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Qi Y, Gao P, Yang S, Li L, Ke Y, Wei H, Huang F, Yu L. Comparative metabolomics analysis reveals dynamic changes in carbohydrate profiles of corms during the "relay growth" of konjac ( Amorphophallus muelleri). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1259561. [PMID: 37920719 PMCID: PMC10619727 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1259561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The type and content of carbohydrates in konjac corms are an essential factors in determining the quality of konjac; however, the pattern of carbohydrate changes and the mechanism regulating the development of mother and daughter corms in the "relay growth" process of Amorphophallus muelleri remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate changes in corm carbohydrates during the growth cycle of A. muelleri and to compare the carbohydrate composition and the expression of related genes between mother and daughter corms. Integrated metabolome and RNA-seq analyses identified 37 differential metabolites as well as 8074 genes that were differentially expressed between mother and daughter corms, the majority of which were involved in starch and sucrose metabolism. More than 80% of the differential metabolites, including sucrose and starch, tended to accumulate in the mother corms; however, konjac glucomannan (KGM), as one of the most important carbohydrates and its major component of the corm, accumulated in higher amounts in the daughter corms. In addition, the expression of invertase and alpha-amylase that promote the breakdown of sucrose and starch was 351.78- and 15.63-fold higher, respectively, in the daughter corm, whereas that of the starch synthesis gene AkWAXY was only 0.096 times as high as in the mother corms. Furthermore, the level of cellulose synthase-like protein G, which promotes KGM synthesis, was 3.85 times higher in daughter corms compared to mother corms. Thus, we inferred that the daughter and mother corms had two distinct carbohydrate utilization strategies. This study provides insights into temporal changes in carbohydrates during the growth cycle of A. muelleri.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Feiyan Huang
- College of Agronomy, Yunnan Urban Agricultural Engineering and Technological Research Center, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Lei Yu
- College of Agronomy, Yunnan Urban Agricultural Engineering and Technological Research Center, Kunming University, Kunming, China
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2
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Schwenkert S, Lo WT, Szulc B, Yip CK, Pratt AI, Cusack SA, Brandt B, Leister D, Kunz HH. Probing the physiological role of the plastid outer-envelope membrane using the oemiR plasmid collection. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2023; 13:jkad187. [PMID: 37572358 PMCID: PMC10542568 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Plastids are the site of complex biochemical pathways, most prominently photosynthesis. The organelle evolved through endosymbiosis with a cyanobacterium, which is exemplified by the outer envelope membrane that harbors more than 40 proteins in Arabidopsis. Their evolutionary conservation indicates high significance for plant cell function. While a few proteins are well-studied as part of the protein translocon complex the majority of outer envelope protein functions is unclear. Gaining a deeper functional understanding has been complicated by the lack of observable loss-of-function mutant phenotypes, which is often rooted in functional genetic redundancy. Therefore, we designed outer envelope-specific artificial micro RNAs (oemiRs) capable of downregulating transcripts from several loci simultaneously. We successfully tested oemiR function by performing a proof-of-concept screen for pale and cold-sensitive mutants. An in-depth analysis of pale mutant alleles deficient in the translocon component TOC75 using proteomics provided new insights into putative compensatory import pathways. The cold stress screen not only recapitulated 3 previously known phenotypes of cold-sensitive mutants but also identified 4 mutants of additional oemiR outer envelope loci. Altogether our study revealed a role of the outer envelope to tolerate cold conditions and showcasts the power of the oemiR collection to research the significance of outer envelope proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Schwenkert
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Wing Tung Lo
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Beata Szulc
- Plant Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Chun Kwan Yip
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Anna I Pratt
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, PO Box 644236, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA
| | | | - Benjamin Brandt
- Plant Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Dario Leister
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Hans-Henning Kunz
- Plant Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, PO Box 644236, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA
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3
