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Liu L, Li H, Li N, Li S, Guo J, Li X. Parental salt priming improves the low temperature tolerance in wheat offspring via modulating the seed proteome. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 324:111428. [PMID: 36007631 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Low temperature is one of the main abiotic stresses that inhibit wheat growth and development. To understand the physiological mechanism of salt priming induced low temperature tolerance and its transgenerational effects, the chlorophyl b-deficient mutant (ANK) and its wild type (WT) wheat were subjected to low temperature stress after parental salt priming. Salt priming significantly decreased the levels of superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde in both parental and offspring plants under low temperature. The catalase activity in parental wheat and activities of dehydroascorbate reductase and glutathione reductase in the offspring were significantly increased by salt priming under low temperature. Meanwhile, salt priming contributed to mantaining the integrity of chloroplast structure and relatively higher net photosynthetic rate (Pn) in both generations under low temperature. Salt priming also improved the carbohydrate metabolism enzyme activities of parental and offspring plants, such as phosphoglucomutase, fructokinase and sucrose synthase. In addition, ANK plants had significantly higher carbohydrate metabolism enzyme activities than WT plants. The differential expressed proteins (DEP) in seeds of two genotypes under salt priming were mainly related to homeostasis, electron transfer activity, photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism. Correlation network analysis showed that the expression of DEP under salt priming was significantly correlated to sucrose concentration and cytoplasmic peroxidase (POX) activity in WT, while that was correlated to various carbohydrate metabolism enzyme activities in ANK plants. These results indicated that the parental salt priming induced modulations of seed proteome regulated the ROS metabolism, photosynthetic carbon assimilation and carbohydrate metabolism, hence enhancing the low temperature tolerance in offspring wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Department of Biology, Xinzhou Teachers University, Xinzhou 034000, China
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Shuxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junhong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiangnan Li
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Eco-agriculture in Water Source of Liaoheyuan, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China.
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Rice Plants (Oryza sativa L.) under Cd Stress in Fe Deficiency Conditions. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:7425085. [PMID: 35978638 PMCID: PMC9377925 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7425085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Due to the environment pollution by cadmium (Cd) near industrial metallurgic factories and the widespread use of phosphorus fertilizers, the problem of toxic Cd effect on plants is well discussed by many authors, but the phytotoxicity of Cd under iron (Fe) deficiency stress has not been sufficiently studied. The aim of the work was to study comprehensively the effect of Cd under Fe deficiency conditions on physiological, biochemical, and anatomical parameters of rice varieties, to identify varietal differences in plant response to the effect of double stress. Relative resistance and sensitivity to the joint effect of Cd and Fe deficiency stress rice varieties have been identified. Double stress decreased a linear growth and biomass accumulation of roots and shoots (by 36-50% and 33-46% and 32-56% and 32-48%, accordingly), content of photosynthetic pigments (Chla, Chlb, and carotenoids by 36-51%, 32-47%, and 64-78%, accordingly), and relative water content (by 18-26%). Proline content increased by 28-103% in all rice varieties, but to a lesser extent in sensitive varieties. The thickness of the lower and upper epidermis and the diameter of vascular bundles of leaves decreased by 18-50%, 46-60%, and 13-48%, accordingly. The thickness of the root endodermis and exodermis and diameter of the central cylinder mainly decreased. The thickness of the exodermis increased slightly by 7%, and the diameter of the central cylinder remained at the control level in resistant Madina variety while in sensitive Chapsari variety, these indicators decreased significantly by 50 and 45%, accordingly. Thus, the aggravation of adverse effect of Cd under Fe deficiency conditions and the varietal specificity of plants' response to double stress were shown. It creates the need for further study of these rice varieties using Fe to identify mechanisms for reducing the toxic effect of Cd on plants as well as the study of Fe and Cd transporter genes at the molecular level.
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Tomás D, Viegas W, Silva M. Grain Transcriptome Dynamics Induced by Heat in Commercial and Traditional Bread Wheat Genotypes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:842599. [PMID: 35783979 PMCID: PMC9248373 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.842599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
High temperature (HT) events have negative impact on wheat grains yield and quality. Transcriptome profiles of wheat developing grains of commercial genotypes (Antequera and Bancal) and landraces (Ardito and Magueija) submitted to heatwave-like treatments during grain filling were evaluated. Landraces showed significantly more differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and presented more similar responses than commercial genotypes. DEGs were more associated with transcription and RNA and protein synthesis in Antequera and with metabolism alterations in Bancal and landraces. Landraces upregulated genes encoding proteins already described as HT responsive, like heat shock proteins and cupins. Apart from the genes encoding HSP, two other genes were upregulated in all genotypes, one encoding for Adenylate kinase, essential for the cellular homeostasis, and the other for ferritin, recently related with increased tolerance to several abiotic stress in Arabidopsis. Moreover, a NAC transcription factor involved in plant development, known to be a negative regulator of starch synthesis and grain yield, was found to be upregulated in both commercial varieties and downregulated in Magueija landrace. The detected diversity of molecular processes involved in heat response of commercial and traditional genotypes contribute to understand the importance of genetic diversity and relevant pathways to cope with these extreme events.
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Hsieh EJ, Lin WD, Schmidt W. Genomically Hardwired Regulation of Gene Activity Orchestrates Cellular Iron Homeostasis in Arabidopsis. RNA Biol 2021; 19:143-161. [PMID: 35067184 PMCID: PMC8786333 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2021.2024024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient which plays pivotal roles as electron donor and catalyst across organisms. In plants, variable, often insufficient Fe supply necessitates mechanisms that constantly attune Fe uptake rates and recalibrate cellular Fe homoeostasis. Here, we show that short-term (0.5, 6, and 12 h) exposure of Arabidopsis thaliana plants to Fe deficiency triggered massive changes in gene activity governed by transcription and alternative splicing (AS), regulatory layers that were to a large extent mutually exclusive. Such preclusion was not observed for genes that are directly involved in the acquisition of Fe, which appears to be concordantly regulated by both expression and AS. Generally, genes with lower splice site strengths and higher intron numbers were more likely to be regulated by AS, no dependence on gene architecture was observed for transcriptionally controlled genes. Conspicuously, specific processes were associated with particular genomic features and biased towards either regulatory mode, suggesting that genomic hardwiring is functionally biased. Early changes in splicing patterns were, in many cases, congruent with later changes in transcript or protein abundance, thus contributing to the pronounced transcriptome-proteome discordance observed in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Jung Hsieh
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Dar Lin
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Transcriptomic Changes in Internode Explants of Stinging Nettle during Callogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212319. [PMID: 34830202 PMCID: PMC8618292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Callogenesis, the process during which explants derived from differentiated plant tissues are subjected to a trans-differentiation step characterized by the proliferation of a mass of cells, is fundamental to indirect organogenesis and the establishment of cell suspension cultures. Therefore, understanding how callogenesis takes place is helpful to plant tissue culture, as well as to plant biotechnology and bioprocess engineering. The common herbaceous plant stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L.) is a species producing cellulosic fibres (the bast fibres) and a whole array of phytochemicals for pharmacological, nutraceutical and cosmeceutical use. Thus, it is of interest as a potential multi-purpose plant. In this study, callogenesis in internode explants of a nettle fibre clone (clone 13) was studied using RNA-Seq to understand which gene ontologies predominate at different time points. Callogenesis was induced with the plant growth regulators α-napthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 6-benzyl aminopurine (BAP) after having determined their optimal concentrations. The process was studied over a period of 34 days, a time point at which a well-visible callus mass developed on the explants. The bioinformatic analysis of the transcriptomic dataset revealed specific gene ontologies characterizing each of the four time points investigated (0, 1, 10 and 34 days). The results show that, while the advanced stage of callogenesis is characterized by the iron deficiency response triggered by the high levels of reactive oxygen species accumulated by the proliferating cell mass, the intermediate and early phases are dominated by ontologies related to the immune response and cell wall loosening, respectively.
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Kohlhase DR, McCabe CE, Singh AK, O’Rourke JA, Graham MA. Comparing Early Transcriptomic Responses of 18 Soybean ( Glycine max) Genotypes to Iron Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11643. [PMID: 34769077 PMCID: PMC8583884 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC) is an abiotic stress that negatively affects soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) production. Much of our knowledge of IDC stress responses is derived from model plant species. Gene expression, quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) performed in soybean suggest that stress response differences exist between model and crop species. Our current understanding of the molecular response to IDC in soybeans is largely derived from gene expression studies using near-isogenic lines differing in iron efficiency. To improve iron efficiency in soybeans and other crops, we need to expand gene expression studies to include the diversity present in germplasm collections. Therefore, we collected 216 purified RNA samples (18 genotypes, two tissue types [leaves and roots], two iron treatments [sufficient and deficient], three replicates) and used RNA sequencing to examine the expression differences of 18 diverse soybean genotypes in response to iron deficiency. We found a rapid response to iron deficiency across genotypes, most responding within 60 min of stress. There was little evidence of an overlap of specific differentially expressed genes, and comparisons of gene ontology terms and transcription factor families suggest the utilization of different pathways in the stress response. These initial findings suggest an untapped genetic potential within the soybean germplasm collection that could be used for the continued improvement of iron efficiency in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Kohlhase
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (D.R.K.); (A.K.S.)
| | - Chantal E. McCabe
- U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)—Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| | - Asheesh K. Singh
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (D.R.K.); (A.K.S.)
