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Hu Y, Ji J, Cheng H, Luo R, Zhang J, Li W, Wang X, Zhang J, Yao Y. The miR408a-BBP-LAC3/CSD1 module regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis mediated by crosstalk between copper homeostasis and ROS homeostasis during light induction in Malus plants. J Adv Res 2023; 51:27-44. [PMID: 36371057 PMCID: PMC10491975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The expression of miR408 is affected by copper (Cu) conditions and positively regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. However, the underlying mechanisms by which miR408 regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis mediated by Cu homeostasis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis remain unclear in Malus plants. OBJECTIVES Our study aims to elucidate how miR408a and its target, basic blue protein (BBP) regulate Cu homeostasis and ROS homeostasis, and anthocyanin biosynthesis in Malus plants. METHODS The roles of miR408a and its target BBP in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis, Cu homeostasis, and ROS homeostasis were mainly identified in Malus plants. RESULTS We found that the BBP protein interacted with the copper-binding proteins LAC3 (laccase) and CSD1 (Cu/Zn SOD superoxide dismutase), indicating a potential crosstalk between Cu homeostasis and ROS homeostasis might be mediated by miR408 to regulate the anthocyanin accumulation. Further studies showed that overexpressing miR408a or suppressing BBP transiently significantly increased the expression of genes related to Cu binding and Cu transport, leading to anthocyanin accumulation under light induction in apple fruit and Malus plantlets. Consistently, opposite results were obtained when repressing miR408a or overexpressing BBP. Moreover, light induction significantly increased the expression of miR408a, CSD1, and LAC3, but significantly reduced the BBP expression, resulting in increased Cu content and anthocyanin accumulation. Furthermore, excessive Cu significantly increased the anthocyanin accumulation, accompanied by reduced expression of miR408a and Cu transport genes, and upregulated expression of Cu binding proteins including BBP, LAC3, and CSD1 to maintain the Cu homeostasis and ROS homeostasis in Malus plantlets. CONCLUSION Our findings provide new insights into the mechanism by which the miR408a-BBP-LAC3/CSD1 module perceives light and Cu signals regulating Cu and ROS homeostasis, ultimately affecting anthocyanin biosynthesis in Malus plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Hu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jiayi Ji
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing 102206, China; Beijing Forestry University, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Rongli Luo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xingsui Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Yuncong Yao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing 102206, China.
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Yang S, Yin R, Wang C, Yang Y, Wang J. Phytotoxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles and multi-walled carbon nanotubes, alone or in combination, on Arabidopsis thaliana and their mutual effects on oxidative homeostasis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281756. [PMID: 36791126 PMCID: PMC9931106 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The extensive use of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) has raised concerns about their potentially harmful effects on the ecosystem. Despite previous reports of a variety of individual ENPs, the mutual effects of ENPs when used in combination were not well understood. In this study, we first investigated the effects of different sizes and concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) or multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the growth performance of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. Then, two concentrations of ZnO NP (40 and 50 mg/L) with a diameter of 90 nm and MWCNTs (100 and 500 mg/L) with an outer diameter of 40-60 nm were used to evaluate their respective or simultaneous phytotoxicity to Arabidopsis. The results showed that seedlings exposed to either ZnO NPs or MWCNTs exhibited significant phytotoxic symptoms. ZnO NPs caused stronger inhibitory effects than MWCNTs on several plant growth indices, including reduced root length, chlorophyll content, and increased ROS concentration. When applied together, the concurrent effects of ZnO NPs and MWCNTs on Arabidopsis seedlings appeared to be more negative, as evidenced not only by the further deterioration of several growth indices but also by their synergistic or additive regulation of the activities of several antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR). Moreover, qRT-PCR analysis revealed that in the presence of ZnO NPs and MWCNTs, the expression of genes important for maintaining cellular ROS homeostasis was differentially regulated in shoots and roots of Arabidopsis seedlings. Overall, our data may provide new insights into how plants respond to more than one type of nanomaterial and help us better understand the associated environmental risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohui Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Nankai Area, Tianjin, China
| | - Rong Yin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Nankai Area, Tianjin, China
| | - Chen Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Nankai Area, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongkui Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Nankai Area, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiehua Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Nankai Area, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail:
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Ćosić MV, Mišić DM, Jakovljević KM, Giba ZS, Sabovljević AD, Sabovljević MS, Vujičić MM. Analysis of the Qualitative and Quantitative Content of the Phenolic Compounds of Selected Moss Species under NaCl Stress. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041794. [PMID: 36838781 PMCID: PMC9967137 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The response to salt stress analysed by quantitative and qualitative analyses in three selected moss species was studied. Non-halophytic funaroid Physcomitrium patens and two halophytic mosses, funaroid Entosthodon hungaricus and pottioid Hennediella heimii were exposed to salt stress under controlled in vitro conditions. The results clearly showed various phenolics to be present and included to some extent as a non-enzymatic component of oxidative, i.e., salt stress. The common pattern of responses characteristic of phenolic compounds was not present in these moss species, but in all three species the role of phenolics to stress tolerance was documented. The phenolic p-coumaric acid detected in all three species is assumed to be a common phenolic included in the antioxidative response and salt-stress tolerance. Although the stress response in each species also included other phenolics, the mechanisms were different, and also dependent on the stress intensity and duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija V. Ćosić
- Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Takovska 43, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence:
| | - Danijela M. Mišić
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ksenija M. Jakovljević
- Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Takovska 43, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zlatko S. Giba
- Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Takovska 43, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aneta D. Sabovljević
- Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Takovska 43, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko S. Sabovljević
- Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Takovska 43, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Mánesova 23, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Milorad M. Vujičić
- Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Takovska 43, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Sheng X, Zhaohui Z, Zhihui W. Potentially toxic elements have adverse effects on moss communities in the manganese mines of Southern China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 305:119255. [PMID: 35395347 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the distribution of moss species, physiological parameters (superoxide dismutase, peroxide, catalase, and total chlorophyll), and concentrations of potentially toxic elements (Mn, Cr, Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd) in moss communities and topsoil at the Huayuan manganese mine, Xiangjiang manganese mine, and Nancha manganese mine (Southern China). Partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) was then performed to determine the relationship between the indicators. Cd, Mn, and Zn were the main topsoil pollutants, followed by Pb, Cr, and Cu. A total of 73 moss species, comprising 31 genera from 17 families, and 8 community functional groups were identified. The most dominant families were Pottiaceae (30.14%) and Bryaceae (21.92%). PLS-PM revealed that increasing topsoil Mn, Cr, Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd significantly reduced species diversity and functional diversity. These potentially toxic elements in the topsoil impeded vegetation growth by deteriorating soil conditions and subsequently altering the microenvironment of the moss communities. The community-weighted means demonstrated that functional traits of turfs and warty leaves were the adaptation of the moss communities to an increasingly dry and exposed microenvironment. Moss species with curly and narrow leaves were used to reduce contact with particulate pollutants. PLS-PM also indicated that Mn, Cr, Pb, and Cd may have a detrimental effect on superoxide dismutase, peroxide, catalase, and total chlorophyll, although further validation studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Sheng
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Area and Protection of Ecological Environment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Zhang Zhaohui
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Area and Protection of Ecological Environment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China.
