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Xia L, Li M, Chen Y, Dai Y, Li H, Zhang S. Sexually dimorphic acetyl-CoA biosynthesis and utilization in response to drought and exogenous acetic acid. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38944754 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Female willows exhibit greater drought tolerance and benefit more from exogenous acetic acid (AA)-improved drought tolerance than males. However, the potential mechanisms driving these sex-specific responses remain unclear. To comprehensively investigate the sexually dimorphic responsive mechanisms of willows to drought and exogenous AA, here, we performed physiological, proteomic, Lys-acetylproteomic, and transgenic analyses in female and male Salix myrtillacea exposed to drought and AA-applicated drought treatments, focusing on protein abundance and lysine acetylation (LysAc) changes. Drought-tolerant females suffered less drought-induced photosynthetic and oxidative damage, did not activate AA and acetyl-CoA biosynthesis, TCA cycle, fatty acid metabolism, and jasmonic acid signaling as strongly as drought-sensitive males. Exogenous AA caused overaccumulation of endogenous AA and inhibition of acetyl-CoA biosynthesis and utilization in males. However, exogenous AA greatly enhanced acetyl-CoA biosynthesis and utilization and further enhanced drought performance of females, possibly determining that AA improved drought tolerance more in females than in males. Interestingly, overexpression of acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACS) could reprogram fatty acids, increase LysAc levels, and improve drought tolerance, highlighting the involvement of ACS-derived acetyl-CoA in drought responses. In addition, drought and exogenous AA induced sexually dimorphic LysAc associated with histones, transcription factors, and metabolic enzymes in willows. Especially, exogenous AA may greatly improve the photosynthetic capacity of S. myrtillacea males by decreasing LysAc levels and increasing the abundances of photosynthetic proteins. While hyperacetylation in glycolysis, TCA cycle, and fatty acid biosynthesis potentially possibly serve as negative feedback to acclimate acetyl-CoA biosynthesis and utilization in drought-stressed males and AA-applicated females. Thus, acetyl-CoA biosynthesis and utilization determine the sexually dimorphic responses of S. myrtillacea to drought and exogenous AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linchao Xia
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Menghan Li
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yujie Dai
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Huanhuan Li
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
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2
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Chen J, Hu Y, Zhao T, Huang C, Chen J, He L, Dai F, Chen S, Wang L, Jin S, Zhang T. Comparative transcriptomic analysis provides insights into the genetic networks regulating oil differential production in oil crops. BMC Biol 2024; 22:110. [PMID: 38735918 PMCID: PMC11089805 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01909-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants differ more than threefold in seed oil contents (SOCs). Soybean (Glycine max), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), rapeseed (Brassica napus), and sesame (Sesamum indicum) are four important oil crops with markedly different SOCs and fatty acid compositions. RESULTS Compared to grain crops like maize and rice, expanded acyl-lipid metabolism genes and relatively higher expression levels of genes involved in seed oil synthesis (SOS) in the oil crops contributed to the oil accumulation in seeds. Here, we conducted comparative transcriptomics on oil crops with two different SOC materials. In common, DIHYDROLIPOAMIDE DEHYDROGENASE, STEAROYL-ACYL CARRIER PROTEIN DESATURASE, PHOSPHOLIPID:DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE, and oil-body protein genes were both differentially expressed between the high- and low-oil materials of each crop. By comparing functional components of SOS networks, we found that the strong correlations between genes in "glycolysis/gluconeogenesis" and "fatty acid synthesis" were conserved in both grain and oil crops, with PYRUVATE KINASE being the common factor affecting starch and lipid accumulation. Network alignment also found a conserved clique among oil crops affecting seed oil accumulation, which has been validated in Arabidopsis. Differently, secondary and protein metabolism affected oil synthesis to different degrees in different crops, and high SOC was due to less competition of the same precursors. The comparison of Arabidopsis mutants and wild type showed that CINNAMYL ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE 9, the conserved regulator we identified, was a factor resulting in different relative contents of lignins to oil in seeds. The interconnection of lipids and proteins was common but in different ways among crops, which partly led to differential oil production. CONCLUSIONS This study goes beyond the observations made in studies of individual species to provide new insights into which genes and networks may be fundamental to seed oil accumulation from a multispecies perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwen Chen
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, Zhejiang, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chujun Huang
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiani Chen
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu He
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
| | - Fan Dai
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuqi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China
| | - Shangkun Jin
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tianzhen Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, Zhejiang, China.
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China.
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3
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Cocuron JC, Alonso AP. 13C-labeling reveals non-conventional pathways providing carbon for hydroxy fatty acid synthesis in Physaria fendleri. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:1754-1766. [PMID: 37668184 PMCID: PMC11275461 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Physaria fendleri is a member of the Brassicaceae that produces in its embryos hydroxy fatty acids, constituents of oils that are very valuable and widely used by industry for cosmetics, lubricants, biofuels, etc. Free of toxins and rich in hydroxy fatty acids, Physaria provides a promising alternative to imported castor oil and is on the verge of being commercialized. This study aims to identify important biochemical step(s) for oil synthesis in Physaria, which may serve as target(s) for future crop improvement. To advance towards this goal, the endosperm composition was analysed by LC-MS/MS to develop and validate culture conditions that mimic the development of the embryos in planta. Using developing Physaria embryos in culture and 13C-labeling, our studies revealed that: (i) Physaria embryos metabolize carbon into biomass with an efficiency significantly lower than other photosynthetic embryos; (ii) the plastidic malic enzyme provides 42% of the pyruvate used for de novo fatty acid synthesis, which is the highest measured so far in developing 'green' oilseed embryos; and (iii) Physaria uses non-conventional pathways to channel carbon into oil, namely the Rubisco shunt, which fixes CO2 released in the plastid, and the reversibility of isocitrate dehydrogenase, which provides additional carbon for fatty acid elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Paula Alonso
- BioAnalytical Facility, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
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Abdullah HM, Pang N, Chilcoat B, Shachar-Hill Y, Schnell DJ, Dhankher OP. Overexpression of the Phosphatidylcholine:DiacylglycerolCholinephosphotransferase (PDCT) gene increases carbon flux toward triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis in Camelinasativa seeds. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 208:108470. [PMID: 38422576 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Camelinasativa has considerable promise as a dedicated industrial oilseed crop. Its oil-based blends have been tested and approved as liquid transportation fuels. Previously, we utilized metabolomic and transcriptomic profiling approaches and identified metabolic bottlenecks that control oil production and accumulation in seeds. Accordingly, we selected candidate genes for the metabolic engineering of Camelina. Here we targeted the overexpression of Camelina PDCT gene, which encodes the phosphatidylcholine: diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase enzyme. PDCT is proposed as a gatekeeper responsible for the interconversions of diacylglycerol (DAG) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) pools and has the potential to increase the levels of TAG in seeds. To confirm whether increased CsPDCT activity in developing Camelina seeds would enhance carbon flux toward increased levels of TAG and alter oil composition, we overexpressed the CsPDCT gene under the control of the seed-specific phaseolin promoter. Camelina transgenics exhibited significant increases in seed yield (19-56%), seed oil content (9-13%), oil yields per plant (32-76%), and altered polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content compared to their parental wild-type (WT) plants. Results from [14C] acetate labeling of Camelina developing embryos expressing CsPDCT in culture indicated increased rates of radiolabeled fatty acid incorporation into glycerolipids (up to 64%, 59%, and 43% higher in TAG, DAG, and PC, respectively), relative to WT embryos. We conclude that overexpression of PDCT appears to be a positive strategy to achieve a synergistic effect on the flux through the TAG synthesis pathway, thereby further increasing oil yields in Camelina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham M Abdullah
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, 01003, USA; Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA; Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11651, Egypt.
| | - Na Pang
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Benjamin Chilcoat
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Yair Shachar-Hill
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Danny J Schnell
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Om Parkash Dhankher
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
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5
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Liu Y, Chen X, Wei D, Xing X. Breeding a novel chlorophyll-deficient mutant of Auxenochlorella pyrenoidosa for high-quality protein production by atmospheric room temperature plasma mutagenesis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 390:129907. [PMID: 37866765 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, a novel chlorophyll-deficient mutant of Auxenochlorella pyrenoidosa named A4-1 was generated by atmospheric room temperature plasma (ARTP) mutagenesis. Compared to the green wild type (WT) strain, the A4-1 mutant cultured in the dark displayed yellow colour with a 118-fold decrease of chlorophyll a and no detected chlorophyll b. Higher contents of protein (44.22 % DW), total amino acids (AAs, 34.84 % DW) and essential AAs (17.50 % DW) were also achieved, showing 31 %, 22 % and 30 % increases compared to the WT, respectively (p < 0.05). Metabolite profile analysis revealed that the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway in the A4-1 mutant was probably inhibited in the dark, while more carbon skeletons might be utilized for de novo AAs synthesis. These results demonstrated that the A4-1 mutant not only has extremely low chlorophyll content, but also has higher protein content, making it a very promising candidate to produce microalgal protein for future foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Vegetable Protein Processing Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Vegetable Protein Processing Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Dong Wei
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Vegetable Protein Processing Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510641, China.
| | - Xinhui Xing
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
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6
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Daloso DDM, Morais EG, Oliveira E Silva KF, Williams TCR. Cell-type-specific metabolism in plants. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 114:1093-1114. [PMID: 36987968 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Every plant organ contains tens of different cell types, each with a specialized function. These functions are intrinsically associated with specific metabolic flux distributions that permit the synthesis of the ATP, reducing equivalents and biosynthetic precursors demanded by the cell. Investigating such cell-type-specific metabolism is complicated by the mosaic of different cells within each tissue combined with the relative scarcity of certain types. However, techniques for the isolation of specific cells, their analysis in situ by microscopy, or modeling of their function in silico have permitted insight into cell-type-specific metabolism. In this review we present some of the methods used in the analysis of cell-type-specific metabolism before describing what we know about metabolism in several cell types that have been studied in depth; (i) leaf source and sink cells; (ii) glandular trichomes that are capable of rapid synthesis of specialized metabolites; (iii) guard cells that must accumulate large quantities of the osmolytes needed for stomatal opening; (iv) cells of seeds involved in storage of reserves; and (v) the mesophyll and bundle sheath cells of C4 plants that participate in a CO2 concentrating cycle. Metabolism is discussed in terms of its principal features, connection to cell function and what factors affect the flux distribution. Demand for precursors and energy, availability of substrates and suppression of deleterious processes are identified as key factors in shaping cell-type-specific metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo de Menezes Daloso
- Lab Plant, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CA, 60451-970, Brazil
| | - Eva Gomes Morais
- Lab Plant, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CA, 60451-970, Brazil
| | - Karen Fernanda Oliveira E Silva
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Asa Norte, Brasília-DF, 70910-900, Brazil
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7
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Liu S, Liu Z, Hou X, Li X. Genetic mapping and functional genomics of soybean seed protein. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2023; 43:29. [PMID: 37313523 PMCID: PMC10248706 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-023-01373-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Soybean is an utterly important crop for high-quality meal protein and vegetative oil. Soybean seed protein content has become a key factor in nutrients for livestock feed as well as human dietary consumption. Genetic improvement of soybean seed protein is highly desired to meet the demands of rapidly growing world population. Molecular mapping and genomic analysis in soybean have identified many quantitative trait loci (QTL) underlying seed protein content control. Exploring the mechanisms of seed storage protein regulation will be helpful to achieve the improvement of protein content. However, the practice of breeding higher protein soybean is challenging because soybean seed protein is negatively correlated with seed oil content and yield. To overcome the limitation of such inverse relationship, deeper insights into the property and genetic control of seed protein are required. Recent advances of soybean genomics have strongly enhanced the understandings for molecular mechanisms of soybean with better seed quality. Here, we review the research progress in the genetic characteristics of soybean storage protein, and up-to-date advances of molecular mappings and genomics of soybean protein. The key factors underlying the mechanisms of the negative correlation between protein and oil in soybean seeds are elaborated. We also briefly discuss the future prospects of breaking the bottleneck of the negative correlation to develop high protein soybean without penalty of oil and yield. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-023-01373-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Zhaojun Liu
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086 China
| | - Xingliang Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650 China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572025 China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650 China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572025 China
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8
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Sagun JV, Yadav UP, Alonso AP. Progress in understanding and improving oil content and quality in seeds. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1116894. [PMID: 36778708 PMCID: PMC9909563 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1116894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The world's population is projected to increase by two billion by 2050, resulting in food and energy insecurity. Oilseed crops have been identified as key to address these challenges: they produce and store lipids in the seeds as triacylglycerols that can serve as a source of food/feed, renewable fuels, and other industrially-relevant chemicals. Therefore, improving seed oil content and composition has generated immense interest. Research efforts aiming to unravel the regulatory pathways involved in fatty acid synthesis and to identify targets for metabolic engineering have made tremendous progress. This review provides a summary of the current knowledge of oil metabolism and discusses how photochemical activity and unconventional pathways can contribute to high carbon conversion efficiency in seeds. It also highlights the importance of 13C-metabolic flux analysis as a tool to gain insights on the pathways that regulate oil biosynthesis in seeds. Finally, a list of key genes and regulators that have been recently targeted to enhance seed oil production are reviewed and additional possible targets in the metabolic pathways are proposed to achieve desirable oil content and quality.
