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Vu BN, Vu TV, Yoo JY, Nguyen NT, Ko KS, Kim JY, Lee KO. CRISPR-Cas-mediated unfolded protein response control for enhancing plant stress resistance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1271368. [PMID: 37908833 PMCID: PMC10613997 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1271368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Plants consistently encounter environmental stresses that negatively affect their growth and development. To mitigate these challenges, plants have developed a range of adaptive strategies, including the unfolded protein response (UPR), which enables them to manage endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress resulting from various adverse conditions. The CRISPR-Cas system has emerged as a powerful tool for plant biotechnology, with the potential to improve plant tolerance and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, as well as enhance crop productivity and quality by targeting specific genes, including those related to the UPR. This review highlights recent advancements in UPR signaling pathways and CRISPR-Cas technology, with a particular focus on the use of CRISPR-Cas in studying plant UPR. We also explore prospective applications of CRISPR-Cas in engineering UPR-related genes for crop improvement. The integration of CRISPR-Cas technology into plant biotechnology holds the promise to revolutionize agriculture by producing crops with enhanced resistance to environmental stresses, increased productivity, and improved quality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bich Ngoc Vu
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tien Van Vu
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yong Yoo
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ngan Thi Nguyen
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Seong Ko
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yean Kim
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Nulla Bio Inc., Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyun Oh Lee
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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Jun SE, Shim JS, Park HJ. Beyond NPK: Mineral Nutrient-Mediated Modulation in Orchestrating Flowering Time. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3299. [PMID: 37765463 PMCID: PMC10535918 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Flowering time in plants is a complex process regulated by environmental conditions such as photoperiod and temperature, as well as nutrient conditions. While the impact of major nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium on flowering time has been well recognized, the significance of micronutrient imbalances and their deficiencies should not be neglected because they affect the floral transition from the vegetative stage to the reproductive stage. The secondary major nutrients such as calcium, magnesium, and sulfur participate in various aspects of flowering. Micronutrients such as boron, zinc, iron, and copper play crucial roles in enzymatic reactions and hormone biosynthesis, affecting flower development and reproduction as well. The current review comprehensively explores the interplay between microelements and flowering time, and summarizes the underlying mechanism in plants. Consequently, a better understanding of the interplay between microelements and flowering time will provide clues to reveal the roles of microelements in regulating flowering time and to improve crop reproduction in plant industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Eun Jun
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jae Sun Shim
- School of Biological Science and Technology, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Park
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Center of Ecomimetics, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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3
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Navarro-Quiles C, Mateo-Bonmatí E, Candela H, Robles P, Martínez-Laborda A, Fernández Y, Šimura J, Ljung K, Rubio V, Ponce MR, Micol JL. The Arabidopsis ATP-Binding Cassette E protein ABCE2 is a conserved component of the translation machinery. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1009895. [PMID: 36325553 PMCID: PMC9618717 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1009895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ATP-Binding Cassette E (ABCE) proteins dissociate cytoplasmic ribosomes after translation terminates, and contribute to ribosome recycling, thus linking translation termination to initiation. This function has been demonstrated to be essential in animals, fungi, and archaea, but remains unexplored in plants. In most species, ABCE is encoded by a single-copy gene; by contrast, Arabidopsis thaliana has two ABCE paralogs, of which ABCE2 seems to conserve the ancestral function. We isolated apiculata7-1 (api7-1), the first viable, hypomorphic allele of ABCE2, which has a pleiotropic morphological phenotype reminiscent of mutations affecting ribosome biogenesis factors and ribosomal proteins. We also studied api7-2, a null, recessive lethal allele of ABCE2. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments showed that ABCE2 physically interacts with components of the translation machinery. An RNA-seq study of the api7-1 mutant showed increased responses to iron and sulfur starvation. We also found increased transcript levels of genes related to auxin signaling and metabolism. Our results support for the first time a conserved role for ABCE proteins in translation in plants, as previously shown for the animal, fungal, and archaeal lineages. In Arabidopsis, the ABCE2 protein seems important for general growth and vascular development, likely due to an indirect effect through auxin metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Héctor Candela
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
| | - Pedro Robles
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
| | | | | | - Jan Šimura
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Karin Ljung
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Vicente Rubio
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CNB-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Rosa Ponce
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
| | - José Luis Micol
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
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4
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Abdallah NA, Elsharawy H, Abulela HA, Thilmony R, Abdelhadi AA, Elarabi NI. Multiplex CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing to address drought tolerance in wheat. GM CROPS & FOOD 2022:1-17. [PMID: 36200515 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2022.2120313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Genome editing tools have rapidly been adopted by plant scientists for crop improvement. Genome editing using a multiplex sgRNA-CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system is a useful technique for crop improvement in monocot species. In this study, we utilized precise gene editing techniques to generate wheat 3'(2'), 5'-bisphosphate nucleotidase (TaSal1) mutants using a multiplex sgRNA-CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system. Five active TaSal1 homologous genes were found in the genome of Giza168 in addition to another apparently inactive gene on chromosome 4A. Three gRNAs were designed and used to target exons 4, 5 and 7 of the five wheat TaSal1 genes. Among the 120 Giza168 transgenic plants, 41 lines exhibited mutations and produced heritable TaSal1 mutations in the M1 progeny and 5 lines were full 5 gene knock-outs. These mutant plants exhibit a rolled-leaf phenotype in young leaves and bended stems, but there were no significant changes in the internode length and width, leaf morphology, and stem shape. Anatomical and scanning electron microscope studies of the young leaves of mutated TaSal1 lines showed closed stomata, increased stomata width and increase in the size of the bulliform cells. Sal1 mutant seedlings germinated and grew better on media containing polyethylene glycol than wildtype seedlings. Our results indicate that the application of the multiplex sgRNA-CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing is efficient tool for mutating more multiple TaSal1 loci in hexaploid wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naglaa A Abdallah
- Department of Genetics,Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hany Elsharawy
- Department of Genetics,Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hamiss A Abulela
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Roger Thilmony
- USDA-ARS Crop Improvement and Genetics Unit, Albany, California, USA
| | | | - Nagwa I Elarabi
- Department of Genetics,Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Shirzadian-Khorramabad R, Moazzenzadeh T, Sajedi RH, Jing HC, Hille J, Dijkwel PP. A mutation in Arabidopsis SAL1 alters its in vitro activity against IP 3 and delays developmental leaf senescence in association with lower ROS levels. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 108:549-563. [PMID: 35122174 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-022-01245-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Our manuscript is the first to find a link between activity of SAL1/OLD101 against IP3 and plant leaf senescence regulation and ROS levels assigning a potential biological role for IP3. Leaf senescence is a genetically programmed process that limits the longevity of a leaf. We identified and analyzed the recessive Arabidopsis stay-green mutation onset of leaf death 101 (old101). Developmental leaf longevity is extended in old101 plants, which coincided with higher peroxidase activity and decreased H2O2 levels in young 10-day-old, but not 25-day-old plants. The old101 phenotype is caused by a point mutation in SAL1, which encodes a bifunctional enzyme with inositol polyphosphate-1-phosphatase and 3' (2'), 5'-bisphosphate nucleotidase activity. SAL1 activity is highly specific for its substrates 3-polyadenosine 5-phosphate (PAP) and inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate (IP3), where it removes the 1-phosphate group from the IP3 second messenger. The in vitro activity of recombinant old101 protein against its substrate IP3 was 2.5-fold lower than that of wild type SAL1 protein. However, the in vitro activity of recombinant old101 mutant protein against PAP remained the same as that of the wild type SAL1 protein. The results open the possibility that the activity of SAL1 against IP3 may affect the redox balance of young seedlings and that this delays the onset of leaf senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Shirzadian-Khorramabad
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
- Molecular Biology of Plants, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN, Haren, The Netherlands.
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
| | - Taghi Moazzenzadeh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Reza H Sajedi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hai-Chun Jing
- Molecular Biology of Plants, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN, Haren, The Netherlands
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Jacques Hille
- Molecular Biology of Plants, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN, Haren, The Netherlands
| | - Paul P Dijkwel
- Molecular Biology of Plants, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN, Haren, The Netherlands
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Ashykhmina N, Chan KX, Frerigmann H, Van Breusegem F, Kopriva S, Flügge UI, Gigolashvili T. Dissecting the Role of SAL1 in Metabolizing the Stress Signaling Molecule 3′-Phosphoadenosine 5′-Phosphate in Different Cell Compartments. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:763795. [PMID: 35127814 PMCID: PMC8815814 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.763795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants possess the most highly compartmentalized eukaryotic cells. To coordinate their intracellular functions, plastids and the mitochondria are dependent on the flow of information to and from the nuclei, known as retrograde and anterograde signals. One mobile retrograde signaling molecule is the monophosphate 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphate (PAP), which is mainly produced from 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS) in the cytosol and regulates the expression of a set of nuclear genes that modulate plant growth in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. The adenosine bisphosphate phosphatase enzyme SAL1 dephosphorylates PAP to AMP in plastids and the mitochondria, but can also rescue sal1 Arabidopsis phenotypes (PAP accumulation, leaf morphology, growth, etc.) when expressed in the cytosol and the nucleus. To understand better the roles of the SAL1 protein in chloroplasts, the mitochondria, nuclei, and the cytosol, we have attempted to complement the sal1 mutant by specifically cargoing the transgenic SAL1 protein to these four cell compartments. Overexpression of SAL1 protein targeted to the nucleus or the mitochondria alone, or co-targeted to chloroplasts and the mitochondria, complemented most aspects of the sal1 phenotypes. Notably, targeting SAL1 to chloroplasts or the cytosol did not effectively rescue the sal1 phenotypes as these transgenic lines accumulated very low levels of SAL1 protein despite overexpressing SAL1 mRNA, suggesting a possibly lower stability of the SAL1 protein in these compartments. The diverse transgenic SAL1 lines exhibited a range of PAP levels. The latter needs to reach certain thresholds in the cell for its impacts on different processes such as leaf growth, regulation of rosette morphology, sulfate homeostasis, and glucosinolate biosynthesis. Collectively, these findings provide an initial platform for further dissection of the role of the SAL1–PAP pathway in different cellular processes under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natallia Ashykhmina
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kai Xun Chan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Frank Van Breusegem
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stanislav Kopriva
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ulf-Ingo Flügge
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tamara Gigolashvili
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- *Correspondence: Tamara Gigolashvili,
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Glowa D, Comelli P, Chandler JW, Werr W. Clonal sector analysis and cell ablation confirm a function for DORNROESCHEN-LIKE in founder cells and the vasculature in Arabidopsis. PLANTA 2021; 253:27. [PMID: 33420666 PMCID: PMC7794208 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03545-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Inducible lineage analysis and cell ablation via conditional toxin expression in cells expressing the DORNRÖSCHEN-LIKE transcription factor represent an effective and complementary adjunct to conventional methods of functional gene analysis. Classical methods of functional gene analysis via mutational and expression studies possess inherent limitations, and therefore, the function of a large proportion of transcription factors remains unknown. We have employed two complementary, indirect methods to obtain functional information for the AP2/ERF transcription factor DORNRÖSCHEN-LIKE (DRNL), which is dynamically expressed in flowers and marks lateral organ founder cells. An inducible, two-component Cre-Lox system was used to express beta-glucuronidase GUS in cells expressing DRNL, to perform a sector analysis that reveals lineages of cells that transiently expressed DRNL throughout plant development. In a complementary approach, an inducible system was used to ablate cells expressing DRNL using diphtheria toxin A chain, to visualise the phenotypic consequences. These complementary analyses demonstrate that DRNL functionally marks founder cells of leaves and floral organs. Clonal sectors also included the vasculature of the leaves and petals, implicating a previously unidentified role for DRNL in provasculature development, which was confirmed in cotyledons by closer analysis of drnl mutants. Our findings demonstrate that inducible gene-specific lineage analysis and cell ablation via conditional toxin expression represent an effective and informative adjunct to conventional methods of functional gene analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Glowa
- Developmental Biology, Institute of Zoology, Cologne Biocenter, Cologne University, Zülpicher Straße 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Petra Comelli
- Developmental Biology, Institute of Zoology, Cologne Biocenter, Cologne University, Zülpicher Straße 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - John W Chandler
- Developmental Biology, Institute of Zoology, Cologne Biocenter, Cologne University, Zülpicher Straße 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Werr
- Developmental Biology, Institute of Zoology, Cologne Biocenter, Cologne University, Zülpicher Straße 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany.
