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Khatoon K, Warsi ZI, Singh A, Singh K, Khan F, Singh P, Shukla RK, Verma RS, Singh MK, Verma SK, Husain Z, Parween G, Singh P, Afroz S, Rahman LU. Bridging fungal resistance and plant growth through constitutive overexpression of Thchit42 gene in Pelargonium graveolens. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:147. [PMID: 38771491 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03233-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Thchit42 constitutive expression for fungal resistance showed synchronisation with leaf augmentation and transcriptome analysis revealed the Longifolia and Zinc finger RICESLEEPER gene is responsible for plant growth and development. Pelargonium graveolens essential oil possesses significant attributes, known for perfumery and aromatherapy. However, optimal yield and propagation are predominantly hindered by biotic stress. All biotechnological approaches have yet to prove effective in addressing fungal resistance. The current study developed transgenic geranium bridging molecular mechanism of fungal resistance and plant growth by introducing cassette 35S::Thchit42. Furthermore, 120 independently putative transformed explants were regenerated on kanamycin fortified medium. Primarily transgenic lines were demonstrated peak pathogenicity and antifungal activity against formidable Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Fusarium oxysporum. Additionally, phenotypic analysis revealed ~ 2fold increase in leaf size and ~ 2.1fold enhanced oil content. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms for genotypic cause, de novo transcriptional profiles were analyzed to indicate that the auxin-regulated longifolia gene is accountable for augmentation in leaf size, and zinc finger (ZF) RICESLEEPER attributes growth upregulation. Collectively, data provides valuable insights into unravelling the mechanism of Thchit42-mediated crosstalk between morphological and chemical alteration in transgenic plants. This knowledge might create novel opportunities to cultivate fungal-resistant geranium throughout all seasons to fulfil demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahkashan Khatoon
- Plant Tissue Culture Lab, Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226015, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Zafar Iqbal Warsi
- Plant Tissue Culture Lab, Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226015, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Akanksha Singh
- Division of Crop Production and Protection, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | - Kajal Singh
- Division of Crop Production and Protection, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | - Feroz Khan
- Technology Dissemination and Computational Biology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | - Palak Singh
- Technology Dissemination and Computational Biology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Shukla
- Plant Tissue Culture Lab, Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226015, India
| | - Ram Swaroop Verma
- Phytochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | - Munmun K Singh
- Phytochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | - Sanjeet K Verma
- Plant Tissue Culture Lab, Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226015, India
| | - Zakir Husain
- Plant Tissue Culture Lab, Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226015, India
| | - Gazala Parween
- Plant Tissue Culture Lab, Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226015, India
| | - Pooja Singh
- Plant Tissue Culture Lab, Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226015, India
| | - Shama Afroz
- Plant Tissue Culture Lab, Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226015, India
| | - Laiq Ur Rahman
- Plant Tissue Culture Lab, Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226015, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India.
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Demiwal P, Nabi SU, Mir JI, Verma MK, Yadav SR, Roy P, Sircar D. Methyl jasmonate improves resistance in scab-susceptible Red Delicious apple by altering ROS homeostasis and enhancing phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108371. [PMID: 38271863 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Apple (Malus domestica) is an economically important rosaceous fruit crop grown at temperate climate zones. Nevertheless, its production is severely affected by scab disease caused by the ascomycetous fungus Venturia inaequalis (VI). Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is a stress induced plant hormone, shown to induce resistance against wide range of pathogens. The current study investigated the role of MeJA in promoting scab tolerance in susceptible apple varieties through exogenous application of optimized (100 μM) MeJA concentration, followed by VI infection. According to our analysis, applying MeJA exogenously onto leaf surfaces resulted in increased membrane stability and decreased malondialdehyde levels in Red Delicious, suggesting that MeJA is capable of protecting tissues against oxidative damage through its role in restoring membrane stability. In addition, the changes in the levels of key antioxidative enzymes and reactive oxygen species (ROS) showed that exogenous MeJA maintains ROS homeostasis as well. Higher phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity and increased accumulation of phenylpropanoids in MeJA-treated VI-infected plants indicated the MeJA reprogrammed phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway for scab tolerance. Our study of scab tolerance in apples induced by MeJA provides new insights into its physiological and biochemical mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Demiwal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - Sajad Un Nabi
- Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture (ICAR-CITH), Srinagar, 190 005, J&K, India
| | - Javid Iqbal Mir
- Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture (ICAR-CITH), Srinagar, 190 005, J&K, India
| | - Mahendra K Verma
- Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture (ICAR-CITH), Srinagar, 190 005, J&K, India
| | - Shri Ram Yadav
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - Partha Roy
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - Debabrata Sircar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India.
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Patni B, Bhattacharyya M, Pokhriyal A. The role of signaling compounds in enhancing rice allelochemicals for sustainable agriculture: an overview. PLANTA 2023; 258:90. [PMID: 37775539 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04241-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Plant phytotoxin synthesis is influenced by intricate signaling networks like jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA). These compounds not only induce allelochemical production but also aid weed suppression and plant immunity. (-)-Loliolide, JA, SA, and their derivatives trigger rice allelochemical synthesis and gene expression. Enhancing allelochemical synthesis in crops offers an alternative, reducing reliance on traditional herbicides for effective weed management. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) serves as a crucial staple food crop, nourishing over half of the global population, particularly in South Asia. Within rice plants, various secondary metabolites are produced, contributing to its nutritional value and providing energy to consumers. Over the last 5 decades, researchers have investigated 276 distinct types of secondary metabolites found in rice plants. These metabolites predominantly include phenolic acids, flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and their derivatives. The role of these secondary metabolites is to regulate the growth and development of the rice plant. In this research paper, we have focused on the allelopathic potential of rice, which involves its active defense strategy to suppress other species in its vicinity. This defense mechanism is regulated by plant signaling compounds. These signaling compounds enable rice plants to recognize and detect competitors, pathogens, and herbivores in their environment. As a response, the rice plants elevate the production of defensive secondary metabolites. One crucial aspect of rice allelopathy is the phenomenon of neighbor detection. Rice plants can sense the presence of neighboring plants and respond accordingly to establish their competitive advantage and ensure their survival. This paper specifically highlights the impact of exogenously applied signaling compounds, namely Methyl salicylate (MeSA) and Methyl Jasmonate (MeJA), on paddy rice. The aim is to provide deeper insights into the signaling mechanisms involved in rice allelopathy and how the exogenous application of signaling compounds influence the induction and regulation of defensive secondary metabolites in rice plants. Comprehensive analysis of various researchers' studies clearly reveals that the application of these elicitor compounds noticeably augments the allelopathic potential of rice, resulting in heightened accumulation of phenolic acid compounds. Expansion in more enlistment of phenolics may be because of expansion in the activities of enzymes, such as cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), the two main enzymes of the phenylpropanoid pathway, which are associated with allelopathic crop plants, and along this, they recognize the presence of weeds and react by expanding allelochemical focuses. Consequently, substantial endeavors have been dedicated in recent times to discover and characterize plant-derived signaling molecules. In bioassays conducted by Patni et al. in 2019, both competitive and non-competitive rice genotypes exhibited elevated phytotoxicity against Echino colona following treatment with MeSA. MeSA-treated rice plants displayed accelerated growth, increased yield, and concurrently demonstrated weed-suppressing properties. Published studies from 1976 to 2021 are reviewed in this paper. The study indicates that signaling compounds induce allelochemical concentrations, enhancing allelopathic activity. This insight may lead to development of novel herbicides for effective sustainable weed management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babita Patni
- High Altitude Plant Physiology Research Centre, H. N. B. Garhwal University (A Central University), Garhwal, Srinagar, Uttarakhand, 246174, India.