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9
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Wen X, Li W, Li W, Chen W, Zhang Z, Wu D, Yang Y. Quality characteristics and non-volatile taste formation mechanism of Lentinula edodes during hot air drying. Food Chem 2022; 393:133378. [PMID: 35667179 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the changes of non-volatile taste substances and the formation mechanism of taste quality of Lentinula edodes during hot air drying at 50 °C were studied. The results showed that with the increase of drying time, the moisture content gradually decreased, volume shrinkage, color deepening, chewiness and viscosity first increased and then decreased. After drying for 8 h, when the moisture content reached 28.68%, the appearance, taste and the overall quality of L.edodes were better. After 12 h drying, the content of free amino acids and organic acids increased significantly, while the content of 5'-nucleotide and soluble sugar decreased significantly, and the EUC value was higher. Succinic acid has the highest TAV value, which contributes the most to the taste of dried L.edodes products. Comprehensive quality analysis of drying process and the guidance for rehydration of dried L.edodes were also predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmeng Wen
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, the People's Republic of China, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai 201403, China; Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Wen Li
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, the People's Republic of China, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai 201403, China.
| | - Wu Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Wanchao Chen
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, the People's Republic of China, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, the People's Republic of China, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Di Wu
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, the People's Republic of China, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, the People's Republic of China, 1000 Jinqi Road, Shanghai 201403, China.
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10
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Zhou Z, Lin B, Tan J, Hao P, Hua S, Deng Z. Tandem Mass Tag-Based Quantitative Proteomics Reveals Implication of a Late Embryogenesis Abundant Protein (BnLEA57) in Seed Oil Accumulation in Brassica napus L. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:907244. [PMID: 35720596 PMCID: PMC9201403 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.907244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing oil content is one of the major goals in Brassica napus breeding; however, genetic regulation of seed oil content in plants is complex and not fully elucidated. In this study, we report proteins that were differentially accumulated in immature seeds of 35 days after anthesis between two recombinant inbred lines with contrasting seed oil content, high oil content line (HOCL) and low oil content line (LOCL) using a multiplex isobaric tandem mass tags (TMT)-based quantitative proteomic approach. Over 4,600 proteins were quantified in seeds of the two lines, and 342 proteins showed differential accumulation between seeds of HOCL and LOCL. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis revealed that the differentially accumulated proteins were enriched in proteins involved in lipid biosynthesis and metabolism, photosynthesis, and nutrient reservoir activity. Western blot confirmed the increased abundance of a late embryogenesis abundant protein (BnLEA57) in HOCL seeds compared with LOCL seeds, and overexpression of either BnLEA57 gene or its homology BnLEA55 in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana enhanced oil content in Arabidopsis seeds. Our work provides new insights into the molecular regulatory mechanism of seed oil content in B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Baogang Lin
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Digital Dry Land Crops, Institute of Crops and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinjuan Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Hao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Digital Dry Land Crops, Institute of Crops and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuijin Hua
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Digital Dry Land Crops, Institute of Crops and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiping Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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11
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Liu N, Liu J, Fan S, Liu H, Zhou XR, Hua W, Zheng M. An integrated omics analysis reveals the gene expression profiles of maize, castor bean, and rapeseed for seed oil biosynthesis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:153. [PMID: 35350998 PMCID: PMC8966334 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03495-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seed storage lipids are valuable for human diet and for the sustainable development of mankind. In recent decades, many lipid metabolism genes and pathways have been identified, but the molecular mechanisms that underlie differences in seed oil biosynthesis in species with developed embryo and endosperm are not fully understood. RESULTS We performed comparative genome and transcriptome analyses of castor bean and rapeseed, which have high seed oil contents, and maize, which has a low seed oil content. These results revealed the molecular underpinnings of the low seed oil content in maize. First of all, transcriptome analyses showed that more than 61% of the lipid- and carbohydrate-related genes were regulated in castor bean and rapeseed, but only 20.1% of the lipid-related genes and 22.5% of the carbohydrate-related genes were regulated in maize. Then, compared to castor bean and rapeseed, fewer lipid biosynthesis genes but more lipid metabolism genes were regulated in the maize embryo. More importantly, most maize genes encoding lipid-related transcription factors, triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthetic enzymes, pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and Calvin Cycle proteins were not regulated during seed oil synthesis, despite the presence of many homologs in the maize genome. Additionally, we observed differential regulation of vital oil biosynthetic enzymes and extremely high expression levels of oil biosynthetic genes in castor bean, which were consistent with the rapid accumulation of oil in castor bean developing seeds. CONCLUSIONS Compared to high-oil seeds (castor bean and rapeseed), less oil biosynthetic genes were regulated during the seed development in low-oil seed (maize). These results shed light on molecular mechanisms of lipid biosynthesis in maize, castor bean, and rapeseed. They can provide information on key target genes that may be useful for future experimental manipulation of oil production in oil plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Liu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Shihang Fan
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongfang Liu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Wei Hua
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China.
| | - Ming Zheng
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China.
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12
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Kambhampati S, Aznar-Moreno JA, Bailey SR, Arp JJ, Chu KL, Bilyeu KD, Durrett TP, Allen DK. Temporal changes in metabolism late in seed development affect biomass composition. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:874-890. [PMID: 33693938 PMCID: PMC8195533 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The negative association between protein and oil production in soybean (Glycine max) seed is well-documented. However, this inverse relationship is based primarily on the composition of mature seed, which reflects the cumulative result of events over the course of soybean seed development and therefore does not convey information specific to metabolic fluctuations during developmental growth regimes. In this study, we assessed maternal nutrient supply via measurement of seed coat exudates and metabolite levels within the cotyledon throughout development to identify trends in the accumulation of central carbon and nitrogen metabolic intermediates. Active metabolic activity during late seed development was probed through transient labeling with 13C substrates. The results indicated: (1) a drop in lipid contents during seed maturation with a concomitant increase in carbohydrates, (2) a transition from seed filling to maturation phases characterized by quantitatively balanced changes in carbon use and CO2 release, (3) changes in measured carbon and nitrogen resources supplied maternally throughout development, (4) 13C metabolite production through gluconeogenic steps for sustained carbohydrate accumulation as the maternal nutrient supply diminishes, and (5) oligosaccharide biosynthesis within the seed coat during the maturation phase. These results highlight temporal engineering targets for altering final biomass composition to increase the value of soybeans and a path to breaking the inverse correlation between seed protein and oil content.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jose A Aznar-Moreno
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Sally R Bailey
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, St. Louis, Missouri 63132, USA
| | - Jennifer J Arp
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132, USA
| | - Kevin L Chu
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132, USA
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, St. Louis, Missouri 63132, USA
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - Kristin D Bilyeu
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Timothy P Durrett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Doug K Allen
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132, USA
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, St. Louis, Missouri 63132, USA
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13
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Liu J, Zhu XY, Deng LB, Liu HF, Li J, Zhou XR, Wang HZ, Hua W. Nitric oxide affects seed oil accumulation and fatty acid composition through protein S-nitrosation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:385-397. [PMID: 33045083 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a key signaling molecule regulating several plant developmental and stress responses. Here, we report that NO plays an important role in seed oil content and fatty acid composition. RNAi silencing of Arabidopsis S-nitrosoglutathione reductase 1 (GSNOR1) led to reduced seed oil content. In contrast, nitrate reductase double mutant nia1nia2 had increased seed oil content, compared with wild-type plants. Moreover, the concentrations of palmitic acid (C16:0), linoleic acid (C18:2), and linolenic acid (C18:3) were higher, whereas those of stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1), and arachidonic acid (C20:1) were lower, in seeds of GSNOR1 RNAi lines. Similar results were obtained with rapeseed embryos cultured in vitro with the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP), and the NO inhibitor NG-Nitro-L-arginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME). Compared with non-treated embryos, the oil content decreased in SNP-treated embryos, and increased in L-NAME-treated embryos. Relative concentrations of C16:0, C18:2 and C18:3 were higher, whereas C18:1 concentration decreased in rapeseed embryos treated with SNP. Proteomics and transcriptome analysis revealed that three S-nitrosated proteins and some key genes involved in oil synthesis, were differentially regulated in SNP-treated embryos. Therefore, regulating NO content could be a novel approach to increasing seed oil content in cultivated oil crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yi Zhu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Bin Deng
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Fang Liu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Jun Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Rong Zhou
- Agriculture and Food Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Han-Zhong Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Wei Hua
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, P.R. China
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14
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Geng W, Li Z, Hassan MJ, Peng Y. Chitosan regulates metabolic balance, polyamine accumulation, and Na + transport contributing to salt tolerance in creeping bentgrass. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:506. [PMID: 33148164 PMCID: PMC7640404 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02720-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chitosan (CTS), a natural polysaccharide, exhibits multiple functions of stress adaptation regulation in plants. However, effects and mechanism of CTS on alleviating salt stress damage are still not fully understood. Objectives of this study were to investigate the function of CTS on improving salt tolerance associated with metabolic balance, polyamine (PAs) accumulation, and Na+ transport in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera). RESULTS CTS pretreatment significantly alleviated declines in relative water content, photosynthesis, photochemical efficiency, and water use efficiency in leaves under salt stress. Exogenous CTS increased endogenous PAs accumulation, antioxidant enzyme (SOD, POD, and CAT) activities, and sucrose accumulation and metabolism through the activation of sucrose synthase and pyruvate kinase activities, and inhibition of invertase activity. The CTS also improved total amino acids, glutamic acid, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) accumulation. In addition, CTS-pretreated plants exhibited significantly higher Na+ content in roots and lower Na+ accumulation in leaves then untreated plants in response to salt stress. However, CTS had no significant effects on K+/Na+ ratio. Importantly, CTS enhanced salt overly sensitive (SOS) pathways and also up-regulated the expression of AsHKT1 and genes (AsNHX4, AsNHX5, and AsNHX6) encoding Na+/H+ exchangers under salt stress. CONCLUSIONS The application of CTS increased antioxidant enzyme activities, thereby reducing oxidative damage to roots and leaves. CTS-induced increases in sucrose and GABA accumulation and metabolism played important roles in osmotic adjustment and energy metabolism during salt stress. The CTS also enhanced SOS pathway associated with Na+ excretion from cytosol into rhizosphere, increased AsHKT1 expression inhibiting Na+ transport to the photosynthetic tissues, and also up-regulated the expression of AsNHX4, AsNHX5, and AsNHX6 promoting the capacity of Na+ compartmentalization in roots and leaves under salt stress. In addition, CTS-induced PAs accumulation could be an important regulatory mechanism contributing to enhanced salt tolerance. These findings reveal new functions of CTS on regulating Na+ transport, enhancing sugars and amino acids metabolism for osmotic adjustment and energy supply, and increasing PAs accumulation when creeping bentgrass responds to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Geng
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhou Li
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Muhammad Jawad Hassan
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yan Peng
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
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15
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Correa SM, Alseekh S, Atehortúa L, Brotman Y, Ríos-Estepa R, Fernie AR, Nikoloski Z. Model-assisted identification of metabolic engineering strategies for Jatropha curcas lipid pathways. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:76-95. [PMID: 33001507 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Efficient approaches to increase plant lipid production are necessary to meet current industrial demands for this important resource. While Jatropha curcas cell culture can be used for in vitro lipid production, scaling up the system for industrial applications requires an understanding of how growth conditions affect lipid metabolism and yield. Here we present a bottom-up metabolic reconstruction of J. curcas supported with labeling experiments and biomass characterization under three growth conditions. We show that the metabolic model can accurately predict growth and distribution of fluxes in cell cultures and use these findings to pinpoint energy expenditures that affect lipid biosynthesis and metabolism. In addition, by using constraint-based modeling approaches we identify network reactions whose joint manipulation optimizes lipid production. The proposed model and computational analyses provide a stepping stone for future rational optimization of other agronomically relevant traits in J. curcas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M Correa
- Genetics of Metabolic Traits Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
- Grupo de Biotecnología, Departamento de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, 050010, Colombia
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Central Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
- Centre for Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Lucía Atehortúa
- Grupo de Biotecnología, Departamento de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, 050010, Colombia
| | - Yariv Brotman
- Genetics of Metabolic Traits Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Rigoberto Ríos-Estepa
- Grupo de Bioprocesos, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, 050010, Colombia
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Central Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
- Centre for Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Zoran Nikoloski
- Centre for Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, 4000, Bulgaria
- Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
- Systems Biology and Mathematical Modelling Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
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16
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Correa SM, Fernie AR, Nikoloski Z, Brotman Y. Towards model-driven characterization and manipulation of plant lipid metabolism. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 80:101051. [PMID: 32640289 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant lipids have versatile applications and provide essential fatty acids in human diet. Therefore, there has been a growing interest to better characterize the genetic basis, regulatory networks, and metabolic pathways that shape lipid quantity and composition. Addressing these issues is challenging due to context-specificity of lipid metabolism integrating environmental, developmental, and tissue-specific cues. Here we systematically review the known metabolic pathways and regulatory interactions that modulate the levels of storage lipids in oilseeds. We argue that the current understanding of lipid metabolism provides the basis for its study in the context of genome-wide plant metabolic networks with the help of approaches from constraint-based modeling and metabolic flux analysis. The focus is on providing a comprehensive summary of the state-of-the-art of modeling plant lipid metabolic pathways, which we then contrast with the existing modeling efforts in yeast and microalgae. We then point out the gaps in knowledge of lipid metabolism, and enumerate the recent advances of using genome-wide association and quantitative trait loci mapping studies to unravel the genetic regulations of lipid metabolism. Finally, we offer a perspective on how advances in the constraint-based modeling framework can propel further characterization of plant lipid metabolism and its rational manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M Correa
- Genetics of Metabolic Traits Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam 14476, Germany; Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501 Beer-Sheva, Israel; Departamento de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Central Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam 14476, Germany; Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Zoran Nikoloski
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; Systems Biology and Mathematical Modelling Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany.