| | - Wang Zhihui
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
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Khurana R, Bhimrajka S, Sivakrishna Rao G, Verma V, Boora N, Gawande G, Kapoor M, Rao KV, Kapoor S. Characterization of Transcription Regulatory Domains of OsMADS29: Identification of Proximal Auxin-Responsive Domains and a Strong Distal Negative Element. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:850956. [PMID: 35557721 PMCID: PMC9085466 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.850956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OsMADS29 (M29) is a seed-specific MADS-box transcription factor involved in programmed cell death of nucellar tissue and maintaining auxin:cytokinin homeostasis. It affects embryo and endosperm development and starch filling during seed development in rice. Its expression seems to be tightly regulated by developmental, spatial, and temporal cues; however, cis- and trans-regulatory factors that affect its expression are largely unknown. In silico analysis of the 1.7 kb upstream regulatory region (URR) consisting of 1,290 bp promoter and 425 bp 5'-UTR regions revealed several auxin-responsive and seed-specific cis-regulatory elements distributed across the URR. In this study, the analysis of four URR deletions fused to a downstream β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter in transgenic rice has revealed the presence of several proximal positive elements and a strong distal negative element (NE). The promoter regions containing auxin-responsive elements responded positively to the exogenous application of auxins to transgenic seedlings. The proximal positive elements are capable of driving reporter expression in both vegetative and reproductive tissues. In contrast, the NE strongly suppresses reporter gene expression in both vegetative and reproductive tissues. In a transient onion peel assay system, the NE could reduce the efficacy of a 2x CaMV 35S promoter by ∼90%. Our results indicate the existence of a complex array of positive and negative regulatory regions along with auxin-responsive elements guiding the development-dependent and spatial expression of M29.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ridhi Khurana
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanchi Bhimrajka
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Vibha Verma
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Neelima Boora
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Gautam Gawande
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Meenu Kapoor
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sanjay Kapoor
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
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Abstract
Nutrients are scarce and valuable resources, so plants developed sophisticated mechanisms to optimize nutrient use efficiency. A crucial part of this is monitoring external and internal nutrient levels to adjust processes such as uptake, redistribution, and cellular compartmentation. Measurement of nutrient levels is carried out by primary sensors that typically involve either transceptors or transcription factors. Primary sensors are only now starting to be identified in plants for some nutrients. In particular, for nitrate, there is detailed insight concerning how the external nitrate status is sensed by members of the nitrate transporter 1 (NRT1) family. Potential sensors for other macronutrients such as potassium and sodium have also been identified recently, whereas for micronutrients such as zinc and iron, transcription factor type sensors have been reported. This review provides an overview that interprets and evaluates our current understanding of how plants sense macro and micronutrients in the rhizosphere and root symplast.
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Pal P, Biswas S, Mukhopadhyay PK. Molecular perspective concerning fluoride and arsenic mediated disorders on epididymal maturation of spermatozoa: A concise review. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:2025-2038. [PMID: 34085563 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211021474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Epididymis is a complex tubular structure of male reproductive system where spermatozoa undergo maturation and gain the fertilizing ability. Epididymal pseudostratified columnar epithelium with different cell types play imperative role by their secretory properties and enrich the luminal microenvironment necessary for achieving spermatozoal motility. During epididymal transit several secretory proteins like P26h, SPAG11, HSPD1 and many others are deposited on spermatozoal surface. At the same time spermatozoal proteins are also modified in this intraluminal milieu, which include cyritestin, fertilin, CE9 and others. Natural and anthropogenic activities disclose various environmental pollutants which affect different physiological systems of animals and human being. Likewise, reproductive system is also being affected. Fluoride causes structural alterations of caput and cauda segments of epididymis. Redox homeostasis and functional integrity are also altered due to diminished activities of SOD1, GR, Crisp2, Lrp2 and other important proteins. On the contrary arsenic affects mostly on cauda segment. Redox imbalance and functional amendment in epididymis have been observed with arsenic revelation as evidenced by altered genomic appearance of SOD, GST, catalase, Ddx3Y, VEGF and VEGFR2. This review is dealt with structure-function interplay in normal epididymal spermatozoal maturation along with subsequent complications developed under fluoride and arsenic toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyankar Pal
- 568916Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sagnik Biswas
- 568916Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Comparison and Characterization of a Cell Wall Invertase Promoter from Cu-Tolerant and Non-Tolerant Populations of Elsholtzia haichowensis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105299. [PMID: 34069912 PMCID: PMC8157609 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell wall invertase (CWIN) activity and the expression of the corresponding gene were previously observed to be significantly elevated in a Cu-tolerant population of Elsholtzia haichowensis relative to a non-tolerant population under copper stress. To understand the differences in CWIN gene regulation between the two populations, their CWIN promoter β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter vectors were constructed. GUS activity was measured in transgenic Arabidopsis in response to copper, sugar, and phytohormone treatments. Under the copper treatment, only the activity of the CWIN promoter from the Cu-tolerant population was slightly increased. Glucose and fructose significantly induced the activity of CWIN promoters from both populations. Among the phytohormone treatments, only salicylic acid induced significantly higher (p < 0.05) activity of the Cu-tolerant CWIN promoter relative to the non-tolerant promoters. Analysis of 5′-deletion constructs revealed that a 270-bp promoter fragment was required for SA induction of the promoter from the Cu-tolerant population. Comparison of this region in the two CWIN promoters revealed that it had 10 mutation sites and contained CAAT-box and W-box cis-elements in the Cu-tolerant promoter only. This work provides insights into the regulatory role of SA in CWIN gene expression and offers an explanation for differences in CWIN expression between E. haichowensis populations.
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Singh D, Yadav R, Kaushik S, Wadhwa N, Kapoor S, Kapoor M. Transcriptome Analysis of ppdnmt2 and Identification of Superoxide Dismutase as a Novel Interactor of DNMT2 in the Moss Physcomitrella patens. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1185. [PMID: 32849734 PMCID: PMC7419982 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
DNMT2 is a DNA/tRNA cytosine methyltransferase that is highly conserved in structure and function in eukaryotes. In plants however, limited information is available on the function of this methyltransferase. We have previously reported that in the moss Physcomitrella patens, DNMT2 plays a crucial role in stress recovery and tRNAAsp transcription/stability under salt stress. To further investigate the role of PpDNMT2 at genome level, in this study we have performed RNA sequencing of ppdnmt2. Transcriptome analysis reveals a number of genes and pathways to function differentially and suggests a close link between PpDNMT2 function and osmotic and ionic stress tolerance. We propose PpDNMT2 to play a pivotal role in regulating salt tolerance by affecting molecular networks involved in stress perception and signal transduction that underlie maintenance of ion homeostasis in cells. We also examined interactome of PpDNMT2 using affinity purification (AP) coupled to mass spectrometry (AP-MS). Quantitative proteomic analysis reveals several chloroplast proteins involved in light reactions and carbon assimilation and proteins involved in stress response and some not implicated in stress to co-immunoprecipitate with PpDNMT2. Comparison between transcriptome and interactome datasets has revealed novel association between PpDNMT2 activity and the antioxidant enzyme Superoxide dismutase (SOD), protein turnover mediated by the Ubiquitin-proteasome system and epigenetic gene regulation. PpDNMT2 possibly exists in complex with CuZn-SODs in vivo and the two proteins also directly interact in the yeast nucleus as observed by yeast two-hybrid assay. Taken together, the work presented in this study sheds light on diverse roles of PpDNMT2 in maintaining molecular and physiological homeostasis in P. patens. This is a first report describing transcriptome and interactome of DNMT2 in any land plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshika Singh
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, India
| | - Radha Yadav
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, India
| | - Shubham Kaushik
- Vproteomics, Valerian Chem Private Limited Green Park Mains, New Delhi, India
| | - Nikita Wadhwa
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay Kapoor
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Meenu Kapoor
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Meenu Kapoor,
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Lu S. De novo origination of MIRNAs through generation of short inverted repeats in target genes. RNA Biol 2019; 16:846-859. [PMID: 30870071 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2019.1593744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
MIRNA (MIR) gene origin and early evolutionary processes, such as hairpin precursor sequence origination, promoter activity acquirement and the sequence of these two processes, are fundamental and fascinating subjects. Three models, including inverted gene duplication, spontaneous evolution and transposon transposition, have been proposed for de novo origination of hairpin precursor sequence. However, these models still open to discussion. In addition, de novo origination of MIR gene promoters has not been well investigated. Here, I systematically investigated the origin of evolutionarily young polyphenol oxidase gene (PPO)-targeting MIRs, including MIR1444, MIR058 and MIR12112, and a genomic region termed AasPPO-as-hp, which contained a hairpin-forming sequence. I found that MIR058 precursors and the hairpin-forming sequence of AasPPO-as-hp originated in an ancient PPO gene through forming short inverted repeats. Palindromic-like sequences and imperfect inverted repeats in the ancient PPO gene contributed to initiate the generation of short inverted repeats probably by causing errors during DNA duplication. Analysis of MIR058 and AasPPO-as-hp promoters showed that they originated in the 3'-flanking region of the ancient PPO gene. Promoter activities were gained by insertion of a CAAT-box and multiple-copper-response element (CuRE)-containing miniature inverted-repeat transposable element (MITE) in the upstream of AT-rich TATA-box-like sequence. Gain of promoter activities occurred before hairpin-forming sequence origination. Sequence comparison of MIR1444, MIR058 and MIR12112 promoters showed frequent birth and death of CuREs, indicating copper could be vital for the origination and evolution of PPO-targeting MIRs. Based on the evidence obtained, a novel model for plant MIR origination and evolution is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanfa Lu
- a Institute of Medicinal Plant Development , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
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Wang W, Liu D, Chen D, Cheng Y, Zhang X, Song L, Hu M, Dong J, Shen F. MicroRNA414c affects salt tolerance of cotton by regulating reactive oxygen species metabolism under salinity stress. RNA Biol 2019; 16:362-375. [PMID: 30676211 PMCID: PMC6380294 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2019.1574163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Salinity stress is a major abiotic stress affecting the productivity and fiber quality of cotton. Although reactive oxygen species (ROS) play critical roles in plant stress responses, their complex molecular regulatory mechanism under salinity stress is largely unknown in cotton, especially microRNA (miRNA)-mediated regulation of superoxide dismutase gene expression. Here, we report that a cotton iron superoxide dismutase gene GhFSD1 and the cotton miRNA ghr-miR414c work together in response to salinity stress. The miRNA ghr-miR414c targets the coding sequence region of GhFSD1, inhibiting expression of transcripts of this antioxidase gene, which represents the first line of defense against stress-induced ROS. Expression of GhFSD1 was induced by salinity stress. Under salinity stress, ghr-miR414c showed expression patterns opposite to those of GhFSD1. Ectopic expression of GhFSD1 in Arabidopsis conferred salinity stress tolerance by improving primary root growth and biomass, whereas Arabidopsis constitutively expressing ghr-miR414c showed hypersensitivity to salinity stress. Silencing GhFSD1 in cotton caused an excessive hypersensitive phenotype to salinity stress, whereas overexpressing miR414c decreased the expression of GhFSD1 and increased sensitivity to salinity stress, yielding a phenotype similar to that of GhFSD1-silenced cotton. Taken together, our results demonstrated that ghr-miR414c was involved in regulation of plant response to salinity stress by targeting GhFSD1 transcripts. This study provides a new strategy and method for plant breeding in order to improve plant salinity tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingying Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaopei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lirong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengjiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fafu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
