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Zhang M, Wu M, Xu T, Cao J, Zhang Z, Zhang T, Xie Q, Wang J, Sun S, Zhang Q, Ma R, Xie L. A putative Na +/H + antiporter BpSOS1 contributes to salt tolerance in birch. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 346:112181. [PMID: 38969141 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
White birch (Betula platyphylla Suk.) is an important pioneer tree which plays a critical role in maintaining ecosystem stability and forest regeneration. The growth of birch is dramatically inhibited by salt stress, especially the root inhibition. Salt Overly Sensitive 1 (SOS1) is the only extensively characterized Na+ efflux transporter in multiple plant species. The salt-hypersensitive mutant, sos1, display significant inhibition of root growth by NaCl. However, the role of SOS1 in birch responses to salt stress remains unclear. Here, we characterized a putative Na+/H+ antiporter BpSOS1 in birch and generated the loss-of-function mutants of the birch BpSOS1 by CRISPR/Cas9 approach. The bpsos1 mutant exhibit exceptional increased salt sensitivity which links to excessive Na+ accumulation in root, stem and old leaves. We observed a dramatic reduction of K+ contents in leaves of the bpsos1 mutant plants under salt stress. Furthermore, the Na+/K+ ratio of roots and leaves is significant higher in the bpsos1 mutants than the wild-type plants under salt stress. The ability of Na+ efflux in the root meristem zone is found to be impaired which might result the imbalance of Na+ and K+ in the bpsos1 mutants. Our findings indicate that the Na+/H+ exchanger BpSOS1 plays a critical role in birch salt tolerance by maintaining Na+ homeostasis and provide evidence for molecular breeding to improve salt tolerance in birch and other trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Mingke Wu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Tao Xu
- The Editorial Board of Journal of Forestry Research, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Junfeng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Zihui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Tianxu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Qingyi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Shanwen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Qingzhu Zhang
- School of Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China; The Center for Basic Forestry Research, College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China; State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Renyi Ma
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Gaoligong Mountain, Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming, China.
| | - Linan Xie
- School of Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China; The Center for Basic Forestry Research, College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
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Chen J, Wang Y. Understanding the salinity resilience and productivity of halophytes in saline environments. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 346:112171. [PMID: 38969140 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
The escalating salinity levels in cultivable soil pose a significant threat to agricultural productivity and, consequently, human sustenance. This problem is being exacerbated by natural processes and human activities, coinciding with a period of rapid population growth. Developing halophytic crops is needed to ensure food security is not impaired and land resources can be used sustainably. Evolution has created many close halophyte relatives of our major glycophytic crops, such as Puccinellia tenuiflora (relative of barley and wheat), Oryza coarctata (relative of rice) and Glycine soja (relative of soybean). There are also some halophytes have been subjected to semi-domestication and are considered as minor crops, such as Chenopodium quinoa. In this paper, we examine the prevailing comprehension of robust salinity resilience in halophytes. We summarize the existing strategies and technologies that equip researchers with the means to enhance the salt tolerance capabilities of primary crops and investigate the genetic makeup of halophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China; Dalian Practical Biotechnology Co. LTD., Dalian, Liaoning 116200, China.
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Zhang Y, Yang H, Liu Y, Hou Q, Jian S, Deng S. Molecular cloning and characterization of a salt overly sensitive3 (SOS3) gene from the halophyte Pongamia. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 114:57. [PMID: 38743266 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-024-01459-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
A high concentration of sodium (Na+) is the primary stressor for plants in high salinity environments. The Salt Overly Sensitive (SOS) pathway is one of the best-studied signal transduction pathways, which confers plants the ability to export too much Na+ out of the cells or translocate the cytoplasmic Na+ into the vacuole. In this study, the Salt Overly Sensitive3 (MpSOS3) gene from Pongamia (Millettia pinnata Syn. Pongamia pinnata), a semi-mangrove, was isolated and characterized. The MpSOS3 protein has canonical EF-hand motifs conserved in other calcium-binding proteins and an N-myristoylation signature sequence. The MpSOS3 gene was significantly induced by salt stress, especially in Pongamia roots. Expression of the wild-type MpSOS3 but not the mutated nonmyristoylated MpSOS3-G2A could rescue the salt-hypersensitive phenotype of the Arabidopsis sos3-1 mutant, which suggested the N-myristoylation signature sequence of MpSOS3 was required for MpSOS3 function in plant salt tolerance. Heterologous expression of MpSOS3 in Arabidopsis accumulated less H2O2, superoxide anion radical (O2-), and malondialdehyde (MDA) than wild-type plants, which enhanced the salt tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Under salt stress, MpSOS3 transgenic plants accumulated a lower content of Na+ and a higher content of K+ than wild-type plants, which maintained a better K+/Na+ ratio in transgenic plants. Moreover, no development and growth discrepancies were observed in the MpSOS3 heterologous overexpression plants compared to wild-type plants. Our results demonstrated that the MpSOS3 pathway confers a conservative salt-tolerant role and provided a foundation for further study of the SOS pathway in Pongamia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Plant Conservation and Utilization in Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany and Xiaoliang Research Station for Tropical Coastal Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Heng Yang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Plant Conservation and Utilization in Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany and Xiaoliang Research Station for Tropical Coastal Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yujuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Plant Conservation and Utilization in Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany and Xiaoliang Research Station for Tropical Coastal Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qiongzhao Hou
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Plant Conservation and Utilization in Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany and Xiaoliang Research Station for Tropical Coastal Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shuguang Jian
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Shulin Deng
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Plant Conservation and Utilization in Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany and Xiaoliang Research Station for Tropical Coastal Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
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Xie Q, Yin X, Wang Y, Qi Y, Pan C, Sulaymanov S, Qiu QS, Zhou Y, Jiang X. The signalling pathways, calcineurin B-like protein 5 (CBL5)-CBL-interacting protein kinase 8 (CIPK8)/CIPK24-salt overly sensitive 1 (SOS1), transduce salt signals in seed germination in Arabidopsis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:1486-1502. [PMID: 38238896 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
For plant growth under salt stress, sensing and transducing salt signals are central to cellular Na+ homoeostasis. The calcineurin B-like protein (CBL)-CBL-interacting protein kinase (CIPK) complexes play critical roles in transducing salt signals in plants. Here, we show that CBL5, an ortholog of CBL4 and CBL10 in Arabidopsis, interacts with and recruits CIPK8/CIPK24 to the plasma membrane. Yeast cells coexpressing CBL5, CIPK8/CIPK24 and SOS1 demonstrated lesser Na+ accumulation and a better growth phenotype than the untransformed or SOS1 transgenic yeast cells under salinity. Overexpression of CBL5 improved the growth of the cipk8 or cipk24 single mutant but not the cipk8 cipk24 double mutant under salt stress, suggesting that CIPK8 and CIPK24 were the downstream targets of CBL5. Interestingly, seed germination in cbl5 was severely inhibited by NaCl, which was recovered by the overexpression of CBL5. Furthermore, CBL5 was mainly expressed in the cotyledons and hypocotyls, which are essential to seed germination. Na+ efflux activity in the hypocotyls of cbl5 was reduced relative to the wild-type under salt stress, enhancing Na+ accumulation. These findings indicate that CBL5 functions in seed germination and protects seeds and germinating seedlings from salt stress through the CBL5-CIPK8/CIPK24-SOS1 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xie
- National Center for Technology Innovation of Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice/College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiaochang Yin
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry (School of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, School of Rural Revitalization), Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yu Wang
- National Center for Technology Innovation of Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice/College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yuting Qi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations/School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chengcai Pan
- National Center for Technology Innovation of Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice/College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Sunnatulla Sulaymanov
- National Center for Technology Innovation of Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice/College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Quan-Sheng Qiu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations/School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry (School of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, School of Rural Revitalization), Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- National Center for Technology Innovation of Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice/College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
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Gámez-Arjona F, Park HJ, García E, Aman R, Villalta I, Raddatz N, Carranco R, Ali A, Ali Z, Zareen S, De Luca A, Leidi EO, Daniel-Mozo M, Xu ZY, Albert A, Kim WY, Pardo JM, Sánchez-Rodriguez C, Yun DJ, Quintero FJ. Inverse regulation of SOS1 and HKT1 protein localization and stability by SOS3/CBL4 in Arabidopsis thaliana. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2320657121. [PMID: 38386704 PMCID: PMC10907282 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2320657121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
To control net sodium (Na+) uptake, Arabidopsis plants utilize the plasma membrane (PM) Na+/H+ antiporter SOS1 to achieve Na+ efflux at the root and Na+ loading into the xylem, and the channel-like HKT1;1 protein that mediates the reverse flux of Na+ unloading off the xylem. Together, these opposing transport systems govern the partition of Na+ within the plant yet they must be finely co-regulated to prevent a futile cycle of xylem loading and unloading. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis SOS3 protein acts as the molecular switch governing these Na+ fluxes by favoring the recruitment of SOS1 to the PM and its subsequent activation by the SOS2/SOS3 kinase complex under salt stress, while commanding HKT1;1 protein degradation upon acute sodic stress. SOS3 achieves this role by direct and SOS2-independent binding to previously unrecognized functional domains of SOS1 and HKT1;1. These results indicate that roots first retain moderate amounts of salts to facilitate osmoregulation, yet when sodicity exceeds a set point, SOS3-dependent HKT1;1 degradation switches the balance toward Na+ export out of the root. Thus, SOS3 functionally links and co-regulates the two major Na+ transport systems operating in vascular plants controlling plant tolerance to salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Gámez-Arjona
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and University of Seville, Seville41092, Spain
- Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich8092, Switzerland
| | - Hee Jin Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul05029, South Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju61186, Korea
| | - Elena García
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and University of Seville, Seville41092, Spain
| | - Rashid Aman
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Irene Villalta
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte, Université de Tours, Tours37200, France
| | - Natalia Raddatz
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and University of Seville, Seville41092, Spain
| | - Raul Carranco
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and University of Seville, Seville41092, Spain
| | - Akhtar Ali
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul05029, South Korea
| | - Zahir Ali
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shah Zareen
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul05029, South Korea
| | - Anna De Luca
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and University of Seville, Seville41092, Spain
| | - Eduardo O. Leidi
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Seville41012, Spain
| | - Miguel Daniel-Mozo
- Instituto de Química Física Blas Cabrera, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid28006, Spain
| | - Zheng-Yi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun130024, China
| | - Armando Albert
- Instituto de Química Física Blas Cabrera, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid28006, Spain
| | - Woe-Yeon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju660-701, South Korea
| | - Jose M. Pardo
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and University of Seville, Seville41092, Spain
| | - Clara Sánchez-Rodriguez
- Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich8092, Switzerland
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid–Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (CSIC), Pozuelo de Alarcón28223, Spain
| | - Dae-Jin Yun
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul05029, South Korea
| | - Francisco J. Quintero
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and University of Seville, Seville41092, Spain