| | - Yariv Brotman
- Genetics of Metabolic Traits Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam 14476, Germany; Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501 Beer-Sheva, Israel
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17
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Tan H, Qi X, Li Y, Wang X, Zhou J, Liu X, Shi X, Ye W, Xiang X. Light induces gene expression to enhance the synthesis of storage reserves in Brassica napus L. embryos. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:457-471. [PMID: 32274640 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-01003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this manuscript, we disclosed the influence of light on the accumulation of storage reserves in B. napus embryos.1.Light induced the gene expression in the developing embryos of B. napus.2.Light promoted the starch synthesis in chloroplasts of B. napus embryos.3.Light enhanced the metabolic activity of storage reserve synthesis in B. napus embryos. Light influences the accumulation of storage reserves in embryos, but the molecular mechanism was not fully understood. Here, we monitored the effects of light on reserve biosynthesis in Brassica napus by comparing embryos from siliques grown in normal light conditions to those that were shaded or masked (i.e., darkened completely). Masked embryos developed more slowly, weighed less, and contained fewer proteins and lipids than control embryos. They also had fewer and smaller oil bodies than control embryos and lacked chloroplasts, where starch grains are usually synthesized. The levels of most amino acids, carbohydrates, and fatty acids were higher in masked embryos than in control or shaded embryos, whereas the levels of these metabolites in the masked endosperms were lower than those in control and shaded endosperm. Transcriptome analysis indicated that genes involved in photosynthesis (42 genes), amino acid biosynthesis (51 genes), lipid metabolism (61 genes), and sugar transport (13 genes) were significantly repressed in masked embryos. Our results suggest that light contributes to reserve accumulation in embryos by inducing the expression of metabolic genes, thereby enhancing the biosynthesis of storage reserves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helin Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Xiao Qi
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Xingchun Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Jianguo Zhou
- Animal Sciences National Teaching Demonstration Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiuhong Liu
- Animal Sciences National Teaching Demonstration Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaoli Shi
- Animal Sciences National Teaching Demonstration Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wenxue Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaoe Xiang
- Animal Sciences National Teaching Demonstration Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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18
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Tsogtbaatar E, Cocuron JC, Alonso AP. Non-conventional pathways enable pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) embryos to achieve high efficiency of oil biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:3037-3051. [PMID: 32006014 PMCID: PMC7260723 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) accumulates oil up to 35% of the total seed biomass, and its overall fatty acid composition is suitable for aviation fuel. However, for this plant to become economically viable, its oil production needs to be improved. In vivo culture conditions that resemble the development of pennycress embryos in planta were developed based on the composition of the liquid endosperm. Then, substrate uptake rates and biomass accumulation were measured from cultured pennycress embryos, revealing a biosynthetic efficiency of 93%, which is one of the highest in comparison with other oilseeds to date. Additionally, the ratio of carbon in oil to CO2 indicated that non-conventional pathways are likely to be responsible for such a high carbon conversion efficiency. To identify the reactions enabling this phenomenon, parallel labeling experiments with 13C-labeled substrates were conducted in pennycress embryos. The main findings of these labeling experiments include: (i) the occurrence of the oxidative reactions of the pentose phosphate pathway in the cytosol; (ii) the reversibility of isocitrate dehydrogenase; (iii) the operation of the plastidic NADP-dependent malic enzyme; and (iv) the refixation of CO2 by Rubisco. These reactions are key providers of carbon and reductant for fatty acid synthesis and elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ana Paula Alonso
- BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
- Correspondence:
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19
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Sinha A, Haider T, Narula K, Ghosh S, Chakraborty N, Chakraborty S. Integrated Seed Proteome and Phosphoproteome Analyses Reveal Interplay of Nutrient Dynamics, Carbon–Nitrogen Partitioning, and Oxidative Signaling in Chickpea. Proteomics 2020; 20:e1900267. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201900267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arunima Sinha
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research Aruna Asaf Ali Marg New Delhi 110067 India
| | - Toshiba Haider
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research Aruna Asaf Ali Marg New Delhi 110067 India
| | - Kanika Narula
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research Aruna Asaf Ali Marg New Delhi 110067 India
| | - Sudip Ghosh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research Aruna Asaf Ali Marg New Delhi 110067 India
| | - Niranjan Chakraborty
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research Aruna Asaf Ali Marg New Delhi 110067 India
| | - Subhra Chakraborty
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research Aruna Asaf Ali Marg New Delhi 110067 India
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20
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Fu X, Yang H, Pangestu F, Nikolau BJ. Failure to Maintain Acetate Homeostasis by Acetate-Activating Enzymes Impacts Plant Development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 182:1256-1271. [PMID: 31874860 PMCID: PMC7054878 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.01162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic intermediate acetyl-CoA links anabolic and catabolic processes and coordinates metabolism with cellular signaling by influencing protein acetylation. In this study we demonstrate that in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), two distinctly localized acetate-activating enzymes, ACETYL-COA SYNTHETASE (ACS) in plastids and ACETATE NON-UTILIZING1 (ACN1) in peroxisomes, function redundantly to prevent the accumulation of excess acetate. In contrast to the near wild-type morphological and metabolic phenotypes of acs or acn1 mutants, the acs acn1 double mutant is delayed in growth and sterile, which is associated with hyperaccumulation of cellular acetate and decreased accumulation of acetyl-CoA-derived intermediates of central metabolism. Using multiple mutant stocks and stable isotope-assisted metabolic analyses, we demonstrate the twin metabolic origins of acetate from the oxidation of ethanol and the nonoxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate, with acetaldehyde being the common intermediate precursor of acetate. Conversion from pyruvate to acetate is activated under hypoxic conditions, and ACS recovers carbon that would otherwise be lost from the plant as ethanol. Plastid-localized ACS metabolizes cellular acetate and contributes to the de novo biosynthesis of fatty acids and Leu; peroxisome-localized ACN1 enables the incorporation of acetate into organic acids and amino acids. Thus, the activation of acetate in distinct subcellular compartments provides plants with the metabolic flexibility to maintain physiological levels of acetate and a metabolic mechanism for the recovery of carbon that would otherwise be lost as ethanol, for example following hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Fu
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
- Center for Biorenewable Chemicals (CBiRC), Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
- Center for Metabolic Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Hannah Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Febriana Pangestu
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Basil J Nikolau
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
- Center for Biorenewable Chemicals (CBiRC), Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
- Center for Metabolic Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
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21
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Carey LM, Clark TJ, Deshpande RR, Cocuron JC, Rustad EK, Shachar-Hill Y. High Flux Through the Oxidative Pentose Phosphate Pathway Lowers Efficiency in Developing Camelina Seeds. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 182:493-506. [PMID: 31699846 PMCID: PMC6945844 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Many seeds are green during development, and light has been shown to play a role in the efficiency with which maternally supplied substrates are converted into storage compounds. However, the effects of light on the fluxes through central metabolism that determine this efficiency are poorly understood. Here, we used metabolic flux analysis to determine the effects of light on central metabolism in developing embryos of false flax (Camelina sativa). Metabolic efficiency in C. sativa is of interest because, despite its growing importance as a model oilseed and engineering target and its potential as a biofuel crop, its yields are lower than other major oilseed species. Culture conditions under which steady-state growth and composition of developing embryos match those in planta were used to quantify substrate uptake and respiration rates. The carbon conversion efficiency (CCE) was 21% ± 3% in the dark and 42% ± 4% under high light. Under physiological illumination, the CCE (32% ± 2%) was substantially lower than in green and nongreen oilseeds studied previously. 13C and 14C isotopic labeling experiments were used together with computer-aided modeling to map fluxes through central metabolism. Fluxes through the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP) were the principal source of CO2 production and strongly negatively correlated with CCE across light levels. OPPP fluxes were greatly in excess of demand for NAD(P)H for biosynthesis and larger than those measured in other systems. Excess reductant appears to be dissipated via cyanide-insensitive respiration. OPPP enzymes therefore represent a potential target for increasing efficiency and yield in C. sativa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Carey
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Teresa J Clark
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Rahul R Deshpande
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | | | - Emily K Rustad
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Yair Shachar-Hill
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
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22
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Acket S, Degournay A, Rossez Y, Mottelet S, Villon P, Troncoso-Ponce A, Thomasset B. 13C-Metabolic Flux Analysis in Developing Flax ( Linum usitatissinum L.) Embryos to Understand Storage Lipid Biosynthesis. Metabolites 2019; 10:metabo10010014. [PMID: 31878240 PMCID: PMC7022742 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Flax (Linum usitatissinum L.) oil is an important source of α-linolenic (C18:3 ω-3). This polyunsaturated fatty acid is well known for its nutritional role in human and animal diets. Understanding storage lipid biosynthesis in developing flax embryos can lead to an increase in seed yield via marker-assisted selection. While a tremendous amount of work has been done on different plant species to highlight their metabolism during embryo development, a comprehensive analysis of metabolic flux in flax is still lacking. In this context, we have utilized in vitro cultured developing embryos of flax and determined net fluxes by performing three complementary parallel labeling experiments with 13C-labeled glucose and glutamine. Metabolic fluxes were estimated by computer-aided modeling of the central metabolic network including 11 cofactors of 118 reactions of the central metabolism and 12 pseudo-fluxes. A focus on lipid storage biosynthesis and the associated pathways was done in comparison with rapeseed, arabidopsis, maize and sunflower embryos. In our hands, glucose was determined to be the main source of carbon in flax embryos, leading to the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate. The oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP) was identified as the producer of NADPH for fatty acid biosynthesis. Overall, the use of 13C-metabolic flux analysis provided new insights into the flax embryo metabolic processes involved in storage lipid biosynthesis. The elucidation of the metabolic network of this important crop plant reinforces the relevance of the application of this technique to the analysis of complex plant metabolic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Acket
- Alliance Sorbonne Université, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 60205 Compiègne CEDEX, France; (A.D.); (Y.R.); (A.T.-P.); (B.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Anthony Degournay
- Alliance Sorbonne Université, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 60205 Compiègne CEDEX, France; (A.D.); (Y.R.); (A.T.-P.); (B.T.)
| | - Yannick Rossez
- Alliance Sorbonne Université, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 60205 Compiègne CEDEX, France; (A.D.); (Y.R.); (A.T.-P.); (B.T.)
| | - Stéphane Mottelet
- Alliance Sorbonne Université, EA 4297 TIMR, Transformations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 60205 Compiègne CEDEX, France;
| | - Pierre Villon
- Alliance Sorbonne Université, Laboratoire Roberval, FRE UTC CNRS 2012, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 60205 Compiègne CEDEX, France;
| | - Adrian Troncoso-Ponce
- Alliance Sorbonne Université, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 60205 Compiègne CEDEX, France; (A.D.); (Y.R.); (A.T.-P.); (B.T.)
| | - Brigitte Thomasset
- Alliance Sorbonne Université, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 60205 Compiègne CEDEX, France; (A.D.); (Y.R.); (A.T.-P.); (B.T.)
