institut für chemische Energiekonversion; Stiftstraße 34-36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Faradayweg 4-6 Berlin 14195 Deutschland
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30
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High-yield fabrication and properties of 1.4 nm nanodiamonds with narrow size distribution. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38419. [PMID: 27910924 PMCID: PMC5133551 DOI: 10.1038/srep38419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Detonation nanodiamonds (DNDs) with a typical size of 5 nm have attracted broad interest in science and technology. Further size reduction of DNDs would bring these nanoparticles to the molecular-size level and open new prospects for research and applications in various fields, ranging from quantum physics to biomedicine. Here we show a controllable size reduction of the DND mean size down to 1.4 nm without significant particle loss and with additional disintegration of DND core agglutinates by air annealing, leading to a significantly narrowed size distribution (±0.7 nm). This process is scalable to large quantities. Such molecular-sized DNDs keep their diamond structure and characteristic DND features as shown by Raman spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, STEM and EELS. The size of 1 nm is identified as a limit, below which the DNDs become amorphous.
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31
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Sun B, Barnard AS. Impact of speciation on the electron charge transfer properties of nanodiamond drug carriers. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:14264-14270. [PMID: 27404991 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr03068h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Unpassivated diamond nanoparticles (bucky-diamonds) exhibit a unique surface reconstruction involving graphitization of certain crystal facets, giving rise to hybrid core-shell particles containing both aromatic and aliphatic carbon. Considerable effort is directed toward eliminating the aromatic shell, but persistent graphitization of subsequent subsurface-layers makes perdurable purification a challenge. In this study we use some simple statistical methods, in combination with electronic structure simulations, to predict the impact of different fractions of aromatic and aliphatic carbon on the charge transfer properties of the ensembles of bucky-diamonds. By predicting quality factors for a variety of cases, we find that perfect purification is not necessary to preserve selectivity, and there is a clear motivation for purifying samples to improve the sensitivity of charge transfer reactions. This may prove useful in designing drug delivery systems where the release of (selected) drugs needs to be sensitive to specific conditions at the point of delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baichuan Sun
- CSIRO Virtual Nanoscience Laboratory, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
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32
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Dubrovinskaia N, Dubrovinsky L, Solopova NA, Abakumov A, Turner S, Hanfland M, Bykova E, Bykov M, Prescher C, Prakapenka VB, Petitgirard S, Chuvashova I, Gasharova B, Mathis YL, Ershov P, Snigireva I, Snigirev A. Terapascal static pressure generation with ultrahigh yield strength nanodiamond. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2016; 2:e1600341. [PMID: 27453944 PMCID: PMC4956398 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1600341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Studies of materials' properties at high and ultrahigh pressures lead to discoveries of unique physical and chemical phenomena and a deeper understanding of matter. In high-pressure research, an achievable static pressure limit is imposed by the strength of available strong materials and design of high-pressure devices. Using a high-pressure and high-temperature technique, we synthesized optically transparent microballs of bulk nanocrystalline diamond, which were found to have an exceptional yield strength (~460 GPa at a confining pressure of ~70 GPa) due to the unique microstructure of bulk nanocrystalline diamond. We used the nanodiamond balls in a double-stage diamond anvil cell high-pressure device that allowed us to generate static pressures beyond 1 TPa, as demonstrated by synchrotron x-ray diffraction. Outstanding mechanical properties (strain-dependent elasticity, very high hardness, and unprecedented yield strength) make the nanodiamond balls a unique device for ultrahigh static pressure generation. Structurally isotropic, homogeneous, and made of a low-Z material, they are promising in the field of x-ray optical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Dubrovinskaia
- Material Physics and Technology at Extreme Conditions, Laboratory of Crystallography, University of Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Leonid Dubrovinsky
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Natalia A. Solopova
- Material Physics and Technology at Extreme Conditions, Laboratory of Crystallography, University of Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Artem Abakumov
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stuart Turner
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Michael Hanfland
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, BP 220 F-38043 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Elena Bykova
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Maxim Bykov
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Clemens Prescher
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60437, USA
| | - Vitali B. Prakapenka
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60437, USA
| | | | - Irina Chuvashova
- Material Physics and Technology at Extreme Conditions, Laboratory of Crystallography, University of Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Biliana Gasharova
- Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Yves-Laurent Mathis
- ANKA Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Petr Ershov
- Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, RU-236041 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Irina Snigireva
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, BP 220 F-38043 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Anatoly Snigirev
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, BP 220 F-38043 Grenoble Cedex, France
- Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, RU-236041 Kaliningrad, Russia
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33