| | - Jamie A. O’Rourke
- U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)—Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| | - Michelle A. Graham
- U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)—Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
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Kim LJ, Tsuyuki KM, Hu F, Park EY, Zhang J, Iraheta JG, Chia JC, Huang R, Tucker AE, Clyne M, Castellano C, Kim A, Chung DD, DaVeiga CT, Parsons EM, Vatamaniuk OK, Jeong J. Ferroportin 3 is a dual-targeted mitochondrial/chloroplast iron exporter necessary for iron homeostasis in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:215-236. [PMID: 33884692 PMCID: PMC8316378 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria and chloroplasts are organelles with high iron demand that are particularly susceptible to iron-induced oxidative stress. Despite the necessity of strict iron regulation in these organelles, much remains unknown about mitochondrial and chloroplast iron transport in plants. Here, we propose that Arabidopsis ferroportin 3 (FPN3) is an iron exporter that is dual-targeted to mitochondria and chloroplasts. FPN3 is expressed in shoots, regardless of iron conditions, but its transcripts accumulate under iron deficiency in roots. fpn3 mutants cannot grow as well as the wild type under iron-deficient conditions and their shoot iron levels are lower compared with the wild type. Analyses of iron homeostasis gene expression in fpn3 mutants and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) measurements show that iron levels in the mitochondria and chloroplasts are increased relative to the wild type, consistent with the proposed role of FPN3 as a mitochondrial/plastid iron exporter. In iron-deficient fpn3 mutants, abnormal mitochondrial ultrastructure was observed, whereas chloroplast ultrastructure was not affected, implying that FPN3 plays a critical role in the mitochondria. Overall, our study suggests that FPN3 is essential for optimal iron homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah J. Kim
- Department of Biology, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002
| | | | - Fengling Hu
- Department of Biology, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002
| | - Emily Y. Park
- Department of Biology, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- Department of Biology, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002
| | | | - Ju-Chen Chia
- Soil and Crop Sciences Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Rong Huang
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Avery E. Tucker
- Department of Biology, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002
| | - Madeline Clyne
- Department of Biology, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002
| | - Claire Castellano
- Department of Biology, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002
| | - Angie Kim
- Department of Biology, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002
| | - Daniel D. Chung
- Department of Biology, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002
| | | | | | - Olena K. Vatamaniuk
- Soil and Crop Sciences Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Jeeyon Jeong
- Department of Biology, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002
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Insights into role of STP13 in sugar driven signaling that leads to decrease in photosynthesis in dicot legume crop model (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under Fe and Zn stress. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:2527-2531. [PMID: 33783682 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06295-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Mineral (Fe/Zn) stress significantly affects fundamental metabolic and physiological responses in plants that results in reduction of plant growth and development. Deficiency of these micronutrients leads to inhibition of photosynthesis by having impact on various crucial biological processes like protein synthesis, primary and secondary metabolism and carbohydrate partitioning between source and sink tissues. In the present study, common bean variety Shalimar French Bean-1 (SFB-1) plants were used as an experimental material and were grown under in vitro condition on four different MGRL media i.e. normal MGRL medium (Control), MGRL without Fe (0-Fe), MGRL without Zinc (0-Zn) and MGRL with excess Zn (300-Zn) for 21 days under optimum conditions. Shoot and root tissues from all the treatments were harvested and further subjected to estimation of total chlorophyll, total sugar and extraction of total RNA for differential gene expression of sugar transporter 13 (STP13). We observed significant decrease in total chlorophyll content in samples harvested from mineral stress plants. However, the concentration of total sugar and fold expression of STP13 gene was significantly higher in shoots of Fe/Zn stressed and in roots of 300-Zn plants. We observed higher accumulation of sugar under stress condition that correlated with high expression of sugar transporter 13 (STP 13). Further, we observed decrease in the chlorophyll content under stress conditions. Based on these findings, we propose the role of sugar driven signaling in decreasing photosynthesis in case of common bean. The decrease in photosynthesis is confirmed by observing significant decrease in chlorophyll content in stressed plants.
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Grosjean N, Blaby-Haas CE. Leveraging computational genomics to understand the molecular basis of metal homeostasis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 228:1472-1489. [PMID: 32696981 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Genome-based data is helping to reveal the diverse strategies plants and algae use to maintain metal homeostasis. In addition to acquisition, distribution and storage of metals, acclimating to feast or famine can involve a wealth of genes that we are just now starting to understand. The fast-paced acquisition of genome-based data, however, is far outpacing our ability to experimentally characterize protein function. Computational genomic approaches are needed to fill the gap between what is known and unknown. To avoid misconstruing bioinformatically derived data, which is the root cause of the inaccurate functional annotations that plague databases, functional inferences from diverse sources and contextualization of that evidence with a robust understanding of protein family evolution is needed. Phylogenomic- and comparative-genomic-based studies can aid in the interpretation of experimental data or provide a spark for the discovery of a new function. These analyses not only lead to novel insight into a target protein's function but can generate thought-provoking insights across protein families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Grosjean
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
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Li Y, Zhang Q, Yu Y, Li X, Tan H. Integrated proteomics, metabolomics and physiological analyses for dissecting the toxic effects of halosulfuron-methyl on soybean seedlings (Glycine max merr.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 157:303-315. [PMID: 33157422 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Halosulfuron methyl (HSM) is a herbicide widely used to control sedge and broad-leaved weeds during crop production, but its environmental residue may damage non-target crops. Here, proteomics and metabolomics methods were used to explore the phytotoxicity mechanisms of HSM against soybean (Glycine max Merr.). Soybean seedlings were exposed to 0.01, 0.05 and 0.5 mg/L HSM for 8 d. The HSM applications significantly reduced chlorophyll and carotenoid contents in HSM-treated seedlings. Additionally, chlorophyll a fluorescence was seriously affected. The glutathione, hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde contents, as well as antioxidant enzyme activities, significantly increased in seedlings exposed to HSM. Furthermore, five enzymes involved in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, aconitase, malic dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase, were inhibited to varying degrees in HSM-treated seedlings compared with controls. Proteomics results showed multiple differentially abundant proteins involved in chlorophyll synthesis, photosystem processes and chloroplast ATP synthetase were down-regulated. Metabolomics analyses revealed that metabolites involved in the TCA cycle decreased significantly. Moreover, metabolites and proteins related to reactive oxygen species detoxification accumulated. In conclusion, the phytotoxicity mechanisms of HSM against soybean mainly act by damaging the photosynthetic machinery, inhibiting chlorophyll synthesis, interrupting the TCA cycle and causing oxidative stress. These results provide new insights into the toxicity mechanisms of sulfonylurea herbicides against non-target crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfu Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Qiannan Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Yinfang Yu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Xuesheng Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Huihua Tan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China.
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Kroh GE, Pilon M. Iron deficiency and the loss of chloroplast iron-sulfur cluster assembly trigger distinct transcriptome changes in Arabidopsis rosettes. Metallomics 2020; 12:1748-1764. [PMID: 33047775 DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00175a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of mRNA abundance revealed a genetic program for plant leaf acclimation to iron (Fe) limitation. The transcript for SUFB, a key component of the plastid iron-sulfur (Fe-S) assembly pathway is down-regulated early after Fe deficiency, and prior to down-regulation of mRNAs encoding abundant chloroplast Fe containing proteins, which should economize the use of Fe. What controls this system is unclear. We utilized RNA-seq. aimed to identify differentially expressed transcripts that are co-regulated with SUFB after Fe deficiency in leaves. To distinguish if lack of Fe or lack of Fe-S cofactors and associated loss of enzymatic and photosynthetic activity trigger transcriptome reprogramming, WT plants on low Fe were compared with an inducible sufb-RNAi knockdown. Fe deficiency targeted a limited set of genes and predominantly affected transcripts for chloroplast localized proteins. A set of glutaredoxin transcripts was concertedly down-regulated early after Fe deficiency, however when these same genes were down-regulated by RNAi the effect on known chloroplast Fe deficiency marker proteins was minimal. In promoters of differentially expressed genes, binding motifs for AP2/ERF transcription factors were most abundant and three AP2/ERF transcription factors were also differentially expressed early after low Fe treatment. Surprisingly, Fe deficiency in a WT on low Fe and a sufb-RNAi knockdown presented very little overlap in differentially expressed genes. sufb-RNAi produced expression patterns expected for Fe excess and up-regulation of a transcript for another Fe-S assembly component not affected by low Fe. These findings indicate that Fe scarcity, not Fe utilization, triggers reprogramming of the transcriptome in leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen Elizabeth Kroh
- Biology Department, Colorado State University, 2515 W. Pitkin Street, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1878, USA.
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12
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Tsai HH, Schmidt W. pH-dependent transcriptional profile changes in iron-deficient Arabidopsis roots. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:694. [PMID: 33023472 PMCID: PMC7539395 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07116-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Iron is an essential element for plants and abundantly present in most mineral soils. The mobility of iron is, however, dependent on the redox potential and hydrogen activity (pH) of the soil, factors that may limit its availability to plants in particular at alkaline pHs. Iron deficiency triggers pronounced changes in the transcriptional profile of plants, inducing processes that aid in the acquisition, uptake, and translocation of iron. How ambient pH impact the transcriptional iron deficiency response has not yet been elucidated in detail. Results Here, we provide an RNA-seq data set that catalogs global gene expression changes of iron-deficient plants grown at either optimal (5.5) or high (7.0) pH. A suite of 857 genes changed significantly and more than twofold in expression; only 54 genes of this suite were also differentially expressed between iron-deficient and iron-sufficient plants grown at pH 5.5. Among the high pH-responsive genes, 186 were earlier shown to be responsive to short-term transfer to low pH, 91 genes of this subset were anti-directionally regulated by high and low pH. The latter subset contained genes involved in cell wall organization, auxin homeostasis, and potential hubs of yet undefined signaling circuits. Growing iron-deficient plants at high pH also modulated the transcriptional iron deficiency response observed at pH 5.5 by compromising the enzymatic reduction of ferric chelates and favoring the production of iron-mobilizing coumarins. Conclusions It is concluded that ambient pH is an important determinant of global gene expression which tunes iron acquisition to the prevailing edaphic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huei-Hsuan Tsai
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan. .,Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan. .,Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
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Iron deficiency triggered transcriptome changes in bread wheat. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:2709-2722. [PMID: 33101609 PMCID: PMC7550799 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of complex transport, storage and regulation mechanisms control iron metabolism and thereby maintain iron homeostasis in plants. Despite several studies on iron deficiency responses in different plant species, these mechanisms remain unclear in the allohexaploid wheat, which is the most widely cultivated commercial crop. We used RNA sequencing to reveal transcriptomic changes in the wheat flag leaves and roots, when subjected to iron limited conditions. We identified 5969 and 2591 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the flag leaves and roots, respectively. Genes involved in the synthesis of iron ligands i.e., nicotianamine (NA) and deoxymugineic acid (DMA) were significantly up-regulated during iron deficiency. In total, 337 and 635 genes encoding transporters exhibited altered expression in roots and flag leaves, respectively. Several genes related to MAJOR FACILITATOR SUPERFAMILY (MFS), ATP-BINDING CASSETTE (ABC) transporter superfamily, NATURAL RESISTANCE ASSOCIATED MACROPHAGE PROTEIN (NRAMP) family and OLIGOPEPTIDE TRANSPORTER (OPT) family were regulated, indicating their important roles in combating iron deficiency stress. Among the regulatory factors, the genes encoding for transcription factors of BASIC HELIX-LOOP-HELIX (bHLH) family were highly up-regulated in both roots and the flag leaves. The jasmonate biosynthesis pathway was significantly altered but with notable expression differences between roots and flag leaves. Homoeologs expression and induction bias analysis revealed subgenome specific differential expression. Our findings provide an integrated overview on regulated molecular processes in response to iron deficiency stress in wheat. This information could potentially serve as a guideline for breeding iron deficiency stress tolerant crops as well as for designing appropriate wheat iron biofortification strategies.