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8
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Micol-Ponce R, Sarmiento-Mañús R, Fontcuberta-Cervera S, Cabezas-Fuster A, de Bures A, Sáez-Vásquez J, Ponce MR. SMALL ORGAN4 Is a Ribosome Biogenesis Factor Involved in 5.8S Ribosomal RNA Maturation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 184:2022-2039. [PMID: 32913045 PMCID: PMC7723108 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.01540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Ribosome biogenesis is crucial for cellular metabolism and has important implications for disease and aging. Human (Homo sapiens) glioma tumor-suppressor candidate region gene2 (GLTSCR2) and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) Nucleolar protein53 (Nop53) are orthologous proteins with demonstrated roles as ribosome biogenesis factors; knockdown of GLTSCR2 impairs maturation of 18S and 5.8S ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), and Nop53 is required for maturation of 5.8S and 25S rRNAs. Here, we characterized SMALL ORGAN4 (SMO4), the most likely ortholog of human GLTSCR2 and yeast Nop53 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Loss of function of SMO4 results in a mild morphological phenotype; however, we found that smo4 mutants exhibit strong cytological and molecular phenotypes: nucleolar hypertrophy and disorganization, overaccumulation of 5.8S and 18S rRNA precursors, and an imbalanced 40S:60S ribosome subunit ratio. Like yeast Nop53 and human GLTSCR2, Arabidopsis SMO4 participates in 5.8S rRNA maturation. In yeast, Nop53 cooperates with mRNA transport4 (Mtr4) for 5.8S rRNA maturation. In Arabidopsis, we found that SMO4 plays similar roles in the 5.8S rRNA maturation pathway than those described for MTR4. However, SMO4 seems not to participate in the degradation of by-products derived from the 5'-external transcribed spacer (ETS) of 45S pre-rRNA, as MTR4 does.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Micol-Ponce
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Raquel Sarmiento-Mañús
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Sara Fontcuberta-Cervera
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Adrián Cabezas-Fuster
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Anne de Bures
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5096, 66860 Perpignan, France
- Universite Perpignan Via Domitia, Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5096, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Julio Sáez-Vásquez
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5096, 66860 Perpignan, France
- Universite Perpignan Via Domitia, Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5096, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - María Rosa Ponce
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain
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9
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Núñez-Delegido E, Robles P, Ferrández-Ayela A, Quesada V. Functional analysis of mTERF5 and mTERF9 contribution to salt tolerance, plastid gene expression and retrograde signalling in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2020; 22:459-471. [PMID: 31850621 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We previously showed that Arabidopsis mda1 and mterf9 mutants, defective in the chloroplast-targeted mitochondrial transcription termination factors mTERF5 and mTERF9, respectively, display altered responses to abiotic stresses and abscisic acid (ABA), as well as perturbed development, likely through abnormal chloroplast biogenesis. To advance the functional analysis of mTERF5 and mTERF9, we obtained and characterized overexpression (OE) lines. Additionally, we studied genetic interactions between sca3-2, affected in the plastid-RNA polymerase RpoTp, and the mda1-1 and mterf9 mutations. We also investigated the role of mTERF5 and mTERF9 in plastid translation and plastid-to-nucleus signalling. We found that mTERF9 OE reduces salt and ABA tolerance, while mTERF5 or mTERF9 OE alter expression of nuclear and plastid genes. We determined that mda1-1 and mterf9 mutations genetically interact with sca3-2. Further, plastid 16S rRNA levels were reduced in mda1-1 and mterf9 mutants, and mterf9 was more sensitive to chemical inhibitors of chloroplast translation. Expression of the photosynthesis gene LHCB1, a retrograde signalling marker, was differentially affected in mda1-1 and/or mterf9 compared to wild-type Col-0, after treatments with inhibitors of carotenoid biosynthesis (norflurazon) or chloroplast translation (lincomycin). Moreover, mterf9, but not mda1-1, synergistically interacts with gun1-1, defective in GUN1, a central integrator of plastid retrograde signals. Our results show that mTERF9, and to a lesser extent mTERF5, are negative regulators of salt tolerance and that both genes are functionally related to RpoTp, and that mTERF9 is likely required for plastid ribosomal stability and/or assembly. Furthermore, our findings support a role for mTERF9 in retrograde signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Núñez-Delegido
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
| | - P Robles
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
| | - A Ferrández-Ayela
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
| | - V Quesada
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
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10
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FIERY1 promotes microRNA accumulation by suppressing rRNA-derived small interfering RNAs in Arabidopsis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4424. [PMID: 31562313 PMCID: PMC6765019 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12379-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant microRNAs (miRNAs) associate with ARGONAUTE1 (AGO1) to direct post-transcriptional gene silencing and regulate numerous biological processes. Although AGO1 predominantly binds miRNAs in vivo, it also associates with endogenous small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). It is unclear whether the miRNA/siRNA balance affects miRNA activities. Here we report that FIERY1 (FRY1), which is involved in 5'-3' RNA degradation, regulates miRNA abundance and function by suppressing the biogenesis of ribosomal RNA-derived siRNAs (risiRNAs). In mutants of FRY1 and the nuclear 5'-3' exonuclease genes XRN2 and XRN3, we find that a large number of 21-nt risiRNAs are generated through an endogenous siRNA biogenesis pathway. The production of risiRNAs correlates with pre-rRNA processing defects in these mutants. We also show that these risiRNAs are loaded into AGO1, causing reduced loading of miRNAs. This study reveals a previously unknown link between rRNA processing and miRNA accumulation.
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11
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Jia Q, Kong D, Li Q, Sun S, Song J, Zhu Y, Liang K, Ke Q, Lin W, Huang J. The Function of Inositol Phosphatases in Plant Tolerance to Abiotic Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163999. [PMID: 31426386 PMCID: PMC6719168 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inositol signaling is believed to play a crucial role in various aspects of plant growth and adaptation. As an important component in biosynthesis and degradation of myo-inositol and its derivatives, inositol phosphatases could hydrolyze the phosphate of the inositol ring, thus affecting inositol signaling. Until now, more than 30 members of inositol phosphatases have been identified in plants, which are classified intofive families, including inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatases (5PTases), suppressor of actin (SAC) phosphatases, SAL1 phosphatases, inositol monophosphatase (IMP), and phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN)-related phosphatases. The current knowledge was revised here in relation to their substrates and function in response to abiotic stress. The potential mechanisms were also concluded with the focus on their activities of inositol phosphatases. The general working model might be that inositol phosphatases would degrade the Ins(1,4,5)P3 or phosphoinositides, subsequently resulting in altering Ca2+ release, abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, vesicle trafficking or other cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Jia
- Key Laboratory for Genetics Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education/College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Defeng Kong
- Key Laboratory for Genetics Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education/College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qinghua Li
- Putian Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Putian 351144, China
| | - Song Sun
- Key Laboratory for Genetics Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education/College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Junliang Song
- Key Laboratory for Genetics Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education/College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yebao Zhu
- Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350018, China
| | - Kangjing Liang
- Key Laboratory for Genetics Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education/College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qingming Ke
- Putian Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Putian 351144, China
| | - Wenxiong Lin
- Key Laboratory for Genetics Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education/College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jinwen Huang
- Key Laboratory for Genetics Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education/College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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12
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Abstract
Sulfur is present in the amino acids cysteine and methionine and in a large range of essential coenzymes and cofactors and is therefore essential for all organisms. It is also a constituent of sulfate esters in proteins, carbohydrates, and numerous cellular metabolites. The sulfation and desulfation reactions modifying a variety of different substrates are commonly known as sulfation pathways. Although relatively little is known about the function of most sulfated metabolites, the synthesis of activated sulfate used in sulfation pathways is essential in both animal and plant kingdoms. In humans, mutations in the genes encoding the sulfation pathway enzymes underlie a number of developmental aberrations, and in flies and worms, their loss-of-function is fatal. In plants, a lower capacity for synthesizing activated sulfate for sulfation reactions results in dwarfism, and a complete loss of activated sulfate synthesis is also lethal. Here, we review the similarities and differences in sulfation pathways and associated processes in animals and plants, and we point out how they diverge from bacteria and yeast. We highlight the open questions concerning localization, regulation, and importance of sulfation pathways in both kingdoms and the ways in which findings from these "red" and "green" experimental systems may help reciprocally address questions specific to each of the systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Süleyman Günal
- Botanical Institute, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne 50674, Germany
| | - Rebecca Hardman
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Stanislav Kopriva
- Botanical Institute, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne 50674, Germany.
| | - Jonathan Wolf Mueller
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (CEDAM), Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham B15 2TH, United Kingdom.