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Chang SLY, Barnard AS, Dwyer C, Boothroyd CB, Hocking RK, Ōsawa E, Nicholls RJ. Counting vacancies and nitrogen-vacancy centers in detonation nanodiamond. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:10548-52. [PMID: 27147128 PMCID: PMC5048336 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr01888b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Detonation nanodiamond particles (DND) contain highly-stable nitrogen-vacancy (N-V) centers, making it important for quantum-optical and biotechnology applications. However, due to the small particle size, the N-V concentrations are believed to be intrinsically very low, spawning efforts to understand the formation of N-V centers and vacancies, and increase their concentration. Here we show that vacancies in DND can be detected and quantified using simulation-aided electron energy loss spectroscopy. Despite the small particle size, we find that vacancies exist at concentrations of about 1 at%. Based on this experimental finding, we use ab initio calculations to predict that about one fifth of vacancies in DND form N-V centers. The ability to directly detect and quantify vacancies in DND, and predict the corresponding N-V formation probability, has a significant impact to those emerging technologies where higher concentrations and better dispersion of N-V centres are critically required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shery L Y Chang
- Leroy Eyring Center for Solid State Science, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA.
| | | | | | - Chris B Boothroyd
- Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Rosalie K Hocking
- College of Science Technology and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Eiji Ōsawa
- NanoCarbon Research Institute, Ueda, Japan
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34
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Barnard AS. Challenges in modelling nanoparticles for drug delivery. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2016; 28:023002. [PMID: 26682622 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/2/023002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Although there have been significant advances in the fields of theoretical condensed matter and computational physics, when confronted with the complexity and diversity of nanoparticles available in conventional laboratories a number of modeling challenges remain. These challenges are generally shared among application domains, but the impacts of the limitations and approximations we make to overcome them (or circumvent them) can be more significant one area than another. In the case of nanoparticles for drug delivery applications some immediate challenges include the incompatibility of length-scales, our ability to model weak interactions and solvation, the complexity of the thermochemical environment surrounding the nanoparticles, and the role of polydispersivity in determining properties and performance. Some of these challenges can be met with existing technologies, others with emerging technologies including the data-driven sciences; some others require new methods to be developed. In this article we will briefly review some simple methods and techniques that can be applied to these (and other) challenges, and demonstrate some results using nanodiamond-based drug delivery platforms as an exemplar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda S Barnard
- CSIRO Virtual Nanoscience Laboratory, 343 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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35
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Song Y, Li H, Wang L, Qiu D, Ma Y, Pei K, Zou G, Yu K. Nanodiamonds: a critical component of anodes for high performance lithium-ion batteries. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:10497-500. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc04490e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Detonation nanodiamonds (DNDs) are deposited on graphene nanosheets (GNSs) to form a hybrid DND/GNS anode material for improving the performance of lithium ion batteries with a high lithium storage capacity and excellent cycling performance and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpeng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Hongdong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Liying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Dongchao Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
- School of Science
| | - Yibo Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Kai Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Guangtian Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Kaifeng Yu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130025
- P. R. China
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36
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Science and engineering of nanodiamond particle surfaces for biological applications (Review). Biointerphases 2015; 10:030802. [PMID: 26245200 DOI: 10.1116/1.4927679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diamond has outstanding bulk properties such as super hardness, chemical inertness, biocompatibility, luminescence, to name just a few. In the nanoworld, in order to exploit these outstanding bulk properties, the surfaces of nanodiamond (ND) particles must be accordingly engineered for specific applications. Modification of functional groups on the ND's surface and the corresponding electrostatic properties determine their colloidal stability in solvents, formation of photonic crystals, controlled adsorption and release of cargo molecules, conjugation with biomolecules and polymers, and cellular uptake. The optical activity of the luminescent color centers in NDs depends on their proximity to the ND's surface and surface termination. In order to engineer the ND surface, a fundamental understanding of the specific structural features and sp(3)-sp(2) phase transformations on the surface of ND particles is required. In the case of ND particles produced by detonation of carbon containing explosives (detonation ND), it should also be taken into account that its structure depends on the synthesis parameters and subsequent processing. Thus, for development of a strategy of surface modification of detonation ND, it is imperative to know details of its production. In this review, the authors discuss ND particles structure, strategies for surface modification, electrokinetic properties of NDs in suspensions, and conclude with a brief overview of the relevant bioapplications.