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Key Words
- 3-HMA, 3-hydroxymugineic acid
- ABC, ATP-BINDING CASSETTE
- ACC, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate
- AEC, AUXIN EFFLUX CARRIER
- AOC, ALLENE OXIDE CYCLASE
- AOS, ALLENE OXIDE SYNTHASE
- AQP, AQUAPORIN
- AVA, avenic acid
- DEGs, differentially expressed genes
- DMA, deoxymugineic acid
- DMAS, DEOXYMUGINEIC ACID SYNTHASE
- DPA, days post anthesis
- ERF, ETHYLENE-RESPONSIVE FACTOR
- FAD, FATTY ACID DESATURASE
- FDR, false discovery rate
- FIT, FER-LIKE IRON DEFICIENCY-INDUCED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR
- FRO, FERRIC REDUCTASE OXIDASE
- GCN, gene co-expression network
- GO, Gene ontology
- GSH, GLUTATHIONE
- HC, high confidence
- HMA, HEAVY METAL-ASSOCIATED
- IDE, iron deficiency-responsive cis-acting element
- IDEF, IDE BINDING FACTOR
- IHW, independent hypothesis weighting
- ILR3, IAA‐LEUCINE RESISTANT3
- IREG/FPN, IRON REGULATED PROTEIN/FERROPORTIN
- IRT1, IRON-REGULATED TRANSPORTER
- Iron deficiency
- Iron, Fe
- JAs, jasmonates
- JMT, JASMONATE O-METHYLTRANSFERASE
- KAT, 3-KETOACYL-COA THIOLASE
- LOX, LIPOXYGENASE
- MA, mugineic acid
- MATE, MULTI ANTIMICROBIAL EXTRUSION PROTEIN
- MFS, MAJOR FACILITATOR SUPERFAMILY
- MRP, MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE PROTEIN
- MT, METALLOTHIONEIN
- NA, nicotianamine
- NAAT, NICOTIANAMINE AMINOTRANSFERASE
- NAC, NO APICAL MERISTEM (NAM)/ARABIDOPSIS TRANSCRIPTION ACTIVATION FACTOR (ATAF)/CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON (CUC)
- NAS, NICOTIANAMINE SYNTHASE
- NRAMP, NATURAL RESISTANCE ASSOCIATED MACROPHAGE PROTEIN
- NRT1/PTR, NITRATE TRANSPORTER 1/PEPTIDE TRANSPORTER
- OPCL, 4-COUMARATE COA LIGASE
- OPR, 12-OXOPHYTODIENOATE REDUCTASE
- OPT, OLIGOPEPTIDE TRANSPORTER
- PDR, PLEIOTROPIC DRUG RESISTANCE
- PLA, PHOSPHOLIPASE A1
- PRI, POSITIVE REGULATOR OF IRON DEFICIENCY RESPONSE
- PSs, phytosiderophores
- PT, peptide transport
- PYE, POPEYE
- RNA sequencing
- SAM, S-adenosyl-L-methionine
- SAMS, S-ADENOSYL-L-METHIONINE SYNTHETASE
- SLC40A1, SOLUTE CARRIER FAMILY 40 MEMBER 1
- SWEET, SUGARS WILL EVENTUALLY BE EXPORTED TRANSPORTERS
- TOM, TRANSPORTER OF MUGINEIC ACID
- Transcriptomic profiles
- VIT, VACUOLAR IRON TRANSPORTER
- Wheat
- YSL, YELLOW STRIPE LIKE
- ZIFL, ZINC INDUCED FACILITATOR-LIKE
- ZIP, ZINC/IRON PERMEASE
- bHLH, BASIC HELIX-LOOP-HELIX
- bZIP, BASIC LEUCINE ZIPPER
- epiHDMA, 3-epihydroxy-2′-deoxymugineic acid
- epiHMA, 3-epihydroxymugineic acid
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Kroh GE, Pilon M. Regulation of Iron Homeostasis and Use in Chloroplasts. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3395. [PMID: 32403383 PMCID: PMC7247011 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is essential for life because of its role in protein cofactors. Photosynthesis, in particular photosynthetic electron transport, has a very high demand for Fe cofactors. Fe is commonly limiting in the environment, and therefore photosynthetic organisms must acclimate to Fe availability and avoid stress associated with Fe deficiency. In plants, adjustment of metabolism, of Fe utilization, and gene expression, is especially important in the chloroplasts during Fe limitation. In this review, we discuss Fe use, Fe transport, and mechanisms of acclimation to Fe limitation in photosynthetic lineages with a focus on the photosynthetic electron transport chain. We compare Fe homeostasis in Cyanobacteria, the evolutionary ancestors of chloroplasts, with Fe homeostasis in green algae and in land plants in order to provide a deeper understanding of how chloroplasts and photosynthesis may cope with Fe limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marinus Pilon
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University Department of Biology, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;
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Vissenberg K, Claeijs N, Balcerowicz D, Schoenaers S. Hormonal regulation of root hair growth and responses to the environment in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:2412-2427. [PMID: 31993645 PMCID: PMC7178432 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The main functions of plant roots are water and nutrient uptake, soil anchorage, and interaction with soil-living biota. Root hairs, single cell tubular extensions of root epidermal cells, facilitate or enhance these functions by drastically enlarging the absorptive surface. Root hair development is constantly adapted to changes in the root's surroundings, allowing for optimization of root functionality in heterogeneous soil environments. The underlying molecular pathway is the result of a complex interplay between position-dependent signalling and feedback loops. Phytohormone signalling interconnects this root hair signalling cascade with biotic and abiotic changes in the rhizosphere, enabling dynamic hormone-driven changes in root hair growth, density, length, and morphology. This review critically discusses the influence of the major plant hormones on root hair development, and how changes in rhizosphere properties impact on the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris Vissenberg
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology Lab, Department of Agriculture, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Stavromenos PC, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Naomi Claeijs
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Daria Balcerowicz
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sébastjen Schoenaers
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Kaur G, Shukla V, Kumar A, Kaur M, Goel P, Singh P, Shukla A, Meena V, Kaur J, Singh J, Mantri S, Rouached H, Pandey AK. Integrative analysis of hexaploid wheat roots identifies signature components during iron starvation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:6141-6161. [PMID: 31738431 PMCID: PMC6859736 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient for all organisms. In crop plants, Fe deficiency can decrease crop yield significantly; however, our current understanding of how major crops respond to Fe deficiency remains limited. Herein, the effect of Fe deprivation at both the transcriptomic and metabolic level in hexaploid wheat was investigated. Genome-wide gene expression reprogramming was observed in wheat roots subjected to Fe starvation, with a total of 5854 genes differentially expressed. Homoeologue and subgenome-specific analysis unveiled the induction-biased contribution from the A and B genomes. In general, the predominance of genes coding for nicotianamine synthase, yellow stripe-like transporters, metal transporters, ABC transporters, and zinc-induced facilitator-like protein was noted. Expression of genes related to the Strategy II mode of Fe uptake was also predominant. Our transcriptomic data were in agreement with the GC-MS analysis that showed the enhanced accumulation of various metabolites such as fumarate, malonate, succinate, and xylofuranose, which could be contributing to Fe mobilization. Interestingly, Fe starvation leads to a significant temporal increase of glutathione S-transferase at both the transcriptional level and enzymatic activity level, which indicates the involvement of glutathione in response to Fe stress in wheat roots. Taken together, our result provides new insight into the wheat response to Fe starvation at the molecular level and lays the foundation to design new strategies for the improvement of Fe nutrition in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gazaldeep Kaur
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (Department of Biotechnology), Mohali, Punjab, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vishnu Shukla
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (Department of Biotechnology), Mohali, Punjab, India
- University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (Department of Biotechnology), Mohali, Punjab, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Mandeep Kaur
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (Department of Biotechnology), Mohali, Punjab, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Parul Goel
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (Department of Biotechnology), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Palvinder Singh
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (Department of Biotechnology), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Anuj Shukla
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (Department of Biotechnology), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Varsha Meena
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (Department of Biotechnology), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Jaspreet Kaur
- University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jagtar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shrikant Mantri
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (Department of Biotechnology), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Hatem Rouached
- BPMP, Université de Montpellier, INRA, CNRS, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Ajay Kumar Pandey
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (Department of Biotechnology), Mohali, Punjab, India
- Correspondence: or
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Lucena C, Porras R, García MJ, Alcántara E, Pérez-Vicente R, Zamarreño ÁM, Bacaicoa E, García-Mina JM, Smith AP, Romera FJ. Ethylene and Phloem Signals Are Involved in the Regulation of Responses to Fe and P Deficiencies in Roots of Strategy I Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1237. [PMID: 31649701 PMCID: PMC6795750 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) and phosphorus (P) are two essential mineral nutrients whose acquisition by plants presents important environmental and economic implications. Both elements are abundant in most soils but scarcely available to plants. To prevent Fe or P deficiency dicot plants initiate morphological and physiological responses in their roots aimed to specifically acquire these elements. The existence of common signals in Fe and P deficiency pathways suggests the signaling factors must act in conjunction with distinct nutrient-specific signals in order to confer tolerance to each deficiency. Previous works have shown the existence of cross talk between responses to Fe and P deficiency, but details of the associated signaling pathways remain unclear. Herein, the impact of foliar application of either P or Fe on P and Fe responses was studied in P- or Fe-deficient plants of Arabidopsis thaliana, including mutants exhibiting altered Fe or P homeostasis. Ferric reductase and acid phosphatase activities in roots were determined as well as the expression of genes related to P and Fe acquisition. The results obtained showed that Fe deficiency induces the expression of P acquisition genes and phosphatase activity, whereas P deficiency induces the expression of Fe acquisition genes and ferric reductase activity, although only transitorily. Importantly, these responses were reversed upon foliar application of either Fe or P on nutrient-starved plants. Taken together, the results reveal interactions between P- and Fe-related phloem signals originating in the shoots that likely interact with hormones in the roots to initiate adaptive mechanisms to tolerate deficiency of each nutrient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Lucena
- Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - María J. García
- Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Esteban Alcántara
- Department of Agronomy, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rafael Pérez-Vicente
- Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ángel M. Zamarreño
- Department of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona (Navarra), Spain
| | - Eva Bacaicoa
- Department of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona (Navarra), Spain
| | - José M. García-Mina
- Department of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona (Navarra), Spain
| | - Aaron P. Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Francisco J. Romera
- Department of Agronomy, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
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Wang M, Kawakami Y, Bhullar NK. Molecular Analysis of Iron Deficiency Response in Hexaploid Wheat. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2019.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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19
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Valentinuzzi F, Venuti S, Pii Y, Marroni F, Cesco S, Hartmann F, Mimmo T, Morgante M, Pinton R, Tomasi N, Zanin L. Common and specific responses to iron and phosphorus deficiencies in roots of apple tree (Malus × domestica). PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 101:129-148. [PMID: 31267256 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00896-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Iron and phosphorus are abundant elements in soils but poorly available for plant nutrition. The availability of these two nutrients represents a major constraint for fruit tree cultivation such as apple (Malus × domestica) leading very often to a decrease of fruit productivity and quality worsening. Aim of this study was to characterize common and specific features of plant response to Fe and P deficiencies by ionomic, transcriptomic and exudation profiling of apple roots. Under P deficiency, the root release of oxalate and flavonoids increased. Genes encoding for transcription factors and transporters involved in the synthesis and release of root exudates were upregulated by P-deficient roots, as well as those directly related to P acquisition. In Fe-deficiency, plants showed an over-accumulation of P, Zn, Cu and Mn and induced the transcription of those genes involved in the mechanisms for the release of Fe-chelating compounds and Fe mobilization inside the plants. The intriguing modulation in roots of some transcription factors, might indicate that, in this condition, Fe homeostasis is regulated by a FIT-independent pathway. In the present work common and specific features of apple response to Fe and P deficiency has been reported. In particular, data indicate similar modulation of a. 230 genes, suggesting the occurrence of a crosstalk between the two nutritional responses involving the transcriptional regulation, shikimate pathway, and the root release of exudates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Valentinuzzi
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Silvia Venuti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroambientali, Alimentari e Animali, University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Youry Pii
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Fabio Marroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroambientali, Alimentari e Animali, University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Stefano Cesco
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Felix Hartmann
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Tanja Mimmo
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Michele Morgante
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroambientali, Alimentari e Animali, University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Roberto Pinton
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroambientali, Alimentari e Animali, University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Nicola Tomasi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroambientali, Alimentari e Animali, University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy.