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13
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Krahmer J, Goralogia GS, Kubota A, Zardilis A, Johnson RS, Song YH, MacCoss MJ, Le Bihan T, Halliday KJ, Imaizumi T, Millar AJ. Time-resolved interaction proteomics of the GIGANTEA protein under diurnal cycles in Arabidopsis. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:319-338. [PMID: 30536871 PMCID: PMC6373471 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The plant-specific protein GIGANTEA (GI) controls many developmental and physiological processes, mediating rhythmic post-translational regulation. GI physically binds several proteins implicated in the circadian clock, photoperiodic flowering, and abiotic stress responses. To understand GI's multifaceted function, we aimed to comprehensively and quantitatively identify potential interactors of GI in a time-specific manner, using proteomics on Arabidopsis plants expressing epitope-tagged GI. We detected previously identified (in)direct interactors of GI, as well as proteins implicated in protein folding, or degradation, and a previously uncharacterized transcription factor, CYCLING DOF FACTOR6 (CDF6). We verified CDF6's direct interaction with GI, and ZEITLUPE/FLAVIN-BINDING, KELCH REPEAT, F-BOX 1/LIGHT KELCH PROTEIN 2 proteins, and demonstrated its involvement in photoperiodic flowering. Extending interaction proteomics to time series provides a data resource of candidate protein targets for GI's post-translational control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Krahmer
- SynthSys and School of Biological SciencesUniversity of EdinburghUK
- Institute of Molecular Plant SciencesUniversity of EdinburghUK
| | | | - Akane Kubota
- Department of BiologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
- Graduate School of Biological SciencesNara Institute of Science and TechnologyIkoma, NaraJapan
| | - Argyris Zardilis
- SynthSys and School of Biological SciencesUniversity of EdinburghUK
| | | | - Young Hun Song
- Department of BiologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
- Department of Life SciencesAjou UniversitySuwonKorea
| | | | - Thierry Le Bihan
- SynthSys and School of Biological SciencesUniversity of EdinburghUK
| | | | | | - Andrew J. Millar
- SynthSys and School of Biological SciencesUniversity of EdinburghUK
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14
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Ashykhmina N, Lorenz M, Frerigmann H, Koprivova A, Hofsetz E, Stührwohldt N, Flügge UI, Haferkamp I, Kopriva S, Gigolashvili T. PAPST2 Plays Critical Roles in Removing the Stress Signaling Molecule 3'-Phosphoadenosine 5'-Phosphate from the Cytosol and Its Subsequent Degradation in Plastids and Mitochondria. THE PLANT CELL 2019; 31:231-249. [PMID: 30464037 PMCID: PMC6391701 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.18.00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The compartmentalization of PAPS (the sulfate donor 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate) synthesis (mainly in plastids), PAPS consumption (in the cytosol), and PAP (the stress signaling molecule 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphate) degradation (in plastids and mitochondria) requires organellar transport systems for both PAPS and PAP. The plastidial transporter PAPST1 (PAPS TRANSPORTER1) delivers newly synthesized PAPS from the stroma to the cytosol. We investigated the activity of PAPST2, the closest homolog of PAPST1, which unlike PAPST1 is targeted to both the plastids and mitochondria. Biochemical characterization in Arabidopsis thaliana revealed that PAPST2 mediates the antiport of PAP, PAPS, ATP, and ADP. Strongly increased cellular PAP levels negatively affect plant growth, as observed in the fry1 papst2 mutant, which lacks the PAP-catabolizing enzyme SALT TOLERANCE 1 and PAPST2. PAP levels were specifically elevated in the cytosol of papst2 and fiery1 papst2, but not in papst1 or fry1 papst1 PAPST1 failed to complement the papst2 mutant phenotype in mitochondria, because it likely removes PAPS from the cell, as demonstrated by the increased expression of phytosulfokine genes. Overexpression of SAL1 in mitochondria rescued the phenotype of fry1 but not fry1 papst2 Therefore, PAPST2 represents an important organellar importer of PAP, providing a piece of the puzzle in our understanding of the organelle-to-nucleus PAP retrograde signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natallia Ashykhmina
- Botanical Institute and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Melanie Lorenz
- Plant Physiology, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Henning Frerigmann
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, D-50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna Koprivova
- Botanical Institute and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Eduard Hofsetz
- Botanical Institute and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Nils Stührwohldt
- Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ulf-Ingo Flügge
- Botanical Institute and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ilka Haferkamp
- Plant Physiology, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Stanislav Kopriva
- Botanical Institute and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Tamara Gigolashvili
- Botanical Institute and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
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15
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Strobl SM, Kischka D, Heilmann I, Mouille G, Schneider S. The Tonoplastic Inositol Transporter INT1 From Arabidopsis thaliana Impacts Cell Elongation in a Sucrose-Dependent Way. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1657. [PMID: 30505313 PMCID: PMC6250803 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The tonoplastic inositol transporter INT1 is the only known transport protein in Arabidopsis that facilitates myo-inositol import from the vacuole into the cytoplasm. Impairment of the release of vacuolar inositol by knockout of INT1 results in a severe inhibition of cell elongation in roots as well as in etiolated hypocotyls. Importantly, a more strongly reduced cell elongation was observed when sucrose was supplied in the growth medium, and this sucrose-dependent effect can be complemented by the addition of exogenous myo-inositol. Comparing int1 mutants (defective in transport) with mutants defective in myo-inositol biosynthesis (mips1 mutants) revealed that the sucrose-induced inhibition in cell elongation does not just depend on inositol depletion. Secondary effects as observed for altered availability of inositol in biosynthesis mutants, as disturbed membrane turnover, alterations in PIN protein localization or alterations in inositol-derived signaling molecules could be ruled out to be responsible for impairing the cell elongation in int1 mutants. Although the molecular mechanism remains to be elucidated, our data implicate a crucial role of INT1-transported myo-inositol in regulating cell elongation in a sucrose-dependent manner and underline recent reports of regulatory roles for sucrose and other carbohydrate intermediates as metabolic semaphores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Maria Strobl
- Molecular Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dominik Kischka
- Molecular Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ingo Heilmann
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute for Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Grégory Mouille
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Sabine Schneider
- Molecular Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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16
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Micol-Ponce R, Sarmiento-Mañús R, Ruiz-Bayón A, Montacié C, Sáez-Vasquez J, Ponce MR. Arabidopsis RIBOSOMAL RNA PROCESSING7 Is Required for 18S rRNA Maturation. THE PLANT CELL 2018; 30:2855-2872. [PMID: 30361235 PMCID: PMC6305980 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.18.00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Ribosome biogenesis is fundamental to growth and development in eukaryotes and is linked to human diseases and cancer. Arabidopsis thaliana MORPHOLOGY OF ARGONAUTE1-52 SUPPRESSED 2 (MAS2) participates in splicing and 45S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) expression. In a screen for MAS2 interactors, we identified RIBOSOMAL RNA PROCESSING 7 (RRP7), an ortholog of yeast rRNA processing protein 7 (Rrp7), which is required for 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) maturation. Arabidopsis rrp7 mutants exhibit a pleiotropic phenotype including slow growth, altered shoot phyllotaxy, aberrant venation in lateral organs, partial infertility, and abscisic acid hypersensitivity in seedlings. In Arabidopsis, RRP7 localizes mainly to the nucleolus, the site of the 45S rDNA transcription that produces a 45S pre-rRNA primary transcript, precursor of the 25S, 18S and 5.8S rRNAs. Lack of RRP7 function perturbs 18S rRNA maturation, causes nucleolar hypertrophy, and results in an increased 25S/18S rRNA ratio. Arabidopsis contains hundreds of 45S rDNA genes whose expression is epigenetically regulated, and deregulated, in rrp7 mutants. Double mutant analysis revealed synergistic interactions between RRP7 alleles and alleles of MAS2, NUCLEOLIN1 (NUC1), and HISTONE DEACETYLASE 6 (HDA6), which encode epigenetic regulators of 45S rDNA transcription. Our results reveal the evolutionarily conserved but divergent roles of RRP7 as a ribosome biogenesis factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Micol-Ponce
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Raquel Sarmiento-Mañús
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Alejandro Ruiz-Bayón
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Charlotte Montacié
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR 5096, 66860, Perpignan, France
- Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR 5096, 66860, Perpignan, France
| | - Julio Sáez-Vasquez
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR 5096, 66860, Perpignan, France
- Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR 5096, 66860, Perpignan, France
| | - María Rosa Ponce
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain.
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17
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Wu W, Liu LL, Yang T, Wang JH, Wang JY, Lv P, Yan YC. Gene expression analysis reveals function of TERF1 in plastid-nucleus retrograde signaling under drought stress conditions. BIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2018. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s10535-018-0771-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
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18
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Phua SY, Yan D, Chan KX, Estavillo GM, Nambara E, Pogson BJ. The Arabidopsis SAL1-PAP Pathway: A Case Study for Integrating Chloroplast Retrograde, Light and Hormonal Signaling in Modulating Plant Growth and Development? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1171. [PMID: 30135700 PMCID: PMC6092573 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth and development are dependent on chloroplast development and function. Constitutive high level accumulation of a chloroplast stress signal, 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphate (PAP), confers drought tolerance to plants, but slow downs and alters plant growth and development. PAP, a by-product of sulfur metabolism, is maintained at very low levels by the SAL1 phosphatase during vegetative growth of Arabidopsis and accumulates in rosettes during drought and excess light. Eight independent forward genetic screens in Arabidopsis identified SAL1 as the regulator of multiple phenotypes related to stress responses, hormonal signaling and/or perception. In this perspective article, we collate all the sal1 phenotypes published in the past two decades, and distill the different pathways affected. Our meta-analysis of publicly available sal1 microarray data coupled to preliminary hormonal treatment and profiling results on sal1 indicate that homeostasis and responses to multiple hormones in sal1 are altered during rosette growth, suggesting a potential connection between SAL1-PAP stress retrograde pathway and hormonal signaling. We propose the SAL1-PAP pathway as a case study for integrating chloroplast retrograde signaling, light signaling and hormonal signaling in plant growth and morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Y. Phua
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dawei Yan
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kai X. Chan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gonzalo M. Estavillo
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Black Mountain, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Eiji Nambara
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Barry J. Pogson
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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19
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Phua SY, Pornsiriwong W, Chan KX, Estavillo GM, Pogson BJ. Development of strategies for genetic manipulation and fine-tuning of a chloroplast retrograde signal 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphate. PLANT DIRECT 2018; 2:e00031. [PMID: 31245680 PMCID: PMC6508504 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Homeostasis of metabolism and regulation of stress-signaling pathways are important for plant growth. The metabolite 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphate (PAP) plays dual roles as a chloroplast retrograde signal during drought and high light stress, as well as a toxic by-product of secondary sulfur metabolism, and thus, its levels are regulated by the chloroplastic phosphatase, SAL1. Constitutive PAP accumulation in sal1 mutants improves drought tolerance but can impair growth and alter rosette morphology. Therefore, it is of interest to derive strategies to enable controlled and targeted PAP manipulation that could enhance drought tolerance while minimizing the negative effects on plant growth. We systematically tested the potential and efficiency of multiple established transgenic manipulation tools in altering PAP levels in Arabidopsis. Dexamethasone (dex)-inducible silencing of SAL1 via hpRNAi [pOpOff:SAL1hpRNAi] yielded reduction in SAL1 transcript and protein levels, yet failed to significantly induce PAP accumulation. Surprisingly, this was not due to insufficient silencing of the inducible system, as constitutive silencing using a strong promoter to drive hpRNAi and amiRNA targeting the SAL1 transcript also failed to increase PAP content or induce a sal1-like plant morphology despite significantly reducing the SAL1 transcript levels. In contrast, using dex-inducible expression of SAL1 cDNA to complement an Arabidopsis sal1 mutant successfully modulated PAP levels and restored rosette growth in a dosage-dependent manner. Results from this inducible complementation system indicate that plants with intermediate PAP levels could have improved rosette growth without compromising its drought tolerance. Additionally, preliminary evidence suggests that SAL1 cDNA driven by promoters of genes expressed specifically during early developmental stages such as ABA-Insensitive 3 (ABI3) could be another potential strategy for studying and optimizing PAP levels and drought tolerance while alleviating the negative impact of PAP on plant growth in sal1. Thus, we have identified ways that can allow future dissection into multiple aspects of stress and developmental regulation mediated by this chloroplast signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Yin Phua
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy BiologyResearch School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACTAustralia
| | - Wannarat Pornsiriwong
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy BiologyResearch School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACTAustralia
- Department of BiochemistryFaculty of ScienceKasetsart UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Kai Xun Chan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy BiologyResearch School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACTAustralia
