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Juneja S, Saini R, Mukit A, Kumar S. Drought priming modulates ABF, GRFs, related microRNAs and induce metabolic adjustment during heat stress in chickpea. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 203:108007. [PMID: 37714028 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Drought and high temperature stress may occur concomitantly or individually in succession causing cellular dysfunctions. Abscisic acid (ABA) is a key stress regulator, and its responsive genes are controlled by ABRE (Abscisic acid Responsive Element)-binding factors (ABFs)and G-Box Regulatory factors (GRFs). Here, we identify ABFs, GRFs and targeting miRNAs in desi and kabuli chickpea. To validate their role after drought priming and subsequent high temperature stress, two contrasting chickpea varieties (PBG1 and PBG5) were primed and exposed to 32 °C, 35 °C and 38 °C for 12, 6 and 2 h respectively and analyzed for Physio-biochemical, expression of ABFs, GRFs and MiRNAs, and GC-MS based metabolite analysis. To ascertain the ABF-GRF protein-protein interactions, docking studies were carried out between the ABF3 and GRF14. Genome-wide analysis identified total 9 & 11 ABFs, and 11 GRFsin desi and kabuli respectively. Their gene structure, and motif composition were conserved in all subfamilies and only 10 and 12 genes have undergone duplication in both desi and kabuli chickpea respectively. These genes were differentially expressed in-silico. MiR172 and miR396 were identified to target ABFs and GRFs respectively. Protein-protein interaction (ABF3 and GRF14) might be successful only when the ABF3 was phosphorylated. Drought priming downregulated miR172 and miR396 and eventually upregulated targeting ABFs, and GRFs. Metabolite profiling (GC-MS) revealed the accumulation of 87 metabolites in Primed (P) and Non-Primed (NP) Chickpea plants. Tolerant cultivar (PBG5) responded better in all respects however both severity of stress and exposure are important factors and can produce broadly similar cellular response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumandeep Juneja
- Centre for Biosciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Rashmi Saini
- Centre for Biosciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Abdul Mukit
- Department of Botany, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Centre for Biosciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India; Department of Botany, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India.
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Darnet E, Teixeira B, Schaller H, Rogez H, Darnet S. Elucidating the Mesocarp Drupe Transcriptome of Açai ( Euterpe oleracea Mart.): An Amazonian Tree Palm Producer of Bioactive Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119315. [PMID: 37298279 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Euterpe oleracea palm, endemic to the Amazon region, is well known for açai, a fruit violet beverage with nutritional and medicinal properties. During E. oleracea fruit ripening, anthocyanin accumulation is not related to sugar production, contrarily to grape and blueberry. Ripened fruits have a high content of anthocyanins, isoprenoids, fibers, and proteins, and are poor in sugars. E. oleracea is proposed as a new genetic model for metabolism partitioning in the fruit. Approximately 255 million single-end-oriented reads were generated on an Ion Proton NGS platform combining fruit cDNA libraries at four ripening stages. The de novo transcriptome assembly was tested using six assemblers and 46 different combinations of parameters, a pre-processing and a post-processing step. The multiple k-mer approach with TransABySS as an assembler and Evidential Gene as a post-processer have shown the best results, with an N50 of 959 bp, a read coverage mean of 70x, a BUSCO complete sequence recovery of 36% and an RBMT of 61%. The fruit transcriptome dataset included 22,486 transcripts representing 18 Mbp, of which a proportion of 87% had significant homology with other plant sequences. Approximately 904 new EST-SSRs were described, and were common and transferable to Phoenix dactylifera and Elaeis guineensis, two other palm trees. The global GO classification of transcripts showed similar categories to that in P. dactylifera and E. guineensis fruit transcriptomes. For an accurate annotation and functional description of metabolism genes, a bioinformatic pipeline was developed to precisely identify orthologs, such as one-to-one orthologs between species, and to infer multigenic family evolution. The phylogenetic inference confirmed an occurrence of duplication events in the Arecaceae lineage and the presence of orphan genes in E. oleracea. Anthocyanin and tocopherol pathways were annotated entirely. Interestingly, the anthocyanin pathway showed a high number of paralogs, similar to in grape, whereas the tocopherol pathway exhibited a low and conserved gene number and the prediction of several splicing forms. The release of this exhaustively annotated molecular dataset of E. oleracea constitutes a valuable tool for further studies in metabolism partitioning and opens new great perspectives to study fruit physiology with açai as a model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Darnet
- Centre for Valorization of Amazonian Bioactive Compounds (CVACBA) & Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-750, PA, Brazil
- International Associated Laboratory PALMHEAT, Frech Scientific Research National Center (CNRS)/UFPA, 75016 Paris, France
| | - Bruno Teixeira
- Centre for Valorization of Amazonian Bioactive Compounds (CVACBA) & Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-750, PA, Brazil
| | - Hubert Schaller
- International Associated Laboratory PALMHEAT, Frech Scientific Research National Center (CNRS)/UFPA, 75016 Paris, France
- Plant Isoprenoid Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology of Plants of the Scientific Research National Center, Strasbourg University, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Hervé Rogez
- Centre for Valorization of Amazonian Bioactive Compounds (CVACBA) & Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-750, PA, Brazil
| | - Sylvain Darnet
- Centre for Valorization of Amazonian Bioactive Compounds (CVACBA) & Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-750, PA, Brazil
- International Associated Laboratory PALMHEAT, Frech Scientific Research National Center (CNRS)/UFPA, 75016 Paris, France
- Plant Isoprenoid Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology of Plants of the Scientific Research National Center, Strasbourg University, 67081 Strasbourg, France
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Singh R, Singh A, Mahato AK, Paliwal R, Tiwari G, Kumar A. De Novo Transcriptome Profiling for the Generation and Validation of Microsatellite Markers, Transcription Factors, and Database Development for Andrographis paniculata. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119212. [PMID: 37298166 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Andrographis paniculata belongs to the family Acanthaceae and is known for its medicinal properties owing to the presence of unique constituents belonging to the lactones, diterpenoids, diterpene glycosides, flavonoids, and flavonoid glycosides groups of chemicals. Andrographolide, a major therapeutic constituent of A. paniculata, is extracted primarily from the leaves of this plant and exhibits antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. Using 454 GS-FLX pyrosequencing, we have generated a whole transcriptome profile of entire leaves of A. paniculata. A total of 22,402 high-quality transcripts were generated, with an average transcript length and N50 of 884 bp and 1007 bp, respectively. Functional annotation revealed that 19,264 (86%) of the total transcripts showed significant similarity with the NCBI-Nr database and were successfully annotated. Out of the 19,264 BLAST hits, 17,623 transcripts were assigned GO terms and distributed into three major functional categories: molecular function (44.62%), biological processes (29.19%), and cellular component (26.18%) based on BLAST2GO. Transcription factor analysis showed 6669 transcripts, belonging to 57 different transcription factor families. Fifteen TF genes that belong to the NAC, MYB, and bHLH TF categories were validated by RT PCR amplification. In silico analysis of gene families involved in the synthesis of biochemical compounds having medicinal values, such as cytochrome p450, protein kinases, heat shock proteins, and transporters, was completed and a total of 102 different transcripts encoding enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of terpenoids were predicted. Out of these, 33 transcripts belonged to terpenoid backbone biosynthesis. This study also identified 4254 EST-SSRs from 3661 transcripts, representing 16.34% of the total transcripts. Fifty-three novel EST-SSR markers generated from our EST dataset were used to assess the genetic diversity among eighteen A. paniculata accessions. The genetic diversity analysis revealed two distinct sub-clusters and all accessions based on the genetic similarity index were distinct from each other. A database based on EST transcripts, EST-SSR markers, and transcription factors has been developed using data generated from the present study combined with available transcriptomic resources from a public database using Meta transcriptome analysis to make genomic resources available in one place to the researchers working on this medicinal plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Singh
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Akshay Singh
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Mahato
- The Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad 500039, India
| | - Ritu Paliwal
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Gunjan Tiwari
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Division of Germplasm Evaluation, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi 110012, India
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Samal I, Bhoi TK, Raj MN, Majhi PK, Murmu S, Pradhan AK, Kumar D, Paschapur AU, Joshi DC, Guru PN. Underutilized legumes: nutrient status and advanced breeding approaches for qualitative and quantitative enhancement. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1110750. [PMID: 37275642 PMCID: PMC10232757 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1110750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Underutilized/orphan legumes provide food and nutritional security to resource-poor rural populations during periods of drought and extreme hunger, thus, saving millions of lives. The Leguminaceae, which is the third largest flowering plant family, has approximately 650 genera and 20,000 species and are distributed globally. There are various protein-rich accessible and edible legumes, such as soybean, cowpea, and others; nevertheless, their consumption rate is far higher than production, owing to ever-increasing demand. The growing global urge to switch from an animal-based protein diet to a vegetarian-based protein diet has also accelerated their demand. In this context, underutilized legumes offer significant potential for food security, nutritional requirements, and agricultural development. Many of the known legumes like Mucuna spp., Canavalia spp., Sesbania spp., Phaseolus spp., and others are reported to contain comparable amounts of protein, essential amino acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), dietary fiber, essential minerals and vitamins along with other bioactive compounds. Keeping this in mind, the current review focuses on the potential of discovering underutilized legumes as a source of food, feed and pharmaceutically valuable chemicals, in order to provide baseline data for addressing malnutrition-related problems and sustaining pulse needs across the globe. There is a scarcity of information about underutilized legumes and is restricted to specific geographical zones with local or traditional significance. Around 700 genera and 20,000 species remain for domestication, improvement, and mainstreaming. Significant efforts in research, breeding, and development are required to transform existing local landraces of carefully selected, promising crops into types with broad adaptability and economic viability. Different breeding efforts and the use of biotechnological methods such as micro-propagation, molecular markers research and genetic transformation for the development of underutilized crops are offered to popularize lesser-known legume crops and help farmers diversify their agricultural systems and boost their profitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipsita Samal
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sri Sri University, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Tanmaya Kumar Bhoi
- Forest Protection Division, ICFRE-Arid Forest Research Institute, Jodhpur, India
| | - M. Nikhil Raj
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Prasanta Kumar Majhi
- Regional Research and Technology Transfer Station, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Keonjhar, Odisha, India
| | - Sneha Murmu
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Dilip Kumar
- ICAR-National Institute of Agricultural Economics and Policy Research, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - P. N. Guru
- ICAR-Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering and Technology, Ludhiana, India
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Yadav RK, Tripathi MK, Tiwari S, Tripathi N, Asati R, Patel V, Sikarwar RS, Payasi DK. Breeding and Genomic Approaches towards Development of Fusarium Wilt Resistance in Chickpea. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13040988. [PMID: 37109518 PMCID: PMC10144025 DOI: 10.3390/life13040988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chickpea is an important leguminous crop with potential to provide dietary proteins to both humans and animals. It also ameliorates soil nitrogen through biological nitrogen fixation. The crop is affected by an array of biotic and abiotic factors. Among different biotic stresses, a major fungal disease called Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris (FOC), is responsible for low productivity in chickpea. To date, eight pathogenic races of FOC (race 0, 1A, and 1B/C, 2-6) have been reported worldwide. The development of resistant cultivars using different conventional breeding methods is very time consuming and depends upon the environment. Modern technologies can improve conventional methods to solve these major constraints. Understanding the molecular response of chickpea to Fusarium wilt can help to provide effective management strategies. The identification of molecular markers closely linked to genes/QTLs has provided great potential for chickpea improvement programs. Moreover, omics approaches, including transcriptomics, metabolomics, and proteomics give scientists a vast viewpoint of functional genomics. In this review, we will discuss the integration of all available strategies and provide comprehensive knowledge about chickpea plant defense against Fusarium wilt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior 474002, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Tripathi
- Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior 474002, India
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior 474002, India
| | - Sushma Tiwari
- Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior 474002, India
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior 474002, India
| | - Niraj Tripathi
- Directorate of Research Services, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur 482004, India