| | - Laura Zanin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroambientali, Alimentari e Animali, University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy
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Buckner E, Madison I, Chou H, Matthiadis A, Melvin CE, Sozzani R, Williams C, Long TA. Automated Imaging, Tracking, and Analytics Pipeline for Differentiating Environmental Effects on Root Meristematic Cell Division. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1487. [PMID: 31803217 PMCID: PMC6877711 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of plants to abiotic stresses, whether individually or in combination, triggers dynamic changes to gene regulation. These responses induce distinct changes in phenotypic characteristics, enabling the plant to adapt to changing environments. For example, iron deficiency and heat stress have been shown to alter root development by reducing primary root growth and reducing cell proliferation, respectively. Currently, identifying the dynamic temporal coordination of genetic responses to combined abiotic stresses remains a bottleneck. This is, in part, due to an inability to isolate specific intervals in developmental time where differential activity in plant stress responses plays a critical role. Here, we observed that iron deficiency, in combination with temporary heat stress, suppresses the expression of iron deficiency-responsive pPYE::LUC (POPEYE::luciferase) and pBTS::LUC (BRUTUS::luciferase) reporter genes. Moreover, root growth was suppressed less under combined iron deficiency and heat stress than under either single stress condition. To further explore the interaction between pathways, we also created a computer vision pipeline to extract, analyze, and compare high-dimensional dynamic spatial and temporal cellular data in response to heat and iron deficiency stress conditions at high temporal resolution. Specifically, we used fluorescence light sheet microscopy to image Arabidopsis thaliana roots expressing CYCB1;1:GFP, a marker for cell entry into mitosis, every 20 min for 24 h exposed to either iron sufficiency, iron deficiency, heat stress, or combined iron deficiency and heat stress. Our pipeline extracted spatiotemporal metrics from these time-course data. These metrics showed that the persistency and timing of CYCB1;1:GFP signal were uniquely different under combined iron deficiency and heat stress conditions versus the single stress conditions. These metrics also indicated that the spatiotemporal characteristics of the CYCB1;1:GFP signal under combined stress were more dissimilar to the control response than the response seen under iron deficiency for the majority of the 24-h experiment. Moreover, the combined stress response was less dissimilar to the control than the response seen under heat stress. This indicated that pathways activated when the plant is exposed to both iron deficiency and heat stress affected CYCB1;1:GFP spatiotemporal function antagonistically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Buckner
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Imani Madison
- Plant and Microbial Biology Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Hsuan Chou
- Plant and Microbial Biology Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Anna Matthiadis
- Plant and Microbial Biology Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Charles E. Melvin
- Plant and Microbial Biology Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Rosangela Sozzani
- Plant and Microbial Biology Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Cranos Williams
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Cranos Williams, ; Terri A. Long,
| | - Terri A. Long
- Plant and Microbial Biology Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Cranos Williams, ; Terri A. Long,
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Hu Y, Zhu YF, Guo AX, Jia XM, Cheng L, Zhao T, Wang YX. Transcriptome analysis in Malus halliana roots in response to iron deficiency reveals insight into sugar regulation. Mol Genet Genomics 2018; 293:1523-1534. [PMID: 30101382 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-018-1479-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) deficiency is a frequent nutritional problem limiting apple production in calcareous soils. The utilization of rootstock that is resistant to Fe deficiency is an effective way to solve this problem. Malus halliana is an Fe deficiency-tolerant rootstock; however, few molecular studies have been conducted on M. halliana. In the present work, a transcriptome analysis was combined with qRT-PCR and sugar measurements to investigate Fe deficiency responses in M. halliana roots at 0 h (T1), 12 h (T2) and 72 h (T3) after Fe deficiency stress. Total of 2473, 661, and 776 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the pairs of T2 vs. T1, T3 vs. T1, and T3 vs. T2, respectively. Several DEGs were enriched in the photosynthesis, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, tyrosine metabolism and fatty acid degradation pathways. The glycolysis and photosynthesis pathways were upregulated under Fe deficiency. In this experiment, sucrose accumulated in Fe-deficient roots and leaves. However, the glucose content significantly decreased in the roots, while the fructose content significantly decreased in the leaves. Additionally, 15 genes related to glycolysis and sugar synthesis and sugar transport were selected to validate the accuracy of the transcriptome data by qRT-PCR. Overall, these results indicated that sugar synthesis and metabolism in the roots were affected by Fe deficiency. Sugar regulation is a way by which M. halliana responds to Fe deficiency stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Hu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yan-Fang Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ai-Xia Guo
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xu-Mei Jia
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Li Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Tong Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yan-Xiu Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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Pierella Karlusich JJ, Carrillo N. Evolution of the acceptor side of photosystem I: ferredoxin, flavodoxin, and ferredoxin-NADP + oxidoreductase. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2017; 134:235-250. [PMID: 28150152 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0338-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The development of oxygenic photosynthesis by primordial cyanobacteria ~2.7 billion years ago led to major changes in the components and organization of photosynthetic electron transport to cope with the challenges of an oxygen-enriched atmosphere. We review herein, following the seminal contributions as reported by Jaganathan et al. (Functional genomics and evolution of photosynthetic systems, vol 33, advances in photosynthesis and respiration, Springer, Dordrecht, 2012), how these changes affected carriers and enzymes at the acceptor side of photosystem I (PSI): the electron shuttle ferredoxin (Fd), its isofunctional counterpart flavodoxin (Fld), their redox partner ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase (FNR), and the primary PSI acceptors F x and F A/F B. Protection of the [4Fe-4S] centers of these proteins from oxidative damage was achieved by strengthening binding between the F A/F B polypeptide and the reaction center core containing F x, therefore impairing O2 access to the clusters. Immobilization of F A/F B in the PSI complex led in turn to the recruitment of new soluble electron shuttles. This function was fulfilled by oxygen-insensitive [2Fe-2S] Fd, in which the reactive sulfide atoms of the cluster are shielded from solvent by the polypeptide backbone, and in some algae and cyanobacteria by Fld, which employs a flavin as prosthetic group and is tolerant to oxidants and iron limitation. Tight membrane binding of FNR allowed solid-state electron transfer from PSI bridged by Fd/Fld. Fine tuning of FNR catalytic mechanism led to formidable increases in turnover rates compared with FNRs acting in heterotrophic pathways, favoring Fd/Fld reduction instead of oxygen reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan José Pierella Karlusich
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-UNR/CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Ocampo y Esmeralda, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Néstor Carrillo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-UNR/CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Ocampo y Esmeralda, 2000, Rosario, Argentina.