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Estrada Y, Plasencia F, Ortíz-Atienza A, Faura C, Flores FB, Lozano R, Egea I. A novel function of the tomato CALCINEURIN-B LIKE 10 gene as a root-located negative regulator of salt stress. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:3433-3444. [PMID: 37555654 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Climate change exacerbates abiotic stresses like salinization, negatively impacting crop yield, so development of strategies, like using salt-tolerant rootstocks, is crucial. The CALCINEURIN B-LIKE 10 (SlCBL10) gene has been previously identified as a positive regulator of salt tolerance in the tomato shoot. Here, we report a different function of SlCBL10 in tomato shoot and root, as disruption of SlCBL10 only induced salt sensitivity when it was used in the scion but not in the rootstock. The use of SlCBL10 silencing rootstocks (Slcbl10 mutant and RNAi line) improved salt tolerance on the basis of fruit yield. These changes were associated with improved Na+ and K+ homoeostasis, as SlCBL10 silencing reduced the Na+ content and increased the K+ content under salinity, not only in the rootstock but also in the shoot. Improvement of Na+ homoeostasis in Slcbl10 rootstock seems to be mainly due to induction of SlSOS1 expression, while the higher K+ accumulation in roots seems to be mainly determined by expression of LKT1 transporter and SlSKOR channel. These findings demonstrate that SlCBL10 is a negative regulator of salt tolerance in the root, so the use of downregulated SlCBL10 rootstocks may provide a suitable strategy to increase tomato fruit production under salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanira Estrada
- Dpto. Biología del Estrés y Patología Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Félix Plasencia
- Dpto. Biología del Estrés y Patología Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana Ortíz-Atienza
- Dpto. de Biología y Geología, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria, Universidad de Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Celia Faura
- Dpto. Biología del Estrés y Patología Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco B Flores
- Dpto. Biología del Estrés y Patología Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Rafael Lozano
- Dpto. de Biología y Geología, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria, Universidad de Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Isabel Egea
- Dpto. Biología del Estrés y Patología Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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7
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Esmailpourmoghadam E, Salehi H, Moshtaghi N. Differential Gene Expression Responses to Salt and Drought Stress in Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00888-8. [PMID: 37742296 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00888-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Understanding gene expression kinetics and the underlying physiological mechanisms in stress combinations is a challenge for the purpose of stress resistance breeding. The novelty of this study is correlating the physiological mechanisms with the expression of key target genes in tall fescue under a combination of various salinity and osmotic stress treatments. Four drought- and salt-responsive genes belonging to different crucial pathways evaluated included one transcription factor FabZIP69, one for the cytosolic polyamine synthetase FaADC1, one for ABA signaling FaCYP707A1, and another one for the specific Na+/H+ plasma membrane antiporter FaSOS1 involve in osmotic homeostasis. FaSOS1, FaCYP707A1, and FabZIP69 were induced early at 6 h after NaCl treatment, while FaSOS1 and FaCYP707A1 were transcribed gradually after exposure to PEG. However, stress interactions showed a significantly increased expression in all genes. Expression of these genes was positively correlated to Pro, SSs, IL, DPPH, and antioxidant enzyme activity and negatively correlated with RWC, total Chl, and MSI. Chemical analyses showed that tall fescue plants exposed to the combination of stresses exhibited increased quantity of reactive oxygen species (H2O2), EL and DPPH, and higher levels of antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT, and SOD), Pro, and SSs content, compared with control seedlings. Under dual-stress conditions, the expression of FabZIP69 was effective in controlling the expression of FaSOS1 and FaADC1 genes differently.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hassan Salehi
- Department of Horticultural Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Nasrin Moshtaghi
- Department of Biotechnology and Plant Breeding, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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8
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Wang Y, Pan C, Chen Q, Xie Q, Gao Y, He L, Li Y, Dong Y, Jiang X, Zhao Y. Architecture and autoinhibitory mechanism of the plasma membrane Na +/H + antiporter SOS1 in Arabidopsis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4487. [PMID: 37495621 PMCID: PMC10372031 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40215-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Salt-overly-sensitive 1 (SOS1) is a unique electroneutral Na+/H+ antiporter at the plasma membrane of higher plants and plays a central role in resisting salt stress. SOS1 is kept in a resting state with basal activity and activated upon phosphorylation. Here, we report the structures of SOS1. SOS1 forms a homodimer, with each monomer composed of transmembrane and intracellular domains. We find that SOS1 is locked in an occluded state by shifting of the lateral-gate TM5b toward the dimerization domain, thus shielding the Na+/H+ binding site. We speculate that the dimerization of the intracellular domain is crucial to stabilize the transporter in this specific conformation. Moreover, two discrete fragments and a residue W1013 are important to prevent the transition of SOS1 to an alternative conformational state, as validated by functional complementation assays. Our study enriches understanding of the alternate access model of eukaryotic Na+/H+ exchangers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, 100101, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Chengcai Pan
- National Center for Technology Innovation of Saline-Alkali tolerant Rice/College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, 524088, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Qihao Chen
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, 100101, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Xie
- National Center for Technology Innovation of Saline-Alkali tolerant Rice/College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, 524088, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yiwei Gao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, 100101, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Lingli He
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, 100101, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, 100101, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Yanli Dong
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, 100101, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- National Center for Technology Innovation of Saline-Alkali tolerant Rice/College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, 524088, Zhanjiang, China.
| | - Yan Zhao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, 100101, Beijing, China.
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
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9
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Singer SD, Lehmann M, Zhang Z, Subedi U, Burton Hughes K, Lim NZL, Ortega Polo R, Chen G, Acharya S, Hannoufa A, Huan T. Elucidation of Physiological, Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Salinity Response Mechanisms in Medicago sativa. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2059. [PMID: 37653976 PMCID: PMC10221938 DOI: 10.3390/plants12102059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a widely grown perennial leguminous forage crop with a number of positive attributes. However, despite its moderate ability to tolerate saline soils, which are increasing in prevalence worldwide, it suffers considerable yield declines under these growth conditions. While a general framework of the cascade of events involved in plant salinity response has been unraveled in recent years, many gaps remain in our understanding of the precise molecular mechanisms involved in this process, particularly in non-model yet economically important species such as alfalfa. Therefore, as a means of further elucidating salinity response mechanisms in this species, we carried out in-depth physiological assessments of M. sativa cv. Beaver, as well as transcriptomic and untargeted metabolomic evaluations of leaf tissues, following extended exposure to salinity (grown for 3-4 weeks under saline treatment) and control conditions. In addition to the substantial growth and photosynthetic reductions observed under salinity treatment, we identified 1233 significant differentially expressed genes between growth conditions, as well as 60 annotated differentially accumulated metabolites. Taken together, our results suggest that changes to cell membranes and walls, cuticular and/or epicuticular waxes, osmoprotectant levels, antioxidant-related metabolic pathways, and the expression of genes encoding ion transporters, protective proteins, and transcription factors are likely involved in alfalfa's salinity response process. Although some of these alterations may contribute to alfalfa's modest salinity resilience, it is feasible that several may be disadvantageous in this context and could therefore provide valuable targets for the further improvement of tolerance to this stress in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy D. Singer
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Madeline Lehmann
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Zixuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Udaya Subedi
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Kimberley Burton Hughes
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Nathaniel Z.-L. Lim
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Rodrigo Ortega Polo
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Guanqun Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Surya Acharya
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Abdelali Hannoufa
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Tao Huan
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
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10
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De Rosa A, McGaughey S, Magrath I, Byrt C. Molecular membrane separation: plants inspire new technologies. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:33-54. [PMID: 36683439 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plants draw up their surrounding soil solution to gain water and nutrients required for growth, development and reproduction. Obtaining adequate water and nutrients involves taking up both desired and undesired elements from the soil solution and separating resources from waste. Desirable and undesirable elements in the soil solution can share similar chemical properties, such as size and charge. Plants use membrane separation mechanisms to distinguish between different molecules that have similar chemical properties. Membrane separation enables distribution or retention of resources and efflux or compartmentation of waste. Plants use specialised membrane separation mechanisms to adapt to challenging soil solution compositions and distinguish between resources and waste. Coordination and regulation of these mechanisms between different tissues, cell types and subcellular membranes supports plant nutrition, environmental stress tolerance and energy management. This review considers membrane separation mechanisms in plants that contribute to specialised separation processes and highlights mechanisms of interest for engineering plants with enhanced performance in challenging conditions and for inspiring the development of novel industrial membrane separation technologies. Knowledge gained from studying plant membrane separation mechanisms can be applied to developing precision separation technologies. Separation technologies are needed for harvesting resources from industrial wastes and transitioning to a circular green economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria De Rosa
- Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, 2601, ACT, Acton, Australia
| | - Samantha McGaughey
- Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, 2601, ACT, Acton, Australia
| | - Isobel Magrath
- Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, 2601, ACT, Acton, Australia
| | - Caitlin Byrt
- Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, 2601, ACT, Acton, Australia
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11
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Pantha P, Oh DH, Longstreth D, Dassanayake M. Living with high potassium: Balance between nutrient acquisition and K-induced salt stress signaling. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:1102-1121. [PMID: 36493387 PMCID: PMC9922392 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
High potassium (K) in the growth medium induces salinity stress in plants. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying plant responses to K-induced salt stress are virtually unknown. We examined Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and its extremophyte relative Schrenkiella parvula using a comparative multiomics approach to identify cellular processes affected by excess K and understand which deterministic regulatory pathways are active to avoid tissue damages while sustaining growth. Arabidopsis showed limited capacity to curb excess K accumulation and prevent nutrient depletion, contrasting to S. parvula which could limit excess K accumulation without restricting nutrient uptake. A targeted transcriptomic response in S. parvula promoted nitrogen uptake along with other key nutrients followed by uninterrupted N assimilation into primary metabolites during excess K-stress. This resulted in larger antioxidant and osmolyte pools and corresponded with sustained growth in S. parvula. Antithetically, Arabidopsis showed increased reactive oxygen species levels, reduced photosynthesis, and transcriptional responses indicative of a poor balance between stress signaling, subsequently leading to growth limitations. Our results indicate that the ability to regulate independent nutrient uptake and a coordinated transcriptomic response to avoid nonspecific stress signaling are two main deterministic steps toward building stress resilience to excess K+-induced salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Pantha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Dong-Ha Oh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - David Longstreth
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
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12
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Salinity-Induced Cytosolic Alkaline Shifts in Arabidopsis Roots Require the SOS Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043549. [PMID: 36834961 PMCID: PMC9960406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants have evolved elaborate mechanisms to sense, respond to and overcome the detrimental effects of high soil salinity. The role of calcium transients in salinity stress signaling is well established, but the physiological significance of concurrent salinity-induced changes in cytosolic pH remains largely undefined. Here, we analyzed the response of Arabidopsis roots expressing the genetically encoded ratiometric pH-sensor pHGFP fused to marker proteins for the recruitment of the sensor to the cytosolic side of the tonoplast (pHGFP-VTI11) and the plasma membrane (pHGFP-LTI6b). Salinity elicited a rapid alkalinization of cytosolic pH (pHcyt) in the meristematic and elongation zone of wild-type roots. The pH-shift near the plasma membrane preceded that at the tonoplast. In pH-maps transversal to the root axis, the epidermis and cortex had cells with a more alkaline pHcyt relative to cells in the stele in control conditions. Conversely, seedlings treated with 100 mM NaCl exhibited an increased pHcyt in cells of the vasculature relative to the external layers of the root, and this response occurred in both reporter lines. These pHcyt changes were substantially reduced in mutant roots lacking a functional SOS3/CBL4 protein, suggesting that the operation of the SOS pathway mediated the dynamics of pHcyt in response to salinity.