| | - Ruchi Asati
- Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior 474002, India
| | - Vinod Patel
- Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior 474002, India
| | - R S Sikarwar
- Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior 474002, India
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Gretsova M, Surkova S, Kanapin A, Samsonova A, Logacheva M, Shcherbakov A, Logachev A, Bankin M, Nuzhdin S, Samsonova M. Transcriptomic Analysis of Flowering Time Genes in Cultivated Chickpea and Wild Cicer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032692. [PMID: 36769014 PMCID: PMC9916832 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a major grain legume and a good source of plant-based protein. However, comprehensive knowledge of flowering time control in Cicer is lacking. In this study, we acquire high-throughput transcriptome sequencing data and analyze changes in gene expression during floral transition in the early flowering cultivar ICCV 96029, later flowering C. arietinum accessions, and two wild species, C. reticulatum and C. echinospermum. We identify Cicer orthologs of A. thaliana flowering time genes and analyze differential expression of 278 genes between four species/accessions, three tissue types, and two conditions. Our results show that the differences in gene expression between ICCV 96029 and other cultivated chickpea accessions are vernalization-dependent. In addition, we highlight the role of FTa3, an ortholog of FLOWERING LOCUS T in Arabidopsis, in the vernalization response of cultivated chickpea. A common set of differentially expressed genes was found for all comparisons between wild species and cultivars. The direction of expression change for different copies of the FT-INTERACTING PROTEIN 1 gene was variable in different comparisons, which suggests complex mechanisms of FT protein transport. Our study makes a contribution to the understanding of flowering time control in Cicer, and can provide genetic strategies to further improve this important agronomic trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gretsova
- Mathematical Biology and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Svetlana Surkova
- Mathematical Biology and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander Kanapin
- Centre for Computational Biology, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anastasia Samsonova
- Centre for Computational Biology, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maria Logacheva
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Shcherbakov
- Laboratory of Microbial Technology, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anton Logachev
- Mathematical Biology and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mikhail Bankin
- Mathematical Biology and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sergey Nuzhdin
- Section of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Maria Samsonova
- Mathematical Biology and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence:
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Asati R, Tripathi MK, Tiwari S, Yadav RK, Tripathi N. Molecular Breeding and Drought Tolerance in Chickpea. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12111846. [PMID: 36430981 PMCID: PMC9698494 DOI: 10.3390/life12111846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cicer arietinum L. is the third greatest widely planted imperative pulse crop worldwide, and it belongs to the Leguminosae family. Drought is the utmost common abiotic factor on plants, distressing their water status and limiting their growth and development. Chickpea genotypes have the natural ability to fight drought stress using certain strategies viz., escape, avoidance and tolerance. Assorted breeding methods, including hybridization, mutation, and marker-aided breeding, genome sequencing along with omics approaches, could be used to improve the chickpea germplasm lines(s) against drought stress. Root features, for instance depth and root biomass, have been recognized as the greatest beneficial morphological factors for managing terminal drought tolerance in the chickpea. Marker-aided selection, for example, is a genomics-assisted breeding (GAB) strategy that can considerably increase crop breeding accuracy and competence. These breeding technologies, notably marker-assisted breeding, omics, and plant physiology knowledge, underlined the importance of chickpea breeding and can be used in future crop improvement programmes to generate drought-tolerant cultivars(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Asati
- Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior 474002, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Tripathi
- Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior 474002, India
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior 474002, India
- Correspondence: (M.K.T.); (N.T.)
| | - Sushma Tiwari
- Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior 474002, India
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior 474002, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior 474002, India
| | - Niraj Tripathi
- Directorate of Research Services, Jawaharlal Nehru Agricultural University, Jabalpur 482004, India
- Correspondence: (M.K.T.); (N.T.)
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An integrated transcriptome mapping the regulatory network of coding and long non-coding RNAs provides a genomics resource in chickpea. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1106. [PMID: 36261617 PMCID: PMC9581958 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04083-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-scale transcriptome analysis can provide a systems-level understanding of biological processes. To accelerate functional genomic studies in chickpea, we perform a comprehensive transcriptome analysis to generate full-length transcriptome and expression atlas of protein-coding genes (PCGs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) from 32 different tissues/organs via deep sequencing. The high-depth RNA-seq dataset reveal expression dynamics and tissue-specificity along with associated biological functions of PCGs and lncRNAs during development. The coexpression network analysis reveal modules associated with a particular tissue or a set of related tissues. The components of transcriptional regulatory networks (TRNs), including transcription factors, their cognate cis-regulatory motifs, and target PCGs/lncRNAs that determine developmental programs of different tissues/organs, are identified. Several candidate tissue-specific and abiotic stress-responsive transcripts associated with quantitative trait loci that determine important agronomic traits are also identified. These results provide an important resource to advance functional/translational genomic and genetic studies during chickpea development and environmental conditions. A full-length transcriptome and expression atlas of protein-coding genes and long non-coding RNAs is generated in chickpea. Components of transcriptional regulatory networks and candidate tissue-specific transcripts associated with quantitative trait loci are identified.
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Herbal Arsenal against Skin Ailments: A Review Supported by In Silico Molecular Docking Studies. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196207. [PMID: 36234737 PMCID: PMC9572213 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining healthy skin is important for a healthy body. At present, skin diseases are numerous, representing a major health problem affecting all ages from neonates to the elderly worldwide. Many people may develop diseases that affect the skin, including cancer, herpes, and cellulitis. Long-term conventional treatment creates complicated disorders in vital organs of the body. It also imposes socioeconomic burdens on patients. Natural treatment is cheap and claimed to be safe. The use of plants is as old as mankind. Many medicinal plants and their parts are frequently used to treat these diseases, and they are also suitable raw materials for the production of new synthetic agents. A review of some plant families, viz., Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, etc., used in the treatment of skin diseases is provided with their most common compounds and in silico studies that summarize the recent data that have been collected in this area.
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Sundaray JK, Dixit S, Rather A, Rasal KD, Sahoo L. Aquaculture omics: An update on the current status of research and data analysis. Mar Genomics 2022; 64:100967. [PMID: 35779450 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2022.100967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aquaculture is the fast-growing agricultural sector and has the ability to meet the growing demand for protein nutritional security for future population. In future aquaculture is going to be the major source of fish proteins as capture fisheries reached at its maximum. However, several challenges need to overcome such as lack of genetically improved strains/varieties, lack of species-specific feed/functional feed, round the year availability of quality fish seed, pollution of ecosystems and increased frequencies of disease occurrence etc. In recent years, the continuous development of high throughput sequencing technology has revolutionized the biological sciences and provided necessary tools. Application of 'omics' in aquaculture research have been successfully used to resolve several productive and reproductive issues and thus ensure its sustainability and profitability. To date, high quality draft genomes of over fifty fish species have been generated and successfully used to develop large number of single nucleotide polymorphism markers (SNPs), marker panels and other genomic resources etc in several aquaculture species. Similarly, transcriptome profiling and miRNAs analysis have been used in aquaculture research to identify key transcripts and expression analysis of candidate genes/miRNAs involved in reproduction, immunity, growth, development, stress toxicology and disease. Metagenome analysis emerged as a promising scientific tool to analyze the complex genomes contained within microbial communities. Metagenomics has been successfully used in the aquaculture sector to identify novel and potential pathogens, antibiotic resistance genes, microbial roles in microcosms, microbial communities forming biofloc, probiotics etc. In the current review, we discussed application of high-throughput technologies (NGS) in the aquaculture sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Kumar Sundaray
- ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar 751002, Odisha, India
| | - Sangita Dixit
- Centre for Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Ashraf Rather
- Division of Fish Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Fisheries, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology, Rangil-Ganderbal 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Kiran D Rasal
- Fish Genetics and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai 400 061, Maharastra, India
| | - Lakshman Sahoo
- ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar 751002, Odisha, India.
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Mahto RK, Ambika, Singh C, Chandana BS, Singh RK, Verma S, Gahlaut V, Manohar M, Yadav N, Kumar R. Chickpea Biofortification for Cytokinin Dehydrogenase via Genome Editing to Enhance Abiotic-Biotic Stress Tolerance and Food Security. Front Genet 2022; 13:900324. [PMID: 35669196 PMCID: PMC9164125 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.900324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally more than two billion people suffer from micronutrient malnutrition (also known as "hidden hunger"). Further, the pregnant women and children in developing nations are mainly affected by micronutrient deficiencies. One of the most important factors is food insecurity which can be mitigated by improving the nutritional values through biofortification using selective breeding and genetic enhancement techniques. Chickpea is the second most important legume with numerous economic and nutraceutical properties. Therefore, chickpea production needs to be increased from the current level. However, various kind of biotic and abiotic stresses hamper global chickpea production. The emerging popular targets for biofortification in agronomic crops include targeting cytokinin dehydrogenase (CKX). The CKXs play essential roles in both physiological and developmental processes and directly impact several agronomic parameters i.e., growth, development, and yield. Manipulation of CKX genes using genome editing tools in several crop plants reveal that CKXs are involved in regulation yield, shoot and root growth, and minerals nutrition. Therefore, CKXs have become popular targets for yield improvement, their overexpression and mutants can be directly correlated with the increased yield and tolerance to various stresses. Here, we provide detailed information on the different roles of CKX genes in chickpea. In the end, we discuss the utilization of genome editing tool clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) to engineer CKX genes that can facilitate trait improvement. Overall, recent advancements in CKX and their role in plant growth, stresses and nutrient accumulation are highlighted, which could be used for chickpea improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ambika
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, UAS, Bangalore, India
| | - Charul Singh
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, India
| | - B S. Chandana
- Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR), New Delhi, India
| | | | - Shruti Verma
- NCoE-SAM, Department of Pediatrics, KSCH, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Vijay Gahlaut
- Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR), Palampur, India
| | - Murli Manohar
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Neelam Yadav
- Centre of Food Technology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Rajendra Kumar
- Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR), New Delhi, India
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12
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Draft genome sequence of Indian mulberry (Morus indica) provides a resource for functional and translational genomics. Genomics 2022; 114:110346. [PMID: 35331861 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Mulberry is an important crop plant for the sericulture industry. Here, we report high-quality genome sequence of a cultivated Indian mulberry (Morus indica cv K2) obtained by combining data from four different technologies, including Illumina, single-molecule real-time sequencing, chromosome conformation capture and optical mapping, with a gene completeness of 96.5%. Based on the genome sequence, we identified 49.2% of repetitive DNA and 27,435 high-confidence protein-coding genes with >90% of them supported by transcript evidence. A comparative analysis with other plant genomes identified 4.8% of species-specific genes in the M. indica genome. Transcriptome profiling revealed tissue-specific and differential expression across multiple accessions of ~4.7% and 2-5% of protein-coding genes, respectively, implicated in diverse biological processes. Whole genome resequencing of 21 accessions/species revealed ~2.5 million single nucleotide polymorphisms and ~ 0.2 million insertions/deletions. These data and results provide a comprehensive resource to accelerate the genomics research in mulberry for its improvement.