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37
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Petit T, Yuzawa H, Nagasaka M, Yamanoi R, Osawa E, Kosugi N, Aziz EF. Probing Interfacial Water on Nanodiamonds in Colloidal Dispersion. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:2909-2912. [PMID: 26267179 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The structure of interfacial water layers around nanoparticles dispersed in an aqueous environment may have a significant impact on their reactivity and on their interaction with biological species. Using transmission soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy in liquid, we demonstrate that the unoccupied electronic states of oxygen atoms from water molecules in aqueous colloidal dispersions of nanodiamonds have a different signature than bulk water. X-ray absorption spectroscopy can thus probe interfacial water molecules in colloidal dispersions. The impacts of nanodiamond surface chemistry and concentration on interfacial water electronic signature are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Petit
- †Institute of Methods for Materials Development, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hayato Yuzawa
- ‡Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | | | - Ryoko Yamanoi
- §Nanocarbon Research Institute, Shinshu University, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Eiji Osawa
- §Nanocarbon Research Institute, Shinshu University, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Kosugi
- ‡Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Emad F Aziz
- †Institute of Methods for Materials Development, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- ‡Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- ∥Freie Universität Berlin, FB Physik, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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38
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Georgakilas V, Perman JA, Tucek J, Zboril R. Broad Family of Carbon Nanoallotropes: Classification, Chemistry, and Applications of Fullerenes, Carbon Dots, Nanotubes, Graphene, Nanodiamonds, and Combined Superstructures. Chem Rev 2015; 115:4744-822. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500304f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1191] [Impact Index Per Article: 132.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason A. Perman
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17 listopadu
1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Tucek
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17 listopadu
1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Zboril
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17 listopadu
1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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39
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Petit T, Pflüger M, Tolksdorf D, Xiao J, Aziz EF. Valence holes observed in nanodiamonds dispersed in water. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:2987-2991. [PMID: 25597533 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr06639a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal dispersion is essential for most nanodiamond applications, but its influence on nanodiamond electronic properties remains unknown. Here we have probed the electronic structure of oxidized detonation nanodiamonds dispersed in water by using soft X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopies at the carbon and oxygen K edges. Upon dispersion in water, the π* transitions from sp(2)-hybridized carbon disappear, and holes in the valence band are observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Petit
- Institute of Methods for Materials Development, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
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40
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Wolcott A, Schiros T, Trusheim ME, Chen EH, Nordlund D, Diaz RE, Gaathon O, Englund D, Owen JS. Surface Structure of Aerobically Oxidized Diamond Nanocrystals. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2014; 118:26695-26702. [PMID: 25436035 PMCID: PMC4242000 DOI: 10.1021/jp506992c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the aerobic oxidation of high-pressure, high-temperature nanodiamonds (5-50 nm dimensions) using a combination of carbon and oxygen K-edge X-ray absorption, wavelength-dependent X-ray photoelectron, and vibrational spectroscopies. Oxidation at 575 °C for 2 h eliminates graphitic carbon contamination (>98%) and produces nanocrystals with hydroxyl functionalized surfaces as well as a minor component (<5%) of carboxylic anhydrides. The low graphitic carbon content and the high crystallinity of HPHT are evident from Raman spectra acquired using visible wavelength excitation (λexcit = 633 nm) as well as carbon K-edge X-ray absorption spectra where the signature of a core-hole exciton is observed. Both spectroscopic features are similar to those of chemical vapor deposited (CVD) diamond but differ significantly from the spectra of detonation nanodiamond. The importance of these findings to the functionalization of nanodiamond surfaces for biological labeling applications is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Wolcott
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Electrical Engineering, Department of Applied
Mathematics and Applied Physics, and Energy Frontier Research Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Diamond Nanotechnologies
Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02134, United States
| | - Theanne Schiros
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Electrical Engineering, Department of Applied
Mathematics and Applied Physics, and Energy Frontier Research Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Matthew E. Trusheim
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Electrical Engineering, Department of Applied
Mathematics and Applied Physics, and Energy Frontier Research Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Edward H. Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Electrical Engineering, Department of Applied
Mathematics and Applied Physics, and Energy Frontier Research Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Dennis Nordlund
- Stanford
Synchrotron Radiation Light Source, SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Rosa E. Diaz
- Center
for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven
National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Ophir Gaathon
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Electrical Engineering, Department of Applied
Mathematics and Applied Physics, and Energy Frontier Research Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Diamond Nanotechnologies
Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02134, United States
| | - Dirk Englund
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Electrical Engineering, Department of Applied
Mathematics and Applied Physics, and Energy Frontier Research Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jonathan S. Owen
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Electrical Engineering, Department of Applied
Mathematics and Applied Physics, and Energy Frontier Research Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- E-mail , Tel 1-(212)-851-5879 (J.S.O.)
