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Wang L, Jin C, Zhang W, Mei X, Yu H, Wu M, Pei W, Ma J, Zhang B, Luo M, Yu J. Sphingosine Promotes Fiber Early Elongation in Upland Cotton. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1993. [PMID: 39065521 PMCID: PMC11280728 DOI: 10.3390/plants13141993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Sphingolipids play an important role in cotton fiber development, but the regulatory mechanism is largely unclear. We found that serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) enzyme inhibitors, myriocin and sphingosine (dihydrosphingosine (DHS) and phytosphingosine (PHS)), affected early fiber elongation in cotton, and we performed a sphingolipidomic and transcriptomic analysis of control and PHS-treated fibers. Myriocin inhibited fiber elongation, while DHS and PHS promoted it in a dose-effect manner. Using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), we found that contents of 22 sphingolipids in the PHS-treated fibers for 10 days were changed, of which the contents of 4 sphingolipids increased and 18 sphingolipids decreased. The transcriptome analysis identified 432 differentially expressed genes (238 up-regulated and 194 down-regulated) in the PHS-treated fibers. Among them, the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway is the most significant enrichment. The expression levels of transcription factors such as MYB, ERF, LBD, and bHLH in the fibers also changed, and most of MYB and ERF were up-regulated. Auxin-related genes IAA, GH3 and BIG GRAIN 1 were up-regulated, while ABPs were down-regulated, and the contents of 3 auxin metabolites were decreased. Our results provide important sphingolipid metabolites and regulatory pathways that influence fiber elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.W.); (C.J.); (W.Z.); (X.M.); (H.Y.); (M.W.); (W.P.); (J.M.); (B.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Changyin Jin
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.W.); (C.J.); (W.Z.); (X.M.); (H.Y.); (M.W.); (W.P.); (J.M.); (B.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.W.); (C.J.); (W.Z.); (X.M.); (H.Y.); (M.W.); (W.P.); (J.M.); (B.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Xueting Mei
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.W.); (C.J.); (W.Z.); (X.M.); (H.Y.); (M.W.); (W.P.); (J.M.); (B.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Hang Yu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.W.); (C.J.); (W.Z.); (X.M.); (H.Y.); (M.W.); (W.P.); (J.M.); (B.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Man Wu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.W.); (C.J.); (W.Z.); (X.M.); (H.Y.); (M.W.); (W.P.); (J.M.); (B.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Wenfeng Pei
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.W.); (C.J.); (W.Z.); (X.M.); (H.Y.); (M.W.); (W.P.); (J.M.); (B.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Jianjiang Ma
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.W.); (C.J.); (W.Z.); (X.M.); (H.Y.); (M.W.); (W.P.); (J.M.); (B.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Bingbing Zhang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.W.); (C.J.); (W.Z.); (X.M.); (H.Y.); (M.W.); (W.P.); (J.M.); (B.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Ming Luo
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.W.); (C.J.); (W.Z.); (X.M.); (H.Y.); (M.W.); (W.P.); (J.M.); (B.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Crop Quality Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture, Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jiwen Yu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.W.); (C.J.); (W.Z.); (X.M.); (H.Y.); (M.W.); (W.P.); (J.M.); (B.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
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Wang M, Tabeta H, Ohtaka K, Kuwahara A, Nishihama R, Ishikawa T, Toyooka K, Sato M, Wakazaki M, Akashi H, Tsugawa H, Shoji T, Okazaki Y, Yoshida K, Sato R, Ferjani A, Kohchi T, Hirai MY. The phosphorylated pathway of serine biosynthesis affects sperm, embryo, and sporophyte development, and metabolism in Marchantia polymorpha. Commun Biol 2024; 7:102. [PMID: 38267515 PMCID: PMC10808223 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05746-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Serine metabolism is involved in various biological processes. Here we investigate primary functions of the phosphorylated pathway of serine biosynthesis in a non-vascular plant Marchantia polymorpha by analyzing knockout mutants of MpPGDH encoding 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase in this pathway. Growth phenotypes indicate that serine from the phosphorylated pathway in the dark is crucial for thallus growth. Sperm development requires serine from the phosphorylated pathway, while egg formation does not. Functional MpPGDH in the maternal genome is necessary for embryo and sporophyte development. Under high CO2 where the glycolate pathway of serine biosynthesis is inhibited, suppressed thallus growth of the mutants is not fully recovered by exogenously-supplemented serine, suggesting the importance of serine homeostasis involving the phosphorylated and glycolate pathways. Metabolomic phenotypes indicate that the phosphorylated pathway mainly influences the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the amino acid and nucleotide metabolism, and lipid metabolism. These results indicate the importance of the phosphorylated pathway of serine biosynthesis in the dark, in the development of sperm, embryo, and sporophyte, and metabolism in M. polymorpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Wang
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Tabeta
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kinuka Ohtaka
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Japan Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayuko Kuwahara
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Nishihama
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiki Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Mayuko Sato
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mayumi Wakazaki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Tsugawa
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Shoji
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yozo Okazaki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioresource, Mie University, Tsushi, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yoshida
- Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Sato
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ali Ferjani
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kohchi
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masami Yokota Hirai
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan.
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
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Wang LY, Li J, Gong B, Wang RH, Chen YL, Yin J, Yang C, Lin JT, Liu HZ, Yang Y, Li J, Li C, Yao N. Orosomucoid proteins limit endoplasmic reticulum stress in plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:1134-1148. [PMID: 37606093 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are cell membrane components and signaling molecules that induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress responses, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. Orosomucoid proteins (ORMs) negatively regulate serine palmitoyltransferase activity, thus helping maintain proper sphingolipid levels in humans, yeast, and plants. In this report, we explored the roles of ORMs in regulating ER stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. Loss of ORM1 and ORM2 function caused constitutive activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR), as did treatment with the ceramide synthase inhibitor Fumonisin B1 (FB1) or ceramides. FB1 treatment induced the transcription factor bZIP28 to relocate from the ER membrane to the nucleus. The transcription factor WRKY75 positively regulates the UPR and physically interacted with bZIP28. We also found that the orm mutants showed impaired ER-associated degradation (ERAD), blocking the degradation of misfolded MILDEW RESISTANCE LOCUS-O 12 (MLO-12). ORM1 and ORM2 bind to EMS-MUTAGENIZED BRI1 SUPPRESSOR 7 (EBS7), a plant-specific component of the Arabidopsis ERAD complex, and regulate its stability. These data strongly suggest that ORMs in the ER membrane play vital roles in the UPR and ERAD pathways to prevent ER stress in Arabidopsis. Our results reveal that ORMs coordinate sphingolipid homeostasis with ER quality control and play a role in stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Benqiang Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Rui-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yi-Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jian Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Chang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jia-Ting Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Hao-Zhuo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yubing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Chunyu Li
- Institution of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Nan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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Han Y, Hu M, Ma X, Yan G, Wang C, Jiang S, Lai J, Zhang M. Exploring key developmental phases and phase-specific genes across the entirety of anther development in maize. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:1394-1410. [PMID: 35607822 PMCID: PMC10360140 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Anther development from stamen primordium to pollen dispersal is complex and essential to sexual reproduction. How this highly dynamic and complex developmental process is controlled genetically is not well understood, especially for genes involved in specific key developmental phases. Here we generated RNA sequencing libraries spanning 10 key stages across the entirety of anther development in maize (Zea mays). Global transcriptome analyses revealed distinct phases of cell division and expansion, meiosis, pollen maturation, and mature pollen, for which we detected 50, 245, 42, and 414 phase-specific marker genes, respectively. Phase-specific transcription factor genes were significantly enriched in the phase of meiosis. The phase-specific expression of these marker genes was highly conserved among the maize lines Chang7-2 and W23, indicating they might have important roles in anther development. We explored a desiccation-related protein gene, ZmDRP1, which was exclusively expressed in the tapetum from the tetrad to the uninucleate microspore stage, by generating knockout mutants. Notably, mutants in ZmDRP1 were completely male-sterile, with abnormal Ubisch bodies and defective pollen exine. Our work provides a glimpse into the gene expression dynamics and a valuable resource for exploring the roles of key phase-specific genes that regulate anther development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjia Han
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Mingjian Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry & National Maize Improvement Center of China Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xuxu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Ge Yan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chunyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Siqi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jinsheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry & National Maize Improvement Center of China Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
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Niu J, Yang J, Feng J, Feng Z, Wang X, Yu B, Wang G. Ubiquitin-proteasome pathway plays an essential regulatory role during spermatangium formation in Neopyropia yezoensis. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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6
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Lone MA, Bourquin F, Hornemann T. Serine Palmitoyltransferase Subunit 3 and Metabolic Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1372:47-56. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-0394-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Billey E, Hafidh S, Cruz-Gallardo I, Litholdo CG, Jean V, Carpentier MC, Picart C, Kumar V, Kulichova K, Maréchal E, Honys D, Conte MR, Deragon JM, Bousquet-Antonelli C. LARP6C orchestrates posttranscriptional reprogramming of gene expression during hydration to promote pollen tube guidance. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:2637-2661. [PMID: 34124761 DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.27.401307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that posttranscriptional regulation is a key player in the transition between mature pollen and the progamic phase (from pollination to fertilization). Nonetheless, the actors in this messenger RNA (mRNA)-based gene expression reprogramming are poorly understood. We demonstrate that the evolutionarily conserved RNA-binding protein LARP6C is necessary for the transition from dry pollen to pollen tubes and the guided growth of pollen tubes towards the ovule in Arabidopsis thaliana. In dry pollen, LARP6C binds to transcripts encoding proteins that function in lipid synthesis and homeostasis, vesicular trafficking, and polarized cell growth. LARP6C also forms cytoplasmic granules that contain the poly(A) binding protein and possibly represent storage sites for translationally silent mRNAs. In pollen tubes, the loss of LARP6C negatively affects the quantities and distribution of storage lipids, as well as vesicular trafficking. In Nicotiana benthamiana leaf cells and in planta, analysis of reporter mRNAs designed from the LARP6C target MGD2 provided evidence that LARP6C can shift from a repressor to an activator of translation when the pollen grain enters the progamic phase. We propose that LARP6C orchestrates the timely posttranscriptional regulation of a subset of mRNAs in pollen during the transition from the quiescent to active state and along the progamic phase to promote male fertilization in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Billey
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, CNRS, 66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Said Hafidh
- Laboratory of Pollen Biology, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Isabel Cruz-Gallardo
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Celso G Litholdo
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, CNRS, 66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Viviane Jean
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, CNRS, 66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Marie-Christine Carpentier
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, CNRS, 66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Claire Picart
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, CNRS, 66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Laboratory of Pollen Biology, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Katarina Kulichova
- Laboratory of Pollen Biology, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Eric Maréchal
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, UMR 5168 CNRS, CEA, INRAE, Université Grenoble Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - David Honys
- Laboratory of Pollen Biology, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Maria R Conte
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Jean-Marc Deragon
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, CNRS, 66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75231 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Cécile Bousquet-Antonelli
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, CNRS, 66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, France
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Prudencio ÁS, Hoeberichts FA, Dicenta F, Martínez-Gómez P, Sánchez-Pérez R. Identification of early and late flowering time candidate genes in endodormant and ecodormant almond flower buds. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:589-605. [PMID: 33200186 PMCID: PMC8033246 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Flower bud dormancy in temperate fruit tree species, such as almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb], is a survival mechanism that ensures that flowering will occur under suitable weather conditions for successful flower development, pollination and fruit set. Dormancy is divided into three sequential phases: paradormancy, endodormancy and ecodormancy. During the winter, buds need cultivar-specific chilling requirements (CRs) to overcome endodormancy and heat requirements to activate the machinery to flower in the ecodormancy phase. One of the main factors that enables the transition from endodormancy to ecodormancy is transcriptome reprogramming. In this work, we therefore monitored three almond cultivars with different CRs and flowering times by RNA sequencing during the endodormancy release of flower buds and validated the data by quantitative real-time PCR in two consecutive seasons. We were thus able to identify early and late flowering time candidate genes in endodormant and ecodormant almond flower buds associated with metabolic switches, transmembrane transport, cell wall remodeling, phytohormone signaling and pollen development. These candidate genes were indeed involved in the overcoming of the endodormancy in almond. This information may be used for the development of dormancy molecular markers, increasing the efficiency of temperate fruit tree breeding programs in a climate-change context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela S Prudencio
- Department of Plant Breeding, Fruit Breeding Group, CEBAS-CSIC, PO Box 164, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Federico Dicenta
- Department of Plant Breeding, Fruit Breeding Group, CEBAS-CSIC, PO Box 164, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pedro Martínez-Gómez
- Department of Plant Breeding, Fruit Breeding Group, CEBAS-CSIC, PO Box 164, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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Prakash H, Upadhyay D, Bandapalli OR, Jain A, Kleuser B. Host sphingolipids: Perspective immune adjuvant for controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection for managing COVID-19 disease. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2020; 152:106504. [PMID: 33147503 PMCID: PMC7605809 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2020.106504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
That Sphingolipid derivatives are promising drug candidates for the management of novel COVID-19 disease. C-1P based tailoring of Th1 effector immunity for the eradication of infection is a translationally viable approach and deserves immediate attention. That C-1P would promote the killing of infected cells and resolve infection in moderate to severely infected cases. Ceramide derivatives can be exploited as drug candidates for controlling SARS-CoV-2 against novel COVID-19 disease.