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Liu HC, Chen HC, Huang TH, Lue WL, Chen J, Suen DF. Cytosolic phosphoglucose isomerase is essential for microsporogenesis and embryogenesis in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:177-198. [PMID: 36271861 PMCID: PMC9806618 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) catalyzes the interconversion of fructose-6-phosphate and glucose-6-phosphate, which impacts cell carbon metabolic flow. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) contains two nuclear PGI genes respectively encoding plastidial PGI1 and cytosolic PGI (cPGI). The loss of PGI1 impairs the conversion of F6P of the Calvin-Benson cycle to G6P for the synthesis of transitory starch in leaf chloroplasts. Since cpgi knockout mutants have not yet been obtained, they are thought to be lethal. The cpgi lethality can be rescued by expressing CaMV 35S promoter (p35S)-driven cPGI; however, the complemented line is completely sterile due to pollen degeneration. Here, we generated a cpgi mutant expressing p35S::cPGI-YFP in which YFP fluorescence in developing anthers was undetectable specifically in the tapetum and in pollen, which could be associated with male sterility. We also generated RNAi-cPGI knockdown lines with strong cPGI repression in floral buds that exhibited reduced male fertility due to the degeneration of most pollen. Histological analyses indicated that the synthesis of intersporal callose walls was impaired, causing microsporocytes to fail to separate haploid daughter nuclei to form tetrads, which might be responsible for subsequent pollen degeneration. We successfully isolated cpgi knockout mutants in the progeny of a heterozygous cpgi mutant floral-dipped with sugar solutions. The rescued cpgi mutants exhibited diminished young vegetative growth, reduced female fertility, and impaired intersporal callose wall formation in a meiocyte, and, thus, male sterility. Collectively, our data suggest that cPGI plays a vital role in carbohydrate partitioning, which is indispensable for microsporogenesis and early embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chi Liu
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chen Chen
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsiang Huang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ling Lue
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jychian Chen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Jiao J, Gao F, Liu J, Lv Z, Liu C. A structural basis for the functional differences between the cytosolic and plastid phosphoglucose isomerase isozymes. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272647. [PMID: 36048814 PMCID: PMC9436075 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) catalyzes the interconversion between glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) and fructose-6-phosphate (F6P), thereby regulating sucrose synthesis in plant cells. In general, plants contain a pair of PGI isozymes located in two distinct compartments of the cell (cytosol and plastid) with differences in both the primary structure and the higher-order structure. Previously, we showed that the activity of cytosolic PGI (PGIc) is more robust (activity, thermal stability, substrate turnover rate, etc.) than that of the plastid counterpart (PGIp) in multiple organisms, including wheat, rice, and Arabidopsis. The crystal structures of apoTaPGIc (an isotype cytosol PGIc in Triticum aestivum), TaPGIc-G6P complex, and apoTaPGIp (an isotype plastid PGIp in Triticum aestivum) were first solved in higher plants, especially in crops. In this study, we detailed the structural characteristics related to the biochemical properties and functions of TaPGIs in different plant organelles. We found that the C-terminal domains (CTDs) of TaPGIc and TaPGIp are very different, which affects the stability of the dimerized enzyme, and that Lys213TaPGIc/Lys193TaPGIp and its surrounding residues at the binding pocket gateway may participate in the entrance and exit of substrates. Our findings provide a good example illuminating the evolution of proteins from primary to higher structures as a result of physical barriers and adaptation to the biochemical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Jiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, 7th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Beijing, China
- Department of Research and development, Beijing IPE Center for Clinical Laboratory CO., Ltd, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (FG); (CL); (ZL)
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, 7th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zongyang Lv
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
- * E-mail: (FG); (CL); (ZL)
| | - Cuimin Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, 7th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (FG); (CL); (ZL)
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Fünfgeld MMFF, Wang W, Ishihara H, Arrivault S, Feil R, Smith AM, Stitt M, Lunn JE, Niittylä T. Sucrose synthases are not involved in starch synthesis in Arabidopsis leaves. NATURE PLANTS 2022; 8:574-582. [PMID: 35484201 PMCID: PMC9122829 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-022-01140-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Many plants accumulate transitory starch reserves in their leaves during the day to buffer their carbohydrate supply against fluctuating light conditions, and to provide carbon and energy for survival at night. It is universally accepted that transitory starch is synthesized from ADP-glucose (ADPG) in the chloroplasts. However, the consensus that ADPG is made in the chloroplasts by ADPG pyrophosphorylase has been challenged by a controversial proposal that ADPG is made primarily in the cytosol, probably by sucrose synthase (SUS), and then imported into the chloroplasts. To resolve this long-standing controversy, we critically re-examined the experimental evidence that appears to conflict with the consensus pathway. We show that when precautions are taken to avoid artefactual changes during leaf sampling, Arabidopsis thaliana mutants that lack SUS activity in mesophyll cells (quadruple sus1234) or have no SUS activity (sextuple sus123456) have wild-type levels of ADPG and starch, while ADPG is 20 times lower in the pgm and adg1 mutants that are blocked in the consensus chloroplastic pathway of starch synthesis. We conclude that the ADPG needed for starch synthesis in leaves is synthesized primarily by ADPG pyrophosphorylase in the chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian M F F Fünfgeld
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hirofumi Ishihara
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Regina Feil
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | | | - Mark Stitt
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - John E Lunn
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - Totte Niittylä
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå, Sweden.