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Zeng RF, Zhou JJ, Liu SR, Gan ZM, Zhang JZ, Hu CG. Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of SQUAMOSA-Promoter-Binding Protein (SBP) Genes Involved in the Flowering Development of Citrus Clementina. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9020066. [PMID: 30769909 PMCID: PMC6407117 DOI: 10.3390/biom9020066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
SQUAMOSA-promoter binding protein (SBP)-box genes encode a family of plant-specific transcription factors that play vital roles in plant growth and development. In this study, 15 SBP-box genes were identified and isolated from Citrus clementina (CclSBPs), where 10 of these genes were predicted to be putative targets of Citrus clementina microRNA156 (CclmiR156). The 15 CclSBP genes could be classified into six groups based on phylogenetic analysis, diverse intron–exon structure, and motif prediction, similar to the SQUAMOSA promoter binding protein-like (SPL) gene family of Populus trichocarpa and Arabidopsis thaliana. Furthermore, CclSBPs classified into a group/subgroup have similar gene structures and conserved motifs, implying their functional redundancy. Tissue-specific expression analysis of CclSBPs demonstrated their diversified expression patterns. To further explore the potential role of CclSBPs during floral inductive water deficits, the dynamic changes of the 15 CclSBPs were investigated during floral inductive water deficits, and the results showed that some CclSBPs were associated with floral induction. Among these genes, CclSBP6 was not homologous to the Arabidopsis SBP-box gene family, and CclSBP7 was regulated by being alternatively spliced. Therefore, CclSBP6 and CclSBP7 were genetically transformed in Arabidopsis. Overexpression of the two genes changed the flowering time of Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Fang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Jing-Jing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Sheng-Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230000, China.
| | - Zhi-Meng Gan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Jin-Zhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Chun-Gen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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13
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Sun Z, Li S, Guo Z, Li R, Wang J, Niu R, Wang J. Effects of Fluoride on SOD and CAT in Testis and Epididymis of Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 184:148-153. [PMID: 28990137 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1181-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative damage has been implicated to be one of main mechanisms by which fluoride (F) induces toxic effects. Previous studies reported that F destroyed the epididymal structure of mouse and rabbit. Epididymis is the important place for sperm maturation. However, little is known about the effect of F on the oxidative stress status of epididymis. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to explore the changes in the activities and transcriptional levels of CuZn superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD, SOD1) and catalase (CAT), as well as the ultrastructure, in testis and epididymis of mice administrated with F. Sixty health Kunming mice were randomly divided into four groups. With one group untreated as controls, the others were treated with 25, 50, and 100 mg NaF/L in drinking water. After 10 weeks administration, mitochondrial ultrastructural changes in testis and epididymis were observed, including the incomplete membrane and the dissolved or disappeared cristae. Compared to the control group, the activities of both SOD1 and CAT in testis and epididymis were significantly reduced by 50 or 100 mg NaF exposure. In addition, the mRNA expressions of testicular SOD1 and CAT were also decreased significantly in 100 mg NaF/L group, while the SOD1 and CAT mRNA expressions in epididymides were significantly reduced in all F treatment groups. The above results suggest that in the presence of F, similar to testis, epididymis also loses the balance between oxidative stress and antioxidative defense, and perhaps more sensitive to F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China.
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Taigu, Shanxi, China.
| | - Sujuan Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhenzhen Guo
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Rui Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Jixiang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Ruiyan Niu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Jundong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Taigu, Shanxi, China
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14
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Zhou Q, Zhang S, Chen F, Liu B, Wu L, Li F, Zhang J, Bao M, Liu G. Genome-wide identification and characterization of the SBP-box gene family in Petunia. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:193. [PMID: 29703141 PMCID: PMC6389188 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4537-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN (SBP)-box genes encode a family of plant-specific transcription factors (TFs) that play important roles in many growth and development processes including phase transition, leaf initiation, shoot and inflorescence branching, fruit development and ripening etc. The SBP-box gene family has been identified and characterized in many species, but has not been well studied in Petunia, an important ornamental genus. Results We identified 21 putative SPL genes of Petunia axillaris and P. inflata from the reference genome of P. axillaris N and P. inflata S6, respectively, which were supported by the transcriptome data. For further confirmation, all the 21 genes were also cloned from P. hybrida line W115 (Mitchel diploid). Phylogenetic analysis based on the highly conserved SBP domains arranged PhSPLs in eight groups, analogous to those from Arabidopsis and tomato. Furthermore, the Petunia SPL genes had similar exon-intron structure and the deduced proteins contained very similar conserved motifs within the same subgroup. Out of 21 PhSPL genes, fourteen were predicted to be potential targets of PhmiR156/157, and the putative miR156/157 response elements (MREs) were located in the coding region of group IV, V, VII and VIII genes, but in the 3’-UTR regions of group VI genes. SPL genes were also identified from another two wild Petunia species, P. integrifolia and P. exserta, based on their transcriptome databases to investigate the origin of PhSPLs. Phylogenetic analysis and multiple alignments of the coding sequences of PhSPLs and their orthologs from wild species indicated that PhSPLs were originated mainly from P. axillaris. qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated differential spatiotemperal expression patterns of PhSPL genes in petunia and many were expressed predominantly in the axillary buds and/or inflorescences. In addition, overexpression of PhSPL9a and PhSPL9b in Arabidopsis suggested that these genes play a conserved role in promoting the vegetative-to-reproductive phase transition. Conclusion Petunia genome contains at least 21 SPL genes, and most of the genes are expressed in different tissues. The PhSPL genes may play conserved and diverse roles in plant growth and development, including flowering regulation, leaf initiation, axillary bud and inflorescence development. This work provides a comprehensive understanding of the SBP-box gene family in Petunia and lays a significant foundation for future studies on the function and evolution of SPL genes in petunia. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4537-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture; College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street No. 1, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Sisi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture; College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street No. 1, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Wuhan Institute of Landscape Architecture, Peace Avenue No. 1240, Wuhan, 430081, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture; College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street No. 1, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Baojun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture; College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street No. 1, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture; College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street No. 1, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture; College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street No. 1, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture; College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street No. 1, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Manzhu Bao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture; College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street No. 1, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Guofeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture; College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street No. 1, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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15
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Gravina F, Dobrzanski T, Olchanheski LR, Galvão CW, Reche PM, Pileggi SA, Azevedo RA, Sadowsky MJ, Pileggi M. Metabolic Interference of sod gene mutations on catalase activity in Escherichia coli exposed to Gramoxone® (paraquat) herbicide. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 139:89-96. [PMID: 28113116 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Herbicides are continuously used to minimize the loss of crop productivity in agricultural environments. They can, however, cause damage by inhibiting the growth of microbiota via oxidative stress, due to the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Cellular responses to ROS involve the action of enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). The objective of this study was to evaluate adaptive responses in Escherichia coli K-12 to paraquat, the active ingredient in the herbicide Gramoxone®. Mutant bacterial strains carrying deletions in genes encoding Mn-SOD (sodA) and Fe-SOD (sodB) were used and resulted in distinct levels of hydrogen peroxide production, interference in malondialdehyde, and viability. Mutations also resulted in different levels of interference with the activity of CAT isoenzymes and in the inactivation of Cu/Zn-SOD activity. These mutations may be responsible for metabolic differences among the evaluated strains, resulting in different patterns of antioxidative responses, depending on mutation background. While damage to the ΔsodB strain was minor at late log phase, the reverse was true at mid log phase for the ΔsodA strain. These results demonstrate the important role of these genes in defense against oxidative stress in different periods of growth. Furthermore, the lack of Cu/Zn-SOD activity in both mutant strains indicated that common metal cofactors likely interfere in SOD activity regulation. These results also indicate that E. coli K-12, a classical non-environmental strain, constitutes a model of phenotypic plasticity for adaptation to a redox-cycling herbicide through redundancy of different isoforms of SOD and CAT enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Gravina
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Campus Universitário de Uvaranas, Av. Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Dobrzanski
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Campus Universitário de Uvaranas, Av. Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Luiz R Olchanheski
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina W Galvão
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Campus Universitário de Uvaranas, Av. Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Péricles M Reche
- Departamento de Enfermagem e Saúde Pública, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Campus Universitário de Uvaranas, Av. Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Sonia A Pileggi
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Campus Universitário de Uvaranas, Av. Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ricardo A Azevedo
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, 13418-900 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michael J Sadowsky
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, and The BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Marcos Pileggi
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Campus Universitário de Uvaranas, Av. Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil.