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Rouached H, Rhee SY. System-level understanding of plant mineral nutrition in the big data era. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coisb.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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24
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Yu H, Yang J, Shi Y, Donelson J, Thompson SM, Sprague S, Roshan T, Wang DL, Liu J, Park S, Nakata PA, Connolly EL, Hirschi KD, Grusak MA, Cheng N. Arabidopsis Glutaredoxin S17 Contributes to Vegetative Growth, Mineral Accumulation, and Redox Balance during Iron Deficiency. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1045. [PMID: 28674546 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01045/full] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential mineral nutrient and a metal cofactor required for many proteins and enzymes involved in the processes of DNA synthesis, respiration, and photosynthesis. Iron limitation can have detrimental effects on plant growth and development. Such effects are mediated, at least in part, through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Thus, plants have evolved a complex regulatory network to respond to conditions of iron limitations. However, the mechanisms that couple iron deficiency and oxidative stress responses are not fully understood. Here, we report the discovery that an Arabidopsis thaliana monothiol glutaredoxin S17 (AtGRXS17) plays a critical role in the plants ability to respond to iron deficiency stress and maintain redox homeostasis. In a yeast expression assay, AtGRXS17 was able to suppress the iron accumulation in yeast ScGrx3/ScGrx4 mutant cells. Genetic analysis indicated that plants with reduced AtGRXS17 expression were hypersensitive to iron deficiency and showed increased iron concentrations in mature seeds. Disruption of AtGRXS17 caused plant sensitivity to exogenous oxidants and increased ROS production under iron deficiency. Addition of reduced glutathione rescued the growth and alleviates the sensitivity of atgrxs17 mutants to iron deficiency. These findings suggest AtGRXS17 helps integrate redox homeostasis and iron deficiency responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yu
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, HoustonTX, United States
| | - Jian Yang
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, HoustonTX, United States
| | - Yafei Shi
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua, China
| | - Jimmonique Donelson
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, HoustonTX, United States
| | - Sean M Thompson
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College StationTX, United States
| | - Stuart Sprague
- Department of Horticulture, Forestry and Recreation Resources, Kansas State University, ManhattanKS, United States
| | - Tony Roshan
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, HoustonTX, United States
| | - Da-Li Wang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua, China
| | - Jianzhong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua, China
| | - Sunghun Park
- Department of Horticulture, Forestry and Recreation Resources, Kansas State University, ManhattanKS, United States
| | - Paul A Nakata
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, HoustonTX, United States
| | - Erin L Connolly
- Department of Plant Science, Penn State University, University ParkPA, United States
| | - Kendal D Hirschi
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, HoustonTX, United States
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Texas A&M University, College StationTX, United States
| | - Michael A Grusak
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, HoustonTX, United States
- USDA/ARS Red River Valley Agricultural Research Center, FargoND, United States
| | - Ninghui Cheng
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, HoustonTX, United States
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25
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Zanin L, Venuti S, Zamboni A, Varanini Z, Tomasi N, Pinton R. Transcriptional and physiological analyses of Fe deficiency response in maize reveal the presence of Strategy I components and Fe/P interactions. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:154. [PMID: 28193158 PMCID: PMC5307951 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3478-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Under limited iron (Fe) availability maize, a Strategy II plant, improves Fe acquisition through the release of phytosiderophores (PS) into the rhizosphere and the subsequent uptake of Fe-PS complexes into root cells. Occurrence of Strategy-I-like components and interactions with phosphorous (P) nutrition has been hypothesized based on molecular and physiological studies in grasses. Results In this report transcriptomic analysis (NimbleGen microarray) of Fe deficiency response revealed that maize roots modulated the expression levels of 724 genes (508 up- and 216 down-regulated, respectively). As expected, roots of Fe-deficient maize plants overexpressed genes involved in the synthesis and release of 2’-deoxymugineic acid (the main PS released by maize roots). A strong modulation of genes involved in regulatory aspects, Fe translocation, root morphological modification, primary metabolic pathways and hormonal metabolism was induced by the nutritional stress. Genes encoding transporters for Fe2+ (ZmNRAMP1) and P (ZmPHT1;7 and ZmPHO1) were also up-regulated under Fe deficiency. Fe-deficient maize plants accumulated higher amounts of P than the Fe-sufficient ones, both in roots and shoots. The supply of 1 μM 59Fe, as soluble (Fe-Citrate and Fe-PS) or sparingly soluble (Ferrihydrite) sources to deficient plants, caused a rapid down-regulation of genes coding for PS and Fe(III)-PS transport, as well as of ZmNRAMP1 and ZmPHT1;7. Levels of 32P absorption essentially followed the rates of 59Fe uptake in Fe-deficient plants during Fe resupply, suggesting that P accumulation might be regulated by Fe uptake in maize plants. Conclusions The transcriptional response to Fe-deficiency in maize roots confirmed the modulation of known genes involved in the Strategy II and revealed the presence of Strategy I components usually described in dicots. Moreover, data here presented provide evidence of a close relationship between two essential nutrients for plants, Fe and P, and highlight a key role played by Fe and P transporters to preserve the homeostasis of these two nutrients in maize plants. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3478-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Zanin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, I-33100, Udine, Italy.
| | - Silvia Venuti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, I-33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Anita Zamboni
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, University of Verona, Ca' Vignal 1- Strada Le Grazie 15, I-37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Zeno Varanini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, University of Verona, Ca' Vignal 1- Strada Le Grazie 15, I-37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Nicola Tomasi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, I-33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Roberto Pinton
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, I-33100, Udine, Italy
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26
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Vannozzi A, Donnini S, Vigani G, Corso M, Valle G, Vitulo N, Bonghi C, Zocchi G, Lucchin M. Transcriptional Characterization of a Widely-Used Grapevine Rootstock Genotype under Different Iron-Limited Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 7:1994. [PMID: 28105035 PMCID: PMC5214570 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Iron chlorosis is a serious deficiency that affects orchards and vineyards reducing quality and yield production. Chlorotic plants show abnormal photosynthesis and yellowing shoots. In grapevine iron uptake and homeostasis are most likely controlled by a mechanism known as "Strategy I," characteristic of non-graminaceous plants and based on a system of soil acidification, iron reduction and transporter-mediated uptake. Nowadays, grafting of varieties of economic interest on tolerant rootstocks is widely used practice against many biotic and abiotic stresses. Nevertheless, many interspecific rootstocks, and in particular those obtained by crossing exclusively non-vinifera genotypes, can show limited nutrient uptake and transport, in particular for what concerns iron. In the present study, 101.14, a commonly used rootstock characterized by susceptibility to iron chlorosis was subjected to both Fe-absence and Fe-limiting conditions. Grapevine plantlets were grown in control, Fe-deprived, and bicarbonate-supplemented hydroponic solutions. Whole transcriptome analyses, via mRNA-Seq, were performed on root apices of stressed and unstressed plants. Analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) confirmed that Strategy I is the mechanism responsible for iron uptake in grapevine, since many orthologs genes to the Arabidopsis "ferrome" were differentially regulated in stressed plant. Molecular differences in the plant responses to Fe absence and presence of bicarbonate were also identified indicating the two treatments are able to induce response-mechanisms only partially overlapping. Finally, we measured the expression of a subset of genes differentially expressed in 101.14 (such as IRT1, FERRITIN1, bHLH38/39) or known to be fundamental in the "strategy I" mechanism (AHA2 and FRO2) also in a tolerant rootstock (M1) finding important differences which could be responsible for the different degrees of tolerance observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Vannozzi
- Dipartimento di Agronomia Animali Alimenti Risorse Naturali e Ambiente, Università di PadovaLegnaro, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale per la Ricerca in Viticoltura ed EnologiaConegliano, Italy
| | - Silvia Donnini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università di MilanoMilano, Italy
| | - Gianpiero Vigani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università di MilanoMilano, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Corso
- Dipartimento di Agronomia Animali Alimenti Risorse Naturali e Ambiente, Università di PadovaLegnaro, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale per la Ricerca in Viticoltura ed EnologiaConegliano, Italy
| | - Giorgio Valle
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale per le Biotecnologie InnovativePadova, Italy
| | - Nicola Vitulo
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale per le Biotecnologie InnovativePadova, Italy
| | - Claudio Bonghi
- Dipartimento di Agronomia Animali Alimenti Risorse Naturali e Ambiente, Università di PadovaLegnaro, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale per la Ricerca in Viticoltura ed EnologiaConegliano, Italy
| | - Graziano Zocchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università di MilanoMilano, Italy
| | - Margherita Lucchin
- Dipartimento di Agronomia Animali Alimenti Risorse Naturali e Ambiente, Università di PadovaLegnaro, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale per la Ricerca in Viticoltura ed EnologiaConegliano, Italy
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27
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Li W, Lan P. The Understanding of the Plant Iron Deficiency Responses in Strategy I Plants and the Role of Ethylene in This Process by Omic Approaches. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:40. [PMID: 28174585 PMCID: PMC5259694 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential plant micronutrient but is toxic in excess. Fe deficiency chlorosis is a major constraint for plant growth and causes severe losses of crop yields and quality. Under Fe deficiency conditions, plants have developed sophisticated mechanisms to keep cellular Fe homeostasis via various physiological, morphological, metabolic, and gene expression changes to facilitate the availability of Fe. Ethylene has been found to be involved in the Fe deficiency responses of plants through pharmacological studies or by the use of ethylene mutants. However, how ethylene is involved in the regulations of Fe starvation responses remains not fully understood. Over the past decade, omics approaches, mainly focusing on the RNA and protein levels, have been used extensively to investigate global gene expression changes under Fe-limiting conditions, and thousands of genes have been found to be regulated by Fe status. Similarly, proteome profiles have uncovered several hallmark processes that help plants adapt to Fe shortage. To find out how ethylene participates in the Fe deficiency response and explore putatively novel regulators for further investigation, this review emphasizes the integration of those genes and proteins, derived from omics approaches, regulated both by Fe deficiency, and ethylene into a systemic network by gene co-expression analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China of Jiangsu Province, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing, China
| | - Ping Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Ping Lan
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28
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Yu H, Yang J, Shi Y, Donelson J, Thompson SM, Sprague S, Roshan T, Wang DL, Liu J, Park S, Nakata PA, Connolly EL, Hirschi KD, Grusak MA, Cheng N. Arabidopsis Glutaredoxin S17 Contributes to Vegetative Growth, Mineral Accumulation, and Redox Balance during Iron Deficiency. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1045. [PMID: 28674546 PMCID: PMC5474874 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential mineral nutrient and a metal cofactor required for many proteins and enzymes involved in the processes of DNA synthesis, respiration, and photosynthesis. Iron limitation can have detrimental effects on plant growth and development. Such effects are mediated, at least in part, through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Thus, plants have evolved a complex regulatory network to respond to conditions of iron limitations. However, the mechanisms that couple iron deficiency and oxidative stress responses are not fully understood. Here, we report the discovery that an Arabidopsis thaliana monothiol glutaredoxin S17 (AtGRXS17) plays a critical role in the plants ability to respond to iron deficiency stress and maintain redox homeostasis. In a yeast expression assay, AtGRXS17 was able to suppress the iron accumulation in yeast ScGrx3/ScGrx4 mutant cells. Genetic analysis indicated that plants with reduced AtGRXS17 expression were hypersensitive to iron deficiency and showed increased iron concentrations in mature seeds. Disruption of AtGRXS17 caused plant sensitivity to exogenous oxidants and increased ROS production under iron deficiency. Addition of reduced glutathione rescued the growth and alleviates the sensitivity of atgrxs17 mutants to iron deficiency. These findings suggest AtGRXS17 helps integrate redox homeostasis and iron deficiency responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yu