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13
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La HV, Chu HD, Tran CD, Nguyen KH, Le QTN, Hoang CM, Cao BP, Pham ATC, Nguyen BD, Nguyen TQ, Van Nguyen L, Ha CV, Le HT, Le HH, Le TD, Tran LSP. Insights into the gene and protein structures of the CaSWEET family members in chickpea (Cicer arietinum), and their gene expression patterns in different organs under various stress and abscisic acid treatments. Gene 2022; 819:146210. [PMID: 35104577 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
'Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters' (SWEETs) are a group of sugar transporters that play crucial roles in various biological processes, particularly plant stress responses. However, no information is available yet for the CaSWEET family in chickpea. Here, we identified all putative CaSWEET members in chickpea, and obtained their major characteristics, including physicochemical patterns, chromosomal distribution, subcellular localization, gene organization, conserved motifs and three-dimensional protein structures. Subsequently, we explored available transcriptome data to compare spatiotemporal transcript abundance of CaSWEET genes in various major organs. Finally, we studied the changes in their transcript levels in leaves and/or roots following dehydration and exogenous abscisic acid treatments using RT-qPCR to obtain valuable information underlying their potential roles in chickpea responses to water-stress conditions. Our results provide the first insights into the characteristics of the CaSWEET family members and a foundation for further functional characterizations of selected candidate genes for genetic engineering of chickpea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Viet La
- Faculty of Biology and Agricultural Technology, Hanoi Pedagogical University 2, Phuc Yen City, Vinh Phuc Province 280000, Viet Nam
| | - Ha Duc Chu
- Faculty of Agricultural Technology, University of Engineering and Technology, Vietnam National University Hanoi, Xuan Thuy Road, Cau Giay District, Hanoi City 122300, Viet Nam.
| | - Cuong Duy Tran
- Agricultural Genetics Institute, Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Pham Van Dong Road, North Tu Liem District, Hanoi City 122300, Viet Nam
| | - Kien Huu Nguyen
- Agricultural Genetics Institute, Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Pham Van Dong Road, North Tu Liem District, Hanoi City 122300, Viet Nam
| | - Quynh Thi Ngoc Le
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environment, Thuy loi University, Dong Da District, Hanoi City 122300, Viet Nam
| | - Chinh Minh Hoang
- Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Ngo Xuan Quang Road, Gia Lam District, Hanoi City 122300, Viet Nam
| | - Bang Phi Cao
- Hung Vuong University, Phu Tho Province 35000, Viet Nam
| | - Anh Tuyen Cong Pham
- Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Ngo Xuan Quang Road, Gia Lam District, Hanoi City 122300, Viet Nam
| | - Bach Duc Nguyen
- Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Ngo Xuan Quang Road, Gia Lam District, Hanoi City 122300, Viet Nam
| | - Trung Quoc Nguyen
- Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Ngo Xuan Quang Road, Gia Lam District, Hanoi City 122300, Viet Nam
| | - Loc Van Nguyen
- Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Ngo Xuan Quang Road, Gia Lam District, Hanoi City 122300, Viet Nam
| | - Chien Van Ha
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Hien Thi Le
- Faculty of Agricultural Technology, University of Engineering and Technology, Vietnam National University Hanoi, Xuan Thuy Road, Cau Giay District, Hanoi City 122300, Viet Nam
| | - Ham Huy Le
- Faculty of Agricultural Technology, University of Engineering and Technology, Vietnam National University Hanoi, Xuan Thuy Road, Cau Giay District, Hanoi City 122300, Viet Nam; Agricultural Genetics Institute, Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Pham Van Dong Road, North Tu Liem District, Hanoi City 122300, Viet Nam
| | - Thao Duc Le
- Agricultural Genetics Institute, Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Pham Van Dong Road, North Tu Liem District, Hanoi City 122300, Viet Nam.
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang, Viet Nam.
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14
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House MA, Young LW, Robinson SJ, Booker HM. Transcriptomic Analysis of Early Flowering Signals in ‘Royal’ Flax. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11070860. [PMID: 35406840 PMCID: PMC9002848 DOI: 10.3390/plants11070860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Canada is one of the world’s leading producers and exporters of flax seed, with most production occurring in the Prairie Provinces. However, reduced season length and risk of frost restricts production in the northern grain belt of the Canadian Prairies. To expand the growing region of flax and increase production in Canada, flax breeders need to develop earlier-flowering varieties capable of avoiding the risk of abiotic stress. A thorough understanding of flowering control of flax is essential for the efficient breeding of such lines. We identified 722 putative flax flowering genes that span all major flowering-time pathways. Frequently, we found multiple flax homologues for a single Arabidopsis flowering gene. We used RNA sequencing to quantify the expression of genes in the shoot apical meristem (SAM) at 10, 15, 19, and 29 days after planting (dap) using the ‘Royal’ cultivar. We observed the expression of 80% of putative flax flowering genes and the differential expression of only 30%; these included homologues of major flowering regulators, such as SOC1, FUL, and AP1. We also found enrichment of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in transcription factor (TF) families involved in flowering. Finally, we identified the candidates’ novel flowering genes amongst the uncharacterized flax genes. Our transcriptomic dataset provides a useful resource for investigating the regulatory control of the transition to flowering in flax and for the breeding of northern-adapted varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A. House
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada; (M.A.H.); (L.W.Y.)
| | - Lester W. Young
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada; (M.A.H.); (L.W.Y.)
| | - Stephen J. Robinson
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2, Canada;
| | - Helen M. Booker
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada; (M.A.H.); (L.W.Y.)
- Department of Plant Agriculture, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-519-824-4120 (ext. 56829)
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15
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Verma SK, Mittal S, Gayacharan, Wankhede DP, Parida SK, Chattopadhyay D, Prasad G, Mishra DC, Joshi DC, Singh M, Singh K, Singh AK. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Key Pathways and Candidate Genes Controlling Seed Development and Size in Ricebean (Vigna umbellata). Front Genet 2022; 12:791355. [PMID: 35126460 PMCID: PMC8815620 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.791355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ricebean (Vigna umbellata) is a lesser known pulse with well-recognized potential. Recently, it has emerged as a legume with endowed nutritional potential because of high concentration of quality protein and other vital nutrients in its seeds. However, the genes and pathways involved in regulating seed development and size are not understood in this crop. In our study, we analyzed the transcriptome of two genotypes with contrasting grain size (IC426787: large seeded and IC552985: small seeded) at two different time points, namely, 5 and 10 days post-anthesis (DPA). The bold seeded genotype across the time points (B5_B10) revealed 6,928 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), whereas the small seeded genotype across the time point (S5_S10) contributed to 14,544 DEGs. We have also identified several candidate genes for seed development–related traits like seed size and 100-seed weight. On the basis of similarity search and domain analysis, some candidate genes (PHO1, cytokinin dehydrogenase, A-type cytokinin, and ARR response negative regulator) related to 100-seed weight and seed size showed downregulation in the small seeded genotype. The MapMan and KEGG analysis confirmed that auxin and cytokinin pathways varied in both the contrasting genotypes and can therefore be the regulators of the seed size and other seed development–related traits in ricebeans. A total of 51 genes encoding SCFTIR1/AFB, Aux/IAA, ARFs, E3 ubiquitin transferase enzyme, and 26S proteasome showing distinct expression dynamics in bold and small genotypes were also identified. We have also validated randomly selected SSR markers in eight accessions of the Vigna species (V. umbellata: 6; Vigna radiata: 1; and Vigna mungo: 1). Cross-species transferability pattern of ricebean–derived SSR markers was higher in V. radiata (73.08%) than V. mungo (50%). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first transcriptomic study conducted in this crop to understand the molecular basis of any trait. It would provide us a comprehensive understanding of the complex transcriptome dynamics during the seed development and gene regulatory mechanism of the seed size determination in ricebeans.
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16
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Satyavathi CT, Tomar RS, Ambawat S, Kheni J, Padhiyar SM, Desai H, Bhatt SB, Shitap MS, Meena RC, Singhal T, Sankar SM, Singh SP, Khandelwal V. Stage specific comparative transcriptomic analysis to reveal gene networks regulating iron and zinc content in pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]. Sci Rep 2022; 12:276. [PMID: 34997160 PMCID: PMC8742121 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04388-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pearl millet is an important staple food crop of poor people and excels all other cereals due to its unique features of resilience to adverse climatic conditions. It is rich in micronutrients like iron and zinc and amenable for focused breeding for these micronutrients along with high yield. Hence, this is a key to alleviate malnutrition and ensure nutritional security. This study was conducted to identify and validate candidate genes governing grain iron and zinc content enabling the desired modifications in the genotypes. Transcriptome sequencing using ION S5 Next Generation Sequencer generated 43.5 million sequence reads resulting in 83,721 transcripts with N50 of 597 bp and 84.35% of transcripts matched with the pearl millet genome assembly. The genotypes having high iron and zinc showed differential gene expression during different stages. Of which, 155 were up-regulated and 251 were down-regulated while during flowering stage and milking stage 349 and 378 transcripts were differentially expressed, respectively. Gene annotation and GO term showed the presence of transcripts involved in metabolic activities associated with uptake and transport of iron and zinc. Information generated will help in gaining insights into iron and zinc metabolism and develop genotypes with high yield, grain iron and zinc content.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tara Satyavathi
- ICAR-AICRP on Pearl Millet, Agriculture University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342 304, India.
| | - Rukam S Tomar
- Department of Biotechnology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, India
| | - Supriya Ambawat
- ICAR-AICRP on Pearl Millet, Agriculture University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342 304, India
| | - Jasminkumar Kheni
- Department of Biotechnology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, India
| | - Shital M Padhiyar
- Department of Biotechnology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, India
| | - Hiralben Desai
- Department of Biotechnology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, India
| | - S B Bhatt
- Department of Biotechnology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, India
| | - M S Shitap
- Department of Agricultural Statistics, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, India
| | - Ramesh Chand Meena
- ICAR-AICRP on Pearl Millet, Agriculture University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342 304, India
| | - Tripti Singhal
- Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, ICAR, New Delhi, India
| | - S Mukesh Sankar
- Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, ICAR, New Delhi, India
| | - S P Singh
- Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, ICAR, New Delhi, India
| | - Vikas Khandelwal
- ICAR-AICRP on Pearl Millet, Agriculture University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342 304, India
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17
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Adolfo LM, Rao X, Dixon RA. Identification of Pueraria spp. through DNA barcoding and comparative transcriptomics. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:10. [PMID: 34979934 PMCID: PMC8722073 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03383-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kudzu is a term used generically to describe members of the genus Pueraria. Kudzu roots have been used for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine in view of their high levels of beneficial isoflavones including the unique 8-C-glycoside of daidzein, puerarin. In the US, kudzu is seen as a noxious weed causing ecological and economic damage. However, not all kudzu species make puerarin or are equally invasive. Kudzu remains difficult to identify due to its diverse morphology and inconsistent nomenclature. RESULTS We have generated sequences for the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and maturase K (matK) regions of Pueraria montana lobata, P. montana montana, and P. phaseoloides, and identified two accessions previously used for differential analysis of puerarin biosynthesis as P. lobata and P. phaseoloides. Additionally, we have generated root transcriptomes for the puerarin-producing P. m. lobata and the non-puerarin producing P. phaseoloides. Within the transcriptomes, microsatellites were identified to aid in species identification as well as population diversity. CONCLUSIONS The barcode sequences generated will aid in fast and efficient identification of the three kudzu species. Additionally, the microsatellites identified from the transcriptomes will aid in genetic analysis. The root transcriptomes also provide a molecular toolkit for comparative gene expression analysis towards elucidation of the biosynthesis of kudzu phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laci M Adolfo
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX, 76203-5017, USA
| | - Xiaolan Rao
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430068, Hubei Province, China
| | - Richard A Dixon
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305220, Denton, TX, 76203-5017, USA.