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16
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Wang W, Xia MX, Chen J, Yuan R, Deng FN, Shen FF. Gene Expression Characteristics and Regulation Mechanisms of Superoxide Dismutase and Its Physiological Roles in Plants under Stress. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 81:465-80. [PMID: 27297897 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297916050047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are key enzymes functioning as the first line of antioxidant defense by virtue of the ability to convert highly reactive superoxide radicals to hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen. SOD plays a central role in protecting plants against the toxic effects of reactive oxygen species generated during normal cellular metabolic activity or as a result of various environmental stresses. Our review focuses on the characteristics of expression of SOD genes, the mechanisms regulating expression of SOD genes at transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and translation levels, and their functional role(s) during development and in response to biotic or abiotic stresses. We propose two important research directions: studying SOD at the genome-wide or proteome-wide level, and improving plant stress tolerances by selecting varieties using transgenic technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
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17
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Singh V, Weksler A, Friedman H. Different Preclimacteric Events in Apple Cultivars with Modified Ripening Physiology. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1502. [PMID: 28928755 PMCID: PMC5591845 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
"Anna" is an early season apple cultivar exhibiting a fast softening and juiciness loss during storage, in comparison to two mid-late season cultivars "Galaxy" and "GD." The poor storage capacity of "Anna" was correlated with high lipid oxidation-related autoluminescence, high respiration and ethylene production rates, associated with high expression of MdACO1, 2, 4, 7, and MdACS1. All cultivars at harvest responded to exogenous ethylene by enhancing ethylene production, typical of system-II. The contribution of pre-climacteric events to the poor storage capacity of "Anna" was examined by comparing respiration and ethylene production rates, response to exogenous ethylene, expression of genes responsible for ethylene biosynthesis and response, and developmental regulators in the three cultivars throughout fruit development. In contrast to the "Galaxy" and "GD," "Anna" showed higher ethylene production and respiration rates during fruit development, and exhibited auto-stimulatory (system II-like) effect in response to exogenous ethylene. The higher ethylene production rate in "Anna" was correlated with higher expression of ethylene biosynthesis genes, MdACS3a MdACO2, 4, and 7 during early fruit development. The expression of negative regulators of ripening (AP2/ERF) and ethylene response pathway, (MdETR1,2 and MdCTR1) was lower in "Anna" in comparison to the other two cultivars throughout development and ripening. Similar pattern of gene expression was found for SQUAMOSA promoter binding protein (SBP)-box genes, including MdCNR and for MdFUL. Taken together, this study provides new understanding on pre-climacteric events in "Anna" that might affect its ripening behavior and physiology following storage.
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18
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Wang FZ, Chen MX, Yu LJ, Xie LJ, Yuan LB, Qi H, Xiao M, Guo W, Chen Z, Yi K, Zhang J, Qiu R, Shu W, Xiao S, Chen QF. OsARM1, an R2R3 MYB Transcription Factor, Is Involved in Regulation of the Response to Arsenic Stress in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1868. [PMID: 29163593 PMCID: PMC5670359 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Bioaccumulation of arsenic (As) in rice (Oryza sativa) increases human exposure to this toxic, carcinogenic element. Recent studies identified several As transporters, but the regulation of these transporters remains unclear. Here, we show that the rice R2R3 MYB transcription factor OsARM1 (ARSENITE-RESPONSIVE MYB1) regulates As-associated transporters genes. Treatment with As(III) induced OsARM1 transcript accumulation and an OsARM1-GFP fusion localized to the nucleus. Histochemical analysis of OsARM1pro::GUS lines indicated that OsARM1 was expressed in the phloem of vascular bundles in basal and upper nodes. Knockout of OsARM1 (OsARM1-KO CRISPR/Cas9-generated mutants) improved tolerance to As(III) and overexpression of OsARM1 (OsARM1-OE lines) increased sensitivity to As(III). Measurement of As in As(III)-treated plants showed that under low As(III) conditions (2 μM), more As was transported from the roots to the shoots in OsARM1-KOs. By contrast, more As accumulated in the roots in OsARM1-OEs in response to high As(III) exposure (25 μM). In particular, the As(III) levels in node I were significantly higher in OsARM1-KOs, but significantly lower in OsARM1-OEs, compared to wild-type plants, implying that OsARM1 is important for the regulation of root-to-shoot translocation of As. Moreover, OsLsi1, OsLsi2, and OsLsi6, which encode key As transporters, were significantly downregulated in OsARM1-OEs and upregulated in OsARM1-KOs compared to wild type. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR of OsARM1-OEs indicated that OsARM1 binds to the conserved MYB-binding sites in the promoters or genomic regions of OsLsi1, OsLsi2, and OsLsi6 in rice. Our findings suggest that the OsARM1 transcription factor has essential functions in regulating As uptake and root-to-shoot translocation in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Zhu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mo-Xian Chen
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lu-Jun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Juan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Bing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wuxiu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Keke Yi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Rongliang Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wensheng Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin-Fang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qin-Fang Chen
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19
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Leng X, Jia H, Sun X, Shangguan L, Mu Q, Wang B, Fang J. Comparative transcriptome analysis of grapevine in response to copper stress. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17749. [PMID: 26673527 PMCID: PMC4682189 DOI: 10.1038/srep17749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Grapevine is one of the most economically important and widely cultivated fruit crop worldwide. With the industrialization and the popular application of cupric fungicides in grape industry, copper stress and copper pollution are also the factors affecting grape production and berry and wine quality. Here, 3,843 transcripts were significantly differently expressed genes in response to Cu stress by RNA-seq, which included 1,892 up-regulated and 1,951 down-regulated transcripts. During this study we found many known and novel Cu-induced and -repressed genes. Biological analysis of grape samples were indicated that exogenous Cu can influence chlorophylls metabolism and photosynthetic activities of grapevine. Most ROS detoxification systems, including antioxidant enzyme, stress-related proteins and secondary metabolites were strongly induced. Concomitantly, abscisic acid functioned as a negative regulator in Cu stress, in opposite action to ethylene, auxin, jasmonic acid, and brassinolide. This study also identified a set of Cu stress specifically activated genes coding copper transporter, P1B-type ATPase, multidrug transporters. Overall, this work was carried out to gain insights into the copper-regulated and stress-responsive mechanisms in grapevine at transcriptome level. This research can also provide some genetic information that can help us in better vinery management and breeding Cu-resistant grape cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangpeng Leng
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Tongwei Road 6, Nanjing 210095, PR. China
| | - Haifeng Jia
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Tongwei Road 6, Nanjing 210095, PR. China
| | - Xin Sun
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Tongwei Road 6, Nanjing 210095, PR. China
| | - Lingfei Shangguan
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Tongwei Road 6, Nanjing 210095, PR. China
| | - Qian Mu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Tongwei Road 6, Nanjing 210095, PR. China
| | - Baoju Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Tongwei Road 6, Nanjing 210095, PR. China
| | - Jinggui Fang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Tongwei Road 6, Nanjing 210095, PR. China
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20
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Zhao Y, Lin S, Qiu Z, Cao D, Wen J, Deng X, Wang X, Lin J, Li X. MicroRNA857 Is Involved in the Regulation of Secondary Growth of Vascular Tissues in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 169:2539-52. [PMID: 26511915 PMCID: PMC4677895 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small RNAs that repress target gene expression posttranscriptionally, and are critically involved in various developmental processes and responses to environmental stresses in eukaryotes. MiRNA857 is not widely distributed in plants and is encoded by a single gene, AtMIR857, in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The functions of miR857 and its mechanisms in regulating plant growth and development are still unclear. Here, by means of genetic analysis coupled with cytological studies, we investigated the expression pattern and regulation mechanism of miR857 and its biological functions in Arabidopsis development. We found that miR857 regulates its target gene, Arabidopsis LACCASE7, at the transcriptional level, thereby reducing laccase activity. Using stimulated Raman scattering and x-ray microtomography three-dimensional analyses, we showed that miR857 was involved in the regulation of lignin content and consequently morphogenesis of the secondary xylem. In addition, miR857 was activated by SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE7 in response to low copper conditions. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the role of miR857 in the regulation of secondary growth of vascular tissues in Arabidopsis and reveal a unique control mechanism for secondary growth based on the miR857 expression in response to copper deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Genetics and Breeding of Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology (Y.Z., D.C., J.L., X.L.), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry (J.W.), Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China (S.L., Z.Q., X.D., X.W.); andUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (S.L.)
