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Verdonk JC, van Ieperen W, Carvalho DRA, van Geest G, Schouten RE. Effect of preharvest conditions on cut-flower quality. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1281456. [PMID: 38023857 PMCID: PMC10667726 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1281456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The cut flower industry has a global reach as flowers are often produced in countries around the equator and transported by plane or ship (reefer) mostly to the global north. Vase-life issues are often regarded as linked to only postharvest conditions while cultivation factors are just as important. Here, we review the main causes for quality reduction in cut flowers with the emphasis on the importance of preharvest conditions. Cut flower quality is characterised by a wide range of features, such as flower number, size, shape, colour (patterns), fragrance, uniformity of blooming, leaf and stem colour, plant shape and developmental stage, and absence of pests and diseases. Postharvest performance involves improving and preserving most of these characteristics for as long as possible. The main causes for cut flower quality loss are reduced water balance or carbohydrate availability, senescence and pest and diseases. Although there is a clear role for genotype, cultivation conditions are just as important to improve vase life. The role of growth conditions has been shown to be essential; irrigation, air humidity, and light quantity and quality can be used to increase quality. For example, xylem architecture is affected by the irrigation scheme, and the relative humidity in the greenhouse affects stomatal function. Both features determine the water balance of the flowering stem. Light quality and period drives photosynthesis, which is directly responsible for accumulation of carbohydrates. The carbohydrate status is important for respiration, and many senescence related processes. High carbohydrates can lead to sugar loss into the vase water, leading to bacterial growth and potential xylem blockage. Finally, inferior hygiene during cultivation and temperature and humidity control during postharvest can lead to pathogen contamination. At the end of the review, we will discuss the future outlook focussing on new phenotyping tools necessary to quantify the complex interactions between cultivation factors and postharvest performance of cut flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian C. Verdonk
- Department of Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Wim van Ieperen
- Department of Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Geert van Geest
- Interfaculty Bioinformatics, Institut für Biologie, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften und Naturwissenschaften, Universität Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rob E. Schouten
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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2
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Trivellini A, Toscano S, Romano D, Ferrante A. The Role of Blue and Red Light in the Orchestration of Secondary Metabolites, Nutrient Transport and Plant Quality. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2026. [PMID: 37653943 PMCID: PMC10223693 DOI: 10.3390/plants12102026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Light is a fundamental environmental parameter for plant growth and development because it provides an energy source for carbon fixation during photosynthesis and regulates many other physiological processes through its signaling. In indoor horticultural cultivation systems, sole-source light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have shown great potential for optimizing growth and producing high-quality products. Light is also a regulator of flowering, acting on phytochromes and inducing or inhibiting photoperiodic plants. Plants respond to light quality through several light receptors that can absorb light at different wavelengths. This review summarizes recent progress in our understanding of the role of blue and red light in the modulation of important plant quality traits, nutrient absorption and assimilation, as well as secondary metabolites, and includes the dynamic signaling networks that are orchestrated by blue and red wavelengths with a focus on transcriptional and metabolic reprogramming, plant productivity, and the nutritional quality of products. Moreover, it highlights future lines of research that should increase our knowledge to develop tailored light recipes to shape the plant characteristics and the nutritional and nutraceutical value of horticultural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Trivellini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Università degli Studi di Catania, 95131 Catania, Italy;
| | - Stefania Toscano
- Department of Science Veterinary, Università degli Studi di Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Daniela Romano
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Università degli Studi di Catania, 95131 Catania, Italy;
| | - Antonio Ferrante
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences—Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
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3
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Kirk P, Amsbury S, German L, Gaudioso-Pedraza R, Benitez-Alfonso Y. A comparative meta-proteomic pipeline for the identification of plasmodesmata proteins and regulatory conditions in diverse plant species. BMC Biol 2022; 20:128. [PMID: 35655273 PMCID: PMC9164936 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01331-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A major route for cell-to-cell signalling in plants is mediated by cell wall-embedded pores termed plasmodesmata forming the symplasm. Plasmodesmata regulate the plant development and responses to the environment; however, our understanding of what factors or regulatory cues affect their structure and permeability is still limited. In this paper, a meta-analysis was carried out for the identification of conditions affecting plasmodesmata transport and for the in silico prediction of plasmodesmata proteins in species for which the plasmodesmata proteome has not been experimentally determined. RESULTS Using the information obtained from experimental proteomes, an analysis pipeline (named plasmodesmata in silico proteome 1 or PIP1) was developed to rapidly generate candidate plasmodesmata proteomes for 22 plant species. Using the in silico proteomes to interrogate published transcriptomes, gene interaction networks were identified pointing to conditions likely affecting plasmodesmata transport capacity. High salinity, drought and osmotic stress regulate the expression of clusters enriched in genes encoding plasmodesmata proteins, including those involved in the metabolism of the cell wall polysaccharide callose. Experimental determinations showed restriction in the intercellular transport of the symplasmic reporter GFP and enhanced callose deposition in Arabidopsis roots exposed to 75-mM NaCl and 3% PEG (polyethylene glycol). Using PIP1 and transcriptome meta-analyses, candidate plasmodesmata proteins for the legume Medicago truncatula were generated, leading to the identification of Medtr1g073320, a novel receptor-like protein that localises at plasmodesmata. Expression of Medtr1g073320 affects callose deposition and the root response to infection with the soil-borne bacteria rhizobia in the presence of nitrate. