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Qiu Q, Sun S, Yuan H, Zhang S, Feng Y, Wang F, Zhu Y, Zhou M, Wang Y. Second near-infrared fluorescent Metal-Organic framework sensors for in vivo extracellular adenosine triphosphate monitoring. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 251:116114. [PMID: 38354495 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Plant nanobionic sensors enable real-time monitoring of signaling molecules in plants by interfacing them with specifically designed nanoprobes, which have been acknowledged as species-independent analytical tools. In this study, we developed a plant nanobionic sensor for in vivo detection of extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP) in living plants by designing a novel second near-infrared (NIR-II) fluorescent metal-organic framework (MOF) nanoprobe. The NIR-II fluorescent nanoprobe (IR-1061 micelle@ZIF-90) with a sandwich structure was synthesized by successive encapsulation of the hydrophobic NIR-II dye IR-1061 with the amphipathic polymer DSPE-mPEG 2000 and MOF ZIF-90. Interestingly, coating ZIF-90 around IR-1061 micelles increased the NIR-II fluorescence 16.6-fold. Utilizing the ultrahigh NIR-II fluorescent emission of the designed nanoprobes and specific recognition of ZIF-90 to ATP, the nanoprobes were applied to spatial and temporal monitoring eATP in model and non-model plants under environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Qiu
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Shengchun Sun
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Hao Yuan
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Shiyi Zhang
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Yuyan Feng
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Fanghao Wang
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Yihang Zhu
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Mingchuan Zhou
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Yixian Wang
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311215, PR China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
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Sowders JM, Jewell JB, Tanaka K. CPK28 is a modulator of purinergic signaling in plant growth and defense. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:1086-1101. [PMID: 38308597 PMCID: PMC11096078 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular ATP (eATP) is a key signaling molecule that plays a pivotal role in plant growth and defense responses. The receptor P2K1 is responsible for perceiving eATP and initiating its signaling cascade. However, the signal transduction mechanisms downstream of P2K1 activation remain incompletely understood. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the P2K1 interactome using co-immunoprecipitation-coupled tandem mass spectrometry, leading to the identification of 121 candidate proteins interacting with P2K1. In silico analysis narrowed down the candidates to 47 proteins, including Ca2+-binding proteins, ion transport-related proteins, and receptor kinases. To investigate their involvement in eATP signaling, we employed a screening strategy based on changes in gene expression in response to eATP in mutants of the identified interactors. This screening revealed several Ca2+-dependent protein kinases (CPKs) that significantly affected the expression of eATP-responsive genes, suggesting their potential roles in eATP signaling. Notably, CPK28 and CPK6 showed physical interactions with P2K1 both in yeast and plant systems. Calcium influx and gene expression studies demonstrated that CPK28 perturbed eATP-induced Ca2+ mobilization and some early transcriptional responses. Overexpression of CPK28 resulted in an antagonistic physiological response to P2K1-mediated eATP signaling during both plant growth and defense responses to the necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea. Our findings highlight CPK28, among other CPKs, as a modulator of P2K1-mediated eATP signaling, providing valuable insights into the coordination of eATP signaling in plant growth and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel M. Sowders
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164
- Molecular Plant Sciences Program, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164
| | - Jeremy B. Jewell
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164
| | - Kiwamu Tanaka
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164
- Molecular Plant Sciences Program, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164
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3
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Harris FM, Mou Z. Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns and Systemic Signaling. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2024; 114:308-327. [PMID: 37665354 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-03-23-0104-rvw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Cellular damage inflicted by wounding, pathogen infection, and herbivory releases a variety of host-derived metabolites, degraded structural components, and peptides into the extracellular space that act as alarm signals when perceived by adjacent cells. These so-called damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) function through plasma membrane localized pattern recognition receptors to regulate wound and immune responses. In plants, DAMPs act as elicitors themselves, often inducing immune outputs such as calcium influx, reactive oxygen species generation, defense gene expression, and phytohormone signaling. Consequently, DAMP perception results in a priming effect that enhances resistance against subsequent pathogen infections. Alongside their established function in local tissues, recent evidence supports a critical role of DAMP signaling in generation and/or amplification of mobile signals that induce systemic immune priming. Here, we summarize the identity, signaling, and synergy of proposed and established plant DAMPs, with a focus on those with published roles in systemic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona M Harris
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110700, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Zhonglin Mou
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110700, Gainesville, FL 32611
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4
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Kim D, Stacey G. Phosphorylation-mediated regulation of integrin-linked kinase 5 by purinoreceptor P2K2. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2023; 18:2261743. [PMID: 37750411 PMCID: PMC10730134 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2023.2261743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular ATP (eATP) in plants plays a crucial role as a ligand for purinoreceptors, mediating purinergic signaling and regulating diverse biological functions, including responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. DORN1/P2K1 (LecRK I.9) was the first identified plant purinoreceptor. P2K2 (LecRK I.5) was subsequently identified as an additional plant purinoreceptor and shown to directly interact with P2K1. Recently, we reported that P2K1 interacts with Integrin-linked kinase 5 (ILK5), a Raf-like MAPKKK protein, and phosphorylates ILK5 to regulate purinergic signaling in relation to plant innate immunity. Here, we report that P2K2 also interacts with the ILK5 protein in planta. Furthermore, we demonstrate that P2K2 phosphorylates ILK5 in the presence of [γ-32P] ATP, similar to P2K1. However, unlike P2K1, P2K2 exhibits strong phosphorylation even when the Serine 192 residue of ILK5 is mutated to Alanine (ILK5S192A), suggesting the possibility of phosphorylation of other residues to fully regulate ILK5 protein function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daewon Kim
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, C.S. Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Gary Stacey
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, C.S. Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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5
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Dobrogojski J, Nguyen VH, Kowalska J, Borek S, Pietrowska-Borek M. The Plasma Membrane Purinoreceptor P2K1/DORN1 Is Essential in Stomatal Closure Evoked by Extracellular Diadenosine Tetraphosphate (Ap 4A) in Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16688. [PMID: 38069010 PMCID: PMC10706190 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Dinucleoside polyphosphates (NpnNs) are considered novel signalling molecules involved in the induction of plant defence mechanisms. However, NpnN signal recognition and transduction are still enigmatic. Therefore, the aim of our research was the identification of the NpnN receptor and signal transduction pathways evoked by these nucleotides. Earlier, we proved that purine and pyrimidine NpnNs differentially affect the phenylpropanoid pathway in Vitis vinifera suspension-cultured cells. Here, we report, for the first time, that both diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A) and dicytidine tetraphosphate (Cp4C)-induced stomatal closure in Arabidopsis thaliana. Moreover, we showed that plasma membrane purinoreceptor P2K1/DORN1 (does not respond to nucleotide 1) is essential for Ap4A-induced stomata movements but not for Cp4C. Wild-type Col-0 and the dorn1-3 A. thaliana knockout mutant were used. Examination of the leaf epidermis dorn1-3 mutant provided evidence that P2K1/DORN1 is a part of the signal transduction pathway in stomatal closure evoked by extracellular Ap4A but not by Cp4C. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in signal transduction caused by Ap4A and Cp4C, leading to stomatal closure. Ap4A induced and Cp4C suppressed the transcriptional response in wild-type plants. Moreover, in dorn1-3 leaves, the effect of Ap4A on gene expression was impaired. The interaction between P2K1/DORN1 and Ap4A leads to changes in the transcription of signalling hubs in signal transduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jędrzej Dobrogojski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Horticulture and Bioengineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Van Hai Nguyen
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (V.H.N.); (J.K.)
| | - Joanna Kowalska
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (V.H.N.); (J.K.)