| | - Sen Lin
- Key Laboratory for Genetics and Breeding of Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology (Y.Z., D.C., J.L., X.L.), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry (J.W.), Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China (S.L., Z.Q., X.D., X.W.); andUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (S.L.)
| | - Zongbo Qiu
- Key Laboratory for Genetics and Breeding of Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology (Y.Z., D.C., J.L., X.L.), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry (J.W.), Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China (S.L., Z.Q., X.D., X.W.); andUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (S.L.)
| | - Dechang Cao
- Key Laboratory for Genetics and Breeding of Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology (Y.Z., D.C., J.L., X.L.), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry (J.W.), Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China (S.L., Z.Q., X.D., X.W.); andUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (S.L.)
| | - Jialong Wen
- Key Laboratory for Genetics and Breeding of Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology (Y.Z., D.C., J.L., X.L.), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry (J.W.), Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China (S.L., Z.Q., X.D., X.W.); andUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (S.L.)
| | - Xin Deng
- Key Laboratory for Genetics and Breeding of Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology (Y.Z., D.C., J.L., X.L.), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry (J.W.), Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China (S.L., Z.Q., X.D., X.W.); andUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (S.L.)
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Key Laboratory for Genetics and Breeding of Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology (Y.Z., D.C., J.L., X.L.), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry (J.W.), Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China (S.L., Z.Q., X.D., X.W.); andUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (S.L.)
| | - Jinxing Lin
- Key Laboratory for Genetics and Breeding of Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology (Y.Z., D.C., J.L., X.L.), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry (J.W.), Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China (S.L., Z.Q., X.D., X.W.); andUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (S.L.)
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Key Laboratory for Genetics and Breeding of Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology (Y.Z., D.C., J.L., X.L.), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry (J.W.), Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China (S.L., Z.Q., X.D., X.W.); andUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (S.L.)
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21
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Zhang SD, Ling LZ, Yi TS. Evolution and divergence of SBP-box genes in land plants. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:787. [PMID: 26467431 PMCID: PMC4606839 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1998-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Squamosa promoter binding protein (SBP)-box family genes encode plant-specific transcription factors that control many important biological functions, including phase transition, inflorescence branching, fruit ripening, and copper homeostasis. Nevertheless, the evolutionary patterns of SBP-box genes and evolutionary forces driving them are still not well understood. Methods 104 SBP-box gene candidates of five representative land plants were obtained from Phytozome database (v10.3). Phylogenetic combined with gene structure analyses were used to identify SBP-box gene lineages in land plants. Gene copy number and the sequence and structure features were then compared among these different SBP-box lineages. Selection analysis, relative rate tests and expression divergence were finally used to interpret the evolutionary relationships and divergence of SBP-box genes in land plants. Results We investigated 104 SBP-box genes from moss, Arabidopsis, poplar, rice, and maize. These genes are divided into group I and II, and the latter is further divided into two subgroups (subgroup II-1 and II-2) based on phylogenetic analysis. Interestingly, subgroup II-1 genes have similar sequence and structural features to group I genes, whereas subgroup II-2 genes exhibit intrinsic differences on these features, including high copy numbers and the presence of miR156/miR529 regulation. Further analyses indicate that subgroup II-1 genes are constrained by stronger purifying selection and evolve at a lower substitution rate than II-2 genes, just as group I genes do when compared to II genes. Among subgroup II-2 genes, miR156 targets evolve more rapidly than miR529 targets and experience comparatively relaxed purifying selection. These results suggest that group I and subgroup II-1 genes under strong selective constraint are conserved. By contrast, subgroup II-2 genes evolve under relaxed purifying selection and have diversified through gene copy duplications and changes in miR156/529 regulation, which might contribute to morphological diversifications of land plants. Conclusions Our results indicate that different evolutionary rates and selection strengths lead to differing evolutionary patterns in SBP-box genes in land plants, providing a guide for future functional diversity analyses of these genes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1998-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Dong Zhang
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
| | - Li-Zhen Ling
- BGI-Yunnan, BGI-Shenzhen, Kunming, 650106, China.
| | - Ting-Shuang Yi
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
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22
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Wang H, Wang H. The miR156/SPL Module, a Regulatory Hub and Versatile Toolbox, Gears up Crops for Enhanced Agronomic Traits. MOLECULAR PLANT 2015; 8:677-88. [PMID: 25617719 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In the past two decades, members of the SQUAMOSA-PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL) family of transcription factors, first identified in Antirrhinum majus, have emerged as pivotal regulators of diverse biological processes in plants, including the timing of vegetative and reproductive phase change, leaf development, tillering/branching, plastochron, panicle/tassel architecture, fruit ripening, fertility, and response to stresses. Transcripts of a subset of SPLs are targeted for cleavage and/or translational repression by microRNA156s (miR156s). The levels of miR156s are regulated by both endogenous developmental cues and various external stimuli. Accumulating evidence shows that the regulatory circuit around the miR156/SPL module is highly conserved among phylogenetically distinct plant species, and plays important roles in regulating plant fitness, biomass, and yield. With the expanding knowledge and a mechanistic understanding of their roles and regulatory relationship, we can now harness the miR156/SPL module as a plethora of tools to genetically manipulate crops for optimal parameters in growth and development, and ultimately to maximize yield by intelligent design of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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23
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Higashi Y, Takechi K, Takano H, Takio S. Maintenance of Normal Stress Tolerance in the Moss Physcomitrella patens Lacking Chloroplastic CuZn-Superoxide Dismutase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2015.65064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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24
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Zhang H, Zhao X, Li J, Cai H, Deng XW, Li L. MicroRNA408 is critical for the HY5-SPL7 gene network that mediates the coordinated response to light and copper. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:4933-53. [PMID: 25516599 PMCID: PMC4311192 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.127340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Light and copper are important environmental determinants of plant growth and development. Despite the wealth of knowledge on both light and copper signaling, the molecular mechanisms that integrate the two pathways remain poorly understood. Here, we use Arabidopsis thaliana to demonstrate an interaction between SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE7 (SPL7) and ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5), which mediate copper and light signaling, respectively. Through whole-genome chromatin immunoprecipitation and RNA sequencing analyses, we elucidated the SPL7 regulon and compared it with that of HY5. We found that the two transcription factors coregulate many genes, including those involved in anthocyanin accumulation and photosynthesis. Moreover, SPL7 and HY5 act coordinately to transcriptionally regulate MIR408, which results in differential expression of microRNA408 (miR408) and its target genes in response to changing light and copper conditions. We demonstrate that this regulation is tied to copper allocation to the chloroplast and plastocyanin levels. Finally, we found that constitutively activated miR408 rescues the distinct developmental defects of the hy5, spl7, and hy5 spl7 mutants. These findings revealed the existence of crosstalk between light and copper, mediated by a HY5-SPL7 network. Furthermore, integration of transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation is critical for governing proper metabolism and development in response to combined copper and light signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904 College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904
| | - Jigang Li
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520 State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huaqing Cai
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Xing Wang Deng
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904