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13
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Rahman MA, Woo JH, Lee SH, Park HS, Kabir AH, Raza A, El Sabagh A, Lee KW. Regulation of Na +/H + exchangers, Na +/K + transporters, and lignin biosynthesis genes, along with lignin accumulation, sodium extrusion, and antioxidant defense, confers salt tolerance in alfalfa. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1041764. [PMID: 36420040 PMCID: PMC9676661 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1041764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of high sodium (Na+) leads to disruption of metabolic processes and decline in plant growth and productivity. Therefore, this study was undertaken to clarify how Na+/H+ exchangers and Na+/K+ transporter genes contribute to Na+ homeostasis and the substantial involvement of lignin biosynthesis genes in salt tolerance in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), which is poorly understood. In this study, high Na+ exhibited a substantial reduction of morphophysiological indices and induced oxidative stress indicators in Xingjiang Daye (XJD; sensitive genotype), while Zhongmu (ZM; tolerant genotype) remained unaffected. The higher accumulation of Na+ and the lower accumulation of K+ and K+/(Na+ + K+) ratio were found in roots and shoots of XJD compared with ZM under salt stress. The ZM genotype showed a high expression of SOS1 (salt overly sensitive 1), NHX1 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1), and HKT1 (high-affinity potassium transporter 1), which were involved in K+ accumulation and excess Na+ extrusion from the cells compared with XJD. The lignin accumulation was higher in the salt-adapted ZM genotype than the sensitive XJD genotype. Consequently, several lignin biosynthesis-related genes including 4CL2, CCoAOMT, COMT, CCR, C4H, PAL1, and PRX1 exhibited higher mRNA expression in salt-tolerant ZM compared with XJD. Moreover, antioxidant enzyme (catalase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase) activity was higher in ZM relative to XJD. This result suggests that high antioxidant provided the defense against oxidative damages in ZM, whereas low enzyme activity with high Na+ triggered the oxidative damage in XJD. These findings together illustrate the ion exchanger, antiporter, and lignin biosysthetic genes involving mechanistic insights into differential salt tolerance in alfalfa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Atikur Rahman
- Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Woo
- Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Lee
- Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Hyung Soo Park
- Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Ahmad Humayan Kabir
- Molecular Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Ali Raza
- College of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
| | - Ayman El Sabagh
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Shaikh, Egypt
| | - Ki-Won Lee
- Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan, South Korea
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14
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Zhou X, Li J, Wang Y, Liang X, Zhang M, Lu M, Guo Y, Qin F, Jiang C. The classical SOS pathway confers natural variation of salt tolerance in maize. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:479-494. [PMID: 35633114 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Sodium (Na+ ) is the major cation damaging crops in the salinised farmland. Previous studies have shown that the Salt Overly Sensitive (SOS) pathway is important for salt tolerance in Arabidopsis. Nevertheless, the SOS pathway remains poorly investigated in most crops. This study addresses the function of the SOS pathway and its association with the natural variation of salt tolerance in maize. First, we showed that a naturally occurring 4-bp frame-shifting deletion in ZmSOS1 caused the salt hypersensitive phenotype of the maize inbred line LH65. Accordingly, mutants lacking ZmSOS1 also displayed a salt hypersensitive phenotype, due to an impaired root-to-rhizosphere Na+ efflux and an increased shoot Na+ concentration. We next showed that the maize SOS3/SOS2 complex (ZmCBL4/ZmCIPK24a and ZmCBL8/ZmCIPK24a) phosphorylates ZmSOS1 therefore activating its Na+ -transporting activity, with their loss-of-function mutants displaying salt hypersensitive phenotypes. Moreover, we observed that a LTR/Gypsy insertion decreased the expression of ZmCBL8, thereby increasing shoot Na+ concentration in natural maize population. Taken together, our study demonstrated that the maize SOS pathway confers a conservative salt-tolerant role, and the components of SOS pathway (ZmSOS1 and ZmCBL8) confer the natural variations of Na+ regulation and salt tolerance in maize, therefore providing important gene targets for breeding salt-tolerant maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Jianfang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Yiqiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Minhui Lu
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Feng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Caifu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
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15
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Han QQ, Wang YP, Li J, Li J, Yin XC, Jiang XY, Yu M, Wang SM, Shabala S, Zhang JL. The mechanistic basis of sodium exclusion in Puccinellia tenuiflora under conditions of salinity and potassium deprivation. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 112:322-338. [PMID: 35979653 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is a significant threat to global agriculture. Understanding salt exclusion mechanisms in halophyte species may be instrumental in improving salt tolerance in crops. Puccinellia tenuiflora is a typical salt-excluding halophytic grass often found in potassium-deprived saline soils. Our previous work showed that P. tenuiflora possesses stronger selectivity for K+ than for Na+ ; however, the mechanistic basis of this phenomenon remained elusive. Here, P. tenuiflora PutHKT1;5 was cloned and the functions of PutHKT1;5 and PutSOS1 were characterized using heterologous expression systems. Yeast assays showed that PutHKT1;5 possessed Na+ transporting capacity and was highly selective for Na+ over K+ . PutSOS1 was located at the plasma membrane and operated as a Na+ /K+ exchanger, with much stronger Na+ extrusion capacity than its homolog from Arabidopsis. PutHKT2;1 mediated high-affinity K+ and Na+ uptake and its expression levels were upregulated by mild salinity and K+ deprivation. Salinity-induced changes of root PutHKT1;5 and PutHKT1;4 transcript levels matched the expression pattern of root PutSOS1, which was consistent with root Na+ efflux. The transcript levels of root PutHKT2;1 and PutAKT1 were downregulated by salinity. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that the functional activity of PutHKT1;5 and PutSOS1 in P. tenuiflora roots is fine-tuned under saline conditions as well as by operation of other ion transporters/channel (PutHKT1;4, PutHKT2;1, and PutAKT1). This leads to the coordination of radial Na+ and K+ transport processes, their loading to the xylem, or Na+ retrieval and extrusion under conditions of mild salinity and/or K+ deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Qing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Ping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, P. R. China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Chang Yin
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Yu Jiang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, P. R. China
| | - Min Yu
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, P. R. China
| | - Suo-Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, P. R. China
| | - Sergey Shabala
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, P. R. China
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, P. R. China
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jin-Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, P. R. China
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, P. R. China
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16
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Hosseini S, Shabani L, Sabzalian MR, Gharibi S. Foliar spray of commercial seaweed and amino acid-derived biostimulants promoted phytoremediation potential and salinity stress tolerance in halophytic grass, Puccinellia distans. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2022; 25:415-429. [PMID: 35914280 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2022.2088688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants pretreatment with various chemicals has often been used to diminish salinity stress impact on plants. An experiment was carried out to determine the effect of foliar spray of two commercially available biostimulants (Algabon® [0.5 g/l] and Bonamid® [2 g/l]) on the growth and tolerance of halophytic grass, Pucccinellia distans under non-salinity condition (NSC) and salinity condition (SC). The greenhouse experiment was set up in a completely randomized design with three treatments repeated three times. Our results showed that biomass, leaf relative water content, chlorophyll content, K+ content, K+/Na+ ratio, and protein and N contents were all negatively affected by 300 mM NaCl. The results obtained in the present study showed the beneficial effects of the pretreatments of two biostimulants on P. distans seedlings under non-salinity stress conditions with respect to increasing plant biomass, photosynthetic pigments, K+ content, the content of proteins, and nitrogen percentage. The results suggested that foliar spray of Bonamid® could partly diminish NaCl-caused stress on P. distans seedlings, probably due to higher accumulation of shoot biomass, photosynthetic pigments, K+/Na+ ratio, protein and N contents, phytoremediation potential, as well as upregulation of Na+/H+ antiporters located in plasma membranes and vacuoles. The highest phytoremediation potential (PP) of shoots and total biomass was detected in the plants sprayed with Bonamid® by 50.8 and 42.7% respectively, relative to that in salinity-stressed control plants. Interestingly, foliar spray with two biostimulants decreased osmoprotectants and antioxidant compounds content of shoots under salinity stress conditions. Collectively, it could be concluded that a noticeable feature of pretreatment of P. distans seedlings with Algabon® and Bonamid® is the increase in growth under NSC, whereas under SC only pretreated plants with amino acid-derived biostimulant (Bonamid®) can (partly) diminish the NaCl-induced deleterious effects in P. distans seedlings through the compartmentalization of salts in vacuoles (by upregulation of Na+/H+ antiporters).