| | - Sławomir Borek
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Pietrowska-Borek
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Horticulture and Bioengineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632 Poznań, Poland;
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Kesten C, Leitner V, Dora S, Sims JW, Dindas J, Zipfel C, De Moraes CM, Sanchez-Rodriguez C. Soil-borne fungi alter the apoplastic purinergic signaling in plants by deregulating the homeostasis of extracellular ATP and its metabolite adenosine. eLife 2023; 12:e92913. [PMID: 37994905 PMCID: PMC10746138 DOI: 10.7554/elife.92913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Purinergic signaling activated by extracellular nucleotides and their derivative nucleosides trigger sophisticated signaling networks. The outcome of these pathways determine the capacity of the organism to survive under challenging conditions. Both extracellular ATP (eATP) and Adenosine (eAdo) act as primary messengers in mammals, essential for immunosuppressive responses. Despite the clear role of eATP as a plant damage-associated molecular pattern, the function of its nucleoside, eAdo, and of the eAdo/eATP balance in plant stress response remain to be fully elucidated. This is particularly relevant in the context of plant-microbe interaction, where the intruder manipulates the extracellular matrix. Here, we identify Ado as a main molecule secreted by the vascular fungus Fusarium oxysporum. We show that eAdo modulates the plant's susceptibility to fungal colonization by altering the eATP-mediated apoplastic pH homeostasis, an essential physiological player during the infection of this pathogen. Our work indicates that plant pathogens actively imbalance the apoplastic eAdo/eATP levels as a virulence mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Kesten
- Department of Biology and Zürich-Basel Plant Science CenterZürichSwitzerland
- Department for Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Valentin Leitner
- Department of Biology and Zürich-Basel Plant Science CenterZürichSwitzerland
| | - Susanne Dora
- Department of Biology and Zürich-Basel Plant Science CenterZürichSwitzerland
| | - James W Sims
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH ZürichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Julian Dindas
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Cyril Zipfel
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | | | - Clara Sanchez-Rodriguez
- Department of Biology and Zürich-Basel Plant Science CenterZürichSwitzerland
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) – Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC)Pozuelo de AlarcónSpain
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7
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Kim D, Yanders S, Stacey G. Salt stress releases extracellular ATP to activate purinergic signaling and inhibit plant growth. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:1753-1757. [PMID: 37506300 PMCID: PMC10602603 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress increases extracellular ATP levels and the upregulation of P2K1 purinoreceptor transcripts, leading to the activation of purinergic signaling and consequent inhibition of plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daewon Kim
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, C.S. Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Samantha Yanders
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, C.S. Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Gary Stacey
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, C.S. Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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8
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Cannon AE, Vanegas DC, Sabharwal T, Salmi ML, Wang J, Clark G, McLamore ES, Roux SJ. Polarized distribution of extracellular nucleotides promotes gravity-directed polarization of development in spores of Ceratopteris richardii. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1265458. [PMID: 37854113 PMCID: PMC10579945 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1265458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Gravity directs the polarization of Ceratopteris fern spores. This process begins with the uptake of calcium through channels at the bottom of the spore, a step necessary for the gravity response. Data showing that extracellular ATP (eATP) regulates calcium channels led to the hypothesis that extracellular nucleotides could play a role in the gravity-directed polarization of Ceratopteris spores. In animal and plant cells ATP can be released from mechanosensitive channels. This report tests the hypothesis that the polarized release of ATP from spores could be activated by gravity, preferentially along the bottom of the spore, leading to an asymmetrical accumulation of eATP. In order to carry out this test, an ATP biosensor was used to measure the [eATP] at the bottom and top of germinating spores during gravity-directed polarization. The [eATP] along the bottom of the spore averaged 7-fold higher than the concentration at the top. All treatments that disrupted eATP signaling resulted in a statistically significant decrease in the gravity response. In order to investigate the source of ATP release, spores were treated with Brefeldin A (BFA) and gadolinium trichloride (GdCl3). These treatments resulted in a significant decrease in gravity-directed polarization. An ATP biosensor was also used to measure ATP release after treatment with both BFA and GdCl3. Both of these treatments caused a significant decrease in [ATP] measured around spores. These results support the hypothesis that ATP could be released from mechanosensitive channels and secretory vesicles during the gravity-directed polarization of Ceratopteris spores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E. Cannon
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Diana C. Vanegas
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Tanya Sabharwal
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Mari L. Salmi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Jeffrey Wang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Greg Clark
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Eric S. McLamore
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Stanley J. Roux
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
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Liu L, Liu J, Xu N. Ligand recognition and signal transduction by lectin receptor-like kinases in plant immunity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1201805. [PMID: 37396638 PMCID: PMC10311507 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1201805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Lectin receptor-like kinases (LecRKs) locate on the cell membrane and play diverse roles in perceiving environmental factors in higher plants. Studies have demonstrated that LecRKs are involved in plant development and response to abiotic and biotic stresses. In this review, we summarize the identified ligands of LecRKs in Arabidopsis, including extracellular purine (eATP), extracellular pyridine (eNAD+), extracellular NAD+ phosphate (eNADP+) and extracellular fatty acids (such as 3-hydroxydecanoic acid). We also discussed the posttranslational modification of these receptors in plant innate immunity and the perspectives of future research on plant LecRKs.
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Shi Z, Zhang Y, Wang X, Pang H, Jia L, Sun K, Zhang J, Du J, Feng H. Extracellular ATP sensing in living plant tissues with a genetically encoded, ratiometric fluorescent sensor. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:1343-1350. [PMID: 36891672 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Shi
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Yuejing Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Hailong Pang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Lingyun Jia
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Kun Sun
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
- New Rural Development Research Institute, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Jie Du
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Hanqing Feng
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
- New Rural Development Research Institute, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
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11
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Kim D, Chen D, Ahsan N, Jorge GL, Thelen JJ, Stacey G. The Raf-like MAPKKK INTEGRIN-LINKED KINASE 5 regulates purinergic receptor-mediated innate immunity in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:1572-1592. [PMID: 36762404 PMCID: PMC10118279 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling cascades play important roles in eukaryotic defense against various pathogens. Activation of the extracellular ATP (eATP) receptor P2K1 triggers MAP kinase 3 and 6 (MPK3/6) phosphorylation, which leads to an elevated plant defense response. However, the mechanism by which P2K1 activates the MAPK cascade is unclear. In this study, we show that in Arabidopsis thaliana, P2K1 phosphorylates the Raf-like MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK) INTEGRIN-LINKED KINASE 5 (ILK5) on serine 192 in the presence of eATP. The interaction between P2K1 and ILK5 was confirmed both in vitro and in planta and their interaction was enhanced by ATP treatment. Similar to P2K1 expression, ILK5 expression levels were highly induced by treatment with ATP, flg22, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000, and various abiotic stresses. ILK5 interacts with and phosphorylates the MAP kinase MKK5. Moreover, phosphorylation of MPK3/6 was significantly reduced upon ATP treatment in ilk5 mutant plants, relative to wild-type (WT). The ilk5 mutant plants showed higher susceptibility to P. syringae pathogen infection relative to WT plants. Plants expressing only the mutant ILK5S192A protein, with decreased kinase activity, did not activate the MAPK cascade upon ATP addition. These results suggest that eATP activation of P2K1 results in transphosphorylation of the Raf-like MAPKKK ILK5, which subsequently triggers the MAPK cascade, culminating in activation of MPK3/6 associated with an elevated innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daewon Kim
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, C.S. Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Dongqin Chen
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, C.S. Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Nagib Ahsan
- Division of Biochemistry, C.S. Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Gabriel Lemes Jorge
- Division of Biochemistry, C.S. Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Jay J Thelen
- Division of Biochemistry, C.S. Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Gary Stacey
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, C.S. Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Division of Biochemistry, C.S. Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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12
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Oelmüller R, Tseng YH, Gandhi A. Signals and Their Perception for Remodelling, Adjustment and Repair of the Plant Cell Wall. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087417. [PMID: 37108585 PMCID: PMC10139151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The integrity of the cell wall is important for plant cells. Mechanical or chemical distortions, tension, pH changes in the apoplast, disturbance of the ion homeostasis, leakage of cell compounds into the apoplastic space or breakdown of cell wall polysaccharides activate cellular responses which often occur via plasma membrane-localized receptors. Breakdown products of the cell wall polysaccharides function as damage-associated molecular patterns and derive from cellulose (cello-oligomers), hemicelluloses (mainly xyloglucans and mixed-linkage glucans as well as glucuronoarabinoglucans in Poaceae) and pectins (oligogalacturonides). In addition, several types of channels participate in mechanosensing and convert physical into chemical signals. To establish a proper response, the cell has to integrate information about apoplastic alterations and disturbance of its wall with cell-internal programs which require modifications in the wall architecture due to growth, differentiation or cell division. We summarize recent progress in pattern recognition receptors for plant-derived oligosaccharides, with a focus on malectin domain-containing receptor kinases and their crosstalk with other perception systems and intracellular signaling events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Oelmüller
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Department of Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Yu-Heng Tseng
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Department of Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Akanksha Gandhi
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Department of Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany
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13
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Son WK, Choi YS, Han YW, Shin DW, Min K, Shin J, Lee MJ, Son H, Jeong DH, Kwak SY. In vivo surface-enhanced Raman scattering nanosensor for the real-time monitoring of multiple stress signalling molecules in plants. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 18:205-216. [PMID: 36522556 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01274-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
When under stress, plants release molecules to activate their defense system. Detecting these stress-related molecules offers the possibility to address stress conditions and prevent the development of diseases. However, detecting endogenous signalling molecules in living plants remains challenging due to low concentrations of these analytes and interference with other compounds; additionally, many methods currently used are invasive and labour-intensive. Here we show a non-destructive surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based nanoprobe for the real-time detection of multiple stress-related endogenous molecules in living plants. The nanoprobe, which is placed in the intercellular space, is optically active in the near-infrared region (785 nm) to avoid interferences from plant autofluorescence. It consists of a Si nanosphere surrounded by a corrugated Ag shell modified by a water-soluble cationic polymer poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride), which can interact with multiple plant signalling molecules. We measure a SERS enhancement factor of 2.9 × 107 and a signal-to-noise ratio of up to 64 with an acquisition time of ~100 ms. To show quantitative multiplex detection, we adopted a binding model to interpret the SERS intensities of two different analytes bound to the SERS hot spot of the nanoprobe. Under either abiotic or biotic stress, our optical nanosensors can successfully monitor salicylic acid, extracellular adenosine triphosphate, cruciferous phytoalexin and glutathione in Nasturtium officinale, Triticum aestivum L. and Hordeum vulgare L.-all stress-related molecules indicating the possible onset of a plant disease. We believe that plasmonic nanosensor platforms can enable the early diagnosis of stress, contributing to a timely disease management of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Ki Son
- Department of Chemistry Education, College of Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Sik Choi
- Department of Chemistry Education, College of Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Woo Han
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wook Shin
- Department of Chemistry Education, College of Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghun Min
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Shin
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jeong Lee
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hokyoung Son
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hong Jeong
- Department of Chemistry Education, College of Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Educational Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seon-Yeong Kwak
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Matthus E, Ning Y, Shafiq F, Davies JM. Phosphate-deprivation and damage signalling by extracellular ATP. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1098146. [PMID: 36714742 PMCID: PMC9879614 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1098146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate deprivation compromises plant productivity and modulates immunity. DAMP signalling by extracellular ATP (eATP) could be compromised under phosphate deprivation by the lowered production of cytosolic ATP and the need to salvage eATP as a nutritional phosphate source. Phosphate-starved roots of Arabidopsis can still sense eATP, indicating robustness in receptor function. However, the resultant cytosolic free Ca2+ signature is impaired, indicating modulation of downstream components. This perspective on DAMP signalling by extracellular ATP (eATP) addresses the salvage of eATP under phosphate deprivation and its promotion of immunity, how Ca2+ signals are generated and how the Ca2+ signalling pathway could be overcome to allow beneficial fungal root colonization to fulfill phosphate demands. Safe passage for an endophytic fungus allowing root colonization could be achieved by its down-regulation of the Ca2+ channels that act downstream of the eATP receptors and by also preventing ROS accumulation, thus further impairing DAMP signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Matthus
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Youzheng Ning
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Fahad Shafiq
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Julia M. Davies
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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15
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Xu J, Han L, Xia S, Zhu R, Kang E, Shang Z. ATANN3 Is Involved in Extracellular ATP-Regulated Auxin Distribution in Arabidopsis thaliana Seedlings. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:330. [PMID: 36679043 PMCID: PMC9867528 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular ATP (eATP) plays multiple roles in plant growth and development, and stress responses. It has been revealed that eATP suppresses growth and alters the growth orientation of the root and hypocotyl of Arabidopsis thaliana by affecting auxin transport and localization in these organs. However, the mechanism of the eATP-stimulated auxin distribution remains elusive. Annexins are involved in multiple aspects of plant cellular metabolism, while their role in response to apoplastic signals remains unclear. Here, by using the loss-of-function mutations, we investigated the role of AtANN3 in the eATP-regulated root and hypocotyl growth. Firstly, the inhibitory effects of eATP on root and hypocotyl elongation were weakened or impaired in the AtANN3 null mutants (atann3-1 and atann3-2). Meanwhile, the distribution of DR5-GUS and DR5-GFP indicated that the eATP-induced asymmetric distribution of auxin in the root tips or hypocotyl cells occurred in wild-type control plants, while in atann3-1 mutant seedlings, it was not observed. Further, the eATP-induced asymmetric distribution of PIN2-GFP in root-tip cells or that of PIN3-GFP in hypocotyl cells was reduced in atann3-1 seedlings. Finally, the eATP-induced asymmetric distribution of cytoplasmic vesicles in root-tip cells was impaired in atann3-1 seedlings. Based on these results, we suggest that AtANN3 may be involved in eATP-regulated seedling growth by regulating the distribution of auxin and auxin transporters in vegetative organs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Erfang Kang
- Correspondence: (E.K.); (Z.S.); Tel.: +86-(311)-8078-7565 (E.K.); +86-(311)-8078-7570 (Z.S.)