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18
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Genomics Associated Interventions for Heat Stress Tolerance in Cool Season Adapted Grain Legumes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010399. [PMID: 35008831 PMCID: PMC8745526 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cool season grain legumes occupy an important place among the agricultural crops and essentially provide multiple benefits including food supply, nutrition security, soil fertility improvement and revenue for farmers all over the world. However, owing to climate change, the average temperature is steadily rising, which negatively affects crop performance and limits their yield. Terminal heat stress that mainly occurred during grain development phases severely harms grain quality and weight in legumes adapted to the cool season, such as lentils, faba beans, chickpeas, field peas, etc. Although, traditional breeding approaches with advanced screening procedures have been employed to identify heat tolerant legume cultivars. Unfortunately, traditional breeding pipelines alone are no longer enough to meet global demands. Genomics-assisted interventions including new-generation sequencing technologies and genotyping platforms have facilitated the development of high-resolution molecular maps, QTL/gene discovery and marker-assisted introgression, thereby improving the efficiency in legumes breeding to develop stress-resilient varieties. Based on the current scenario, we attempted to review the intervention of genomics to decipher different components of tolerance to heat stress and future possibilities of using newly developed genomics-based interventions in cool season adapted grain legumes.
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Bansal J, Gupta K, Rajkumar MS, Garg R, Jain M. Draft genome and transcriptome analyses of halophyte rice Oryza coarctata provide resources for salinity and submergence stress response factors. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:1309-1322. [PMID: 33215706 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Oryza coarctata is a wild relative of rice that has adapted to diverse ecological environments, including high salinity and submergence. Thus, it can provide an important resource for discovering candidate genes/factors involved in tolerance to these stresses. Here, we report a draft genome assembly of 573 Mb comprised of 8877 scaffolds with N50 length of 205 kb. We predicted a total of 50,562 protein-coding genes, of which a significant fraction was found to be involved in secondary metabolite biosynthesis and hormone signal transduction pathways. Several salinity and submergence stress-responsive protein-coding and long noncoding RNAs involved in diverse biological processes were identified using RNA-sequencing data. Based on small RNA sequencing, we identified 168 unique miRNAs and 3219 target transcripts (coding and noncoding) involved in several biological processes, including abiotic stress responses. Further, whole genome bisulphite sequencing data analysis revealed at least 19%-48% methylcytosines in different sequence contexts and the influence of methylation status on gene expression. The genome assembly along with other datasets have been made publicly available at http://ccbb.jnu.ac.in/ory-coar. Altogether, we provide a comprehensive genomic resource for understanding the regulation of salinity and submergence stress responses and identification of candidate genes/factors involved for functional genomics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhi Bansal
- School of Computational & Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Khushboo Gupta
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Noida, India
| | - Mohan Singh Rajkumar
- School of Computational & Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Rohini Garg
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Noida, India
| | - Mukesh Jain
- School of Computational & Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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20
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Tiwari M, Yadav M, Singh B, Pandey V, Nawaz K, Bhatia S. Evolutionary and functional analysis of two-component system in chickpea reveals CaRR13, a TypeB RR, as positive regulator of symbiosis. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:2415-2427. [PMID: 34146435 PMCID: PMC8633487 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The critical role of cytokinin in early nodulation in legumes is well known. In our study, exogenous cytokinin application to roots of the important crop legume, chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), led to the formation of pseudo-nodules even in the absence of rhizobia. Hence, a genome-wide analysis of the cytokinin signalling, two-component system (TCS) genes, was conducted in chickpea, Medicago and Cajanus cajan. The integrated phylogenetic, evolutionary and expression analysis of the TCS genes was carried out, which revealed that histidine kinases (HKs) were highly conserved, whereas there was diversification leading to neofunctionalization at the level of response regulators (RRs) especially the TypeB RRs. Further, the functional role of the CaHKs in nodulation was established by complementation of the sln1Δ mutant of yeast and cre1 mutants of (Medicago) which led to restoration of the nodule-deficient phenotype. Additionally, the highest expressing TypeB RR of chickpea, CaRR13, was functionally characterized. Its localization in the nucleus and its Y1H assay-based interaction with the promoter of the early nodulation gene CaNSP2 indicated its role as a transcription factor regulating early nodulation. Overexpression, RNAi lines and complementation of cre1 mutants with CaRR13 revealed its critical involvement as an important signalling molecule regulating early events of nodule organogenesis in chickpea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Tiwari
- National Institute of Plant Genome ResearchNew DelhiIndia
| | - Manisha Yadav
- National Institute of Plant Genome ResearchNew DelhiIndia
| | | | - Vimal Pandey
- National Institute of Plant Genome ResearchNew DelhiIndia
| | - Kashif Nawaz
- National Institute of Plant Genome ResearchNew DelhiIndia
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21
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Kumar N, Bharadwaj C, Sahu S, Shiv A, Shrivastava AK, Reddy SPP, Soren KR, Patil BS, Pal M, Soni A, Roorkiwal M, Varshney RK. Genome-wide identification and functional prediction of salt- stress related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.). PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:2605-2619. [PMID: 34916736 PMCID: PMC8639897 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-01093-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
LncRNAs (long noncoding RNAs) are 200 bp length crucial RNA molecules, lacking coding potential and having important roles in regulating gene expression, particularly in response to abiotic stresses. In this study, we identified salt stress-induced lncRNAs in chickpea roots and predicted their intricate regulatory roles. A total of 3452 novel lncRNAs were identified to be distributed across all 08 chickpea chromosomes. On comparing salt-tolerant (ICCV 10, JG 11) and salt-sensitive cultivars (DCP 92-3, Pusa 256), 4446 differentially expressed lncRNAs were detected under various salt treatments. We predicted 3373 lncRNAs to be regulating their target genes in cis regulating manner and 80 unique lncRNAs were observed as interacting with 136 different miRNAs, as eTMs (endogenous target mimic) targets of miRNAs and implicated them in the regulatory network of salt stress response. Functional analysis of these lncRNA revealed their association in targeting salt stress response-related genes like potassium transporter, transporter family genes, serine/threonine-protein kinase, aquaporins like TIP1-2, PIP2-5 and transcription factors like, AP2, NAC, bZIP, ERF, MYB and WRKY. Furthermore, about 614 lncRNA-SSRs (simple sequence repeats) were identified as a new generation of molecular markers with higher efficiency and specificity in chickpea. Overall, these findings will pave the understanding of comprehensive functional role of potential lncRNAs, which can help in providing insight into the molecular mechanism of salt tolerance in chickpea. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-021-01093-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Kumar
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi 110012 India
| | - Chellapilla Bharadwaj
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi 110012 India
| | - Sarika Sahu
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi 110012 India
| | - Aalok Shiv
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi 110012 India
- Present Address: ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, 226002 India
| | | | | | - Khela Ram Soren
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, 282 004 India
| | | | - Madan Pal
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi 110012 India
| | - Anjali Soni
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi 110012 India
| | - Manish Roorkiwal
- Centre of Excellence in Genomics, ICRISAT, Hyderabad, 502324 India
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Singh D, Chaudhary P, Taunk J, Singh CK, Singh D, Tomar RSS, Aski M, Konjengbam NS, Raje RS, Singh S, Sengar RS, Yadav RK, Pal M. Fab Advances in Fabaceae for Abiotic Stress Resilience: From 'Omics' to Artificial Intelligence. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10535. [PMID: 34638885 PMCID: PMC8509049 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Legumes are a better source of proteins and are richer in diverse micronutrients over the nutritional profile of widely consumed cereals. However, when exposed to a diverse range of abiotic stresses, their overall productivity and quality are hugely impacted. Our limited understanding of genetic determinants and novel variants associated with the abiotic stress response in food legume crops restricts its amelioration. Therefore, it is imperative to understand different molecular approaches in food legume crops that can be utilized in crop improvement programs to minimize the economic loss. 'Omics'-based molecular breeding provides better opportunities over conventional breeding for diversifying the natural germplasm together with improving yield and quality parameters. Due to molecular advancements, the technique is now equipped with novel 'omics' approaches such as ionomics, epigenomics, fluxomics, RNomics, glycomics, glycoproteomics, phosphoproteomics, lipidomics, regulomics, and secretomics. Pan-omics-which utilizes the molecular bases of the stress response to identify genes (genomics), mRNAs (transcriptomics), proteins (proteomics), and biomolecules (metabolomics) associated with stress regulation-has been widely used for abiotic stress amelioration in food legume crops. Integration of pan-omics with novel omics approaches will fast-track legume breeding programs. Moreover, artificial intelligence (AI)-based algorithms can be utilized for simulating crop yield under changing environments, which can help in predicting the genetic gain beforehand. Application of machine learning (ML) in quantitative trait loci (QTL) mining will further help in determining the genetic determinants of abiotic stress tolerance in pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Singh
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Priya Chaudhary
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Jyoti Taunk
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Chandan Kumar Singh
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Deepti Singh
- Department of Botany, Meerut College, Meerut 250001, India
| | - Ram Sewak Singh Tomar
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi 284003, India
| | - Muraleedhar Aski
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Noren Singh Konjengbam
- College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Central Agricultural University, Imphal 793103, India
| | - Ranjeet Sharan Raje
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Sanjay Singh
- ICAR- National Institute of Plant Biotechnology, LBS Centre, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Rakesh Singh Sengar
- College of Biotechnology, Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel Agricultural University, Meerut 250001, India
| | - Rajendra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur 208002, India
| | - Madan Pal
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
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Systematic Identification and Validation of Housekeeping and Tissue-Specific Genes in Allotetraploid Chenopodium quinoa. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7080235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Quinoa is a gluten-free food crop that contains all the essential amino acids and vitamins. The selection of proper housekeeping and tissue-specific genes is the crucial prerequisite for gene expression analysis using the common approach, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). In this study, we identified 40 novel candidate housekeeping genes by the minimum transcript per million (TPM), coefficient of variation (CV) and maximum fold change (MFC) methods and 19 candidate tissue-specific genes by the co-expression network method based on an RNA-seq dataset that included 53 stem, leaf, flower and seed samples, as well as additional shoot and root samples under different stresses. The expression stability of 12 housekeeping and tissue-specific genes, as well as that of another two traditionally used housekeeping genes, was further evaluated using qPCR and ranked using NormFinder, BestKeeper and the comparative delta-Ct method. The results demonstrated that MIF, RGGA, VATE and UBA2B were ranked as the top four most stable candidate housekeeping genes. qPCR analysis also revealed three leaf-specific genes and five root-specific genes, but no stem-specific gene was identified. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis identified that housekeeping genes were mainly enriched in the small molecule metabolic process, organonitrogen compound metabolic process, NAD binding and ligase activity. In addition, tissue-specific genes are closely associated with the major functions of a specific tissue. Specifically, GO terms “photosynthesis” and “thylakoid” were most significantly overrepresented in candidate leaf-specific genes. The novel housekeeping and tissue-specific genes in our study will enable better normalization and quantification of transcript levels in quinoa.