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Wang Y, Chen J, Han J, Yang Z, Zhu J, Ren A, Shi L, Yu H, Zhao M. Cloning and characterization of phosphoglucose isomerase in Lentinula edodes. J Basic Microbiol 2022; 62:740-749. [PMID: 35199357 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202100598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) is a key enzyme that participates in polysaccharide synthesis, which is responsible for the interconversion of glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P) and fructose-6-phosphate (F-6-P), but there is little research focusing on its role in fungi, especially in higher basidiomycetes. The pgi gene was cloned from Lentinula edodes and named lepgi. Then, the lepgi-silenced strains were constructed by RNA interference. In this study, we found that lepgi-silenced strains had significantly less biomass than the wild-type (WT) strain. Furthermore, the extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) and intracellular polysaccharide (IPS) levels increased 1.5- to 3-fold and 1.5-fold, respectively, in lepgi-silenced strains. Moreover, the cell wall integrity in the silenced strains was also altered, which might be due to changes in the compounds and structure of the cell wall. The results showed that compared to WT, silencing lepgi led to a significant decrease of approximately 40% in the β-1,3-glucan content, and there was a significant increase of 2-3-fold in the chitin content. These findings provide support for studying the biological functions of lepgi in L. edodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Juhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jing Han
- Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Zhengyan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Ang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Liang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Hanshou Yu
- Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Mingwen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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Chen X, Börner A, Xin X, Nagel M, He J, Li J, Li N, Lu X, Yin G. Comparative Proteomics at the Critical Node of Vigor Loss in Wheat Seeds Differing in Storability. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:707184. [PMID: 34527008 PMCID: PMC8435634 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.707184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The critical node (CN, 85% germination) of seed viability is an important threshold for seed regeneration decisions after long-term conservation. Dependent on the germplasm, the storage period until CN is reached varies and information on the divergence of the proteomic profiles is limited. Therefore, the study aims to identify key proteins and mechanisms relevant for a long plateau phase and a late CN during artificial seed aging of wheat. Seeds of the storage-tolerant genotype (ST) TRI 23248, and the storage-sensitive genotype (SS) TRI 10230 were exposed to artificial ageing (AA) and extracted embryos of imbibed seeds were analyzed using an iTRAQ-based proteomic technique. ST and SS required AA for 24 and 18 days to reach the CN, respectively. Fifty-seven and 165 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) were observed in the control and aged groups, respectively. Interestingly, a higher activity in metabolic processes, protein synthesis, transcription, cell growth/division, and signal transduction were already found in imbibed embryos of control ST seeds. After AA, 132 and 64 DAPs were accumulated in imbibed embryos of both aged ST and SS seeds, respectively, which were mainly associated with cell defense, rescue, and metabolism. Moreover, 78 DAPs of ST appeared before CN and were mainly enriched in biological pathways related to the maintenance of redox and carbon homeostasis and they presented a stronger protein translation ability. In contrast, in SS, only 3 DAPs appeared before CN and were enriched only in the structural constituents of the cytoskeleton. In conclusion, a longer span of plateau phase might be obtained in seeds when proteins indicate an intense stress response before CN and include the effective maintenance of cellular homeostasis, and avoidance of excess accumulation of cytotoxic compounds. Although key proteins, inherent factors and the precise regulatory mechanisms need to be further investigated, the found proteins may also have functional potential roles during long-term seed conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuling Chen
- National Crop Genebank, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Applied Technology Research and Development Center for Sericulture and Special Local Products of Hebei Universities, Institute of Sericulture, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Andreas Börner
- Department of Genebank, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Xia Xin
- National Crop Genebank, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Manuela Nagel
- Department of Genebank, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Juanjuan He
- National Crop Genebank, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jisheng Li
- Applied Technology Research and Development Center for Sericulture and Special Local Products of Hebei Universities, Institute of Sericulture, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Na Li