| | - Gonzalo M. Estavillo
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy BiologyResearch School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACTAustralia
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Black MountainCanberraACTAustralia
| | - Barry J. Pogson
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy BiologyResearch School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACTAustralia
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20
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Ishiga Y, Watanabe M, Ishiga T, Tohge T, Matsuura T, Ikeda Y, Hoefgen R, Fernie AR, Mysore KS. The SAL-PAP Chloroplast Retrograde Pathway Contributes to Plant Immunity by Regulating Glucosinolate Pathway and Phytohormone Signaling. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2017; 30:829-841. [PMID: 28703028 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-03-17-0055-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts have a crucial role in plant immunity against pathogens. Increasing evidence suggests that phytopathogens target chloroplast homeostasis as a pathogenicity mechanism. In order to regulate the performance of chloroplasts under stress conditions, chloroplasts produce retrograde signals to alter nuclear gene expression. Many signals for the chloroplast retrograde pathway have been identified, including chlorophyll intermediates, reactive oxygen species, and metabolic retrograde signals. Although there is a reasonably good understanding of chloroplast retrograde signaling in plant immunity, some signals are not well-understood. In order to understand the role of chloroplast retrograde signaling in plant immunity, we investigated Arabidopsis chloroplast retrograde signaling mutants in response to pathogen inoculation. sal1 mutants (fry1-2 and alx8) responsible for the SAL1-PAP retrograde signaling pathway showed enhanced disease symptoms not only to the hemibiotrophic pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 but, also, to the necrotrophic pathogen Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum EC1. Glucosinolate profiles demonstrated the reduced accumulation of aliphatic glucosinolates in the fry1-2 and alx8 mutants compared with the wild-type Col-0 in response to DC3000 infection. In addition, quantification of multiple phytohormones and analyses of their gene expression profiles revealed that both the salicylic acid (SA)- and jasmonic acid (JA)-mediated signaling pathways were down-regulated in the fry1-2 and alx8 mutants. These results suggest that the SAL1-PAP chloroplast retrograde pathway is involved in plant immunity by regulating the SA- and JA-mediated signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Ishiga
- 1 Noble Research Institute, LLC, Ardmore, OK 73401, U.S.A
- 2 Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Watanabe
- 3 Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany; and
| | - Takako Ishiga
- 1 Noble Research Institute, LLC, Ardmore, OK 73401, U.S.A
- 2 Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tohge
- 3 Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany; and
| | - Takakazu Matsuura
- 4 Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Yoko Ikeda
- 4 Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Rainer Hoefgen
- 3 Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany; and
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- 3 Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany; and
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21
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Wang C, Wang J, Wang X, Xia Y, Chen C, Shen Z, Chen Y. Proteomic analysis on roots of Oenothera glazioviana under copper-stress conditions. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10589. [PMID: 28878286 PMCID: PMC5587583 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10370-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteomic studies were performed to identify proteins involved in the response of Oenothera glazioviana seedlings under Cu stress. Exposure of 28-d-old seedlings to 50 μM CuSO4 for 3 d led to inhibition of shoot and root growth as well as a considerable increase in the level of lipid peroxidation in the roots. Cu absorbed by O. glazioviana accumulated more easily in the root than in the shoot. Label-free proteomic analysis indicated 58 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) of the total 3,149 proteins in the roots of O. glazioviana seedlings, of which 36 were upregulated and 22 were downregulated under Cu stress conditions. Gene Ontology analysis showed that most of the identified proteins could be annotated to signal transduction, detoxification, stress defence, carbohydrate, energy, and protein metabolism, development, and oxidoreduction. We also retrieved 13 proteins from the enriched Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes and the protein-protein interaction databases related to various pathways, including the citric acid (CA) cycle. Application of exogenous CA to O. glazioviana seedlings exposed to Cu alleviated the stress symptoms. Overall, this study provided new insights into the molecular mechanisms of plant response to Cu at the protein level in relation to soil properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource, National Joint Local Engineering Research Center for Rural Land Resources Use and Consolidation, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource, National Joint Local Engineering Research Center for Rural Land Resources Use and Consolidation, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource, National Joint Local Engineering Research Center for Rural Land Resources Use and Consolidation, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Xia
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource, National Joint Local Engineering Research Center for Rural Land Resources Use and Consolidation, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource, National Joint Local Engineering Research Center for Rural Land Resources Use and Consolidation, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenguo Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource, National Joint Local Engineering Research Center for Rural Land Resources Use and Consolidation, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yahua Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource, National Joint Local Engineering Research Center for Rural Land Resources Use and Consolidation, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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22
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Rishmawi L, Bühler J, Jaegle B, Hülskamp M, Koornneef M. Quantitative trait loci controlling leaf venation in Arabidopsis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:1429-1441. [PMID: 28252189 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Leaf veins provide the mechanical support and are responsible for the transport of nutrients and water to the plant. High vein density is a prerequisite for plants to have C4 photosynthesis. We investigated the genetic variation and genetic architecture of leaf venation traits within the species Arabidopsis thaliana using natural variation. Leaf venation traits, including leaf vein density (LVD) were analysed in 66 worldwide accessions and 399 lines of the multi-parent advanced generation intercross population. It was shown that there is no correlation between LVD and photosynthesis parameters within A. thaliana. Association mapping was performed for LVD and identified 16 and 17 putative quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in the multi-parent advanced generation intercross and worldwide sets, respectively. There was no overlap between the identified QTLs suggesting that many genes can affect the traits. In addition, linkage mapping was performed using two biparental recombinant inbred line populations. Combining linkage and association mapping revealed seven candidate genes. For one of the candidate genes, RCI2c, we demonstrated its function in leaf venation patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louai Rishmawi
- Botanical Institute, University of Cologne, Cologne Biocenter, 50674, Cologne, Germany
- Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829, Cologne, Germany
- Universitätsstrasse 1, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jonas Bühler
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Benjamin Jaegle
- Botanical Institute, University of Cologne, Cologne Biocenter, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Hülskamp
- Botanical Institute, University of Cologne, Cologne Biocenter, 50674, Cologne, Germany
- Universitätsstrasse 1, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maarten Koornneef
- Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829, Cologne, Germany
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Universitätsstrasse 1, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Muñoz-Nortes T, Pérez-Pérez JM, Ponce MR, Candela H, Micol JL. The ANGULATA7 gene encodes a DnaJ-like zinc finger-domain protein involved in chloroplast function and leaf development in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 89:870-884. [PMID: 28008672 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The characterization of mutants with altered leaf shape and pigmentation has previously allowed the identification of nuclear genes that encode plastid-localized proteins that perform essential functions in leaf growth and development. A large-scale screen previously allowed us to isolate ethyl methanesulfonate-induced mutants with small rosettes and pale green leaves with prominent marginal teeth, which were assigned to a phenotypic class that we dubbed Angulata. The molecular characterization of the 12 genes assigned to this phenotypic class should help us to advance our understanding of the still poorly understood relationship between chloroplast biogenesis and leaf morphogenesis. In this article, we report the phenotypic and molecular characterization of the angulata7-1 (anu7-1) mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana, which we found to be a hypomorphic allele of the EMB2737 gene, which was previously known only for its embryonic-lethal mutations. ANU7 encodes a plant-specific protein that contains a domain similar to the central cysteine-rich domain of DnaJ proteins. The observed genetic interaction of anu7-1 with a loss-of-function allele of GENOMES UNCOUPLED1 suggests that the anu7-1 mutation triggers a retrograde signal that leads to changes in the expression of many genes that normally function in the chloroplasts. Many such genes are expressed at higher levels in anu7-1 rosettes, with a significant overrepresentation of those required for the expression of plastid genome genes. Like in other mutants with altered expression of plastid-encoded genes, we found that anu7-1 exhibits defects in the arrangement of thylakoidal membranes, which appear locally unappressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Muñoz-Nortes
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, Elche, 03202, Spain
| | - José Manuel Pérez-Pérez
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, Elche, 03202, Spain
| | - María Rosa Ponce
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, Elche, 03202, Spain
| | - Héctor Candela
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, Elche, 03202, Spain
| | - José Luis Micol
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, Elche, 03202, Spain
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Reichel M, Liao Y, Rettel M, Ragan C, Evers M, Alleaume AM, Horos R, Hentze MW, Preiss T, Millar AA. In Planta Determination of the mRNA-Binding Proteome of Arabidopsis Etiolated Seedlings. THE PLANT CELL 2016; 28:2435-2452. [PMID: 27729395 PMCID: PMC5134986 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.16.00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
RNA binding proteins (RBPs) control the fate and expression of a transcriptome. Despite this fundamental importance, our understanding of plant RBPs is rudimentary, being mainly derived via bioinformatic extrapolation from other kingdoms. Here, we adapted the mRNA-protein interactome capture method to investigate the RNA binding proteome in planta. From Arabidopsis thaliana etiolated seedlings, we captured more than 700 proteins, including 300 with high confidence that we have defined as the At-RBP set. Approximately 75% of these At-RBPs are bioinformatically linked with RNA biology, containing a diversity of canonical RNA binding domains (RBDs). As no prior experimental RNA binding evidence exists for the majority of these proteins, their capture now authenticates them as RBPs. Moreover, we identified protein families harboring emerging and potentially novel RBDs, including WHIRLY, LIM, ALBA, DUF1296, and YTH domain-containing proteins, the latter being homologous to animal RNA methylation readers. Other At-RBP set proteins include major signaling proteins, cytoskeleton-associated proteins, membrane transporters, and enzymes, suggesting the scope and function of RNA-protein interactions within a plant cell is much broader than previously appreciated. Therefore, our foundation data set has provided an unbiased insight into the RNA binding proteome of plants, on which future investigations into plant RBPs can be based.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Reichel
- Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Yalin Liao
- EMBL-Australia Collaborating Group, Department of Genome Sciences, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Mandy Rettel
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chikako Ragan
- EMBL-Australia Collaborating Group, Department of Genome Sciences, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Maurits Evers
- EMBL-Australia Collaborating Group, Department of Genome Sciences, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | | | - Rastislav Horos
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Preiss
- EMBL-Australia Collaborating Group, Department of Genome Sciences, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst (Sydney), New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Anthony A Millar
- Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
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25
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Koprivova A, Kopriva S. Hormonal control of sulfate uptake and assimilation. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 91:617-27. [PMID: 26810064 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-016-0438-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plant hormones have a plethora of functions in control of plant development, stress response, and primary metabolism, including nutrient homeostasis. In the plant nutrition, the interplay of hormones with responses to nitrate and phosphate deficiency is well described, but relatively little is known about the interaction between phytohormones and regulation of sulfur metabolism. As for other nutrients, sulfate deficiency results in modulation of root architecture, where hormones are expected to play an important role. Accordingly, sulfate deficiency induces genes involved in metabolism of tryptophane and auxin. Also jasmonate biosynthesis is induced, pointing to the need of increase the defense capabilities of the plants when sulfur is limiting. However, hormones affect also sulfate uptake and assimilation. The pathway is coordinately induced by jasmonate and the key enzyme, adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate reductase, is additionally regulated by ethylene, abscisic acid, nitric oxid, and other phytohormones. Perhaps the most intriguing link between hormones and sulfate assimilation is the fact that the main regulator of the response to sulfate starvation, SULFATE LIMITATION1 (SLIM1) belongs to the family of ethylene related transcription factors. We will review the current knowledge of interplay between phytohormones and control of sulfur metabolism and discuss the main open questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Koprivova
- Botanical Institute, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stanislav Kopriva
- Botanical Institute, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany.