| | - Zhonglin Shang
- Correspondence: (E.K.); (Z.S.); Tel.: +86-(311)-8078-7565 (E.K.); +86-(311)-8078-7570 (Z.S.)
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16
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Chowdhury AT, Hasan MN, Bhuiyan FH, Islam MQ, Nayon MRW, Rahaman MM, Hoque H, Jewel NA, Ashrafuzzaman M, Prodhan SH. Identification, characterization of Apyrase (APY) gene family in rice (Oryza sativa) and analysis of the expression pattern under various stress conditions. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0273592. [PMID: 37163561 PMCID: PMC10171694 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Apyrase (APY) is a nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) diphosphohydrolase (NTPDase) which is a member of the superfamily of guanosine diphosphatase 1 (GDA1)-cluster of differentiation 39 (CD39) nucleoside phosphatase. Under various circumstances like stress, cell growth, the extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP) level increases, causing a detrimental influence on cells such as cell growth retardation, ROS production, NO burst, and apoptosis. Apyrase hydrolyses eATP accumulated in the extracellular membrane during stress, wounds, into adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and regulates the stress-responsive pathway in plants. This study was designed for the identification, characterization, and for analysis of APY gene expression in Oryza sativa. This investigation discovered nine APYs in rice, including both endo- and ecto-apyrase. According to duplication event analysis, in the evolution of OsAPYs, a significant role is performed by segmental duplication. Their role in stress control, hormonal responsiveness, and the development of cells is supported by the corresponding cis-elements present in their promoter regions. According to expression profiling by RNA-seq data, the genes were expressed in various tissues. Upon exposure to a variety of biotic as well as abiotic stimuli, including anoxia, drought, submergence, alkali, heat, dehydration, salt, and cold, they showed a differential expression pattern. The expression analysis from the RT-qPCR data also showed expression under various abiotic stress conditions, comprising cold, salinity, cadmium, drought, submergence, and especially heat stress. This finding will pave the way for future in-vivo analysis, unveil the molecular mechanisms of APY genes in stress response, and contribute to the development of stress-tolerant rice varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniqua Tasnim Chowdhury
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Md Nazmul Hasan
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Fahmid H Bhuiyan
- Plant Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Ganakbari, Ashulia, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Qamrul Islam
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rakib Wazed Nayon
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mashiur Rahaman
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
- Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Hammadul Hoque
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Nurnabi Azad Jewel
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ashrafuzzaman
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Shamsul H Prodhan
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
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17
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Lu Q, Houbaert A, Ma Q, Huang J, Sterck L, Zhang C, Benjamins R, Coppens F, Van Breusegem F, Russinova E. Adenosine monophosphate deaminase modulates BIN2 activity through hydrogen peroxide-induced oligomerization. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:3844-3859. [PMID: 35876813 PMCID: PMC9520590 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis thaliana GSK3-like kinase, BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE2 (BIN2) is a key negative regulator of brassinosteroid (BR) signaling and a hub for crosstalk with other signaling pathways. However, the mechanisms controlling BIN2 activity are not well understood. Here we performed a forward genetic screen for resistance to the plant-specific GSK3 inhibitor bikinin and discovered that a mutation in the ADENOSINE MONOPHOSPHATE DEAMINASE (AMPD)/EMBRYONIC FACTOR1 (FAC1) gene reduces the sensitivity of Arabidopsis seedlings to both bikinin and BRs. Further analyses revealed that AMPD modulates BIN2 activity by regulating its oligomerization in a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-dependent manner. Exogenous H2O2 induced the formation of BIN2 oligomers with a decreased kinase activity and an increased sensitivity to bikinin. By contrast, AMPD activity inhibition reduced the cytosolic reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and the amount of BIN2 oligomers, correlating with the decreased sensitivity of Arabidopsis plants to bikinin and BRs. Furthermore, we showed that BIN2 phosphorylates AMPD to possibly alter its function. Our results uncover the existence of an H2O2 homeostasis-mediated regulation loop between AMPD and BIN2 that fine-tunes the BIN2 kinase activity to control plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Lu
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Qian Ma
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jingjing Huang
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lieven Sterck
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - René Benjamins
- Plant Developmental Biology, Wageningen University Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik Coppens
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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18
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Shan Y, Zhang D, Luo Z, Li T, Qu H, Duan X, Jiang Y. Advances in chilling injury of postharvest fruit and vegetable: Extracellular ATP aspects. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:4251-4273. [PMID: 35876655 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Due to the global use of cold chain, the development of postharvest technology to reduce chilling injury (CI) in postharvest fruits and vegetables during storage and transport is needed urgently. Considerable evidence shows that maintaining intracellular adenosine triphosphate (iATP) in harvested fruits and vegetables is beneficial to inhibiting CI occurrence. Extracellular ATP (eATP) is a damage-associated signal molecule and plays an important role in CI of postharvest fruits and vegetables through its receptor and subsequent signal transduction under low-temperature stress. The development of new aptasensors for the simultaneous determination of eATP level allows for better understanding of the roles of eATP in a myriad of responses mediated by low-temperature stress in relation to the chilling tolerance of postharvest fruits and vegetables. The multiple biological functions of eATP and its receptors in postharvest fruits and vegetables were attributed to interactions with reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) in coordination with phytohormones and other signaling molecules via downstream physiological activities. The complicated interconnection among eATP in relation to its receptors, eATP/iATP homeostasis, ROS, NO, and heat shock proteins triggered by eATP recognition has been emphasized. This paper reviews recent advances in the beneficial effects of energy handling, outlines the production and homeostasis of eATP, discusses the possible mechanism of eATP and its receptors in chilling tolerance, and provides future research directions for CI in postharvest fruits and vegetables during low-temperature storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youxia Shan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zisheng Luo
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Taotao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongxia Qu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuewu Duan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yueming Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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19
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Gong J, Yao L, Jiao C, Guo Z, Li S, Zuo Y, Shen Y. Ethyl Vinyl Ketone Activates K + Efflux to Regulate Stomatal Closure by MRP4-Dependent eATP Accumulation Working Upstream of H 2O 2 Burst in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169002. [PMID: 36012268 PMCID: PMC9409277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants regulate stomatal mobility to limit water loss and improve pathogen resistance. Ethyl vinyl ketone (evk) is referred to as a reactive electrophilic substance (RES). In this paper, we found that evk can mediate stomatal closure and that evk-induced stomatal closure by increasing guard cell K+ efflux. To investigate the role of eATP, and H2O2 in evk-regulated K+ efflux, we used Arabidopsis wild-type (WT), mutant lines of mrp4, mrp5, dorn1.3 and rbohd/f. Non-invasive micro-test technology (NMT) data showed that evk-induced K+ efflux was diminished in mrp4, rbohd/f, and dorn1.3 mutant, which means eATP and H2O2 work upstream of evk-induced K+ efflux. According to the eATP content assay, evk stimulated eATP production mainly by MRP4. In mrp4 and mrp5 mutant groups and the ABC transporter inhibitor glibenclamide (Gli)-pretreated group, evk-regulated stomatal closure and eATP buildup were diminished, especially in the mrp4 group. According to qRT-PCR and eATP concentration results, evk regulates both relative gene expressions of MRP4/5 and eATP concentration in rbohd/f and WT group. According to the confocal data, evk-induced H2O2 production was lower in mrp4, mrp5 mutants, which implied that eATP works upstream of H2O2. Moreover, NADPH-dependent H2O2 burst is regulated by DORN1. A yeast two-hybrid assay, firefly luciferase complementation imaging assay, bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay, and pulldown assay showed that the interaction between DORN1 and RBOHF can be realized, which means DORN1 may control H2O2 burst by regulating RBOHF through interaction. This study reveals that evk-induced stomatal closure requires MRP4-dependent eATP accumulation and subsequent H2O2 accumulation to regulate K+ efflux.