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, HoustonTX, United States
| | - Jian Yang
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, HoustonTX, United States
| | - Yafei Shi
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua, China
| | - Jimmonique Donelson
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, HoustonTX, United States
| | - Sean M. Thompson
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College StationTX, United States
| | - Stuart Sprague
- Department of Horticulture, Forestry and Recreation Resources, Kansas State University, ManhattanKS, United States
| | - Tony Roshan
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, HoustonTX, United States
| | - Da-Li Wang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua, China
| | - Jianzhong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua, China
| | - Sunghun Park
- Department of Horticulture, Forestry and Recreation Resources, Kansas State University, ManhattanKS, United States
| | - Paul A. Nakata
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, HoustonTX, United States
| | - Erin L. Connolly
- Department of Plant Science, Penn State University, University ParkPA, United States
| | - Kendal D. Hirschi
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, HoustonTX, United States
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Texas A&M University, College StationTX, United States
| | - Michael A. Grusak
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, HoustonTX, United States
- USDA/ARS Red River Valley Agricultural Research Center, FargoND, United States
| | - Ninghui Cheng
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, HoustonTX, United States
- *Correspondence: Ninghui Cheng,
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29
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Svoboda P, Janská A, Spiwok V, Prášil IT, Kosová K, Vítámvás P, Ovesná J. Global Scale Transcriptional Profiling of Two Contrasting Barley Genotypes Exposed to Moderate Drought Conditions: Contribution of Leaves and Crowns to Water Shortage Coping Strategies. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1958. [PMID: 28083001 PMCID: PMC5187378 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a serious threat for sustainable agriculture. Barley represents a species well adapted to environmental stresses including drought. To elucidate the adaptive mechanism of barley on transcriptional level we evaluated transcriptomic changes of two contrasting barley cultivars upon drought using the microarray technique on the level of leaves and crowns. Using bioinformatic tools, differentially expressed genes in treated vs. non-treated plants were identified. Both genotypes revealed tissue dehydration under drought conditions as shown at water saturation deficit and osmotic potential data; however, dehydration was more severe in Amulet than in drought-resistant Tadmor under the same ambient conditions. Performed analysis showed that Amulet enhanced expression of genes related to active plant growth and development, while Tadmor regarding the stimulated genes revealed conservative, water saving strategy. Common reactions of both genotypes and tissues included an induction of genes encoding several stress-responsive signaling proteins, transcription factors as well as effector genes encoding proteins directly involved in stress acclimation. In leaf, tolerant cultivar effectively stimulated mainly the expression of genes encoding proteins and enzymes involved in protein folding, sulfur metabolism, ROS detoxification or lipid biosynthesis and transport. The crown specific reaction of tolerant cultivar was an enhanced expression of genes encoding proteins and enzymes involved in cell wall lignification, ABRE-dependent abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, nucleosome remodeling, along with genes for numerous jasmonate induced proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Svoboda
- Division of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Crop Research InstitutePrague, Czechia
| | - Anna Janská
- Faculty of Science, Charles University in PraguePrague, Czechia
| | - Vojtěch Spiwok
- Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and TechnologyPrague, Czechia
| | - Ilja T. Prášil
- Division of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Crop Research InstitutePrague, Czechia
| | - Klára Kosová
- Division of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Crop Research InstitutePrague, Czechia
| | - Pavel Vítámvás
- Division of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Crop Research InstitutePrague, Czechia
| | - Jaroslava Ovesná
- Division of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Crop Research InstitutePrague, Czechia
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30
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Bobrownyzky J. Production of branched root hairs under progressive drought stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. CYTOL GENET+ 2016. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452716050030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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31
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Tian Q, Zhang X, Yang A, Wang T, Zhang WH. CIPK23 is involved in iron acquisition of Arabidopsis by affecting ferric chelate reductase activity. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 246:70-79. [PMID: 26993237 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Iron deficiency is one of the major limiting factors affecting quality and production of crops in calcareous soils. Numerous signaling molecules and transcription factors have been demonstrated to play a regulatory role in adaptation of plants to iron deficiency. However, the mechanisms underlying the iron deficiency-induced physiological processes remain to be fully dissected. Here, we demonstrated that the protein kinase CIPK23 was involved in iron acquisition. Lesion of CIPK23 rendered Arabidopsis mutants hypersensitive to iron deficiency, as evidenced by stronger chlorosis in young leaves and lower iron concentration than wild-type plants under iron-deficient conditions by down-regulating ferric chelate reductase activity. We found that iron deficiency evoked an increase in cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration and the elevated Ca(2+) would bind to CBL1/CBL9, leading to activation of CIPK23. These novel findings highlight the involvement of calcium-dependent CBL-CIPK23 complexes in the regulation of iron acquisition. Moreover, mutation of CIPK23 led to changes in contents of mineral elements, suggesting that CBL-CIPK23 complexes could be as "nutritional sensors" to sense and regulate the mineral homeostasis in Arabisopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuying Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - An Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Tianzuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Wen-Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China.
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32
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Zamboni A, Zanin L, Tomasi N, Avesani L, Pinton R, Varanini Z, Cesco S. Early transcriptomic response to Fe supply in Fe-deficient tomato plants is strongly influenced by the nature of the chelating agent. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:35. [PMID: 26742479 PMCID: PMC4705743 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-2331-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well known that in the rhizosphere soluble Fe sources available for plants are mainly represented by a mixture of complexes between the micronutrient and organic ligands such as carboxylates and phytosiderophores (PS) released by roots, as well as fractions of humified organic matter. The use by roots of these three natural Fe sources (Fe-citrate, Fe-PS and Fe complexed to water-extractable humic substances, Fe-WEHS) have been already studied at physiological level but the knowledge about the transcriptomic aspects is still lacking. RESULTS The (59)Fe concentration recorded after 24 h in tissues of tomato Fe-deficient plants supplied with (59)Fe complexed to WEHS reached values about 2 times higher than those measured in response to the supply with Fe-citrate and Fe-PS. However, after 1 h no differences among the three Fe-chelates were observed considering the (59)Fe concentration and the root Fe(III) reduction activity. A large-scale transcriptional analysis of root tissue after 1 h of Fe supply showed that Fe-WEHS modulated only two transcripts leaving the transcriptome substantially identical to Fe-deficient plants. On the other hand, Fe-citrate and Fe-PS affected 728 and 408 transcripts, respectively, having 289 a similar transcriptional behaviour in response to both Fe sources. CONCLUSIONS The root transcriptional response to the Fe supply depends on the nature of chelating agents (WEHS, citrate and PS). The supply of Fe-citrate and Fe-PS showed not only a fast back regulation of molecular mechanisms modulated by Fe deficiency but also specific responses due to the uptake of the chelating molecule. Plants fed with Fe-WEHS did not show relevant changes in the root transcriptome with respect to the Fe-deficient plants, indicating that roots did not sense the restored cellular Fe accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Zamboni
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, via delle Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy.
| | - Laura Zanin
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze 208, 33100, Udine, Italy.
| | - Nicola Tomasi
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze 208, 33100, Udine, Italy.
| | - Linda Avesani
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, via delle Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy.
| | - Roberto Pinton
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze 208, 33100, Udine, Italy.
| | - Zeno Varanini
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, via delle Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy.
| | - Stefano Cesco
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, piazza Università 5, 39100, Bolzano, Italy.
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33
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Zargar SM, Agrawal GK, Rakwal R, Fukao Y. Quantitative proteomics reveals role of sugar in decreasing photosynthetic activity due to Fe deficiency. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:592. [PMID: 26284105 PMCID: PMC4522737 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sajad M. Zargar
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology, Division of Biotechnology, S K University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of KashmirSrinagar, India
| | - Ganesh K. Agrawal
- Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and BiochemistryKathmandu, Nepal
- GRADE Academy Private LimitedBirgunj, Nepal
| | - Randeep Rakwal
- Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and BiochemistryKathmandu, Nepal
- GRADE Academy Private LimitedBirgunj, Nepal
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences and Tsukuba International Academy for Sport Studies, University of TsukubaTsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Fukao
- Department of Bioinformatics, Ritsumeikan UniversityShiga, Japan
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34
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Kawahara Y, Kitamura Y. Changes in cell size and number and in rhizodermal development contribute to root tip swelling of Hyoscyamus albus roots subjected to iron deficiency. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 89:107-111. [PMID: 25734329 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Root tip swelling is a common phenomenon observed when plant roots are subjected to Fe deficiency. We analysed whether an increase in cell number or an enlargement of cell width was involved in this phenomenon. Root tips of Hyoscyamus albus cultured with or without Fe were stained with fluorescent SYTO14 and analysed by confocal laser-scanning microscopy. Time-course and position-based examination revealed that the inhibition of longitudinal cell elongation and acceleration of transverse cell enlargement under Fe deficiency started from the tips and then extended towards the base during the time-course period. An increase in cell number also occurred behind the tips. In addition, the development of rhizodermal protrusions was observed on the surface of roots subjected to Fe deficiency. These results indicated that changes in cell size and number and in root hair development were all involved in root tip swelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kawahara
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshie Kitamura
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
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Pierella Karlusich JJ, Ceccoli RD, Graña M, Romero H, Carrillo N. Environmental selection pressures related to iron utilization are involved in the loss of the flavodoxin gene from the plant genome. Genome Biol Evol 2015; 7:750-67. [PMID: 25688107 PMCID: PMC5322553 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evv031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and iron limitation represent the grim side of life in an oxygen-rich atmosphere. The versatile electron transfer shuttle ferredoxin, an iron-sulfur protein, is particularly sensitive to these hardships, and its downregulation under adverse conditions severely compromises survival of phototrophs. Replacement of ferredoxin by a stress-resistant isofunctional carrier, flavin-containing flavodoxin, is a widespread strategy employed by photosynthetic microorganisms to overcome environmental adversities. The flavodoxin gene was lost in the course of plant evolution, but its reintroduction in transgenic plants confers increased tolerance to environmental stress and iron starvation, raising the question as to why a genetic asset with obvious adaptive value was not kept by natural selection. Phylogenetic analyses reveal that the evolutionary history of flavodoxin is intricate, with several horizontal gene transfer events between distant organisms, including Eukarya, Bacteria, and Archaea. The flavodoxin gene is unevenly distributed in most algal lineages, with flavodoxin-containing species being overrepresented in iron-limited regions and scarce or absent in iron-rich environments. Evaluation of cyanobacterial genomic and metagenomic data yielded essentially the same results, indicating that there was little selection pressure to retain flavodoxin in iron-rich coastal/freshwater phototrophs. Our results show a highly dynamic evolution pattern of flavodoxin tightly connected to the bioavailability of iron. Evidence presented here also indicates that the high concentration of iron in coastal and freshwater habitats may have facilitated the loss of flavodoxin in the freshwater ancestor of modern plants during the transition of photosynthetic organisms from the open oceans to the firm land.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Pierella Karlusich