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26
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Xi H, Xu H, Xu W, He Z, Xu W, Ma M. A SAL1 Loss-of-Function Arabidopsis Mutant Exhibits Enhanced Cadmium Tolerance in Association with Alleviation of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 57:1210-9. [PMID: 27044671 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
SAL1, as a negative regulator of stress response signaling, has been studied extensively for its role in plant response to environmental stresses. However, the role of SAL1 in cadmium (Cd) stress response and the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Using an Arabidopsis thaliana loss-of-function mutant of SAL1, we assessed Cd resistance and further explored the Cd toxicity mechanism through analysis of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. The loss of SAL1 function greatly improved Cd tolerance and significantly attenuated ER stress in Arabidopsis. Exposure to Cd induced an ER stress response in Arabidopsis as evidenced by unconventional splicing of AtbZIP60 and up-regulation of ER stress-responsive genes. Damage caused by Cd was markedly reduced in the ER stress response double mutant bzip28 bzip60 or by application of the ER stress-alleviating chemical agents, tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) and 4-phenyl butyric acid (4-PBA), in wild-type plants. The Cd-induced ER stress in Arabidopsis was also alleviated by loss of function of SAL1. These results identified SAL1 as a new component mediating Cd toxicity and established the role of the ER stress response in Cd toxicity. Additionally, the attenuated ER stress in the sal1 mutant might also shed new light on the mechanism of diverse abiotic stress resistance in the SAL1 loss-of-function mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Xi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Hua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Wenxiu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Zhenyan He
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Wenzhong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Mi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
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27
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Koprivova A, Kopriva S. Sulfation pathways in plants. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 259:23-30. [PMID: 27206694 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Plants take up sulfur in the form of sulfate. Sulfate is activated to adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (APS) and reduced to sulfite and then to sulfide when it is assimilated into amino acid cysteine. Alternatively, APS is phosphorylated to 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS), and sulfate from PAPS is transferred onto diverse metabolites in its oxidized form. Traditionally, these pathways are referred to as primary and secondary sulfate metabolism, respectively. However, the synthesis of PAPS is essential for plants and even its reduced provision leads to dwarfism. Here the current knowledge of enzymes involved in sulfation pathways of plants will be summarized, the similarities and differences between different kingdoms will be highlighted, and major open questions in the research of plant sulfation will be formulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Koprivova
- Botanical Institute, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Stanislav Kopriva
- Botanical Institute, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany.
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28
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Chan KX, Phua SY, Crisp P, McQuinn R, Pogson BJ. Learning the Languages of the Chloroplast: Retrograde Signaling and Beyond. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 67:25-53. [PMID: 26735063 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-043015-111854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The chloroplast can act as an environmental sensor, communicating with the cell during biogenesis and operation to change the expression of thousands of proteins. This process, termed retrograde signaling, regulates expression in response to developmental cues and stresses that affect photosynthesis and yield. Recent advances have identified many signals and pathways-including carotenoid derivatives, isoprenes, phosphoadenosines, tetrapyrroles, and heme, together with reactive oxygen species and proteins-that build a communication network to regulate gene expression, RNA turnover, and splicing. However, retrograde signaling pathways have been viewed largely as a means of bilateral communication between organelles and nuclei, ignoring their potential to interact with hormone signaling and the cell as a whole to regulate plant form and function. Here, we discuss new findings on the processes by which organelle communication is initiated, transmitted, and perceived, not only to regulate chloroplastic processes but also to intersect with cellular signaling and alter physiological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xun Chan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia; , , , ,
| | - Su Yin Phua
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia; , , , ,
| | - Peter Crisp
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia; , , , ,
| | - Ryan McQuinn
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia; , , , ,
| | - Barry J Pogson
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia; , , , ,
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29
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ROTUNDA3 function in plant development by phosphatase 2A-mediated regulation of auxin transporter recycling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:2768-73. [PMID: 26888284 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1501343112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The shaping of organs in plants depends on the intercellular flow of the phytohormone auxin, of which the directional signaling is determined by the polar subcellular localization of PIN-FORMED (PIN) auxin transport proteins. Phosphorylation dynamics of PIN proteins are affected by the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and the PINOID kinase, which act antagonistically to mediate their apical-basal polar delivery. Here, we identified the ROTUNDA3 (RON3) protein as a regulator of the PP2A phosphatase activity in Arabidopsis thaliana. The RON3 gene was map-based cloned starting from the ron3-1 leaf mutant and found to be a unique, plant-specific gene coding for a protein with high and dispersed proline content. The ron3-1 and ron3-2 mutant phenotypes [i.e., reduced apical dominance, primary root length, lateral root emergence, and growth; increased ectopic stages II, IV, and V lateral root primordia; decreased auxin maxima in indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-treated root apical meristems; hypergravitropic root growth and response; increased IAA levels in shoot apices; and reduced auxin accumulation in root meristems] support a role for RON3 in auxin biology. The affinity-purified PP2A complex with RON3 as bait suggested that RON3 might act in PIN transporter trafficking. Indeed, pharmacological interference with vesicle trafficking processes revealed that single ron3-2 and double ron3-2 rcn1 mutants have altered PIN polarity and endocytosis in specific cells. Our data indicate that RON3 contributes to auxin-mediated development by playing a role in PIN recycling and polarity establishment through regulation of the PP2A complex activity.
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Carland F, Defries A, Cutler S, Nelson T. Novel Vein Patterns in Arabidopsis Induced by Small Molecules. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 170:338-53. [PMID: 26574596 PMCID: PMC4704596 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The critical role of veins in transporting water, nutrients, and signals suggests that some key regulators of vein formation may be genetically redundant and, thus, undetectable by forward genetic screens. To identify such regulators, we screened more than 5000 structurally diverse small molecules for compounds that alter Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaf vein patterns. Many compound-induced phenotypes were observed, including vein networks with an open reticulum; decreased or increased vein number and thickness; and misaligned, misshapen, or nonpolar vascular cells. Further characterization of several individual active compounds suggests that their targets include hormone cross talk, hormone-dependent transcription, and PIN-FORMED trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine Carland
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520 (F.C., T.N.);Bloomfield Industries, Inc., Staten Island, New York 10314 (A.D.); andDepartment of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92507 (S.C.)
| | - Andrew Defries
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520 (F.C., T.N.);Bloomfield Industries, Inc., Staten Island, New York 10314 (A.D.); andDepartment of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92507 (S.C.)
| | - Sean Cutler
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520 (F.C., T.N.);Bloomfield Industries, Inc., Staten Island, New York 10314 (A.D.); andDepartment of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92507 (S.C.)
| | - Timothy Nelson
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520 (F.C., T.N.);Bloomfield Industries, Inc., Staten Island, New York 10314 (A.D.); andDepartment of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92507 (S.C.)
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31
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Bühler J, Rishmawi L, Pflugfelder D, Huber G, Scharr H, Hülskamp M, Koornneef M, Schurr U, Jahnke S. phenoVein-A Tool for Leaf Vein Segmentation and Analysis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 169:2359-70. [PMID: 26468519 PMCID: PMC4677892 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Precise measurements of leaf vein traits are an important aspect of plant phenotyping for ecological and genetic research. Here, we present a powerful and user-friendly image analysis tool named phenoVein. It is dedicated to automated segmenting and analyzing of leaf veins in images acquired with different imaging modalities (microscope, macrophotography, etc.), including options for comfortable manual correction. Advanced image filtering emphasizes veins from the background and compensates for local brightness inhomogeneities. The most important traits being calculated are total vein length, vein density, piecewise vein lengths and widths, areole area, and skeleton graph statistics, like the number of branching or ending points. For the determination of vein widths, a model-based vein edge estimation approach has been implemented. Validation was performed for the measurement of vein length, vein width, and vein density of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), proving the reliability of phenoVein. We demonstrate the power of phenoVein on a set of previously described vein structure mutants of Arabidopsis (hemivenata, ondulata3, and asymmetric leaves2-101) compared with wild-type accessions Columbia-0 and Landsberg erecta-0. phenoVein is freely available as open-source software.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Bühler
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Juelich, Germany (J.B., D.P., G.H., H.S., U.S., S.J.);Botanical Institute and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne Biocenter, 50674 Cologne, Germany (L.R., M.H); andMax Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), 50829 Cologne, Germany (L.R., M.K.)
| | - Louai Rishmawi
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Juelich, Germany (J.B., D.P., G.H., H.S., U.S., S.J.);Botanical Institute and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne Biocenter, 50674 Cologne, Germany (L.R., M.H); andMax Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), 50829 Cologne, Germany (L.R., M.K.)
| | - Daniel Pflugfelder
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Juelich, Germany (J.B., D.P., G.H., H.S., U.S., S.J.);Botanical Institute and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne Biocenter, 50674 Cologne, Germany (L.R., M.H); andMax Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), 50829 Cologne, Germany (L.R., M.K.)
| | - Gregor Huber
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Juelich, Germany (J.B., D.P., G.H., H.S., U.S., S.J.);Botanical Institute and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne Biocenter, 50674 Cologne, Germany (L.R., M.H); andMax Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), 50829 Cologne, Germany (L.R., M.K.)
| | - Hanno Scharr
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Juelich, Germany (J.B., D.P., G.H., H.S., U.S., S.J.);Botanical Institute and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne Biocenter, 50674 Cologne, Germany (L.R., M.H); andMax Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), 50829 Cologne, Germany (L.R., M.K.)
| | - Martin Hülskamp
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Juelich, Germany (J.B., D.P., G.H., H.S., U.S., S.J.);Botanical Institute and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne Biocenter, 50674 Cologne, Germany (L.R., M.H); andMax Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), 50829 Cologne, Germany (L.R., M.K.)
| | - Maarten Koornneef
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Juelich, Germany (J.B., D.P., G.H., H.S., U.S., S.J.);Botanical Institute and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne Biocenter, 50674 Cologne, Germany (L.R., M.H); andMax Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), 50829 Cologne, Germany (L.R., M.K.)
| | - Ulrich Schurr
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Juelich, Germany (J.B., D.P., G.H., H.S., U.S., S.J.);Botanical Institute and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne Biocenter, 50674 Cologne, Germany (L.R., M.H); andMax Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), 50829 Cologne, Germany (L.R., M.K.)
| | - Siegfried Jahnke
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Juelich, Germany (J.B., D.P., G.H., H.S., U.S., S.J.);Botanical Institute and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne Biocenter, 50674 Cologne, Germany (L.R., M.H); andMax Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), 50829 Cologne, Germany (L.R., M.K.)