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Cocuron JC, Koubaa M, Kimmelfield R, Ross Z, Alonso AP. A Combined Metabolomics and Fluxomics Analysis Identifies Steps Limiting Oil Synthesis in Maize Embryos. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 181:961-975. [PMID: 31530627 PMCID: PMC6836839 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing fatty acid synthesis (FAS) in maize (Zea mays) has tremendous potential nutritional and economic benefits due to the rapidly growing demand for vegetable oil. In maize kernels, the endosperm and the embryo are the main sites for synthesis and accumulation of starch and oil, respectively. So far, breeding efforts to achieve elevated oil content in maize have resulted in smaller endosperms and therefore lower yield. Directly changing their carbon metabolism may be the key to increasing oil content in maize kernels without affecting yield. To test this hypothesis, the intracellular metabolite levels were compared in maize embryos from two different maize lines, ALEXHO S K SYNTHETIC (Alex) and LH59, which accumulate 48% and 34% of oil, respectively. Comparative metabolomics highlighted the metabolites and pathways that were active in the embryos and important for oil production. The contribution of each pathway to FAS in terms of carbon, reductant, and energy provision was assessed by measuring the carbon flow through the metabolic network (13C-metabolic flux analysis) in developing Alex embryos to build a map of carbon flow through the central metabolism. This approach combined mathematical modeling with biochemical quantification to identify metabolic bottlenecks in FAS in maize embryos. This study describes a combination of innovative tools that will pave the way for controlling seed composition in important food crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Christophe Cocuron
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203
| | - Mohamed Koubaa
- Laboratoire Transformations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable (Université de Technologie de Compiègne/École Supérieure de Chimie Organique et Minérale, Équipe d'Accueil 4297 Transformations Integrées de la Matière Renouvelable), Centre de Recherche de Royallieu, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, course spéciale 60319, F-60203 Compiègne cedex, France
| | - Rebecca Kimmelfield
- Center for Applied Plant Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Zacchary Ross
- Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dublin, Ohio 43016
| | - Ana Paula Alonso
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203
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Domergue JB, Abadie C, Limami A, Way D, Tcherkez G. Seed quality and carbon primary metabolism. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:2776-2788. [PMID: 31323691 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Improving seed quality is amongst the most important challenges of contemporary agriculture. In fact, using plant varieties with better germination rates that are more tolerant to stress during seedling establishment may improve crop yield considerably. Therefore, intense efforts are currently being devoted to improve seed quality in many species, mostly using genomics tools. However, despite its considerable importance during seed imbibition and germination processes, primary carbon metabolism in seeds is less studied. Our knowledge of the physiology of seed respiration and energy generation and the impact of these processes on seed performance have made limited progress over the past three decades. In particular, (isotope-assisted) metabolomics of seeds has only been assessed occasionally, and there is limited information on possible quantitative relationships between metabolic fluxes and seed quality. Here, we review the recent literature and provide an overview of potential links between metabolic efficiency, metabolic biomarkers, and seed quality and discuss implications for future research, including a climate change context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Domergue
- IRHS Institut de Recherche en Horticultures et Séances, UMR 1345, INRA, Agrocampus-Ouest, Université d'Angers SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, 49070, France
| | - Cyril Abadie
- IRHS Institut de Recherche en Horticultures et Séances, UMR 1345, INRA, Agrocampus-Ouest, Université d'Angers SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, 49070, France
| | - Anis Limami
- IRHS Institut de Recherche en Horticultures et Séances, UMR 1345, INRA, Agrocampus-Ouest, Université d'Angers SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, 49070, France
| | - Danielle Way
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
- Research School of Biology, ANU Joint College of Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Guillaume Tcherkez
- IRHS Institut de Recherche en Horticultures et Séances, UMR 1345, INRA, Agrocampus-Ouest, Université d'Angers SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, 49070, France
- Research School of Biology, ANU Joint College of Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
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25
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Tan H, Zhang J, Qi X, Shi X, Zhou J, Wang X, Xiang X. Correlation analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome reveals the regulatory network for lipid synthesis in developing Brassica napus embryos. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 99:31-44. [PMID: 30519824 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-018-0800-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this manuscript, we explored the key molecular networks for oil biosynthesis with the transcriptome and metabolome of B. napus embryo at different developmental stages. Brassica napus (B. napus) is an important oil crop worldwide, yet the molecular pathways involved in oil biosynthesis in seeds are not fully understood. In this study, we performed a combined investigation of the gene expression profiles and metabolite content in B. napus seeds at 21, 28 and 35 days after flowering (DAF), when seed oil biosynthesis takes place. The total triacylglycerol (TAG) content in seed embryos increased over the course of seed maturation, and was accompanied by changes in the fatty acid profile, an increase in lipid droplets, and a reduction in starch grains. Metabolome analysis showed that the total amino acid, free fatty acid and organic acid contents in seed embryos decreased during seed maturation. In total, the abundance of 76 metabolites was significantly different between 21 and 28 DAF, and 68 metabolites changed in abundance between 28 and 35 DAF. Transcriptome analysis showed that the set of genes differentially expressed between stages was significantly enriched in those related to lipid metabolism, transport, protein and RNA metabolism, development and signaling, covering most steps of plant lipid biosynthesis and metabolism. Importantly, the metabolite and gene expression profiles were closely correlated during seed development, especially those associated with TAG and fatty acid biosynthesis. Further, the expression of major carbohydrate metabolism-regulating genes was closely correlated with carbohydrate content during seed maturation. Our results provide novel insights into the regulation of oil biosynthesis in B. napus seeds and highlights the coordination of gene expression and metabolism in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helin Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Jiahuan Zhang
- Plant Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Xiao Qi
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Xiaoli Shi
- Animal Sciences National Teaching Demonstration Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jianguo Zhou
- Animal Sciences National Teaching Demonstration Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xingchun Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Xiaoe Xiang
- Animal Sciences National Teaching Demonstration Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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26
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Szczepaniak A, Książkiewicz M, Podkowiński J, Czyż KB, Figlerowicz M, Naganowska B. Legume Cytosolic and Plastid Acetyl-Coenzyme-A Carboxylase Genes Differ by Evolutionary Patterns and Selection Pressure Schemes Acting before and after Whole-Genome Duplications. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9110563. [PMID: 30469317 PMCID: PMC6265850 DOI: 10.3390/genes9110563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase, E.C.6.4.1.2) catalyzes acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylation to malonyl coenzyme A. Plants possess two distinct ACCases differing by cellular compartment and function. Plastid ACCase contributes to de novo fatty acid synthesis, whereas cytosolic enzyme to the synthesis of very long chain fatty acids, phytoalexins, flavonoids, and anthocyanins. The narrow leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) represents legumes, a plant family which evolved by whole-genome duplications (WGDs). The study aimed on the contribution of these WGDs to the multiplication of ACCase genes and their further evolutionary patterns. The molecular approach involved bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library screening, fluorescent in situ hybridization, linkage mapping, and BAC sequencing. In silico analysis encompassed sequence annotation, comparative mapping, selection pressure calculation, phylogenetic inference, and gene expression profiling. Among sequenced legumes, the highest number of ACCase genes was identified in lupin and soybean. The most abundant plastid ACCase subunit genes were accB. ACCase genes in legumes evolved by WGDs, evidenced by shared synteny and Bayesian phylogenetic inference. Transcriptional activity of almost all copies was confirmed. Gene duplicates were conserved by strong purifying selection, however, positive selection occurred in Arachis (accB2) and Lupinus (accC) lineages, putatively predating the WGD event(s). Early duplicated accA and accB genes underwent transcriptional sub-functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Szczepaniak
- Department of Genomics, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Michał Książkiewicz
- Department of Genomics, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Jan Podkowiński
- Department of Genomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna B Czyż
- Department of Biometry and Bioinformatics, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Marek Figlerowicz
- Department of Genomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Barbara Naganowska
- Department of Genomics, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznań, Poland.
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Intracellular Fate of Universally Labelled 13C Isotopic Tracers of Glucose and Xylose in Central Metabolic Pathways of Xanthomonas oryzae. Metabolites 2018; 8:metabo8040066. [PMID: 30326608 PMCID: PMC6316632 DOI: 10.3390/metabo8040066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study is to map the metabolic pathways of poorly understood bacterial phytopathogen, Xanthomonas oryzae (Xoo) BXO43 fed with plant mimicking media XOM2 containing glutamate, methionine and either 40% [13C₅] xylose or 40% [13C₆] glucose. The metabolic networks mapped using the KEGG mapper and the mass isotopomer fragments of proteinogenic amino acids derived from GC-MS provided insights into the activities of Xoo central metabolic pathways. The average 13C in histidine, aspartate and other amino acids confirmed the activities of PPP, the TCA cycle and amino acid biosynthetic routes, respectively. The similar labelling patterns of amino acids (His, Ala, Ser, Val and Gly) from glucose and xylose feeding experiments suggests that PPP would be the main metabolic route in Xoo. Owing to the lack of annotated gene phosphoglucoisomerase in BXO43, the 13C incorporation in alanine could not be attributed to the competing pathways and hence warrants additional positional labelling experiments. The negligible presence of 13C incorporation in methionine brings into question its potential role in metabolism and pathogenicity. The extent of the average 13C labelling in several amino acids highlighted the contribution of pre-existing pools that need to be accounted for in 13C-flux analysis studies. This study provided the first qualitative insights into central carbon metabolic pathway activities in Xoo.