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20
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Myers RJ, Fichman Y, Stacey G, Mittler R. Extracellular ATP plays an important role in systemic wound response activation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:1314-1325. [PMID: 35348752 PMCID: PMC9237675 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical wounding occurs in plants during biotic or abiotic stresses and is associated with the activation of long-distance signaling pathways that trigger wound responses in systemic tissues. Among the different systemic signals activated by wounding are electric signals, calcium, hydraulic, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) waves. The release of glutamate (Glu) from cells at the wounded tissues was recently proposed to trigger systemic signal transduction pathways via GLU-LIKE RECEPTORs (GLRs). However, the role of another important compound released from cells during wounding (extracellular ATP [eATP]) in triggering systemic responses is not clear. Here, we show in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) that wounding results in the accumulation of nanomolar levels of eATP and that these levels are sufficient to trigger the systemic ROS wave. We further show that the triggering of the ROS wave by eATP during wounding requires the PURINORECEPTOR 2 KINASE (P2K) receptor. Application of eATP to unwounded leaves triggered the ROS wave, and the activation of the ROS wave by wounding or eATP application was suppressed in mutants deficient in P2Ks (e.g. p2k1-3, p2k2, and p2k1-3p2k2). In addition, expression of systemic wound response (SWR) transcripts was suppressed in mutants deficient in P2Ks during wounding. Interestingly, the effect of Glu and eATP application on ROS wave activation was not additive, suggesting that these two compounds function in the same pathway to trigger the ROS wave. Our findings reveal that in addition to sensing Glu via GLRs, eATP sensed by P2Ks plays a key role in the triggering of SWRs in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald J Myers
- The Division of Plant Sciences Technology, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65201, USA
| | - Yosef Fichman
- The Division of Plant Sciences Technology, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65201, USA
| | - Gary Stacey
- The Division of Plant Sciences Technology, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65201, USA
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21
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Shi Z, Wang H, Zhang Y, Jia L, Pang H, Feng H, Wang X. The involvement of extracellular ATP in regulating the stunted growth of Arabidopsis plants by repeated wounding. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:279. [PMID: 35676637 PMCID: PMC9175478 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03656-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular ATP (exATP) has been shown to act as a signal molecule for regulating growth, development, and responses of plants to the external environment. RESULTS In this study, we investigated the possible involvement of exATP in regulating the stunted growth caused by repeated wounding. The present work showed that the repeated wounding caused the decreases in leaf area, fresh weight, dry weight, and root length of Arabidopsis seedlings, while the exATP level was enhanced by the repeated wounding. Repeated application of exogenous ATP had similar effects on the plant growth, as the repeated wounding. Through the comparison of p2k1-3 mutant (in which T-DNA disrupted the gene coding P2K1, as exATP receptor) and wide type (WT) plants, it was found that the mutation in P2K1 decreased the sensitivity of plant growth to the repeated wounding and exogenous ATP application. Further works showed that the ibuprofen (IBU, an inhibitor of jasmonate biosynthesis) partially rescued the wound-induced growth degradation. In comparison, the P2K1 mutation partly rescued the wound-induced growth degradation, whereas this mutation failed to do so in the wounded seedlings treated with IBU, indicating that the role of exATP in regulating the growth degradation by repeated wounding could be linked to the JA signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, these results indicate that exATP could be a regulator for the stunted growth of plants by repeated wounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Shi
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Hanqi Wang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Yuejing Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Lingyun Jia
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Hailong Pang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Hanqing Feng
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
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22
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Chattha MU, Hassan MUU, Khan I, Nawaz M, Shah AN, Sattar A, Hashem M, Alamri S, Aslam MT, Alhaithloul HAS, Hassan MU, Qari SH. Hydrogen peroxide priming alleviates salinity induced toxic effect in maize by improving antioxidant defense system, ionic homeostasis, photosynthetic efficiency and hormonal crosstalk. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:5611-5624. [PMID: 35618939 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07535-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salinity stress (SS) is a serious detrimental factor for crop growth and productivity and its intensity it is continuously increasing which is posing serious threat to global food security. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) priming has emerged as an excellent strategy to mitigate the adverse impacts of SS. However, the role of H2O2 priming in mitigating the salinity induced toxicity is not fully explored. METHODS AND RESULTS Therefore, in this context the present study was conducted in complete randomized design (CRD) in factorial combination to determine the impact of H2O2 priming on germination, growth, physiological and biochemical traits, osmo-regulating compounds, hormonal balance and ionic homeostasis. The experiment was based on different levels of SS; control, 6 and 12 dS m-1 SS and priming treatments, control and H2O2 priming (2%). Salinity stress significantly reduced the growth, leaf water status (- 15.55%), calcium (Ca2+), potassium (K+) and magnesium (Mg2+) accumulation and increased malondialdehyde (MDA: + 29.95%), H2O2 (+ 21.48%) contents, osmo-regulating compounds (proline, soluble sugars), indole acetic acid (IAA), anti-oxidant activities (ascorbate peroxidase: APX, catalase: CAT, peroxidase: POD and ascorbic acid: AsA) and accumulation of sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-.). H2O2 priming effectively reduced the effects of SS on germination and growth and strengthen the anti-oxidant activities through reduced MDA (- 12.36%) and H2O2 (- 21.13%) and increasing leaf water status (16.90%), soluble protein (+ 71.32%), free amino acids (+ 26.41%), proline (+ 49.18%), soluble sugars (+ 71.02%), IAA (+ 57.59%) and gibberlic acid (GA) (+ 21.11%). Above all, H2O2 priming reduced the massive entry of noxious ions (Na+ and Cl-) while increased the entry of Ca2+, K+ and Mg2+ thus improved the plant performance under SS. CONCLUSION In conclusion H2O2 priming was proved beneficial for improving maize growth under SS thorough enhanced anti-oxidant activities, photosynthetic pigments, leaf water status, accumulation of osmo-regulating compounds, hormonal balance and ionic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Uzair Ul Hassan
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Adnan Noor Shah
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Abdul Sattar
- College of Agriculture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan Bahadur Sub Campus, Layyah, Punjab, 31200, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed Hashem
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia.,Faculty of Science, Botany and Microbiology Department, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Saad Alamri
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Muhammad Umair Hassan
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Sameer H Qari
- Department of Biology, Al-Jumum University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, 21955, Saudi Arabia
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Duong HN, Cho SH, Wang L, Pham AQ, Davies JM, Stacey G. Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 6 is involved in extracellular ATP signaling and plant immunity. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:1386-1396. [PMID: 34919778 PMCID: PMC9206762 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular ATP (eATP) is known to act as a danger signal in both plants and animals. In plants, eATP is recognized by the plasma membrane (PM)-localized receptor P2K1 (LecRK-I.9). Among the first measurable responses to eATP addition is a rapid rise in cytoplasmic free calcium levels ([Ca2+ ]cyt ), which requires P2K1. However, the specific transporter/channel proteins that mediate this rise in [Ca2+ ]cyt are unknown. Through a forward genetic screen, we identified an Arabidopsis ethylmethanesulfonate (EMS) mutant impaired in the [Ca2+ ]cyt response to eATP. Positional cloning revealed that the mutation resided in the cngc6 gene, which encodes cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 6 (CNGC6). Mutation of the CNGC6 gene led to a notable decrease in the PM inward Ca2+ current in response to eATP. eATP-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and gene expression were also significantly lower in cngc6 mutant plants. In addition, cngc6 mutant plants were also more susceptible to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae. Taken together, our results indicate that CNGC6 plays a crucial role in mediating eATP-induced [Ca2+ ]cyt signaling, as well as plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha N. Duong
- Divisions of Plant Sciences and Technology and Biochemistry, National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Sung-Hwan Cho
- Divisions of Plant Sciences and Technology and Biochemistry, National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Limin Wang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - An Q. Pham
- Divisions of Plant Sciences and Technology and Biochemistry, National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Julia M. Davies
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Gary Stacey
- Divisions of Plant Sciences and Technology and Biochemistry, National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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24
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Wang H, Zhang Y, Shi Z, Pang H, Jia L, Feng H. Extracellular ATP is involved in regulating Arabidopsis seed germination. PLANTA 2022; 255:66. [PMID: 35152326 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03839-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular ATP level induced a transient increase during germination of Arabidopsis seeds, and extracellular ATP could negatively regulate the seed germination by its receptor, DORN1. Extracellular ATP (exATP) acts as a signal molecule for regulating growth, development, and responses of plants to external environments. In this study, we investigated the possible involvement of exATP in regulating the seed germination of Arabidopsis thaliana. Treatments of Arabidopsis seeds with exogenous ATP delayed seed germination, suggesting that exATP could be a repressor for seed germination. During the germination of Arabidopsis seeds, the exATP level of the seeds presented a transient increase. When exogenous application of the glucose-hexokinase system effectively decreased the exATP level of the Arabidopsis seeds during germination, the percentage of germination was significantly enhanced, while the products of ATP hydrolysis had no effects on the germination. Further studies showed that the seeds of dorn 1-3 mutant plants (mutation in exATP receptor) showed a higher germination percentage, compared to the seeds of wide type (WT) plants. In addition, the dorn 1-3 mutant seeds were less sensitive to the delay-effect of exogenous ATP on seed germination than the WT seeds. The dorn 1-3 mutant seeds presented a higher GA (gibberellin) content, lower ABA (abscisic acid) content, and lower ratio of ABA/GA contents before the imbibition, compared to the WT seeds. The regulation of seed germination by exATP was dependent on the external temperature. These data suggest that exATP is involved in regulating Arabidopsis seed germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqi Wang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Yuejing Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Zhenzhen Shi
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Hailong Pang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Lingyun Jia
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Hanqing Feng
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China.
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25
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Wang Z, Gou X. The First Line of Defense: Receptor-like Protein Kinase-Mediated Stomatal Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010343. [PMID: 35008769 PMCID: PMC8745683 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stomata regulate gas and water exchange between the plant and external atmosphere, which are vital for photosynthesis and transpiration. Stomata are also the natural entrance for pathogens invading into the apoplast. Therefore, stomata play an important role in plants against pathogens. The pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) locate in guard cells to perceive pathogen/microbe-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and trigger a series of plant innate immune responses, including rapid closure of stomata to limit bacterial invasion, which is termed stomatal immunity. Many PRRs involved in stomatal immunity are plasma membrane-located receptor-like protein kinases (RLKs). This review focuses on the current research progress of RLK-mediated signaling pathways involved in stomatal immunity, and discusses questions that need to be addressed in future research.