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Caringella MA, Bongers FJ, Sack L. Leaf hydraulic conductance varies with vein anatomy across Arabidopsis thaliana wild-type and leaf vein mutants. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:2735-46. [PMID: 26047314 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Leaf venation is diverse across plant species and has practical applications from paleobotany to modern agriculture. However, the impact of vein traits on plant performance has not yet been tested in a model system such as Arabidopsis thaliana. Previous studies analysed cotyledons of A. thaliana vein mutants and identified visible differences in their vein systems from the wild type (WT). We measured leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf ), vein traits, and xylem and mesophyll anatomy for A. thaliana WT (Col-0) and four vein mutants (dot3-111 and dot3-134, and cvp1-3 and cvp2-1). Mutant true leaves did not possess the qualitative venation anomalies previously shown in the cotyledons, but varied quantitatively in vein traits and leaf anatomy across genotypes. The WT had significantly higher mean Kleaf . Across all genotypes, there was a strong correlation of Kleaf with traits related to hydraulic conductance across the bundle sheath, as influenced by the number and radial diameter of bundle sheath cells and vein length per area. These findings support the hypothesis that vein traits influence Kleaf , indicating the usefulness of this mutant system for testing theory that was primarily established comparatively across species, and supports a strong role for the bundle sheath in influencing Kleaf .
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa A Caringella
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Franca J Bongers
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute for Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lawren Sack
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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Sánchez-García AB, Aguilera V, Micol-Ponce R, Jover-Gil S, Ponce MR. Arabidopsis MAS2, an Essential Gene That Encodes a Homolog of Animal NF-κ B Activating Protein, Is Involved in 45S Ribosomal DNA Silencing. THE PLANT CELL 2015; 27:1999-2015. [PMID: 26139346 PMCID: PMC4531349 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.15.00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Ribosome biogenesis requires stoichiometric amounts of ribosomal proteins and rRNAs. Synthesis of rRNAs consumes most of the transcriptional activity of eukaryotic cells, but its regulation remains largely unclear in plants. We conducted a screen for ethyl methanesulfonate-induced suppressors of Arabidopsis thaliana ago1-52, a hypomorphic allele of AGO1 (ARGONAUTE1), a key gene in microRNA pathways. We identified nine extragenic suppressors as alleles of MAS2 (MORPHOLOGY OF AGO1-52 SUPPRESSED2). Positional cloning showed that MAS2 encodes the putative ortholog of NKAP (NF-κ B activating protein), a conserved eukaryotic protein involved in transcriptional repression and splicing in animals. The mas2 point mutations behave as informational suppressors of ago1 alleles that cause missplicing. MAS2 is a single-copy gene whose insertional alleles are embryonic lethal. In yeast two-hybrid assays, MAS2 interacted with splicing and ribosome biogenesis proteins, and fluorescence in situ hybridization showed that MAS2 colocalizes with the 45S rDNA at the nucleolar organizer regions (NORs). The artificial microRNA amiR-MAS2 partially repressed MAS2 and caused hypomethylation of 45S rDNA promoters as well as partial NOR decondensation, indicating that MAS2 negatively regulates 45S rDNA expression. Our results thus reveal a key player in the regulation of rRNA synthesis in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Verónica Aguilera
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Rosa Micol-Ponce
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Sara Jover-Gil
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - María Rosa Ponce
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain
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Jiang H, Zhang S, Feng L, Korpelainen H, Li C. Transcriptional profiling in dioecious plant Populus cathayana reveals potential and sex-related molecular adaptations to solar UV-B radiation. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2015; 153:105-118. [PMID: 24813713 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence confirming that dioecious plants have evolved a series of sex-related physiological mechanisms allowing acclimation to environmental stresses, but few studies have attempted to thoroughly uncover the potential molecular regulation underlying these responses. Recently, we found in the dioecious plant, Populus cathayana, that males possess a greater tolerance to enhanced UV-B radiation than do females. To continue this work further, comparative transcriptome analyses were carried out. A total of 362 and 296 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in males and females, respectively. Similarly, as shown in previous studies, these DEGs were involved in a set of conserved functions and pathways related to UV-B stress, regardless of the sex. On the other hand, sex-related responses via transcriptome remodeling were detected, as changes in sex-related gene expression occurred in some pathways. For example, many DEGs involved in amino acid metabolism were mainly upregulated in males but downregulated in females. In some pathways, DEGs were expressed predominantly or exclusively in one sex. This may directly contribute to sex-related physiological responses. Taken together, our results not only provide strong evidence that males and females have adopted sex-related molecular strategies in response to solar UV-B radiation but also suggest many new insights, in particular into molecular regulation, via sex-biased gene expression. We conclude that these results can further enhance the sustainable exploitation and management of P. cathayana plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
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Stanko V, Giuliani C, Retzer K, Djamei A, Wahl V, Wurzinger B, Wilson C, Heberle-Bors E, Teige M, Kragler F. Timing is everything: highly specific and transient expression of a MAP kinase determines auxin-induced leaf venation patterns in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2014; 7:1637-1652. [PMID: 25064848 PMCID: PMC4228985 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssu080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are universal signal transduction modules present in all eukaryotes. In plants, MAPK cascades were shown to regulate cell division, developmental processes, stress responses, and hormone pathways. The subgroup A of Arabidopsis MAPKs consists of AtMPK3, AtMPK6, and AtMPK10. AtMPK3 and AtMPK6 are activated by their upstream MAP kinase kinases (MKKs) AtMKK4 and AtMKK5 in response to biotic and abiotic stress. In addition, they were identified as key regulators of stomatal development and patterning. AtMPK10 has long been considered as a pseudo-gene, derived from a gene duplication of AtMPK6. Here we show that AtMPK10 is expressed highly but very transiently in seedlings and at sites of local auxin maxima leaves. MPK10 encodes a functional kinase and interacts with the upstream MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK) AtMKK2. mpk10 mutants are delayed in flowering in long-day conditions and in continuous light. Moreover, cotyledons of mpk10 and mkk2 mutants have reduced vein complexity, which can be reversed by inhibiting polar auxin transport (PAT). Auxin does not affect AtMPK10 expression while treatment with the PAT inhibitor HFCA extends the expression in leaves and reverses the mpk10 mutant phenotype. These results suggest that the AtMKK2-AtMPK10 MAPK module regulates venation complexity by altering PAT efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Stanko
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Max. F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Dr. Bohrgasse 9/4, Vienna, A-1030, Austria; Present address: Felix-Klein-Gymnasium, Böttingerstraße 17, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Concetta Giuliani
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Max. F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Dr. Bohrgasse 9/4, Vienna, A-1030, Austria; Present address: Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 11, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katarzyna Retzer
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Max. F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Dr. Bohrgasse 9/4, Vienna, A-1030, Austria; Present address: Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Armin Djamei
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Max. F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Dr. Bohrgasse 9/4, Vienna, A-1030, Austria; Present address: Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Vanessa Wahl
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wurzinger
- Department of Biochemistry, Max. F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Dr. Bohrgasse 9/5, Vienna, A-1030, Austria; Present address: Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Cathal Wilson
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Max. F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Dr. Bohrgasse 9/4, Vienna, A-1030, Austria; Present address: Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Pietro Castellino, 111, 80131-Naples, Italy
| | - Erwin Heberle-Bors
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Max. F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Dr. Bohrgasse 9/4, Vienna, A-1030, Austria
| | - Markus Teige
- Department of Biochemistry, Max. F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Dr. Bohrgasse 9/5, Vienna, A-1030, Austria; Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Friedrich Kragler
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Max. F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Dr. Bohrgasse 9/5, Vienna, A-1030, Austria.