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Ma R, Chen J, Huang B, Huang Z, Zhang Z. The BBX gene family in Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis): identification, characterization and expression profiles. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:533. [PMID: 34256690 PMCID: PMC8276415 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07821-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The BBX (B-box) family are zinc finger protein (ZFP) transcription factors that play an essential role in plant growth, development and response to abiotic stresses. Although BBX genes have been characterized in many model organisms, genome-wide identification of the BBX family genes have not yet been reported in Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis), and the biological functions of this family remain unknown. RESULT In the present study, we identified 27 BBX genes in the genome of Moso bamboo, and analysis of their conserved motifs and multiple sequence alignments revealed that they all shared highly similar structures. Additionally, phylogenetic and homology analyses indicated that PeBBX genes were divided into three clusters, with whole-genome duplication (WGD) events having facilitated the expansion of this gene family. Light-responsive and stress-related cis-elements were identified by analyzing cis-elements in the promoters of all PeBBX genes. Short time-series expression miner (STEM) analysis revealed that the PeBBX genes had spatiotemporal-specific expression patterns and were likely involved in the growth and development of bamboo shoots. We further explored the downstream target genes of PeBBXs, and GO/KEGG enrichment analysis predicted multiple functions of BBX target genes, including those encoding enzymes involved in plant photosynthesis, pyruvate metabolism and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we analyzed the PeBBX genes at multiple different levels, which will contribute to further studies of the BBX family and provide valuable information for the functional validation of this family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Forest Cultivation, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang, 311300, Hangzhou, China
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang, 311300, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jialu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Forest Cultivation, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang, 311300, Hangzhou, China
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang, 311300, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Forest Cultivation, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang, 311300, Hangzhou, China
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang, 311300, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhinuo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Forest Cultivation, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang, 311300, Hangzhou, China
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang, 311300, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Forest Cultivation, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang, 311300, Hangzhou, China.
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang, 311300, Hangzhou, China.
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He Z, Su Y, Wang T. Full-Length Transcriptome Analysis of Four Different Tissues of Cephalotaxus oliveri. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020787. [PMID: 33466772 PMCID: PMC7830723 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cephalotaxus oliveri is a tertiary relict conifer endemic to China, regarded as a national second-level protected plant in China. This species has experienced severe changes in temperature and precipitation in the past millions of years, adapting well to harsh environments. In view of global climate change and its endangered conditions, it is crucial to study how it responds to changes in temperature and precipitation for its conservation work. In this study, single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing and Illumina RNA sequencing were combined to generate the complete transcriptome of C. oliveri. Using the RNA-seq data to correct the SMRT sequencing data, the four tissues obtained 63,831 (root), 58,108 (stem), 33,013 (leaf) and 62,436 (male cone) full-length unigenes, with a N50 length of 2523, 3480, 3181, and 3267 bp, respectively. Additionally, 35,887, 11,306, 36,422, and 25,439 SSRs were detected for the male cone, leaf, root, and stem, respectively. The number of long non-coding RNAs predicted from the root was the largest (11,113), and the other tissues were 3408 (stem), 3193 (leaf), and 3107 (male cone), respectively. Functional annotation and enrichment analysis of tissue-specific expressed genes revealed the special roles in response to environmental stress and adaptability in the different four tissues. We also characterized the gene families and pathways related to abiotic factors. This work provides a comprehensive transcriptome resource for C. oliveri, and this resource will facilitate further studies on the functional genomics and adaptive evolution of C. oliveri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqing He
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;
| | - Yingjuan Su
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;
- Research Institute of Sun Yat-sen University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Correspondence: (Y.S.); (T.W.); Tel.: +86-020-84111939 (Y.S.); +86-020-85280185 (T.W.)
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (Y.S.); (T.W.); Tel.: +86-020-84111939 (Y.S.); +86-020-85280185 (T.W.)
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Kumar S, Ayachit G, Sahoo L. Screening of mungbean for drought tolerance and transcriptome profiling between drought-tolerant and susceptible genotype in response to drought stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 157:229-238. [PMID: 33129069 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mungbean, is a widely cultivated pulse crop in India, experiences severe drought stress during the cultivation period. The mechanism of drought tolerance in mungbean is not well understood. In this presents study we screened 7 widely cultivated mungbean genotypes towards their drought sensitivity at seedling stage and transcriptome sequencing of drought-tolerant and susceptible genotype to understand the drought tolerance mechanism. Our physiological data such as increase in root length, shoot length, fresh weight, dry weight, relative water content (RWC), proline content, MDA content and molecular data in terms of quantitative expression of drought stress responsive genes under 3-d drought stress in mungbean suggests that, K851 seems to be most drought tolerant and PDM-139 as drought susceptible genotype. The transcriptomic study between K-851 and PDM-139 revealed 22,882 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) which were identified under drought stress, and they were mainly mapped to phytohormone signal transduction, carbon metabolism and flavonoid biosynthesis. Out of these, 10,235 genes were up-regulated and 12,647 genes were down-regulated. Furthermore, we found that, the DEGs related to, phytohormone signal transduction, carbon metabolism and flavonoid biosynthesis and they were more induced in K-851. Our data suggested that, the drought tolerant genotype K-851, scavenges the damage of drought stress by producing more amount of osmolytes, ROS scavengers and sugar biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahai, Guwahati, 781039, India.
| | - Garima Ayachit
- Department of Botany, Bioinformatics and Climate Change, Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380009, India
| | - Lingaraj Sahoo
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahai, Guwahati, 781039, India.
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Khandal H, Gupta SK, Dwivedi V, Mandal D, Sharma NK, Vishwakarma NK, Pal L, Choudhary M, Francis A, Malakar P, Singh NP, Sharma K, Sinharoy S, Singh NP, Sharma R, Chattopadhyay D. Root-specific expression of chickpea cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase 6 leads to enhanced root growth, drought tolerance and yield without compromising nodulation. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:2225-2240. [PMID: 32181964 PMCID: PMC7589355 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinin group of phytohormones regulate root elongation and branching during post-embryonic development. Cytokinin-degrading enzymes cytokinin oxidases/dehydrogenases (CKXs) have been deployed to investigate biological activities of cytokinin and to engineer root growth. We expressed chickpea cytokinin oxidase 6 (CaCKX6) under the control of a chickpea root-specific promoter of CaWRKY31 in Arabidopsis thaliana and chickpea having determinate and indeterminate growth patterns, respectively, to study the effect of cytokinin depletion on root growth and drought tolerance. Root-specific expression of CaCKX6 led to a significant increase in lateral root number and root biomass in Arabidopsis and chickpea without any penalty to vegetative and reproductive growth of shoot. Transgenic chickpea lines showed increased CKX activity in root. Soil-grown advanced chickpea transgenic lines exhibited higher root-to-shoot biomass ratio and enhanced long-term drought tolerance. These chickpea lines were not compromised in root nodulation and nitrogen fixation. The seed yield in some lines was up to 25% higher with no penalty in protein content. Transgenic chickpea seeds possessed higher levels of zinc, iron, potassium and copper. Our results demonstrated the potential of cytokinin level manipulation in increasing lateral root number and root biomass for agronomic trait improvement in an edible legume crop with indeterminate growth habit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vikas Dwivedi
- National Institute of Plant Genome ResearchNew DelhiIndia
| | - Drishti Mandal
- National Institute of Plant Genome ResearchNew DelhiIndia
| | | | | | - Lalita Pal
- National Institute of Plant Genome ResearchNew DelhiIndia
| | | | - Aleena Francis
- National Institute of Plant Genome ResearchNew DelhiIndia
| | - Paheli Malakar
- National Institute of Plant Genome ResearchNew DelhiIndia
| | | | - Kapil Sharma
- Repository of Tomato Genomics ResourcesDepartment of Plant SciencesUniversity of HyderabadHyderabadIndia
| | | | | | - Rameshwar Sharma
- Repository of Tomato Genomics ResourcesDepartment of Plant SciencesUniversity of HyderabadHyderabadIndia
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Sweetman C, Miller TK, Booth NJ, Shavrukov Y, Jenkins CL, Soole KL, Day DA. Identification of Alternative Mitochondrial Electron Transport Pathway Components in Chickpea Indicates a Differential Response to Salinity Stress between Cultivars. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3844. [PMID: 32481694 PMCID: PMC7312301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
All plants contain an alternative electron transport pathway (AP) in their mitochondria, consisting of the alternative oxidase (AOX) and type 2 NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (ND) families, that are thought to play a role in controlling oxidative stress responses at the cellular level. These alternative electron transport components have been extensively studied in plants like Arabidopsis and stress inducible isoforms identified, but we know very little about them in the important crop plant chickpea. Here we identify AP components in chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and explore their response to stress at the transcript level. Based on sequence similarity with the functionally characterized proteins of Arabidopsis thaliana, five putative internal (matrix)-facing NAD(P)H dehydrogenases (CaNDA1-4 and CaNDC1) and four putative external (inter-membrane space)-facing NAD(P)H dehydrogenases (CaNDB1-4) were identified in chickpea. The corresponding activities were demonstrated for the first time in purified mitochondria of chickpea leaves and roots. Oxidation of matrix NADH generated from malate or glycine in the presence of the Complex I inhibitor rotenone was high compared to other plant species, as was oxidation of exogenous NAD(P)H. In leaf mitochondria, external NADH oxidation was stimulated by exogenous calcium and external NADPH oxidation was essentially calcium dependent. However, in roots these activities were low and largely calcium independent. A salinity experiment with six chickpea cultivars was used to identify salt-responsive alternative oxidase and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase gene transcripts in leaves from a three-point time series. An analysis of the Na:K ratio and Na content separated these cultivars into high and low Na accumulators. In the high Na accumulators, there was a significant up-regulation of CaAOX1, CaNDB2, CaNDB4, CaNDA3 and CaNDC1 in leaf tissue under long term stress, suggesting the formation of a stress-modified form of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (mETC) in leaves of these cultivars. In particular, stress-induced expression of the CaNDB2 gene showed a striking positive correlation with that of CaAOX1 across all genotypes and time points. The coordinated salinity-induced up-regulation of CaAOX1 and CaNDB2 suggests that the mitochondrial alternative pathway of respiration is an important facet of the stress response in chickpea, in high Na accumulators in particular, despite high capacities for both of these activities in leaf mitochondria of non-stressed chickpeas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Sweetman
- College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 5100, Adelaide SA 5001, Australia; (T.K.M.); (N.J.B.); (Y.S.); (C.L.D.J.); (K.L.S.); (D.A.D.)