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Zhang Y, Sun Y, Liu X, Deng J, Yao J, Zhang Y, Deng S, Zhang H, Zhao N, Li J, Zhou X, Zhao R, Chen S. Populus euphratica Apyrases Increase Drought Tolerance by Modulating Stomatal Aperture in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189892. [PMID: 34576057 PMCID: PMC8468604 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stomatal regulation is crucial to reduce water consumption under drought conditions. Extracellular ATP (eATP) serves as a signaling agent in stomatal regulation; however, it is less known whether the eATP mediation of stomatal aperture is linked to apyrases (APYs), the principal enzymes that control the concentration of eATP. To clarify the role of APYs in stomatal control, PeAPY1 and PeAPY2 were isolated from Populus euphratica and transferred into Arabidopsis. Compared with the wild-type Arabidopsis and loss-of-function mutants (Atapy1 and Atapy2), PeAPY1- and PeAPY2-transgenic plants decreased stomatal aperture under mannitol treatment (200 mM, 2 h) and reduced water loss during air exposure (90 min). The role of apyrase in stomatal regulation resulted from its control in eATP-regulated stomatal movements and increased stomatal sensitivity to ABA. The bi-phasic dose-responses to applied nucleotides, i.e., the low ATP (0.3-1.0 mM)-promoted opening and high ATP (>2.0 mM)-promoted closure, were both restricted by P. euphratica apyrases. It is noteworthy that eATP at a low concentration (0.3 mM) counteracted ABA action in the regulation of stomatal aperture, while overexpression of PeAPY1 or PeAPY2 effectively diminished eATP promotion in opening, and consequently enhanced ABA action in closure. We postulate a speculative model of apyrase signaling in eATP- and ABA-regulated stomatal movements under drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (X.L.); (J.D.); (J.Y.); (N.Z.); (J.L.); (X.Z.); (R.Z.)
| | - Yuanling Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (X.L.); (J.D.); (J.Y.); (N.Z.); (J.L.); (X.Z.); (R.Z.)
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (X.L.); (J.D.); (J.Y.); (N.Z.); (J.L.); (X.Z.); (R.Z.)
| | - Jiayin Deng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (X.L.); (J.D.); (J.Y.); (N.Z.); (J.L.); (X.Z.); (R.Z.)
| | - Jun Yao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (X.L.); (J.D.); (J.Y.); (N.Z.); (J.L.); (X.Z.); (R.Z.)
| | - Yinan Zhang
- Forestry Institute of New Technology, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China;
| | - Shurong Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, The Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China;
| | - Huilong Zhang
- Research Center of Saline and Alkali Land of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China;
| | - Nan Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (X.L.); (J.D.); (J.Y.); (N.Z.); (J.L.); (X.Z.); (R.Z.)
| | - Jinke Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (X.L.); (J.D.); (J.Y.); (N.Z.); (J.L.); (X.Z.); (R.Z.)
| | - Xiaoyang Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (X.L.); (J.D.); (J.Y.); (N.Z.); (J.L.); (X.Z.); (R.Z.)
| | - Rui Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (X.L.); (J.D.); (J.Y.); (N.Z.); (J.L.); (X.Z.); (R.Z.)
| | - Shaoliang Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (X.L.); (J.D.); (J.Y.); (N.Z.); (J.L.); (X.Z.); (R.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-6233-8129
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P2K1 Receptor, Heterotrimeric Gα Protein and CNGC2/4 Are Involved in Extracellular ATP-Promoted Ion Influx in the Pollen of Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10081743. [PMID: 34451790 PMCID: PMC8400636 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As an apoplastic signal, extracellular ATP (eATP) is involved in plant growth and development. eATP promotes tobacco pollen germination (PG) and pollen tube growth (PTG) by stimulating Ca2+ or K+ absorption. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying eATP-stimulated ion uptake and their role in PG and PTG are still unclear. Here, ATP addition was found to modulate PG and PTG in 34 plant species and showed a promoting effect in most of these species. Furthermore, by using Arabidopsis thaliana as a model, the role of several signaling components involved in eATP-promoted ion (Ca2+, K+) uptake, PG, and PTG were investigated. ATP stimulated while apyrase inhibited PG and PTG. Patch-clamping results showed that ATP promoted K+ and Ca2+ influx into pollen protoplasts. In loss-of-function mutants of P2K1 (dorn1-1 and dorn1-3), heterotrimeric G protein α subunit (gpa1-1, gpa1-2), or cyclic nucleotide gated ion channel (cngc2, cngc4), eATP-stimulated PG, PTG, and ion influx were all impaired. Our results suggest that these signaling components may be involved in eATP-promoted PG and PTG by regulating Ca2+ or K+ influx in Arabidopsis pollen grains.
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Zhao G, Liu Y, Du J, Zhang H, Feng H, Lu X. Application of tetrahedral -deoxyribonucleic acid electrochemistry platform coupling aptazymes and hybridized hairpin reactions for the measurement of extracellular adenosine triphosphate in plants. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1172:338681. [PMID: 34119022 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular ATP (eATP) is an important biological signal transduction molecule. Although a variety of detection methods have been extensively used in ATP sensing and analysis, accurate detection of eATP remains difficult due to its extremely low concentration and spatiotemporal distribution. Here, an eATP measurement strategy based on tetrahedral DNA (T-DNA)-modified electrode sensing platform and hybridization chain reaction (HCR) combined with G-quadruplex/Hemin (G4/Hemin) DNAzyme dual signal amplification is proposed. In this strategy, ATP aptamer and RNA-cleaving DNAzyme were combined to form a split aptazyme. In the presence of ATP, this aptazyme hydrolyzes the cleaving substrate strand with high selectivity, releasing cleaved ssDNA, which are captured by the T-DNA assembled on the electrode surface, triggering an HCR on the electrode surface to form numerous linker sequences of the HCR dsDNA product. When G-quadruplex@AuNPs (G4) spherical nucleic acid enzymes (SNAzymes) with other linkers are used as nanocatalyst tags, they are captured by HCR dsDNA through sticky linkers present on the electrode surface. An amplified electrochemical redox current signal is generated through SNAzyme-mediated catalysis of H2O2, enabling easy detection of picomole amounts of ATP. Using this strategy, eATP levels released by tobacco suspension cells were accurately measured and the distribution and concentration of eATP released on the surface of an Arabidopsis leaf was determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyan Zhao
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Yongmei Liu
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Jie Du
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China; Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China.
| | - Huizi Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Hanqing Feng
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China.
| | - Xiaoquan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry & Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China.
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29
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Oelmüller R. Threat at One End of the Plant: What Travels to Inform the Other Parts? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3152. [PMID: 33808792 PMCID: PMC8003533 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptation and response to environmental changes require dynamic and fast information distribution within the plant body. If one part of a plant is exposed to stress, attacked by other organisms or exposed to any other kind of threat, the information travels to neighboring organs and even neighboring plants and activates appropriate responses. The information flow is mediated by fast-traveling small metabolites, hormones, proteins/peptides, RNAs or volatiles. Electric and hydraulic waves also participate in signal propagation. The signaling molecules move from one cell to the neighboring cell, via the plasmodesmata, through the apoplast, within the vascular tissue or-as volatiles-through the air. A threat-specific response in a systemic tissue probably requires a combination of different traveling compounds. The propagating signals must travel over long distances and multiple barriers, and the signal intensity declines with increasing distance. This requires permanent amplification processes, feedback loops and cross-talks among the different traveling molecules and probably a short-term memory, to refresh the propagation process. Recent studies show that volatiles activate defense responses in systemic tissues but also play important roles in the maintenance of the propagation of traveling signals within the plant. The distal organs can respond immediately to the systemic signals or memorize the threat information and respond faster and stronger when they are exposed again to the same or even another threat. Transmission and storage of information is accompanied by loss of specificity about the threat that activated the process. I summarize our knowledge about the proposed long-distance traveling compounds and discuss their possible connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Oelmüller
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany
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30
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Mohammad-Sidik A, Sun J, Shin R, Song Z, Ning Y, Matthus E, Wilkins KA, Davies JM. Annexin 1 Is a Component of eATP-Induced Cytosolic Calcium Elevation in Arabidopsis thaliana Roots. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020494. [PMID: 33419052 PMCID: PMC7825420 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular ATP (eATP) has long been established in animals as an important signalling molecule but this is less understood in plants. The identification of Arabidopsis thaliana DORN1 (Does Not Respond to Nucleotides) as the first plant eATP receptor has shown that it is fundamental to the elevation of cytosolic free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]cyt) as a possible second messenger. eATP causes other downstream responses such as increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide, plus changes in gene expression. The plasma membrane Ca2+ influx channels involved in eATP-induced [Ca2+]cyt increase remain unknown at the genetic level. Arabidopsis thaliana Annexin 1 has been found to mediate ROS-activated Ca2+ influx in root epidermis, consistent with its operating as a transport pathway. In this study, the loss of function Annexin 1 mutant was found to have impaired [Ca2+]cyt elevation in roots in response to eATP or eADP. Additionally, this annexin was implicated in modulating eATP-induced intracellular ROS accumulation in roots as well as expression of eATP-responsive genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirah Mohammad-Sidik
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK; (A.M.-S.); (Y.N.); (E.M.); (K.A.W.)
| | - Jian Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China;
| | - Ryoung Shin
- RIKEN Centre for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan;
| | - Zhizhong Song
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264205, China;
| | - Youzheng Ning
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK; (A.M.-S.); (Y.N.); (E.M.); (K.A.W.)
| | - Elsa Matthus
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK; (A.M.-S.); (Y.N.); (E.M.); (K.A.W.)
| | - Katie A. Wilkins
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK; (A.M.-S.); (Y.N.); (E.M.); (K.A.W.)