| | - Malini Bhattacharyya
- High Altitude Plant Physiology Research Centre, H. N. B. Garhwal University (A Central University), Garhwal, Srinagar, Uttarakhand, 246174, India
| | - Anshika Pokhriyal
- High Altitude Plant Physiology Research Centre, H. N. B. Garhwal University (A Central University), Garhwal, Srinagar, Uttarakhand, 246174, India
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Yeo IC, de Azevedo Manhaes AME, Liu J, Avila J, He P, Devarenne TP. An unexpected role for tomato threonine deaminase 2 in host defense against bacterial infection. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:527-545. [PMID: 36530164 PMCID: PMC10152684 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The hormones salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) often act antagonistically in controlling plant defense pathways in response to hemibiotrophs/biotrophs (hemi/biotroph) and herbivores/necrotrophs, respectively. Threonine deaminase (TD) converts threonine to α-ketobutyrate and ammonia as the committed step in isoleucine (Ile) biosynthesis and contributes to JA responses by producing the Ile needed to make the bioactive JA-Ile conjugate. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants have two TD genes: TD1 and TD2. A defensive role for TD2 against herbivores has been characterized in relation to JA-Ile production. However, it remains unknown whether TD2 is also involved in host defense against bacterial hemi/biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens. Here, we show that in response to the bacterial pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) flagellin flg22 peptide, an activator of SA-based defense responses, TD2 activity is compromised, possibly through carboxy-terminal cleavage. TD2 knockdown (KD) plants showed increased resistance to the hemibiotrophic bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae but were more susceptible to the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea, suggesting TD2 plays opposite roles in response to hemibiotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens. This TD2 KD plant differential response to different pathogens is consistent with SA- and JA-regulated defense gene expression. flg22-treated TD2 KD plants showed high expression levels of SA-responsive genes, whereas TD2 KD plants treated with the fungal PAMP chitin showed low expression levels of JA-responsive genes. This study indicates TD2 acts negatively in defense against hemibiotrophs and positively against necrotrophs and provides insight into a new TD2 function in the elaborate crosstalk between SA and JA signaling induced by pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Cheol Yeo
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | | | - Jun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Julian Avila
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Ping He
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Timothy P Devarenne
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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Ma J, Morel JB, Riemann M, Nick P. Jasmonic acid contributes to rice resistance against Magnaporthe oryzae. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:601. [PMID: 36539712 PMCID: PMC9764487 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03948-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The annual yield losses caused by the Rice Blast Fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae, range to the equivalent for feeding 60 million people. To ward off infection by this fungus, rice has evolved a generic basal immunity (so called compatible interaction), which acts in concert with strain-specific defence (so-called incompatible interaction). The plant-defence hormone jasmonic acid (JA) promotes the resistance to M. oryzae, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. To get more insight into this open question, we employ the JA-deficient mutants, cpm2 and hebiba, and dissect the JA-dependent defence signalling in rice for both, compatible and incompatible interactions. RESULTS We observe that both JA-deficient mutants are more susceptible to M. oryzae as compared to their wild-type background, which holds true for both types of interactions as verified by cytological staining. Secondly, we observe that transcripts for JA biosynthesis (OsAOS2 and OsOPR7), JA signalling (OsJAZ8, OsJAZ9, OsJAZ11 and OsJAZ13), JA-dependent phytoalexin synthesis (OsNOMT), and JA-regulated defence-related genes, such as OsBBTI2 and OsPR1a, accumulate after fungal infection in a pattern that correlates with the amplitude of resistance. Thirdly, induction of defence transcripts is weaker during compatible interaction. CONCLUSION The study demonstrates the pivotal role of JA in basal immunity of rice in the resistance to M. oryzae in both, compatible and incompatible interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junning Ma
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jean-Benoît Morel
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Michael Riemann
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Peter Nick
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Riseh RS, Hassanisaadi M, Vatankhah M, Babaki SA, Barka EA. Chitosan as a potential natural compound to manage plant diseases. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 220:998-1009. [PMID: 35988725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The necessity for non-chemical approaches has grown as awareness of the dangers posed by pesticides has spread. Chitosan, due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and bioactivity is one the effective choice in phytopathology. Chitosan is a biopolymer that reduces plant diseases through two main mechanisms: (1) Direct antimicrobial function against pathogens, including plasma membrane damage mechanisms, interactions with DNA and RNA (electrostatic interactions), metal chelating capacity, and deposition onto the microbial surface, (2) Induction of plant defense responses resulting from downstream signalling, transcription factor activation, gene transcription and finally cellular activation after recognition and binding of chitin and chitosan by cell surface receptors. This biopolymer have potential with capability to combating fungi, bacteria, and viruses phythopathogens. Chitosan is synthesized by deacetylating chitin. The degree of deacetylation and molecular weight of chitosan are variable and have been mentioned as important structural parameters in chitosan's biological properties. Chitosan with a higher degree of deacetylation (>70 %) has better biological properties. Many crops able to withstand pre- and post-harvest illnesses better after receiving chitosan as a seed treatment, soil amendment, or foliar spray. This review discussed the properties and use of chitosan and focuses on its application as a plant resistance inducer against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohallah Saberi Riseh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Imam Khomeini Square, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran.
| | - Mohadeseh Hassanisaadi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Imam Khomeini Square, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran; Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman 7618411764, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Vatankhah
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Imam Khomeini Square, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran
| | - Somayeh Abdani Babaki
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Imam Khomeini Square, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran
| | - Essaid Ait Barka
- Induced Resistance and Plant BioProtection Research Unit, UFR Sciences, UPRES EA 4707-USC INRAeE1488, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims, France.
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Shinya T, Miyamoto K, Uchida K, Hojo Y, Yumoto E, Okada K, Yamane H, Galis I. Chitooligosaccharide elicitor and oxylipins synergistically elevate phytoalexin production in rice. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:595-609. [PMID: 34822009 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01217-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We show that in rice, the amino acid-conjugates of JA precursor, OPDA, may function as a non-canonical signal for the production of phytoalexins in coordination with the innate chitin signaling. The core oxylipins, jasmonic acid (JA) and JA-Ile, are well-known as potent regulators of plant defense against necrotrophic pathogens and/or herbivores. However, recent studies also suggest that other oxylipins, including 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA), may contribute to plant defense. Here, we used a previously characterized metabolic defense marker, p-coumaroylputrescine (CoP), and fungal elicitor, chitooligosaccharide, to specifically test defense role of various oxylipins in rice (Oryza sativa). While fungal elicitor triggered a rapid production of JA, JA-Ile, and their precursor OPDA, rice cells exogenously treated with the compounds revealed that OPDA, rather than JA-Ile, can stimulate the CoP production. Next, reverse genetic approach and oxylipin-deficient rice mutant (hebiba) were used to uncouple oxylipins from other elicitor-triggered signals. It appeared that, without oxylipins, residual elicitor signaling had only a minimal effect but, in synergy with OPDA, exerted a strong stimulatory activity towards CoP production. Furthermore, as CoP levels were compromised in the OPDA-treated Osjar1 mutant cells impaired in the oxylipin-amino acid conjugation, putative OPDA-amino acid conjugates emerged as hypothetical regulators of CoP biosynthesis. Accordingly, we found several OPDA-amino acid conjugates in rice cells treated with exogenous OPDA, and OPDA-Asp was detected, although in small amounts, in the chitooligosaccharide-treated rice. However, as synthetic OPDA-Asp and OPDA-Ile, so far, failed to induce CoP in cells, it suggests that yet another presumed OPDA-amino acid form(s) could be acting as novel regulator(s) of phytoalexins in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Shinya
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046, Japan.
| | - Koji Miyamoto
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 320-8551, Japan
| | - Kenichi Uchida
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 320-8551, Japan
- Advanced Instrumental Analysis Center, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 320-8551, Japan
| | - Yuko Hojo
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Emi Yumoto
- Advanced Instrumental Analysis Center, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 320-8551, Japan
| | - Kazunori Okada
- Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hisakazu Yamane
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 320-8551, Japan
- Advanced Instrumental Analysis Center, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 320-8551, Japan
| | - Ivan Galis
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046, Japan
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Huang F, Abbas F, Rothenberg DO, Imran M, Fiaz S, Rehman NU, Amanullah S, Younas A, Ding Y, Cai X, Chen X, Yu L, Ye X, Jiang L, Ke Y, He Y. Molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of two 12-oxophytodienoate reductases (NtOPR1 and NtOPR2) from Nicotiana tabacum. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:5379-5387. [PMID: 35149935 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07114-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 12-oxophytodienoic acid (OPDA) is a signaling molecule involved in defense and stress responses in plants. 12-oxophytodienoate reductase (OPR) is involved in the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid and trigger the conversion of OPDA into 3-oxo-2(2'[Z]-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-1-octanoic acid (OPC-8:0). METHODS AND RESULTS Sequence analysis revealed that Nicotiana tabacum 12-oxophytodienoate reductase 1 (OPR1) and OPR2 encoded polypeptides of 375 and 349 amino acids with molecular masses of 41.67 and 39.04 kilodaltons (kDa), respectively, while the deduced protein sequences of NtOPR1 and NtOPR2 showed high homology with other 12-oxophytodienoate reductases. BLAST (Basic local alignment search tool) analysis revealed that both NtOPRs belong to the family of Old Yellow Enzymes (OYE), and analysis of genomic DNA structure indicated that both genes include 5 exons and 4 introns. Phylogenetic analysis using MEGA X showed that NtOPR1 and NtOPR2 shared a close evolutionary relationship with Nicotiana attenuata 12-oxophytodienoate reductases. In silico analysis of subcellular localization indicated the probable locations of NtOPR1 and NtOPR2 to be the cytoplasm and the peroxisome, respectively. Tissue-specific expression assays via qRT-PCR revealed that NtOPR1 and NtOPR2 genes were highly expressed in Nicotiana tabacum roots, temperately expressed in leaves and flowers, while low expression was observed in stem tissue. CONCLUSIONS Presently, two 12-oxophytodienoate reductase genes (NtOPR1 and NtOPR2) were cloned and comprehensively characterized. Our findings provide comprehensive analyses that may guide future deep molecular studies of 12-oxophytodienoate reductases in Nicotiana tabacum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyan Huang
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Yunnan Urban Agricultural Engineering & Technological Research Center, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Farhat Abbas
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | | | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Sajid Fiaz
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Ur Rehman
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Sikandar Amanullah
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Afifa Younas
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yan Ding
- Material Procurement Center, Shanghai Tobacco Group Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200082, Yunnan, China
| | - Xianjie Cai
- Material Procurement Center, Shanghai Tobacco Group Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200082, Yunnan, China.
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Tobacco Leaf Purchase Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Lei Yu
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Yunnan Urban Agricultural Engineering & Technological Research Center, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Xianwen Ye
- Kunming Tobacco Corporation of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650021, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Honghe Tobacco Corporation of Yunnan Province, Honghe, 661400, China
| | - Yanguo Ke
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Yunnan Urban Agricultural Engineering & Technological Research Center, Kunming University, Kunming, China.
- College of Economics and Management, Kunming University, Kunming, China.
| | - Yuansheng He
- Lincang Company of Yunnan Tobacco Company, Lincang, 677000, China
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De A, Maity A, Mazumder M, Mondal B, Mukherjee A, Ghosh S, Ray P, Polley S, Dastidar SG, Basu D. Overexpression of LYK4, a lysin motif receptor with non-functional kinase domain, enhances tolerance to Alternaria brassicicola and increases trichome density in Brassica juncea. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 309:110953. [PMID: 34134846 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lysin motif receptor-like kinases (LYKs) are involved in the recognition of chitin and activation of plant immune response. In this study, we found LYK4 to be strongly induced in resistant Sinapis alba compared with susceptible Brassica juncea on challenge with Alternaria brassicicola. In silico analysis and in vitro kinase assay revealed that despite the presence of canonical protein kinase fold, B.juncea LYK4 (BjLYK4) lacks several key residues of a prototype protein kinase which renders it catalytically inactive. Transient expression analysis confirmed that fluorescently tagged BjLYK4 localizes specifically to the plasma membrane. Overexpression (OE) of BjLYK4 in B. juncea enhanced tolerance against A. brassicicola. Interestingly, the OE lines also exhibited a novel trichome dense phenotype and increased jasmonic acid (JA) responsiveness. We further showed that many chitin responsive WRKY transcription factors and JA biosynthetic genes were strongly induced in the OE lines on challenge with the pathogen. Moreover, several JA inducible trichome developmental genes constituting the WD-repeat/bHLH/MYB activator complex were also upregulated in the OE lines compared with vector control and RNA interference line. These results suggest that BjLYK4 plays an essential role in chitin-dependent activation of defense response and chitin independent trichome development likely by influencing the JA signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishee De
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, P1/12 C.I.T. Scheme-VIIM, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, 700054, India.
| | - Atanu Maity
- Division of Bioinformatics, Bose Institute, P1/12 C.I.T. Scheme-VIIM, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, 700054, India.
| | - Mrinmoy Mazumder
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, 119077.
| | - Banani Mondal
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, P1/12 C.I.T. Scheme-VIIM, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, 700054, India.
| | - Amrita Mukherjee
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, P1/12 C.I.T. Scheme-VIIM, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, 700054, India.
| | - Swagata Ghosh
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, P1/12 C.I.T. Scheme-VIIM, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, 700054, India.
| | - Pranita Ray
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P1/12 C.I.T. Scheme-VIIM, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, 700054, India.
| | - Smarajit Polley
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P1/12 C.I.T. Scheme-VIIM, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, 700054, India.
| | - Shubhra Ghosh Dastidar
- Division of Bioinformatics, Bose Institute, P1/12 C.I.T. Scheme-VIIM, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, 700054, India.
| | - Debabrata Basu
- Division of Plant Biology, Bose Institute, P1/12 C.I.T. Scheme-VIIM, Kankurgachi, Kolkata, 700054, India.