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28
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Berkov S, Georgieva L, Sidjimova B, Nikolova M. Metabolite Profiling of In Vitro Plant Systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-54600-1_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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29
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Gu R, Zhou Y, Song X, Xu S, Zhang X, Lin H, Xu S, Yue S, Zhu S. Tolerance of Ruppia sinensis Seeds to Desiccation, Low Temperature, and High Salinity With Special Reference to Long-Term Seed Storage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:221. [PMID: 29628930 PMCID: PMC5876315 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Seeds are important materials for the restoration of globally-threatened marine angiosperm (seagrass) populations. In this study, we investigated the differences between different Ruppia sinensis seed types and developed two feasible long-term R. sinensis seed storage methods. The ability of R. sinensis seeds to tolerate the short-term desiccation and extreme cold had been investigated. The tolerance of R. sinensis seeds to long-term exposure of high salinity, cold temperature, and desiccation had been considered as potential methods for long-term seed storage. Also, three morphological and nine physiological indices were measured and compared between two types of seeds: Shape L and Shape S. We found that: (1) wet storage at a salinity of 30-40 psu and 0°C were the optimal long-term storage conditions, and the proportion of viable seeds reached over 90% after a storage period of 11 months since the seeds were collected from the reproductive shoots; (2) dry condition was not the optimal choice for long-term storage of R. sinensis seeds; however, storing seeds in a dry condition at 5°C and 33 ± 10% relative humidity for 9 months had a relatively high percentage (74.44 ± 2.22%) of viable seeds, consequently desiccation exposure could also be an acceptable seed storage method; (3) R. sinensis seeds would lose vigor in the interaction of extreme cold (-27°C) and desiccation; (4) there were significant differences in seed weight, seed curvature, and endocarp thickness between the two types of seeds. These findings provided fundamental physiological information for R. sinensis seeds and supported the long-term storage of its seeds. Our results may also serve as useful reference for seed storage of other threatened seagrass species and facilitate their ex situ conservation and habitat restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiting Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- College of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Zhou,
| | - Xiaoyue Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- College of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shaochun Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- College of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Haiying Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- College of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shidong Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- College of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyu Zhu
- Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve Management Bureau, Dongying, China
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Abdullah HM, Chhikara S, Akbari P, Schnell DJ, Pareek A, Dhankher OP. Comparative transcriptome and metabolome analysis suggests bottlenecks that limit seed and oil yields in transgenic Camelina sativa expressing diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:335. [PMID: 30574188 PMCID: PMC6299664 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1326-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Camelina sativa has attracted much interest as alternative renewable resources for biodiesel, other oil-based industrial products and a source for edible oils. Its unique oil attributes attract research to engineering new varieties of improved oil quantity and quality. The overexpression of enzymes catalyzing the synthesis of the glycerol backbone and the sequential conjugation of fatty acids into this backbone is a promising approach for increasing the levels of triacylglycerol (TAG). In a previous study, we co-expressed the diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT1) and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD1), involved in TAG metabolism, in Camelina seeds. Transgenic plants exhibited a higher-percentage seed oil content, a greater seed mass, and overall improved seed and oil yields relative to wild-type plants. To further increase seed oil content in Camelina, we utilized metabolite profiling, in conjunction with transcriptome profiling during seed development to examine potential rate-limiting step(s) in the production of building blocks for TAG biosynthesis. RESULTS Transcriptomic analysis revealed approximately 2518 and 3136 transcripts differentially regulated at significant levels in DGAT1 and GPD1 transgenics, respectively. These transcripts were found to be involved in various functional categories, including alternative metabolic routes in fatty acid synthesis, TAG assembly, and TAG degradation. We quantified the relative contents of over 240 metabolites. Our results indicate major metabolic switches in transgenic seeds associated with significant changes in the levels of glycerolipids, amino acids, sugars, and organic acids, especially the TCA cycle and glycolysis intermediates. CONCLUSIONS From the transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of DGAT1, GPD1 and DGAT1 + GPD1 expressing lines of C. sativa, we conclude that TAG production is limited by (1) utilization of fixed carbon from the source tissues supported by the increase in glycolysis pathway metabolites and decreased transcripts levels of transcription factors controlling fatty acids synthesis; (2) TAG accumulation is limited by the activity of lipases/hydrolases that hydrolyze TAG pool supported by the increase in free fatty acids and monoacylglycerols. This comparative transcriptomics and metabolomics approach is useful in understanding the regulation of TAG biosynthesis, identifying bottlenecks, and the corresponding genes controlling these pathways identified as limitations, for generating Camelina varieties with improved seed and oil yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham M. Abdullah
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11651 Egypt
- Present Address: Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Sudesh Chhikara
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
- Present Address: Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001 India
| | - Parisa Akbari
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
| | - Danny J. Schnell
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Ashwani Pareek
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 100067 India
| | - Om Parkash Dhankher
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
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31
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Stein O, Avin-Wittenberg T, Krahnert I, Zemach H, Bogol V, Daron O, Aloni R, Fernie AR, Granot D. Arabidopsis Fructokinases Are Important for Seed Oil Accumulation and Vascular Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 7:2047. [PMID: 28119723 PMCID: PMC5222831 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.02047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose (a disaccharide made of glucose and fructose) is the primary carbon source transported to sink organs in many plants. Since fructose accounts for half of the hexoses used for metabolism in sink tissues, plant fructokinases (FRKs), the main fructose-phosphorylating enzymes, are likely to play a central role in plant development. However, to date, their specific functions have been the subject of only limited study. The Arabidopsis genome contains seven genes encoding six cytosolic FRKs and a single plastidic FRK. T-DNA knockout mutants for five of the seven FRKs were identified and used in this study. Single knockouts of the FRK mutants did not exhibit any unusual phenotype. Double-mutants of AtFRK6 (plastidic) and AtFRK7 showed normal growth in soil, but yielded dark, distorted seeds. The seed distortion could be complemented by expression of the well-characterized tomato SlFRK1, confirming that a lack of FRK activity was the primary cause of the seed phenotype. Seeds of the double-mutant germinated, but failed to establish on 1/2 MS plates. Seed establishment was made possible by the addition of glucose or sucrose, indicating reduced seed storage reserves. Metabolic profiling of the double-mutant seeds revealed decreased TCA cycle metabolites and reduced fatty acid metabolism. Examination of the mutant embryo cells revealed smaller oil bodies, the primary storage reserve in Arabidopsis seeds. Quadruple and penta FRK mutants showed growth inhibition and leaf wilting. Anatomical analysis revealed smaller trachea elements and smaller xylem area, accompanied by necrosis around the cambium and the phloem. These results demonstrate overlapping and complementary roles of the plastidic AtFRK6 and the cytosolic AtFRK7 in seed storage accumulation, and the importance of AtFRKs for vascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofer Stein
- Volcani Center, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research OrganizationBet Dagan, Israel
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovot, Israel
| | - Tamar Avin-Wittenberg
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare PflanzenphysiologiePotsdam-Golm, Germany
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Hebrew University of JerusalemGivat Ram, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ina Krahnert
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare PflanzenphysiologiePotsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Hanita Zemach
- Volcani Center, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research OrganizationBet Dagan, Israel
| | - Vlada Bogol
- Volcani Center, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research OrganizationBet Dagan, Israel
| | - Oksana Daron
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion UniversityBeer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Roni Aloni
- Department of Plant Sciences, Tel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv, Israel
| | - Alisdair R. Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare PflanzenphysiologiePotsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - David Granot
- Volcani Center, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research OrganizationBet Dagan, Israel
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Zhang Y, Li X, Yang S, Feng X. Identification of ZOUPI Orthologs in Soybean Potentially Involved in Endosperm Breakdown and Embryogenic Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:139. [PMID: 28228767 PMCID: PMC5296293 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max Merr.) is the world's most widely grown legume and provides an important source of protein and oil. Improvement of seed quality requires deep insights into the genetic regulation of seed development. The endosperm serves as a temporary source of nutrients that are transported from maternal to filial tissues, and it also generates signals for proper embryo formation. Endosperm cell death is associated with the processes of nutrient transfer and embryo expansion. The bHLH domain transcription factor AtZHOUPI (AtZOU) plays a key role in both the lysis of the transient endosperm and the formation of embryo cuticle in Arabidopsis thaliana. There are two copies of soybean GmZOU (GmZOU-1 and GmZOU-2), which fall into the same phylogenetic clade as AtZOU. These two copies share the same transcription orientation and are the result of tandem duplication. The expression of GmZOUs is limited to the endosperm, where it peaks during the heart embryo stage. When the exogenous GmZOU-1 and GmZOU-2 were expressed in the zou-4 mutant of Arabidopsis, only GmZOU-1 partially complemented the zou mutant phenotype, as indicated by endosperm breakdown and embryo cuticle formation in the transgenic lines. This research confirmed that the GmZOU-1 is a ZOU ortholog that may be responsible for endosperm breakdown and embryo cuticle formation in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Suxin Yang
- *Correspondence: Suxin Yang, Xianzhong Feng,
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Lin Z, An J, Wang J, Niu J, Ma C, Wang L, Yuan G, Shi L, Liu L, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Qi J, Lin S. Integrated analysis of 454 and Illumina transcriptomic sequencing characterizes carbon flux and energy source for fatty acid synthesis in developing Lindera glauca fruits for woody biodiesel. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:134. [PMID: 28559925 PMCID: PMC5445305 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0820-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lindera glauca fruit with high quality and quantity of oil has emerged as a novel potential source of biodiesel in China, but the molecular regulatory mechanism of carbon flux and energy source for oil biosynthesis in developing fruits is still unknown. To better develop fruit oils of L. glauca as woody biodiesel, a combination of two different sequencing platforms (454 and Illumina) and qRT-PCR analysis was used to define a minimal reference transcriptome of developing L. glauca fruits, and to construct carbon and energy metabolic model for regulation of carbon partitioning and energy supply for FA biosynthesis and oil accumulation. RESULTS We first analyzed the dynamic patterns of growth tendency, oil content, FA compositions, biodiesel properties, and the contents of ATP and pyridine nucleotide of L. glauca fruits from seven different developing stages. Comprehensive characterization of transcriptome of the developing L. glauca fruit was performed using a combination of two different next-generation sequencing platforms, of which three representative fruit samples (50, 125, and 150 DAF) and one mixed sample from seven developing stages were selected for Illumina and 454 sequencing, respectively. The unigenes separately obtained from long and short reads (201, and 259, respectively, in total) were reconciled using TGICL software, resulting in a total of 60,031 unigenes (mean length = 1061.95 bp) to describe a transcriptome for developing L. glauca fruits. Notably, 198 genes were annotated for photosynthesis, sucrose cleavage, carbon allocation, metabolite transport, acetyl-CoA formation, oil synthesis, and energy metabolism, among which some specific transporters, transcription factors, and enzymes were identified to be implicated in carbon partitioning and energy source for oil synthesis by an integrated analysis of transcriptomic sequencing and qRT-PCR. Importantly, the carbon and energy metabolic model was well established for oil biosynthesis of developing L. glauca fruits, which could help to reveal the molecular regulatory mechanism of the increased oil production in developing fruits. CONCLUSIONS This study presents for the first time the application of an integrated two different sequencing analyses (Illumina and 454) and qRT-PCR detection to define a minimal reference transcriptome for developing L. glauca fruits, and to elucidate the molecular regulatory mechanism of carbon flux control and energy provision for oil synthesis. Our results will provide a valuable resource for future fundamental and applied research on the woody biodiesel plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Lin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Nature Conservation, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 10083 China
| | - Jiyong An
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Nature Conservation, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 10083 China
| | - Jia Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Nature Conservation, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 10083 China
| | - Jun Niu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Key Laboratory of Protection and Development Utilization of Tropical Crop Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228 China
| | - Chao Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Nature Conservation, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 10083 China
| | - Libing Wang
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 10091 China
| | - Guanshen Yuan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Nature Conservation, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 10083 China
| | - Lingling Shi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Nature Conservation, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 10083 China
| | - Lili Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Nature Conservation, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 10083 China
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Nature Conservation, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 10083 China
| | - Zhixiang Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Nature Conservation, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 10083 China
| | - Ji Qi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Nature Conservation, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 10083 China
| | - Shanzhi Lin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Nature Conservation, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 10083 China
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Kanai M, Mano S, Kondo M, Hayashi M, Nishimura M. Extension of oil biosynthesis during the mid-phase of seed development enhances oil content in Arabidopsis seeds. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2016; 14:1241-50. [PMID: 26503031 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of oil biosynthesis in plant seeds has been extensively studied, and biotechnological approaches have been designed to increase seed oil content. Oil and protein synthesis is negatively correlated in seeds, but the mechanisms controlling interactions between these two pathways are unknown. Here, we identify the molecular mechanism controlling oil and protein content in seeds. We utilized transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants overexpressing WRINKLED1 (WRI1), a master transcription factor regulating seed oil biosynthesis, and knockout mutants of major seed storage proteins. Oil and protein biosynthesis in wild-type plants was sequentially activated during early and late seed development, respectively. The negative correlation between oil and protein contents in seeds arises from competition between the pathways. Extension of WRI1 expression during mid-phase of seed development significantly enhanced seed oil content. This study demonstrates that temporal activation of genes involved in oil or storage protein biosynthesis determines the oil/protein ratio in Arabidopsis seeds. These results provide novel insights into potential breeding strategies to generate crops with high oil contents in seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatake Kanai
- Department of Cell Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
- Laboratory of Biological Diversity, Department of Evolutionary and Biodiversity, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Shoji Mano
- Department of Cell Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
- Laboratory of Biological Diversity, Department of Evolutionary and Biodiversity, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Japan
| | - Maki Kondo
- Spectrography and Bioimaging Facility, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Makoto Hayashi
- Department of Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Japan
| | - Mikio Nishimura
- Department of Cell Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
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Allen DK. Assessing compartmentalized flux in lipid metabolism with isotopes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1226-1242. [PMID: 27003250 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism in plants takes place across multiple cell types and within distinct organelles. The distributions equate to spatial heterogeneity; though the limited means to experimentally assess metabolism frequently involve homogenizing tissues and mixing metabolites from different locations. Most current isotope investigations of metabolism therefore lack the ability to resolve spatially distinct events. Recognition of this limitation has resulted in inspired efforts to advance metabolic flux analysis and isotopic labeling techniques. Though a number of these efforts have been applied to studies in central metabolism; recent advances in instrumentation and techniques present an untapped opportunity to make similar progress in lipid metabolism where the use of stable isotopes has been more limited. These efforts will benefit from sophisticated radiolabeling reports that continue to enrich our knowledge on lipid biosynthetic pathways and provide some direction for stable isotope experimental design and extension of MFA. Evidence for this assertion is presented through the review of several elegant stable isotope studies and by taking stock of what has been learned from radioisotope investigations when spatial aspects of metabolism were considered. The studies emphasize that glycerolipid production occurs across several locations with assembly of lipids in the ER or plastid, fatty acid biosynthesis occurring in the plastid, and the generation of acetyl-CoA and glycerol-3-phosphate taking place at multiple sites. Considering metabolism in this context underscores the cellular and subcellular organization that is important to enhanced production of glycerolipids in plants. An attempt is made to unify salient features from a number of reports into a diagrammatic model of lipid metabolism and propose where stable isotope labeling experiments and further flux analysis may help address questions in the field. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Plant Lipid Biology edited by Kent D. Chapman and Ivo Feussner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doug K Allen
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 975 North Warson Road, St. Louis, MO 63132, United States; Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 North Warson Road, St. Louis, MO 63132, United States.