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that combining proteomic meta-analysis and transcriptomic data can be a valuable tool for the identification of new proteins and regulatory mechanisms affecting plasmodesmata function. We have created the freely accessible pipeline PIP1 as a resource for the screening of experimental proteomes and for the in silico prediction of PD proteins in diverse plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Kirk
- Centre for Plant Science, School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Sam Amsbury
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Liam German
- Centre for Plant Science, School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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4
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Zareen S, Ali A, Lim CJ, Khan HA, Park J, Xu ZY, Yun DJ. The Transcriptional Corepressor HOS15 Mediates Dark-Induced Leaf Senescence in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:828264. [PMID: 35283908 PMCID: PMC8914473 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.828264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Multiple endogenous and environmental signals regulate the intricate and highly complex processes driving leaf senescence in plants. A number of genes have been identified in a variety of plant species, including Arabidopsis, which influence leaf senescence. Previously, we have shown that HOS15 is a multifunctional protein that regulates several physiological processes, including plant growth and development under adverse environmental conditions. HOS15 has also been reported to form a chromatin remodeling complex with PWR and HDA9 and to regulate the chromatin structure of numerous genes. However, unlike PWR and HDA9, the involvement of HOS15 in leaf senescence is yet to be identified. Here, we report that HOS15, together with PWR and HDA9, promotes leaf senescence via transcriptional regulation of SAG12/29, senescence marker genes, and CAB1/RCBS1A, photosynthesis-related genes. The expression of ORE1, SAG12, and SAG29 was downregulated in hos15-2 plants, whereas the expression of photosynthesis-related genes, CAB1 and RCBS1A, was upregulated. HOS15 also promoted senescence through dark stress, as its mutation led to a much greener phenotype than that of the WT. Phenotypes of double and triple mutants of HOS15 with PWR and HDA9 produced phenotypes similar to those of a single hos15-2. In line with this observation, the expression levels of NPX1, APG9, and WRKY57 were significantly elevated in hos15-2 and hos15/pwr, hos15/hda9, and hos15/pwr/hda9 mutants compared to those in the WT. Surprisingly, the total H3 acetylation level decreased in age-dependent manner and under dark stress in WT; however, it remained the same in hos15-2 plants regardless of dark stress, suggesting that dark-induced deacetylation requires functional HOS15. More interestingly, the promoters of APG9, NPX1, and WRKY57 were hyperacetylated in hos15-2 plants compared to those in WT plants. Our data reveal that HOS15 acts as a positive regulator and works in the same repressor complex with PWR and HDA9 to promote leaf senescence through aging and dark stress by repressing NPX1, APG9, and WRKY57 acetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shah Zareen
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Akhtar Ali
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Chae Jin Lim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Haris Ali Khan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Junghoon Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Zheng-Yi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Dae-Jin Yun
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
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5
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Zhang Y, Wu Z, Feng M, Chen J, Qin M, Wang W, Bao Y, Xu Q, Ye Y, Ma C, Jiang CZ, Gan SS, Zhou H, Cai Y, Hong B, Gao J, Ma N. The circadian-controlled PIF8-BBX28 module regulates petal senescence in rose flowers by governing mitochondrial ROS homeostasis at night. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:2716-2735. [PMID: 34043798 PMCID: PMC8408477 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are unstable reactive molecules that are toxic to cells. Regulation of ROS homeostasis is crucial to protect cells from dysfunction, senescence, and death. In plant leaves, ROS are mainly generated from chloroplasts and are tightly temporally restricted by the circadian clock. However, little is known about how ROS homeostasis is regulated in nonphotosynthetic organs, such as petals. Here, we showed that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels exhibit typical circadian rhythmicity in rose (Rosa hybrida) petals, consistent with the measured respiratory rate. RNA-seq and functional screening identified a B-box gene, RhBBX28, whose expression was associated with H2O2 rhythms. Silencing RhBBX28 accelerated flower senescence and promoted H2O2 accumulation at night in petals, while overexpression of RhBBX28 had the opposite effects. RhBBX28 influenced the expression of various genes related to respiratory metabolism, including the TCA cycle and glycolysis, and directly repressed the expression of SUCCINATE DEHYDROGENASE 1, which plays a central role in mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) homeostasis. We also found that PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR8 (RhPIF8) could activate RhBBX28 expression to control H2O2 levels in petals and thus flower senescence. Our results indicate that the circadian-controlled RhPIF8-RhBBX28 module is a critical player that controls flower senescence by governing mtROS homeostasis in rose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhicheng Wu