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41
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Bolker A, Saguy C, Kalish R. Transfer doping of single isolated nanodiamonds, studied by scanning probe microscopy techniques. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 25:385702. [PMID: 25181280 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/25/38/385702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The transfer doping of diamond surfaces has been applied in various novel two-dimensional electronic devices. Its extension to nanodiamonds (ND) is essential for ND-based applications in many fields. In particular, understanding the influence of the crystallite size on transfer doping is desirable. Here, we report the results of a detailed study of the electronic energetic band structure of single, isolated transfer-doped nanodiamonds with nanometric resolution using a combination of scanning tunneling spectroscopy and Kelvin force microscopy measurements. The results show how the band gap, the valence band maximum, the electron affinity and the work function all depend on the ND's size and nanoparticle surface properties. The present analysis, which combines information from both scanning tunneling spectroscopy and Kelvin force microscopy, should be applicable to any nanoparticle or surface that can be measured with scanning probe techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asaf Bolker
- Physics Dept., Haifa, Israel. Solid State Inst. Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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42
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Yin H, Ma Y, Hao X, Mu J, Liu C, Yi Z. Quasiparticle electronic structure and optical absorption of diamond nanoparticles from ab initio many-body perturbation theory. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:214315. [PMID: 24908016 DOI: 10.1063/1.4880695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The excited states of small-diameter diamond nanoparticles in the gas phase are studied using the GW method and Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) within the ab initio many-body perturbation theory. The calculated ionization potentials and optical gaps are in agreement with experimental results, with the average error about 0.2 eV. The electron affinity is negative and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital is rather delocalized. Precise determination of the electron affinity requires one to take the off-diagonal matrix elements of the self-energy operator into account in the GW calculation. BSE calculations predict a large exciton binding energy which is an order of magnitude larger than that in the bulk diamond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabing Yin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yuchen Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiaotao Hao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jinglin Mu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Chengbu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zhijun Yi
- Department of Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
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43
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Sun Y, Kvashnin AG, Sorokin PB, Yakobson BI, Billups WE. Radiation-Induced Nucleation of Diamond from Amorphous Carbon: Effect of Hydrogen. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:1924-8. [PMID: 26273874 DOI: 10.1021/jz5007912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Electron irradiation of anthracite functionalized by dodecyl groups leads to recrystallization of the carbon network into diamonds. The diamonds range in size from ∼2 to ∼10 nm and exhibit {111} spacing of 2.1 Å. A bulk process consistent with bias-enhanced nucleation is proposed in which the dodecyl group provides hydrogen during electron irradiation. Recrystallization into diamond occurs in the hydrogenated graphitic subsurface layers. Unfunctionalized anthracite could not be converted into diamond during electron irradiation. The dependence of the phase transition pressure on cluster size was estimated, and it was found that diamond particles with a radius up to 20 nm could be formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Sun
- †Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- ‡The Richard E. Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Alexander G Kvashnin
- †Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- §Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- ∥Technological Institute for Superhard and Novel Carbon Materials, 7a Centralnaya Street, Troitsk, Moscow, Russia 142190
- ⊥Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), 9 Institutsky Lane, Dolgoprudny, Russia 141700
| | - Pavel B Sorokin
- ∥Technological Institute for Superhard and Novel Carbon Materials, 7a Centralnaya Street, Troitsk, Moscow, Russia 142190
- ⊥Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), 9 Institutsky Lane, Dolgoprudny, Russia 141700
- #Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics RAS, 4 Kosigin Street, Moscow, Russia 119334
| | - Boris I Yakobson
- †Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- §Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - W E Billups
- †Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- ‡The Richard E. Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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44
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45