Sphingolipids are potent bioactive agents involved in the pathogenesis of various respiratory bacterial infections. To date, several sphingolipid derivatives are known, but S1P (Sphingosine-1-phosphate) and Ceramide are the best-studied sphingolipid derivatives in the context of human diseases. These are membrane-bound lipids that influence host-pathogen interactions. Based on these features, we believe that sphingolipids might control SARS-CoV-2 infection in the host. SARS-CoV-2 utilizes the ACE-II receptor (Angiotensin-converting enzyme II receptor) on epithelial cells for its entry and replication. Activation of the ACE-II receptor is indirectly associated with the activation of S1P Receptor 1 signaling which is associated with IL-6 driven fibrosis. This is expected to promote pathological responses during SARS-CoV-2 infection in COVID-19 cases. Given this, mitigating S1P signaling by application of either S1P Lyase (SPL) or S1P analog (Fingolimod / FTY720) seems to be potential approach for controlling these pathological outcomes. However, due to the immunosuppressive nature of FTY720, it can modulate hyper-inflammatory responses and only provide symptomatic relief, which may not be sufficient for controlling the novel COVID-19 infection. Since Th1 effector immune responses are essential for the clearance of infection, we believe that other sphingolipid derivatives like Cermaide-1 Phosphate with antiviral potential and adjuvant immune potential can potentially control SARS-CoV-2 infection in the host by its ability in enhancing autophagy and antigen presentation by DC to promote T cell response which can be helpful in controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection in novel COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hridayesh Prakash
- Amity Institute of Virology and Immunology, Amity University, Noida, India.
| | - Dilip Upadhyay
- Amity Institute of Virology and Immunology, Amity University, Noida, India
| | | | - Aklank Jain
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Department of Nutritional Toxicology, University of Potsdam Nuthetal, Germany
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10
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Xu L, Xiong X, Liu W, Liu T, Yu Y, Cao J. BcMF30a and BcMF30c, Two Novel Non-Tandem CCCH Zinc-Finger Proteins, Function in Pollen Development and Pollen Germination in Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176428. [PMID: 32899329 PMCID: PMC7504113 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris) is an economically important leaf vegetable crop worldwide. Mounting studies have shown that cysteine-cysteine-cysteine-histidine (CCCH) zinc-finger protein genes are involved in various plant growth and development processes. However, research on the involvement of these genes in male reproductive development is still in its infancy. Here, we identified 11 male fertility-related CCCH genes in Chinese cabbage. Among them, a pair of paralogs encoding novel non-tandem CCCH zinc-finger proteins, Brassica campestris Male Fertility 30a (BcMF30a) and BcMF30c, were further characterized. They were highly expressed in pollen during microgametogenesis and continued to express in germinated pollen. Further analyses demonstrated that both BcMF30a and BcMF30c may play a dual role as transcription factors and RNA-binding proteins in plant cells. Functional analysis showed that partial bcmf30a bcmf30c pollen grains were aborted due to the degradation of pollen inclusion at the microgametogenesis phase, and the germination rate of viable pollen was also greatly reduced, indicating that BcMF30a and BcMF30c are required for both pollen development and pollen germination. This research provided insights into the function of CCCH proteins in regulating male reproductive development and laid a theoretical basis for hybrid breeding of Chinese cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liai Xu
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (L.X.); (X.X.); (W.L.); (T.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xingpeng Xiong
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (L.X.); (X.X.); (W.L.); (T.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weimiao Liu
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (L.X.); (X.X.); (W.L.); (T.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (L.X.); (X.X.); (W.L.); (T.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Youjian Yu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin’an 311300, China;
| | - Jiashu Cao
- Laboratory of Cell & Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (L.X.); (X.X.); (W.L.); (T.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-131-8501-1958
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11
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Gonzalez-Solis A, Han G, Gan L, Li Y, Markham JE, Cahoon RE, Dunn TM, Cahoon EB. Unregulated Sphingolipid Biosynthesis in Gene-Edited Arabidopsis ORM Mutants Results in Nonviable Seeds with Strongly Reduced Oil Content. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:2474-2490. [PMID: 32527862 PMCID: PMC7401009 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.20.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Orosomucoid-like proteins (ORMs) interact with serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) to negatively regulate sphingolipid biosynthesis, a reversible process critical for balancing the intracellular sphingolipid levels needed for growth and programmed cell death. Here, we show that ORM1 and ORM2 are essential for life cycle completion in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Seeds from orm1 -/- orm2 -/- mutants, generated by crossing CRISPR/Cas9 knockout mutants for each gene, accumulated high levels of ceramide, indicative of unregulated sphingolipid biosynthesis. orm1 -/- orm2 -/- seeds were nonviable, displayed aberrant embryo development, and had >80% reduced oil content versus wild-type seeds. This phenotype was mimicked in Arabidopsis seeds expressing the SPT subunit LCB1 lacking its first transmembrane domain, which is critical for ORM-mediated regulation of SPT. We identified a mutant for ORM1 lacking one amino acid (Met-51) near its second transmembrane domain that retained its membrane topology. Expressing this allele in the orm2 background yielded plants that did not advance beyond the seedling stage, hyperaccumulated ceramides, and showed altered organellar structures and increased senescence- and pathogenesis-related gene expression. These seedlings also showed upregulated expression of genes for sphingolipid catabolic enzymes, pointing to additional mechanisms for maintaining sphingolipid homeostasis. ORM1 lacking Met-51 had strongly impaired interactions with LCB1 in a yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) model, providing structural clues about regulatory interactions between ORM and SPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Gonzalez-Solis
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Gongshe Han
- Department of Biochemistry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814
| | - Lu Gan
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Jennifer E Markham
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Rebecca E Cahoon
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Teresa M Dunn
- Department of Biochemistry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814
| | - Edgar B Cahoon
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
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12
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Hernández ML, Lima-Cabello E, Alché JDD, Martínez-Rivas JM, Castro AJ. Lipid Composition and Associated Gene Expression Patterns during Pollen Germination and Pollen Tube Growth in Olive (Olea europaea L.). PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:1348-1364. [PMID: 32384163 PMCID: PMC7377348 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Pollen lipids are essential for sexual reproduction, but our current knowledge regarding lipid dynamics in growing pollen tubes is still very scarce. Here, we report unique lipid composition and associated gene expression patterns during olive pollen germination. Up to 376 genes involved in the biosynthesis of all lipid classes, except suberin, cutin and lipopolysaccharides, are expressed in olive pollen. The fatty acid profile of olive pollen is markedly different compared with other plant organs. Triacylglycerol (TAG), containing mostly C12-C16 saturated fatty acids, constitutes the bulk of olive pollen lipids. These compounds are partially mobilized, and the released fatty acids enter the β-oxidation pathway to yield acetyl-CoA, which is converted into sugars through the glyoxylate cycle during the course of pollen germination. Our data suggest that fatty acids are synthesized de novo and incorporated into glycerolipids by the 'eukaryotic pathway' in elongating pollen tubes. Phosphatidic acid is synthesized de novo in the endomembrane system during pollen germination and seems to have a central role in pollen tube lipid metabolism. The coordinated action of fatty acid desaturases FAD2-3 and FAD3B might explain the increase in linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids observed in germinating pollen. Continuous synthesis of TAG by the action of diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) enzyme, but not phosphoplipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (PDAT), also seems plausible. All these data allow for a better understanding of lipid metabolism during the olive reproductive process, which can impact, in the future, on the increase in olive fruit yield and, therefore, olive oil production.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Luisa Hernández
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plant Products, Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Seville 41013, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes s/n, Sevilla 41012, Spain
| | - Elena Lima-Cabello
- Plant Reproductive Biology and Advanced Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Granada 18008, Spain
| | - Juan de D Alché
- Plant Reproductive Biology and Advanced Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Granada 18008, Spain
| | - José M Martínez-Rivas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plant Products, Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Seville 41013, Spain
| | - Antonio J Castro
- Plant Reproductive Biology and Advanced Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Granada 18008, Spain