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ming Feng
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiwei Chen
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Meizhu Qin
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenran Wang
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ying Bao
- Faculty of Life Science, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan, 063000, Hebei, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ying Ye
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Cai-Zhong Jiang
- United States Department of Agriculture, Crop Pathology and Genetic Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Su-Sheng Gan
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Hougao Zhou
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Youming Cai
- Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Bo Hong
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Junping Gao
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Nan Ma
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Author for correspondence:
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6
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Xu X, Jibran R, Wang Y, Dong L, Flokova K, Esfandiari A, McLachlan ARG, Heiser A, Sutherland-Smith AJ, Brummell DA, Bouwmeester HJ, Dijkwel PP, Hunter DA. Strigolactones regulate sepal senescence in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:5462-5477. [PMID: 33970249 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Flower sepals are critical for flower development and vary greatly in life span depending on their function post-pollination. Very little is known about what controls sepal longevity. Using a sepal senescence mutant screen, we identified two Arabidopsis mutants with delayed senescence directly connecting strigolactones with senescence regulation in a novel floral context that hitherto has not been explored. The mutations were in the strigolactone biosynthetic gene MORE AXILLARY GROWTH1 (MAX1) and in the strigolactone receptor gene DWARF14 (AtD14). The mutation in AtD14 changed the catalytic Ser97 to Phe in the enzyme active site, which is the first mutation of its kind in planta. The lesion in MAX1 was in the haem-iron ligand signature of the cytochrome P450 protein, converting the highly conserved Gly469 to Arg, which was shown in a transient expression assay to substantially inhibit the activity of MAX1. The two mutations highlighted the importance of strigolactone activity for driving to completion senescence initiated both developmentally and in response to carbon-limiting stress, as has been found for the more well-known senescence-associated regulators ethylene and abscisic acid. Analysis of transcript abundance in excised inflorescences during an extended night suggested an intricate relationship among sugar starvation, senescence, and strigolactone biosynthesis and signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Xu
- Massey University, School of Fundamental Sciences, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Rubina Jibran
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Yanting Wang
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lemeng Dong
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kristyna Flokova
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Azadeh Esfandiari
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Andrew R G McLachlan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Axel Heiser
- Hopkirk Research Institute, AgResearch Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | - David A Brummell
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Harro J Bouwmeester
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul P Dijkwel
- Massey University, School of Fundamental Sciences, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Donald A Hunter
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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7
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Durian G, Sedaghatmehr M, Matallana-Ramirez LP, Schilling SM, Schaepe S, Guerra T, Herde M, Witte CP, Mueller-Roeber B, Schulze WX, Balazadeh S, Romeis T. Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase CPK1 Controls Cell Death by In Vivo Phosphorylation of Senescence Master Regulator ORE1. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:1610-1625. [PMID: 32111670 PMCID: PMC7203915 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Calcium-regulated protein kinases are key components of intracellular signaling in plants that mediate rapid stress-induced responses to changes in the environment. To identify in vivo phosphorylation substrates of CALCIUM-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE1 (CPK1), we analyzed the conditional expression of constitutively active CPK1 in conjunction with in vivo phosphoproteomics. We identified Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) ORESARA1 (ORE1), the developmental master regulator of senescence, as a direct CPK1 phosphorylation substrate. CPK1 phosphorylates ORE1 at a hotspot within an intrinsically disordered region. This augments transcriptional activation by ORE1 of its downstream target gene BIFUNCTIONAL NUCLEASE1 (BFN1). Plants that overexpress ORE1, but not an ORE1 variant lacking the CPK1 phosphorylation hotspot, promote early senescence. Furthermore, ORE1 is required for enhanced cell death induced by CPK1 signaling. Our data validate the use of conditional expression of an active enzyme combined with phosphoproteomics to decipher specific kinase target proteins of low abundance, of transient phosphorylation, or in yet-undescribed biological contexts. Here, we have identified that senescence is not just under molecular surveillance manifested by stringent gene regulatory control over ORE1 In addition, the decision to die is superimposed by an additional layer of control toward ORE1 via its posttranslational modification linked to the calcium-regulatory network through CPK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Durian
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Institute for Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- University of Turku, Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Mastoureh Sedaghatmehr
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Cooperative Research Group, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Lilian P Matallana-Ramirez
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Cooperative Research Group, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Silke M Schilling
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Institute for Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sieke Schaepe