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An R, Liu X, Wang R, Wu H, Liang S, Shao J, Qi Y, An L, Yu F. The over-expression of two transcription factors, ABS5/bHLH30 and ABS7/MYB101, leads to upwardly curly leaves. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107637. [PMID: 25268707 PMCID: PMC4182325 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper leaf development is essential for plant growth and development, and leaf morphogenesis is under the control of intricate networks of genetic and environmental cues. We are interested in dissecting these regulatory circuits genetically and report here the isolation of two Arabidopsis dominant mutants, abnormal shoot5-1D (abs5-1D) and abs7-1D identified through activation tagging screens. Both abs5-1D and abs7-1D display an intriguing upwardly curly leaf phenotype. Molecular cloning showed that the elevated expression of a bHLH transcription factor ABS5/T5L1/bHLH30 or a MYB transcription factor ABS7/MYB101 is the cause for the abnormal leaf phenotypes found in abs5-1D or abs7-1D, respectively. Protoplast transient expression assays confirmed that both ABS5/T5L1 and ABS7/MYB101 are targeted to the nucleus. Interestingly, the expression domains of auxin response reporter DR5::GUS were abnormal in leaves of abs5-1D and ABS5/T5L1 over-expression lines. Moreover, cotyledon venation analysis showed that more areoles and free-ending veins are formed in abs5-1D. We found that the epidermis-specific expressions of ABS5/T5L1 or ABS7/MYB101 driven by the Arabidopsis Meristem Layer 1 promoter (PAtML1) were sufficient to recapitulate the curly leaf phenotype of abs5-1D or abs7-1D. In addition, PAtML1::ABS5 lines exhibited similar changes in DR5::GUS expression patterns as those found in 35S-driven ABS5/T5L1 over-expression lines. Our work demonstrated that enhanced expressions of two transcription factors, ABS5/T5L1 and ABS7/MYB101, are able to alter leaf lamina development and reinforce the notion that leaf epidermis plays critical roles in regulating plant organ morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui An
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiayan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Haicui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingxia Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yafei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun An
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Casanova-Sáez R, Mateo-Bonmatí E, Kangasjärvi S, Candela H, Micol JL. Arabidopsis ANGULATA10 is required for thylakoid biogenesis and mesophyll development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:2391-404. [PMID: 24663344 PMCID: PMC4036511 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The chloroplasts of land plants contain internal membrane systems, the thylakoids, which are arranged in stacks called grana. Because grana have not been found in Cyanobacteria, the evolutionary origin of genes controlling the structural and functional diversification of thylakoidal membranes in land plants remains unclear. The angulata10-1 (anu10-1) mutant, which exhibits pale-green rosettes, reduced growth, and deficient leaf lateral expansion, resulting in the presence of prominent marginal teeth, was isolated. Palisade cells in anu10-1 are larger and less packed than in the wild type, giving rise to large intercellular spaces. The ANU10 gene encodes a protein of unknown function that localizes to both chloroplasts and amyloplasts. In chloroplasts, ANU10 associates with thylakoidal membranes. Mutant anu10-1 chloroplasts accumulate H2O2, and have reduced levels of chlorophyll and carotenoids. Moreover, these chloroplasts are small and abnormally shaped, thylakoidal membranes are less abundant, and their grana are absent due to impaired thylakoid stacking in the anu10-1 mutant. Because the trimeric light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) has been reported to be required for thylakoid stacking, its levels were determined in anu10-1 thylakoids and they were found to be reduced. Together, the data point to a requirement for ANU10 for chloroplast and mesophyll development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Casanova-Sáez
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Eduardo Mateo-Bonmatí
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Saijaliisa Kangasjärvi
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Héctor Candela
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - José Luis Micol
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain
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Tejos R, Sauer M, Vanneste S, Palacios-Gomez M, Li H, Heilmann M, van Wijk R, Vermeer JEM, Heilmann I, Munnik T, Friml J. Bipolar Plasma Membrane Distribution of Phosphoinositides and Their Requirement for Auxin-Mediated Cell Polarity and Patterning in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:2114-2128. [PMID: 24876254 PMCID: PMC4079372 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.126185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Cell polarity manifested by asymmetric distribution of cargoes, such as receptors and transporters, within the plasma membrane (PM) is crucial for essential functions in multicellular organisms. In plants, cell polarity (re)establishment is intimately linked to patterning processes. Despite the importance of cell polarity, its underlying mechanisms are still largely unknown, including the definition and distinctiveness of the polar domains within the PM. Here, we show in Arabidopsis thaliana that the signaling membrane components, the phosphoinositides phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PtdIns4P) and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P2] as well as PtdIns4P 5-kinases mediating their interconversion, are specifically enriched at apical and basal polar plasma membrane domains. The PtdIns4P 5-kinases PIP5K1 and PIP5K2 are redundantly required for polar localization of specifically apical and basal cargoes, such as PIN-FORMED transporters for the plant hormone auxin. As a consequence of the polarity defects, instructive auxin gradients as well as embryonic and postembryonic patterning are severely compromised. Furthermore, auxin itself regulates PIP5K transcription and PtdIns4P and PtdIns(4,5)P2 levels, in particular their association with polar PM domains. Our results provide insight into the polar domain-delineating mechanisms in plant cells that depend on apical and basal distribution of membrane lipids and are essential for embryonic and postembryonic patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Tejos
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michael Sauer
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steffen Vanneste
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Hongjiang Li
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Mareike Heilmann
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ringo van Wijk
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Section Plant Physiology, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joop E M Vermeer
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Section Plant Physiology, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ingo Heilmann
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Teun Munnik
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Section Plant Physiology, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jiří Friml
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
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Casanova-Sáez R, Candela H, Micol JL. Combined haploinsufficiency and purifying selection drive retention of RPL36a paralogs in Arabidopsis. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4122. [PMID: 24535089 PMCID: PMC3927210 DOI: 10.1038/srep04122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-genome duplication events have driven to a large degree the evolution of angiosperm genomes. Although the majority of redundant gene copies after a genome duplication are lost, subfunctionalization or gene balance account for the retention of gene copies. The Arabidopsis 80S ribosome represents an excellent model to test the gene balance hypothesis as it consists of 80 ribosomal proteins, all of them encoded by genes belonging to small gene families. Here, we present the isolation of mutant alleles of the APICULATA2 (API2) and RPL36aA paralogous genes, which encode identical ribosomal proteins but share a similarity of 89% in their coding sequences. RPL36aA was found expressed at a higher level than API2 in the wild type. The loss-of-function api2 and rpl36aa mutations are recessive and affect leaf development in a similar way. Their double mutant combinations with asymmetric leaves2-1 (as2-1) caused leaf polarity defects that were stronger in rpl36aa as2-1 than in api2 as2-1. Our results highlight the role of combined haploinsufficiency and purifying selection in the retention of these paralogous genes in the Arabidopsis genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Casanova-Sáez
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Héctor Candela
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - José Luis Micol
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain
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Furuta KM, Hellmann E, Helariutta Y. Molecular control of cell specification and cell differentiation during procambial development. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 65:607-38. [PMID: 24579995 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-050213-040306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Land plants develop vascular tissues that enable the long-distance transport of water and nutrients in xylem and phloem, provide mechanical support for their vertical growth, and produce cells in radial growth. Vascular tissues are produced in many parts of the plant and during different developmental stages. Early vascular development is focused in procambial meristems, and in some species it continues during the secondary phase of plant development in cambial meristems. In this review, we highlight recent progress in understanding procambial development. This involves the analysis of stem cell-like properties of procambial tissues, specification of xylem and phloem, and differentiation of the conductive tissues. Several major plant hormones, small-RNA species, and transcriptional networks play a role in vascular development. We describe current approaches to integrating these networks as well as their potential role in explaining the diversity and evolution of plant vascular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Miyashima Furuta
- Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland; , ,
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Gašparič MB, Lenassi M, Gostinčar C, Rotter A, Plemenitaš A, Gunde-Cimerman N, Gruden K, Žel J. Insertion of a specific fungal 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphatase motif into a plant homologue improves halotolerance and drought tolerance of plants. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81872. [PMID: 24349144 PMCID: PMC3857206 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil salinity and drought are among the most serious agricultural and environmental problems of today. Therefore, investigations of plant resistance to abiotic stress have received a lot of attention in recent years. In this study, we identified the complete coding sequence of a 3′-phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphatase protein, ApHal2, from the halotolerant yeast Aureobasidium pullulans. Expression of the ApHAL2 gene in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae hal2 mutant complemented the mutant auxotrophy for methionine, and rescued the growth of the hal2 mutant in media with high NaCl concentrations. A 21-amino-acids-long region of the ApHal2 enzyme was inserted into the Arabidopsis thaliana homologue of Hal2, the SAL1 phosphatase. The inserted sequence included the META motif, which has previously been implicated in increased sodium tolerance of the Hal2 homologue from a related fungal species. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing this modified SAL1 (mSAL1) showed improved halotolerance and drought tolerance. In a medium with an elevated salt concentration, mSAL1-expressing plants were twice as likely to have roots in a higher length category in comparison with the wild-type Arabidopsis and with plants overexpressing the native SAL1, and had 5% to 10% larger leaf surface area under moderate and severe salt stress, respectively. Similarly, after moderate drought exposure, the mSAL1-expressing plants showed 14% increased dry weight after revitalisation, with no increase in dry weight of the wild-type plants. With severe drought, plants overexpressing native SAL1 had the worst rehydration success, consistent with the recently proposed role of SAL1 in severe drought. This was not observed for plants expressing mSAL1. Therefore, the presence of this fungal META motif sequence is beneficial under conditions of increased salinity and moderate drought, and shows no drawbacks for plant survival under severe drought. This demonstrates that adaptations of extremotolerant fungi should be considered as a valuable resource for improving stress-tolerance in plant breeding in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meti Buh Gašparič
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Metka Lenassi
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Centre of Excellence for Integrated Approaches in Chemistry and Biology of Proteins (CIPKeBiP), Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Cene Gostinčar
- Centre of Excellence for Integrated Approaches in Chemistry and Biology of Proteins (CIPKeBiP), Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ana Rotter
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ana Plemenitaš
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nina Gunde-Cimerman
- Centre of Excellence for Integrated Approaches in Chemistry and Biology of Proteins (CIPKeBiP), Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Kristina Gruden
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jana Žel
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- * E-mail:
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Ferrández-Ayela A, Micol-Ponce R, Sánchez-García AB, Alonso-Peral MM, Micol JL, Ponce MR. Mutation of an Arabidopsis NatB N-alpha-terminal acetylation complex component causes pleiotropic developmental defects. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80697. [PMID: 24244708 PMCID: PMC3828409 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
N-α-terminal acetylation is one of the most common, but least understood modifications of eukaryotic proteins. Although a high degree of conservation exists between the N-α-terminal acetylomes of plants and animals, very little information is available on this modification in plants. In yeast and humans, N-α-acetyltransferase complexes include a single catalytic subunit and one or two auxiliary subunits. Here, we report the positional cloning of TRANSCURVATA2 (TCU2), which encodes the auxiliary subunit of the NatB N-α-acetyltransferase complex in Arabidopsis. The phenotypes of loss-of-function tcu2 alleles indicate that NatB complex activity is required for flowering time regulation and for leaf, inflorescence, flower, fruit and embryonic development. In double mutants, tcu2 alleles synergistically interact with alleles of ARGONAUTE10, which encodes a component of the microRNA machinery. In summary, NatB-mediated N-α-terminal acetylation of proteins is pleiotropically required for Arabidopsis development and seems to be functionally related to the microRNA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosa Micol-Ponce
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, Elche, Spain
| | | | | | - José Luis Micol
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - María Rosa Ponce
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, Elche, Spain
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Karki S, Rizal G, Quick WP. Improvement of photosynthesis in rice (Oryza sativa L.) by inserting the C4 pathway. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2013; 6:28. [PMID: 24280149 PMCID: PMC4883725 DOI: 10.1186/1939-8433-6-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