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13
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Shao Z, Zhao Y, Liu L, Chen S, Li C, Meng F, Liu H, Hu S, Wang J, Wang Q. Overexpression of FBR41 enhances resistance to sphinganine analog mycotoxin-induced cell death and Alternaria stem canker in tomato. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:141-154. [PMID: 31161714 PMCID: PMC6920163 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Fumonisin B1 (FB1) and Alternaria alternate f. sp. lycopersici (AAL)-toxin are classified as sphinganine analog mycotoxins (SAMTs), which induce programmed cell death (PCD) in plants and pose health threat to humans who consume the contaminated crop products. Herein, Fumonisin B1 Resistant41 (FBR41), a dominant mutant allele, was identified by map-based cloning of Arabidopsis FB1-resistant mutant fbr41, then ectopically expressed in AAL-toxin sensitive tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivar. FBR41-overexpressing tomato plants exhibited less severe cell death phenotype upon AAL-toxin treatment. Analysis of free sphingoid bases showed that both fbr41 and FBR41-overexpressing tomato plants accumulated less sphinganine and phytosphingosine upon FB1 and AAL-toxin treatment, respectively. Alternaria stem canker is a disease caused by AAL and responsible for severe economic losses in tomato production, and FBR41-overexpressing tomato plants exhibited enhanced resistance to AAL with decreased fungal biomass and less cell death, which was accompanied by attenuated accumulation of free sphingoid bases and jasmonate (JA). Taken together, our results indicate that FBR41 is potential in inhibiting SAMT-induced PCD and controlling Alternaria stem canker in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Shao
- State Agricultural Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Growth and DevelopmentDepartment of HorticultureZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yanting Zhao
- Institute of VegetablesZhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhouChina
| | - Lihong Liu
- State Agricultural Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Growth and DevelopmentDepartment of HorticultureZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Shanshan Chen
- State Agricultural Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Growth and DevelopmentDepartment of HorticultureZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Chuanyou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant GenomicsNational Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing)Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Fanliang Meng
- State Agricultural Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Growth and DevelopmentDepartment of HorticultureZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Haoran Liu
- State Agricultural Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Growth and DevelopmentDepartment of HorticultureZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Songshen Hu
- State Agricultural Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Growth and DevelopmentDepartment of HorticultureZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jiansheng Wang
- Institute of VegetablesZhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhouChina
| | - Qiaomei Wang
- State Agricultural Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Growth and DevelopmentDepartment of HorticultureZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
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14
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Abstract
Long chain base (LCB) is a unique building block found in sphingolipids. The initial step of LCB biosynthesis stems from serine:palmitoyl-CoA transferase enzyme, producing 3-ketodihydrosphingosine with multiple regulatory proteins including small subunit SPT a/b and orosomucoid-like protein1-3. 3-Ketodihydrosphingosine reductase and sphingolipid Δ4-desaturase, both of them poorly characterized mammalian enzymes, play key roles for neurological homeostasis based on their pathogenic mutation in humans. Ceramide synthase in mammals has six isoforms with distinct phenotype in each knockout mouse. In plants and fungi, sphingolipids also contain phytosphingosine due to sphingolipid C4-hydroxylase. In contrast to previous notion that dietary intake might be its major route in animals, emerging evidences suggested that phytosphingosine biosynthesis does occur in some tissues such as the skin by mammalian C4-hydroxylase activity of the DEGS2 gene. This short review summarizes LCB biosynthesis with their associating metabolic pathways in animals, plants and fungi. Sphingolipid is a group of lipids that contains a unique building block known as long chain base (LCB). LCB is susceptible to various biosynthetic reactions such as unsaturation, hydroxylation and methylation. A failure of these enzymatic reactions leads to the pathogenesis in humans with an elevation of LCB-derived specific biomarkers. Herein, we summarized emerging evidences in mammalian LCB biosynthesis in sphingolipids. Some unique metabolic pathways in plants and fungi were also discussed.
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15
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Effects of Disruption of Five FUM Genes on Fumonisin Biosynthesis and Pathogenicity in Fusarium proliferatum. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11060327. [PMID: 31181598 PMCID: PMC6628412 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11060327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mycotoxin fumonisin is known to be harmful to humans and animals, and thus it is desirable to reduce fumonisin content in crop products. We explored the functions of several genes that function in fumonisin biosynthesis (FUM1, FUM6, FUM8, FUM19, and FUM21) in Fusarium proliferatum and found that deletion of FUM1, FUM6, FUM8, or FUM21 results in a severe reduction in fumonisin biosynthesis, while loss of FUM19 does not. In addition, fumonisin-deficient strains display significantly decreased pathogenicity. Co-cultivation of the ΔFUM1, ΔFUM6, ΔFUM8, and ΔFUM19 mutants restores fumonisin synthesis. However, co-cultivation was unable to restore fumonisin synthesis in the ΔFUM21 strain. The relative expression levels of three key FUM genes (FUM1, FUM6, and FUM8) differed significantly in each mutant strain; notably, the expression levels of these three genes were significantly down-regulated in the ΔFUM21 strain. Taken together, our results demonstrate that FUM1, FUM6, FUM8, and FUM21 are essential for fumonisin synthesis, and FUM19 is non-essential. Partial mutants lost the ability to synthesize fumonisin, the co-culture of the mutants was able to restore fumonisin biosynthesis. While the pathogenicity of F. proliferatum is affected by many factors, inhibition of the synthesis of the mycotoxin fumonisin will weaken the pathogenicity of rice spikelet rot disease (RSRD).
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16
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Corbacho J, Inês C, Paredes MA, Labrador J, Cordeiro AM, Gallardo M, Gomez-Jimenez MC. Modulation of sphingolipid long-chain base composition and gene expression during early olive-fruit development, and putative role of brassinosteroid. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 231:383-392. [PMID: 30390495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are abundant membrane components and signalling molecules in various aspects of plant development. However, the role of sphingolipids in early fleshy-fruit growth has rarely been investigated. In this study, we first investigated the temporal changes in sphingolipid long-chain base (LCB) content, composition, and gene expression that occurred during flower opening and early fruit development in olive (Olea europaea L. cv Picual). Moreover, the interaction between sphingolipid and the plant hormone, brassinosteroid (BR), during the early fruit development was also explored. For this, BR levels were manipulated through the application of exogenous BRs (24-epibrassinolide, EBR) or a BR biosynthesis inhibitor (brassinazole, Brz) and their effects on early fruit development, sphingolipid LCB content, and gene expression were examined in olive fruit at 14 days post-anthesis (DPA). We here show that sphingolipid with C-4 hydroxylation and Δ8 desaturation with a preference for (E)-isomer formation are quantitatively the most important sphingolipids in olive reproductive organs. In this work, the total LCB amount significantly decreased at the anthesis stage, but olive sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (OeSPL) gene was expressed exclusively in flower and upregulated during the anthesis, revealing an association with the d18:1(8E) accumulation. However, the LCB content increased in parallel with the upregulation of the expression of genes for key sphingolipid biosynthetic and LCB modification enzymes during early fruit development in olive. Likewise, we found that EBR exogenously applied to olive trees significantly stimulated the fruit growth rate whereas Brz inhibited fruit growth rate after 7 and 14 days of treatment. In addition, this inhibitory effect could be counteracted by the application of EBR. The promotion of early fruit growth was accompanied by the down-regulation of sphingolipid LCB content and gene expression in olive fruit, whereas Brz application raised levels of sphingolipid LCB content and gene expression in olive fruit after 7 and 14 days of treatment. Thus, our data indicate that endogenous sphingolipid LCB and gene-expression levels are intricately controlled during early fruit development and also suggest a possible link between BR, the sphingolipid content/gene expression, and early fruit development in olive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Corbacho
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Carla Inês
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Miguel A Paredes
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Juana Labrador
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Antonio M Cordeiro
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P., UEIS Biotecnologia e Recursos Genéticos, Estrada de Gil Vaz, Apartado 6, 7351-901 Elvas, Portugal
| | - Mercedes Gallardo
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, s/n, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Maria C Gomez-Jimenez
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain.