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Hosseini
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Leila Shabani
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad R Sabzalian
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shima Gharibi
- Core Research Facilities (CRF), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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17
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Li C, Duan C, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Meng Z, Zhao Y, Zhang Q. Adaptative Mechanisms of Halophytic Eutrema salsugineum Encountering Saline Environment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:909527. [PMID: 35837468 PMCID: PMC9274170 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.909527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Salt cress (Eutrema salsugineum), an Arabidopsis-related halophyte, can naturally adapt to various harsh climates and soil conditions; thus, it is considered a desirable model plant for deciphering mechanisms of salt and other abiotic stresses. Accumulating evidence has revealed that compared with Arabidopsis, salt cress possesses stomata that close more tightly and more succulent leaves during extreme salt stress, a noticeably higher level of proline, inositols, sugars, and organic acids, as well as stress-associated transcripts in unstressed plants, and they are induced rapidly under stress. In this review, we systematically summarize the research on the morphology, physiology, genome, gene expression and regulation, and protein and metabolite profile of salt cress under salt stress. We emphasize the latest advances in research on the genome adaptive evolution encountering saline environments, and epigenetic regulation, and discuss the mechanisms underlying salt tolerance in salt cress. Finally, we discuss the existing questions and opportunities for future research in halophytic Eutrema. Together, the review fosters a better understanding of the mechanism of plant salt tolerance and provides a reference for the research and utilization of Eutrema as a model extremophile in the future. Furthermore, the prospects for salt cress applied to explore the mechanism of salt tolerance provide a theoretical basis to develop new strategies for agricultural biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanshun Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Chonghao Duan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Hengyang Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yaoyao Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhe Meng
- Research Team of Plant Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanxiu Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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18
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Farooq M, Asif S, Jang YH, Park JR, Zhao DD, Kim EG, Kim KM. Effect of Different Salts on Nutrients Uptake, Gene Expression, Antioxidant, and Growth Pattern of Selected Rice Genotypes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:895282. [PMID: 35783927 PMCID: PMC9244628 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.895282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Climate change leads to soil salinization, and the dynamic scarcity of freshwater has negatively affected crop production worldwide, especially Oryza sativa. The association among ion uptake, gene expression, antioxidant, biomass, and root and shoot development under different salt stress are not fully understood. Many studies are related to the effect of NaCl only. This study used two salts (CaCl2 and MgCl2) along with NaCl and analyzed their effects on mineral uptake (macronutrients and micronutrients), gene expression, seed germination, antioxidants, plant growth, and biomass in different rice genotypes. CaCl2 (up to 200 mM) slightly increased the germination percentage and seedling growth, whereas, 150 mM MgCl2 in the soil increased the root, shoot length, and fresh and dry weight in cultivars IR 28 and Cheongcheong. All agronomic traits among rice genotypes were drastically reduced by NaCl stress compared to other salts. Different salt stress differentially regulated ion uptake in the roots and shoots among different rice genotypes. Under different salt stress, a consistent decrease in Ca2+, Mn2+, and Fe2+ ions was observed in the roots of Cheongcheong, Nagdong, and IR 28. Similarly, under different salts, the stress in the shoots of Cheongcheong (Ca2+, Na+, and Zn2+) and Nagdong (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and Zn2+) and the shoots of IR 28 (Ca2+ and Mg2+) consistently increased. Under different salts, a salt stress-related gene was expressed differentially in the roots of rice genotypes. However, after 6 and 12 h, there was consistent OsHKT1, OsNHX1, and OsSOS1 gene upregulation in the shoots of Nagdong and roots and shoots of the salt-tolerant cultivar Pokkali. Under different salt stress, glutathione (GSH) content increased in the shoot of IR 28 and Nagdong by NaCl, and MgCl2 salt, whereas, POD activity increased significantly by CaCl2 and MgCl2 in cultivar Cheongcheong and IR 28 shoot. Therefore, this study suggested that Pokkali responded well to NaCl stress only, whereas, the plant molecular breeding lab cultivar Nagdong showed more salt tolerance to different salts (NaCl, CaCl2, and MgCl2). This can potentially be used by agriculturists to develop the new salt-tolerant cultivar "Nagdong"-like Pokkali.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Saleem Asif
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Hee Jang
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jae-Ryoung Park
- Crop Breeding Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Dan-Dan Zhao
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Eun-Gyeong Kim
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Min Kim
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- Crop Breeding Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea
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19
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Zhang M, Cao J, Zhang T, Xu T, Yang L, Li X, Ji F, Gao Y, Ali S, Zhang Q, Zhu J, Xie L. A Putative Plasma Membrane Na +/H + Antiporter GmSOS1 Is Critical for Salt Stress Tolerance in Glycine max. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:870695. [PMID: 35651772 PMCID: PMC9149370 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.870695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max) is a staple crop and a major source of vegetable protein and vegetable oil. The growth of soybean is dramatically inhibited by salt stress, especially by the excessive toxic Na+. Salt Overly Sensitive 1 (SOS1) is the only extensively characterized Na+ efflux transporter in multiple plant species so far. However, the role of GmSOS1 in soybean salt stress responses remains unclear. Herein, we created three gmsos1 mutants using the CRISPR-Cas9 system in soybean. We found a significant accumulation of Na+ in the roots of the gmsos1 mutants, resulting in the imbalance of Na+ and K+, which links to impaired Na+ efflux and increased K+ efflux in the roots of the gmsos1 mutants under salt stress. Compared to the wild type, our RNA-seq analysis revealed that the roots of the gmsos1-1 showed preferential up and downregulation of ion transporters under salt stress, supporting impaired stress detection or an inability to develop a comprehensive response to salinity in the gmsos1 mutants. Our findings indicate that the plasma membrane Na+/H+ exchanger GmSOS1 plays a critical role in soybean salt tolerance by maintaining Na+ homeostasis and provides evidence for molecular breeding to improve salt tolerance in soybean and other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Junfeng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Tianxu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Tao Xu
- The Editorial Board of Journal of Forestry Research, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Liyuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Laboratory Department, Qitaihe Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qitaihe, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Fengdan Ji
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yingxue Gao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shahid Ali
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Qingzhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jianhua Zhu
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Linan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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20
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Sun Y, Oh DH, Duan L, Ramachandran P, Ramirez A, Bartlett A, Tran KN, Wang G, Dassanayake M, Dinneny JR. Divergence in the ABA gene regulatory network underlies differential growth control. NATURE PLANTS 2022; 8:549-560. [PMID: 35501452 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-022-01139-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is a central regulator of acclimation to environmental stress; however, its contribution to differences in stress tolerance between species is unclear. To establish a comparative framework for understanding how stress hormone signalling pathways diverge across species, we studied the growth response of four Brassicaceae species to ABA treatment and generated transcriptomic and DNA affinity purification and sequencing datasets to construct a cross-species gene regulatory network (GRN) for ABA. Comparison of genes bound directly by ABA-responsive element binding factors suggests that cis-factors are most important for determining the target loci represented in the ABA GRN of a particular species. Using this GRN, we reveal how rewiring of growth hormone subnetworks contributes to stark differences in the response to ABA in the extremophyte Schrenkiella parvula. Our study provides a model for understanding how divergence in gene regulation can lead to species-specific physiological outcomes in response to hormonal cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dong-Ha Oh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Lina Duan
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Andrea Ramirez
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anna Bartlett
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kieu-Nga Tran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Guannan Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Maheshi Dassanayake
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - José R Dinneny
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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21
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Youssef MS, Mira MM, Renault S, Hill RD, Stasolla C. Phytoglobin Expression Alters the Na +/K + Balance and Antioxidant Responses in Soybean Plants Exposed to Na 2SO 4. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4072. [PMID: 35456890 PMCID: PMC9031766 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max) is an economically important crop which is very susceptible to salt stress. Tolerance to Na2SO4 stress was evaluated in soybean plants overexpressing or suppressing the phytoglobin GmPgb1. Salt stress depressed several gas exchange parameters, including the photosynthetic rate, caused leaf damage, and reduced the water content and dry weights. Lower expression of respiratory burst oxidase homologs (RBOHB and D), as well as enhanced antioxidant activity, resulting from GmPgb1 overexpression, limited ROS-induced damage in salt-stressed leaf tissue. The leaves also exhibited higher activities of the H2O2-quenching enzymes, catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), as well as enhanced levels of ascorbic acid. Relative to WT and GmPgb1-suppressing plants, overexpression of GmPgb1 attenuated the accumulation of foliar Na+ and exhibited a lower Na+/K+ ratio. These changes were attributed to the induction of the Na+ efflux transporter SALT OVERLY SENSITIVE 1 (SOS1) limiting Na+ intake and transport and the inward rectifying K+ channel POTASSIUM TRANSPORTER 1 (AKT1) required for the maintenance of the Na+/K+ balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S. Youssef
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; (M.S.Y.); (M.M.M.); (R.D.H.)
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Mohammed M. Mira
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; (M.S.Y.); (M.M.M.); (R.D.H.)
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Sylvie Renault
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada;
| | - Robert D. Hill
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; (M.S.Y.); (M.M.M.); (R.D.H.)
| | - Claudio Stasolla
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; (M.S.Y.); (M.M.M.); (R.D.H.)
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22
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Xie Q, Zhou Y, Jiang X. Structure, Function, and Regulation of the Plasma Membrane Na +/H + Antiporter Salt Overly Sensitive 1 in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:866265. [PMID: 35432437 PMCID: PMC9009148 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.866265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Physiological studies have confirmed that export of Na+ to improve salt tolerance in plants is regulated by the combined activities of a complex transport system. In the Na+ transport system, the Na+/H+ antiporter salt overly sensitive 1 (SOS1) is the main protein that functions to excrete Na+ out of plant cells. In this paper, we review the structure and function of the Na+/H+ antiporter and the physiological process of Na+ transport in SOS signaling pathway, and discuss the regulation of SOS1 during phosphorylation activation by protein kinase and the balance mechanism of inhibiting SOS1 antiporter at molecular and protein levels. In addition, we carried out phylogenetic tree analysis of SOS1 proteins reported so far in plants, which implied the specificity of salt tolerance mechanism from model plants to higher crops under salt stress. Finally, the high complexity of the regulatory network of adaptation to salt tolerance, and the feasibility of coping strategies in the process of genetic improvement of salt tolerance quality of higher crops were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xie
- National Innovation Center for Technology of Saline-Alkaline Tolerant Rice/College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biotechnology of Salt Tolerant Crops/School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biotechnology of Salt Tolerant Crops/School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- National Innovation Center for Technology of Saline-Alkaline Tolerant Rice/College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biotechnology of Salt Tolerant Crops/School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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23
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Abideen Z, Hanif M, Munir N, Nielsen BL. Impact of Nanomaterials on the Regulation of Gene Expression and Metabolomics of Plants under Salt Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11050691. [PMID: 35270161 PMCID: PMC8912827 DOI: 10.3390/plants11050691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant salinity resistance results from a combination of responses at the physiological, molecular, cellular, and metabolic levels. This article focuses on plant stress tolerance mechanisms for controlling ion homeostasis, stress signaling, hormone metabolism, anti-oxidative enzymes, and osmotic balance after nanoparticle applications. Nanoparticles are used as an emerging tool to stimulate specific biochemical reactions related to plant ecophysiological output because of their small size, increased surface area and absorption rate, efficient catalysis of reactions, and adequate reactive sites. Regulated ecophysiological control in saline environments could play a crucial role in plant growth promotion and survival of plants under suboptimal conditions. Plant biologists are seeking to develop a broad profile of genes and proteins that contribute to plant salt resistance. These plant metabolic profiles can be developed due to advancements in genomic, proteomic, metabolomic, and transcriptomic techniques. In order to quantify plant stress responses, transmembrane ion transport, sensors and receptors in signaling transduction, and metabolites involved in the energy supply require thorough study. In addition, more research is needed on the plant salinity stress response based on molecular interactions in response to nanoparticle treatment. The application of nanoparticles as an aspect of genetic engineering for the generation of salt-tolerant plants is a promising area of research. This review article addresses the use of nanoparticles in plant breeding and genetic engineering techniques to develop salt-tolerant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainul Abideen
- Dr. Muhammad Ajmal Khan Institute of Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan;
| | - Maria Hanif
- Department of Biotechnology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Neelma Munir
- Department of Biotechnology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
- Correspondence: (N.M.); (B.L.N.)
| | - Brent L. Nielsen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
- Correspondence: (N.M.); (B.L.N.)