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Romina D Ceccoli
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda, Rosario, Argentina Present address: Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario; CONICET, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Martín Graña
- Unidad de Bioinformática, Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Héctor Romero
- Departamento de Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias/CURE, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Néstor Carrillo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda, Rosario, Argentina
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Chen L, Ding C, Zhao X, Xu J, Mohammad AA, Wang S, Ding Y. Differential regulation of proteins in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under iron deficiency. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2015; 34:83-96. [PMID: 25287133 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-014-1689-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Sixty-three proteins were identified to be differentially accumulated due to iron deficiency in shoot and root. The importance of these proteins alterations on shoot physiology is discussed. Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient for plant growth and its accumulation affects the quality of edible plant organs. To investigate the adaptive mechanism of a Chinese rice variety grown under iron deficiency, proteins differentially accumulated in leaves and roots of Yangdao 6, an indica cultivar, under Fe deficiency growth condition, were profiled using a two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS). The accumulations of seventy-three proteins were detected to be increased or decreased upon iron deficiency, and sixty-three of them were successfully identified. Among the sixty-three proteins, a total of forty proteins were identified in rice leaves, and twenty-three proteins were in roots. Most of these proteins are involved in photosynthesis, C metabolism, oxidative stress, Adenosine triphosphate synthesis, cell growth or signal transduction. The results provide a comprehensive way to understand, at the level of proteins, the adaptive mechanism used by rice shoots and roots under iron deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, College of Agriculture, Ministry of Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Lima MRM, Diaz SO, Lamego I, Grusak MA, Vasconcelos MW, Gil AM. Nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics of iron deficiency in soybean leaves. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:3075-87. [PMID: 24738838 DOI: 10.1021/pr500279f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) deficiency is an important agricultural concern that leads to lower yields and crop quality. A better understanding of the condition at the metabolome level could contribute to the design of strategies to ameliorate Fe-deficiency problems. Fe-sufficient and Fe-deficient soybean leaf extracts and whole leaves were analyzed by liquid (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-resolution magic-angle spinning NMR spectroscopy, respectively. Overall, 30 compounds were measurable and identifiable (comprising amino and organic acids, fatty acids, carbohydrates, alcohols, polyphenols, and others), along with 22 additional spin systems (still unassigned). Thus, metabolite differences between treatment conditions could be evaluated for different compound families simultaneously. Statistically relevant metabolite changes upon Fe deficiency included higher levels of alanine, asparagine/aspartate, threonine, valine, GABA, acetate, choline, ethanolamine, hypoxanthine, trigonelline, and polyphenols and lower levels of citrate, malate, ethanol, methanol, chlorogenate, and 3-methyl-2-oxovalerate. The data indicate that the main metabolic impacts of Fe deficiency in soybean include enhanced tricarboxylic acid cycle activity, enhanced activation of oxidative stress protection mechanisms and enhanced amino acid accumulation. Metabolites showing accumulation differences in Fe-starved but visually asymptomatic leaves could serve as biomarkers for early detection of Fe-deficiency stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta R M Lima
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto , Rua Dr. António Bernardino Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
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Wang TZ, Tian QY, Wang BL, Zhao MG, Zhang WH. Genome variations account for different response to three mineral elements between Medicago truncatula ecotypes Jemalong A17 and R108. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:122. [PMID: 24885873 PMCID: PMC4031900 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-14-122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resequencing can be used to identify genome variations underpinning many morphological and physiological phenotypes. Legume model plant Medicago truncatula ecotypes Jemalong A17 (J. A17) and R108 differ in their responses to mineral toxicity of aluminum and sodium, and mineral deficiency of iron in growth medium. The difference may result from their genome variations, but no experimental evidence supports this hypothesis. RESULTS A total of 12,750 structure variations, 135,045 short insertions/deletions and 764,154 single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified by resequencing the genome of R108. The suppressed expression of MtAACT that encodes a putative aluminum-induced citrate efflux transporter by deletion of partial sequence of the second intron may account for the less aluminum-induced citrate exudation and greater accumulation of aluminum in roots of R108 than in roots of J. A17, thus rendering R108 more sensitive to aluminum toxicity. The higher expression-level of MtZpt2-1 encoding a TFIIIA-related transcription factor in J. A17 than R108 under conditions of salt stress can be explained by the greater number of stress-responsive elements in its promoter sequence, thus conferring J. A17 more tolerant to salt stress than R108 plants by activating the expression of downstream stress-responsive genes. YSLs (Yellow Stripe-Likes) are involved in long-distance transport of iron in plants. We found that an YSL gene was deleted in the genome of R108 plants, thus rendering R108 less tolerance to iron deficiency than J. A17 plants. CONCLUSIONS The deletion or change in several genes may account for the different responses of M. truncatula ecotypes J. A17 and R108 to mineral toxicity of aluminum and sodium as well as iron deficiency. Uncovering genome variations by resequencing is an effective method to identify different traits between species/ecotypes that are genetically related. These findings demonstrate that analyses of genome variations by resequencing can shed important light on differences in responses of M. truncatula ecotypes to abiotic stress in general and mineral stress in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Zuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Qiu-Ying Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Bao-Lan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Min-Gui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Research Network of Global Change Biology, Beijing Institutes of Life Science, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
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Karthikeyan AS, Jain A, Nagarajan VK, Sinilal B, Sahi SV, Raghothama KG. Arabidopsis thaliana mutant lpsi reveals impairment in the root responses to local phosphate availability. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2014; 77:60-72. [PMID: 24561248 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate (Pi) deficiency triggers local Pi sensing-mediated inhibition of primary root growth and development of root hairs in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Generation of activation-tagged T-DNA insertion pools of Arabidopsis expressing the luciferase gene (LUC) under high-affinity Pi transporter (Pht1;4) promoter, is an efficient approach for inducing genetic variations that are amenable for visual screening of aberrations in Pi deficiency responses. Putative mutants showing altered LUC expression during Pi deficiency were identified and screened for impairment in local Pi deficiency-mediated inhibition of primary root growth. An isolated mutant was analyzed for growth response, effects of Pi deprivation on Pi content, primary root growth, root hair development, and relative expression levels of Pi starvation-responsive (PSR) genes, and those implicated in starch metabolism and Fe and Zn homeostasis. Pi deprived local phosphate sensing impaired (lpsi) mutant showed impaired primary root growth and attenuated root hair development. Although relative expression levels of PSR genes were comparable, there were significant increases in relative expression levels of IRT1, BAM3 and BAM5 in Pi deprived roots of lpsi compared to those of the wild-type. Better understanding of molecular responses of plants to Pi deficiency or excess will help to develop suitable remediation strategies for soils with excess Pi, which has become an environmental concern. Hence, lpsi mutant will serve as a valuable tool in identifying molecular mechanisms governing adaptation of plants to Pi deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ajay Jain
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Vinay K Nagarajan
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1165, USA
| | - Bhaskaran Sinilal
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101-1080, USA
| | - Shivendra V Sahi
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101-1080, USA
| | - Kashchandra G Raghothama
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1165, USA.
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Álvarez-Fernández A, Díaz-Benito P, Abadía A, López-Millán AF, Abadía J. Metal species involved in long distance metal transport in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:105. [PMID: 24723928 PMCID: PMC3971170 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms plants use to transport metals from roots to shoots are not completely understood. It has long been proposed that organic molecules participate in metal translocation within the plant. However, until recently the identity of the complexes involved in the long-distance transport of metals could only be inferred by using indirect methods, such as analyzing separately the concentrations of metals and putative ligands and then using in silico chemical speciation software to predict metal species. Molecular biology approaches also have provided a breadth of information about putative metal ligands and metal complexes occurring in plant fluids. The new advances in analytical techniques based on mass spectrometry and the increased use of synchrotron X-ray spectroscopy have allowed for the identification of some metal-ligand species in plant fluids such as the xylem and phloem saps. Also, some proteins present in plant fluids can bind metals and a few studies have explored this possibility. This study reviews the analytical challenges researchers have to face to understand long-distance metal transport in plants as well as the recent advances in the identification of the ligand and metal-ligand complexes in plant fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Javier Abadía
- Plant Nutrition Department, Aula Dei Experimental Station (CSIC)Zaragoza, Spain
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41
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Pan IC, Schmidt W. Functional implications of K63-linked ubiquitination in the iron deficiency response of Arabidopsis roots. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 4:542. [PMID: 24427162 PMCID: PMC3877749 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Iron is an essential micronutrient that plays important roles as a redox cofactor in a variety of processes, many of which are related to DNA metabolism. The E2 ubiquitin conjugase UBC13, the only E2 protein that is capable of catalyzing the formation of non-canonical K63-linked ubiquitin chains, has been associated with the DNA damage tolerance pathway in eukaryotes, critical for maintenance of genome stability and integrity. We previously showed that UBC13 and an interacting E3 ubiquitin ligase, RGLG, affect the differentiation of root epidermal cells in Arabidopsis. When grown on iron-free media, Arabidopsis plants develops root hairs that are branched at their base, a response that has been interpreted as an adaption to reduced iron availability. Mutations in UBC13A abolished the branched root hair phenotype. Unexpectedly, mutations in RGLG genes caused constitutive root hair branching. Based on recent results that link endocytotic turnover of plasma membrane-bound PIN transporters to K63-linked ubiquitination, we reinterpreted our results in a context that classifies the root hair phenotype of iron-deficient plants as a consequence of altered auxin distribution. We show here that UBC13A/B and RGLG1/2 are involved in DNA damage repair and hypothesize that UBC13 protein becomes limited under iron-deficient conditions to prioritize DNA metabolism. The data suggest that genes involved in combating detrimental effects on genome stability may represent essential components in the plant's stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Chun Pan
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia SinicaTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia SinicaTaipei, Taiwan
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing UniversityTaichung, Taiwan
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, College of Life Science, National Taiwan UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Wolfgang Schmidt, Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Academia Road 128, Taipei 11529, Taiwan e-mail:
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Glaesener AG, Merchant SS, Blaby-Haas CE. Iron economy in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:337. [PMID: 24032036 PMCID: PMC3759009 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
While research on iron nutrition in plants has largely focused on iron-uptake pathways, photosynthetic microbes such as the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii provide excellent experimental systems for understanding iron metabolism at the subcellular level. Several paradigms in iron homeostasis have been established in this alga, including photosystem remodeling in the chloroplast and preferential retention of some pathways and key iron-dependent proteins in response to suboptimal iron supply. This review presents our current understanding of iron homeostasis in Chlamydomonas, with specific attention on characterized responses to changes in iron supply, like iron-deficiency. An overview of frequently used methods for the investigation of iron-responsive gene expression, physiology and metabolism is also provided, including preparation of media, the effect of cell size, cell density and strain choice on quantitative measurements and methods for the determination of metal content and assessing the effect of iron supply on photosynthetic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne G. Glaesener