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17
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Czarnocka W, Van Der Kelen K, Willems P, Szechyńska-Hebda M, Shahnejat-Bushehri S, Balazadeh S, Rusaczonek A, Mueller-Roeber B, Van Breusegem F, Karpiński S. The dual role of LESION SIMULATING DISEASE 1 as a condition-dependent scaffold protein and transcription regulator. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:2644-2662. [PMID: 28555890 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Since its discovery over two decades ago as an important cell death regulator in Arabidopsis thaliana, the role of LESION SIMULATING DISEASE 1 (LSD1) has been studied intensively within both biotic and abiotic stress responses as well as with respect to plant fitness regulation. However, its molecular mode of action remains enigmatic. Here, we demonstrate that nucleo-cytoplasmic LSD1 interacts with a broad range of other proteins that are engaged in various molecular pathways such as ubiquitination, methylation, cell cycle control, gametogenesis, embryo development and cell wall formation. The interaction of LSD1 with these partners is dependent on redox status, as oxidative stress significantly changes the quantity and types of LSD1-formed complexes. Furthermore, we show that LSD1 regulates the number and size of leaf mesophyll cells and affects plant vegetative growth. Importantly, we also reveal that in addition to its function as a scaffold protein, LSD1 acts as a transcriptional regulator. Taken together, our results demonstrate that LSD1 plays a dual role within the cell by acting as a condition-dependent scaffold protein and as a transcription regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Czarnocka
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katrien Van Der Kelen
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrick Willems
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Magdalena Szechyńska-Hebda
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek Street 21, 30-239, Cracow, Poland
| | - Sara Shahnejat-Bushehri
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht Street 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Salma Balazadeh
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht Street 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Anna Rusaczonek
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bernd Mueller-Roeber
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht Street 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stanisław Karpiński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
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18
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Huang X, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Shi Y. Long-chain base kinase1 affects freezing tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 259:94-103. [PMID: 28483057 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Long-chain base kinases (LCBKs) phosphorylate sphingolipid-derived long-chain base lipids and participate in the regulation of stress responses in plants. Here, we isolated a novel Arabidopsis thaliana mutant, lcbk1-2, which was extremely sensitive to freezing temperatures with or without cold acclimation. Physiological assays revealed that concentrations of osmolytes (proline and soluble sugars) and the activity of superoxide dismutase were significantly decreased in the lcbk1-2 mutant, compared with wild type. Also, the balance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was disrupted in the lcbk1-2 mutant with or without cold treatment and, consistent with this, gene expression profiling analysis showed that the expression of cold-responsive ROS-scavenging genes was substantially decreased in the lcbk1-2 mutant. The expression of membrane lipid-related genes, which are linked to freezing tolerance in plants, was also impaired in the lcbk1-2 mutant. Furthermore, transgenic lines overexpressing LCBK1 showed enhanced freezing tolerance with over-accumulation of osmolytes. Collectively, our results suggested that LCBK1 functions as a novel positive regulator of freezing tolerance in Arabidopsis and may participate in the accumulation of osmolytes, the regulation of ROS homeostasis and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Regions (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yiting Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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19
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Tartaglio V, Rennie EA, Cahoon R, Wang G, Baidoo E, Mortimer JC, Cahoon EB, Scheller HV. Glycosylation of inositol phosphorylceramide sphingolipids is required for normal growth and reproduction in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 89:278-290. [PMID: 27643972 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are a major component of plant plasma membranes and endomembranes, and mediate a diverse range of biological processes. Study of the highly glycosylated glycosyl inositol phosphorylceramide (GIPC) sphingolipids has been slow as a result of challenges associated with the extractability of GIPCs, and their functions in the plant remain poorly characterized. We recently discovered an Arabidopsis GIPC glucuronosyltransferase, INOSITOL PHOSPHORYLCERAMIDE GLUCURONOSYLTRANSFERASE 1 (IPUT1), which is the first enzyme in the GIPC glycosylation pathway. Plants homozygous for the iput1 loss-of-function mutation were unobtainable, and so the developmental effects of reduced GIPC glucuronosylation could not be analyzed in planta. Using a pollen-specific rescue construct, we have here isolated homozygous iput1 mutants. The iput1 mutants show severe dwarfism, compromised pollen tube guidance, and constitutive activation of salicyclic acid-mediated defense pathways. The mutants also possess reduced GIPCs, increased ceramides, and an increased incorporation of short-chain fatty acids and dihydroxylated bases into inositol phosphorylceramides and GIPCs. The assignment of a direct role for GIPC glycan head groups in the impaired processes in iput1 mutants is complicated by the vast compensatory changes in the sphingolipidome; however, our results reveal that the glycosylation steps of GIPC biosynthesis are important regulated components of sphingolipid metabolism. This study corroborates previously suggested roles for GIPC glycans in plant growth and defense, suggests important roles for them in reproduction and demonstrates that the entire sphingolipidome is sensitive to their status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Tartaglio
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Emilie A Rennie
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Rebecca Cahoon
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - George Wang
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Edward Baidoo
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jennifer C Mortimer
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Edgar B Cahoon
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Henrik V Scheller
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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Li J, Yin J, Rong C, Li KE, Wu JX, Huang LQ, Zeng HY, Sahu SK, Yao N. Orosomucoid Proteins Interact with the Small Subunit of Serine Palmitoyltransferase and Contribute to Sphingolipid Homeostasis and Stress Responses in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2016; 28:3038-3051. [PMID: 27923879 PMCID: PMC5240739 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.16.00574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT), a pyridoxyl-5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme, catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step in sphingolipid biosynthesis. In humans and yeast, orosomucoid proteins (ORMs) negatively regulate SPT and thus play an important role in maintaining sphingolipid levels. Despite the importance of sphingoid intermediates as bioactive molecules, the regulation of sphingolipid biosynthesis through SPT is not well understood in plants. Here, we identified and characterized the Arabidopsis thaliana ORMs, ORM1 and ORM2. Loss of function of both ORM1 and ORM2 (orm1 amiR-ORM2) stimulated de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis, leading to strong sphingolipid accumulation, especially of long-chain bases and ceramides. Yeast two-hybrid, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, and coimmunoprecipitation assays confirmed that ORM1 and ORM2 physically interact with the small subunit of SPT (ssSPT), indicating that ORMs inhibit ssSPT function. We found that orm1 amiR-ORM2 plants exhibited an early-senescence phenotype accompanied by H2O2 production at the cell wall and in mitochondria, active vesicular trafficking, and formation of cell wall appositions. Strikingly, the orm1 amiR-ORM2 plants showed increased expression of genes related to endoplasmic reticulum stress and defenses and also had enhanced resistance to oxidative stress and pathogen infection. Taken together, our findings indicate that ORMs interact with SPT to regulate sphingolipid homeostasis and play a pivotal role in environmental stress tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Jian Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Chan Rong
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Kai-En Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Xin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Li-Qun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Yun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Sunil Kumar Sahu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Nan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
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21
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Kimberlin AN, Han G, Luttgeharm KD, Chen M, Cahoon RE, Stone JM, Markham JE, Dunn TM, Cahoon EB. ORM Expression Alters Sphingolipid Homeostasis and Differentially Affects Ceramide Synthase Activity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 172:889-900. [PMID: 27506241 PMCID: PMC5047106 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipid synthesis is tightly regulated in eukaryotes. This regulation in plants ensures sufficient sphingolipids to support growth while limiting the accumulation of sphingolipid metabolites that induce programmed cell death. Serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) catalyzes the first step in sphingolipid biosynthesis and is considered the primary sphingolipid homeostatic regulatory point. In this report, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) putative SPT regulatory proteins, orosomucoid-like proteins AtORM1 and AtORM2, were found to interact physically with Arabidopsis SPT and to suppress SPT activity when coexpressed with Arabidopsis SPT subunits long-chain base1 (LCB1) and LCB2 and the small subunit of SPT in a yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) SPT-deficient mutant. Consistent with a role in SPT suppression, AtORM1 and AtORM2 overexpression lines displayed increased resistance to the programmed cell death-inducing mycotoxin fumonisin B1, with an accompanying reduced accumulation of LCBs and C16 fatty acid-containing ceramides relative to wild-type plants. Conversely, RNA interference (RNAi) suppression lines of AtORM1 and AtORM2 displayed increased sensitivity to fumonisin B1 and an accompanying strong increase in LCBs and C16 fatty acid-containing ceramides relative to wild-type plants. Overexpression lines also were found to have reduced activity of the class I ceramide synthase that uses C16 fatty acid acyl-coenzyme A and dihydroxy LCB substrates but increased activity of class II ceramide synthases that use very-long-chain fatty acyl-coenzyme A and trihydroxy LCB substrates. RNAi suppression lines, in contrast, displayed increased class I ceramide synthase activity but reduced class II ceramide synthase activity. These findings indicate that ORM mediation of SPT activity differentially regulates functionally distinct ceramide synthase activities as part of a broader sphingolipid homeostatic regulatory network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athen N Kimberlin
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588 (A.N.K., K.D.L., M.C., R.E.C., J.M.S., J.E.M., E.B.C.); andDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814 (G.H., T.M.D.)
| | - Gongshe Han
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588 (A.N.K., K.D.L., M.C., R.E.C., J.M.S., J.E.M., E.B.C.); andDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814 (G.H., T.M.D.)
| | - Kyle D Luttgeharm
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588 (A.N.K., K.D.L., M.C., R.E.C., J.M.S., J.E.M., E.B.C.); andDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814 (G.H., T.M.D.)
| | - Ming Chen
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588 (A.N.K., K.D.L., M.C., R.E.C., J.M.S., J.E.M., E.B.C.); andDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814 (G.H., T.M.D.)
| | - Rebecca E Cahoon
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588 (A.N.K., K.D.L., M.C., R.E.C., J.M.S., J.E.M., E.B.C.); andDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814 (G.H., T.M.D.)
| | - Julie M Stone
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588 (A.N.K., K.D.L., M.C., R.E.C., J.M.S., J.E.M., E.B.C.); andDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814 (G.H., T.M.D.)
| | - Jennifer E Markham
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588 (A.N.K., K.D.L., M.C., R.E.C., J.M.S., J.E.M., E.B.C.); andDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814 (G.H., T.M.D.)
| | - Teresa M Dunn
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588 (A.N.K., K.D.L., M.C., R.E.C., J.M.S., J.E.M., E.B.C.); andDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814 (G.H., T.M.D.)
| | - Edgar B Cahoon
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588 (A.N.K., K.D.L., M.C., R.E.C., J.M.S., J.E.M., E.B.C.); andDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814 (G.H., T.M.D.)
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Mahmood K, El-Kereamy A, Kim SH, Nambara E, Rothstein SJ. ANAC032 Positively Regulates Age-Dependent and Stress-Induced Senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 57:2029-2046. [PMID: 27388337 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Members of the NAC transcription factor family have been implicated in the regulation of different processes of plant development including senescence. In this study, the role of ANAC032 is analyzed in Arabidopsis thaliana (Col-0). ANAC032 is shown to act as a transcriptional activator and its expression is induced in senescing leaves as well as in dark-treated detached leaves. Analysis of transgenic overexpressors (OXs) and chimeric repressors (SRDXs) of ANAC032 indicates that ANAC032 positively regulates age-dependent and dark-induced leaf senescence. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that ANAC032 regulates leaf senescence mainly through the modulation of expression of the senescence-associated genes AtNYE1, SAG113 and SAUR36/SAG201, which are involved in Chl degradation, and ABA and auxin promotion of senescence, respectively. In addition, ANAC032 expression is induced by a range of oxidative and abiotic stresses. As a result, ANAC032 overexpression lines exhibited enhanced leaf senescence when challenged with different oxidative (3-aminotriazole, fumonisin B1 and high light) and abiotic stress (osmotic and salinity) conditions compared with the wild type. In contrast, ANAC032 SRDX lines displayed the opposite phenotype. ANAC032 transgenic lines showed altered 2,4-D-mediated root tip swelling and root inhibition responses when compared with the wild type. The altered response to auxin, oxidative and abiotic stress treatments in ANAC032 transgenic lines involves differential accumulation of H2O2 compared with the wild type. Taken together, these results indicate that ANAC032 is an important transcription factor that positively regulates age-dependent and stress-induced senescence in A. thaliana by modulating reactive oxygen species production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashif Mahmood
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Ashraf El-Kereamy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Present address: Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, Cooperative Extension Kern County, Bakersfield, CA, USA
| | - Sung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Eiji Nambara
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Steven J Rothstein
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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23
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Li SF, Zhang GJ, Zhang XJ, Yuan JH, Deng CL, Hu ZM, Gao WJ. Genes encoding Δ(8)-sphingolipid desaturase from various plants: identification, biochemical functions, and evolution. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2016; 129:979-987. [PMID: 27294968 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-016-0838-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
∆(8)-sphingolipid desaturase catalyzes the C8 desaturation of a long chain base, which is the characteristic structure of various complex sphingolipids. The genes of 20 ∆(8)-sphingolipid desaturases from 12 plants were identified and functionally detected by using Saccharomyces cerevisiae system to elucidate the relationship between the biochemical function and evolution of this enzyme. Results showed that the 20 genes all can encode a functional ∆(8)-sphingolipid desaturase, which catalyzes different ratios of two products, namely, 8(Z) and 8(E)-C18-phytosphingenine. The coded enzymes could be divided into two groups on the basis of biochemical functions: ∆(8)-sphingolipid desaturase with a preference for an E-isomer product and ∆(8)-sphingolipid desaturase with a preference for a Z-isomer product. The conversion rate of the latter was generally lower than that of the former. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the 20 desaturases could also be clustered into two groups, and this grouping is consistent with that of the biochemical functions. Thus, the biochemical function of ∆(8)-sphingolipid desaturase is correlated with its evolution. The two groups of ∆(8)-sphingolipid desaturases could arise from distinct ancestors in higher plants. However, they might have initially evolved from ∆(8)-sphingolipid desaturases in lower organisms, such as yeasts, which can produce E-isomer products only. Furthermore, almost all of the transgenic yeasts harboring ∆(8)-sphingolipid desaturase genes exhibit an improvement in aluminum tolerance. Our study provided new insights into the biochemical function and evolution of ∆(8)-sphingolipid desaturases in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Fen Li
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Guo-Jun Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Xue-Jin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Jin-Hong Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Chuan-Liang Deng
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Zan-Min Hu
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wu-Jun Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China.