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Tomchuk OV, Bulavin LA, Aksenov VL, Garamus VM, Ivankov OI, Vul' AY, Dideikin AT, Avdeev MV. Small-angle scattering from polydisperse particles with a diffusive surface. J Appl Crystallogr 2014. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576714001216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Particles with a diffusive surface, characterized by a deviation from the Porod power-law asymptotic behavior in small-angle scattering towards an exponent below −4, are considered with respect to the polydispersity problem. The case of low diffusivity is emphasized, which allows the description of the scattering length density distribution within spherically isotropic particles in terms of a continuous profile. This significantly simplifies the analysis of the particle-size distribution function, as well as the change in the scattering invariants under contrast variation. The effect of the solvent scattering contribution on the apparent exponent value in power-law-type scattering and related restrictions in the analysis of the scattering curves are discussed. The principal features and possibilities of the developed approach are illustrated in the treatment of experimental small-angle neutron scattering data from liquid dispersions of detonation nanodiamond. The obtained scattering length density profile of the particles fits well with a transition of the diamond states of carbon inside the crystallites to graphite-like states at the surface, and it is possible to combine the diffusive properties of the surface with the experimental shift of the mean scattering length density of the particles compared with that of pure diamond. The moments of the particle-size distribution are derived and analyzed in terms of the lognormal approximation.
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46
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Barnard AS, Ōsawa E. The impact of structural polydispersivity on the surface electrostatic potential of nanodiamond. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:1188-1194. [PMID: 24302124 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr05344j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of the multipolar surface electrostatic potential on faceted diamond nanoparticles explained numerous observations over the past decades, but also raised questions as to how it could be reconciled with seemingly contradictory observations of micron sized diamond and bulk diamond surfaces. It was also unclear how surface electrostatic potential would vary for more quasi-spherical shapes, and derivatives of the ideal truncated octahedron. Here we present new results examining the size-dependence of the multi-polar surface electrostatic potential up to experimentally relevant sizes, and explore the impact of {110} facets which have been shown to present in reasonable quantities (experimentally). We have used computational methods that are consistent with previous work to allow for a direct comparison, and show that both particle size and the fraction of {110} facets on nanodiamond play a critical role in the surface charge. When the particle size is below ~2.5 nm multipoles are likely to dominate, but over ~3.0 nm the {110} facets efficiently neutralize the charges leading to a practically monopolar distribution, consistent with observations at other length scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda S Barnard
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, 343 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.
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47
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Vlasov II, Shiryaev AA, Rendler T, Steinert S, Lee SY, Antonov D, Vörös M, Jelezko F, Fisenko AV, Semjonova LF, Biskupek J, Kaiser U, Lebedev OI, Sildos I, Hemmer PR, Konov VI, Gali A, Wrachtrup J. Molecular-sized fluorescent nanodiamonds. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 9:54-8. [PMID: 24317283 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2013.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Doping of carbon nanoparticles with impurity atoms is central to their application. However, doping has proven elusive for very small carbon nanoparticles because of their limited availability and a lack of fundamental understanding of impurity stability in such nanostructures. Here, we show that isolated diamond nanoparticles as small as 1.6 nm, comprising only ∼400 carbon atoms, are capable of housing stable photoluminescent colour centres, namely the silicon vacancy (SiV). Surprisingly, fluorescence from SiVs is stable over time, and few or only single colour centres are found per nanocrystal. We also observe size-dependent SiV emission supported by quantum-chemical simulation of SiV energy levels in small nanodiamonds. Our work opens the way to investigating the physics and chemistry of molecular-sized cubic carbon clusters and promises the application of ultrasmall non-perturbative fluorescent nanoparticles as markers in microscopy and sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor I Vlasov
- General Physics Institute RAS, Vavilov Street 38, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey A Shiryaev
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry RAS, Leninsky pr. 31, 119071, Moscow, Russia
| | - Torsten Rendler
- 3rd Physical Institute and Research Center SCOPE, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Steffen Steinert
- 3rd Physical Institute and Research Center SCOPE, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sang-Yun Lee
- 3rd Physical Institute and Research Center SCOPE, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Denis Antonov