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Huang J, Zhang T, Zhang Q, Chen M, Wang Z, Zheng B, Xia G, Yang X, Huang C, Huang Y. The mechanism of high contents of oil and oleic acid revealed by transcriptomic and lipidomic analysis during embryogenesis in Carya cathayensis Sarg. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:113. [PMID: 26878846 PMCID: PMC4755018 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2434-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hickory (Carya cathayensis Sarg.) accumulates more than 70 % oil and 90 % unsaturated fatty acids with considerably high oleic acid in its mature embryo. The concurrent global trancriptomic and lipidomic analyses provided a framework for better understanding of glycerolipid biosynthesis and metabolism in the hickory nut. Results The synthetical regulation of numerous leading lipid-related genes harmonized with the oil accumulation and fatty acid conversion in embryo development. The high level of ACCase correlated positively with fatty acids de novo synthesis, and the synergy of DGAT2 and PDAT promoted the TAG assembly, and oleosins, caleosins and steroleosins were transcribed considerably high for timely energy reserve in oil body. Glycolysis possibly provided sufficient precursors and energy for lipid synthesis. The perfect harmonization of the high level of SAD with low level of FAD2 facilitated the oleic acid accumulation. And the ratio of FATA/FATB or SAD/FATB was proposed for determining the saturated degree of oil. The gene multi-copy event was generated probably for accommodating various survival environments. A thermotolerant defense system including TAG hydrolysis determinants, heat shock proteins, and high ratio of MUFA to PUFA constrained the lipid degradation and provided a guarantee for high lipid content. A batch of potential genes recruited from the co-expression network helps us to understand the lipid synthesis and the response to high temperature better. Conclusions The high transcriptional levels of key genes in lipid synthesis promoted the oil accumulation, and the harmonious expression of key ones for unsaturated fatty acids led oleic acid to high levels. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2434-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqin Huang
- Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, P. R. China.
| | - Tong Zhang
- Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, P. R. China.
| | - Qixiang Zhang
- Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, P. R. China.
| | - Ming Chen
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China.
| | - Zhengjia Wang
- Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, P. R. China.
| | - Bingsong Zheng
- Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, P. R. China.
| | - Guohua Xia
- Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, P. R. China.
| | - Xianyou Yang
- Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, P. R. China.
| | - Chunying Huang
- Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, P. R. China.
| | - Youjun Huang
- Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, P. R. China. .,School of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China.
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Yuan H, Cheung CYM, Hilbers PAJ, van Riel NAW. Flux Balance Analysis of Plant Metabolism: The Effect of Biomass Composition and Model Structure on Model Predictions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:537. [PMID: 27200014 PMCID: PMC4845513 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The biomass composition represented in constraint-based metabolic models is a key component for predicting cellular metabolism using flux balance analysis (FBA). Despite major advances in analytical technologies, it is often challenging to obtain a detailed composition of all major biomass components experimentally. Studies examining the influence of the biomass composition on the predictions of metabolic models have so far mostly been done on models of microorganisms. Little is known about the impact of varying biomass composition on flux prediction in FBA models of plants, whose metabolism is very versatile and complex because of the presence of multiple subcellular compartments. Also, the published metabolic models of plants differ in size and complexity. In this study, we examined the sensitivity of the predicted fluxes of plant metabolic models to biomass composition and model structure. These questions were addressed by evaluating the sensitivity of predictions of growth rates and central carbon metabolic fluxes to varying biomass compositions in three different genome-/large-scale metabolic models of Arabidopsis thaliana. Our results showed that fluxes through the central carbon metabolism were robust to changes in biomass composition. Nevertheless, comparisons between the predictions from three models using identical modeling constraints and objective function showed that model predictions were sensitive to the structure of the models, highlighting large discrepancies between the published models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of TechnologyEindhoven, Netherlands
| | | | - Peter A. J. Hilbers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of TechnologyEindhoven, Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of TechnologyEindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Natal A. W. van Riel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of TechnologyEindhoven, Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of TechnologyEindhoven, Netherlands
- Natal A. W. van Riel
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António C, Päpke C, Rocha M, Diab H, Limami AM, Obata T, Fernie AR, van Dongen JT. Regulation of Primary Metabolism in Response to Low Oxygen Availability as Revealed by Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Redistribution. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 170:43-56. [PMID: 26553649 PMCID: PMC4704563 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Based on enzyme activity assays and metabolic responses to waterlogging of the legume Lotus japonicus, it was previously suggested that, during hypoxia, the tricarboxylic acid cycle switches to a noncyclic operation mode. Hypotheses were postulated to explain the alternative metabolic pathways involved, but as yet, a direct analysis of the relative redistribution of label through the corresponding pathways was not made. Here, we describe the use of stable isotope-labeling experiments for studying metabolism under hypoxia using wild-type roots of the crop legume soybean (Glycine max). [(13)C]Pyruvate labeling was performed to compare metabolism through the tricarboxylic acid cycle, fermentation, alanine metabolism, and the γ-aminobutyric acid shunt, while [(13)C]glutamate and [(15)N]ammonium labeling were performed to address the metabolism via glutamate to succinate. Following these labelings, the time course for the redistribution of the (13)C/(15)N label throughout the metabolic network was evaluated with gas chromatography-time of flight-mass spectrometry. Our combined labeling data suggest the inhibition of the tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme succinate dehydrogenase, also known as complex II of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, providing support for the bifurcation of the cycle and the down-regulation of the rate of respiration measured during hypoxic stress. Moreover, up-regulation of the γ-aminobutyric acid shunt and alanine metabolism explained the accumulation of succinate and alanine during hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla António
- Energy Metabolism Group (C.A., C.P., M.R., J.T.v.D.) and Central Metabolism Group (T.O., A.R.F.), Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany;Plant Metabolomics Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier-Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal (C.A.);Departamento de Produção Animal e Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas 69082-653, Brazil (M.R.);University of Angers (H.D., A.M.L.) and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (A.M.L.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 1345 IRHS, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France; andInstitute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany (J.T.v.D.)
| | - Carola Päpke
- Energy Metabolism Group (C.A., C.P., M.R., J.T.v.D.) and Central Metabolism Group (T.O., A.R.F.), Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany;Plant Metabolomics Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier-Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal (C.A.);Departamento de Produção Animal e Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas 69082-653, Brazil (M.R.);University of Angers (H.D., A.M.L.) and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (A.M.L.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 1345 IRHS, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France; andInstitute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany (J.T.v.D.)
| | - Marcio Rocha
- Energy Metabolism Group (C.A., C.P., M.R., J.T.v.D.) and Central Metabolism Group (T.O., A.R.F.), Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany;Plant Metabolomics Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier-Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal (C.A.);Departamento de Produção Animal e Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas 69082-653, Brazil (M.R.);University of Angers (H.D., A.M.L.) and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (A.M.L.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 1345 IRHS, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France; andInstitute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany (J.T.v.D.)
| | - Houssein Diab
- Energy Metabolism Group (C.A., C.P., M.R., J.T.v.D.) and Central Metabolism Group (T.O., A.R.F.), Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany;Plant Metabolomics Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier-Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal (C.A.);Departamento de Produção Animal e Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas 69082-653, Brazil (M.R.);University of Angers (H.D., A.M.L.) and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (A.M.L.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 1345 IRHS, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France; andInstitute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany (J.T.v.D.)
| | - Anis M Limami
- Energy Metabolism Group (C.A., C.P., M.R., J.T.v.D.) and Central Metabolism Group (T.O., A.R.F.), Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany;Plant Metabolomics Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier-Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal (C.A.);Departamento de Produção Animal e Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas 69082-653, Brazil (M.R.);University of Angers (H.D., A.M.L.) and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (A.M.L.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 1345 IRHS, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France; andInstitute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany (J.T.v.D.)
| | - Toshihiro Obata
- Energy Metabolism Group (C.A., C.P., M.R., J.T.v.D.) and Central Metabolism Group (T.O., A.R.F.), Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany;Plant Metabolomics Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier-Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal (C.A.);Departamento de Produção Animal e Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas 69082-653, Brazil (M.R.);University of Angers (H.D., A.M.L.) and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (A.M.L.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 1345 IRHS, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France; andInstitute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany (J.T.v.D.)
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Energy Metabolism Group (C.A., C.P., M.R., J.T.v.D.) and Central Metabolism Group (T.O., A.R.F.), Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany;Plant Metabolomics Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier-Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal (C.A.);Departamento de Produção Animal e Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas 69082-653, Brazil (M.R.);University of Angers (H.D., A.M.L.) and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (A.M.L.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 1345 IRHS, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France; andInstitute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany (J.T.v.D.)
| | - Joost T van Dongen
- Energy Metabolism Group (C.A., C.P., M.R., J.T.v.D.) and Central Metabolism Group (T.O., A.R.F.), Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany;Plant Metabolomics Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier-Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal (C.A.);Departamento de Produção Animal e Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas 69082-653, Brazil (M.R.);University of Angers (H.D., A.M.L.) and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (A.M.L.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 1345 IRHS, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France; andInstitute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany (J.T.v.D.)