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10
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Kitaoka N, Zhang J, Oyagbenro RK, Brown B, Wu Y, Yang B, Li Z, Peters RJ. Interdependent evolution of biosynthetic gene clusters for momilactone production in rice. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:290-305. [PMID: 33793769 PMCID: PMC8136919 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koaa023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants can contain biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) that nominally resemble those found in microbes. However, while horizontal gene transmission is often observed in microbes, plants are limited to vertical gene transmission, implying that their BGCs may exhibit distinct inheritance patterns. Rice (Oryza sativa) contains two unlinked BGCs involved in diterpenoid phytoalexin metabolism, with one clearly required for momilactone biosynthesis, while the other is associated with production of phytocassanes. Here, in the process of elucidating momilactone biosynthesis, genetic evidence was found demonstrating a role for a cytochrome P450 (CYP) from the other "phytocassane" BGC. This CYP76M8 acts after the CYP99A2/3 from the "momilactone" BGC, producing a hemiacetal intermediate that is oxidized to the eponymous lactone by a short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase also from this BGC. Thus, the "momilactone" BGC is not only incomplete, but also fractured by the need for CYP76M8 to act in between steps catalyzed by enzymes from this BGC. Moreover, as supported by similar activity observed with orthologs from the momilactone-producing wild-rice species Oryza punctata, the presence of CYP76M8 in the other "phytocassane" BGC indicates interdependent evolution of these two BGCs, highlighting the distinct nature of BGC assembly in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kitaoka
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Juan Zhang
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
- State Key Laboratory of Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Richard K Oyagbenro
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Benjamin Brown
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Yisheng Wu
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Bing Yang
- Division of Plant Sciences, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132
| | - Zhaohu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Authors for correspondence: ,
| | - Reuben J Peters
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
- Authors for correspondence: ,
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11
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Ube N, Katsuyama Y, Kariya K, Tebayashi SI, Sue M, Tohnooka T, Ueno K, Taketa S, Ishihara A. Identification of methoxylchalcones produced in response to CuCl 2 treatment and pathogen infection in barley. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 184:112650. [PMID: 33529859 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Changes in specialized metabolites were analyzed in barley (Hordeum vulgare) leaves treated with CuCl2 solution as an elicitor. LC-MS analysis of the CuCl2-treated leaves showed the induced accumulation of three compounds. Among them, two were purified by silica gel and ODS column chromatography and preparative HPLC and were identified as 2',3,4,4',6'-pentamethoxychalcone and 2'-hydroxy-3,4,4',6'-tetramethoxychalcone by spectroscopic analyses. The remaining compound was determined as 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA), a major oxylipin in plants, by comparing its spectrum and retention time from LC-MS/MS analysis with those of the authentic compound. The accumulation of these compounds was reproduced in leaves inoculated with Bipolaris sorokiniana, the causal agent of spot blotch of the Poaceae species. This inoculation increased the amounts of other oxylipins, including jasmonic acid (JA), JA-Ile, 9-oxooctadeca-10,12-dienoic acid (9-KODE), and 13-oxooctadeca-9,11-dienoic acid (13-KODE). The treatments of the barley leaves with JA and OPDA induced the accumulation of methoxylchalcones, but treatment with 9-KODE did not. These methoxylchalcones inhibited conidial germination of B. sorokiniana and Fusarium graminearum, thereby indicating that these compounds possessed antifungal activity. Consequently, they are considered to be involved in the chemical defense processes as phytoalexins in barley. Accumulation of methoxylchalcones in response to JA treatment was observed in all seven barley cultivars tested, but was not detected in other wild Hordeum species, wheat, and rice, thus indicating that their production was specific to cultivated barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Ube
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan
| | - Yuhka Katsuyama
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kariya
- Graduate School of Sustainability Science, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Tebayashi
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8502, Japan
| | - Masayuki Sue
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, 243-0034, Japan
| | - Takuji Tohnooka
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, 305-8518, Japan
| | - Kotomi Ueno
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan
| | - Shin Taketa
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ishihara
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan.
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12
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Nishimura A, Yoshioka A, Kariya K, Ube N, Ueno K, Tebayashi SI, Osaki-Oka K, Ishihara A. Sugars in an aqueous extract of the spent substrate of the mushroom Hypsizygus marmoreus induce defense responses in rice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:743-755. [PMID: 33580659 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbaa122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Plant defense responses are activated by various exogenous stimuli. We found that an aqueous extract of spent mushroom substrate used for the cultivation of Hypsizygus marmoreus induced defense responses in rice. Fractionation of the spent mushroom substrate extract indicated that the compounds responsible for this induction were neutral and hydrophilic molecules with molecular weights lower than 3 kDa. Compounds with these characteristics, namely glucose, fructose, and sucrose, were detected in the extract at concentrations of 17.4, 3.3, and 1.6 mM, respectively, and the treatment of rice leaves with these sugars induced defense responses. Furthermore, microarray analysis indicated that the genes involved in defense responses were commonly activated by the treatment of leaves with spent mushroom substrate extract and glucose. These findings indicate that the induction of defense responses by treatment with spent mushroom substrate extract is, at least in part, attributable to the sugar constituents of the extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayami Nishimura
- Graduate School of Sustainability Science, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Anna Yoshioka
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kariya
- Graduate School of Sustainability Science, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Naoki Ube
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Kotomi Ueno
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Tebayashi
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, 200B Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
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13
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Improving Regulation of Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Antioxidants and Stress-Related Gene Stimulation in Cucumber mosaic cucumovirus-Infected Cucumber Plants Treated with Glycine Betaine, Chitosan and Combination. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25102341. [PMID: 32429524 PMCID: PMC7288169 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (CMV) is a deadly plant virus that results in crop-yield losses with serious economic consequences. In recent years, environmentally friendly components have been developed to manage crop diseases as alternatives to chemical pesticides, including the use of natural compounds such as glycine betaine (GB) and chitosan (CHT), either alone or in combination. In the present study, the leaves of the cucumber plants were foliar-sprayed with GB and CHT—either alone or in combination—to evaluate their ability to induce resistance against CMV. The results showed a significant reduction in disease severity and CMV accumulation in plants treated with GB and CHT, either alone or in combination, compared to untreated plants (challenge control). In every treatment, growth indices, leaf chlorophylls content, phytohormones (i.e., indole acetic acid, gibberellic acid, salicylic acid and jasmonic acid), endogenous osmoprotectants (i.e., proline, soluble sugars and glycine betaine), non-enzymatic antioxidants (i.e., ascorbic acid, glutathione and phenols) and enzymatic antioxidants (i.e., superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, catalase, lipoxygenase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, chitinase and β-1,3 glucanase) of virus-infected plants were significantly increased. On the other hand, malondialdehyde and abscisic acid contents have been significantly reduced. Based on a gene expression study, all treated plants exhibited increased expression levels of some regulatory defense genes such as PR1 and PAL1. In conclusion, the combination of GB and CHT is the most effective treatment in alleviated virus infection. To our knowledge, this is the first report to demonstrate the induction of systemic resistance against CMV by using GB.
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14
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Deciphering the involvement of glutathione in phytohormone signaling pathways to mitigate stress in planta. THE NUCLEUS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13237-019-00288-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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15
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Tang J, Sun Z, Chen Q, Damaris RN, Lu B, Hu Z. Nitrogen Fertilizer Induced Alterations in The Root Proteome of Two Rice Cultivars. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153674. [PMID: 31357526 PMCID: PMC6695714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient for plants and a key limiting factor of crop production. However, excessive application of N fertilizers and the low nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) have brought in severe damage to the environment. Therefore, improving NUE is urgent and critical for the reductions of N fertilizer pollution and production cost. In the present study, we investigated the effects of N nutrition on the growth and yield of the two rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars, conventional rice Huanghuazhan and indica hybrid rice Quanliangyou 681, which were grown at three levels of N fertilizer (including 135, 180 and 225 kg/hm2, labeled as N9, N12, N15, respectively). Then, a proteomic approach was employed in the roots of the two rice cultivars treated with N fertilizer at the level of N15. A total of 6728 proteins were identified, among which 6093 proteins were quantified, and 511 differentially expressed proteins were found in the two rice cultivars after N fertilizer treatment. These differentially expressed proteins were mainly involved in ammonium assimilation, amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, signal transduction, energy production/regulation, material transport, and stress/defense response. Together, this study provides new insights into the regulatory mechanism of nitrogen fertilization in cereal crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichao Tang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Agricultural college, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Zhigui Sun
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Agricultural college, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Qinghua Chen
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Agricultural college, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Rebecca Njeri Damaris
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Bilin Lu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Agricultural college, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.