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24
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Dave A, Agarwal P, Agarwal PK. Mechanism of high affinity potassium transporter (HKT) towards improved crop productivity in saline agricultural lands. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:51. [PMID: 35127306 PMCID: PMC8795266 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-03092-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycophytic plants are susceptible to salinity and their growth is hampered in more than 40 mM of salt. Salinity not only affects crop yield but also limits available land for farming by decreasing its fertility. Presence of distinct traits in response to environmental conditions might result in evolutionary adaptations. A better understanding of salinity tolerance through a comprehensive study of how Na+ is transported will help in the development of plants with improved salinity tolerance and might lead to increased yield of crops growing in strenuous environment. Ion transporters play pivotal role in salt homeostasis and maintain low cytotoxic effect in the cell. High-affinity potassium transporters are the critical class of integral membrane proteins found in plants. It mainly functions to remove excess Na+ from the transpiration stream to prevent sodium toxicity in the salt-sensitive shoot and leaf tissues. However, there are large number of HKT proteins expressed in plants, and it is possible that these members perform in a wide range of functions. Understanding their mechanism and functions will aid in further manipulation and genetic transformation of different crops. This review focuses on current knowledge of ion selectivity and molecular mechanisms controlling HKT gene expression. The current review highlights the mechanism of different HKT transporters from different plant sources and how this knowledge could prove as a valuable tool to improve crop productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Dave
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364 002 India ,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Parinita Agarwal
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364 002 India
| | - Pradeep K. Agarwal
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364 002 India ,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
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25
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Guo J, Shan C, Zhang Y, Wang X, Tian H, Han G, Zhang Y, Wang B. Mechanisms of Salt Tolerance and Molecular Breeding of Salt-Tolerant Ornamental Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:854116. [PMID: 35574092 PMCID: PMC9093713 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.854116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
As the area of salinized soils increases, and freshwater becomes more scarcer worldwide, an urgent measure for agricultural production is to use salinized land and conserve freshwater resources. Ornamental flowering plants, such as carnations, roses, chrysanthemums, and gerberas, are found around the world and have high economic, ornamental, ecological, and edible value. It is therefore prudent to improve the salt tolerance of these important horticultural crops. Here, we summarize the salt-adaptive mechanisms, genes, and molecular breeding of ornamental flowering crops. We also review the genome editing technologies that provide us with the means to obtain novel varieties with high salinity tolerance and improved utility value, and discuss future directions of research into ornamental plants like salt exclusion mechanism. We considered that the salt exclusion mechanism in ornamental flowering plants, the acquisition of flowers with high quality and novel color under salinity condition through gene editing techniques should be focused on for the future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, China
- *Correspondence: Jianrong Guo,
| | - Changdan Shan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, China
| | - Xinlei Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, China
| | - Huaying Tian
- College of Forestry Engineering, Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Ji’nan, China
| | - Guoliang Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, China
| | - Baoshan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, China
- Baoshan Wang,
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26
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Malakar P, Chattopadhyay D. Adaptation of plants to salt stress: the role of the ion transporters. JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 30:668-683. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s13562-021-00741-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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27
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Saddhe AA, Mishra AK, Kumar K. Molecular insights into the role of plant transporters in salt stress response. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:1481-1494. [PMID: 33963568 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress disturbs the cellular osmotic and ionic balance, which then creates a negative impact on plant growth and development. The Na+ and Cl- ions can enter into plant cells through various membrane transporters, including specific and non-specific Na+ , K+ , and Ca2+ transporters. Therefore, it is important to understand Na+ and K+ transport mechanisms in plants along with the isolation of genes, their characterization, the structural features, and their post-translation regulation under salt stress. This review summarizes the molecular insights of plant ion transporters, including non-selective cation transporters, cyclic nucleotide-gated cation transporters, glutamate-like receptors, membrane intrinsic proteins, cation proton antiporters, and sodium proton antiporter families. Further, we discussed the K+ transporter families such as high-affinity K+ transporters, HAK/KUP/KT transporters, shaker type K+ transporters, and K+ efflux antiporters. Besides the ion transport process, we have shed light on available literature on epigenetic regulation of transport processes under salt stress. Recent advancements of salt stress sensing mechanisms and various salt sensors within signaling transduction pathways are discussed. Further, we have compiled salt-stress signaling pathways, and their crosstalk with phytohormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankush Ashok Saddhe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus, Goa, 403726, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Mishra
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Kundan Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus, Goa, 403726, India
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28
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El-Dakak R, El-Aggan W, Badr G, Helaly A, Tammam A. Positive Salt Tolerance Modulation via Vermicompost Regulation of SOS1 Gene Expression and Antioxidant Homeostasis in Viciafaba Plant. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112477. [PMID: 34834839 PMCID: PMC8621451 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Strategic implementation of vermicompost as safe biofertilizer besides defensing saline soils offer dual function solving problems in developing countries. The current study aims to utilize vermicompost (VC) for amelioration of 200mM NaCl in Vicia faba Aspani cultivar and investigate the molecular role of salt overly sensitive pathway (SOS1). The experiment was conducted following a completely randomized design with three replicates. Treatments include 0; 2.5; 5; 10; 15% dried VC intermingled with soil mixture (clay: sand; 1:2) and/or 200 mM NaCl. The results show that salinity stress decreased broad bean fresh and dry weight; and K+/Na+. However, malonedialdehyde and H2O2 contents; increased. Application of 10% VC and salinity stress increases Ca2+ (41% and 50%), K+/Na+ (125% and 89%), Mg2+ (25% and 36%), N (8% and 11%), indole acetic acid (70% and 152%) and proteins (9% and 13%) for root and shoot, respectively, in comparison to salt treated pots. Moreover, all examined enzymatic antioxidants and their substrates increased, except glutathione reductase. A parallel decrease in abscisic acid (75% and 29%) and proline (59% and 58%) was also recorded for roots and leaves, respectively. Interestingly, the highly significant increase in gene expression of SOS1 (45-fold) could drive defense machinery of broad bean to counteract 200 mM NaCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab El-Dakak
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt; (W.E.-A.); (A.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Weam El-Aggan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt; (W.E.-A.); (A.T.)
| | - Ghadah Badr
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Elmergib University, Al Khums P.O. Box 40414, Libya;
| | - Amira Helaly
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt;
| | - Amel Tammam
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt; (W.E.-A.); (A.T.)
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Progressive Genomic Approaches to Explore Drought- and Salt-Induced Oxidative Stress Responses in Plants under Changing Climate. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10091910. [PMID: 34579441 PMCID: PMC8471759 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Drought and salinity are the major environmental abiotic stresses that negatively impact crop development and yield. To improve yields under abiotic stress conditions, drought- and salinity-tolerant crops are key to support world crop production and mitigate the demand of the growing world population. Nevertheless, plant responses to abiotic stresses are highly complex and controlled by networks of genetic and ecological factors that are the main targets of crop breeding programs. Several genomics strategies are employed to improve crop productivity under abiotic stress conditions, but traditional techniques are not sufficient to prevent stress-related losses in productivity. Within the last decade, modern genomics studies have advanced our capabilities of improving crop genetics, especially those traits relevant to abiotic stress management. This review provided updated and comprehensive knowledge concerning all possible combinations of advanced genomics tools and the gene regulatory network of reactive oxygen species homeostasis for the appropriate planning of future breeding programs, which will assist sustainable crop production under salinity and drought conditions.
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30
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Gupta BK, Sahoo KK, Anwar K, Nongpiur RC, Deshmukh R, Pareek A, Singla-Pareek SL. Silicon nutrition stimulates Salt-Overly Sensitive (SOS) pathway to enhance salinity stress tolerance and yield in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 166:593-604. [PMID: 34186283 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In rice (Oryza sativa), Si nutrition is known to improve salinity tolerance; however, limited efforts have been made to elucidate the underlying mechanism. Salt-Overly Sensitive (SOS) pathway contributes to salinity tolerance in plants in a major way which works primarily through Na+ exclusion from the cytosol. SOS1, a vital component of SOS pathway is a Na+/H+ antiporter that maintains ion homeostasis. In this study, we evaluated the effect of overexpression of Oryza sativa SOS1 (OsSOS1) in tobacco (cv. Petit Havana) and rice (cv. IR64) for modulating its response towards salinity further exploring its correlation with Si nutrition. OsSOS1 transgenic tobacco plants showed enhanced tolerance to salinity as evident by its high chlorophyll content and maintaining favorable ion homeostasis under salinity stress. Similarly, transgenic rice overexpressing OsSOS1 also showed improved salinity stress tolerance as shown by higher seed germination percentage, seedling survival and low Na+ accumulation under salinity stress. At their mature stage, compared with the non-transgenic plants, the transgenic rice plants showed better growth and maintained better photosynthetic efficiency with reduced chlorophyll loss under stress. Also, roots of transgenic rice plants showed reduced accumulation of Na+ leading to reduced oxidative damage and cell death under salinity stress which ultimately resulted in improved agronomic traits such as higher number of panicles and fertile spikelets per panicle. Si nutrition was found to improve the growth of salinity stressed OsSOS1 rice by upregulating the expression of Si transporters (Lsi1 and Lsi2) that leads to more uptake and accumulation of Si in the rice shoots. Metabolite profiling showed better stress regulatory machinery in the transgenic rice, since they maintained higher abundance of most of the osmolytes and free amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brijesh K Gupta
- Plant Stress Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Khirod K Sahoo
- Plant Stress Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Khalid Anwar
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Ramsong C Nongpiur
- Plant Stress Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India.
| | - Ashwani Pareek
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India; National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India.