- 3rd Physical Institute and Research Center SCOPE, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Márton Vörös
- Department of Atomic Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Budafoki út 8, H-1111, Hungary
| | - Fedor Jelezko
- Institute for Quantum Optics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Anatolii V Fisenko
- Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry RAS, Kosygin Street 19, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lubov F Semjonova
- Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry RAS, Kosygin Street 19, Moscow, Russia
| | - Johannes Biskupek
- Central Facility of Electron Microscopy, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ute Kaiser
- Central Facility of Electron Microscopy, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Oleg I Lebedev
- Laboratoire CRISMAT, UMR 6508 CNRS ENSICAEN, 6 boulevard Marechal Juin, 14050 Caen, France
| | - Ilmo Sildos
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Riia Street 142, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Philip R Hemmer
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 3128 Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3128, USA
| | - Vitaly I Konov
- General Physics Institute RAS, Vavilov Street 38, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Adam Gali
- 1] Department of Atomic Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Budafoki út 8, H-1111, Hungary [2] Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, PO Box 49, 1525 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jörg Wrachtrup
- 3rd Physical Institute and Research Center SCOPE, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
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48
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Papagiannouli I, Bourlinos AB, Bakandritsos A, Couris S. Nonlinear optical properties of colloidal carbon nanoparticles: nanodiamonds and carbon dots. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra04714a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanodiamonds (NDs) and carbon-dots (CDs) suspensions exhibit significant NLO response under both ps and ns laser excitation. NDs exhibit important optical limiting action under nanosecond visible (532 nm) and infrared (1064 nm) laser excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Papagiannouli
- Department of Physics
- University of Patras
- Patras, Greece
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT)
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)
| | | | | | - Stelios Couris
- Department of Physics
- University of Patras
- Patras, Greece
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT)
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)
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49
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Avdeev MV, Aksenov VL, Tomchuk OV, Bulavin LA, Garamus VM, Osawa E. The spatial diamond-graphite transition in detonation nanodiamond as revealed by small-angle neutron scattering. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2013; 25:445001. [PMID: 24055978 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/25/44/445001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A spatial transition of the carbon state in detonation nanodiamond (DND) from crystalline diamond inside the particle to a graphite-like state at the DND surface is proposed on the basis of small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) analysis. The SANS contrast variation from concentrated (5 wt%) dispersions of DND in liquids (water, dimethylsulfoxide) reveals a shift in the mean scattering length density of DND as compared to pure diamond, which is related to the presence of a non-diamond component in the DND structure. At the same time, the diffusive character of the particle surface is deduced based on the deviation from the Porod law. The two observations are combined to conclude that the continuous radial density profile over the whole particle volume conforms to a simple power law. The profile naturally suggests that non-diamond states are concentrated mainly close to the particle surface; still there is no sharp boundary between the radial distributions of the two states of carbon in DND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail V Avdeev
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (FLNP JINR), Joliot-Curie 6, 141980 Dubna, Russia
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50
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Pawlak R, Glatzel T, Pichot V, Schmidlin L, Kawai S, Fremy S, Spitzer D, Meyer E. Local detection of nitrogen-vacancy centers in a nanodiamond monolayer. NANO LETTERS 2013; 13:5803-5807. [PMID: 24144018 DOI: 10.1021/nl402243s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-vacancy defect centers (NV) contained in nanodiamonds (NDs) are a promising candidate in quantum information processing and single photon sources due to the capability of controlling their assembly on various surfaces. However, their detection with traditional optical techniques becomes challenging when probing high NV densities at the nanometer scale. Here, we combine scanning probe techniques to characterize in a monolayer the structural and electronic properties of bucky-diamonds with sizes below 10 nm. We further observe by light-assisted Kelvin- and scanning tunneling spectroscopy a clear signature of negatively charged subsurface NV centers in NDs at the nanoscale where conventional techniques are limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémy Pawlak
- Department of Physics, University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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