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Institute for Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Marco Herde
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Institute for Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Claus-Peter Witte
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Institute for Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Mueller-Roeber
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Waltraud X Schulze
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Department of Metabolic Networks, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Salma Balazadeh
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Cooperative Research Group, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Tina Romeis
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Institute for Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Department Biochemistry of Plant Interactions, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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8
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Durgud M, Gupta S, Ivanov I, Omidbakhshfard MA, Benina M, Alseekh S, Staykov N, Hauenstein M, Dijkwel PP, Hörtensteiner S, Toneva V, Brotman Y, Fernie AR, Mueller-Roeber B, Gechev TS. Molecular Mechanisms Preventing Senescence in Response to Prolonged Darkness in a Desiccation-Tolerant Plant. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 177:1319-1338. [PMID: 29789435 PMCID: PMC6053018 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The desiccation-tolerant plant Haberlea rhodopensis can withstand months of darkness without any visible senescence. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of this adaptation to prolonged (30 d) darkness and subsequent return to light. H. rhodopensis plants remained green and viable throughout the dark treatment. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that darkness regulated several transcription factor (TF) genes. Stress- and autophagy-related TFs such as ERF8, HSFA2b, RD26, TGA1, and WRKY33 were up-regulated, while chloroplast- and flowering-related TFs such as ATH1, COL2, COL4, RL1, and PTAC7 were repressed. PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR4, a negative regulator of photomorphogenesis and promoter of senescence, also was down-regulated. In response to darkness, most of the photosynthesis- and photorespiratory-related genes were strongly down-regulated, while genes related to autophagy were up-regulated. This occurred concomitant with the induction of SUCROSE NON-FERMENTING1-RELATED PROTEIN KINASES (SnRK1) signaling pathway genes, which regulate responses to stress-induced starvation and autophagy. Most of the genes associated with chlorophyll catabolism, which are induced by darkness in dark-senescing species, were either unregulated (PHEOPHORBIDE A OXYGENASE, PAO; RED CHLOROPHYLL CATABOLITE REDUCTASE, RCCR) or repressed (STAY GREEN-LIKE, PHEOPHYTINASE, and NON-YELLOW COLORING1). Metabolite profiling revealed increases in the levels of many amino acids in darkness, suggesting increased protein degradation. In darkness, levels of the chloroplastic lipids digalactosyldiacylglycerol, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol decreased, while those of storage triacylglycerols increased, suggesting degradation of chloroplast membrane lipids and their conversion to triacylglycerols for use as energy and carbon sources. Collectively, these data show a coordinated response to darkness, including repression of photosynthetic, photorespiratory, flowering, and chlorophyll catabolic genes, induction of autophagy and SnRK1 pathways, and metabolic reconfigurations that enable survival under prolonged darkness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Durgud
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Department Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
| | - M Amin Omidbakhshfard
- Department Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Department Willmitzer, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Maria Benina
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
- Department Willmitzer, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Nikola Staykov
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Mareike Hauenstein
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paul P Dijkwel
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, 4474 Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Stefan Hörtensteiner
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Toneva
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Yariv Brotman
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheva, Israel
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
- Department Willmitzer, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bernd Mueller-Roeber
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
- Department Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Tsanko S Gechev
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
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9
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Identification of Postharvest Senescence Regulators Through Map-Based Cloning Using Detached Arabidopsis Inflorescences as a Model Tissue. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1744:195-220. [PMID: 29392668 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7672-0_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Postharvest deterioration of fruits and vegetables can be accelerated by biological, environmental, and physiological stresses. Fully understanding tissue response to harvest will provide new opportunities for limiting postharvest losses during handling and storage. The model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) has many attributes that make it excellent for studying the underlying control of postharvest responses. It is also one of the best resourced plants with numerous web-based bioinformatic programs and large numbers of mutant collections. Here we introduce a novel assay system called AIDA (the Arabidopsis Inflorescence Degreening Assay) that we developed for understanding postharvest response of immature tissues. We also demonstrate how the high-throughput screening capability of AIDA can be used with mapping technologies (high-resolution melting [HRM] and needle in the k-stack [NIKS]) to identify regulators of postharvest senescence in ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenized plant populations. Whether it is best to use HRM or NIKS or both technologies will depend on your laboratory facilities and computing capabilities.