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25
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Jorgensen SA, Preston JC. Differential SPL gene expression patterns reveal candidate genes underlying flowering time and architectural differences in Mimulus and Arabidopsis. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2014; 73:129-39. [PMID: 24508602 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Evolutionary transitions in growth habit and flowering time responses to variable environmental signals have occurred multiple times independently across angiosperms and have major impacts on plant fitness. Proteins in the SPL family of transcription factors collectively regulate flowering time genes that have been implicated in interspecific shifts in annuality/perenniality. However, their potential importance in the evolution of angiosperm growth habit has not been extensively investigated. Here we identify orthologs representative of the major SPL gene clades in annual Arabidopsis thaliana and Mimulus guttatus IM767, and perennial A. lyrata and M. guttatus PR, and characterize their expression. Spatio-temporal expression patterns are complex across both diverse tissues of the same taxa and comparable tissues of different taxa, consistent with genic sub- or neo-functionalization. However, our data are consistent with a general role for several SPL genes in the promotion of juvenile to adult phase change and/or flowering time in Mimulus and Arabidopsis. Furthermore, several candidate genes were identified for future study whose differential expression correlates with growth habit and architectural variation in annual versus perennial taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy A Jorgensen
- Department of Plant Biology, The University of Vermont, 63 Carrigan Drive, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Jill C Preston
- Department of Plant Biology, The University of Vermont, 63 Carrigan Drive, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
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26
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Zhang T, Zhao X, Wang W, Huang L, Liu X, Zong Y, Zhu L, Yang D, Fu B, Li Z. Deep transcriptome sequencing of rhizome and aerial-shoot in Sorghum propinquum. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 84:315-27. [PMID: 24104862 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-013-0135-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptomic data for Sorghum propinquum, the wild-type sorghum, are limited in public databases. S. propinquum has a subterranean rhizome and transcriptome data will help in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying rhizome formation. We sequenced the transcriptome of S. propinquum aerial-shoot and rhizome using an Illumina platform. More than 70 % of the genes in the S. propinquum genome were expressed in aerial-shoot and rhizome. The expression patterns of 1963 and 599 genes, including transcription factors, were specific or enriched in aerial-shoot and rhizome respectively, indicating their possible roles in physiological processes in these tissues. Comparative analysis revealed several cis-elements, ACGT box, GCCAC, GATC and TGACG box, which showed significantly higher abundance in aerial-shoot-specific genes. In rhizome-specific genes MYB and ROOTMOTIFTAPOX1 motifs, and 10 promoter and cytokinin-responsive elements were highly enriched. Of the S. propinquum genes, 27.9 % were identified as alternatively spliced and about 60 % of the alternative splicing (AS) events were tissue-specific, suggesting that AS played a crucial role in determining tissue-specific cellular function. The transcriptome data, especially the co-localized rhizome-enriched expressed transcripts that mapped to the publicly available rhizome-related quantitative trait loci, will contribute to gene discovery in S. propinquum and to functional studies of the sorghum genome. Deep transcriptome sequencing revealed a clear difference in the expression patterns of genes between aerial-shoot and rhizome in S. propinquum. This data set provides essential information for future studies into the molecular genetic mechanisms involved in rhizome formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 South Zhong-Guan-Cun St., Beijing, 100081, China
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27
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Higashi Y, Takechi K, Takano H, Takio S. Involvement of MicroRNA in Copper Deficiency-Induced Repression of Chloroplastic CuZn-Superoxide Dismutase Genes in the Moss Physcomitrella patens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 54:1345-55. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pct084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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28
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Preston JC, Hileman LC. Functional Evolution in the Plant SQUAMOSA-PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL) Gene Family. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:80. [PMID: 23577017 PMCID: PMC3617394 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The SQUAMOSA-PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL) family of transcription factors is functionally diverse, controlling a number of fundamental aspects of plant growth and development, including vegetative phase change, flowering time, branching, and leaf initiation rate. In natural plant populations, variation in flowering time and shoot architecture have major consequences for fitness. Likewise, in crop species, variation in branching and developmental rate impact biomass and yield. Thus, studies aimed at dissecting how the various functions are partitioned among different SPL genes in diverse plant lineages are key to providing insight into the genetic basis of local adaptation and have already garnered attention by crop breeders. Here we use phylogenetic reconstruction to reveal nine major SPL gene lineages, each of which is described in terms of function and diversification. To assess evidence for ancestral and derived functions within each SPL gene lineage, we use ancestral character state reconstructions. Our analyses suggest an emerging pattern of sub-functionalization, neo-functionalization, and possible convergent evolution following both ancient and recent gene duplication. Based on these analyses we suggest future avenues of research that may prove fruitful for elucidating the importance of SPL gene evolution in plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lena C. Hileman
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of KansasLawrence, KS, USA
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29
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Zhang H, Li L. SQUAMOSA promoter binding protein-like7 regulated microRNA408 is required for vegetative development in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 74:98-109. [PMID: 23289771 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small RNAs repressing target gene expression post-transcriptionally and are critically involved in various development processes and responses to environmental stresses. MiR408 is highly conserved in land plants and targets several transcripts encoding copper proteins. Although it has been well documented that expression level of miR408 is strongly influenced by a variety of environmental conditions including copper availability, the biological function of this miRNA is still unknown. Here we show that constitutive expression of miR408 results in enhanced growth of seedling and adult plant while knocking down miR408 level by T-DNA insertions or the artificial miRNA technique causes impaired growth. Further, we found that constitutively activated miR408 is able to complement the growth defects of the T-DNA lines. Regarding the molecular mechanism governing miR408 expression, we found that the transcription factors SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE7 (SPL7) binds to the GTAC motifs in the MIR408 promoter in response to copper deficiency. Interestingly, constitutive activation of miR408 in the spl7 background could partially rescue the severe growth defects of the mutant. Together these results demonstrate that miR408 is a powerful modulator of vegetative growth. Our finding thus reveals a novel control mechanism for vegetative development based on calculated miR408 expression in response to environmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyong Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
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30
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Lin YF, Aarts MGM. The molecular mechanism of zinc and cadmium stress response in plants. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:3187-206. [PMID: 22903262 PMCID: PMC11114967 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1089-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
When plants are subjected to high metal exposure, different plant species take different strategies in response to metal-induced stress. Largely, plants can be distinguished in four groups: metal-sensitive species, metal-resistant excluder species, metal-tolerant non-hyperaccumulator species, and metal-hypertolerant hyperaccumulator species, each having different molecular mechanisms to accomplish their resistance/tolerance to metal stress or reduce the negative consequences of metal toxicity. Plant responses to heavy metals are molecularly regulated in a process called metal homeostasis, which also includes regulation of the metal-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling pathway. ROS generation and signaling plays an important duel role in heavy metal detoxification and tolerance. In this review, we will compare the different molecular mechanisms of nutritional (Zn) and non-nutritional (Cd) metal homeostasis between metal-sensitive and metal-adapted species. We will also include the role of metal-induced ROS signal transduction in this comparison, with the aim to provide a comprehensive overview on how plants cope with Zn/Cd stress at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Fen Lin
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, The Netherlands.