| | - Zhengrong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
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16
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Effect of Co-60 gamma irradiated chitosan and phosphorus fertilizer on growth, yield and trigonelline content of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Kashihara K, Onohata T, Okamoto Y, Uji Y, Mochizuki S, Akimitsu K, Gomi K. Overexpression of OsNINJA1 negatively affects a part of OsMYC2-mediated abiotic and biotic responses in rice. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 232:180-187. [PMID: 30537605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone jasmonic acid (JA) plays an important role in defense response and plant development. Jasmonate ZIM-domain (JAZ) proteins act as transcriptional repressors of plant responses to JA. In this study, we found that OsNINJA1, which is a JAZ-interacting adaptor protein, plays an important role in JA signaling that is positively regulated by the transcription factor OsMYC2 in rice. The expression of OsNINJA1 was upregulated at an early phase after JA treatment, and OsNINJA1 interacted with several OsJAZ proteins in a C domain-dependent manner. Transgenic rice plants overexpressing OsNINJA1 exhibited a JA-insensitive phenotype and were more susceptible to rice bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, which is one of the most serious diseases affecting rice. Furthermore, OsNINJA1 negatively affected JA-regulated leaf senescence under dark-induced senescence conditions. Finally, the expression of OsMYC2-responsive pathogenesis-related (PR) genes and senescence-associated genes (SAGs) tended to be downregulated in the OsNINJA1-overexpressing rice plants. These results indicate that OsNINJA1 acts as a negative regulator of OsMYC2-mediated JA signaling in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Kashihara
- Plant Genome and Resource Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa, 761-0795, Japan
| | - Tomonori Onohata
- Plant Genome and Resource Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa, 761-0795, Japan
| | - Yuki Okamoto
- Plant Genome and Resource Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa, 761-0795, Japan
| | - Yuya Uji
- Plant Genome and Resource Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa, 761-0795, Japan
| | - Susumu Mochizuki
- Plant Genome and Resource Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa, 761-0795, Japan
| | - Kazuya Akimitsu
- Plant Genome and Resource Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa, 761-0795, Japan
| | - Kenji Gomi
- Plant Genome and Resource Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa, 761-0795, Japan.
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18
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Nishiguchi S, Murata K, Ube N, Ueno K, Tebayashi SI, Teraishi M, Okumoto Y, Mori N, Ishihara A. Accumulation of 9- and 13-KODEs in response to jasmonic acid treatment and pathogenic infection in rice. JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE SCIENCE 2018; 43:191-197. [PMID: 30363135 PMCID: PMC6140683 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.d18-022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The inducible metabolites in rice leaves treated with 1 mM jasmonic acid (JA) were analyzed using HPLC. We detected an increase in the levels of two compounds, 1 and 2. Based on the comparison with mass spectra and chromatographic behavior with authentic compounds, 1 and 2 were identified as 13-oxooctadeca-9,11-dienoic acid (13-KODE) and 9-oxooctadeca-10,12-dienoic acid (9-KODE), respectively, which have not been detected in rice to date. The accumulation of these compounds was also induced by an infection by Bipolaris oryzae. Treatment of rice leaves with KODEs induced the accumulation of defensive secondary metabolites, sakuranetin, naringenin, and serotonin, suggesting that KODEs may play a role in the elicitation of defense responses. The compounds that have an α, β-unsaturated carbonyl group similar to KODEs did not reproduce the response of accumulation of defensive secondary metabolites, suggesting that additional structural factors such as long hydrophobic carbon chain are needed to elicit defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Nishiguchi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680–8553, Japan
| | - Koichi Murata
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680–8553, Japan
| | - Naoki Ube
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori 680–8553, Japan
| | - Kotomi Ueno
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680–8553, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Tebayashi
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine science, Kochi University, 200B Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi 783–8502, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Teraishi
- Divsion of Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University, Kyoto 606–8502, Japan
| | - Yutaka Okumoto
- Divsion of Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University, Kyoto 606–8502, Japan
| | - Naoki Mori
- Divsion of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University, Kyoto 606–8502, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ishihara
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680–8553, Japan
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Zhao M, Cheng J, Guo B, Duan J, Che CT. Momilactone and Related Diterpenoids as Potential Agricultural Chemicals. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:7859-7872. [PMID: 29996047 PMCID: PMC6592423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Momilactones are allelochemicals in rice and moss defense. Momilactone-like compounds are therefore considered important secondary metabolites for plant defense. They may serve as promising lead compounds for crop-friendly herbicides as well as antifungal and antibacterial agents. Many of these substances possess potent cytotoxicity property against cancer cell lines as well. The present paper is the first review on these versatile molecules, focusing on the structure, biological activity, chemical synthesis, and biosynthesis of the naturally occurring momilactone-like molecules reported from 1973 to 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
- Corresponding Author. Tel: +86-25-85811916. Fax: +86-25-85811916
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Brian Guo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Jinao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chun-Tao Che
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
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Asgari-Targhi G, Iranbakhsh A, Ardebili ZO. Potential benefits and phytotoxicity of bulk and nano-chitosan on the growth, morphogenesis, physiology, and micropropagation of Capsicum annuum. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 127:393-402. [PMID: 29677682 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Concerning environmental issues of metal based-nanomaterials and increasing demand for nano-based products; various strategies have been employed to find eco-friendly natural nano-compounds, among which nano-polymer chitosan is mostly considered. Herein, the various aspects of the way in which bulk or nano-chitosan may modify growth, morphogenesis, micropropagation, and physiology of Capsicum annuum L. were considered. Culture medium was manipulated with different concentrations of bulk chitosan or synthesized chitosan/tripolyphosphate (TPP) nano-particle. The supplementations of culture media led to changes in morphology (especially, the root architecture) and differentiation. Toxic doses of bulk (100 mgL-1) or nano-chitosan (5, 10, and 20 mgL-1) dramatically provoked cessation of plant growth and development. Plant growth and biomass accumulations were increased along with the suitable levels of bulk or nano-chitosan. Peroxidase and catalase activities in a dose and organ-dependent manners were significantly modified by the supplements. Phenylalanine ammonia lyase was induced by the mentioned supplements. Also, the contents of soluble phenols, proline, and alkaloid were found to be significantly increased by the elicitors, over the control. The nano-chitosan of 1 mgL-1 was found to be the most effective elicitor to trigger organogenesis via micropropagation. The huge differences between triggering and toxic concentrations of the supplements would be due to the physicochemical modifications of nano-polymeric. Furthermore, the results highlight the potential benefits (hormone-like activity) and phytotoxic impacts of nano-chitosan/TPP for in vitro manipulations. This is the first report on both the favorable and adverse effects of nano-chitosan/TPP, representing requirements for further investigation on such formulations for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghasem Asgari-Targhi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Iranbakhsh
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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21
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Pusztahelyi T. Chitin and chitin-related compounds in plant-fungal interactions. Mycology 2018; 9:189-201. [PMID: 30181925 PMCID: PMC6115883 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2018.1473299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitin is the second abundant polysaccharide in the world after cellulose. It is a vital structural component of the fungal cell wall but not for plants. In plants, fungi are recognised through the perception of conserved microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) to induce MAMP-triggered immunity (MTI). Chitin polymers and their modified form, chitosan, induce host defence responses in both monocotyledons and dicotyledons. The plants' response to chitin, chitosan, and derived oligosaccharides depends on the acetylation degree of these compounds which indicates possible biocontrol regulation of plant immune system. There has also been a considerable amount of recent research aimed at elucidating the roles of chitin hydrolases in fungi and plants as chitinase production in plants is not considered solely as an antifungal resistance mechanism. We discuss the importance of chitin forms and chitinases in the plant-fungal interactions and their role in persistent and possible biocontrol. Abbreviations ET, ethylene; GAP, GTPase-activating protein; GEF, GDP/GTP exchange factor; JA, jasmonic acid; LysM, lysin motif; MAMP, microbe-associated molecular pattern; MTI, MAMP-triggered immunity; NBS, nucleotide-binding site; NBS-LRR, nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeats; PM, powdery mildew; PR, pathogenesis-related; RBOH, respiratory burst oxidase homolog; RLK, receptor-like kinase; RLP, receptor-like protein; SA, salicylic acid; TF, transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tünde Pusztahelyi
- Central Laboratory of Agricultural and Food Products, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Hungary
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22
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Tripathi D, Zhang T, Koo AJ, Stacey G, Tanaka K. Extracellular ATP Acts on Jasmonate Signaling to Reinforce Plant Defense. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 176:511-523. [PMID: 29180381 PMCID: PMC6108377 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Damaged cells send various signals to stimulate defense responses. Recent identification and genetic studies of the plant purinoceptor, P2K1 (also known as DORN1), have demonstrated that extracellular ATP is a signal involved in plant stress responses, including wounding, perhaps to evoke plant defense. However, it remains largely unknown how extracellular ATP induces plant defense responses. Here, we demonstrate that extracellular ATP induces plant defense mediated through activation of the intracellular signaling of jasmonate (JA), a well-characterized defense hormone. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaves, ATP pretreatment induced resistance against the necrotrophic fungus, Botrytis cinerea The induced resistance was enhanced in the P2K1 receptor overexpression line, but reduced in the receptor mutant, dorn1-3 Mining the transcriptome data revealed that ATP induces a set of JA-induced genes. In addition, the P2K1-associated coexpression network contains defense-related genes, including those encoding jasmonate ZIM-domain (JAZ) proteins, which play key roles as repressors of JA signaling. We examined whether extracellular ATP impacts the stability of JAZ1 in Arabidopsis. The results showed that the JAZ1 stability decreased in response to ATP addition in a proteasome-dependent manner. This reduction required intracellular signaling via second messengers-cytosolic calcium, reactive oxygen species, and nitric oxide. Interestingly, the ATP-induced JAZ1 degradation was attenuated in the JA receptor mutant, coi1, but not in the JA biosynthesis mutant, aos, or upon addition of JA biosynthesis inhibitors. Immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that ATP increases the interaction between COI1 and JAZ1, suggesting direct cross talk between extracellular ATP and JA in intracellular signaling events. Taken together, these results suggest that extracellular ATP signaling directly impacts the JA signaling pathway to maximize plant defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diwaker Tripathi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164
| | - Tong Zhang
- Divisions of Plant Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - Abraham J Koo
- Divisions of Plant Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - Gary Stacey
- Divisions of Plant Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - Kiwamu Tanaka
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164
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23
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Landa P, Prerostova S, Langhansova L, Marsik P, Vanek T. Transcriptomic response of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. roots to ibuprofen. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2017; 19:695-700. [PMID: 28398082 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2016.1267697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Surface waters in urban areas are contaminated by ibuprofen (IBP), a popular and extensively used anti-inflammatory drug. In this study, we investigated the transcriptomic response in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. roots with the aim of revealing genes that are potentially involved in IBP detoxification and elucidating the effect of IBP on plants. IBP upregulated 63 and downregulated 38 transcripts (p-value < 0.1, fold change ≥2) after 2-day exposure to a 5-µM (1.03 mg/L) concentration of IBP under hydroponic conditions. Although the IBP concentration used in the experiment was highly relative to the concentrations found in rivers and wastewater, the number of genes with transcriptional changes was relatively low. The upregulation of cytochrome P450s, glutathione S-transferases, and UDP-glycosyltransferases indicates the occurrence of IBP oxidation in the first phase, followed by conjugation with glutathione and sugar in the second detoxification phase. ABC transporters could be involved in the transport of IBP and its metabolites. The identification of genes potentially involved in IBP detoxification could be useful in an IBP phytoremediation approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premysl Landa
- a Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies , Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, v.v.i. , Prague , Lysolaje , Czech Republic
| | - Sylva Prerostova
- b Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants , Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, v.v.i. , Prague , Lysolaje , Czech Republic
- c Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science , Charles University in Prague , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Langhansova
- a Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies , Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, v.v.i. , Prague , Lysolaje , Czech Republic
| | - Petr Marsik
- a Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies , Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, v.v.i. , Prague , Lysolaje , Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Vanek
- a Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies , Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, v.v.i. , Prague , Lysolaje , Czech Republic
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24
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Uji Y, Akimitsu K, Gomi K. Identification of OsMYC2-regulated senescence-associated genes in rice. PLANTA 2017; 245:1241-1246. [PMID: 28424874 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2697-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The jasmonic acid (JA)-responsive transcription factor OsMYC2 acts as a positive regulator of leaf senescence by direct regulation of some senescence-associated genes in rice. OsMYC2, a transcription factor (TF), acts as a positive regulator of jasmonic acid (JA) signaling involved in development and defense in rice. Here, we report that OsMYC2 plays an important role in leaf senescence under dark-induced senescence (DIS) conditions. Overexpression of OsMYC2 significantly promoted leaf senescence, indicated by reduction of chlorophyll content under DIS conditions in rice. Leaf senescence under the DIS conditions was negatively regulated by OsJAZ8, a rice jasmonate ZIM-domain protein involved in the JA signaling pathway. OsMYC2 upregulated the expression of some senescence-associated genes (SAGs) and selectively bound to the G-box/G-box-like motifs in the promoters of some SAGs in vivo. These results suggest that OsMYC2 acts as a positive regulator of leaf senescence by direct- or indirect-regulation of SAGs in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Uji
- Plant Genome and Resource Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa, 761-0795, Japan
| | - Kazuya Akimitsu
- Plant Genome and Resource Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa, 761-0795, Japan
| | - Kenji Gomi
- Plant Genome and Resource Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa, 761-0795, Japan.