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24
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Paulenda T, Draber P. The role of ORMDL proteins, guardians of cellular sphingolipids, in asthma. Allergy 2016; 71:918-30. [PMID: 26969910 DOI: 10.1111/all.12877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A family of widely expressed ORM-like (ORMDL) proteins has been recently linked to asthma in genomewide association studies in humans and extensively explored in in vivo studies in mice. ORMDL proteins are key regulators of serine palmitoyltransferase, an enzyme catalyzing the initial step of sphingolipid biosynthesis. Sphingolipids play prominent roles in cell signaling and response to stress, and they affect the mechanistic properties of cellular membranes. Deregulation of sphingolipid biosynthesis and their recycling has been proven to support and even cause several diseases including allergy, inflammation, and asthma. ORMDL3, the most extensively studied member of the ORMDL family, has been shown to be important for endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis by regulating the unfolded protein response and calcium response. In immune cells, ORMDL3 is involved in migration and in the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, changes in the expression level of ORMDL3 are important in allergen-induced asthma pathologies. This review focuses on functional aspects of the ORMDL family proteins, which may serve as new therapeutic targets for the treatment of asthma and some other life-threatening diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Paulenda
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction; Institute of Molecular Genetics; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague Czech Republic
| | - P. Draber
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction; Institute of Molecular Genetics; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague Czech Republic
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25
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Lipids in pollen - They are different. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1315-1328. [PMID: 27033152 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
During evolution, the male gametophyte of Angiosperms has been severely reduced to the pollen grain, consisting of a vegetative cell containing two sperm cells. This vegetative cell has to deliver the sperm cells from the stigma through the style to the ovule. It does so by producing a pollen tube and elongating it to many centimeters in length in some species, requiring vast amounts of fatty acid and membrane lipid synthesis. In order to optimize this polar tip growth, a unique lipid composition in the pollen has evolved. Pollen tubes produce extraplastidial galactolipids and store triacylglycerols in lipid droplets, probably needed as precursors of glycerolipids or for acyl editing. They also possess special sterol and sphingolipid moieties that might together form microdomains in the membranes. The individual lipid classes, the proteins involved in their synthesis as well as the corresponding Arabidopsis knockout mutant phenotypes are discussed in this review. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Plant Lipid Biology edited by Kent D. Chapman and Ivo Feussner.
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26
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Abstract
Sphingolipids, a once overlooked class of lipids in plants, are now recognized as abundant and essential components of plasma membrane and other endomembranes of plant cells. In addition to providing structural integrity to plant membranes, sphingolipids contribute to Golgi trafficking and protein organizational domains in the plasma membrane. Sphingolipid metabolites have also been linked to the regulation of cellular processes, including programmed cell death. Advances in mass spectrometry-based sphingolipid profiling and analyses of Arabidopsis mutants have enabled fundamental discoveries in sphingolipid structural diversity, metabolism, and function that are reviewed here. These discoveries are laying the groundwork for the tailoring of sphingolipid biosynthesis and catabolism for improved tolerance of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle D Luttgeharm
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, E318 Beadle Center, 1901 Vine Street, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Athen N Kimberlin
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, E318 Beadle Center, 1901 Vine Street, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Edgar B Cahoon
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, E318 Beadle Center, 1901 Vine Street, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA.
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27
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Feldman MJ, Poirier BC, Lange BM. Misexpression of the Niemann-Pick disease type C1 (NPC1)-like protein in Arabidopsis causes sphingolipid accumulation and reproductive defects. PLANTA 2015; 242:921-33. [PMID: 26007685 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2322-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Misexpression of the AtNPC1 - 1 and AtNPC1 - 2 genes leads to altered sphingolipid metabolism, growth impairment, and male reproductive defects in a hemizygous Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) double-mutant population. Abolishing the expression of both gene copies has lethal effects. Niemann-Pick disease type C1 is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the NPC1 gene. At the cellular level, the disorder is characterized by the accumulation of storage lipids and lipid trafficking defects. The Arabidopsis thaliana genome contains two genes (At1g42470 and At4g38350) with weak homology to mammalian NPC1. The corresponding proteins have 11 predicted membrane-spanning regions and contain a putative sterol-sensing domain. The At1g42470 protein is localized to the plasma membrane, while At4g38350 protein has a dual localization in the plasma and tonoplast membranes. A phenotypic analysis of T-DNA insertion mutants indicated that At1g42470 and At4g38350 (designated AtNPC1-1 and AtNPC1-2, respectively) have partially redundant functions and are essential for plant reproductive viability and development. Homozygous plants impaired in the expression of both genes were not recoverable. Plants of a hemizygous AtNPC1-1/atnpc1-1/atnpc1-2/atnpc1-2 population were severely dwarfed and exhibited male gametophytic defects. These gene disruptions did not have an effect on sterol concentrations; however, hemizygous AtNPC1-1/atnpc1-1/atnpc1-2/atnpc1-2 mutants had increased fatty acid amounts. Among these, fatty acid α-hydroxytetracosanoic acid (h24:0) occurs in plant sphingolipids. Follow-up analyses confirmed the accumulation of significantly increased levels of sphingolipids (assayed as hydrolyzed sphingoid base component) in the hemizygous double-mutant population. Certain effects of NPC1 misexpression may be common across divergent lineages of eukaryotes (sphingolipid accumulation), while other defects (sterol accumulation) may occur only in certain groups of eukaryotic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian J Feldman
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 North Warson Road, St. Louis, MO, 63132, USA
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28
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Luttgeharm KD, Kimberlin AN, Cahoon RE, Cerny RL, Napier JA, Markham JE, Cahoon EB. Sphingolipid metabolism is strikingly different between pollen and leaf in Arabidopsis as revealed by compositional and gene expression profiling. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 115:121-9. [PMID: 25794895 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Although sphingolipids are essential for male gametophytic development in Arabidopsis thaliana, sphingolipid composition and biosynthetic gene expression have not been previously examined in pollen. In this report, electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS/MS was applied to characterization of sphingolipid compositional profiles in pollen isolated from wild type Arabidopsis Col-0 and a long-chain base (LCB) Δ4 desaturase mutant. Pollen fractions were highly enriched in glucosylceramides (GlcCer) relative to levels previously reported in leaves. Accompanying the loss of the Δ4 unsaturated LCB sphingadiene (d18:2) in the Δ4 desaturase mutant was a 50% reduction in GlcCer concentrations. In addition, pollen glycosylinositolphosphoceramides (GIPCs) were found to have a complex array of N-acetyl-glycosylated GIPCs, including species with up to three pentose units that were absent from leaf GIPCs. Underlying the distinct sphingolipid composition of pollen, genes for key biosynthetic enzymes for GlcCer and d18:2 synthesis and metabolism were more highly expressed in pollen than in leaves or seedlings, including genes for GlcCer synthase (GCS), sphingoid base C-4 hydroxylase 2 (SBH2), LCB Δ8 desaturases (SLD1 and SLD2), and LOH2 ceramide synthase (LOH2). Overall, these findings indicate strikingly divergent sphingolipid metabolism between pollen and leaves in Arabidopsis, the significance of which remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle D Luttgeharm
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, E318 Beadle Center, 1901 Vine Street, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.
| | - Athen N Kimberlin
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, E318 Beadle Center, 1901 Vine Street, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.
| | - Rebecca E Cahoon
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, E318 Beadle Center, 1901 Vine Street, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.
| | - Ronald L Cerny
- Department of Chemistry, 710 Hamilton Hall, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.
| | - Johnathan A Napier
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Jennifer E Markham
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, E318 Beadle Center, 1901 Vine Street, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.
| | - Edgar B Cahoon
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, E318 Beadle Center, 1901 Vine Street, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.