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10
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Martín-Fontecha ES, Tarancón C, Cubas P. To grow or not to grow, a power-saving program induced in dormant buds. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 41:102-109. [PMID: 29125947 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant shoot branching patterns determine leaf, flower and fruit production, and thus reproductive success and yield. Branch primordia, or axillary buds, arise in the axils of leaves and their decision to either grow or enter dormancy is coordinated at the whole plant level. Comparisons of transcriptional profiles of axillary buds entering dormancy have identified a shared set of responses that closely resemble a Low Energy Syndrome. This syndrome is aimed at saving carbon use to support essential maintenance functions, rather than additional growth, and involves growth arrest (thus dormancy), metabolic reprogramming and hormone signalling. This response is widely conserved in distantly related woody and herbaceous species, and not only underlies but also precedes the growth-to-dormancy transition induced in buds by different stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Sánchez Martín-Fontecha
- Plant Molecular Genetics Department, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Tarancón
- Plant Molecular Genetics Department, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Cubas
- Plant Molecular Genetics Department, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Campus Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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11
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Liebsch D, Keech O. Dark-induced leaf senescence: new insights into a complex light-dependent regulatory pathway. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 212:563-570. [PMID: 27716940 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
563 I. 563 II. 564 III. 564 IV. 565 V. 565 VI. 567 VII. 567 568 References 568 SUMMARY: Leaf senescence - the coordinated, active process leading to the organized dismantling of cellular components to remobilize resources - is a fundamental aspect of plant life. Its tight regulation is essential for plant fitness and has crucial implications for the optimization of plant productivity and storage properties. Various investigations have shown light deprivation and light perception via phytochromes as key elements modulating senescence. However, the signalling pathways linking light deprivation and actual senescence processes have long remained obscure. Recent analyses have demonstrated that PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORS (PIFs) are major transcription factors orchestrating dark-induced senescence (DIS) by targeting chloroplast maintenance, chlorophyll metabolism, hormone signalling and production, and the expression of senescence master regulators, uncovering potential molecular links to the energy deprivation signalling pathway. PIF-dependent feed-forward regulatory modules might be of critical importance for the highly complex and initially light-reversible DIS induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Liebsch
- Department of Plant Physiology, UPSC, Umeå University, Umeå, S-90187, Sweden
| | - Olivier Keech
- Department of Plant Physiology, UPSC, Umeå University, Umeå, S-90187, Sweden.
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12
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Trivellini A, Cocetta G, Hunter DA, Vernieri P, Ferrante A. Spatial and temporal transcriptome changes occurring during flower opening and senescence of the ephemeral hibiscus flower, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:5919-5931. [PMID: 27591432 PMCID: PMC5091337 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Flowers are complex systems whose vegetative and sexual structures initiate and die in a synchronous manner. The rapidity of this process varies widely in flowers, with some lasting for months while others such as Hibiscus rosa-sinensis survive for only a day. The genetic regulation underlying these differences is unclear. To identify key genes and pathways that coordinate floral organ senescence of ephemeral flowers, we identified transcripts in H. rosa-sinensis floral organs by 454 sequencing. During development, 2053 transcripts increased and 2135 decreased significantly in abundance. The senescence of the flower was associated with increased abundance of many hydrolytic genes, including aspartic and cysteine proteases, vacuolar processing enzymes, and nucleases. Pathway analysis suggested that transcripts altering significantly in abundance were enriched in functions related to cell wall-, aquaporin-, light/circadian clock-, autophagy-, and calcium-related genes. Finding enrichment in light/circadian clock-related genes fits well with the observation that hibiscus floral development is highly synchronized with light and the hypothesis that ageing/senescence of the flower is orchestrated by a molecular clock. Further study of these genes will provide novel insight into how the molecular clock is able to regulate the timing of programmed cell death in tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Trivellini
- Institute of Life Science, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giacomo Cocetta
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Donald A Hunter
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Paolo Vernieri
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio Ferrante
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi Milano, Milan, Italy
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13
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Tohge T, Wendenburg R, Ishihara H, Nakabayashi R, Watanabe M, Sulpice R, Hoefgen R, Takayama H, Saito K, Stitt M, Fernie AR. Characterization of a recently evolved flavonol-phenylacyltransferase gene provides signatures of natural light selection in Brassicaceae. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12399. [PMID: 27545969 PMCID: PMC4996938 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Incidence of natural light stress renders it important to enhance our understanding of the mechanisms by which plants protect themselves from harmful effects of UV-B irradiation, as this is critical for fitness of land plant species. Here we describe natural variation of a class of phenylacylated-flavonols (saiginols), which accumulate to high levels in floral tissues of Arabidopsis. They were identified in a subset of accessions, especially those deriving from latitudes between 16° and 43° North. Investigation of introgression line populations using metabolic and transcript profiling, combined with genomic sequence analysis, allowed the identification of flavonol-phenylacyltransferase 2 (FPT2) that is responsible for the production of saiginols and conferring greater UV light tolerance in planta. Furthermore, analysis of polymorphism within the FPT duplicated region provides an evolutionary framework of the natural history of this locus in the Brassicaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Tohge
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Regina Wendenburg
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Hirofumi Ishihara
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ryo Nakabayashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1 Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Watanabe
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ronan Sulpice
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Rainer Hoefgen
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Hiromitsu Takayama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1 Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1 Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Suehiro-cho 1-7-22, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mark Stitt
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.,Center of Plant System Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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14