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25
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Kanda Y, Yokotani N, Maeda S, Nishizawa Y, Kamakura T, Mori M. The receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase BSR1 mediates chitin-induced defense signaling in rice cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2017; 81:1497-1502. [PMID: 28521637 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1325710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Broad-Spectrum Resistance 1 (BSR1) encodes a rice receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase, and enhances disease resistance when overexpressed. Rice plants overexpressing BSR1 are highly resistant to diverse pathogens, including rice blast fungus. However, the mechanism responsible for this resistance has not been fully characterized. To analyze the BSR1 function, BSR1-knockout (BSR1-KO) plants were generated using a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system. Experiments using suspension-cultured cells revealed that defense responses including H2O2 production (i.e. oxidative burst) and expression of defense-related genes induced by autoclaved conidia of the rice blast fungus significantly decreased in BSR1-KO cells. Furthermore, a treatment with chitin oligomers which function as microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) of the rice blast fungus resulted in considerably suppressed defense responses in BSR1-KO cells. These results suggest that BSR1 is important for the rice innate immunity triggered by the perception of chitin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasukazu Kanda
- a Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO (NIAS) , Tsukuba , Japan.,b Graduate School of Science and Technology , Tokyo University of Science , Noda , Japan
| | - Naoki Yokotani
- a Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO (NIAS) , Tsukuba , Japan
| | - Satoru Maeda
- a Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO (NIAS) , Tsukuba , Japan
| | - Yoko Nishizawa
- a Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO (NIAS) , Tsukuba , Japan
| | - Takashi Kamakura
- b Graduate School of Science and Technology , Tokyo University of Science , Noda , Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- a Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO (NIAS) , Tsukuba , Japan
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26
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Duan L, Xiao W, Xia F, Liu H, Xiao J, Li X, Wang S. Two Different Transcripts of a LAMMER Kinase Gene Play Opposite Roles in Disease Resistance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 172:1959-1972. [PMID: 27621422 PMCID: PMC5100786 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Alternative splicing of genes can increase protein diversity and affect mRNA stability. Genome-wide transcriptome sequencing has demonstrated that alternative splicing occurs in a large number of intron-containing genes of different species. However, despite the phenomenon having been known for decades, it is largely unknown how the alternatively spliced transcripts function differently. Here, we report that two alternatively spliced transcripts of the rice (Oryza sativa) LAMMER kinase gene OsDR11, long OsDR11L and short OsDR11S, play opposite roles in rice resistance against Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae (Xoo), which causes the most damaging bacterial disease in rice worldwide. Overexpressing OsDR11S or suppressing OsDR11L in rice enhanced resistance to Xoo, which was accompanied by an accumulation of jasmonic acid (JA) and induced expression of JA signaling genes. In contrast, suppressing OsDR11S was associated with increased susceptibility to Xoo, along with decreased levels of JA and expression of JA signaling genes. The OsDR11S and OsDR11L proteins colocalized in the nucleus. OsDR11L showed autophosphorylation activity in vitro, while OsDR11S did not. In the presence of OsDR11S, autophosphorylation of OsDR11L was inhibited, and overexpression of OsDR11S suppressed OsDR11L expression. OsDR11 appeared to contribute to a minor quantitative trait locus against Xoo These results suggest that OsDR11L is a negative regulator in rice disease resistance, which may be associated with suppression of JA signaling. The results also suggest that OsDR11S may inhibit the function of OsDR11L at both the transcription and protein kinase activity levels, leading to resistance against Xoo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Duan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenfei Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fan Xia
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jinghua Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xianghua Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shiping Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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27
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Shinya T, Hojo Y, Desaki Y, Christeller JT, Okada K, Shibuya N, Galis I. Modulation of plant defense responses to herbivores by simultaneous recognition of different herbivore-associated elicitors in rice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32537. [PMID: 27581373 PMCID: PMC5007475 DOI: 10.1038/srep32537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced plant defense responses against insect herbivores are triggered by wounding and/or perception of herbivore elicitors from their oral secretions (OS) and/or saliva. In this study, we analyzed OS isolated from two rice chewing herbivores, Mythimna loreyi and Parnara guttata. Both types of crude OS had substantial elicitor activity in rice cell system that allowed rapid detection of early and late defense responses, i.e. accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and defense secondary metabolites, respectively. While the OS from M. loreyi contained large amounts of previously reported insect elicitors, fatty acid-amino acid conjugates (FACs), the elicitor-active P. guttata's OS contained no detectable FACs. Subsequently, elicitor activity associated with the high molecular mass fraction in OS of both herbivores was identified, and shown to promote ROS and metabolite accumulations in rice cells. Notably, the application of N-linolenoyl-Gln (FAC) alone had only negligible elicitor activity in rice cells; however, the activity of isolated elicitor fraction was substantially promoted by this FAC. Our results reveal that plants integrate various independent signals associated with their insect attackers to modulate their defense responses and reach maximal fitness in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Shinya
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan
| | - Yuko Hojo
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan
| | - Yoshitake Desaki
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - John T. Christeller
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Kazunori Okada
- Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Naoto Shibuya
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Ivan Galis
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan
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28
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Uji Y, Taniguchi S, Tamaoki D, Shishido H, Akimitsu K, Gomi K. Overexpression of OsMYC2 Results in the Up-Regulation of Early JA-Rresponsive Genes and Bacterial Blight Resistance in Rice. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 57:1814-27. [PMID: 27335352 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
JASMONATE ZIM-domain (JAZ) proteins act as transcriptional repressors of jasmonic acid (JA) responses and play a crucial role in the regulation of host immunity in plants. Here, we report that OsMYC2, a JAZ-interacting transcription factor in rice (Oryza sativa L.), plays an important role in the resistance response against rice bacterial blight, which is one of the most serious diseases in rice, caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). The results showed that OsMYC2 interacted with some OsJAZ proteins in a JAZ-interacting domain (JID)-dependent manner. The up-regulation of OsMYC2 in response to JA was regulated by OsJAZ8. Transgenic rice plants overexpressing OsMYC2 exhibited a JA-hypersensitive phenotype and were more resistant to Xoo. A large-scale microarray analysis revealed that OsMYC2 up-regulated OsJAZ10 as well as many other defense-related genes. OsMYC2 selectively bound to the G-box-like motif of the OsJAZ10 promoter in vivo and regulated the expression of early JA-responsive genes, but not of late JA-responsive genes. The nuclear localization of OsMYC2 depended on a nuclear localization signal within JID. Overall, we conclude that OsMYC2 acts as a positive regulator of early JA signals in the JA-induced resistance against Xoo in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Uji
- Plant Genome and Resource Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa, 761-0795 Japan
| | - Shiduku Taniguchi
- Plant Genome and Resource Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa, 761-0795 Japan
| | - Daisuke Tamaoki
- Plant Genome and Resource Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa, 761-0795 Japan
| | - Hodaka Shishido
- Plant Genome and Resource Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa, 761-0795 Japan
| | - Kazuya Akimitsu
- Plant Genome and Resource Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa, 761-0795 Japan
| | - Kenji Gomi
- Plant Genome and Resource Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa, 761-0795 Japan
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29
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Shibata Y, Ojika M, Sugiyama A, Yazaki K, Jones DA, Kawakita K, Takemoto D. The Full-Size ABCG Transporters Nb-ABCG1 and Nb-ABCG2 Function in Pre- and Postinvasion Defense against Phytophthora infestans in Nicotiana benthamiana. THE PLANT CELL 2016; 28:1163-81. [PMID: 27102667 PMCID: PMC4904666 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.15.00721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The sesquiterpenoid capsidiol is the major phytoalexin produced by Nicotiana and Capsicum species. Capsidiol is produced in plant tissues attacked by pathogens and plays a major role in postinvasion defense by inhibiting pathogen growth. Using virus-induced gene silencing-based screening, we identified two Nicotiana benthamiana (wild tobacco) genes encoding functionally redundant full-size ABCG (PDR-type) transporters, Nb-ABCG1/PDR1 and Nb-ABCG2/PDR2, which are essential for resistance to the potato late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans Silencing of Nb-ABCG1/2 compromised secretion of capsidiol, revealing Nb-ABCG1/2 as probable exporters of capsidiol. Accumulation of plasma membrane-localized Nb-ABCG1 and Nb-ABCG2 was observed at the site of pathogen penetration. Silencing of EAS (encoding 5-epi-aristolochene synthase), a gene for capsidiol biosynthesis, reduced resistance to P. infestans, but penetration by P. infestans was not affected. By contrast, Nb-ABCG1/2-silenced plants showed reduced penetration defense, indicating that Nb-ABCG1/2 are involved in preinvasion defense against P. infestans Plastidic GGPPS1 (geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase) was also found to be required for preinvasion defense, thereby suggesting that plastid-produced diterpene(s) are the antimicrobial compounds active in preinvasion defense. These findings suggest that N. benthamiana ABCG1/2 are involved in the export of both antimicrobial diterpene(s) for preinvasion defense and capsidiol for postinvasion defense against P. infestans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Shibata
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Makoto Ojika
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Akifumi Sugiyama
- Laboratory of Plant Gene Expression, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Yazaki
- Laboratory of Plant Gene Expression, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - David A Jones
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Kazuhito Kawakita