- Applied Technology Research and Development Center for Sericulture and Special Local Products of Hebei Universities, Institute of Sericulture, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Xinxiong Lu
- National Crop Genebank, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guangkun Yin
- National Crop Genebank, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Mérida A, Fettke J. Starch granule initiation in Arabidopsis thaliana chloroplasts. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:688-697. [PMID: 34051021 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The initiation of starch granule formation and the mechanism controlling the number of granules per plastid have been some of the most elusive aspects of starch metabolism. This review covers the advances made in the study of these processes. The analyses presented herein depict a scenario in which starch synthase isoform 4 (SS4) provides the elongating activity necessary for the initiation of starch granule formation. However, this protein does not act alone; other polypeptides are required for the initiation of an appropriate number of starch granules per chloroplast. The functions of this group of polypeptides include providing suitable substrates (maltooligosaccharides) to SS4, the localization of the starch initiation machinery to the thylakoid membranes, and facilitating the correct folding of SS4. The number of starch granules per chloroplast is tightly regulated and depends on the developmental stage of the leaves and their metabolic status. Plastidial phosphorylase (PHS1) and other enzymes play an essential role in this process since they are necessary for the synthesis of the substrates used by the initiation machinery. The mechanism of starch granule formation initiation in Arabidopsis seems to be generalizable to other plants and also to the synthesis of long-term storage starch. The latter, however, shows specific features due to the presence of more isoforms, the absence of constantly recurring starch synthesis and degradation, and the metabolic characteristics of the storage sink organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Mérida
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis (IBVF), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Sevilla (US), Avda Américo Vespucio, 49, Sevilla, 41092, Spain
| | - Joerg Fettke
- Biopolymer Analytics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Building 20, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
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Li W, Huang L, Liu N, Pandey MK, Chen Y, Cheng L, Guo J, Yu B, Luo H, Zhou X, Huai D, Chen W, Yan L, Wang X, Lei Y, Varshney RK, Liao B, Jiang H. Key Regulators of Sucrose Metabolism Identified through Comprehensive Comparative Transcriptome Analysis in Peanuts. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147266. [PMID: 34298903 PMCID: PMC8306169 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Sucrose content is a crucial indicator of quality and flavor in peanut seed, and there is a lack of clarity on the molecular basis of sucrose metabolism in peanut seed. In this context, we performed a comprehensive comparative transcriptome study on the samples collected at seven seed development stages between a high-sucrose content variety (ICG 12625) and a low-sucrose content variety (Zhonghua 10). The transcriptome analysis identified a total of 8334 genes exhibiting significantly different abundances between the high- and low-sucrose varieties. We identified 28 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in sucrose metabolism in peanut and 12 of these encoded sugars will eventually be exported transporters (SWEETs). The remaining 16 genes encoded enzymes, such as cell wall invertase (CWIN), vacuolar invertase (VIN), cytoplasmic invertase (CIN), cytosolic fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA), cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphosphate phosphatase (FBP), sucrose synthase (SUS), cytosolic phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI), hexokinase (HK), and sucrose-phosphate phosphatase (SPP). The weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified seven genes encoding key enzymes (CIN, FBA, FBP, HK, and SPP), three SWEET genes, and 90 transcription factors (TFs) showing a high correlation with sucrose content. Furthermore, upon validation, six of these genes were successfully verified as exhibiting higher expression in high-sucrose recombinant inbred lines (RILs). Our study suggested the key roles of the high expression of SWEETs and enzymes in sucrose synthesis making the genotype ICG 12625 sucrose-rich. This study also provided insights into the molecular basis of sucrose metabolism during seed development and facilitated exploring key candidate genes and molecular breeding for sucrose content in peanuts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (W.L.); (L.H.); (N.L.); (Y.C.); (J.G.); (B.Y.); (H.L.); (X.Z.); (D.H.); (W.C.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Li Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (W.L.); (L.H.); (N.L.); (Y.C.); (J.G.); (B.Y.); (H.L.); (X.Z.); (D.H.); (W.C.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Nian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (W.L.); (L.H.); (N.L.); (Y.C.); (J.G.); (B.Y.); (H.L.); (X.Z.); (D.H.); (W.C.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Manish K. Pandey
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India; (M.K.P.); (R.K.V.)