| | - Sneh L Singla-Pareek
- Plant Stress Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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31
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Tang X, Zhang H, Shabala S, Li H, Yang X, Zhang H. Tissue tolerance mechanisms conferring salinity tolerance in a halophytic perennial species Nitraria sibirica Pall. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:1264-1277. [PMID: 33367891 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant salt tolerance relies on a coordinated functioning of different tissues and organs. Salinity tissue tolerance is one of the key traits that confer plant adaptation to saline environment. This trait implies maintenance low cytosolic Na+/K+ ratio in metabolically active cellular compartments. In this study, we used Nitraria sibirica Pall., a perennial woody halophyte species, to understand the mechanistic basis of its salinity tissue tolerance. The results showed that the growth of seedlings was stimulated by 100-200 mM NaCl treatment. The ions distribution analysis showed that the leaves act as an Na+ sink, while the plant roots possess superior K+ retention. The excessive Na+ absorbed from the soil was mainly transported to the shoot and was eventuallysequestrated into mesophyll vacuoles in the leaves. As a result, N. sibirica could keep the optimal balance of K+/Na+ at a tissue- and cell-specific level under saline condition. To enable this, N. sibirica increased both vacuolar H+-ATPase and H+-PPase enzymes activities and up-regulated the expressions of NsVHA, NsVP1 and NsNHX1 genes. Vacuolar Na+ sequestration in the leaf mesophyll, mediated by NsVHA, NsVP1 and NsNHX1, reduced the Na+ concentration in cytosol and inhibited further K+ loss. Meanwhile, N. sibirica enhanced the Two Pore K+ expression at the transcriptional level to promote K+ efflux from vacuole into cytoplasm, assisting in maintaining cytosolic K+ homeostasis. It is concluded that the tissue tolerance traits such as vacuolar Na+ sequestration and intracellular K+ homeostasis are critical to confer adaptation of N. sibirica to soil salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Tang
- Research Center of Saline and Alkali Land of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 10091, China
| | - Huilong Zhang
- Research Center of Saline and Alkali Land of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 10091, China
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Huanyong Li
- Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xiuyan Yang
- Research Center of Saline and Alkali Land of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 10091, China
| | - Huaxin Zhang
- Research Center of Saline and Alkali Land of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 10091, China
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32
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Ali A, Raddatz N, Pardo JM, Yun D. HKT sodium and potassium transporters in Arabidopsis thaliana and related halophyte species. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 171:546-558. [PMID: 32652584 PMCID: PMC8048799 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
High salinity induces osmotic stress and often leads to sodium ion-specific toxicity, with inhibitory effects on physiological, biochemical and developmental pathways. To cope with increased Na+ in soil water, plants restrict influx, compartmentalize ions into vacuoles, export excess Na+ from the cell, and distribute ions between the aerial and root organs. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of how high-affinity K+ transporters (HKT) contribute to salinity tolerance, focusing on HKT1-like family members primarily involved in long-distance transport, and in the recent research in the model plant Arabidopsis and its halophytic counterparts of the Eutrema genus. Functional characterization of the salt overly sensitive (SOS) pathway and HKT1-type transporters in these species indicate that they utilize similar approaches to deal with salinity, regardless of their tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhtar Ali
- Institute of Glocal Disease ControlKonkuk UniversitySeoul05029South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science & EngineeringKonkuk UniversitySeoul05029South Korea
| | - Natalia Raddatz
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, cicCartuja, CSIC‐Universidad de SevillaAmerico Vespucio 49, Sevilla41092Spain
| | - Jose M. Pardo
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, cicCartuja, CSIC‐Universidad de SevillaAmerico Vespucio 49, Sevilla41092Spain
| | - Dae‐Jin Yun
- Department of Biomedical Science & EngineeringKonkuk UniversitySeoul05029South Korea
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33
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Basu S, Kumar A, Benazir I, Kumar G. Reassessing the role of ion homeostasis for improving salinity tolerance in crop plants. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 171:502-519. [PMID: 32320060 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is a constraint for major agricultural crops leading to severe yield loss, which may increase with the changing climatic conditions. Disruption in the cellular ionic homeostasis is one of the primary responses induced by elevated sodium ions (Na+ ). Therefore, unraveling the mechanism of Na+ uptake and transport in plants along with the characterization of the candidate genes facilitating ion homeostasis is obligatory for enhancing salinity tolerance in crops. This review summarizes the current advances in understanding the ion homeostasis mechanism in crop plants, emphasizing the role of transporters involved in the regulation of cytosolic Na+ level along with the conservation of K+ /Na+ ratio. Furthermore, expression profiles of the candidate genes for ion homeostasis were also explored under various developmental stages and tissues of Oryza sativa based on the publicly available microarray data. The review also gives an up-to-date summary on the efforts to increase salinity tolerance in crops by manipulating selected stress-associated genes. Overall, this review gives a combined view on both the ionomic and molecular background of salt stress tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahana Basu
- Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, India
| | - Alok Kumar
- Department of Life Science, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, 824236, India
| | - Ibtesham Benazir
- Department of Life Science, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, 824236, India
| | - Gautam Kumar
- Department of Life Science, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, 824236, India
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Chen X, Ding Y, Yang Y, Song C, Wang B, Yang S, Guo Y, Gong Z. Protein kinases in plant responses to drought, salt, and cold stress. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:53-78. [PMID: 33399265 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinases are major players in various signal transduction pathways. Understanding the molecular mechanisms behind plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses has become critical for developing and breeding climate-resilient crops. In this review, we summarize recent progress on understanding plant drought, salt, and cold stress responses, with a focus on signal perception and transduction by different protein kinases, especially sucrose nonfermenting1 (SNF1)-related protein kinases (SnRKs), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades, calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs/CPKs), and receptor-like kinases (RLKs). We also discuss future challenges in these research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yanglin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yongqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chunpeng Song
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Crop Stress Biology, Henan Province, Institute of Plant Stress Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Baoshan Wang
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250000, China
| | - Shuhua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhizhong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Institute of Life Science and Green Development, School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071001, China
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35
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Neang S, Goto I, Skoulding NS, Cartagena JA, Kano-Nakata M, Yamauchi A, Mitsuya S. Tissue-specific expression analysis of Na + and Cl - transporter genes associated with salt removal ability in rice leaf sheath. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:502. [PMID: 33143652 PMCID: PMC7607675 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02718-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A significant mechanism of salt-tolerance in rice is the ability to remove Na+ and Cl- in the leaf sheath, which limits the entry of these toxic ions into the leaf blade. The leaf sheath removes Na+ mainly in the basal parts, and Cl- mainly in the apical parts. These ions are unloaded from the xylem vessels in the peripheral part and sequestered into the fundamental parenchyma cells at the central part of the leaf sheath. RESULTS This study aimed to identify associated Na+ and Cl- transporter genes with this salt removal ability in the leaf sheath of rice variety FL 478. From 21 known candidate Na+ and Cl- transporter rice genes, we determined the salt responsiveness of the expression of these genes in the basal and apical parts, where Na+ or Cl- ions were highly accumulated under salinity. We also compared the expression levels of these transporter genes between the peripheral and central parts of leaf sheaths. The expression of 8 Na+ transporter genes and 3 Cl- transporter genes was up-regulated in the basal and apical parts of leaf sheaths under salinity. Within these genes, OsHKT1;5 and OsSLAH1 were expressed highly in the peripheral part, indicating the involvement of these genes in Na+ and Cl- unloading from xylem vessels. OsNHX2, OsNHX3, OsNPF2.4 were expressed highly in the central part, which suggests that these genes may function in sequestration of Na+ and Cl- in fundamental parenchyma cells in the central part of leaf sheaths under salinity. Furthermore, high expression levels of 4 candidate genes under salinity were associated with the genotypic variation of salt removal ability in the leaf sheath. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the salt removal ability in rice leaf sheath may be regulated by expressing various Na+ or Cl- transporter genes tissue-specifically in peripheral and central parts. Moreover, some genes were identified as candidates whose expression levels were associated with the genotypic variation of salt removal ability in the leaf sheath. These findings will enhance the understanding of the molecular mechanism of salt removal ability in rice leaf sheath, which is useful for breeding salt-tolerant rice varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarin Neang
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Itsuki Goto
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | | | - Joyce A Cartagena
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Mana Kano-Nakata
- International Center for Research and Education in Agriculture, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Akira Yamauchi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Shiro Mitsuya
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
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36
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Szepesi Á. Halotropism: Phytohormonal Aspects and Potential Applications. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:571025. [PMID: 33042187 PMCID: PMC7527526 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.571025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Halotropism is a sodium specific tropic movement of roots in order to obtain the optimal salt concentration for proper growth and development. Numerous results suggest that halotropic events are under the control and regulation of complex plant hormone pathway. This minireview collects some recent evidences about sodium sensing during halotropism and the hormonal regulation of halotropic responses in glycophytes. The precise hormonal mechanisms by which halophytes plant roots perceive salt stress and translate this perception into adaptive, directional growth forward increased salt concentrations are not well understood. This minireview aims to gather recently deciphered information about halotropism focusing potential hormonal aspects both in glycophytes and halophytes. Advances in our understanding of halotropic responses in different plant species could help these plants to be used for sustainable agriculture and other future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágnes Szepesi
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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37
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Transcriptomic profile analysis of the halophyte Suaeda rigida response and tolerance under NaCl stress. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15148. [PMID: 32939003 PMCID: PMC7494938 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71529-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Suaeda rigida is a lignified, true haplotype that predominantly grows in the Tarim basin, China. It has significant economic and ecological value. Herein, with aim to determine the genes associated with salt tolerance, transcriptome sequencing was performed on its stem, leaves and root over three set NaCl gradients regimens at treatment intervals of 3 h and 5 days. From our findings, we identified 829,095 unigenes, with 331,394 being successfully matched to at least one annotation database. In roots, under 3 h treatment, no up-regulated DEGs were identified in 100 and 500 mM NaCl treated samples. Under 5 days treatment, 97, 60 and 242 up-regulated DEGs were identified in 100, 300, 500 mM NaCl treated samples, respectively. We identified 50, 22 and 255 down-regulated DEGs in 100, 300, 500 mM NaCl treated samples, respectively. GO biological process enrichment analysis established that down-regulated DEGs were associated with nitrogen compound transport, organic substance transport and intracellular protein transport while the up-regulated genes were enriched in cell wall biogenesis, such as plant-type cell wall biogenesis, cell wall assembly, extracellular matrix organization and plant-type cell wall organization. These findings provide valuable knowledge on genes associated with salt tolerance of Suaeda rigida, and can be applied in other downstream haplotype studies.