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Daigo Takemoto
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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30
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Xu YH, Liao YC, Zhang Z, Liu J, Sun PW, Gao ZH, Sui C, Wei JH. Jasmonic acid is a crucial signal transducer in heat shock induced sesquiterpene formation in Aquilaria sinensis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21843. [PMID: 26902148 PMCID: PMC4763180 DOI: 10.1038/srep21843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Agarwood, a highly valuable resinous and fragrant heartwood of Aquilaria plants, is widely used in traditional medicines, incense and perfume. Only when Aquilaria trees are wounded by external stimuli do they form agarwood sesquiterpene defensive compounds. Therefore, understanding the signaling pathway of wound-induced agarwood formation is important. Jasmonic acid (JA) is a well-characterized molecule that mediates a plant's defense response and secondary metabolism. However, little is known about the function of endogenous JA in agarwood sesquiterpene biosynthesis. Here, we report that heat shock can up-regulate the expression of genes in JA signaling pathway, induce JA production and the accumulation of agarwood sesquiterpene in A. sinensis cell suspension cultures. A specific inhibitor of JA, nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), could block the JA signaling pathway and reduce the accumulation of sesquiterpene compounds. Additionally, compared to SA and H2O2, exogenously supplied methyl jasmonate has the strongest stimulation effect on the production of sesquiterpene compounds. These results clearly demonstrate the central induction role of JA in heat-shock-induced sesquiterpene production in A. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hong Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yong-Cui Liao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
- Hainan Branch Institute of Medicinal Plant, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Wanning 571533, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Pei-Wen Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Gao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chun Sui
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jian-He Wei
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
- Hainan Branch Institute of Medicinal Plant, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Wanning 571533, China
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31
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Alamgir KM, Hojo Y, Christeller JT, Fukumoto K, Isshiki R, Shinya T, Baldwin IT, Galis I. Systematic analysis of rice (Oryza sativa) metabolic responses to herbivory. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2016; 39:453-66. [PMID: 26386366 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Plants defend against attack from herbivores by direct and indirect defence mechanisms mediated by the accumulation of phytoalexins and release of volatile signals, respectively. While the defensive arsenals of some plants, such as tobacco and Arabidopsis are well known, most of rice's (Oryza sativa) defence metabolites and their effectiveness against herbivores remain uncharacterized. Here, we used a non-biassed metabolomics approach to identify many novel herbivory-regulated metabolic signatures in rice. Most were up-regulated by herbivore attack while only a few were suppressed. Two of the most prominent up-regulated signatures were characterized as phenolamides (PAs), p-coumaroylputrescine and feruloylputrescine. PAs accumulated in response to attack by both chewing insects, i.e. feeding of the lawn armyworm (Spodoptera mauritia) and the rice skipper (Parnara guttata) larvae, and the attack of the sucking insect, the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens, BPH). In bioassays, BPH insects feeding on 15% sugar solution containing p-coumaroylputrescine or feruloylputrescine, at concentrations similar to those elicited by heavy BPH attack in rice, had a higher mortality compared to those feeding on sugar diet alone. Our results highlight PAs as a rapidly expanding new group of plant defence metabolites that are elicited by herbivore attack, and deter herbivores in rice and other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabir Md Alamgir
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Yuko Hojo
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
| | - John T Christeller
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Kaori Fukumoto
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Isshiki
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Tomonori Shinya
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Ian T Baldwin
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, D-07745, Germany
| | - Ivan Galis
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
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Yoshitomi K, Taniguchi S, Tanaka K, Uji Y, Akimitsu K, Gomi K. Rice terpene synthase 24 (OsTPS24) encodes a jasmonate-responsive monoterpene synthase that produces an antibacterial γ-terpinene against rice pathogen. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 191:120-6. [PMID: 26771167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Rice is one of the most important crops worldwide and is widely used as a model plant for molecular studies of monocotyledonous species. The plant hormone jasmonic acid (JA) is involved in rice-pathogen interactions. In addition, volatile compounds, including terpenes, whose production is induced by JA, are known to be involved in the rice defense system. In this study, we analyzed the JA-induced terpene synthase OsTPS24 in rice. We found that OsTPS24 was localized in chloroplasts and produced a monoterpene, γ-terpinene. The amount of γ-terpinene increased after JA treatment. γ-Terpinene had significant antibacterial activity against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo); however, it did not show significant antifungal activity against Magnaporthe oryzae. The antibacterial activity of the γ-terpinene against Xoo was caused by damage to bacterial cell membranes. These results suggest that γ-terpinene plays an important role in JA-induced resistance against Xoo, and that it functions as an antibacterial compound in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Yoshitomi
- Plant Genome and Resource Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Shiduku Taniguchi
- Plant Genome and Resource Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Tanaka
- Plant Genome and Resource Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Yuya Uji
- Plant Genome and Resource Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Kazuya Akimitsu
- Plant Genome and Resource Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Kenji Gomi
- Plant Genome and Resource Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan.
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Havko NE, Major IT, Jewell JB, Attaran E, Browse J, Howe GA. Control of Carbon Assimilation and Partitioning by Jasmonate: An Accounting of Growth-Defense Tradeoffs. PLANTS 2016; 5:plants5010007. [PMID: 27135227 PMCID: PMC4844420 DOI: 10.3390/plants5010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Plant growth is often constrained by the limited availability of resources in the microenvironment. Despite the continuous threat of attack from insect herbivores and pathogens, investment in defense represents a lost opportunity to expand photosynthetic capacity in leaves and absorption of nutrients and water by roots. To mitigate the metabolic expenditure on defense, plants have evolved inducible defense strategies. The plant hormone jasmonate (JA) is a key regulator of many inducible defenses. Synthesis of JA in response to perceived danger leads to the deployment of a variety of defensive structures and compounds, along with a potent inhibition of growth. Genetic studies have established an important role for JA in mediating tradeoffs between growth and defense. However, several gaps remain in understanding of how JA signaling inhibits growth, either through direct transcriptional control of JA-response genes or crosstalk with other signaling pathways. Here, we highlight recent progress in uncovering the role of JA in controlling growth-defense balance and its relationship to resource acquisition and allocation. We also discuss tradeoffs in the context of the ability of JA to promote increased leaf mass per area (LMA), which is a key indicator of leaf construction costs and leaf life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan E Havko
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
| | - Ian T Major
- Department of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Jeremy B Jewell
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
| | - Elham Attaran
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
| | - John Browse
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
| | - Gregg A Howe
- Department of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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Yamamura C, Mizutani E, Okada K, Nakagawa H, Fukushima S, Tanaka A, Maeda S, Kamakura T, Yamane H, Takatsuji H, Mori M. Diterpenoid phytoalexin factor, a bHLH transcription factor, plays a central role in the biosynthesis of diterpenoid phytoalexins in rice. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 84:1100-13. [PMID: 26506081 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa) produces diterpenoid phytoalexins (DPs), momilactones and phytocassanes as major phytoalexins. Accumulation of DPs is induced in rice by blast fungus infection, copper chloride or UV light. Here, we describe a rice transcription factor named diterpenoid phytoalexin factor (DPF), which is a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor. The gene encoding DPF is expressed mainly in roots and panicles, and is inducible in leaves by blast infection, copper chloride or UV. Expression of all DP biosynthetic genes and accumulation of momilactones and phytocassanes were remarkably increased and decreased in DPF over-expressing and DPF knockdown rice, respectively. These results clearly demonstrated that DPF positively regulates DP accumulation via transcriptional regulation of DP biosynthetic genes, and plays a central role in the biosynthesis of DPs in rice. Furthermore, DPF activated the promoters of COPALYL DIPHOSPHATE SYNTHASE2 (CPS2) and CYTOCHROME P450 MONOOXYGENASE 99A2 (CYP99A2), whose products are implicated in the biosynthesis of phytocassanes and momilactones, respectively. Mutations in the N-boxes in the CPS2 upstream region, to which several animal bHLH transcription factors bind, decreased CPS2 transcription, indicating that DPF positively regulates CPS2 transcription through the N-boxes. In addition, DPF partly regulates CYP99A2 through the N-box. This study demonstrates that DPF acts as a master transcription factor in DP biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Yamamura
- Disease Resistant Crops Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, 305-8602, Japan
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Emi Mizutani
- Disease Resistant Crops Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, 305-8602, Japan
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Kazunori Okada
- Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nakagawa
- Disease Resistant Crops Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Setsuko Fukushima
- Disease Resistant Crops Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Atsunori Tanaka
- Disease Resistant Crops Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, 305-8602, Japan
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Satoru Maeda
- Disease Resistant Crops Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Takashi Kamakura
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Hisakazu Yamane
- Department of Biosciences, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya, 320-8551, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takatsuji
- Disease Resistant Crops Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Disease Resistant Crops Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, 305-8602, Japan