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Millar JL, Khan D, Becker MG, Chan A, Dufresne A, Sumner M, Belmonte MF. Chalazal seed coat development in Brassica napus. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 241:45-54. [PMID: 26706057 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The chalazal seed coat (CZSC) is a maternal subregion adjacent to the funiculus which serves as the first point of entry into the developing seed. This subregion is of particular interest in Brassica napus (canola) because of its location within the seed and its putative contribution to seed filling processes. In this study, the CZSC of canola was characterized at an anatomical and molecular level to (i) describe the cellular and subcellular features of the CZSC throughout seed development, (ii) reveal cellular features of the CZSC that relate to transport processes, (iii) study gene activity of transporters and transcriptional regulators in the CZSC subregion over developmental time, and (iv) briefly investigate the contribution of the A and C constituent genomes to B. napus CZSC gene activity. We found that the CZSC contains terminating ends of xylem and phloem as well as a mosaic of endomembrane and plasmodesmatal connections, suggesting that this subregion is likely involved in the transport of material and information from the maternal tissues of the plant to other regions of the seed. Laser microdissection coupled with quantitative RT-PCR identified the relative abundance of sugar, water, auxin and amino acid transporter homologs inherited from the constituent genomes of this complex polyploid. We also studied the expression of three transcription factors that were shown to co-express with these biological processes providing a preliminary framework for the regulatory networks responsible for seed filling in canola and discuss the relationship of the CZSC to other regions and subregions of the seed and its role in seed development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L Millar
- University of Manitoba, Department of Biological Sciences, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Deirdre Khan
- University of Manitoba, Department of Biological Sciences, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Michael G Becker
- University of Manitoba, Department of Biological Sciences, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Ainsley Chan
- University of Manitoba, Department of Biological Sciences, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - André Dufresne
- University of Manitoba, Department of Biological Sciences, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Michael Sumner
- University of Manitoba, Department of Biological Sciences, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Mark F Belmonte
- University of Manitoba, Department of Biological Sciences, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
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Pollard M, Delamarter D, Martin TM, Shachar-Hill Y. Lipid labeling from acetate or glycerol in cultured embryos of Camelina sativa seeds: A tale of two substrates. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 118:192-203. [PMID: 26265565 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Studies on the metabolism of lipids in seeds frequently use radiolabeled acetate and glycerol supplied to excised developing seeds to track the biosynthesis of acyl and lipid head groups, respectively. Such experiments are generally restricted to shorter time periods and the results may not quantitatively reflect in planta rates. These limitations can be removed by using cultured embryos, provided they mimic growth and lipid deposition observed for embryos in planta. Mid-maturation embryos from Camelina sativa were cultured in vitro to assess the use of sufficient acetate or glycerol concentrations and labeling periods for stable isotope labeling and mass spectrometric detection. Maximum incorporation of exogenous acetate into fatty acids occurred at 1mM and above. This provides about 5% of the total carbon flux entering fatty acids, enough for (13)C isotopomer analysis while maintaining normal biosynthetic rates for over 24h. Labeling analysis indicates that acetate reports lipid metabolism uniformly across the embryo. At higher acetate concentrations with longer incubations, the rate of fatty acid synthesis is reduced and the composition of newly synthesized fatty acids changes. While the mole fractions of oleate that undergo Δ12-desaturation or elongation are independent of biosynthetic flux, Δ15-desaturation shows a bimodal dependence. These observations are consistent with changes occurring in planta over seed development. Incorporation rates of the glyceryl moiety into lipids saturates at about 0.5mM exogenous glycerol. At saturation, the exogenous glycerol almost completely replaces the endogenous supply of glycerol-3-phosphate without affecting net lipid accumulation or fatty acid composition. It is concluded that acetate and glycerol labeling of cultured C. sativa embryos can provide an accurate representation of lipid metabolism in embryos in vivo, and that in Camelina embryos glycerol-3-phosphate levels do not co-limit triacylglycerol synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Pollard
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, 612 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Danielle Delamarter
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, 612 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Tina M Martin
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, 612 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Yair Shachar-Hill
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, 612 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Pollard M, Martin TM, Shachar-Hill Y. Lipid analysis of developing Camelina sativa seeds and cultured embryos. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 118:23-32. [PMID: 26262674 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Camelina sativa is a cultivated oilseed rich in triacylglycerols containing oleic, linoleic, α-linolenic and eicosenoic acids. As it holds promise as a model species, its lipid synthesis was characterized in vivo and in culture. Lipid accumulates at a maximum rate of about 26 μg/day/seed (11.5 mg lipid/day/g fresh seed weight), a rate comparable with other oilseeds. Noteworthy is a late stage surge in α-linolenic acid accumulation. Small amounts of unusual epoxy and hydroxy fatty acids are also present in the triacylglycerols. These include 15,16-epoxy- and 15-hydroxy-octadecadienoic acids and homologous series of ω7-hydroxy-alk-ω9-enoic and ω9/10-hydroxy-alkanoic acids. Mid-maturation embryos cultured in vitro have growth and lipid deposition rates and fatty acid compositions that closely match that of seeds, but extended culture periods allow these rates to rise and surpass those observed in planta. Optimized thin layer chromatography systems for characterization of labeled products from acetate or glycerol labeling are described. Glycerol label is only found in acylglycerols, largely as the intact glyceryl backbone, but acetate can label acyl groups and sterols, the latter to a much higher relative specific activity. This presumably occurs because mevalonic acid precursor is derived from the non-plastid pool of acetyl-CoA that is also the source for malonyl-CoA to drive FAE1-dependent chain elongation. Particular attention has been paid to the separation of sterols and diacylglycerols, and to hydrogenation of triacylglycerols to simplify their analysis. These improved methods will allow more accurate analyses of the fluxes of lipid metabolism in cultured plant embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Pollard
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, 612 Wilson Rd., East Lansing, MI 48824, United States.
| | - Tina M Martin
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, 612 Wilson Rd., East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Yair Shachar-Hill
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, 612 Wilson Rd., East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
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Schwender J, Hebbelmann I, Heinzel N, Hildebrandt T, Rogers A, Naik D, Klapperstück M, Braun HP, Schreiber F, Denolf P, Borisjuk L, Rolletschek H. Quantitative Multilevel Analysis of Central Metabolism in Developing Oilseeds of Oilseed Rape during in Vitro Culture. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 168:828-48. [PMID: 25944824 PMCID: PMC4741336 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Seeds provide the basis for many food, feed, and fuel products. Continued increases in seed yield, composition, and quality require an improved understanding of how the developing seed converts carbon and nitrogen supplies into storage. Current knowledge of this process is often based on the premise that transcriptional regulation directly translates via enzyme concentration into flux. In an attempt to highlight metabolic control, we explore genotypic differences in carbon partitioning for in vitro cultured developing embryos of oilseed rape (Brassica napus). We determined biomass composition as well as 79 net fluxes, the levels of 77 metabolites, and 26 enzyme activities with specific focus on central metabolism in nine selected germplasm accessions. Overall, we observed a tradeoff between the biomass component fractions of lipid and starch. With increasing lipid content over the spectrum of genotypes, plastidic fatty acid synthesis and glycolytic flux increased concomitantly, while glycolytic intermediates decreased. The lipid/starch tradeoff was not reflected at the proteome level, pointing to the significance of (posttranslational) metabolic control. Enzyme activity/flux and metabolite/flux correlations suggest that plastidic pyruvate kinase exerts flux control and that the lipid/starch tradeoff is most likely mediated by allosteric feedback regulation of phosphofructokinase and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase. Quantitative data were also used to calculate in vivo mass action ratios, reaction equilibria, and metabolite turnover times. Compounds like cyclic 3',5'-AMP and sucrose-6-phosphate were identified to potentially be involved in so far unknown mechanisms of metabolic control. This study provides a rich source of quantitative data for those studying central metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Schwender
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Biological, Environmental, and Climate Sciences Department, Upton, New York 11973 (J.S., I.H., A.R., D.N.);Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany (N.H., L.B., H.R.);Institut für Pflanzengenetik, Universität Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany (T.H., H.-P.B.);Department of Environmental Science, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Koba, Gandhinagar 382007, Gujarat, India (D.N.);Clayton School of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia (M.K., F.S.);Institute of Computer Science, University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany (F.S.); andBayer CropScience, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium (P.D.)
| | - Inga Hebbelmann
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Biological, Environmental, and Climate Sciences Department, Upton, New York 11973 (J.S., I.H., A.R., D.N.);Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany (N.H., L.B., H.R.);Institut für Pflanzengenetik, Universität Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany (T.H., H.-P.B.);Department of Environmental Science, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Koba, Gandhinagar 382007, Gujarat, India (D.N.);Clayton School of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia (M.K., F.S.);Institute of Computer Science, University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany (F.S.); andBayer CropScience, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium (P.D.)
| | - Nicolas Heinzel
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Biological, Environmental, and Climate Sciences Department, Upton, New York 11973 (J.S., I.H., A.R., D.N.);Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany (N.H., L.B., H.R.);Institut für Pflanzengenetik, Universität Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany (T.H., H.-P.B.);Department of Environmental Science, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Koba, Gandhinagar 382007, Gujarat, India (D.N.);Clayton School of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia (M.K., F.S.);Institute of Computer Science, University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany (F.S.); andBayer CropScience, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium (P.D.)
| | - Tatjana Hildebrandt
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Biological, Environmental, and Climate Sciences Department, Upton, New York 11973 (J.S., I.H., A.R., D.N.);Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany (N.H., L.B., H.R.);Institut für Pflanzengenetik, Universität Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany (T.H., H.-P.B.);Department of Environmental Science, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Koba, Gandhinagar 382007, Gujarat, India (D.N.);Clayton School of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia (M.K., F.S.);Institute of Computer Science, University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany (F.S.); andBayer CropScience, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium (P.D.)
| | - Alistair Rogers
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Biological, Environmental, and Climate Sciences Department, Upton, New York 11973 (J.S., I.H., A.R., D.N.);Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany (N.H., L.B., H.R.);Institut für Pflanzengenetik, Universität Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany (T.H., H.-P.B.);Department of Environmental Science, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Koba, Gandhinagar 382007, Gujarat, India (D.N.);Clayton School of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia (M.K., F.S.);Institute of Computer Science, University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany (F.S.); andBayer CropScience, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium (P.D.)
| | - Dhiraj Naik
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Biological, Environmental, and Climate Sciences Department, Upton, New York 11973 (J.S., I.H., A.R., D.N.);Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany (N.H., L.B., H.R.);Institut für Pflanzengenetik, Universität Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany (T.H., H.-P.B.);Department of Environmental Science, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Koba, Gandhinagar 382007, Gujarat, India (D.N.);Clayton School of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia (M.K., F.S.);Institute of Computer Science, University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany (F.S.); andBayer CropScience, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium (P.D.)
| | - Matthias Klapperstück
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Biological, Environmental, and Climate Sciences Department, Upton, New York 11973 (J.S., I.H., A.R., D.N.);Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany (N.H., L.B., H.R.);Institut für Pflanzengenetik, Universität Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany (T.H., H.-P.B.);Department of Environmental Science, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Koba, Gandhinagar 382007, Gujarat, India (D.N.);Clayton School of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia (M.K., F.S.);Institute of Computer Science, University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany (F.S.); andBayer CropScience, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium (P.D.)
| | - Hans-Peter Braun
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Biological, Environmental, and Climate Sciences Department, Upton, New York 11973 (J.S., I.H., A.R., D.N.);Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany (N.H., L.B., H.R.);Institut für Pflanzengenetik, Universität Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany (T.H., H.-P.B.);Department of Environmental Science, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Koba, Gandhinagar 382007, Gujarat, India (D.N.);Clayton School of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia (M.K., F.S.);Institute of Computer Science, University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany (F.S.); andBayer CropScience, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium (P.D.)
| | - Falk Schreiber
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Biological, Environmental, and Climate Sciences Department, Upton, New York 11973 (J.S., I.H., A.R., D.N.);Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany (N.H., L.B., H.R.);Institut für Pflanzengenetik, Universität Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany (T.H., H.-P.B.);Department of Environmental Science, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Koba, Gandhinagar 382007, Gujarat, India (D.N.);Clayton School of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia (M.K., F.S.);Institute of Computer Science, University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany (F.S.); andBayer CropScience, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium (P.D.)
| | - Peter Denolf
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Biological, Environmental, and Climate Sciences Department, Upton, New York 11973 (J.S., I.H., A.R., D.N.);Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany (N.H., L.B., H.R.);Institut für Pflanzengenetik, Universität Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany (T.H., H.-P.B.);Department of Environmental Science, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Koba, Gandhinagar 382007, Gujarat, India (D.N.);Clayton School of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia (M.K., F.S.);Institute of Computer Science, University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany (F.S.); andBayer CropScience, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium (P.D.)
| | - Ljudmilla Borisjuk
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Biological, Environmental, and Climate Sciences Department, Upton, New York 11973 (J.S., I.H., A.R., D.N.);Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany (N.H., L.B., H.R.);Institut für Pflanzengenetik, Universität Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany (T.H., H.-P.B.);Department of Environmental Science, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Koba, Gandhinagar 382007, Gujarat, India (D.N.);Clayton School of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia (M.K., F.S.);Institute of Computer Science, University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany (F.S.); andBayer CropScience, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium (P.D.)
| | - Hardy Rolletschek
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Biological, Environmental, and Climate Sciences Department, Upton, New York 11973 (J.S., I.H., A.R., D.N.);Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany (N.H., L.B., H.R.);Institut für Pflanzengenetik, Universität Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany (T.H., H.-P.B.);Department of Environmental Science, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Koba, Gandhinagar 382007, Gujarat, India (D.N.);Clayton School of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia (M.K., F.S.);Institute of Computer Science, University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany (F.S.); andBayer CropScience, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium (P.D.)