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38
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Zhao C, Zhang H, Song C, Zhu JK, Shabala S. Mechanisms of Plant Responses and Adaptation to Soil Salinity. Innovation (N Y) 2020; 1:100017. [PMID: 34557705 PMCID: PMC8454569 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2020.100017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil salinity is a major environmental stress that restricts the growth and yield of crops. Understanding the physiological, metabolic, and biochemical responses of plants to salt stress and mining the salt tolerance-associated genetic resource in nature will be extremely important for us to cultivate salt-tolerant crops. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the mechanisms of salt stress responses in plants, including salt stress-triggered physiological responses, oxidative stress, salt stress sensing and signaling pathways, organellar stress, ion homeostasis, hormonal and gene expression regulation, metabolic changes, as well as salt tolerance mechanisms in halophytes. Important questions regarding salt tolerance that need to be addressed in the future are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunzhao Zhao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chunpeng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Sergey Shabala
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
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39
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Qi Y, Gu C, Wang X, Gao S, Li C, Zhao C, Li C, Ma C, Zhang Q. Identification of the Eutrema salsugineum EsMYB90 gene important for anthocyanin biosynthesis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:186. [PMID: 32345216 PMCID: PMC7189703 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02391-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthocyanins contribute to coloration and antioxidation effects in different plant tissues. MYB transcription factors have been demonstrated to be a key regulator for anthocyanin synthesis in many plants. However, little information was available about the MYB genes in the halophyte species Eutrema salsugineum. RESULT Here we report the identification of an important anthocyanin biosynthesis regulator EsMYB90 from Eutrema salsugineum, which is a halophyte tolerant to multiple abiotic stresses. Our phylogenetic and localization analyses supported that EsMYB90 is an R2R3 type of MYB transcription factor. Ectopic expression of EsMYB90 in tobacco and Arabidopsis enhanced pigmentation and anthocyanin accumulation in various organs. The transcriptome analysis revealed that 42 genes upregulated by EsMYB90 in 35S:EsMYB90 tobacco transgenic plants are required for anthocyanin biosynthesis. Moreover, our qRT-PCR results showed that EsMYB90 promoted expression of early (PAL, CHS, and CHI) and late (DFR, ANS, and UFGT) anthocyanin biosynthesis genes in stems, leaves, and flowers of 35S:EsMYB90 tobacco transgenic plants. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that EsMYB90 is a MYB transcription factor, which regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis genes to control anthocyanin biosynthesis. Our work provides a new tool to enhance anthocyanin production in various plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Qi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Caihong Gu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Xingjun Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Shiqing Gao
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, The Municipal Key Laboratory of the Molecular Genetics of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Changsheng Li
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Chuanzhi Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Chuanshun Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Changle Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
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40
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Qi Y, Gu C, Wang X, Gao S, Li C, Zhao C, Li C, Ma C, Zhang Q. Identification of the Eutrema salsugineum EsMYB90 gene important for anthocyanin biosynthesis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:186. [PMID: 32345216 DOI: 10.21203/rs.2.18301/v3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthocyanins contribute to coloration and antioxidation effects in different plant tissues. MYB transcription factors have been demonstrated to be a key regulator for anthocyanin synthesis in many plants. However, little information was available about the MYB genes in the halophyte species Eutrema salsugineum. RESULT Here we report the identification of an important anthocyanin biosynthesis regulator EsMYB90 from Eutrema salsugineum, which is a halophyte tolerant to multiple abiotic stresses. Our phylogenetic and localization analyses supported that EsMYB90 is an R2R3 type of MYB transcription factor. Ectopic expression of EsMYB90 in tobacco and Arabidopsis enhanced pigmentation and anthocyanin accumulation in various organs. The transcriptome analysis revealed that 42 genes upregulated by EsMYB90 in 35S:EsMYB90 tobacco transgenic plants are required for anthocyanin biosynthesis. Moreover, our qRT-PCR results showed that EsMYB90 promoted expression of early (PAL, CHS, and CHI) and late (DFR, ANS, and UFGT) anthocyanin biosynthesis genes in stems, leaves, and flowers of 35S:EsMYB90 tobacco transgenic plants. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that EsMYB90 is a MYB transcription factor, which regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis genes to control anthocyanin biosynthesis. Our work provides a new tool to enhance anthocyanin production in various plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Qi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Caihong Gu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Xingjun Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Shiqing Gao
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, The Municipal Key Laboratory of the Molecular Genetics of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Changsheng Li
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Chuanzhi Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Chuanshun Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Changle Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
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41
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Yin X, Xia Y, Xie Q, Cao Y, Wang Z, Hao G, Song J, Zhou Y, Jiang X. The protein kinase complex CBL10-CIPK8-SOS1 functions in Arabidopsis to regulate salt tolerance. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:1801-1814. [PMID: 31858132 PMCID: PMC7242078 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Salt tolerance in plants is mediated by Na+ extrusion from the cytosol by the plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter SOS1. This is activated in Arabidopsis root by the protein kinase complex SOS2-SOS3 and in Arabidopsis shoot by the protein kinase complex CBL10-SOS2, with SOS2 as a key node in the two pathways. The sos1 mutant is more sensitive than the sos2 mutant, suggesting that other partners may positively regulate SOS1 activity. Arabidopsis has 26 CIPK family proteins of which CIPK8 is the closest homolog to SOS2. It is hypothesized that CIPK8 can activate Na+ extrusion by SOS1 similarly to SOS2. The plasma membrane Na+/H+ exchange activity of transgenic yeast co-expressing CBL10, CIPK8, and SOS1 was higher than that of untransformed and SOS1 transgenic yeast, resulting in a lower Na+ accumulation and a better growth phenotype under salinity. However, CIPK8 could not interact with SOS3, and the co-expression of SOS3, CIPK8, and SOS1 in yeast did not confer a significant salt tolerance phenotype relative to SOS1 transgenic yeast. Interestingly, cipk8 displayed a slower Na+ efflux, a higher Na+ level, and a more sensitive phenotype than wild-type Arabidopsis, but grew better than sos2 under salinity stress. As expected, sos2cipk8 exhibited a more severe salt damage phenotype relative to cipk8 or sos2. Overexpression of CIPK8 in both cipk8 and sos2cipk8 attenuated the salt sensitivity phenotype. These results suggest that CIPK8-mediated activation of SOS1 is CBL10-dependent and SOS3-independent, indicating that CIPK8 and SOS2 activity in shoots is sufficient for regulating Arabidopsis salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochang Yin
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources/Hainan Key Laboratory for Biotechnology of Salt Tolerant Crops/Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- School of Life Science, Taishan Medical University, Tai’an, China
| | - Youquan Xia
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources/Hainan Key Laboratory for Biotechnology of Salt Tolerant Crops/Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Qing Xie
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources/Hainan Key Laboratory for Biotechnology of Salt Tolerant Crops/Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yuxin Cao
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources/Hainan Key Laboratory for Biotechnology of Salt Tolerant Crops/Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources/Hainan Key Laboratory for Biotechnology of Salt Tolerant Crops/Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Gangping Hao
- School of Life Science, Taishan Medical University, Tai’an, China
| | - Jie Song
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Stress/College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources/Hainan Key Laboratory for Biotechnology of Salt Tolerant Crops/Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Correspondence: or
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources/Hainan Key Laboratory for Biotechnology of Salt Tolerant Crops/Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Correspondence: or
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Marriboina S, Attipalli RR. Optimization of hydroponic growth system and Na +-fluorescence measurements for tree species Pongamia pinnata (L.) pierre. MethodsX 2020; 7:100809. [PMID: 32195132 PMCID: PMC7078427 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2020.100809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Domestication and cultivation of tree species, such as Pongamia pinnata is quite important because of its biofuel properties. Seedlings grown in modified hydroponic culture were morphologically similar to that of soil grown seedlings. Further, seedlings were allowed to grow without root limitation. Comparatively, our modified hydroponic growth system can be performed with minimal resources. Prior incubated root segments with CoroNa-Green AM dye retained maximum amount of dye when compared to CoroNa-Green AM dye incubated sections. Our modified protocol provides quantitative analysis of 2D and 3D imaging process at cellular and sub-cellular level.•Our protocol is customized to study individual plant behavior.•Additionally, it is customized for growing tap rooted trees species hydroponically. Changing the nutrient solution with regular intervals provides continuous supply of nutrients to the plants.•Prior incubation of root segments with Na+ probe (CoroNa-Green AM) provides better resolution in imaging process. Additionally, both 2D and 3D imaging provides a means to acquire and analyze entirety of the sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sureshbabu Marriboina
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Ramachandra Reddy Attipalli
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
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Solis CA, Yong MT, Vinarao R, Jena K, Holford P, Shabala L, Zhou M, Shabala S, Chen ZH. Back to the Wild: On a Quest for Donors Toward Salinity Tolerant Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:323. [PMID: 32265970 PMCID: PMC7098918 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Salinity stress affects global food producing areas by limiting both crop growth and yield. Attempts to develop salinity-tolerant rice varieties have had limited success due to the complexity of the salinity tolerance trait, high variation in the stress response and a lack of available donors for candidate genes for cultivated rice. As a result, finding suitable donors of genes and traits for salinity tolerance has become a major bottleneck in breeding for salinity tolerant crops. Twenty-two wild Oryza relatives have been recognized as important genetic resources for quantitatively inherited traits such as resistance and/or tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses. In this review, we discuss the challenges and opportunities of such an approach by critically analyzing evolutionary, ecological, genetic, and physiological aspects of Oryza species. We argue that the strategy of rice breeding for better Na+ exclusion employed for the last few decades has reached a plateau and cannot deliver any further improvement in salinity tolerance in this species. This calls for a paradigm shift in rice breeding and more efforts toward targeting mechanisms of the tissue tolerance and a better utilization of the potential of wild rice where such traits are already present. We summarize the differences in salinity stress adaptation amongst cultivated and wild Oryza relatives and identify several key traits that should be targeted in future breeding programs. This includes: (1) efficient sequestration of Na+ in mesophyll cell vacuoles, with a strong emphasis on control of tonoplast leak channels; (2) more efficient control of xylem ion loading; (3) efficient cytosolic K+ retention in both root and leaf mesophyll cells; and (4) incorporating Na+ sequestration in trichrome. We conclude that while amongst all wild relatives, O. rufipogon is arguably a best source of germplasm at the moment, genes and traits from the wild relatives, O. coarctata, O. latifolia, and O. alta, should be targeted in future genetic programs to develop salt tolerant cultivated rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celymar A. Solis
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Miing T. Yong
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Ricky Vinarao
- International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Kshirod Jena
- International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Paul Holford
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Lana Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Meixue Zhou
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