| | - Julia M. Davies
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK; (A.M.-S.); (Y.N.); (E.M.); (K.A.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-1223-333-939
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31
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Woods LT, Forti KM, Shanbhag VC, Camden JM, Weisman GA. P2Y receptors for extracellular nucleotides: Contributions to cancer progression and therapeutic implications. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 187:114406. [PMID: 33412103 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Purinergic receptors for extracellular nucleotides and nucleosides contribute to a vast array of cellular and tissue functions, including cell proliferation, intracellular and transmembrane ion flux, immunomodulation and thrombosis. In mammals, the purinergic receptor system is composed of G protein-coupled P1 receptors A1, A2A, A2B and A3 for extracellular adenosine, P2X1-7 receptors that are ATP-gated ion channels and G protein-coupled P2Y1,2,4,6,11,12,13 and 14 receptors for extracellular ATP, ADP, UTP, UDP and/or UDP-glucose. Recent studies have implicated specific P2Y receptor subtypes in numerous oncogenic processes, including cancer tumorigenesis, metastasis and chemotherapeutic drug resistance, where G protein-mediated signaling cascades modulate intracellular ion concentrations and activate downstream protein kinases, Src family kinases as well as numerous mitogen-activated protein kinases. We are honored to contribute to this special issue dedicated to the founder of the field of purinergic signaling, Dr. Geoffrey Burnstock, by reviewing the diverse roles of P2Y receptors in the initiation, progression and metastasis of specific cancers with an emphasis on pharmacological and genetic strategies employed to delineate cell-specific and P2Y receptor subtype-specific responses that have been investigated using in vitro and in vivo cancer models. We further highlight bioinformatic and empirical evidence on P2Y receptor expression in human clinical specimens and cover clinical perspectives where P2Y receptor-targeting interventions may have therapeutic relevance to cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas T Woods
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Kevin Muñoz Forti
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Vinit C Shanbhag
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jean M Camden
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Gary A Weisman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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Sun T, Zhang Y. Short- and long-distance signaling in plant defense. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:505-517. [PMID: 33145833 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
When encountering microbial pathogens, plant cells can recognize danger signals derived from pathogens, activate plant immune responses and generate cell-autonomous as well as non-cell-autonomous defense signaling molecules, which promotes defense responses at the infection site and in the neighboring cells. Meanwhile, local damages can result in the release of immunogenic signals including damage-associated molecule patterns and phytocytokines, which also serve as danger signals to potentiate immune responses in cells surrounding the infection site. Activation of local defense responses further induces the production of long-distance defense signals, which can move to distal tissue to activate systemic acquired resistance. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on various signaling molecules involved in short- and long-distance defense signaling, and emphasize the roles of regulatory proteins involved in the processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongjun Sun
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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33
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Sun J, Ning Y, Wang L, Wilkins KA, Davies JM. Damage Signaling by Extracellular Nucleotides: A Role for Cyclic Nucleotides in Elevating Cytosolic Free Calcium? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:788514. [PMID: 34925428 PMCID: PMC8675005 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.788514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular ATP (eATP) is now held to be a constitutive damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) that is released by wounding, herbivory or pathogen attack. The concentration of eATP must be tightly regulated as either depletion or overload leads to cell death. In Arabidopsis thaliana, sensing of eATP is by two plasma membrane legume-like lectin serine-threonine receptor kinases (P2K1 and P2K2), although other receptors are postulated. The transcriptional response to eATP is dominated by wound- and defense-response genes. Wounding and pathogen attack can involve the cyclic nucleotides cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cyclic GMP (cGMP) which, in common with eATP, can increase cytosolic-free Ca2+ as a second messenger. This perspective on DAMP signaling by eATP considers the possibility that the eATP pathway involves production of cyclic nucleotides to promote opening of cyclic nucleotide-gated channels and so elevates cytosolic-free Ca2+. In silico analysis of P2K1 and P2K2 reveals putative adenylyl and guanylyl kinase sequences that are the hallmarks of "moonlighting" receptors capable of cAMP and cGMP production. Further, an Arabidopsis loss of function cngc mutant was found to have an impaired increase in cytosolic-free Ca2+ in response to eATP. A link between eATP, cyclic nucleotides, and Ca2+ signaling therefore appears credible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sun
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Youzheng Ning
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Limin Wang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Katie A. Wilkins
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Julia M. Davies
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Julia M. Davies,
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Tiong J, Sharma N, Sampath R, MacKenzie N, Watanabe S, Metot C, Lu Z, Skinner W, Lu Y, Kridl J, Baumann U, Heuer S, Kaiser B, Okamoto M. Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency Through Overexpression of Alanine Aminotransferase in Rice, Wheat, and Barley. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:628521. [PMID: 33584777 PMCID: PMC7875890 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.628521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for plants, but crop plants are inefficient in the acquisition and utilization of applied nitrogen. This often results in producers over applying nitrogen fertilizers, which can negatively impact the environment. The development of crop plants with more efficient nitrogen usage is, therefore, an important research goal in achieving greater agricultural sustainability. We utilized genetically modified rice lines over-expressing a barley alanine aminotransferase (HvAlaAT) to help characterize pathways which lead to more efficient use of nitrogen. Under the control of a stress-inducible promoter OsAnt1, OsAnt1:HvAlaAT lines have increased above-ground biomass with little change to both nitrate and ammonium uptake rates. Based on metabolic profiles, carbon metabolites, particularly those involved in glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, were significantly altered in roots of OsAnt1:HvAlaAT lines, suggesting higher metabolic turnover. Moreover, transcriptomic data revealed that genes involved in glycolysis and TCA cycle were upregulated. These observations suggest that higher activity of these two processes could result in higher energy production, driving higher nitrogen assimilation, consequently increasing biomass production. Other potential mechanisms contributing to a nitrogen-use efficient phenotype include involvements of phytohormonal responses and an alteration in secondary metabolism. We also conducted basic growth studies to evaluate the effect of the OsAnt1:HvAlaAT transgene in barley and wheat, which the transgenic crop plants increased seed production under controlled environmental conditions. This study provides comprehensive profiling of genetic and metabolic responses to the over-expression of AlaAT and unravels several components and pathways which contribute to its nitrogen-use efficient phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Tiong
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Niharika Sharma
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Orange, NSW, Australia
| | - Ramya Sampath
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Nenah MacKenzie
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Sayuri Watanabe
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
- ARC Industrial Transformation Research Hub for Wheat in a Hot and Dry Climate, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Claire Metot
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
- ARC Industrial Transformation Research Hub for Wheat in a Hot and Dry Climate, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Zhongjin Lu
- Arcadia Biosciences, Davis, CA, United States
| | | | - Yingzhi Lu
- Arcadia Biosciences, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Jean Kridl
- Arcadia Biosciences, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Ute Baumann
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
- ARC Industrial Transformation Research Hub for Wheat in a Hot and Dry Climate, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Sigrid Heuer
- ARC Industrial Transformation Research Hub for Wheat in a Hot and Dry Climate, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom
| | - Brent Kaiser
- ARC Industrial Transformation Research Hub for Wheat in a Hot and Dry Climate, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
- Centre for Carbon, Water and Food, University of Sydney, Brownlow Hill, NSW, Australia
| | - Mamoru Okamoto
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
- ARC Industrial Transformation Research Hub for Wheat in a Hot and Dry Climate, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Mamoru Okamoto,
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Vega-Muñoz I, Duran-Flores D, Fernández-Fernández ÁD, Heyman J, Ritter A, Stael S. Breaking Bad News: Dynamic Molecular Mechanisms of Wound Response in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:610445. [PMID: 33363562 PMCID: PMC7752953 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.610445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Recognition and repair of damaged tissue are an integral part of life. The failure of cells and tissues to appropriately respond to damage can lead to severe dysfunction and disease. Therefore, it is essential that we understand the molecular pathways of wound recognition and response. In this review, we aim to provide a broad overview of the molecular mechanisms underlying the fate of damaged cells and damage recognition in plants. Damaged cells release the so-called damage associated molecular patterns to warn the surrounding tissue. Local signaling through calcium (Ca2+), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and hormones, such as jasmonic acid, activates defense gene expression and local reinforcement of cell walls to seal off the wound and prevent evaporation and pathogen colonization. Depending on the severity of damage, Ca2+, ROS, and electrical signals can also spread throughout the plant to elicit a systemic defense response. Special emphasis is placed on the spatiotemporal dimension in order to obtain a mechanistic understanding of wound signaling in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Vega-Muñoz
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Plantas, CINVESTAV-Irapuato, Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Dalia Duran-Flores
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Plantas, CINVESTAV-Irapuato, Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Álvaro Daniel Fernández-Fernández
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jefri Heyman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andrés Ritter
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Simon Stael
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
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Narula K, Elagamey E, Abdellatef MAE, Sinha A, Ghosh S, Chakraborty N, Chakraborty S. Chitosan-triggered immunity to Fusarium in chickpea is associated with changes in the plant extracellular matrix architecture, stomatal closure and remodeling of the plant metabolome and proteome. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:561-583. [PMID: 32170889 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pathogen-/microbe-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs/MAMPs) initiate complex defense responses by reorganizing the biomolecular dynamics of the host cellular machinery. The extracellular matrix (ECM) acts as a physical scaffold that prevents recognition and entry of phytopathogens, while guard cells perceive and integrate signals metabolically. Although chitosan is a known MAMP implicated in plant defense, the precise mechanism of chitosan-triggered immunity (CTI) remains unknown. Here, we show how chitosan imparts immunity against fungal disease. Morpho-histological examination revealed stomatal closure accompanied by reductions in stomatal conductance and transpiration rate as early responses in chitosan-treated seedlings upon vascular fusariosis. Electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy showed ECM fortification leading to oligosaccharide signaling, as documented by increased galactose, pectin and associated secondary metabolites. Multiomics approach using quantitative ECM proteomics and metabolomics identified 325 chitosan-triggered immune-responsive proteins (CTIRPs), notably novel ECM structural proteins, LYM2 and receptor-like kinases, and 65 chitosan-triggered immune-responsive metabolites (CTIRMs), including sugars, sugar alcohols, fatty alcohols, organic and amino acids. Identified proteins and metabolites are linked to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, stomatal movement, root nodule development and root architecture coupled with oligosaccharide signaling that leads to Fusarium resistance. The cumulative data demonstrate that ROS, NO and eATP govern CTI, in addition to induction of PR proteins, CAZymes and PAL activities, besides accumulation of phenolic compounds downstream of CTI. The immune-related correlation network identified functional hubs in the CTI pathway. Altogether, these shifts led to the discovery of chitosan-responsive networks that cause significant ECM and guard cell remodeling, and translate ECM cues into cell fate decisions during fusariosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Narula
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Eman Elagamey
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
- Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), 9 Gamaa St, Giza, 12619, Egypt
| | - Magdi A E Abdellatef
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
- Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), 9 Gamaa St, Giza, 12619, Egypt
| | - Arunima Sinha
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Sudip Ghosh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Niranjan Chakraborty
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Subhra Chakraborty
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
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Abstract
Purinergic signaling was proposed in 1972, after it was demonstrated that adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) was a transmitter in nonadrenergic, noncholinergic inhibitory nerves supplying the guinea-pig taenia coli. Later, ATP was identified as an excitatory cotransmitter in sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves, and it is now apparent that ATP acts as a cotransmitter in most, if not all, nerves in both the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system (CNS). ATP acts as a short-term signaling molecule in neurotransmission, neuromodulation, and neurosecretion. It also has potent, long-term (trophic) roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, and death in development and regeneration. Receptors to purines and pyrimidines have been cloned and characterized: P1 adenosine receptors (with four subtypes), P2X ionotropic nucleotide receptors (seven subtypes) and P2Y metabotropic nucleotide receptors (eight subtypes). ATP is released from different cell types by mechanical deformation, and after release, it is rapidly broken down by ectonucleotidases. Purinergic receptors were expressed early in evolution and are widely distributed on many different nonneuronal cell types as well as neurons. Purinergic signaling is involved in embryonic development and in the activities of stem cells. There is a growing understanding about the pathophysiology of purinergic signaling and there are therapeutic developments for a variety of diseases, including stroke and thrombosis, osteoporosis, pain, chronic cough, kidney failure, bladder incontinence, cystic fibrosis, dry eye, cancer, and disorders of the CNS, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's. and Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, migraine, and neuropsychiatric and mood disorders.