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31
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Ou-yang C, Cai F, Gao S, Niu B, Wang S, Chen F. Cloning, overexpression, purification, and characterization of a new iron superoxide dismutase fromJatropha curcas. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2012; 59:338-45. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ou-yang
- College of Life Sciences; Sichuan University; Chengdu; People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Cai
- College of Life Sciences; Sichuan University; Chengdu; People's Republic of China
| | - Shun Gao
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology; Chung-Yuan Christian University; Chungli; Taiwan
| | - Bei Niu
- Medical and Nursing College; Chengdu University; Chengdu; People's Republic of China
| | - Shenghua Wang
- College of Life Sciences; Sichuan University; Chengdu; People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Chen
- College of Life Sciences; Sichuan University; Chengdu; People's Republic of China
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32
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Lu S, Yang C, Chiang VL. Conservation and diversity of microRNA-associated copper-regulatory networks in Populus trichocarpa. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 53:879-91. [PMID: 22013976 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2011.01080.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plants develop important regulatory networks to adapt to the frequently-changing availability of copper (Cu). However, little is known about miRNA-associated Cu-regulatory networks in plant species other than Arabidopsis. Here, we report that Cu-responsive miRNAs in Populus trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray) include not only conserved miR397, miR398 and miR408, but also Populus-specific miR1444, suggesting the conservation and diversity of Cu-responsive miRNAs in plants. Copper-associated suppression of mature miRNAs is in company with the up-regulation of their target genes encoding Cu-containing proteins in Populus. The targets include miR397-targeted PtLAC5, PtLAC6 and PtLAC110a, miR398-targeted PtCSD1, PtCSD2a and PtCSD2b, miR408-targeted PtPCL1, PtPCL2, PtPCL3 and PtLAC4, and miR1444-targeted PtPPO3 and PtPPO6. Consistently, P. trichocarpa miR408 promoter-directed GUS gene expression is down-regulated by Cu in transgenic tobacco plants. Cu-response elements (CuREs) are found in the promoters of Cu-responsive miRNA genes. We identified 34 SQUAMOSA-promoter binding protein-like (SPL) genes, of which 17 are full-length PtSPL proteins or partial sequences with at least 300 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that PtSPL3 and PtSPL4 are CuRE-binding proteins controlling Cu-responsive gene expression. Cu appears to be not involved in the regulation of these transcription factors because neither PtSPL3 nor PtSPL4 is Cu-regulated and no CuRE exists in their promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanfa Lu
- Medicinal Plant Cultivation Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
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33
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Cuypers A, Smeets K, Ruytinx J, Opdenakker K, Keunen E, Remans T, Horemans N, Vanhoudt N, Van Sanden S, Van Belleghem F, Guisez Y, Colpaert J, Vangronsveld J. The cellular redox state as a modulator in cadmium and copper responses in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 168:309-16. [PMID: 20828869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2010.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Revised: 07/20/2010] [Accepted: 07/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The cellular redox state is an important determinant of metal phytotoxicity. In this study we investigated the influence of cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) stress on the cellular redox balance in relation to oxidative signalling and damage in Arabidopsis thaliana. Both metals were easily taken up by the roots, but the translocation to the aboveground parts was restricted to Cd stress. In the roots, Cu directly induced an oxidative burst, whereas enzymatic ROS (reactive oxygen species) production via NADPH oxidases seems important in oxidative stress caused by Cd. Furthermore, in the roots, the glutathione metabolism plays a crucial role in controlling the gene regulation of the antioxidative defence mechanism under Cd stress. Metal-specific alterations were also noticed with regard to the microRNA regulation of CuZnSOD gene expression in both roots and leaves. The appearance of lipid peroxidation is dual: it can be an indication of oxidative damage as well as an indication of oxidative signalling as lipoxygenases are induced after metal exposure and are initial enzymes in oxylipin biosynthesis. In conclusion, the metal-induced cellular redox imbalance is strongly dependent on the chemical properties of the metal and the plant organ considered. The stress intensity determines its involvement in downstream responses in relation to oxidative damage or signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Cuypers
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Environmental Biology, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
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Sommer F, Kropat J, Malasarn D, Grossoehme NE, Chen X, Giedroc DP, Merchant SS. The CRR1 nutritional copper sensor in Chlamydomonas contains two distinct metal-responsive domains. THE PLANT CELL 2010; 22:4098-113. [PMID: 21131558 PMCID: PMC3027176 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.110.080069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2010] [Revised: 10/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Copper response regulator 1 (CRR1), an SBP-domain transcription factor, is a global regulator of nutritional copper signaling in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and activates genes necessary during periods of copper deficiency. We localized Chlamydomonas CRR1 to the nucleus in mustard (Sinapis alba) seedlings, a location consistent with its function as a transcription factor. The Zn binding SBP domain of CRR1 binds copper ions in vitro. Cu(I) can replace Zn(II), but the Cu(II) form is unstable. The DNA binding activity is inhibited in vitro by Cu(II) or Hg(II) ions, which also prevent activation of transcription in vivo, but not by Co(II) or Ni(II), which have no effect in vivo. Copper inhibition of DNA binding is reduced by mutation of a conserved His residue. These results implicate the SBP domain in copper sensing. Deletion of a C-terminal metallothionein-like Cys-rich domain impacted neither nutritional copper signaling nor the effect of mercuric supplementation, but rendered CRR1 insensitive to hypoxia and to nickel supplementation, which normally activate the copper deficiency regulon in wild-type cells. Strains carrying the crr1-ΔCys allele upregulate ZRT genes and hyperaccumulate Zn(II), suggesting that the effect of nickel ions may be revealing a role for the C-terminal domain of CRR1 in zinc homeostasis in Chlamydomonas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Sommer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology-Golm, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Janette Kropat
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569
| | - Davin Malasarn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569
| | | | - Xiaohua Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2128
| | - David P. Giedroc
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102
| | - Sabeeha S. Merchant
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569
- Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569
- Address correspondence to
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Pilon M, Ravet K, Tapken W. The biogenesis and physiological function of chloroplast superoxide dismutases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2010; 1807:989-98. [PMID: 21078292 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2010] [Revised: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Iron-superoxide dismutase (FeSOD) and copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase (Cu/ZnSOD) are evolutionarily conserved proteins in higher plant chloroplasts. These enzymes are responsible for the efficient removal of the superoxide formed during photosynthetic electron transport and function in reactive oxygen species metabolism. The availability of copper is a major determinant of Cu/ZnSOD and FeSOD expression. Analysis of the phenotypes of plants that over-express superoxide dismutases in chloroplasts has given support for the proposed roles of these enzymes in reactive oxygen species scavenging. However, over-production of chloroplast superoxide dismutase gives only limited protection to environmental stress and does not result in greatly improved whole plant performance. Surprisingly, plant lines that lack the most abundant Cu/ZnSOD or FeSOD activities perform as well as the wild-type under most conditions tested, indicating that these superoxide dismutases are not limiting to photoprotection or the prevention of oxidative damage. In contrast, a strong defect in chloroplast gene expression and development was seen in plants that lack the two minor FeSOD isoforms, which are expressed predominantly in seedlings and that associate closely with the chloroplast genome. These findings implicate reactive oxygen species metabolism in signaling and emphasize the critical role of sub-cellular superoxide dismutase location. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Regulation of Electron Transport in Chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinus Pilon
- Biology Department and Program in Molecular Plant Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1878, USA.
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del Pozo T, Cambiazo V, González M. Gene expression profiling analysis of copper homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 393:248-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.01.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Remans T, Opdenakker K, Smeets K, Mathijsen D, Vangronsveld J, Cuypers A. Metal-specific and NADPH oxidase dependent changes in lipoxygenase and NADPH oxidase gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana exposed to cadmium or excess copper. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2010; 37:532. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1071/fp09194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species produced by NADPH oxidase and oxylipins derived from lipoxygenase activity can signal various stress conditions and have been implicated when plants are exposed to heavy metals. Transcriptional profiling of the 10 NADPH oxidase and 6 lipoxygenase genes was performed after exposure of Arabidopsis thaliana wild-type and NADPH oxidase mutants to 5 µM CdSO4 or 2 µM CuSO4 for 24 h. Under these short exposures to environmentally realistic concentrations of Cd or Cu, plants modulate signalling networks that regulate the onset of adaptive responses. Metal-specific NADPH oxidase genes were upregulated by Cd but downregulated by Cu, and metal-specific lipoxygenase gene expression was observed only after Cu exposure. Genes that are responsive to both metals were upregulated and may be responsive to general oxidative stress. For all metal-responsive genes except RBOHD, distinct responses were observed between leaves and roots, which may be due to different stress intensities and signalling mechanisms. Mutation of NADPH oxidase genes had opposing effects on gene expression after Cd or Cu exposure. Upregulation of LOX1 and LOX6 in the roots after exposure to Cd depended on NADPH oxidase gene expression, whereas LOX3 and LOX6 expression was induced more strongly in NADPH oxidase mutants after Cu exposure. Furthermore, NADPH oxidases regulated their own expression level and that of other members of the gene family when exposed to Cd or Cu. The results suggest interplay between reactive oxygen species and oxylipin signalling under Cd or Cu stress, and are useful as a basis for genetic studies to unravel metal-specific signalling mechanisms.