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Okada K, Abe H, Arimura GI. Jasmonates induce both defense responses and communication in monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 56:16-27. [PMID: 25378688 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcu158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonic acid (JA) and its derivatives (jasmonates, JAs) are phytohormones with essential roles in plant defense against pathogenesis and herbivorous arthropods. Both the up- and down-regulation of defense responses are dependent on signaling pathways mediated by JAs as well as other stress hormones (e.g. salicylic acid), generally those involving the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of transcription factors via protein modification and epigenetic regulation. In addition to the typical model plant Arabidopsis (a dicotyledon), advances in genetics research have made rice a model monocot in which innovative pest control traits can be introduced and whose JA signaling pathway can be studied. In this review, we introduce the dynamic functions of JAs in plant defense strategy using defensive substances (e.g. indole alkaloids and terpenoid phytoalexins) and airborne signals (e.g. green leaf volatiles and volatile terpenes) in response to biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens as well as above-ground and below-ground herbivores. We then discuss the important issue of how the mutualism of herbivorous arthropods with viruses or bacteria can cause cross-talk between JA and other phytohormones to counter the defense systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Okada
- Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Abe
- Experimental Plant Division, RIKEN BioResource Center, Tsukuba, 305-0074 Japan
| | - Gen-ichiro Arimura
- Department of Biological Science & Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science & Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, 125-8585 Japan
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Schmelz EA, Huffaker A, Sims JW, Christensen SA, Lu X, Okada K, Peters RJ. Biosynthesis, elicitation and roles of monocot terpenoid phytoalexins. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 79:659-78. [PMID: 24450747 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Revised: 12/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
A long-standing goal in plant research is to optimize the protective function of biochemical agents that impede pest and pathogen attack. Nearly 40 years ago, pathogen-inducible diterpenoid production was described in rice, and these compounds were shown to function as antimicrobial phytoalexins. Using rice and maize as examples, we discuss recent advances in the discovery, biosynthesis, elicitation and functional characterization of monocot terpenoid phytoalexins. The recent expansion of known terpenoid phytoalexins now includes not only the labdane-related diterpenoid superfamily but also casbane-type diterpenoids and β-macrocarpene-derived sequiterpenoids. Biochemical approaches have been used to pair pathway precursors and end products with cognate biosynthetic genes. The number of predicted terpenoid phytoalexins is expanding through advances in cereal genome annotation and terpene synthase characterization that likewise enable discoveries outside the Poaceae. At the cellular level, conclusive evidence now exists for multiple plant receptors of fungal-derived chitin elicitors, phosphorylation of membrane-associated signaling complexes, activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase, involvement of phytohormone signals, and the existence of transcription factors that mediate the expression of phytoalexin biosynthetic genes and subsequent accumulation of pathway end products. Elicited production of terpenoid phytoalexins exhibit additional biological functions, including root exudate-mediated allelopathy and insect antifeedant activity. Such findings have encouraged consideration of additional interactions that blur traditionally discrete phytoalexin classifications. The establishment of mutant collections and increasing ease of genetic transformation assists critical examination of further biological roles. Future research directions include examination of terpenoid phytoalexin precursors and end products as potential signals mediating plant physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Schmelz
- Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Chemistry Research Unit, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
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Biosynthesis of Phytoalexins and Regulatory Mechanisms of It in Rice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 77:1141-8. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.130109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Taniguchi S, Miyoshi S, Tamaoki D, Yamada S, Tanaka K, Uji Y, Tanaka S, Akimitsu K, Gomi K. Isolation of jasmonate-induced sesquiterpene synthase of rice: product of which has an antifungal activity against Magnaporthe oryzae. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 171:625-32. [PMID: 24709155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Rice is one of the most important crops worldwide, and it is a model for molecular studies of monocotyledonous species, particularly for understanding the molecular mechanisms of plant disease resistance. Jasmonic acid (JA) is an important plant hormone involved in rice-pathogen interactions. In addition, JA-induced volatiles are known to be involved in the rice defense system regulated by JA signaling. In this study, we isolated a JA-induced terpene synthase from rice, and found that it produces two sesquiterpenes; β-elemene and β-bisabolene. Furthermore, β-elemene exhibited significant antifungal activity against Magnaporthe oryzae; however it did not exhibited any antibacterial activity against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. JA-induced accumulation of β-elemene was regulated by OsJAZ8, a rice jasmonate ZIM-domain (JAZ) protein that is involved in the JA signaling pathway, suggesting that β-elemene plays an important role in JA-induced resistance, and that it functions as an antifungal compound in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiduku Taniguchi
- Faculty of Agriculture and Gene Research Center, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Seika Miyoshi
- Faculty of Agriculture and Gene Research Center, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tamaoki
- Faculty of Agriculture and Gene Research Center, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Shoko Yamada
- Faculty of Agriculture and Gene Research Center, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Tanaka
- Faculty of Agriculture and Gene Research Center, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Yuya Uji
- Faculty of Agriculture and Gene Research Center, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Suzumi Tanaka
- Faculty of Agriculture and Gene Research Center, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Kazuya Akimitsu
- Faculty of Agriculture and Gene Research Center, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Kenji Gomi
- Faculty of Agriculture and Gene Research Center, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan.
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Zare N, Farjaminezhad R, Asghari-Zakaria R, Farjaminezhad M. Enhanced thebaine production in Papaver bracteatum cell suspension culture by combination of elicitation and precursor feeding. Nat Prod Res 2014; 28:711-7. [PMID: 24499458 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2013.878936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of methyl jasmonate (MJ) and ultrasound (US), individually and in combination with L-tyrosine, on the stimulation of thebaine production in Papaver bracteatum cell suspension cultures was studied. The addition of L-tyrosine did not significantly affect the cell biomass, but significantly increased the thebaine yield of cells compared with the control. The synergistic effects of MJ and L-tyrosine in the combined treatment of 100 μM MJ and 2 mM L-tyrosine increased the thebaine yield of cells up to 84.62 mg L(- 1) at 6 days after treatment. Sonication of the cells for 20 s caused a significant decrease in cell growth and biomass, whereas the thebaine yield increased up to 39.60 mg L(- 1) at 6 days after treatment. The combination of US (10 s) and L-tyrosine feeding (2 mM) significantly increased the production of thebaine in comparison to individual utilisation of 2 mM L-tyrosine and US (10 s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Zare
- a Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding , Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili , Ardabil , Iran
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40
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Taniguchi S, Hosokawa-Shinonaga Y, Tamaoki D, Yamada S, Akimitsu K, Gomi K. Jasmonate induction of the monoterpene linalool confers resistance to rice bacterial blight and its biosynthesis is regulated by JAZ protein in rice. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2014; 37:451-61. [PMID: 23889289 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonic acid (JA) is involved in the regulation of host immunity in plants. Recently, we demonstrated that JA signalling has an important role in resistance to rice bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) in rice. Here, we report that many volatile compounds accumulate in response to exogenous application of JA, including the monoterpene linalool. Expression of linalool synthase was up-regulated by JA. Vapour treatment with linalool induced resistance to Xoo, and transgenic rice plants overexpressing linalool synthase were more resistance to Xoo, presumably due to the up-regulation of defence-related genes in the absence of any treatment. JA-induced accumulation of linalool was regulated by OsJAZ8, a rice jasmonate ZIM-domain protein involving the JA signalling pathway at the transcriptional level, suggesting that linalool plays an important role in JA-induced resistance to Xoo in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiduku Taniguchi
- Faculty of Agriculture and Gene Research Center, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa, 761-0795, Japan
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A Review of the Applications of Chitin and Its Derivatives in Agriculture to Modify Plant-Microbial Interactions and Improve Crop Yields. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy3040757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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OsJAR1 contributes mainly to biosynthesis of the stress-induced jasmonoyl-isoleucine involved in defense responses in rice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2013; 77:1556-64. [PMID: 23832371 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.130272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonate plays key roles in plant growth and stress responses, as in defense against pathogen attack. Jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile), a major active form of jasmonates, is thought to play a pivotal role in plant defense responses, but the involvement of JA-Ile in rice defense responses, including phytoalexin production, remains largely unknown. Here we found that OsJAR1 contributes mainly to stress-induced JA-Ile production by the use of an osjar1 Tos17 mutant. The osjar1 mutant was impaired in JA-induced expression of JA-responsive genes and phytoalexin production, and these defects were restored genetically. Endogenous JA-Ile was indispensable to the production of a flavonoid phytoalexin, sakuranetin, but not to that of diterpenoid phytoalexins in response to heavy metal stress and the rice blast fungus. The osjar1 mutant was also found to be more susceptible to the blast fungus than the parental wild type. These results suggest that JA-Ile production makes a contribution to rice defense responses with a great impact on stress-induced sakuranetin production.