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Lauxmann MA, Annunziata MG, Brunoud G, Wahl V, Koczut A, Burgos A, Olas JJ, Maximova E, Abel C, Schlereth A, Soja AM, Bläsing OE, Lunn JE, Vernoux T, Stitt M. Reproductive failure in Arabidopsis thaliana under transient carbohydrate limitation: flowers and very young siliques are jettisoned and the meristem is maintained to allow successful resumption of reproductive growth. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2016; 39:745-67. [PMID: 26351840 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The impact of transient carbon depletion on reproductive growth in Arabidopsis was investigated by transferring long-photoperiod-grown plants to continuous darkness and returning them to a light-dark cycle. After 2 days of darkness, carbon reserves were depleted in reproductive sinks, and RNA in situ hybridization of marker transcripts showed that carbon starvation responses had been initiated in the meristem, anthers and ovules. Dark treatments of 2 or more days resulted in a bare-segment phenotype on the floral stem, with 23-27 aborted siliques. These resulted from impaired growth of immature siliques and abortion of mature and immature flowers. Depolarization of PIN1 protein and increased DII-VENUS expression pointed to rapid collapse of auxin gradients in the meristem and inhibition of primordia initiation. After transfer back to a light-dark cycle, flowers appeared and formed viable siliques and seeds. A similar phenotype was seen after transfer to sub-compensation point irradiance or CO2 . It also appeared in a milder form after a moderate decrease in irradiance and developed spontaneously in short photoperiods. We conclude that Arabidopsis inhibits primordia initiation and aborts flowers and very young siliques in C-limited conditions. This curtails demand, safeguarding meristem function and allowing renewal of reproductive growth when carbon becomes available again.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A Lauxmann
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Maria G Annunziata
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Géraldine Brunoud
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, CNRS, INRA, ENS Lyon, UCBL, Université de Lyon, Lyon, 69364, France
| | - Vanessa Wahl
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Andrzej Koczut
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Asdrubal Burgos
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Justyna J Olas
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Eugenia Maximova
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Christin Abel
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Armin Schlereth
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Aleksandra M Soja
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Oliver E Bläsing
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
- Metanomics GmbH, Tegeler Weg 33, Berlin, 10589, Germany
| | - John E Lunn
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Teva Vernoux
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, CNRS, INRA, ENS Lyon, UCBL, Université de Lyon, Lyon, 69364, France
| | - Mark Stitt
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
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15
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Jibran R, Sullivan KL, Crowhurst R, Erridge ZA, Chagné D, McLachlan ARG, Brummell DA, Dijkwel PP, Hunter DA. Staying green postharvest: how three mutations in the Arabidopsis chlorophyll b reductase gene NYC1 delay degreening by distinct mechanisms. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:6849-6862. [PMID: 26261268 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Stresses such as energy deprivation, wounding and water-supply disruption often contribute to rapid deterioration of harvested tissues. To uncover the genetic regulation behind such stresses, a simple assessment system was used to detect senescence mutants in conjunction with two rapid mapping techniques to identify the causal mutations. To demonstrate the power of this approach, immature inflorescences of Arabidopsis plants that contained ethyl methanesulfonate-induced lesions were detached and screened for altered timing of dark-induced senescence. Numerous mutant lines displaying accelerated or delayed timing of senescence relative to wild type were discovered. The underlying mutations in three of these were identified using High Resolution Melting analysis to map to a chromosomal arm followed by a whole-genome sequencing-based mapping method, termed 'Needle in the K-Stack', to identify the causal lesions. All three mutations were single base pair changes and occurred in the same gene, NON-YELLOW COLORING1 (NYC1), a chlorophyll b reductase of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) superfamily. This was consistent with the mutants preferentially retaining chlorophyll b, although substantial amounts of chlorophyll b were still lost. The single base pair mutations disrupted NYC1 function by three distinct mechanisms, one by producing a termination codon, the second by interfering with correct intron splicing and the third by replacing a highly conserved proline with a non-equivalent serine residue. This non-synonymous amino acid change, which occurred in the NADPH binding domain of NYC1, is the first example of such a mutation in an SDR protein inhibiting a physiological response in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubina Jibran
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Kerry L Sullivan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Ross Crowhurst
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Zoe A Erridge
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - David Chagné
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Andrew R G McLachlan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - David A Brummell
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Paul P Dijkwel
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Donald A Hunter
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
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16
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Garapati P, Xue GP, Munné-Bosch S, Balazadeh S. Transcription Factor ATAF1 in Arabidopsis Promotes Senescence by Direct Regulation of Key Chloroplast Maintenance and Senescence Transcriptional Cascades. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 168:1122-39. [PMID: 25953103 PMCID: PMC4741325 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Senescence represents a fundamental process of late leaf development. Transcription factors (TFs) play an important role for expression reprogramming during senescence; however, the gene regulatory networks through which they exert their functions, and their physiological integration, are still largely unknown. Here, we identify the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) abscisic acid (ABA)- and hydrogen peroxide-activated TF Arabidopsis thaliana activating factor1 (ATAF1) as a novel upstream regulator of senescence. ATAF1 executes its physiological role by affecting both key chloroplast maintenance and senescence-promoting TFs, namely GOLDEN2-LIKE1 (GLK1) and ORESARA1 (Arabidopsis NAC092), respectively. Notably, while ATAF1 activates ORESARA1, it represses GLK1 expression by directly binding to their promoters, thereby generating a transcriptional output that shifts the physiological balance toward the progression of senescence. We furthermore demonstrate a key role of ATAF1 for ABA- and hydrogen peroxide-induced senescence, in accordance with a direct regulatory effect on ABA homeostasis genes, including nine-CIS-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase3 involved in ABA biosynthesis and ABC transporter G family member40, encoding an ABA transport protein. Thus, ATAF1 serves as a core transcriptional activator of senescence by coupling stress-related signaling with photosynthesis- and senescence-related transcriptional cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth Garapati
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (P.G., S.B.);Plant Signaling Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (P.G., S.B.);Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Plant Industry, St. Lucia, Queensland 4067, Australia (G.-P.X.); andDepartament de Biologia Vegetal, Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Biologia, 08028 Barcelona, Spain (S.M.-B.)