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Cohu CM, Abdel-Ghany SE, Gogolin Reynolds KA, Onofrio AM, Bodecker JR, Kimbrel JA, Niyogi KK, Pilon M. Copper delivery by the copper chaperone for chloroplast and cytosolic copper/zinc-superoxide dismutases: regulation and unexpected phenotypes in an Arabidopsis mutant. MOLECULAR PLANT 2009; 2:1336-50. [PMID: 19969519 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssp084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an important mineral nutrient found in chloroplasts as a cofactor associated with plastocyanin and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu/ZnSOD). Superoxide dismutases are metallo-enzymes found in most oxygenic organisms with proposed roles in reducing oxidative stress. Several recent studies in Arabidopsis have shown that microRNAs and a SQUAMOSA promoter binding protein-like7 (SPL7) transcription factor function to down-regulate the expression of many Cu-proteins, including Cu/ZnSOD in both plastids and the cytosol, during growth on low Cu. Plants contain the Cu Chaperone for SOD (CCS) that delivers Cu to Cu/ZnSODs, and, in Arabidopsis, both cytosolic and plastidic CCS versions are encoded by one gene. In this study, we demonstrate that Arabidopsis CCS transcript levels are regulated by Cu, mediated by microRNA 398 that was not previously predicted to target CCS. The microRNA target site is conserved in CCS of Oryza sativa. The data suggest that Cu-regulated microRNAs may have more mRNA targets than was previously predicted. A CCS null mutant has no measurable SOD activity in the chloroplast and cytosol, indicating an absolute requirement for CCS. When the CCS null mutant was grown on high Cu media, it lacked both Fe superoxide dismutase (FeSOD) and Cu/ZnSOD activity. However, this did not lead to a visual phenotype and no photosynthetic deficiencies were detected, even after high light stress. These results indicate that Cu/ZnSOD is not a pivotal component of the photosynthetic anti-oxidant system during growth in laboratory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Cohu
- Biology Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1878, USA
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Peñarrubia L, Andrés-Colás N, Moreno J, Puig S. Regulation of copper transport in Arabidopsis thaliana: a biochemical oscillator? J Biol Inorg Chem 2009; 15:29-36. [PMID: 19798519 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-009-0591-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2009] [Accepted: 09/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Plants are among the most versatile higher eukaryotes in accommodating environmental copper availability to largely variable demands. In particular, copper deficiency in soils is a threat for plant survival since it mostly affects reproductive structures. One of the strategies that plant cells use to overcome this situation is to increase copper levels by expressing high-affinity copper transporters delivering the metal to the cytosol. In this minireview, we discuss recent advances in the structure, function, and regulation of the CTR/COPT family of copper transporters, and pay special attention to the Arabidopsis thaliana counterparts. These are constituted by transmembrane polypeptides, containing several copper-binding sequences of functional and/or regulatory value, and assembling as trimers. Copper deficiency activates the expression of some members of the COPT family via the interaction of the SPL7 transcription factor with reiterative GTAC motifs present in their promoters. Interestingly, the regulation of the synthesis of these transporters by copper itself constitutes a negative-feedback loop that could cause a sustained oscillation in the cytosolic copper levels. We analyze the theoretical conditions required for this hypothetical copper oscillation and the potential advantages of synchronization with other cycles. Diverse data in other organisms point to the relationship between copper homeostasis and circadian cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lola Peñarrubia
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València, Spain.
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Pilon M, Cohu CM, Ravet K, Abdel-Ghany SE, Gaymard F. Essential transition metal homeostasis in plants. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2009; 12:347-57. [PMID: 19481497 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2009.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2008] [Revised: 04/26/2009] [Accepted: 04/27/2009] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The homeostasis of the essential transition metals copper, iron, manganese and zinc requires balanced activities of transporters that mediate import into the cell, distribution to organelles and export from the cell. Transcriptional control is important for the regulation of cellular homeostasis. In the case of Fe and Cu much progress has been made in uncovering the regulatory networks that mediate homeostasis, and key transcription factors have now been described. A master regulator of Cu homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana, AtSPL7, is related to the Chlamydomonas master regulator CCR1, suggesting that the key switch is conserved between the two systems even though different sets of targets are regulated in the two systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinus Pilon
- Biology Department and Program in Molecular Plant Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1878, USA.
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Burkhead JL, Gogolin Reynolds KA, Abdel-Ghany SE, Cohu CM, Pilon M. Copper homeostasis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2009; 182:799-816. [PMID: 19402880 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02846.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 413] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is a cofactor in proteins that are involved in electron transfer reactions and is an essential micronutrient for plants. Copper delivery is accomplished by the concerted action of a set of evolutionarily conserved transporters and metallochaperones. As a result of regulation of transporters in the root and the rarity of natural soils with high Cu levels, very few plants in nature will experience Cu in toxic excess in their tissues. However, low Cu bioavailability can limit plant productivity and plants have an interesting response to impending Cu deficiency, which is regulated by an evolutionarily conserved master switch. When Cu supply is insufficient, systems to increase uptake are activated and the available Cu is utilized with economy. A number of Cu-regulated small RNA molecules, the Cu-microRNAs, are used to downregulate Cu proteins that are seemingly not essential. On low Cu, the Cu-microRNAs are upregulated by the master Cu-responsive transcription factor SPL7, which also activates expression of genes involved in Cu assimilation. This regulation allows the most important proteins, which are required for photo-autotrophic growth, to remain active over a wide range of Cu concentrations and this should broaden the range where plants can thrive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason L Burkhead
- Biology Deparment, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1878, USA
| | | | - Salah E Abdel-Ghany
- Biology Deparment, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1878, USA
| | - Christopher M Cohu
- Biology Deparment, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1878, USA
| | - Marinus Pilon
- Biology Deparment, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1878, USA
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Yruela I. Copper in plants: acquisition, transport and interactions. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2009; 36:409-430. [PMID: 32688656 DOI: 10.1071/fp08288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2008] [Accepted: 02/25/2009] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Copper is an essential metal for plants. It plays key roles in photosynthetic and respiratory electron transport chains, in ethylene sensing, cell wall metabolism, oxidative stress protection and biogenesis of molybdenum cofactor. Thus, a deficiency in the copper supply can alter essential functions in plant metabolism. However, copper has traditionally been used in agriculture as an antifungal agent, and it is also extensively released into the environment by human activities that often cause environmental pollution. Accordingly, excess copper is present in certain regions and environments, and exposure to such can be potentially toxic to plants, causing phytotoxicity by the formation of reactive oxygen radicals that damage cells, or by the interaction with proteins impairing key cellular processes, inactivating enzymes and disturbing protein structure. Plants have a complex network of metal trafficking pathways in order to appropriately regulate copper homeostasis in response to environmental copper level variations. Such strategies must prevent accumulation of the metal in the freely reactive form (metal detoxification pathways) and ensure proper delivery of this element to target metalloproteins. The mechanisms involved in the acquisition and the distribution of copper have not been clearly defined, although emerging data in last decade, mainly obtained on copper uptake, and both intra- and intercellular distribution, as well as on long-distance transport, are contributing to the understanding of copper homeostasis in plants and the response to copper stress. This review gives an overview of the current understanding of main features concerning copper function, acquisition and trafficking network as well as interactions between copper and other elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Yruela
- Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda. Montañana, 1005, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain. Email
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Yamasaki H, Hayashi M, Fukazawa M, Kobayashi Y, Shikanai T. SQUAMOSA Promoter Binding Protein-Like7 Is a Central Regulator for Copper Homeostasis in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2009; 21:347-61. [PMID: 19122104 PMCID: PMC2648088 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.108.060137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 364] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2008] [Revised: 12/04/2008] [Accepted: 12/12/2008] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Expression of miR398 is induced in response to copper deficiency and is involved in the degradation of mRNAs encoding copper/zinc superoxide dismutase in Arabidopsis thaliana. We found that SPL7 (for SQUAMOSA promoter binding protein-like7) is essential for this response of miR398. SPL7 is homologous to Copper response regulator1, the transcription factor that is required for switching between plastocyanin and cytochrome c(6) in response to copper deficiency in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. SPL7 bound directly to GTAC motifs in the miR398 promoter in vitro, and these motifs were essential and sufficient for the response to copper deficiency in vivo. SPL7 is also required for the expression of multiple microRNAs, miR397, miR408, and miR857, involved in copper homeostasis and of genes encoding several copper transporters and a copper chaperone, indicating its central role in response to copper deficiency. Consistent with this idea, the growth of spl7 plants was severely impaired under low-copper conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Yamasaki
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
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