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los AngelesLos Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sabeeha S. Merchant
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los AngelesLos Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute of Genomics and Proteomics, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Crysten E. Blaby-Haas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los AngelesLos Angeles, CA, USA
- *Correspondence: Crysten E. Blaby-Haas, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Box 951569, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA e-mail:
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Samira R, Stallmann A, Massenburg LN, Long TA. Ironing out the issues: integrated approaches to understanding iron homeostasis in plants. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 210:250-9. [PMID: 23849132 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Plants initialize responses to environmental changes at all levels, from signaling to translation and beyond. Such is the case for fluctuations in the availability of iron (Fe), one of the most critical micronutrients for plants. The results of these responses are physiological and morphological changes that lead to increased iron uptake from the rhizosphere, and recycling and reallocation of Fe, which must be properly localized within specific cells and cellular compartment for use. The use of reductionist approaches, in combination with in vivo and in situ Fe localization tools, has been able to shed light on critical signaling molecules, transcriptional regulators, transporters and other proteins involved in Fe homeostasis. Recent advances in elemental distribution and speciation analysis now enable detection and measurement of Fe and other elements at resolutions never seen before. Moreover, increasing use of systems biology approaches provide a substantially broader perspective of how Fe availability affects processes at many levels. This review highlights the latest in vivo and in situ iron localization approaches and some of the recent advances in understanding mechanisms that control Fe translocation. A broad perspective of how Fe localization data might one day be integrated with large-scale data to create models for Fe homeostasis is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozalynne Samira
- Department of Plant Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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Khandakar J, Haraguchi I, Yamaguchi K, Kitamura Y. A small-scale proteomic approach reveals a survival strategy, including a reduction in alkaloid biosynthesis, in Hyoscyamus albus roots subjected to iron deficiency. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:331. [PMID: 24009619 PMCID: PMC3755260 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Hyoscyamus albus is a well-known source of the tropane alkaloids, hyoscyamine and scopolamine, which are biosynthesized in the roots. To assess the major biochemical adaptations that occur in the roots of this plant in response to iron deficiency, we used a small-scale proteomic approach in which 100 mg of root tips were treated with and without Fe, respectively, for 5 days. Two-dimensional mini gels showed that 48 spots were differentially accumulated between the two conditions of Fe availability and a further 36 proteins were identified from these spots using MALDI-QIT-TOF mass spectrometry. The proteins that showed elevated levels in the roots lacking Fe were found to be associated variously with carbohydrate metabolism, cell differentiation, secondary metabolism, and oxidative defense. Most of the proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolism were increased in abundance, but mitochondrial NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase was decreased, possibly resulting in malate secretion. Otherwise, all the proteins showing diminished levels in the roots were identified as either Fe-containing or ATP-requiring. For example, a significant decrease was observed in the levels of hyoscyamine 6β-hydroxylase (H6H), which requires Fe and is involved in the conversion of hyoscyamine to scopolamine. To investigate the effects of Fe deficiency on alkaloid biosynthesis, gene expression studies were undertaken both for H6H and for another Fe-dependent protein, Cyp80F1, which is involved in the final stage of hyoscyamine biosynthesis. In addition, tropane alkaloid contents were determined. Reduced gene expression was observed in the case of both of these proteins and was accompanied by a decrease in the content of both hyoscyamine and scopolamine. Finally, we have discussed energetic and Fe-conservation strategies that might be adopted by the roots of H. albus to maintain iron homeostasis under Fe-limiting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Izumi Haraguchi
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki UniversityNagasaki, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nagasaki UniversityNagasaki, Japan
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki UniversityNagasaki, Japan
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Fisheries, Nagasaki UniversityNagasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshie Kitamura
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nagasaki UniversityNagasaki, Japan
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki UniversityNagasaki, Japan
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Ramírez L, Bartoli CG, Lamattina L. Glutathione and ascorbic acid protect Arabidopsis plants against detrimental effects of iron deficiency. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2013; 64:3169-78. [PMID: 23788722 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Iron is an essential micronutrient required for a wide variety of cellular functions in plant growth and development. Chlorosis is the first visible symptom in iron-deficient plants. Glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (ASC) are multifunctional metabolites playing important roles in redox balancing. In this work, it was shown that GSH and ASC treatment prevented chlorosis and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species induced by iron deficiency in Arabidopsis leaves. In iron deficiency, GSH and ASC increased the activity of the heme protein ascorbate peroxidase at a similar level to that found in iron-sufficient seedlings. GSH was also able to preserve the levels of the iron-sulfur protein ferredoxin 2. GSH content decreased 25% in iron-deficient Arabidopsis seedlings, whereas the ASC levels were not affected. Taken together, these results showed that GSH and ASC supplementation protects Arabidopsis seedlings from iron deficiency, preserving cell redox homeostasis and improving internal iron availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonor Ramírez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, UE-CONICET-UNMdP, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Funes 3250, CC 1245, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
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Vigani G, Zocchi G, Bashir K, Philippar K, Briat JF. Signals from chloroplasts and mitochondria for iron homeostasis regulation. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 18:305-11. [PMID: 23462548 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2013.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2012] [Revised: 01/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential element for human nutrition. Given that plants represent a major dietary source of Fe worldwide, it is crucial to understand plant Fe homeostasis fully. A major breakthrough in the understanding of Fe sensing and signaling was the identification of several transcription factor cascades regulating Fe homeostasis. However, the mechanisms of activation of these cascades still remain to be elucidated. In this opinion, we focus on the possible roles of mitochondria and chloroplasts as cellular Fe sensing and signaling sites, offering a new perspective on the integrated regulation of Fe homeostasis and its interplay with cellular metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianpiero Vigani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali-Produzione, Territorio e Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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Rodríguez-Celma J, Lattanzio G, Jiménez S, Briat JF, Abadía J, Abadía A, Gogorcena Y, López-Millán AF. Changes induced by Fe deficiency and Fe resupply in the root protein profile of a peach-almond hybrid rootstock. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:1162-72. [PMID: 23320467 DOI: 10.1021/pr300763c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The changes in the root extract protein profile of the Prunus hybrid GF 677 rootstock (P. dulcis × P. persica) grown in hydroponics as affected by Fe deficiency and short-term (24 h) Fe resupply have been studied by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis-based techniques. A total of 335 spots were consistently found in the gels. Iron deficiency caused above 2-fold increases or >50% decreases in the relative abundance in 10 and 6 spots, respectively, whereas one spot was only detected in Fe-deficient plants. Iron resupply to Fe-deficient plants caused increases and decreases in relative abundance in 15 and 16 spots, respectively, and one more spot was only detected in Fe-resupplied Fe-deficient plants. Ninety-five percent of the proteins changing in relative abundance were identified using nanoliquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Defense responses against oxidative and general stress accounted for 50% of the changes in Fe-deficient roots. Also, a slight induction of the glycolysis-fermentation pathways was observed in GF 677 roots with Fe deficiency. The root protein profile of 24 h Fe-resupplied plants was similar to that of Fe-deficient plants, indicating that the deactivation of Fe-deficiency metabolic responses is slow. Taken together, our results suggest that the high tolerance of GF 677 rootstock to Fe deficiency may be related to its ability to elicit a sound defense response against both general and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Rodríguez-Celma
- Pomology Department, Aula Dei Experimental Station, CSIC, PO Box 13034, E-50080 Zaragoza, Spain
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Kumar V, Gill T, Grover S, Ahuja PS, Yadav SK. Influence of human lactoferrin expression on iron homeostasis, flavonoids, and antioxidants in transgenic tobacco. Mol Biotechnol 2013; 53:118-28. [PMID: 22274938 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-012-9495-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed at to check the influence of human lactoferrin (hLF) expression on iron homeostasis, flavonoids, and antioxidants in transgenic tobacco. Transgenic tobacco expressing hLF cDNA under the control of a CaMV 35S promoter was produced. The iron content as well as chlorophyll content of transgenic tobacco was lower compared to mock and untransformed wild plants. Interestingly, hLF transgenic tobacco showed higher level of transcript expression for genes related to iron content regulation like iron transporter and metal transporter. While expression of genes related to iron storage such as ferritin 1 and ferritin 2 was downregulated. The transcript expression of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase, ascorbate peroxidase, and catalase was downregulated in hLF transgenic tobacco compared to controls. Further, the transcript expression of two important genes encoding dihydroflavonol reductase (DFR) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase regulatory enzymes of flavonoid biosynthesis pathway was analyzed. The expression of DFR was found to be downregulated, while PAL expression was upregulated in hLF transgenic tobacco compared to mock and untransformed wild plant. Total phenolics, flavonoids, and proanthocyanidins contents were found to be higher in hLF transgenic tobacco than the mock and untransformed wild plant. Results suggest that hLF expression in transgenic tobacco leads to iron deficiency, downregulation of antioxidant enzymes, and increase in total flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Kumar
- Plant Metabolic Engineering, Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Vigani G, Morandini P, Murgia I. Searching iron sensors in plants by exploring the link among 2'-OG-dependent dioxygenases, the iron deficiency response and metabolic adjustments occurring under iron deficiency. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:169. [PMID: 23755060 PMCID: PMC3668137 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge accumulated on the regulation of iron (Fe) homeostasis, its intracellular trafficking and transport across various cellular compartments and organs in plants; storage proteins, transporters and transcription factors involved in Fe metabolism have been analyzed in detail in recent years. However, the key sensor(s) of cellular plant "Fe status" triggering the long-distance shoot-root signaling and leading to the root Fe deficiency responses is (are) still unknown. Local Fe sensing is also a major task for roots, for adjusting the internal Fe requirements to external Fe availability: how such sensing is achieved and how it leads to metabolic adjustments in case of nutrient shortage, is mostly unknown. Two proteins belonging to the 2'-OG-dependent dioxygenases family accumulate several folds in Fe-deficient Arabidopsis roots. Such proteins require Fe(II) as enzymatic cofactor; one of their subgroups, the HIF-P4H (hypoxia-inducible factor-prolyl 4-hydroxylase), is an effective oxygen sensor in animal cells. We envisage here the possibility that some members of the 2'-OG dioxygenase family may be involved in the Fe deficiency response and in the metabolic adjustments to Fe deficiency or even in sensing Fe, in plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianpiero Vigani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie ed Ambientali-Produzioni, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di MilanoMilano, Italy
| | - Piero Morandini
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di MilanoMilano, Italy
| | - Irene Murgia
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di MilanoMilano, Italy
- *Correspondence: Irene Murgia, Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy e-mail:
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Enomoto Y, Goto F. Long-Distance Signaling of Iron Deficiency in Plants. LONG-DISTANCE SYSTEMIC SIGNALING AND COMMUNICATION IN PLANTS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-36470-9_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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