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Zhang X, Wu Q, Cui S, Ren J, Qian W, Yang Y, He S, Chu J, Sun X, Yan C, Yu X, An C. Hijacking of the jasmonate pathway by the mycotoxin fumonisin B1 (FB1) to initiate programmed cell death in Arabidopsis is modulated by RGLG3 and RGLG4. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:2709-21. [PMID: 25788731 PMCID: PMC4986873 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The mycotoxin fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a strong inducer of programmed cell death (PCD) in plants, but its underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we describe two ubiquitin ligases, RING DOMAIN LIGASE3 (RGLG3) and RGLG4, which control FB1-triggered PCD by modulating the jasmonate (JA) signalling pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana. RGLG3 and RGLG4 transcription was sensitive to FB1. Arabidopsis FB1 sensitivity was suppressed by loss of function of RGLG3 and RGLG4 and was increased by their overexpression. Thus RGLG3 and RGLG4 have coordinated and positive roles in FB1-elicited PCD. Mutated JA perception by coi1 disrupted the RGLG3- and RGLG4-related response to FB1 and interfered with their roles in cell death. Although FB1 induced JA-responsive defence genes, it repressed growth-related, as well as JA biosynthesis-related, genes. Consistently, FB1 application reduced JA content in wild-type plants. Furthermore, exogenously applied salicylic acid additively suppressed JA signalling with FB1 treatment, suggesting that FB1-induced salicylic acid inhibits the JA pathway during this process. All of these effects were attenuated in rglg3 rglg4 plants. Altogether, these data suggest that the JA pathway is hijacked by the toxin FB1 to elicit PCD, which is coordinated by Arabidopsis RGLG3 and RGLG4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qian Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shao Cui
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiao Ren
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wanqiang Qian
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China Present address: Basic Research Service, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, 15B, Fuxing Road, Beijing 100862, China
| | - Yang Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China Present address: Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Shanping He
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China Present address: Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jinfang Chu
- National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaohong Sun
- National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Cunyu Yan
- National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiangchun Yu
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chengcai An
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Wu JX, Li J, Liu Z, Yin J, Chang ZY, Rong C, Wu JL, Bi FC, Yao N. The Arabidopsis ceramidase AtACER functions in disease resistance and salt tolerance. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 81:767-80. [PMID: 25619405 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Ceramidases hydrolyze ceramide into sphingosine and fatty acids. In mammals, ceramidases function as key regulators of sphingolipid homeostasis, but little is known about their roles in plants. Here we characterize the Arabidopsis ceramidase AtACER, a homolog of human alkaline ceramidases. The acer-1 T-DNA insertion mutant has pleiotropic phenotypes, including reduction of leaf size, dwarfing and an irregular wax layer, compared with wild-type plants. Quantitative sphingolipid profiling showed that acer-1 mutants and the artificial microRNA-mediated silenced line amiR-ACER-1 have high ceramide levels and decreased long chain bases. AtACER localizes predominantly to the endoplasmic reticulum, and partially to the Golgi complex. Furthermore, we found that acer-1 mutants and AtACER RNAi lines showed increased sensitivity to salt stress, and lines overexpressing AtACER showed increased tolerance to salt stress. Reduction of AtACER also increased plant susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae. Our data highlight the key biological functions of ceramidases in biotic and abiotic stresses in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Xin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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Wu JX, Wu JL, Yin J, Zheng P, Yao N. Ethylene Modulates Sphingolipid Synthesis in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1122. [PMID: 26734030 PMCID: PMC4679861 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids have essential structural and bioactive functions in membranes and in signaling. However, how plants regulate sphingolipid biosynthesis in the response to stress remains unclear. Here, we reveal that the plant hormone ethylene can modulate sphingolipid synthesis. The fungal toxin Fumonisin B1 (FB1) inhibits the activity of ceramide synthases, perturbing sphingolipid homeostasis, and thus inducing cell death. We used FB1 to test the role of ethylene signaling in sphingolipid synthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. The etr1-1 and ein2 mutants, which have disrupted ethylene signaling, exhibited hypersensitivity to FB1; by contrast, the eto1-1 and ctr1-1 mutants, which have enhanced ethylene signaling, exhibited increased tolerance to FB1. Gene expression analysis showed that during FB1 treatment, transcripts of genes involved in de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis were down-regulated in ctr1-1 mutants but up-regulated in ein2 mutants. Strikingly, under normal conditions, ctr1-1 mutants contained less ceramides and hydroxyceramides, compared with wild type. After FB1 treatment, ctr1-1 and ein2 mutants showed a significant improvement in sphingolipid contents, except the ctr1-1 mutants showed little change in hydroxyceramide levels. Treatment of wild-type seedlings with the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid down-regulated genes involved in the sphingolipid de novo biosynthesis pathway, thus reducing sphingolipid contents and partially rescuing FB1-induced cell death. Taking these results together, we propose that ethylene modulates sphingolipids by regulating the expression of genes related to the de novo biosynthesis of sphingolipids.
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Kaur D, Dogra V, Thapa P, Bhattacharya A, Sood A, Sreenivasulu Y. In vitro flowering associated protein changes in Dendrocalamus hamiltonii. Proteomics 2014; 15:1291-306. [PMID: 25475561 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In Dendrocalamus hamiltonii, conversion of vegetative meristem to a floral meristem was successfully achieved on flower induction medium. A total of 128 differentially expressed proteins were evidenced by 2DE in floral meristem protein profiles. Analysis of 103 proteins through PMF revealed change in abundance in the content of 79 proteins, disappearance and new appearance in the content of 7 and 17 proteins, respectively. MS/MS and subsequent homology search identified 65 proteins that were involved in metabolism (22 proteins), regulatory (11 proteins), signaling and transportation (12 proteins), stress (6 proteins), flowering (8 proteins), and unknown functions (6 proteins). The data suggested that change in metabolism related proteins might be providing nutrient resources for floral initiation in D. hamiltonii. Further, interactive effects of various proteins like bHLH145, B-4c transcription factors (heat stress transcription factor), maturase K, MADS box, zinc finger proteins, and scarecrow-like protein 21 (flowering related), a key enzyme of ethylene biosynthesis SAMS (S-adenosylmethionine synthase) and aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase, improved calcium signaling related proteins (CML36), and change in phytohormone related proteins such as phosphatase proteins (2c3 and 2c55), which are the positive regulators of gibberellic acid and phytochrome regulation related proteins (DASH, LWD1) might be the possible major regulators of floral transition in this bamboo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devinder Kaur
- Division of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Li M, Markham JE, Wang X. Overexpression of patatin-related phospholipase AIIIβ altered the content and composition of sphingolipids in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:553. [PMID: 25374574 PMCID: PMC4204433 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In plants, fatty acids are primarily synthesized in plastids and then transported to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for synthesis of most of the complex membrane lipids, including glycerolipids and sphingolipids. The first step of sphingolipid synthesis, which uses a fatty acid and a serine as substrates, is critical for sphingolipid homeostasis; its disruption leads to an altered plant growth. Phospholipase As have been implicated in the trafficking of fatty acids from plastids to the ER. Previously, we found that overexpression of a patatin-related phospholipase, pPLAIIIβ, resulted in a smaller plant size and altered anisotropic cell expansion. Here, we determined the content and composition of sphingolipids in pPLAIIIβ-knockout and overexpression plants (pPLAIIIβ-KO and -OE). 3-keto-sphinganine, the product of the first step of sphingolipid synthesis, had a 26% decrease in leaves of pPLAIIIβ-KO while a 52% increase in pPLAIIIβ-OE compared to wild type (WT). The levels of free long-chain base species, dihydroxy-C18:0 and trihydroxy-18:0 (d18:0 and t18:0), were 38 and 97% higher, respectively, in pPLAIIIβ-OE than in WT. The level of complex sphingolipids ceramide d18:0-16:0 and t18:1-16:0 had a twofold increase in pPLAIIIβ-OE. The level of hydroxy ceramide d18:0-h16:0 was 72% higher in pPLAIIIβ-OE compared to WT. The levels of several species of glucosylceramide and glycosylinositolphosphoceramide tended to be higher in pPLAIIIβ-OE than in WT. The total content of the complex sphingolipids showed a slightly higher in pPLAIIIβ-OE than in WT. These results revealed an involvement of phospholipase-mediated lipid homeostasis in plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoyin Li
- Department of Biology, University of MissouriSt. Louis, MO, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science CenterSt. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Xuemin Wang
- Department of Biology, University of MissouriSt. Louis, MO, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science CenterSt. Louis, MO, USA
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Zhang H, Jin X, Huang L, Hong Y, Zhang Y, Ouyang Z, Li X, Song F, Li D. Molecular characterization of rice sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase gene OsSPL1 and functional analysis of its role in disease resistance response. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2014; 33:1745-56. [PMID: 25113543 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-014-1653-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Our results indicate that overexpression of OsSPL1 in transgenic tobacco plants attenuated disease resistance and facilitated programmed cell death. Long-chain base phosphates including sphingosine-1-phosphate have been shown to act as signaling mediators in regulating programmed cell death (PCD) and stress responses in mammals. In the present study, we characterized a rice gene OsSPL1, encoding a putative sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase that is involved in metabolism of sphingosine-1-phosphate. Expression of OsSPL1 was down-regulated in rice plants after treatments with salicylic acid, benzothiadiazole and 1-amino cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, but was induced by infection with a virulent strain of Magnaporthe oryzae, the causal agent of rice blast disease. Transgenic tobacco lines with overexpression of OsSPL1 were generated and analyzed for the possible role of OsSPL1 in disease resistance response and PCD. The OsSPL1-overexpressing tobacco plants displayed increased susceptibility to infection of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci (Pst), the causal agent of wildfire disease, showing severity of disease symptom and bacterial titers in inoculated leaves, and attenuated pathogen-induced expression of PR genes after infection of Pst as compared to the wild-type and vector-transformed plants. Higher level of cell death, as revealed by dead cell staining, leakage of electrolyte and expression of hypersensitive response indicator genes, was observed in the OsSPL1-overexpressing plants after treatment with fumonisin B1, a fungal toxin that induces PCD in plants. Our results suggest that OsSPL1 has different functions in regulating disease resistance response and PCD in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, People's Republic of China
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35
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Chueasiri C, Chunthong K, Pitnjam K, Chakhonkaen S, Sangarwut N, Sangsawang K, Suksangpanomrung M, Michaelson LV, Napier JA, Muangprom A. Rice ORMDL controls sphingolipid homeostasis affecting fertility resulting from abnormal pollen development. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106386. [PMID: 25192280 PMCID: PMC4156325 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The orosomucoids (ORM) are ER-resisdent polypeptides encoded by ORM and ORMDL (ORM-like) genes. In humans, ORMDL3 was reported as genetic risk factor associated to asthma. In yeast, ORM proteins act as negative regulators of sphingolipid synthesis. Sphingolipids are important molecules regulating several processes including stress responses and apoptosis. However, the function of ORM/ORMDL genes in plants has not yet been reported. Previously, we found that temperature sensitive genetic male sterility (TGMS) rice lines controlled by tms2 contain a deletion of about 70 kb in chromosome 7. We identified four genes expressed in panicles, including an ORMDL ortholog, as candidates for tms2. In this report, we quantified expression of the only two candidate genes normally expressed in anthers of wild type plants grown in controlled growth rooms for fertile and sterile conditions. We found that only the ORMDL gene (LOC_Os07g26940) showed differential expression under these conditions. To better understand the function of rice ORMDL genes, we generated RNAi transgenic rice plants suppressing either LOC_Os07g26940, or all three ORMDL genes present in rice. We found that the RNAi transgenic plants with low expression of either LOC_Os07g26940 alone or all three ORMDL genes were sterile, having abnormal pollen morphology and staining. In addition, we found that both sphingolipid metabolism and expression of genes involved in sphingolipid synthesis were perturbed in the tms2 mutant, analogous to the role of ORMs in yeast. Our results indicated that plant ORMDL proteins influence sphingolipid homeostasis, and deletion of this gene affected fertility resulting from abnormal pollen development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutharat Chueasiri