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Theerawitaya C, Tisarum R, Samphumphuang T, Takabe T, Cha-um S. Expression levels of the Na +/K + transporter OsHKT2;1 and vacuolar Na +/H + exchanger OsNHX1, Na enrichment, maintaining the photosynthetic abilities and growth performances of indica rice seedlings under salt stress. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 26:513-523. [PMID: 32205927 PMCID: PMC7078393 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-020-00769-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Salt affected soil inhibits plant growth, development and productivity, especially in case of rice crop. Ion homeostasis is a candidate defense mechanism in the salt tolerant plants or halophyte species, where the salt toxic ions are stored in the vacuoles. The aim of this investigation was to determine the OsNHX1 (a vacuolar Na+/H+ exchanger) and OsHKT2;1 (Na+/K+ transporter) regulation by salt stress (200 mM NaCl) in two rice cultivars, i.e. Pokkali (salt tolerant) and IR29 (salt susceptible), the accumulation of Na+ in the root and leaf tissues using CoroNa Green® staining dye and the associated physiological changes in test plants. Na+ content was largely increased in the root tissues of rice seedlings cv. Pokkali (15 min after salt stress) due to the higher expression of OsHKT2;1 gene (by 2.5 folds) in the root tissues. The expression of OsNHX1 gene in the leaf tissues was evidently increased in salt stressed seedlings of Pokkali, whereas it was unchanged in salt stressed seedlings of IR29. Na+ in the root tissues of both Pokkali and IR29 was enriched, when subjected to 200 mM NaCl for 12 h and easily detected in the leaf tissues of salt stressed plants exposed for 24 h, especially in cv. Pokkali. Moreover, the overexpression of OsNHX1 gene regulated the translocation of Na+ from root to leaf tissues, and compartmentation of Na+ into vacuoles, thereby maintaining the photosynthetic abilities in cv. Pokkali. Overall growth performance, maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm), photon yield of PSII (ΦPSII) and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) was improved in salt stressed leaves of Pokkali than those in salt stressed IR29.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cattarin Theerawitaya
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Paholyothin Rd., Khlong Nuang, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
| | - Rujira Tisarum
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Paholyothin Rd., Khlong Nuang, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
| | - Thapanee Samphumphuang
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Paholyothin Rd., Khlong Nuang, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
| | - Taruhiro Takabe
- Research Institute Meijo University, 1-501 Shiogamagushi, Tenpaku-ku, Nagoya, 468-8502 Japan
| | - Suriyan Cha-um
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Paholyothin Rd., Khlong Nuang, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
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Ahmadi J, Pour-Aboughadareh A, Fabriki Ourang S, Khalili P, Poczai P. Unraveling salinity stress responses in ancestral and neglected wheat species at early growth stage: A baseline for utilization in future wheat improvement programs. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 26:537-549. [PMID: 32205929 PMCID: PMC7078426 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-020-00768-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed the behavior of several neglected, ancestral, and domesticated wheat genotypes, including Ae. triuncialis, Ae. neglecta, Ae. caudata, Ae. umbellulata, Ae. tauschii, Ae. speltoides, T. boeoticum, T. urartu, T. durum, and T. aestivum under control and salinity stress to assess the mechanisms involved in salinity tolerance. Physiological and biochemical traits including root/shoot biomasses, root/shoot ion concentrations, activity of antioxidant enzymes APX, SOD, and GXP, and the relative expression of TaHKT1;5, TaSOS1, APX, GXP, and MnSOD genes were measured. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant effects of the salinity treatments and genotypes for all evaluated traits. Salinity stress (350 mM NaCl) significantly decreased root/shoot biomasses, K+ concentration in root/shoot, and root/shoot K+/Na+ ratios. In contrast, salinity stress significantly increased Na+ concentration in root and shoot, activity of antioxidant enzymes (APX, SOD, and GPX) and relative expression of salt tolerance-related genes (TaHKT1;5, TaSOS1, APX, GPX, and MnSOD). Based on heat map and principal component analysis, the relationships among physiological traits and relative expression of salt-responsive genes were investigated. Remarkably, we observed a significant association between the relative expression of TaHKT1;5 with root K+ concentration and K+/Na+ ratio and with TaSOS1. Taken together, our study revealed that two neglected (Ae. triuncialis) and ancestral (Ae. tauschii) wheat genotypes responded better to salinity stress than other genotypes. Further molecular tasks are therefore essential to specify the pathways linked with salinity tolerance in these genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Ahmadi
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Postal Code: 34148 - 96818 Iran
| | - Alireza Pour-Aboughadareh
- Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Fabriki Ourang
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Postal Code: 34148 - 96818 Iran
| | - Pezhman Khalili
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Postal Code: 34148 - 96818 Iran
| | - Peter Poczai
- Botany Unit, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 7, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Xu Y, Jiao X, Wang X, Zhang H, Wang B, Yuan F. Importin-β From the Recretohalophyte Limonium bicolor Enhances Salt Tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana by Reducing Root Hair Development and Abscisic Acid Sensitivity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:582459. [PMID: 33519843 PMCID: PMC7838111 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.582459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To elucidate the genetics underlying salt tolerance in recretohalophytes and assess its relevance to non-halophytes, we cloned the Limonium bicolor homolog of Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) SUPER SENSITIVE TO ABA AND DROUGHT2 (AtSAD2) and named it LbSAD2, an importin-β gene associated with trichome initiation and reduced abscisic acid (ABA) sensitivity, and then we assessed the heterologously expressed LbSAD2 in Arabidopsis. METHODS We examined LbSAD2 expression and assessed the effect of heterologous LbSAD2 expression in Arabidopsis on root hair/trichome induction; the expression levels of possible related genes in trichome/root hair development; some physiological parameters involved in salt tolerance including germination rate, root length, and contents of Na+, proline, and malondialdehyde; and the response of ABA at the germination stage. RESULTS The LbSAD2 gene is highly expressed in the salt gland development stage and salt treatment, especially located in the salt gland by in situ hybridization, and the LbSAD2 protein contains some special domains compared with AtSAD2, which may suggest the involvement of LbSAD2 in salt tolerance. Compared with the SAD2/GL1 mutant CS65878, which lacks trichomes, CS65878-35S:LbSAD2 had higher trichome abundance but lower root hair abundance. Under 100 mM NaCl treatment, CS65878-35S:LbSAD2 showed enhanced germination and root lengths; improved physiological parameters, including high proline and low contents of Na+ and malondialdehyde; higher expression of the salt-tolerance genes Δ1-PYRROLINE-5-CARBOXYLATE SYNTHETASE 1 (P5CS1) and GST CLASS TAU 5 (GSTU5); reduced ABA sensitivity; and increased expression of the ABA signaling genes RESPONSIVE TO ABA 18 (RAB18) and SNF1-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE 2 (SRK2E), but not of the ABA biosynthesis gene 9-CIS-EPOXYCAROTENOID DIOXYGENASE 3 (NCED3). CONCLUSION LbSAD2 enhances salt tolerance in Arabidopsis by specifically reducing root hair development, Na+ accumulation, and ABA sensitivity.
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Essemine J, Lyu MJA, Qu M, Perveen S, Khan N, Song Q, Chen G, Zhu XG. Contrasting Responses of Plastid Terminal Oxidase Activity Under Salt Stress in Two C 4 Species With Different Salt Tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1009. [PMID: 32733515 PMCID: PMC7359412 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study reveals contrasting responses of photosynthesis to salt stress in two C4 species: a glycophyte Setaria viridis (SV) and a halophyte Spartina alterniflora (SA). Specifically, the effect of short-term salt stress treatment on the photosynthetic CO2 uptake and electron transport were investigated in SV and its salt-tolerant close relative SA. In this experiment, at the beginning, plants were grown in soil then were exposed to salt stress under hydroponic conditions for two weeks. SV demonstrated a much higher susceptibility to salt stress than SA; while, SV was incapable to survive subjected to about 100 mM, SA can tolerate salt concentrations up to 550 mM with slight effect on photosynthetic CO2 uptake rates and electrons transport chain conductance (gETC ). Regardless the oxygen concentration used, our results show an enhancement in the P700 oxidation with increasing O2 concentration for SV following NaCl treatment and almost no change for SA. We also observed an activation of the cyclic NDH-dependent pathway in SV by about 2.36 times upon exposure to 50 mM NaCl for 12 days (d); however, its activity in SA drops by about 25% compared to the control without salt treatment. Using PTOX inhibitor (n-PG) and that of the Qo-binding site of Cytb6/f (DBMIB), at two O2 levels (2 and 21%), to restrict electrons flow towards PSI, we successfully revealed the presence of a possible PTOX activity under salt stress for SA but not for SV. However, by q-PCR and western-blot analysis, we showed an increase in PTOX amount by about 3-4 times for SA under salt stress but not or very less for SV. Overall, this study provides strong proof for the existence of PTOX as an alternative electron pathway in C4 species (SA), which might play more than a photoprotective role under salt stress.
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Passricha N, Saifi SK, Kharb P, Tuteja N. Rice lectin receptor‐like kinase provides salinity tolerance by ion homeostasis. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 117:498-510. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.27216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nishat Passricha
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali MargNew Delhi India
| | - Shabnam K. Saifi
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali MargNew Delhi India
| | - Pushpa Kharb
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and BioinformaticsCOBS&H, CCS Haryana Agricultural UniversityHisar Haryana India
| | - Narendra Tuteja
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali MargNew Delhi India
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Expression and detergent free purification and reconstitution of the plant plasma membrane Na +/H + antiporter SOS1 overexpressed in Pichia pastoris. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2019; 1862:183111. [PMID: 31678368 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.183111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The plant plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter SOS1 (Salt Overlay Sensitive 1) of Arabidopsis thaliana is the major transporter extruding Na+ out of cells in exchange for an intracellular H+. The sodium extrusion process maintains a low intracellular Na+ concentration and thereby facilitates salt tolerance. A. thaliana SOS1 consists of 1146 amino acids, with the first 450 in a N-terminal membrane transport domain and the balance forming a cytosolic regulatory domain. For studies on characterization of the protein, two different constructs of SOS1 comprising of the residues 28 to 460 and 28 to 990 were cloned and overexpressed in methylotropic yeast strain of Pichia pastoris with a C-terminal histidine tag using the expression vector pPICZA. Styrene malic acid copolymers (SMA) were used as a cost-effective alternative to detergent for solubilization and isolation of this membrane protein. Immobilized Ni2+-ion affinity chromatography was used to purify the expressed protein resulting in a yield of ~0.6-2 mg of SOS1 per liter of Pichia pastoris culture. The SMA purified protein containing amino acids 28 to 990 was directly reconstituted into liposomes for determination of Na+ transport activity and was functionally active. However, similar reconstitution with amino acids 28-460 did not yield a functional protein. Other results have shown that the truncated SOS1 protein at amino acid 481 is active, which infers the presence of an element between residues 461-481 which is necessary for SOS1 activity. This region contains several conserved segments that may be important in SOS1 structure and function.
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Wu H, Shabala L, Zhou M, Su N, Wu Q, Ul-Haq T, Zhu J, Mancuso S, Azzarello E, Shabala S. Root vacuolar Na + sequestration but not exclusion from uptake correlates with barley salt tolerance. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 100:55-67. [PMID: 31148333 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is a major constraint for the global agricultural production. For many decades, Na+ exclusion from uptake has been the key trait targeted in breeding programs; yet, no major breakthrough in creating salt-tolerant germplasm was achieved. In this work, we have combined the microelectrode ion flux estimation (MIFE) technique for non-invasive ion flux measurements with confocal fluorescence dye imaging technique to screen 45 accessions of barley to reveal the relative contribution of Na+ exclusion from the cytosol to the apoplast and its vacuolar sequestration in the root apex, for the overall salinity stress tolerance. We show that Na+ /H+ antiporter-mediated Na+ extrusion from the root plays a minor role in the overall salt tolerance in barley. At the same time, a strong and positive correlation was found between root vacuolar Na+ sequestration ability and the overall salt tolerance. The inability of salt-sensitive genotypes to sequester Na+ in root vacuoles was in contrast to significantly higher expression levels of both HvNHX1 tonoplast Na+ /H+ antiporters and HvVP1 H+ -pumps compared with tolerant genotypes. These data are interpreted as a failure of sensitive varieties to prevent Na+ back-leak into the cytosol and existence of a futile Na+ cycle at the tonoplast. Taken together, our results demonstrated that root vacuolar Na+ sequestration but not exclusion from uptake played the main role in barley salinity tolerance, and suggested that the focus of the breeding programs should be shifted from targeting genes mediating Na+ exclusion from uptake by roots to more efficient root vacuolar Na+ sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghong Wu
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lana Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Meixue Zhou
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Nana Su
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Qi Wu
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Tanveer Ul-Haq
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | - Juan Zhu
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Stefano Mancuso
- Department of Horticulture, University of Florence, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Elisa Azzarello
- Department of Horticulture, University of Florence, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
- International Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China
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