| | - Gang-Ping Xue
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (P.G., S.B.);Plant Signaling Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (P.G., S.B.);Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Plant Industry, St. Lucia, Queensland 4067, Australia (G.-P.X.); andDepartament de Biologia Vegetal, Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Biologia, 08028 Barcelona, Spain (S.M.-B.)
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (P.G., S.B.);Plant Signaling Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (P.G., S.B.);Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Plant Industry, St. Lucia, Queensland 4067, Australia (G.-P.X.); andDepartament de Biologia Vegetal, Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Biologia, 08028 Barcelona, Spain (S.M.-B.)
| | - Salma Balazadeh
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (P.G., S.B.);Plant Signaling Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (P.G., S.B.);Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Plant Industry, St. Lucia, Queensland 4067, Australia (G.-P.X.); andDepartament de Biologia Vegetal, Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Biologia, 08028 Barcelona, Spain (S.M.-B.)
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17
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Barau J, Grandis A, Carvalho VMDA, Teixeira GS, Zaparoli GHA, do Rio MCS, Rincones J, Buckeridge MS, Pereira GAG. Apoplastic and intracellular plant sugars regulate developmental transitions in witches' broom disease of cacao. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:1325-37. [PMID: 25540440 PMCID: PMC4339597 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Witches' broom disease (WBD) of cacao differs from other typical hemibiotrophic plant diseases by its unusually long biotrophic phase. Plant carbon sources have been proposed to regulate WBD developmental transitions; however, nothing is known about their availability at the plant-fungus interface, the apoplastic fluid of cacao. Data are provided supporting a role for the dynamics of soluble carbon in the apoplastic fluid in prompting the end of the biotrophic phase of infection. Carbon depletion and the consequent fungal sensing of starvation were identified as key signalling factors at the apoplast. MpNEP2, a fungal effector of host necrosis, was found to be up-regulated in an autophagic-like response to carbon starvation in vitro. In addition, the in vivo artificial manipulation of carbon availability in the apoplastic fluid considerably modulated both its expression and plant necrosis rate. Strikingly, infected cacao tissues accumulated intracellular hexoses, and showed stunted photosynthesis and the up-regulation of senescence markers immediately prior to the transition to the necrotrophic phase. These opposite findings of carbon depletion and accumulation in different host cell compartments are discussed within the frame of WBD development. A model is suggested to explain phase transition as a synergic outcome of fungal-related factors released upon sensing of extracellular carbon starvation, and an early senescence of infected tissues probably triggered by intracellular sugar accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Barau
- Laboratório de Genômica e Expressão, Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas-UNICAMP, CP 6109, Campinas-SP, CEP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Adriana Grandis
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Ecológica de Plantas, Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, CP 11461, Rua do Matão 277, São Paulo-SP, CEP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Miessler de Andrade Carvalho
- Laboratório de Genômica e Expressão, Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas-UNICAMP, CP 6109, Campinas-SP, CEP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Gleidson Silva Teixeira
- Laboratório de Genômica e Expressão, Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas-UNICAMP, CP 6109, Campinas-SP, CEP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Henrique Alcalá Zaparoli
- Laboratório de Genômica e Expressão, Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas-UNICAMP, CP 6109, Campinas-SP, CEP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Maria Carolina Scatolin do Rio
- Laboratório de Genômica e Expressão, Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas-UNICAMP, CP 6109, Campinas-SP, CEP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Johana Rincones
- Laboratório de Genômica e Expressão, Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas-UNICAMP, CP 6109, Campinas-SP, CEP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Marcos Silveira Buckeridge
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Ecológica de Plantas, Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo-USP, CP 11461, Rua do Matão 277, São Paulo-SP, CEP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Gonçalo Amarante Guimarães Pereira
- Laboratório de Genômica e Expressão, Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas-UNICAMP, CP 6109, Campinas-SP, CEP 13083-970, Brazil
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18
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Khan MIR, Trivellini A, Fatma M, Masood A, Francini A, Iqbal N, Ferrante A, Khan NA. Role of ethylene in responses of plants to nitrogen availability. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:927. [PMID: 26579172 PMCID: PMC4626634 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene is a plant hormone involved in several physiological processes and regulates the plant development during the whole life. Stressful conditions usually activate ethylene biosynthesis and signaling in plants. The availability of nutrients, shortage or excess, influences plant metabolism and ethylene plays an important role in plant adaptation under suboptimal conditions. Among the plant nutrients, the nitrogen (N) is one the most important mineral element required for plant growth and development. The availability of N significantly influences plant metabolism, including ethylene biology. The interaction between ethylene and N affects several physiological processes such as leaf gas exchanges, roots architecture, leaf, fruits, and flowers development. Low plant N use efficiency (NUE) leads to N loss and N deprivation, which affect ethylene biosynthesis and tissues sensitivity, inducing cell damage and ultimately lysis. Plants may respond differently to N availability balancing ethylene production through its signaling network. This review discusses the recent advances in the interaction between N availability and ethylene at whole plant and different organ levels, and explores how N availability induces ethylene biology and plant responses. Exogenously applied ethylene seems to cope the stress conditions and improves plant physiological performance. This can be explained considering the expression of ethylene biosynthesis and signaling genes under different N availability. A greater understanding of the regulation of N by means of ethylene modulation may help to increase NUE and directly influence crop productivity under conditions of limited N availability, leading to positive effects on the environment. Moreover, efforts should be focused on the effect of N deficiency or excess in fruit trees, where ethylene can have detrimental effects especially during postharvest.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. I. R. Khan