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Ahmad B, Azeem F, Ali MA, Nawaz MA, Nadeem H, Abbas A, Batool R, Atif RM, Ijaz U, Nieves-Cordones M, Chung G. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of two component system genes in Cicer arietinum. Genomics 2020; 112:1371-1383. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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30
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Ghangal R, Singh VK, Khemka NK, Rajkumar MS, Garg R, Jain M. Updates on Genomic Resources in Chickpea for Crop Improvement. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2107:19-33. [PMID: 31893441 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0235-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, rapid advancement has been done in generation of genomic resources for the important legume crop chickpea. Here, we provide an update on important advancements made on availability of genomic resources for this crop. The availability of reference genome and transcriptome sequences, and resequencing of several accessions have enabled the discovery of gene space and molecular markers in chickpea. These resources have helped in elucidating evolutionary relationship and identification of quantitative trait loci for important agronomic traits. Gene expression in different tissues/organs during development and under abiotic/biotic stresses has been interrogated. In addition, single-base resolution DNA methylation patterns in different organs have been analyzed to understand gene regulation. Overall, we provide a consolidated overview of available genomic resources of chickpea that may help in fulfilling the promises for improvement of this important crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Ghangal
- School of Computational & Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Vikash K Singh
- School of Computational & Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Niraj K Khemka
- School of Computational & Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohan Singh Rajkumar
- School of Computational & Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Rohini Garg
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mukesh Jain
- School of Computational & Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
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Afzal M, Alghamdi SS, Migdadi HH, Khan MA, Nurmansyah, Mirza SB, El-Harty E. Legume genomics and transcriptomics: From classic breeding to modern technologies. Saudi J Biol Sci 2019; 27:543-555. [PMID: 31889880 PMCID: PMC6933173 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Legumes are essential and play a significant role in maintaining food standards and augmenting physiochemical soil properties through the biological nitrogen fixation process. Biotic and abiotic factors are the main factors limiting legume production. Classical breeding methodologies have been explored extensively about the problem of truncated yield in legumes but have not succeeded at the desired rate. Conventional breeding improved legume genotypes but with more resources and time. Recently, the invention of next-generation sequencing (NGS) and high-throughput methods for genotyping have opened new avenues for research and developments in legume studies. During the last decade, genome sequencing for many legume crops documented. Sequencing and re-sequencing of important legume species have made structural variation and functional genomics conceivable. NGS and other molecular techniques such as the development of markers; genotyping; high density genetic linkage maps; quantitative trait loci (QTLs) identification, expressed sequence tags (ESTs), single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs); and transcription factors incorporated into existing breeding technologies have made possible the accurate and accelerated delivery of information for researchers. The application of genome sequencing, RNA sequencing (transcriptome sequencing), and DNA sequencing (re-sequencing) provide considerable insights for legume development and improvement programs. Moreover, RNA-Seq helps to characterize genes, including differentially expressed genes, and can be applied for functional genomics studies, especially when there is limited information available for the studied genomes. Genome-based crop development studies and the availability of genomics data as well as decision-making gears look be specific for breeding programs. This review mainly presents an overview of the path from classical breeding to new emerging genomics tools, which will trigger and accelerate genomics-assisted breeding for recognition of novel genes for yield and quality characters for sustainable legume crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salem S Alghamdi
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussein H Migdadi
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Altaf Khan
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nurmansyah
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaher Bano Mirza
- Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University (BAU), Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ehab El-Harty
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Vasantrao JM, Baruah IK, Panda D, Bhattacharjee M, Acharjee S, Sarmah BK. Transcript profiling of chickpea pod wall revealed the expression of floral homeotic gene AGAMOUS-like X2 (CaAGLX2). Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:5713-5722. [PMID: 31463640 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The differentially expressed genes in the chickpea pod wall have been identified for the first time using a forward suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) library. In all, 226 clones of SSH library were sequenced and analyzed. A total of 179 high-quality expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were generated and based on the CAP3 assembly of these ESTs, 126 genes (97 singletons and 29 contigs) were computationally annotated. The mapping of 88.26% ESTs by gene ontology (GO) annotation distributed them into 751 GO terms of three categories, cellular location, molecular function, and biological process. The KEGG pathway analysis revealed 45 ESTs are involved in 49 different biological pathways. Also, 67 ESTs encodes four different classes of enzymes such as oxidoreductases (29), transferase (20), hydrolases (16) and isomerase (2). Six genes were selected and subjected to qPCR analysis, of these, two genes (FHG Floral homeotic AGAMOUS-like isoform X2, MADS1 MADS-box transcription factor) showed significant up-regulation in the pod wall compared to leaves. Surprisingly, one of the MADS1 box gene, FHG (CaAGLX2), responsible for flower development expressed in the pod wall. Therefore, understanding its specific role in the pod wall could be interesting. Thus, the transcript dynamics of the chickpea pod wall revealed differentially expressed genes in the pod wall, which may be participating in the metabolic build-up of both pod wall and seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagadale Mahesh Vasantrao
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, 785013, India
- Office of the ICAR-National Professor (Norman Borlaug Chair), and DBT-AAU Centre, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, 785013, India
| | - Indrani K Baruah
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, 785013, India
- Office of the ICAR-National Professor (Norman Borlaug Chair), and DBT-AAU Centre, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, 785013, India
| | - Debashis Panda
- Distributed Information Centre, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, 785013, India
| | - Mamta Bhattacharjee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, 785013, India
- Office of the ICAR-National Professor (Norman Borlaug Chair), and DBT-AAU Centre, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, 785013, India
- Distributed Information Centre, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, 785013, India
| | - Sumita Acharjee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, 785013, India.
- Office of the ICAR-National Professor (Norman Borlaug Chair), and DBT-AAU Centre, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, 785013, India.
| | - Bidyut K Sarmah
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, 785013, India.
- Office of the ICAR-National Professor (Norman Borlaug Chair), and DBT-AAU Centre, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, 785013, India.
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Raizada A, Souframanien J. Transcriptome sequencing, de novo assembly, characterisation of wild accession of blackgram (Vigna mungo var. silvestris) as a rich resource for development of molecular markers and validation of SNPs by high resolution melting (HRM) analysis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:358. [PMID: 31419947 PMCID: PMC6697964 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1954-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper], is an important legume crop of Asia with limited genomic resources. We report a comprehensive set of genic simple sequence repeat (SSR) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) markers using Illumina MiSeq sequencing of transcriptome and its application in genetic variation analysis and mapping. RESULTS Transcriptome sequencing of immature seeds of wild blackgram, V. mungo var. silvestris by Illumina MiSeq technology generated 1.9 × 107 reads, which were assembled into 40,178 transcripts (TCS) with an average length of 446 bp covering 2.97 GB of the genome. A total of 38,753 CDS (Coding sequences) were predicted from 40,178 TCS and 28,984 CDS were annotated through BLASTX and mapped to GO and KEGG database resulting in 140 unique pathways. The tri-nucleotides were most abundant (39.9%) followed by di-nucleotide (30.2%). About 60.3 and 37.6% of SSR motifs were present in the coding sequences (CDS) and untranslated regions (UTRs) respectively. Among SNPs, the most abundant substitution type were transitions (Ts) (61%) followed by transversions (Tv) type (39%), with a Ts/Tv ratio of 1.58. A total of 2306 DEGs were identified by RNA Seq between wild and cultivar and validation was done by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. In this study, we genotyped SNPs with a validation rate of 78.87% by High Resolution Melting (HRM) Assay. CONCLUSION In the present study, 1621genic-SSR and 1844 SNP markers were developed from immature seed transcriptome sequence of blackgram and 31 genic-SSR markers were used to study genetic variations among different blackgram accessions. Above developed markers contribute towards enriching available genomic resources for blackgram and aid in breeding programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avi Raizada
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, BARC, Trombay, Mumbai, Trombay, 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, Anushakti Nagar, 400094, India
| | - J Souframanien
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, BARC, Trombay, Mumbai, Trombay, 400085, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, Anushakti Nagar, 400094, India.