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Chivasa S. Insights into Plant Extracellular ATP Signaling Revealed by the Discovery of an ATP-Regulated Transcription Factor. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:673-674. [PMID: 32170935 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Chivasa
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
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Zhu R, Dong X, Xue Y, Xu J, Zhang A, Feng M, Zhao Q, Xia S, Yin Y, He S, Li Y, Liu T, Kang E, Shang Z. Redox-Responsive Transcription Factor 1 (RRFT1) Is Involved in Extracellular ATP-Regulated Arabidopsis thaliana Seedling Growth. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:685-698. [PMID: 32049334 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP) is an apoplastic signaling molecule that plays an essential role in the growth and development of plants. Arabidopsis seedlings have been reported to respond to eATP; however, the downstream signaling components are still not well understood. In this study, we report that an ethylene-responsive factor, Redox-Responsive Transcription Factor 1 (RRTF1), is involved in eATP-regulated Arabidopsis thaliana seedling growth. Exogenous adenosine triphosphate inhibited green seedling root growth and induced hypocotyl bending of etiolated seedlings. RRTF1 loss-of-function mutant (rrtf1) seedlings showed decreased responses to eATP, while its complementation or overexpression led to recovered or increased eATP responsiveness. RRTF1 was expressed rapidly after eATP stimulation and then migrated into the nuclei of root tip cells. eATP-induced auxin accumulation in root tip or hypocotyl cells was impaired in rrtf1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and high-throughput sequencing results indicated that eATP induced some genes related to cell growth and development in wild type but not in rrtf1 cells. These results suggest that RRTF1 may be involved in eATP signaling by regulating functional gene expression and cell metabolism in Arabidopsis seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruojia Zhu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, China
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaoxia Dong
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, China
- Department of Chemistry Engineering and Biological Technology, Xingtai University, Xingtai 054001, Hebei, China
| | - Yingying Xue
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Jiawei Xu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Aiqi Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Meng Feng
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Shuyan Xia
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Yahong Yin
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Shihua He
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Yuke Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Erfang Kang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Zhonglin Shang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, China
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40
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Li Q, Wang C, Mou Z. Perception of Damaged Self in Plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 182:1545-1565. [PMID: 31907298 PMCID: PMC7140957 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.01242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plants use specific receptor proteins on the cell surface to detect host-derived danger signals released in response to attacks by pathogens or herbivores and activate immune responses against them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Chenggang Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Zhonglin Mou
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
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Abstract
Extracellular ATP functions as an important signaling molecule in both plants and animals. In plants, ATP is released in the extracellular region of cells in response to environmental perturbations, such as herbivory, cellular damage, or other abiotic and biotic stimuli, which is then perceived by the purinoceptor P2K1 as a damaged-self signal for activation of defense responses. Given its involvement in various physiological processes, quantification of extracellular ATP is important for further understanding of its molecular function. In this chapter, we describe a method for the accurate and reliable determination of extracellular ATP concentrations in plant cell culture media based on the luciferase-luciferin reaction, using either end-point or real-time detection assays. The protocol can be easily performed with any luminometer within 1 h after sample collection. Although we use Arabidopsis suspension cells, the protocol described can be optimized for any cell type.
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Extracellular ATP affects cell viability, respiratory O2 uptake, and intracellular ATP production of tobacco cell suspension culture in response to hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress. Biologia (Bratisl) 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-020-00442-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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43
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Andrejew R, Glaser T, Oliveira-Giacomelli Á, Ribeiro D, Godoy M, Granato A, Ulrich H. Targeting Purinergic Signaling and Cell Therapy in Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1201:275-353. [PMID: 31898792 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-31206-0_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular purines exert several functions in physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms. ATP acts through P2 receptors as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator and modulates heart contractility, while adenosine participates in neurotransmission, blood pressure, and many other mechanisms. Because of their capability to differentiate into mature cell types, they provide a unique therapeutic strategy for regenerating damaged tissue, such as in cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Purinergic signaling is pivotal for controlling stem cell differentiation and phenotype determination. Proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of stem cells of various origins are regulated by purinergic receptors. In this chapter, we selected neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases with clinical trials using cell therapy and purinergic receptor targeting. We discuss these approaches as therapeutic alternatives to neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. For instance, promising results were demonstrated in the utilization of mesenchymal stem cells and bone marrow mononuclear cells in vascular regeneration. Regarding neurodegenerative diseases, in general, P2X7 and A2A receptors mostly worsen the degenerative state. Stem cell-based therapy, mainly through mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cells, showed promising results in improving symptoms caused by neurodegeneration. We propose that purinergic receptor activity regulation combined with stem cells could enhance proliferative and differentiation rates as well as cell engraftment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Andrejew
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Talita Glaser
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ágatha Oliveira-Giacomelli
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Deidiane Ribeiro
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Godoy
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Granato
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Pietrowska-Borek M, Dobrogojski J, Sobieszczuk-Nowicka E, Borek S. New Insight into Plant Signaling: Extracellular ATP and Uncommon Nucleotides. Cells 2020; 9:E345. [PMID: 32024306 PMCID: PMC7072326 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
New players in plant signaling are described in detail in this review: extracellular ATP (eATP) and uncommon nucleotides such as dinucleoside polyphosphates (NpnN's), adenosine 5'-phosphoramidate (NH2-pA), and extracellular NAD+ and NADP+ (eNAD(P)+). Recent molecular, physiological, and biochemical evidence implicating concurrently the signaling role of eATP, NpnN's, and NH2-pA in plant biology and the mechanistic events in which they are involved are discussed. Numerous studies have shown that they are often universal signaling messengers, which trigger a signaling cascade in similar reactions and processes among different kingdoms. We also present here, not described elsewhere, a working model of the NpnN' and NH2-pA signaling network in a plant cell where these nucleotides trigger induction of the phenylpropanoid and the isochorismic acid pathways yielding metabolites protecting the plant against various types of stresses. Through these signals, the plant responds to environmental stimuli by intensifying the production of various compounds, such as anthocyanins, lignin, stilbenes, and salicylic acid. Still, more research needs to be performed to identify signaling networks that involve uncommon nucleotides, followed by omic experiments to define network elements and processes that are controlled by these signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Pietrowska-Borek
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agronomy and Bioengineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Jędrzej Dobrogojski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agronomy and Bioengineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Ewa Sobieszczuk-Nowicka
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (E.S.-N.); (S.B.)
| | - Sławomir Borek
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (E.S.-N.); (S.B.)
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45
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Matthus E, Sun J, Wang L, Bhat MG, Mohammad-Sidik AB, Wilkins KA, Leblanc-Fournier N, Legué V, Moulia B, Stacey G, Davies JM. DORN1/P2K1 and purino-calcium signalling in plants: making waves with extracellular ATP. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2020; 124:1227-1242. [PMID: 31904093 PMCID: PMC6943698 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Extracellular ATP governs a range of plant functions, including cell viability, adaptation and cross-kingdom interactions. Key functions of extracellular ATP in leaves and roots may involve an increase in cytosolic free calcium as a second messenger ('calcium signature'). The main aim here was to determine to what extent leaf and root calcium responses require the DORN1/P2K1 extracellular ATP receptor in Arabidopsis thaliana. The second aim was to test whether extracellular ATP can generate a calcium wave in the root. METHODS Leaf and root responses to extracellular ATP were reviewed for their possible links to calcium signalling and DORN1/P2K1. Leaves and roots of wild type and dorn1 plants were tested for cytosolic calcium increase in response to ATP, using aequorin. The spatial abundance of DORN1/P2K1 in the root was estimated using green fluorescent protein. Wild type roots expressing GCaMP3 were used to determine the spatial variation of cytosolic calcium increase in response to extracellular ATP. KEY RESULTS Leaf and root ATP-induced calcium signatures differed markedly. The leaf signature was only partially dependent on DORN1/P2K1, while the root signature was fully dependent. The distribution of DORN1/P2K1 in the root supports a key role in the generation of the apical calcium signature. Root apical and sub-apical calcium signatures may operate independently of each other but an apical calcium increase can drive a sub-apical increase, consistent with a calcium wave. CONCLUSION DORN1 could underpin several calcium-related responses but it may not be the only receptor for extracellular ATP in Arabidopsis. The root has the capacity for a calcium wave, triggered by extracellular ATP at the apex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Matthus
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Institute of Integrative Plant Biology, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Limin Wang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Madhura G Bhat
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Katie A Wilkins
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Valérie Legué
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Moulia
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Gary Stacey
- Divisions of Plant Science and Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Julia M Davies
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- For correspondence. E-mail
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Rukmana TI, Moran G, Méallet-Renault R, Ohtani M, Demura T, Yasukuni R, Hosokawa Y. Enzyme-Assisted Photoinjection of Megadalton Molecules into Intact Plant Cells Using Femtosecond Laser Amplifier. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17530. [PMID: 31772312 PMCID: PMC6879609 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54124-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Femtosecond laser photoporation has become a popular method to deliver various kinds of molecules such as genes, proteins, and fluorescent dyes into single mammalian cells. However, this method is not easily applied to plant cells because their cell wall and turgor pressure prevent the delivery, especially for larger molecules than the mesh size of the cell wall. This work is the first demonstration of the efficient photoinjection of megadalton molecules into a cytoplasm of an intact single plant cell by employing a femtosecond laser amplifier under moderate enzyme treatment conditions. The intense femtosecond laser pulse effectively formed a pore on the cell wall and membrane of Tobacco BY-2, and 2 MDa dextran molecules were introduced through the pore. Along with the pore formation, induced mechanical tensile stresses on BY-2 cells were considered to increase permeability of the cell membrane and enhance the uptake of large molecules. Moreover, the moderate enzyme treatment partially degraded the cell wall thereby facilitating the increase of the molecular introduction efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taufiq Indra Rukmana
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 630-0192, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Gabriela Moran
- Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), CNRS, F-91405, Orsay, France
| | - Rachel Méallet-Renault
- Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), CNRS, F-91405, Orsay, France
| | - Misato Ohtani
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 630-0192, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Taku Demura
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 630-0192, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Ryohei Yasukuni
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 630-0192, Ikoma, Japan.