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim UniversityAligarh, India
| | - Alice Trivellini
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’AnnaPisa, Italy
| | - Mehar Fatma
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim UniversityAligarh, India
| | - Asim Masood
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim UniversityAligarh, India
| | | | - Noushina Iqbal
- Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard University New Delhi, India
| | - Antonio Ferrante
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di MilanoMilan, Italy
| | - Nafees A. Khan
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim UniversityAligarh, India
- *Correspondence: Nafees A. Khan,
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19
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Song Y, Yang C, Gao S, Zhang W, Li L, Kuai B. Age-triggered and dark-induced leaf senescence require the bHLH transcription factors PIF3, 4, and 5. MOLECULAR PLANT 2014; 7:1776-87. [PMID: 25296857 PMCID: PMC4261840 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssu109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence can be triggered and promoted by a large number of developmental and environmental factors. Numerous lines of evidence have suggested an involvement of phytochromes in the regulation of leaf senescence, but the related signaling pathways and physiological mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, we initially identified phytochrome-interacting factors (PIFs) 3, 4, and 5 as putative mediators of leaf senescence. Mutations of the PIF genes resulted in a significantly enhanced leaf longevity in age-triggered and dark-induced senescence, whereas overexpressions of these genes accelerated age-triggered and dark-induced senescence in Arabidopsis. Consistently, loss-of-function of PIF4 attenuated dark-induced transcriptional changes associated with chloroplast deterioration and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. ChIP-PCR and Dual-Luciferase assays demonstrated that PIF4 can activate chlorophyll degradation regulatory gene NYE1 and repress chloroplast activity maintainer gene GLK2 by binding to their promoter regions. Finally, dark-induced ethylene biosynthesis and ethylene-induced senescence were both dampened in pif4, suggesting the involvement of PIF4 in both ethylene biosynthesis and signaling pathway. Our study provides evidence that PIF3, 4, and 5 are novel positive senescence mediators and gains an insight into the mechanism of light signaling involved in the regulation of leaf senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuangwei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Shanghai), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Benke Kuai
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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Balazadeh S, Schildhauer J, Araújo WL, Munné-Bosch S, Fernie AR, Proost S, Humbeck K, Mueller-Roeber B. Reversal of senescence by N resupply to N-starved Arabidopsis thaliana: transcriptomic and metabolomic consequences. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:3975-92. [PMID: 24692653 PMCID: PMC4106441 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is a developmentally controlled process, which is additionally modulated by a number of adverse environmental conditions. Nitrogen shortage is a well-known trigger of precocious senescence in many plant species including crops, generally limiting biomass and seed yield. However, leaf senescence induced by nitrogen starvation may be reversed when nitrogen is resupplied at the onset of senescence. Here, the transcriptomic, hormonal, and global metabolic rearrangements occurring during nitrogen resupply-induced reversal of senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana were analysed. The changes induced by senescence were essentially in keeping with those previously described; however, these could, by and large, be reversed. The data thus indicate that plants undergoing senescence retain the capacity to sense and respond to the availability of nitrogen nutrition. The combined data are discussed in the context of the reversibility of the senescence programme and the evolutionary benefit afforded thereby. Future prospects for understanding and manipulating this process in both Arabidopsis and crop plants are postulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Balazadeh
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 20, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Plant Signalling Group, Am Muehlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Jörg Schildhauer
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Biology, Weinbergweg 10, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Central Metabolism Group, Am Muehlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany Max-Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Biologia, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Central Metabolism Group, Am Muehlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Sebastian Proost
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 20, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Plant Signalling Group, Am Muehlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Klaus Humbeck
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Biology, Weinbergweg 10, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Bernd Mueller-Roeber
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Haus 20, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Plant Signalling Group, Am Muehlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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