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Malik K, Ahmad M, Zafar M, Ullah R, Mahmood HM, Parveen B, Rashid N, Sultana S, Shah SN, Lubna. An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used to treat skin diseases in northern Pakistan. Altern Ther Health Med 2019; 19:210. [PMID: 31409400 PMCID: PMC6693210 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2605-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Skin diseases are a major health concern especially in association with human immune deficiency syndrome and acquired an immune deficiency. The aim of this study was to document the ethnomedicinal information of plants used to treat skin diseases in Northern Pakistan. This is the first quantitative ethnobotanical study of therapeutic herbs utilized by the indigenous people of Northern Pakistan for skin diseases. Methods Interviews were taken to obtain information from 180 participants. Quantitative methods including fidelity level (FL), Frequency of citation (FC), Use-value (UV), Jaccard indices (JI), Family importance value (FIV), Relative frequency of citation (RFC) and Chi-square test were applied. Medicinal plants uses are also compared with 50 national and international publications. Results In this study, we recorded 106 plant species belonged to 56 floral families for treatment of skin ailments. The dominant life form reported was herb while the preferred method of utilization was powder, along with leaf as the most used plant part. RFC ranges from 0.07 to 0.25% whereas the highest FIV was recorded for family Pteridaceae. FL values range from 36.8 to 100%. The study reported 88% of new plant reports for the treatment of skin diseases. Conclusion The present study revealed the importance of several plants used to treat skin diseases by the local communities of Northern Pakistan. The available literature supported the evidence of plant dermatological properties. Plants having high UV and RFC can be considered for further scientific analysis. There is dire need to create awareness among local, government and scientific communities for the preservation of medicinal species and ethnomedicinal knowledge in Northern Pakistan. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-019-2605-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Ma Q, Bu D, Zhang J, Wu Y, Pei D. The Transcriptome Landscape of Walnut Interspecies Hybrid ( Juglans hindsii × Juglans regia) and Regulation of Cambial Activity in Relation to Grafting. Front Genet 2019; 10:577. [PMID: 31293615 PMCID: PMC6598599 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Walnuts (Juglans, Juglandaceae) are known throughout the world as economically important trees that provide fat, protein, vitamins, and minerals as a food source, and produce high-quality timber. We have amended the purpose section to say "However," the omics resources are limited, which hampered the elucidation of molecular mechanisms resulting in their economically important traits (such as yield, fertility alternation, oil synthesis, and wood formation). To enrich the omics database of walnut, there is great need for analyses of its genomic and transcriptomic characteristics. In this study, we reported for the first time of the transcriptome landscape of six important organs or tissues in walnut interspecies hybrid using next-generation sequencing technology. Over 338 million clean reads were obtained. This yielded 74,072 unigenes with an average length of 782.71 bp. To develop an understanding of gene functions and regulatory pathways, 66,355 of the unigenes were identified as homologs of annotated genes and classified into three general categories with 61 functional subcategories. 2,288 out of 2,549 unmapped unigenes had at least one BLAST hit against the public databases. A total of 1,237 transcription factor-encoding genes (TFs) and 2,297 tissue-specific unigenes were identified. Interestingly, in the new shoot between an adult seedling and a grafted tree, the expression of 9,494 unigenes were significantly different, among which 4,388 were up-regulated and 5,106 were down-regulated. Of these, 195, 177, 232, 75, 114, and 68 unigenes were related to transcription factors, cell wall, defense response, transport, plant hormone biosynthesis, and other cambial activity-related functions, respectively. The obtained sequences and putative functional data constitute a resource for future functional analyses in walnut and other woody plants. These findings will be useful in further studies addressing the molecular mechanisms underlying grafting-related cambial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingguo Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Dechao Bu
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Advanced Computing Research Laboratory, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junpei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Advanced Computing Research Laboratory, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
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Saini R, Kumar S. Genome-wide identification, characterization and in-silico profiling of genes encoding FAD (fatty acid desaturase) proteins in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2019.100180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Transcriptome profiling of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) drought-tolerant variety hassawi-2 under drought stress using RNA sequencing. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Sweetman C, Soole KL, Jenkins CLD, Day DA. Genomic structure and expression of alternative oxidase genes in legumes. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:71-84. [PMID: 29424926 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria isolated from chickpea (Cicer arietinum) possess substantial alternative oxidase (AOX) activity, even in non-stressed plants, and one or two AOX protein bands were detected immunologically, depending on the organ. Four different AOX isoforms were identified in the chickpea genome: CaAOX1 and CaAOX2A, B and D. CaAOX2A was the most highly expressed form and was strongly expressed in photosynthetic tissues, whereas CaAOX2D was found in all organs examined. These results are very similar to those of previous studies with soybean and siratro. Searches of available databases showed that this pattern of AOX genes and their expression was common to at least 16 different legume species. The evolution of the legume AOX gene family is discussed, as is the in vivo impact of an inherently high AOX capacity in legumes on growth and responses to environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Sweetman
- Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Research Hub, Legumes for Sustainable Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, GPO Box 2001, Australia
| | - Kathleen L Soole
- Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Research Hub, Legumes for Sustainable Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, GPO Box 2001, Australia
| | - Colin L D Jenkins
- Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Research Hub, Legumes for Sustainable Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, GPO Box 2001, Australia
| | - David A Day
- Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Research Hub, Legumes for Sustainable Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, GPO Box 2001, Australia
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Analysis of genes encoding seed storage proteins (SSPs) in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) reveals co-expressing transcription factors and a seed-specific promoter. Funct Integr Genomics 2018; 19:373-390. [PMID: 30560463 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-018-0650-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Improvement of the quality and quantity of chickpea seed protein can be greatly facilitated by an understanding of the genic organization and the genetic architecture of the genes encoding seed storage proteins (SSPs). The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive analysis of the chickpea SSP genes, putative co-expressing transcription factors (TFs), and to identify a seed-specific SSP gene promoter. A genome-wide identification of SSP genes in chickpea led to the identification of 21 non-redundant SSP encoding genes located on 6 chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis grouped SSP genes into 3 subgroups where members within the same clade demonstrated similar motif composition and intron-exon organization. Tandem duplications were identified to be the major contributors to the expansion of the SSP gene family in chickpea. Co-expression analysis revealed 14 TFs having expression profiles similar to the SSP genes that included members of important TF families that are known to regulate seed development. Expression analysis of SSP genes and TFs revealed significantly higher expression in late stages of seed development as well as in high seed protein content (HPC) genotypes. In silico analysis of the promoter regions of the SSP encoding genes revealed several seed-specific cis-regulatory elements such as RY repeats, ACGT motifs, CAANTG, and GCN4. A candidate promoter was analyzed for seed specificity by generating stable transgenics in Arabidopsis. Overall, this study provides a useful resource to explore the regulatory networks involved in SSP synthesis and/or accumulation for utilization in developing nutritionally improved chickpea genotypes.
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Chu HD, Nguyen KH, Watanabe Y, Le DT, Pham TLT, Mochida K, Tran LSP. Identification, Structural Characterization and Gene Expression Analysis of Members of the Nuclear Factor-Y Family in Chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.) under Dehydration and Abscisic Acid Treatments. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113290. [PMID: 30360493 PMCID: PMC6275023 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In plants, the Nuclear Factor-Y (NF-Y) transcription factors (TFs), which include three distinct types of NF-YA, NF-YB, and NF-YC TFs, have been identified to play key roles in the regulation of various plant growth and developmental processes under both normal and environmental stress conditions. In this work, a total of 40 CaNF-Y-encoding genes, including eight CaNF-YAs, 21 CaNF-YBs, and 11 CaNF-YCs, were identified in chickpea, and their major gene and protein characteristics were subsequently obtained using various web-based tools. Of our interest, a phylogenetically-based analysis predicted 18 CaNF-Ys (eight CaNF-YAs, seven CaNF-YBs, and three CaNF-YCs) that potentially play roles in chickpea responses to dehydration according to their close relationship with the well-characterized GmNF-Ys in soybean. These results were in good agreement with the enrichment of drought-responsive cis-regulatory motifs and expression patterns obtained from in silico analyses using publically available transcriptome data. Most of the phylogenetically predicted drought-responsive CaNF-Y genes (15 of 18) were quantitatively validated to significantly respond to dehydration treatment in leaves and/or roots, further supporting the results of in silico analyses. Among these CaNF-Y genes, the transcript levels of CaNF-YA01 and CaNF-YC10 were the most highly accumulated in leaves (by approximately eight-fold) and roots (by approximately 18-fold), respectively, by dehydration. Furthermore, 12 of the 18 CaNF-Y genes were found to be responsive to the most well-known stress hormone, namely abscisic acid (ABA), in leaves and/or roots, suggesting that these genes may act in chickpea response to dehydration in ABA-dependent manner. Taken together, our study has provided a comprehensive and fundamental information for further functional analyses of selected CaNF-Y candidate genes, ultimately leading to the improvement of chickpea growth under water-limited conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Duc Chu
- Agricultural Genetics Institute, Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Pham Van Dong Road, North Tu Liem District, Hanoi City 122300, Vietnam.
| | - Kien Huu Nguyen
- Agricultural Genetics Institute, Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Pham Van Dong Road, North Tu Liem District, Hanoi City 122300, Vietnam.
- Plant Stress Research Group & Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
- Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
| | - Yasuko Watanabe
- Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
| | - Dung Tien Le
- Agricultural Genetics Institute, Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Pham Van Dong Road, North Tu Liem District, Hanoi City 122300, Vietnam.
| | - Thu Ly Thi Pham
- Agricultural Genetics Institute, Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Pham Van Dong Road, North Tu Liem District, Hanoi City 122300, Vietnam.
| | - Keiichi Mochida
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
- Microalgae Production Control Technology Laboratory, RIKEN Baton Zone Program, RIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, 2-20-1 Chuo, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan.
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, 641-12 Maioka-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 244-0813, Japan.
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Plant Stress Research Group & Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
- Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
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Mishra AK, Duraisamy GS, Khare M, Kocábek T, Jakse J, Bříza J, Patzak J, Sano T, Matoušek J. Genome-wide transcriptome profiling of transgenic hop (Humulus lupulus L.) constitutively overexpressing HlWRKY1 and HlWDR1 transcription factors. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:739. [PMID: 30305019 PMCID: PMC6180420 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5125-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The hop plant (Humulus lupulus L.) is a valuable source of several secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids, bitter acids, and essential oils. These compounds are widely implicated in the beer brewing industry and are having potential biomedical applications. Several independent breeding programs around the world have been initiated to develop new cultivars with enriched lupulin and secondary metabolite contents but met with limited success due to several constraints. In the present work, a pioneering attempt has been made to overexpress master regulator binary transcription factor complex formed by HlWRKY1 and HlWDR1 using a plant expression vector to enhance the level of prenylflavonoid and bitter acid content in the hop. Subsequently, we performed transcriptional profiling using high-throughput RNA-Seq technology in leaves of resultant transformants and wild-type hop to gain in-depth information about the genome-wide functional changes induced by HlWRKY1 and HlWDR1 overexpression. Results The transgenic WW-lines exhibited an elevated expression of structural and regulatory genes involved in prenylflavonoid and bitter acid biosynthesis pathways. In addition, the comparative transcriptome analysis revealed a total of 522 transcripts involved in 30 pathways, including lipids and amino acids biosynthesis, primary carbon metabolism, phytohormone signaling and stress responses were differentially expressed in WW-transformants. It was apparent from the whole transcriptome sequencing that modulation of primary carbon metabolism and other pathways by HlWRKY1 and HlWDR1 overexpression resulted in enhanced substrate flux towards secondary metabolites pathway. The detailed analyses suggested that none of the pathways or genes, which have a detrimental effect on physiology, growth and development processes, were induced on a genome-wide scale in WW-transgenic lines. Conclusions Taken together, our results suggest that HlWRKY1 and HlWDR1 simultaneous overexpression positively regulates the prenylflavonoid and bitter acid biosynthesis pathways in the hop and thus these transgenes are presented as prospective candidates for achieving enhanced secondary metabolite content in the hop. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5125-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar Mishra
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Genetics, Branišovská 31, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Ganesh Selvaraj Duraisamy
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Genetics, Branišovská 31, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Mudra Khare
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Genetics, Branišovská 31, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kocábek
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Genetics, Branišovská 31, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jernej Jakse
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jindřich Bříza
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Genetics, Branišovská 31, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Patzak
- Hop Research Institute, Co. Ltd., Kadaňská 2525, 43846, Žatec, Czech Republic
| | - Teruo Sano
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Department of Applied Biosciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8561, Japan
| | - Jaroslav Matoušek
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Genetics, Branišovská 31, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
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In silico prediction of active site and in vitro DNase and RNase activities of Helicoverpa-inducible pathogenesis related-4 protein from Cicer arietinum. Int J Biol Macromol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Tiwari B, Kalim S, Tyagi N, Kumari R, Bangar P, Barman P, Kumar S, Gaikwad A, Bhat KV. Identification of genes associated with stress tolerance in moth bean [ Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq.) Marechal], a stress hardy crop. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 24:551-561. [PMID: 30042612 PMCID: PMC6041239 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-018-0525-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Moth bean is the most drought and heat tolerant cultigens among Asian Vigna. We performed comparative transcriptome analysis of moth bean cultivar "Marumoth" under control and stress condition. De novo transcriptome assembly was carried out by using Velvet followed by Oases softwares. Differential expression analyses, SSR identification and validation and mapping of pathways and transcription factors were conducted. A total of 179,979 and 201,888 reads were generated on Roche 454 platform and 48,617,205 and 45,449,053 reads were generated on ABI Solid platform for the control and stressed samples. Combined assembly from Roche and ABI Solid platforms generated 16,090 and 15,096 transcripts for control and stressed samples. We found 1287 SSRs and 5606 transcripts involved in 179 pathways. The 55 transcription factor families represented 19.42% of total mothbean transcripts. In expression profiling, ten transcripts were found to be up-regulated and 41 down-regulated while 490 showed no major change under moisture stress condition. Stress inducible genes like Catalase, Cyt P450 monooxygenase, heat shock proteins (HSP 90 and HSP 70), oxidoreductase, protein kinases, dehydration responsive protein (DRP), universal stress protein and ferridoxin NADH oxidoreductase genes were up-regulated in stressed sample. Genes which might be involved in moisture stress tolerance in moth bean were identified and these might be useful for stress tolerance breeding in moth bean and other related crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Tiwari
- Genomic Resources Division, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Neetu Tyagi
- Genomic Resources Division, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Ratna Kumari
- Genomic Resources Division, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Pooja Bangar
- Genomic Resources Division, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Paramananda Barman
- Genomic Resources Division, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Genomic Resources Division, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Ambika Gaikwad
- Genomic Resources Division, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - K. V. Bhat
- Genomic Resources Division, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
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Jha UC. Current advances in chickpea genomics: applications and future perspectives. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2018; 37:947-965. [PMID: 29860584 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-018-2305-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Chickpea genomics promises to illuminate our understanding of genome organization, structural variations, evolutionary and domestication-related insights and fundamental biology of legume crops. Unprecedented advancements of next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have enabled in decoding of multiple chickpea genome sequences and generating huge genomic resources in chickpea both at functional and structural level. This review is aimed to update the current progress of chickpea genomics ranging from high density linkage map development, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), functional genomics resources for various traits, emerging role of abiotic stress responsive coding and non-coding RNAs after the completion of draft chickpea genome sequences. Additionally, the current efforts of whole genome re-sequencing (WGRS) approach of global chickpea germplasm to capture the global genetic diversity existing in the historically released varieties across the world and increasing the resolution of the previously identified candidate gene(s) of breeding importance have been discussed. Thus, the outcomes of these genomics resources will assist in genomics-assisted selection and facilitate breeding of climate-resilient chickpea cultivars for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uday Chand Jha
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR), Kanpur, 208024, India.