To boost food production for a rapidly growing global population, crop yields must significantly increase. One of the avenues being recently explored is the improvement of photosynthetic capacity by installing the C4 photosynthetic pathway into C3 crops like rice to drastically increase their yield. Crops with an enhanced photosynthetic mechanism would better utilize the solar radiation that can be translated into yield. This subsequently will help in producing more grain yield, reduce water loss and increase nitrogen use efficiency especially in hot and dry environments. This review provides a summary of the factors that need to be modified in rice so that the C4 pathway can be introduced successfully. It also discusses the differences between the C3 and C4 photosynthetic pathways in terms of anatomy, biochemistry and genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanta Karki
- />C4 Rice Center, International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Laguna Philippines
| | - Govinda Rizal
- />C4 Rice Center, International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Laguna Philippines
| | - William Paul Quick
- />C4 Rice Center, International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Laguna Philippines
- />Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Ferrández-Ayela A, Alonso-Peral MM, Sánchez-García AB, Micol-Ponce R, Pérez-Pérez JM, Micol JL, Ponce MR. Arabidopsis TRANSCURVATA1 encodes NUP58, a component of the nucleopore central channel. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67661. [PMID: 23840761 PMCID: PMC3695937 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The selective trafficking of proteins and RNAs through the nuclear envelope regulates nuclear-cytoplasmic segregation of macromolecules and is mediated by nucleopore complexes (NPCs), which consist of about 400 nucleoporins (Nups) of about 30 types. Extensive studies of nucleoporin function in yeast and vertebrates showed that Nups function in nucleocytoplasmic trafficking and other processes. However, limited studies of plant Nups have identified only a few mutations, which cause pleiotropic phenotypes including reduced growth and early flowering. Here, we describe loss-of-function alleles of Arabidopsis TRANSCURVATA1 (TCU1); these mutations cause increased hypocotyl and petiole length, reticulate and asymmetrically epinastic leaf laminae of reduced size, and early flowering. TCU1 is transcribed in all of the organs and tissues examined, and encodes the putative ortholog of yeast and vertebrate Nup58, a nucleoporin of the Nup62 subcomplex. Nup58 forms the central channel of the NPC and acts directly in translocation of proteins through the nuclear envelope in yeast and vertebrates. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assays identified physical interactions between TCU1/NUP58 and 34 proteins, including nucleoporins, SCF (Skp1/Cul1/F-box) ubiquitin ligase complex components and other nucleoplasm proteins. Genetic interactions were also found between TCU1 and genes encoding nucleoporins, soluble nuclear transport receptors and components of the ubiquitin-proteasome and auxin signaling pathways. These genetic and physical interactions indicate that TCU1/NUP58 is a member of the Nup62 subcomplex of the Arabidopsis NPC. Our findings also suggest regulatory roles for TCU1/NUP58 beyond its function in nucleocytoplasmic trafficking, a hypothesis that is supported by the Y2H and genetic interactions that we observed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rosa Micol-Ponce
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, Elche, Spain
| | | | - José Luis Micol
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - María Rosa Ponce
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, Elche, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Janda M, Planchais S, Djafi N, Martinec J, Burketova L, Valentova O, Zachowski A, Ruelland E. Phosphoglycerolipids are master players in plant hormone signal transduction. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2013; 32:839-51. [PMID: 23471417 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-013-1399-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoglycerolipids are essential structural constituents of membranes and some also have important cell signalling roles. In this review, we focus on phosphoglycerolipids that are mediators in hormone signal transduction in plants. We first describe the structures of the main signalling phosphoglycerolipids and the metabolic pathways that generate them, namely the phospholipase and lipid kinase pathways. In silico analysis of Arabidopsis transcriptome data provides evidence that the genes encoding the enzymes of these pathways are transcriptionally regulated in responses to hormones, suggesting some link with hormone signal transduction. The involvement of phosphoglycerolipid signalling in the early responses to abscisic acid, salicylic acid and auxins is then detailed. One of the most important signalling lipids in plants is phosphatidic acid. It can activate or inactivate protein kinases and/or protein phosphatases involved in hormone signalling. It can also activate NADPH oxidase leading to the production of reactive oxygen species. We will interrogate the mechanisms that allow the activation/deactivation of the lipid pathways, in particular the roles of G proteins and calcium. Mediating lipids thus appear as master players of cell signalling, modulating, if not controlling, major transducing steps of hormone signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Janda
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic, 160 000 Prague, Czech Republic
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Esteve-Bruna D, Pérez-Pérez JM, Ponce MR, Micol JL. incurvata13, a novel allele of AUXIN RESISTANT6, reveals a specific role for auxin and the SCF complex in Arabidopsis embryogenesis, vascular specification, and leaf flatness. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 161:1303-20. [PMID: 23319550 PMCID: PMC3585598 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.207779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Auxin plays a pivotal role in plant development by modulating the activity of SCF ubiquitin ligase complexes. Here, we positionally cloned Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) incurvata13 (icu13), a mutation that causes leaf hyponasty and reduces leaf venation pattern complexity and auxin responsiveness. We found that icu13 is a novel recessive allele of AUXIN RESISTANT6 (AXR6), which encodes CULLIN1, an invariable component of the SCF complex. Consistent with a role for auxin in vascular specification, the vascular defects in the icu13 mutant were accompanied by reduced expression of auxin transport and auxin perception markers in provascular cells. This observation is consistent with the expression pattern of AXR6, which we found to be restricted to vascular precursors and hydathodes in wild-type leaf primordia. AXR1, RELATED TO UBIQUITIN1-CONJUGATING ENZYME1, CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC9 SIGNALOSOME5A, and CULLIN-ASSOCIATED NEDD8-DISSOCIATED1 participate in the covalent modification of CULLIN1 by RELATED TO UBIQUITIN. Hypomorphic alleles of these genes also display simple venation patterns, and their double mutant combinations with icu13 exhibited a synergistic, rootless phenotype reminiscent of that caused by loss of function of MONOPTEROS (MP), which forms an auxin-signaling module with BODENLOS (BDL). The phenotypes of double mutant combinations of icu13 with either a gain-of-function allele of BDL or a loss-of-function allele of MP were synergistic. In addition, a BDL:green fluorescent protein fusion protein accumulated in icu13, and BDL loss of function or MP overexpression suppressed the phenotype of icu13. Our results demonstrate that the MP-BDL module is required not only for root specification in embryogenesis and vascular postembryonic development but also for leaf flatness.
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Abstract
Leaves are the most important organs for plants. Without leaves, plants cannot capture light energy or synthesize organic compounds via photosynthesis. Without leaves, plants would be unable perceive diverse environmental conditions, particularly those relating to light quality/quantity. Without leaves, plants would not be able to flower because all floral organs are modified leaves. Arabidopsis thaliana is a good model system for analyzing mechanisms of eudicotyledonous, simple-leaf development. The first section of this review provides a brief history of studies on development in Arabidopsis leaves. This history largely coincides with a general history of advancement in understanding of the genetic mechanisms operating during simple-leaf development in angiosperms. In the second section, I outline events in Arabidopsis leaf development, with emphasis on genetic controls. Current knowledge of six important components in these developmental events is summarized in detail, followed by concluding remarks and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Tsukaya
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Rosar C, Kanonenberg K, Nanda AM, Mielewczik M, Bräutigam A, Novák O, Strnad M, Walter A, Weber APM. The leaf reticulate mutant dov1 is impaired in the first step of purine metabolism. MOLECULAR PLANT 2012; 5:1227-41. [PMID: 22532604 DOI: 10.1093/mp/sss045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A series of reticulated Arabidopsis thaliana mutants were previously described. All mutants show a reticulate leaf pattern, namely green veins on a pale leaf lamina. They have an aberrant mesophyll structure but an intact layer of bundle sheath cells around the veins. Here, we unravel the function of the previously described reticulated EMS-mutant dov1 (differential development of vascular associated cells 1). By positional cloning, we identified the mutated gene, which encodes glutamine phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate aminotransferase 2 (ATase2), an enzyme catalyzing the first step of purine nucleotide biosynthesis. dov1 is allelic to the previously characterized cia1-2 mutant that was isolated in a screen for mutants with impaired chloroplast protein import. We show that purine-derived total cytokinins are lowered in dov1 and crosses with phytohormone reporter lines revealed differential reporter activity patterns in dov1. Metabolite profiling unraveled that amino acids that are involved in purine biosynthesis are increased in dov1. This study identified the molecular basis of an established mutant line, which has the potential for further investigation of the interaction between metabolism and leaf development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Rosar
- Institute for Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Song JB, Huang SQ, Dalmay T, Yang ZM. Regulation of leaf morphology by microRNA394 and its target LEAF CURLING RESPONSIVENESS. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 53:1283-94. [PMID: 22619471 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcs080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study identified Arabidopsis miR394 and its target, an F-box (SKP1-Cullin/CDC53-F-box) gene At1g27340 (here referred to as LEAF CURLING RESPONSIVENESS, LCR), for regulation of leaf curling-related morphology. The loss-of-function lcr mutants exhibit pleiotropic defects with semi-dwarfism, altered leaf shape and a shorter stem. Overexpression of an miR394-resistant version of LCR under the 35S promoter (35S:m5LCR) and target mimicry MIM394 resulted in a curled-down leaf defect. Conversely, transgenic plants overexpressing 35S:MIR394a/b display a curled-up leaf phenotype. Detailed analyses show that there is a certain level of LCR that is optimal for leaf morphology, but lower or higher levels lead to abnormal leaf development, indicating that expression of miR394 in the leaf lamina is necessary for proper leaf morphology. Because the phytohormone auxin plays a crucial role in leaf morphogenesis and patterning, the DR5-GUS reporter gene was used to monitor the auxin response. We show that DR5 expression patterns in lcr and 35S::m5LCR plants were significantly different from those in the wild type. Also, overexpression of LCR in 35S::m5LCR plants drastically decreased the expression of the auxin-responsive genes IAA3, AXR3 and IAMT1, whereas increased expression of the genes was found in 35S::MIR394a plants. These results indicate that miR394 and its target LCR are involved in the regulation of leaf development.
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MESH Headings
- Agrobacterium tumefaciens/genetics
- Agrobacterium tumefaciens/metabolism
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Arabidopsis/genetics
- Arabidopsis/metabolism
- Arabidopsis/physiology
- Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics
- Arabidopsis Proteins/metabolism
- Chromosomes, Plant/genetics
- Chromosomes, Plant/metabolism
- Cloning, Molecular
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
- Genes, Plant
- Genes, Reporter
- Indoleacetic Acids/metabolism
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Plant Leaves/genetics
- Plant Leaves/physiology
- Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics
- Plants, Genetically Modified/metabolism
- Plants, Genetically Modified/physiology
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- RNA, Plant/genetics
- RNA, Plant/metabolism
- Transcription Factors
- Transformation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Bo Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
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50
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Lee BR, Huseby S, Koprivova A, Chételat A, Wirtz M, Mugford ST, Navid E, Brearley C, Saha S, Mithen R, Hell R, Farmer EE, Kopriva S. Effects of fou8/fry1 mutation on sulfur metabolism: is decreased internal sulfate the trigger of sulfate starvation response? PLoS One 2012; 7:e39425. [PMID: 22724014 PMCID: PMC3377649 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The fou8 loss of function allele of adenosine bisphosphate phosphatase FIERY1 results in numerous phenotypes including the increased enzymatic oxygenation of fatty acids and increased jasmonate synthesis. Here we show that the mutation causes also profound alterations of sulfur metabolism. The fou8 mutants possess lower levels of sulfated secondary compounds, glucosinolates, and accumulate the desulfo-precursors similar to previously described mutants in adenosine 5′phosphosulfate kinase. Transcript levels of genes involved in sulfate assimilation differ in fou8 compared to wild type Col-0 plants and are similar to plants subjected to sulfate deficiency. Indeed, independent microarray analyses of various alleles of mutants in FIERY1 showed similar patterns of gene expression as in sulfate deficient plants. This was not caused by alterations in signalling, as the fou8 mutants contained significantly lower levels of sulfate and glutathione and, consequently, of total elemental sulfur. Analysis of mutants with altered levels of sulfate and glutathione confirmed the correlation of sulfate deficiency-like gene expression pattern with low internal sulfate but not low glutathione. The changes in sulfur metabolism in fou8 correlated with massive increases in 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphate levels. The analysis of fou8 thus revealed that sulfate starvation response is triggered by a decrease in internal sulfate as opposed to external sulfate availability and that the presence of desulfo-glucosinolates does not induce the glucosinolate synthesis network. However, as well as resolving these important questions on the regulation of sulfate assimilation in plants, fou8 has also opened an array of new questions on the links between jasmonate synthesis and sulfur metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bok-Rye Lee
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Stine Huseby
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Department of Plant- and Environmental Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway
| | - Anna Koprivova
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Aurore Chételat
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Markus Wirtz
- Heidelberg Institute for Plant Sciences (HIP), Im Neuenheimer Feld 360, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sam T. Mugford
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Navid
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Charles Brearley
- University of East Anglia, School of Biological Sciences, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - Shikha Saha
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Mithen
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Rüdiger Hell
- Heidelberg Institute for Plant Sciences (HIP), Im Neuenheimer Feld 360, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Edward E. Farmer
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stanislav Kopriva
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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