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Thailand Science Park, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Ketsuwan Chunthong
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Thailand Science Park, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Keasinee Pitnjam
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Thailand Science Park, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Sriprapai Chakhonkaen
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Thailand Science Park, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Numphet Sangarwut
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Thailand Science Park, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Kanidta Sangsawang
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Thailand Science Park, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Malinee Suksangpanomrung
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Thailand Science Park, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Louise V. Michaelson
- Biological Chemistry Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Johnathan A. Napier
- Biological Chemistry Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Amorntip Muangprom
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Thailand Science Park, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, Thailand
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Basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor BcbHLHpol functions as a positive regulator of pollen development in non-heading Chinese cabbage. Funct Integr Genomics 2014; 14:731-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10142-014-0390-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Kimberlin AN, Majumder S, Han G, Chen M, Cahoon RE, Stone JM, Dunn TM, Cahoon EB. Arabidopsis 56-amino acid serine palmitoyltransferase-interacting proteins stimulate sphingolipid synthesis, are essential, and affect mycotoxin sensitivity. THE PLANT CELL 2013. [PMID: 24214397 DOI: 10.2307/23598494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of sphingolipid homeostasis is critical for cell growth and programmed cell death (PCD). Serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT), composed of LCB1 and LCB2 subunits, catalyzes the primary regulatory point for sphingolipid synthesis. Small subunits of SPT (ssSPT) that strongly stimulate SPT activity have been identified in mammals, but the role of ssSPT in eukaryotic cells is unclear. Candidate Arabidopsis thaliana ssSPTs, ssSPTa and ssSPTb, were identified and characterized. Expression of these 56-amino acid polypeptides in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae SPT null mutant stimulated SPT activity from the Arabidopsis LCB1/LCB2 heterodimer by >100-fold through physical interaction with LCB1/LCB2. ssSPTa transcripts were more enriched in all organs and >400-fold more abundant in pollen than ssSPTb transcripts. Accordingly, homozygous ssSPTa T-DNA mutants were not recoverable, and 50% nonviable pollen was detected in heterozygous ssspta mutants. Pollen viability was recovered by expression of wild-type ssSPTa or ssSPTb under control of the ssSPTa promoter, indicating ssSPTa and ssSPTb functional redundancy. SPT activity and sensitivity to the PCD-inducing mycotoxin fumonisin B1 (FB1) were increased by ssSPTa overexpression. Conversely, SPT activity and FB1 sensitivity were reduced in ssSPTa RNA interference lines. These results demonstrate that ssSPTs are essential for male gametophytes, are important for FB1 sensitivity, and limit sphingolipid synthesis in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athen N Kimberlin
- Center for Plant Science Inovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
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Kimberlin AN, Majumder S, Han G, Chen M, Cahoon RE, Stone JM, Dunn TM, Cahoon EB. Arabidopsis 56-amino acid serine palmitoyltransferase-interacting proteins stimulate sphingolipid synthesis, are essential, and affect mycotoxin sensitivity. THE PLANT CELL 2013; 25:4627-39. [PMID: 24214397 PMCID: PMC3875740 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.113.116145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of sphingolipid homeostasis is critical for cell growth and programmed cell death (PCD). Serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT), composed of LCB1 and LCB2 subunits, catalyzes the primary regulatory point for sphingolipid synthesis. Small subunits of SPT (ssSPT) that strongly stimulate SPT activity have been identified in mammals, but the role of ssSPT in eukaryotic cells is unclear. Candidate Arabidopsis thaliana ssSPTs, ssSPTa and ssSPTb, were identified and characterized. Expression of these 56-amino acid polypeptides in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae SPT null mutant stimulated SPT activity from the Arabidopsis LCB1/LCB2 heterodimer by >100-fold through physical interaction with LCB1/LCB2. ssSPTa transcripts were more enriched in all organs and >400-fold more abundant in pollen than ssSPTb transcripts. Accordingly, homozygous ssSPTa T-DNA mutants were not recoverable, and 50% nonviable pollen was detected in heterozygous ssspta mutants. Pollen viability was recovered by expression of wild-type ssSPTa or ssSPTb under control of the ssSPTa promoter, indicating ssSPTa and ssSPTb functional redundancy. SPT activity and sensitivity to the PCD-inducing mycotoxin fumonisin B1 (FB1) were increased by ssSPTa overexpression. Conversely, SPT activity and FB1 sensitivity were reduced in ssSPTa RNA interference lines. These results demonstrate that ssSPTs are essential for male gametophytes, are important for FB1 sensitivity, and limit sphingolipid synthesis in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athen N. Kimberlin
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Saurav Majumder
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814
| | - Gongshe Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814
| | - Ming Chen
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Rebecca E. Cahoon
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Julie M. Stone
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Teresa M. Dunn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814
| | - Edgar B. Cahoon
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
- Address correspondence to
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Ueda K, Yoshimura F, Miyao A, Hirochika H, Nonomura KI, Wabiko H. Collapsed abnormal pollen1 gene encoding the Arabinokinase-like protein is involved in pollen development in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 162:858-71. [PMID: 23629836 PMCID: PMC3668075 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.216523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We isolated a pollen-defective mutant, collapsed abnormal pollen1 (cap1), from Tos17 insertional mutant lines of rice (Oryza sativa). The cap1 heterozygous plant produced equal numbers of normal and collapsed abnormal grains. The abnormal pollen grains lacked almost all cytoplasmic materials, nuclei, and intine cell walls and did not germinate. Genetic analysis of crosses revealed that the cap1 mutation did not affect female reproduction or vegetative growth. CAP1 encodes a protein consisting of 996 amino acids that showed high similarity to Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) l-arabinokinase, which catalyzes the conversion of l-arabinose to l-arabinose 1-phosphate. A wild-type genomic DNA segment containing CAP1 restored mutants to normal pollen grains. During rice pollen development, CAP1 was preferentially expressed in anthers at the bicellular pollen stage, and the effects of the cap1 mutation were mainly detected at this stage. Based on the metabolic pathway of l-arabinose, cap1 pollen phenotype may have been caused by toxic accumulation of l-arabinose or by inhibition of cell wall metabolism due to the lack of UDP-l-arabinose derived from l-arabinose 1-phosphate. The expression pattern of CAP1 was very similar to that of another Arabidopsis homolog that showed 71% amino acid identity with CAP1. Our results suggested that CAP1 and related genes are critical for pollen development in both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Ueda
- Department of Biological Production, Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita 010-0195, Japan.
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Rivas-San Vicente M, Larios-Zarate G, Plasencia J. Disruption of sphingolipid biosynthesis in Nicotiana benthamiana activates salicylic acid-dependent responses and compromises resistance to Alternaria alternata f. sp. lycopersici. PLANTA 2013; 237:121-36. [PMID: 22990908 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-012-1758-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids play an important role in signal transduction pathways that regulate physiological functions and stress responses in eukaryotes. In plants, recent evidence suggests that their metabolic precursors, the long-chain bases (LCBs) act as bioactive molecules in the immune response. Interestingly, the virulence of two unrelated necrotrophic fungi, Fusarium verticillioides and Alternaria alternata, which are pathogens of maize and tomato plants, respectively, depends on the production of sphinganine-analog mycotoxins (SAMs). These metabolites inhibit de novo synthesis of sphingolipids in their hosts causing accumulation of LCBs, which are key regulators of programmed cell death. Therefore, to gain more insight into the role of sphingolipids in plant immunity against SAM-producing necrotrophic fungi, we disrupted sphingolipid metabolism in Nicotiana benthamiana through virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of the serine palmitoyltransfersase (SPT). This enzyme catalyzes the first reaction in LCB synthesis. VIGS of SPT profoundly affected N. benthamiana development as well as LCB composition of sphingolipids. While total levels of phytosphingosine decreased, sphinganine and sphingosine levels increased in SPT-silenced plants, compared with control plants. Plant immunity was also affected as silenced plants accumulated salicylic acid (SA), constitutively expressed the SA-inducible NbPR-1 gene and showed increased susceptibility to the necrotroph A. alternata f. sp. lycopersici. In contrast, expression of NbPR-2 and NbPR-3 genes was delayed in silenced plants upon fungal infection. Our results strongly suggest that LCBs modulate the SA-dependent responses and provide a working model of the potential role of SAMs from necrotrophic fungi to disrupt the plant host response to foster colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Rivas-San Vicente
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Mexico D.F., Mexico
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Mu J, Tan H, Hong S, Liang Y, Zuo J. Arabidopsis transcription factor genes NF-YA1, 5, 6, and 9 play redundant roles in male gametogenesis, embryogenesis, and seed development. MOLECULAR PLANT 2013; 6:188-201. [PMID: 22933713 DOI: 10.1093/mp/sss061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) is a highly conserved transcription factor presented in all eukaryotic organisms, and is a heterotrimer consisting of three subunits: NF-YA, NF-YB, and NF-YC. In Arabidopsis, these three subunits are encoded by multigene families. The best-studied member of the NF-Y transcription factors is LEAFY COTYLEDON1 (LEC1), a NF-YB family member, which plays a critical role in embryogenesis and seed maturation. However, the function of most NF-Y genes remains elusive. Here, we report the characterization of four genes in the NF-YA family. We found that a gain-of-function mutant of NF-YA1 showed defects in male gametogenesis and embryogenesis. Consistently, overexpression of NF-YA1, 5, 6, and 9 affects male gametogenesis, embryogenesis, seed morphology, and seed germination, with a stronger phenotype when overexpressing NF-YA1 and NF-YA9. Moreover, overexpression of these NF-YA genes also causes hypersensitivity to abscisic acid (ABA) during seed germination, retarded seedling growth, and late flowering at different degrees. Intriguingly, overexpression of NF-YA1, 5, 6, and 9 is sufficient to induce the formation of somatic embryos from the vegetative tissues. However, single or double mutants of these NF-YA genes do not have detectable phenotype. Collectively, these results provide evidence that NF-YA1, 5, 6, and 9 play redundant roles in male gametophyte development, embryogenesis, seed development, and post-germinative growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinye Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center-Beijing, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China