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Bhatia H, Khemka N, Jain M, Garg R. Genome-wide bisulphite-sequencing reveals organ-specific methylation patterns in chickpea. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9704. [PMID: 29946142 PMCID: PMC6018830 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27979-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is widely known to regulate gene expression in eukaryotes. Here, we unraveled DNA methylation patterns in cultivated chickpea to understand the regulation of gene expression in different organs. We analyzed the methylation pattern in leaf tissue of wild chickpea too, and compared it with cultivated chickpea. Our analysis indicated abundant CG methylation within gene-body and CHH methylation in intergenic regions of the chickpea genome in all the organs examined. Analysis of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) demonstrated a higher number of CG context DMRs in wild chickpea and CHH context DMRs in cultivated chickpea. We observed increased preponderance of hypermethylated DMRs in the promoter regions and hypomethylated DMRs in the genic regions in cultivated chickpea. Genomic location and context of the DMRs correlated well with expression of proximal genes. Our results put forth a positive correlation of promoter hypermethylation with increased transcript abundance via identification of DMR-associated genes involved in flower development in cultivated chickpea. The atypical correlation observed between promoter hypermethylation and increased transcript abundance might be dependent on 24-nt small RNAs and transcription factors binding to the promoter region. This study provides novel insights into DNA methylation patterns in chickpea and their role in regulation of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshi Bhatia
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Niraj Khemka
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Mukesh Jain
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.,National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Rohini Garg
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, 201314, India.
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Srivastava PL, Shukla A, Kalunke RM. Comprehensive metabolic and transcriptomic profiling of various tissues provide insights for saponin biosynthesis in the medicinally important Asparagus racemosus. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9098. [PMID: 29904061 PMCID: PMC6002474 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27440-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Asparagus racemosus (Shatavari), belongs to the family Asparagaceae and is known as a “curer of hundred diseases” since ancient time. This plant has been exploited as a food supplement to enhance immune system and regarded as a highly valued medicinal plant in Ayurvedic medicine system for the treatment of various ailments such as gastric ulcers, dyspepsia, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, as a galactogogue and against several other diseases. In depth metabolic fingerprinting of various parts of the plant led to the identification of 13 monoterpenoids exclusively present in roots. LC-MS profiling led to the identification of a significant number of steroidal saponins (33). However, we have also identified 16 triterpene saponins for the first time in A. racemosus. In order to understand the molecular basis of biosynthesis of major components, transcriptome sequencing from three different tissues (root, leaf and fruit) was carried out. Functional annotation of A. racemosus transcriptome resulted in the identification of 153 transcripts involved in steroidal saponin biosynthesis, 45 transcripts in triterpene saponin biosynthesis, 44 transcripts in monoterpenoid biosynthesis and 79 transcripts in flavonoid biosynthesis. These findings will pave the way for better understanding of the molecular basis of steroidal saponin, triterpene saponin, monoterpenoids and flavonoid biosynthesis in A. racemosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakar Lal Srivastava
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Lavale, Pune, 412115, India.
| | - Anurag Shukla
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Raviraj M Kalunke
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, India
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Chou CH, Huang HY, Huang WC, Hsu SD, Hsiao CD, Liu CY, Chen YH, Liu YC, Huang WY, Lee ML, Chen YC, Huang HD. The aquatic animals' transcriptome resource for comparative functional analysis. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:103. [PMID: 29764375 PMCID: PMC5954267 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4463-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aquatic animals have great economic and ecological importance. Among them, non-model organisms have been studied regarding eco-toxicity, stress biology, and environmental adaptation. Due to recent advances in next-generation sequencing techniques, large amounts of RNA-seq data for aquatic animals are publicly available. However, currently there is no comprehensive resource exist for the analysis, unification, and integration of these datasets. This study utilizes computational approaches to build a new resource of transcriptomic maps for aquatic animals. This aquatic animal transcriptome map database dbATM provides de novo assembly of transcriptome, gene annotation and comparative analysis of more than twenty aquatic organisms without draft genome. Results To improve the assembly quality, three computational tools (Trinity, Oases and SOAPdenovo-Trans) were employed to enhance individual transcriptome assembly, and CAP3 and CD-HIT-EST software were then used to merge these three assembled transcriptomes. In addition, functional annotation analysis provides valuable clues to gene characteristics, including full-length transcript coding regions, conserved domains, gene ontology and KEGG pathways. Furthermore, all aquatic animal genes are essential for comparative genomics tasks such as constructing homologous gene groups and blast databases and phylogenetic analysis. Conclusion In conclusion, we establish a resource for non model organism aquatic animals, which is great economic and ecological importance and provide transcriptomic information including functional annotation and comparative transcriptome analysis. The database is now publically accessible through the URL http://dbATM.mbc.nctu.edu.tw/. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4463-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hung Chou
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Yuan Huang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chih Huang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Da Hsu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Der Hsiao
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli, 320, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Liu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hung Chen
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Liu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yun Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Lin Lee
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chang Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Da Huang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan. .,Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.
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Chidambaranathan P, Jagannadham PTK, Satheesh V, Kohli D, Basavarajappa SH, Chellapilla B, Kumar J, Jain PK, Srinivasan R. Genome-wide analysis identifies chickpea (Cicer arietinum) heat stress transcription factors (Hsfs) responsive to heat stress at the pod development stage. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2018; 131:525-542. [PMID: 28474118 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-017-0948-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The heat stress transcription factors (Hsfs) play a prominent role in thermotolerance and eliciting the heat stress response in plants. Identification and expression analysis of Hsfs gene family members in chickpea would provide valuable information on heat stress responsive Hsfs. A genome-wide analysis of Hsfs gene family resulted in the identification of 22 Hsf genes in chickpea in both desi and kabuli genome. Phylogenetic analysis distinctly separated 12 A, 9 B, and 1 C class Hsfs, respectively. An analysis of cis-regulatory elements in the upstream region of the genes identified many stress responsive elements such as heat stress elements (HSE), abscisic acid responsive element (ABRE) etc. In silico expression analysis showed nine and three Hsfs were also expressed in drought and salinity stresses, respectively. Q-PCR expression analysis of Hsfs under heat stress at pod development and at 15 days old seedling stage showed that CarHsfA2, A6, and B2 were significantly upregulated in both the stages of crop growth and other four Hsfs (CarHsfA2, A6a, A6c, B2a) showed early transcriptional upregulation for heat stress at seedling stage of chickpea. These subclasses of Hsfs identified in this study can be further evaluated as candidate genes in the characterization of heat stress response in chickpea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parameswaran Chidambaranathan
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Prasanth Tej Kumar Jagannadham
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Viswanathan Satheesh
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Deshika Kohli
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Jitendra Kumar
- Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Jain
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - R Srinivasan
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
- Emeritus Scientist, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, NRC Plant Biotechnology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
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Ma J, Li J, Xu Z, Wang F, Xiong A. Transcriptome profiling of genes involving in carotenoid biosynthesis and accumulation between leaf and root of carrot (Daucus carota L.). Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:481-490. [PMID: 29617714 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmy027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Carrot provides abundant carotenoid for human diet and is one of the most widely cultivated root vegetables in the world. However, the absence of the tissue-specific transcriptome of carrots hampers the investigation of the association of secondary metabolic mechanism with the different tissue types. In this study, we obtained 46,119,008/48,414,508 raw reads and 45,394,846/47,887,648 clean reads from the carrot leaf and root, respectively. Moreover, α- and β-carotene were found to accumulate in both tissues. Then, using Trinity assembly into contigs and mapped back to contigs, these reads were assembled to 56,267 and 62,427 leaf and root unigenes, respectively, after Ns removal and paired-end extension. In addition, a total of 18,354 DEGs were found between the carrot leaf and root unigenes, and 99 of these DEGs were found to be involved in carotenoid biosynthesis as revealed by integrated function annotation. In the carotenoid pathway DEGs, DcPSY1, DcZ-ISO, DcCISO2, DcLBCY, DcLECY, DcZEP1, DcZEP2, DcVDE1, DcVDE2, DcNSY1, DcNSY2, DcA8H-CYP707A1.2, DcAAO3a, DcCCD4, and DcMAX1 were expressed dramatically in the carrot leaf compared with in the root. This result was consistent with the results from the quantitative real-time PCR analysis of DEG expression profiles. Moreover, 67 more carotenoid biosynthesis-related genes were found in this transcriptome database. Most of these DEGs were up-regulated in the carrot leaf compared with those in the root. The expression of DEGs may be related to the higher carotenoid pathway flux in the carrot leaf than in the root. These results will help to further understand the carotenoid biosynthesis in carrot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jingwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhisheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Aisheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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50
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Singh A, Nath O, Singh S, Kumar S, Singh IK. Genome-wide identification of the MAPK gene family in chickpea and expression analysis during development and stress response. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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