| | - Yoichiroh Hosokawa
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 630-0192, Ikoma, Japan
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Sivaguru M, Khaw YM, Inoue M. A Confocal Reflection Super-Resolution Technique to Image Golgi-Cox Stained Neurons. J Microsc 2019; 275:115-130. [PMID: 31237354 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Metal-based Golgi-Cox (GC) staining is an established method used to visualise neurons with great morphological detail. Although GC stained samples are imaged routinely under transmitted light microscopy, this method is unable to yield information on the three-dimensional structure of dendrites and neurons and thus help reveal the connective properties of the central nervous system. Although a few studies have attempted simultaneous visualisation of GC staining and antigen-specific fluorescent labelling under a confocal reflection technique, the resolution of both confocal reflection and fluorescence modalities used to acquire GC reflection and fluorescently stained antibody signals are still limited by the diffraction limit of light at about 220 nm. Here, we report a confocal reflection super-resolution technique (CRSR) to break this diffraction barrier, which is achieved by minimising the pinhole size from 1 airy unit (AU) to 0.1 AU. This is achieved by minimising or closing the confocal pinhole size and is possible in this reflection modality, unlike fluorescence, because it is not a photon limited technique. Utilising the lowest wavelength of light available in the system (405 nm), the CRSR technique results in ∼30% lateral and axial resolution improvement. We also show that the CRSR technique can be used in conjunction to visualise both GC and immunofluorescence targets to create precise and improved three-dimensional visualisation and analysis. In addition, using these superresolution confocal reflection data sets from GC in CRSR mode significantly reduced the data overestimation, improving the accuracy of statistical analysis of dendritic spine density and average spine dimensions. Combining the 0.1 AU setting with deconvolution routines, the signal-to-noise ratio and resolution could further be improved an additional ∼20-25%, yielding CRSR images with resolutions up to 2-fold over the diffraction limit both laterally and axially. The improved precision of both visualisation and quantification of subdiffraction limited dendritic spines using the CRSR technique may prove to be critical in investigations that concern changes in detailed neuron morphology under central nervous system disease conditions such as multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. LAY DESCRIPTION: For over a century, Golgi-Cox (GC) has been a leading staining technique in the field of neuroscience, used to visualise neurons with great morphological detail. GC stained brain or spinal cord samples are conventionally visualised under transmitted light techniques. This limits the view of Golgi-staining to a two-dimensional image. A recent report showed that Golgi staining can be visualised in three-dimensions using the reflection modality of the confocal microscope. This visualisation also allows for the simultaneous acquisition of immunofluorescence signals. However, the reported resolution of Golgi staining confocal reflection is limited by the diffraction limit of light, which is around 220 nm. Here, we report a superresolution confocal reflection technique (CRSR) that achieves superresolution by minimising the pinhole size used in confocal microscopy. The CRSR technique results in ∼30% lateral and axial resolution improvement. Adding a deconvolution step in the final processing could improve the SNR and resolution even further up to 2-fold improvement in resolution over the diffraction limit both laterally and axially. We hope that this improved visualisation will help in investigations that concern changes in detailed neuron morphology under central nervous system disease conditions such as multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayandi Sivaguru
- Microscopy and Imaging Core Facility, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, U.S.A.,Carl Zeiss Labs at Location Partner, Microscopy and Imaging Core Facility, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Yee Ming Khaw
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, U.S.A.,Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Makoto Inoue
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, U.S.A.,Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, U.S.A
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Xiao C, Wang L, Hu D, Zhou Q, Huang X. Effects of exogenous bisphenol A on the function of mitochondria in root cells of soybean (Glycine max L.) seedlings. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 222:619-627. [PMID: 30731382 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), a contaminant of emerging concern, can affect plant root growth by changing various physiological processes. Mitochondria are critical organelles that produce energy for growth. However, how BPA affects the function and ultrastructure of mitochondria and then plant root growth remains unclear. Here, we evaluated the lethality of BPA to root tip cells, investigated the energy production process of mitochondria, observed mitochondrial ultrastructure, and measured reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation levels in mitochondria of soybean seedlings roots exposed to exogenous BPA. We found that low-dose BPA (1.5 mg/L) exposure induced limited toxicity in root tip cells, increased the activities of key enzymes (citrate synthase, succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase and cytochrome C oxidase) involved in tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, promoted adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis, and increased ROS production in mitochondria. Higher doses of BPA (6.0, 17.2 mg/L) exposure caused massive cell death in root tips, decreased the above key enzyme activities and ATP production, and destroyed mitochondrial ultrastructure; meanwhile, these doses also significantly increased mitochondrial ROS and membrane lipid peroxidation levels. In conclusion, we found that mitochondria were significant subcellular sites through which BPA can damage plant roots. BPA-induced excessive ROS destroyed mitochondrial ultrastructure and inhibited key enzyme activities in energy production, resulting in decreased ATP synthesis and cell death in root tips. Our results demonstrated the effects of BPA on mitochondrial function and structure in plant root cells, providing new insights into understanding the underlying mechanisms of BPA affecting plant root growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Lihong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Dandan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Cooperative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Materials, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Xiaohua Huang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China.
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He L, Jing Y, Shen J, Li X, Liu H, Geng Z, Wang M, Li Y, Chen D, Gao J, Zhang W. Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carriers Prevent Cadmium Toxicity by Sustaining the TCA Cycle and Glutathione Synthesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 180:198-211. [PMID: 30770461 PMCID: PMC6501077 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.01610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a major heavy metal pollutant, and Cd toxicity is a serious cause of abiotic stress in the environment. Plants protect themselves against Cd stress through a variety of pathways. In a recent study, we found that mitochondrial pyruvate carriers (MPCs) are involved in Cd tolerance in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Following the identification of MPCs in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) in 2012, most studies have focused on the function of MPCs in animals, as a possible approach to reduce the risk of cancer developing. The results of this study show that AtMPC protein complexes are required for Cd tolerance and prevention of Cd accumulation in Arabidopsis. AtMPC complexes are composed of two elements, AtMPC1 and AtMPC2 (AtNRGA1 or AtMPC3). When the formation of AtMPCs was interrupted by the loss of AtMPC1, glutamate could supplement the synthesis of acetyl-coenzyme A and sustain the TCA cycle. With the up-regulation of glutathione synthesis following exposure to Cd stress, the supplementary pathway could not efficiently drive the tricarboxylic acid cycle without AtMPC. The ATP content decreased concomitantly with the deletion of tricarboxylic acid activity, which led to Cd accumulation in Arabidopsis. More importantly, ScMPCs were also required for Cd tolerance in yeast. Our results suggest that the mechanism of Cd tolerance may be similar in other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilong He
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Ying Jing
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jianlin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xining Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Huiping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zilong Geng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yongqing Li
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Donghua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jianwei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
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50
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Scheerer U, Trube N, Netzer F, Rennenberg H, Herschbach C. ATP as Phosphorus and Nitrogen Source for Nutrient Uptake by Fagus sylvatica and Populus x canescens Roots. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:378. [PMID: 31019519 PMCID: PMC6458296 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study elucidated whether roots of temperate forest trees can take up organic phosphorus in the form of ATP. Detached non-mycorrhizal roots of beech (Fagus sylvatica) and gray poplar (Populus x canescens) were exposed under controlled conditions to 33P-ATP and/or 13C/15N labeled ATP in the presence and absence of the acid phosphatase inhibitor MoO4 2-. Accumulation of the respective label in the roots was used to calculate 33P, 13C and 15N uptake rates in ATP equivalents for comparison reason. The present data shown that a significant part of ATP was cleaved outside the roots before phosphate (Pi) was taken up. Furthermore, nucleotide uptake seems more reasonable after cleavage of at least one Pi unit as ADP, AMP and/or as the nucleoside adenosine. Similar results were obtained when still attached mycorrhizal roots of adult beech trees and their natural regeneration of two forest stands were exposed to ATP in the presence or absence of MoO4 2-. Cleavage of Pi from ATP by enzymes commonly present in the rhizosphere, such as extracellular acid phosphatases, ecto-apyrase and/or nucleotidases, prior ADP/AMP/adenosine uptake is highly probable but depended on the soil type and the pH of the soil solution. Although uptake of ATP/ADP/AMP cannot be excluded, uptake of the nucleoside adenosine without breakdown into its constituents ribose and adenine is highly evident. Based on the 33P, 13C, and 15N uptake rates calculated as equivalents of ATP the 'pro and contra' for the uptake of nucleotides and nucleosides is discussed. Short Summary Roots take up phosphorus from ATP as Pi after cleavage but might also take up ADP and/or AMP by yet unknown nucleotide transporter(s) because at least the nucleoside adenosine as N source is taken up without cleavage into its constituents ribose and adenine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Scheerer
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Niclas Trube
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Florian Netzer
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Chair of Ecosystem Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Herschbach
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Chair of Ecosystem Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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