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Zhang H, Li L, Yu Y, Mo J, Sun L, Liu B, Li D, Song F. Cloning and characterization of two rice long-chain base kinase genes and their function in disease resistance and cell death. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 40:117-27. [PMID: 23054004 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2040-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipid metabolites such as long-chain base 1-phosphates (LCBPs) have been shown to play an important role in plants; however, little is known about their function in plant disease resistance and programmed cell death (PCD). In the present study, we cloned and identified two rice long-chain base kinase (LCBK) genes (OsLCBK1 and OsLCBK2), which are involved in biosynthesis of LCBPs, and performed functional analysis in transgenic tobacco. Expression of OsLCBK1 and OsLCBK2 was induced in rice seedlings after treatments with defense signaling molecules and after infection by Magnaporthe grisea, the causal agent of blast disease. Transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing OsLCBK1 were generated and disease resistance assays indicate that the OsLCBK1-overexpressing plants showed enhanced disease resistance against Pseudmonas syringae pv. tabacci, the causal agent of wildfire disease, and tobacco mosaic virus. Expression levels of some defense-related genes were constitutively up-regulated and further induced after pathogen infection in the OsLCBK1-overexpressing plants. Treatment with fungal toxin fumonisin B1, an effective inducer of PCD in plants, resulted in reduced level of cell death in the OsLCBK1-overexpressing plants, as indicated by cell death staining, leakage of electrolyte and expression of hypersensitive response indicator genes. These data suggest that rice LCBKs, probably through regulation of endogenous LCBP level, play important roles in disease resistance response and PCD in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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Zhang H, Zhai J, Mo J, Li D, Song F. Overexpression of rice sphingosine-1-phoshpate lyase gene OsSPL1 in transgenic tobacco reduces salt and oxidative stress tolerance. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 54:652-62. [PMID: 22889013 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2012.01150.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids, including sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), have been shown to function as signaling mediators to regulate diverse aspects of plant growth, development, and stress response. In this study, we performed functional analysis of a rice (Oryza sativa) S1P lyase gene OsSPL1 in transgenic tobacco plants and explored its possible involvement in abiotic stress response. Overexpression of OsSPL1 in transgenic tobacco resulted in enhanced sensitivity to exogenous abscisic acid (ABA), and decreased tolerance to salt and oxidative stress, when compared with the wild type. Furthermore, the expression levels of some selected stress-related genes in OsSPL1-overexpressing plants were reduced after application of salt or oxidative stress, indicating that the altered responsiveness of stress-related genes may be responsible for the reduced tolerance in OsSPL1-overexpressing tobacco plants under salt and oxidative stress. Our results suggest that rice OsSPL1 plays an important role in abiotic stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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Berkey R, Bendigeri D, Xiao S. Sphingolipids and plant defense/disease: the "death" connection and beyond. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2012; 3:68. [PMID: 22639658 PMCID: PMC3355615 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2012.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids comprise a major class of structural materials and lipid signaling molecules in all eukaryotic cells. Over the past two decades, there has been a phenomenal growth in the study of sphingolipids (i.e., sphingobiology) at an average rate of ∼1000 research articles per year. Sphingolipid studies in plants, though accounting for only a small fraction (∼6%) of the total number of publications, have also enjoyed proportionally rapid growth in the past decade. Concomitant with the growth of sphingobiology, there has also been tremendous progress in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of plant innate immunity. In this review, we (i) cross examine and analyze the major findings that establish and strengthen the intimate connections between sphingolipid metabolism and plant programmed cell death (PCD) associated with plant defense or disease; (ii) highlight and compare key bioactive sphingolipids involved in the regulation of plant PCD and possibly defense; (iii) discuss the potential role of sphingolipids in polarized membrane/protein trafficking and formation of lipid rafts as subdomains of cell membranes in relation to plant defense; and (iv) where possible, attempt to identify potential parallels for immunity-related mechanisms involving sphingolipids across kingdoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Berkey
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of MarylandRockville, MD, USA
- Department of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of MarylandCollege Park, MD, USA
| | - Dipti Bendigeri
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of MarylandRockville, MD, USA
- Department of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of MarylandCollege Park, MD, USA
| | - Shunyuan Xiao
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of MarylandRockville, MD, USA
- Department of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of MarylandCollege Park, MD, USA
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Vardar F, Unal M. Ultrastructural aspects and programmed cell death in the tapetal cells of Lathyrus undulatus Boiss. ACTA BIOLOGICA HUNGARICA 2012; 63:52-66. [PMID: 22453800 DOI: 10.1556/abiol.63.2012.1.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) in the tapetum of Lathyrus undulatus L. was analyzed based on light, fluorescence and electron microscopy to characterize its spatial and temporal occurrence. Development and processes of PCD in secretory tapetal cells of Lathyrus undulatus L. were correlated with the sporogenous cells and pollen grains. At early stages of development the tapetal cells appeared similar to pollen mother cells, structurally. Concurrent with meiosis, tapetum expanded both tangentially and radially as vacuoles increased in size. Tapetal cells most fully developed at young microspore stage. However, tapetum underwent substantial changes in cell organization including nucleus morphology monitored by DAPI. The TUNEL staining confirmed the occurrence of intra-nucleosomal DNA cleavage. In addition to nuclear degeneration which is the first hallmark of PCD other diagnostic features were observed at vacuolated microspore stage intensely; such as chromatin condensation at the periphery of the nucleus, nuclear membrane degeneration, chromatin release to the cytoplasm, vacuole collapse according to tonoplast rupture, shrinkage of the cytoplasm, the increase and enlargement of the endoplasmic reticulum cisternae and disruption of the plasma membrane. After vacuole collapse due to possible release of hydrolytic enzymes the cell components degraded. Tapetal cells completely degenerated at bicellular pollen stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filiz Vardar
- Science and Art Faculty, Department of Biology, Marmara University, Göztepe 34722 İstanbul, Turkey.
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Islam MN, Jacquemot MP, Coursol S, Ng CKY. Sphingosine in plants--more riddles from the Sphinx? THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2012; 193:51-57. [PMID: 22070536 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03963.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
• Sphingolipids are emerging as important mediators of cellular and developmental processes in plants, and advances in lipidomics have yielded a wealth of information on the composition of plant sphingolipidomes. Studies using Arabidopsis thaliana showed that the dihydroxy long-chain base (LCB) is desaturated at carbon position 8 (d18:1(Δ8)). This raised important questions on the role(s) of sphingosine (d18:1(Δ4)) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (d18:1(Δ4)-P) in plants, as these LCBs appear to be absent in A. thaliana. • Here, we surveyed 21 species from various phylogenetic groups to ascertain the position of desaturation of the d18:1 LCB, in order to gain further insights into the prevalence of d18:1(Δ4) and d18:1(Δ8) in plants. • Our results showed that d18:1(Δ8) is common in gymnosperms, whereas d18:1(Δ4) is widespread within nonseed land plants and the Poales, suggesting that d18:1(Δ4) is evolutionarily more ancient than d18:1(Δ8) in Viridiplantae. Additionally, phylogenetic analysis indicated that the sphingolipid Δ4-desaturases from Viridiplantae form a monophyletic group, with Angiosperm sequences falling into two distinct clades, the Eudicots and the Poales. • We propose that efforts to elucidate the role(s) of d18:1(Δ4) and d18:1(Δ4)-P should focus on genetically tractable Viridiplantae species where the d18:1 LCB is desaturated at carbon position 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nurul Islam
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | | | - Sylvie Coursol
- INRA, UMR 320/UMR 8120 Génétique Végétale, F-91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Carl K-Y Ng
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Li SF, Song LY, Yin WB, Chen YH, Chen L, Li JL, Wang RRC, Hu ZM. Isolation and functional characterisation of the genes encoding Δ(8)-sphingolipid desaturase from Brassica rapa. J Genet Genomics 2012; 39:47-59. [PMID: 22293117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Revised: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Δ(8)-Sphingolipid desaturase is the key enzyme that catalyses desaturation at the C8 position of the long-chain base of sphingolipids in higher plants. There have been no previous studies on the genes encoding Δ(8)-sphingolipid desaturases in Brassica rapa. In this study, four genes encoding Δ(8)-sphingolipid desaturases from B. rapa were isolated and characterised. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that these genes could be divided into two groups: BrD8A, BrD8C and BrD8D in group I, and BrD8B in group II. The two groups of genes diverged before the separation of Arabidopsis and Brassica. Though the four genes shared a high sequence similarity, and their coding desaturases all located in endoplasmic reticulum, they exhibited distinct expression patterns. Heterologous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae revealed that BrD8A/B/C/D were functionally diverse Δ(8)-sphingolipid desaturases that catalyse different ratios of the two products 8(Z)- and 8(E)-C18-phytosphingenine. The aluminium tolerance of transgenic yeasts expressing BrD8A/B/C/D was enhanced compared with that of control cells. Expression of BrD8A in Arabidopsis changed the ratio of 8(Z):8(E)-C18-phytosphingenine in transgenic plants. The information reported here provides new insights into the biochemical functional diversity and evolutionary relationship of Δ(8)-sphingolipid desaturase in plants and lays a foundation for further investigation of the mechanism of 8(Z)- and 8(E)-C18-phytosphingenine biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Fen Li
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Muralla R, Lloyd J, Meinke D. Molecular foundations of reproductive lethality in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28398. [PMID: 22164284 PMCID: PMC3229588 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The SeedGenes database (www.seedgenes.org) contains information on more than 400 genes required for embryo development in Arabidopsis. Many of these EMBRYO-DEFECTIVE (EMB) genes encode proteins with an essential function required throughout the life cycle. This raises a fundamental question. Why does elimination of an essential gene in Arabidopsis often result in embryo lethality rather than gametophyte lethality? In other words, how do mutant (emb) gametophytes survive and participate in fertilization when an essential cellular function is disrupted? Furthermore, why do some mutant embryos proceed further in development than others? To address these questions, we first established a curated dataset of genes required for gametophyte development in Arabidopsis based on information extracted from the literature. This provided a basis for comparison with EMB genes obtained from the SeedGenes dataset. We also identified genes that exhibited both embryo and gametophyte defects when disrupted by a loss-of-function mutation. We then evaluated the relationship between mutant phenotype, gene redundancy, mutant allele strength, gene expression pattern, protein function, and intracellular protein localization to determine what factors influence the phenotypes of lethal mutants in Arabidopsis. After removing cases where continued development potentially resulted from gene redundancy or residual function of a weak mutant allele, we identified numerous examples of viable mutant (emb) gametophytes that required further explanation. We propose that the presence of gene products derived from transcription in diploid (heterozygous) sporocytes often enables mutant gametophytes to survive the loss of an essential gene in Arabidopsis. Whether gene disruption results in embryo or gametophyte lethality therefore depends in part on the ability of residual, parental gene products to support gametophyte development. We also highlight here 70 preglobular embryo mutants with a zygotic pattern of inheritance, which provide valuable insights into the maternal-to-zygotic transition in Arabidopsis and the timing of paternal gene activation during embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Muralla
- Department of Botany, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Johnny Lloyd
- Department of Botany, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - David Meinke
- Department of Botany, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Zhang J, Teng C, Liang Y. Programmed cell death may act as a surveillance mechanism to safeguard male gametophyte development in Arabidopsis. Protein Cell 2011; 2:837-44. [PMID: 22058038 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-011-1102-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) plays an important role in plant growth and development as well as in stress responses. During male gametophyte development, it has been proposed that PCD may act as a cellular surveillance mechanism to ensure successful progression of male gametogenesis, and this suicide protective machinery is repressed under favorable growth conditions. However, the regulatory mechanism of male gametophyte-specific PCD remains unknown. Here, we report the use of a TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling-based strategy for genetic screening of Arabidopsis mutants that present PCD phenotype during male gametophyte development. By using this approach, we identified 12 mutants, designated as pcd in male gametogenesis (pig). pig mutants are defective at various stages of male gametophyte development, among which nine pig mutants show a microspore-specific PCD phenotype occurring mainly around pollen mitosis I or the bicellular stage. The PIG1 gene was identified by map-based cloning, and was found to be identical to ATAXIA TELANGIECTASIA MUTATED (ATM), a highly conserved gene in eukaryotes and a key regulator of the DNA damage response. Our results suggest that PCD may act as a general mechanism to safeguard the entire process of male gametophyte development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Michaelson LV. New insights into cell death induced by long chain bases in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2011; 191:909-911. [PMID: 21834911 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03843.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Louise V Michaelson
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts AL5 2JQ, UK (tel +44 0 1582 763133; email )
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