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44
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Nakamura Y, Reichelt M, Mayer VE, Mithöfer A. Jasmonates trigger prey-induced formation of 'outer stomach' in carnivorous sundew plants. Proc Biol Sci 2013; 280:20130228. [PMID: 23516244 PMCID: PMC3619512 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2013.0228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been widely accepted that the growth-related phytohormone auxin is the endogenous signal that initiates bending movements of plant organs. In 1875, Charles Darwin described how the bending movement of leaves in carnivorous sundew species formed an 'outer stomach' that allowed the plants to enclose and digest captured insect prey. About 100 years later, auxin was suggested to be the factor responsible for this movement. We report that prey capture induces both leaf bending and the accumulation of defence-related jasmonate phytohormones. In Drosera capensis fed with fruitflies, within 3 h after prey capture and simultaneous with leaf movement, we detected an increase in jasmonic acid and its isoleucine conjugate. This accumulation was spatially restricted to the bending segment of the leaves. The application of jasmonates alone was sufficient to trigger leaf bending. Only living fruitflies or the body fluids of crushed fruitflies induced leaf curvature; neither dead flies nor mechanical treatment had any effect. Our findings strongly suggest that the formation of the 'outer stomach' in Drosera is a chemonastic movement that is triggered by accumulation of endogenous jasmonates. These results suggest that in carnivorous sundew plants the jasmonate cascade might have been adapted to facilitate carnivory rather than to defend against herbivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Nakamura
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans Knöll Strasse 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Reichelt
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans Knöll Strasse 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Veronika E. Mayer
- Department of Structural and Functional Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Axel Mithöfer
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans Knöll Strasse 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
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Chujo T, Miyamoto K, Shimogawa T, Shimizu T, Otake Y, Yokotani N, Nishizawa Y, Shibuya N, Nojiri H, Yamane H, Minami E, Okada K. OsWRKY28, a PAMP-responsive transrepressor, negatively regulates innate immune responses in rice against rice blast fungus. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 82:23-37. [PMID: 23462973 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-013-0032-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors form a large family of plant-specific transcription factors and participate in plant defense responses either as positive or negative regulators. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the role of one of the group IIa WRKY transcription factors in rice, OsWRKY28, in the regulation of basal defense responses to a compatible race of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, strain Ina86-137. The expression analyses of the group IIa WRKY transcription factors in rice revealed that OsWRKY28, together with OsWRKY71, exhibit an early-induced expression prior to the late-induced expressions of OsWRKY62 and OsWRKY76. The GFP-OsWRKY28 fusion protein localized mainly in the nuclei of onion epidermal cells, and the maltose-binding protein-fused OsWRKY28 recombinant protein specifically bound to W-box elements. A transient reporter gene assay clearly showed that OsWRKY28 functions as a transcriptional repressor. Overexpression of OsWRKY28 in rice plants resulted in enhanced susceptibility to Ina86-137. Finally, transcriptome analysis revealed that the induction of several defense-related genes in the wild type after Ina86-137 infection was counteracted in OsWRKY28-overexpressing rice plants. These results strongly suggest that OsWRKY28 is a negative regulator of basal defense responses against Ina86-137 and acts as a modulator to maintain the responses at an appropriate level by attenuating the activation of defense-related gene expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Chujo
- Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
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Desaki Y, Otomo I, Kobayashi D, Jikumaru Y, Kamiya Y, Venkatesh B, Tsuyumu S, Kaku H, Shibuya N. Positive crosstalk of MAMP signaling pathways in rice cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51953. [PMID: 23251660 PMCID: PMC3522599 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants have evolved efficient defense mechanisms known as priming and synergy, both of which can mobilize defense responses more extensively against successive pathogen invasion or simultaneous stimulation by different signal molecules. However, the mechanisms underlying these phenomena were largely unknown. In the present study, we used cultured rice cells and combination of purified MAMP molecules as a model system to study the mechanisms of these phenomena. We found that the pretreatment of rice cells with a low concentration of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) apparently primed the defense responses induced by successive N-acetylchitooctaose (GN8) treatment. On the other hand, simultaneous treatment with GN8 and LPS also resulted in the similar enhancement of defense responses observed for the LPS-induced priming, indicating that the synergistic effects of these MAMPs are basically responsible for such enhancement of defense responses, though the effect could be interpreted as "priming" under some experimental conditions. These results also indicate that such a positive crosstalk of signaling cascade downstream of MAMP receptors seems to occur very rapidly, probably at early step(s) of signaling pathway. Comprehensive analysis of phytohormones revealed a specific enhancement of the synthesis of jasmonic acid (JA), both in the LPS pretreatment and also simultaneous treatment, indicating a role of JA in the enhancement of downstream responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitake Desaki
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ippei Otomo
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Daijiro Kobayashi
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Yuji Kamiya
- RIKEN Plant Science Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Shinji Tsuyumu
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hanae Kaku
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naoto Shibuya
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Yamada S, Kano A, Tamaoki D, Miyamoto A, Shishido H, Miyoshi S, Taniguchi S, Akimitsu K, Gomi K. Involvement of OsJAZ8 in jasmonate-induced resistance to bacterial blight in rice. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 53:2060-72. [PMID: 23104764 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcs145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone jasmonic acid (JA) has a crucial role in both host immunity and development in plants. Here, we report the importance of JA signaling in the defense system of rice. Exogenous application of JA conferred resistance to bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) in rice. Expression of OsJAZ8, a rice jasmonate ZIM-domain protein, was highly up-regulated by JA. OsJAZ8 interacted with a putative OsCOI1, which is a component of the SCF(COI1) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, in a coronatine-dependent manner. OsJAZ8 also formed heterodimers with other OsJAZ proteins but did not form homodimer. JA treatment caused OsJAZ8 degradation and this degradation was dependent on the 26S proteasome pathway. Furthermore, the JA-dependent OsJAZ8 degradation was mediated by the Jas domain. Transgenic rice plants overexpressing OsJAZ8ΔC, which lacks the Jas domain, exhibited a JA-insensitive phenotype. A large-scale analysis using a rice DNA microarray revealed that overexpression of OsJAZ8ΔC altered the expression of JA-responsive genes, including defense-related genes, in rice. Furthermore, OsJAZ8ΔC negatively regulated the JA-induced resistance to Xoo in rice. On the basis of these data, we conclude that JA plays an important role in resistance to Xoo, and OsJAZ8 acts as a repressor of JA signaling in rice.
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Liu X, Li F, Tang J, Wang W, Zhang F, Wang G, Chu J, Yan C, Wang T, Chu C, Li C. Activation of the jasmonic acid pathway by depletion of the hydroperoxide lyase OsHPL3 reveals crosstalk between the HPL and AOS branches of the oxylipin pathway in rice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50089. [PMID: 23209649 PMCID: PMC3510209 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The allene oxide synthase (AOS) and hydroperoxide lyase (HPL) branches of the oxylipin pathway, which underlie the production of jasmonates and aldehydes, respectively, function in plant responses to a range of stresses. Regulatory crosstalk has been proposed to exist between these two signaling branches; however, there is no direct evidence of this. Here, we identified and characterized a jasmonic acid (JA) overproduction mutant, cea62, by screening a rice T-DNA insertion mutant library for lineages that constitutively express the AOS gene. Map-based cloning was used to identify the underlying gene as hydroperoxide lyase OsHPL3. HPL3 expression and the enzyme activity of its product, (E)-2-hexenal, were depleted in the cea62 mutant, which resulted in the dramatic overproduction of JA, the activation of JA signaling, and the emergence of the lesion mimic phenotype. A time-course analysis of lesion formation and of the induction of defense responsive genes in the cea62 mutant revealed that the activation of JA biosynthesis and signaling in cea62 was regulated in a developmental manner, as was OsHPL3 activity in the wild-type plant. Microarray analysis showed that the JA-governed defense response was greatly activated in cea62 and this plant exhibited enhanced resistance to the T1 strain of the bacterial blight pathogen Xanthomonasoryzaepvoryzae (Xoo). The wounding response was attenuated in cea62 plants during the early stages of development, but partially recovered when JA levels were elevated during the later stages. In contrast, the wounding response was not altered during the different developmental stages of wild-type plants. These findings suggest that these two branches of the oxylipin pathway exhibit crosstalk with regards to biosynthesis and signaling and cooperate with each other to function in diverse stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chengcai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanyou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Peng X, Hu Y, Tang X, Zhou P, Deng X, Wang H, Guo Z. Constitutive expression of rice WRKY30 gene increases the endogenous jasmonic acid accumulation, PR gene expression and resistance to fungal pathogens in rice. PLANTA 2012; 236:1485-98. [PMID: 22798060 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-012-1698-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors are crucial regulatory components of plant responses to pathogen infection. In the present study, we report isolation and functional characterization of the pathogen-responsive rice WRKY30 gene, whose transcripts accumulate rapidly in response to salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) treatment. Overexpression of WRKY30 in rice enhanced resistance to rice sheath blight fungus Rhizoctonia solani and blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea. The enhanced resistance in the transgenic lines overexpressing WRKY30 was associated with activated expression of JA synthesis-related genes LOX, AOS2 and pathogenesis-related (PR)3 and PR10, and increased endogenous JA accumulation under the challenge of fungal pathogens. WRKY30 was nuclear-localized and had transcriptional activation ability in yeast cells, supporting that it functions as a transcription factor. Together, our findings indicate that JA plays a crucial role in the WRKY30-mediated defense responses to fungal pathogens, and that the rice WRKY30 seems promising as an important candidate gene to improve disease resistance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixu Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan Rd., Xiangtan, 411201, Hunan, China
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Iori V, Pietrini F, Zacchini M. Assessment of ibuprofen tolerance and removal capability in Populus nigra L. by in vitro culture. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2012; 229-230:217-223. [PMID: 22721836 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.05.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Release of pharmaceuticals in the environment has been emerging as a great concern for ecosystem and human health. Ibuprofen (IBU) represents one of the most widespread pharmaceuticals in surface waters and sediments in spite of the high removal rates occurring in conventional wastewater technologies. To assess the potentiality of phytoremediation in assisting these technologies, the screening of plant species for tolerance and removal ability of pollutants is a very important issue. In this study, the effects of different IBU concentrations on callus cultures of Populus nigra L., a pioneer tree species in the riparian ecosystem, were investigated. Results evidenced a notable tolerance of poplar cells to IBU, especially at high concentrations (IBU 30 mg L(-1)), which even stimulated growth. At this concentration, the ability to withstand IBU was accompanied by inhibition of lipoxygenase (LOX) activity, reduction of lipid peroxide content and increase of membrane redox activity. Irrespective of initial IBU concentrations, a complete removal of this compound from the growth medium by poplar cells during a subculture occurred. Antioxidative enzyme activities and polyamine content were stimulated by IBU 0.03 mg L(-1), while no effect was found in cells exposed to IBU 30 mg L(-1), except for a decrease of guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) activity. These findings put in evidence a notable potential of this plant species for the phytoremediation of IBU-contaminated substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Iori
- Institute of Agro-environmental and Forest Biology, CNR - National Research Council of Italy, Via Salaria Km. 29,300, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Roma, Italy
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