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Tsogtbaatar E, Cocuron JC, Sonera MC, Alonso AP. Metabolite fingerprinting of pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) embryos to assess active pathways during oil synthesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:4267-77. [PMID: 25711705 PMCID: PMC4493779 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.), a plant naturalized to North America, accumulates high levels of erucic acid in its seeds, which makes it a promising biodiesel and industrial crop. The main carbon sinks in pennycress embryos were found to be proteins, fatty acids, and cell wall, which respectively represented 38.5, 33.2, and 27.0% of the biomass at 21 days after pollination. Erucic acid reached a maximum of 36% of the total fatty acids. Together these results indicate that total oil and erucic acid contents could be increased to boost the economic competitiveness of this crop. Understanding the biochemical basis of oil synthesis in pennycress embryos is therefore timely and relevant to guide future breeding and/or metabolic engineering efforts. For this purpose, a combination of metabolomics approaches was conducted to assess the active biochemical pathways during oil synthesis. First, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) profiling of intracellular metabolites highlighted three main families of compounds: organic acids, amino acids, and sugars/sugar alcohols. Secondly, these intermediates were quantified in developing pennycress embryos by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in multiple reaction monitoring mode. Finally, partitional clustering analysis grouped the intracellular metabolites that shared a similar pattern of accumulation over time into eight clusters. This study underlined that: (i) sucrose might be stored rather than cleaved into hexoses; (ii) glucose and glutamine would be the main sources of carbon and nitrogen, respectively; and (iii) glycolysis, the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and the Calvin cycle were active in developing pennycress embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enkhtuul Tsogtbaatar
- The Ohio State University, Department of Molecular Genetics, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jean-Christophe Cocuron
- The Ohio State University, Department of Molecular Genetics, Columbus, OH 43210, USA The Ohio State University, Center for Applied Plant Sciences, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Marcos Corchado Sonera
- University of Puerto Rico, Mechanical Engineering Department, Mayagüez, 00681-9000, Puerto Rico
| | - Ana Paula Alonso
- The Ohio State University, Department of Molecular Genetics, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Liu H, Yang Q, Fan C, Zhao X, Wang X, Zhou Y. Transcriptomic basis of functional difference and coordination between seeds and the silique wall of Brassica napus during the seed-filling stage. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 233:186-199. [PMID: 25711826 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The silique of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) is a composite organ including seeds and the silique wall (SW) that possesses distinctly physiological, biochemical and functional differentiations. Yet, the molecular events controlling such differences between the SW and seeds, as well as their coordination during silique development at transcriptional level are largely unknown. Here, we identified large sets of differentially expressed genes in the SW and seeds of siliques at 21-22 days after flowering with a Brassica 95K EST microarray. At this particular stage, there were 3278 SW preferentially expressed genes and 2425 seed preferentially expressed genes. Using the MapMan visualization software, genes differentially regulated in various metabolic pathways and sub-pathways between the SW and seeds were revealed. Photosynthesis and transport-related genes were more actively transcripted in the SW, while those involved in lipid metabolism were more active in seeds during the seed filling stage. On the other hand, genes involved in secondary metabolisms were selectively regulated in the SW and seeds. Large numbers of transcription factors were identified to be differentially expressed between the SW and seeds, suggesting a complex pattern of transcriptional control in these two organs. Furthermore, most genes discussed in categories or pathways showed a similar expression pattern through 21 DAF to 42 DAF. Our results thus provide insights into the coordination of seeds and the SW in the developing silique at the transcriptional levels, which will facilitate the functional studies of important genes for improving B. napus seed productivity and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qingyong Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chuchuan Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Xiaoqin Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xuemin Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yongming Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Allen DK, Bates PD, Tjellström H. Tracking the metabolic pulse of plant lipid production with isotopic labeling and flux analyses: Past, present and future. Prog Lipid Res 2015; 58:97-120. [PMID: 25773881 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism is comprised of networks of chemical transformations, organized into integrated biochemical pathways that are the basis of cellular operation, and function to sustain life. Metabolism, and thus life, is not static. The rate of metabolites transitioning through biochemical pathways (i.e., flux) determines cellular phenotypes, and is constantly changing in response to genetic or environmental perturbations. Each change evokes a response in metabolic pathway flow, and the quantification of fluxes under varied conditions helps to elucidate major and minor routes, and regulatory aspects of metabolism. To measure fluxes requires experimental methods that assess the movements and transformations of metabolites without creating artifacts. Isotopic labeling fills this role and is a long-standing experimental approach to identify pathways and quantify their metabolic relevance in different tissues or under different conditions. The application of labeling techniques to plant science is however far from reaching it potential. In light of advances in genetics and molecular biology that provide a means to alter metabolism, and given recent improvements in instrumentation, computational tools and available isotopes, the use of isotopic labeling to probe metabolism is becoming more and more powerful. We review the principal analytical methods for isotopic labeling with a focus on seminal studies of pathways and fluxes in lipid metabolism and carbon partitioning through central metabolism. Central carbon metabolic steps are directly linked to lipid production by serving to generate the precursors for fatty acid biosynthesis and lipid assembly. Additionally some of the ideas for labeling techniques that may be most applicable for lipid metabolism in the future were originally developed to investigate other aspects of central metabolism. We conclude by describing recent advances that will play an important future role in quantifying flux and metabolic operation in plant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doug K Allen
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 975 North Warson Road, St. Louis, MO 63132, United States; Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 North Warson Road, St. Louis, MO 63132, United States.
| | - Philip D Bates
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, United States
| | - Henrik Tjellström
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States; Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
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46
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Huang Y, Cheng J, Lu H, Huang R, Zhou J, Cen K. Simultaneous enhancement of microalgae biomass growth and lipid accumulation under continuous aeration with 15% CO2. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra08401f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous aeration with 15% CO2 induced nitrogen deprivation during Chlorella PY-ZU1 cultivation, thus simultaneously promoting biomass (2.78 g L−1) and lipid (47.04%) production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems
| | - Jun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Hongxiang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Rui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Junhu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Kefa Cen
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
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47
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Radchuk V, Borisjuk L. Physical, metabolic and developmental functions of the seed coat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:510. [PMID: 25346737 PMCID: PMC4193196 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The conventional understanding of the role of the seed coat is that it provides a protective layer for the developing zygote. Recent data show that the picture is more nuanced. The seed coat certainly represents a first line of defense against adverse external factors, but it also acts as channel for transmitting environmental cues to the interior of the seed. The latter function primes the seed to adjust its metabolism in response to changes in its external environment. The purpose of this review is to provide the reader with a comprehensive view of the structure and functionality of the seed coat, and to expose its hidden interaction with both the endosperm and embryo. Any breeding and/or biotechnology intervention seeking to increase seed size or modify seed features will have to consider the implications on this tripartite interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ljudmilla Borisjuk
- Heterosis, Molecular Genetics, Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und KulturpflanzenforschungGatersleben, Germany
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48
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Liu J, Hua W, Yang H, Guo T, Sun X, Wang X, Liu G, Wang H. Effects of specific organs on seed oil accumulation in Brassica napus L. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 227:60-68. [PMID: 25219307 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Seed oil content is an important agricultural characteristic in rapeseed breeding. Genetic analysis shows that the mother plant and the embryo play critical roles in regulating seed oil accumulation. However, the overwhelming majority of previous studies have focused on oil synthesis in the developing seed of rapeseed. In this study, to elucidate the roles of reproductive organs on oil accumulation, silique, ovule, and embryo from three rapeseed lines with high oil content (zy036, 6F313, and 61616) were cultured in vitro. The results suggest that zy036 silique wall, 6F313 seed coat, and 61616 embryo have positive impacts on the seed oil accumulation. In zy036, our previous studies show that high photosynthetic activity of the silique wall contributes to seed oil accumulation (Hua et al., 2012). Herein, by transcriptome sequencing and sucrose detection, we found that sugar transport in 6F313 seed coat might regulate the efficiency of oil synthesis by controlling sugar concentration in ovules. In 61616 embryos, high oil accumulation efficiency was partly induced by the elevated expression of fatty-acid biosynthesis-related genes. Our investigations show three organ-specific mechanisms regulating oil synthesis in rapeseed. This study provides new insights into the factors affecting seed oil accumulation in rapeseed and other oil crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Hua
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongli Yang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingchao Sun
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinfa Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Guihua Liu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanzhong Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China.
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Grimberg Å. Preferred carbon precursors for lipid labelling in the heterotrophic endosperm of developing oat (Avena sativa L.) grains. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2014; 83:346-55. [PMID: 25221923 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Oat (Avena sativa L.) is unusual among the cereal grains in storing high amounts of oil in the endosperm; up to 90% of total grain oil. By using oat as a model species for oil metabolism in the cereal endosperm, we can learn how to develop strategies to redirect carbon from starch to achieve high-oil yielding cereal crops. Carbon precursors for lipid synthesis were compared in two genetically close oat cultivars with different endosperm oil content (about 6% and 10% of grain dw, medium-oil; MO, and high-oil; HO cultivar, respectively) by supplying a variety of (14)C-labelled substrates to the grain from both up- and downstream parts of glycolysis, either through detached oat panicles in vitro or by direct injection in planta. When supplied by direct injection, (14)C from acetate was identified to label the lipid fraction of the grain to the highest extent among substrates tested; 46% of net accumulated (14)C, demonstrating its applicability as a marker for lipids in the endosperm. Time course analyses of injected (14)C acetate during grain development suggested a more efficient transfer of fatty acids from polar lipids to triacylglycerol in the HO as compared to the MO cultivar, and turnover of triacylglycerol was suggested to not play a major role for the final oil content of oat grain endosperm despite the low amount of protective oleosins in this tissue. Moreover, availability of light was shown to drastically affect grain net carbon accumulation from (14)C-sucrose when supplied through detached panicles for the HO cultivar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Grimberg
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Växtskyddsvägen 1, P.O. Box 101, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden.
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50
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Häusler RE, Heinrichs L, Schmitz J, Flügge UI. How sugars might coordinate chloroplast and nuclear gene expression during acclimation to high light intensities. MOLECULAR PLANT 2014; 7:1121-37. [PMID: 25006007 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssu064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The concept of retrograde control of nuclear gene expression assumes the generation of signals inside the chloroplasts, which are either released from or sensed inside of the organelle. In both cases, downstream signaling pathways lead eventually to a differential regulation of nuclear gene expression and the production of proteins required in the chloroplast. This concept appears reasonable as the majority of the over 3000 predicted plastidial proteins are encoded by nuclear genes. Hence, the nucleus needs information on the status of the chloroplasts, such as during acclimation responses, which trigger massive changes in the protein composition of the thylakoid membrane and in the stroma. Here, we propose an additional control mechanism of nuclear- and plastome-encoded photosynthesis genes, taking advantage of pathways involved in sugar- or hormonal signaling. Sugars are major end products of photosynthesis and their contents respond very sensitively to changes in light intensities. Based on recent findings, we ask the question as to whether the carbohydrate status outside the chloroplast can be directly sensed within the chloroplast stroma. Sugars might synchronize the responsiveness of both genomes and thereby help to coordinate the expression of plastome- and nuclear-encoded photosynthesis genes in concert with other, more specific retrograde signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer E Häusler
- Department of Botany II, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicherstr. 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Luisa Heinrichs
- Department of Botany II, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicherstr. 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jessica Schmitz
- Department of Botany II, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicherstr. 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany Present address: Plant Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulf-Ingo Flügge
- Department of Botany II, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicherstr. 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany
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