| | - Yuning Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (W.L.); (L.H.); (N.L.); (Y.C.); (J.G.); (B.Y.); (H.L.); (X.Z.); (D.H.); (W.C.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Liangqiang Cheng
- Oil Research Institute of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Science, Guiyang 550006, China;
| | - Jianbin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (W.L.); (L.H.); (N.L.); (Y.C.); (J.G.); (B.Y.); (H.L.); (X.Z.); (D.H.); (W.C.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Bolun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (W.L.); (L.H.); (N.L.); (Y.C.); (J.G.); (B.Y.); (H.L.); (X.Z.); (D.H.); (W.C.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Huaiyong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (W.L.); (L.H.); (N.L.); (Y.C.); (J.G.); (B.Y.); (H.L.); (X.Z.); (D.H.); (W.C.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Xiaojing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (W.L.); (L.H.); (N.L.); (Y.C.); (J.G.); (B.Y.); (H.L.); (X.Z.); (D.H.); (W.C.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Dongxin Huai
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (W.L.); (L.H.); (N.L.); (Y.C.); (J.G.); (B.Y.); (H.L.); (X.Z.); (D.H.); (W.C.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Weigang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (W.L.); (L.H.); (N.L.); (Y.C.); (J.G.); (B.Y.); (H.L.); (X.Z.); (D.H.); (W.C.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Liying Yan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (W.L.); (L.H.); (N.L.); (Y.C.); (J.G.); (B.Y.); (H.L.); (X.Z.); (D.H.); (W.C.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (W.L.); (L.H.); (N.L.); (Y.C.); (J.G.); (B.Y.); (H.L.); (X.Z.); (D.H.); (W.C.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Yong Lei
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (W.L.); (L.H.); (N.L.); (Y.C.); (J.G.); (B.Y.); (H.L.); (X.Z.); (D.H.); (W.C.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Rajeev K. Varshney
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India; (M.K.P.); (R.K.V.)
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Australia
| | - Boshou Liao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (W.L.); (L.H.); (N.L.); (Y.C.); (J.G.); (B.Y.); (H.L.); (X.Z.); (D.H.); (W.C.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Huifang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (W.L.); (L.H.); (N.L.); (Y.C.); (J.G.); (B.Y.); (H.L.); (X.Z.); (D.H.); (W.C.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (Y.L.); (B.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-27-8671-1550; Fax: +86-27-8681-6451
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10
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Gao F, Zhang H, Zhang W, Wang N, Zhang S, Chu C, Liu C. Engineering of the cytosolic form of phosphoglucose isomerase into chloroplasts improves plant photosynthesis and biomass. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:315-325. [PMID: 33774822 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Starch is the most abundant carbohydrate synthesized in plant chloroplast as the product of photosynthetic carbon assimilation, serving a crucial role in the carbon budget as storage energy. Phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) catalyzes the interconversion between glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) and fructose 6-phosphate (F6P), which are important metabolic molecules in starch synthesis within chloroplasts and sucrose synthesis in cytosol. Here, we found that the specific activity of recombinantly purified PGI localized in cytosolic PGI (PGIc) was much higher than its plastidic isoenzyme counterpart (PGIp) originated from wheat, rice and Arabidopsis, with wheat PGIc having by far the highest activity. Crystal structures of wheat TaPGIc and TaPGIp proteins were solved and the functional units were homodimers. The active sites of PGIc and PGIp, constituted by the same amino acids, formed different binding pockets. Moreover, PGIc showed slightly lower affinity to the substrate F6P but with much faster turnover rates. Engineering of TaPGIc into chloroplasts of a pgip mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana (atpgip) resulted in starch overaccumulation, increased CO2 assimilation, up to 19% more plant biomass and 27% seed yield productivity. These results show that manipulating starch metabolic pathways in chloroplasts can improve plant biomass and yield productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Huijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shijia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Chengcai Chu
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Cuimin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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11
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Höhner R, Day PM, Zimmermann SE, Lopez LS, Krämer M, Giavalisco P, Correa Galvis V, Armbruster U, Schöttler MA, Jahns P, Krueger S, Kunz HH. Stromal NADH supplied by PHOSPHOGLYCERATE DEHYDROGENASE3 is crucial for photosynthetic performance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:142-167. [PMID: 33779763 PMCID: PMC8154072 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
During photosynthesis, electrons travel from light-excited chlorophyll molecules along the electron transport chain to the final electron acceptor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) to form NADPH, which fuels the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle (CBBC). To allow photosynthetic reactions to occur flawlessly, a constant resupply of the acceptor NADP is mandatory. Several known stromal mechanisms aid in balancing the redox poise, but none of them utilizes the structurally highly similar coenzyme NAD(H). Using Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) as a C3-model, we describe a pathway that employs the stromal enzyme PHOSPHOGLYCERATE DEHYDROGENASE 3 (PGDH3). We showed that PGDH3 exerts high NAD(H)-specificity and is active in photosynthesizing chloroplasts. PGDH3 withdrew its substrate 3-PGA directly from the CBBC. As a result, electrons become diverted from NADPH via the CBBC into the separate NADH redox pool. pgdh3 loss-of-function mutants revealed an overreduced NADP(H) redox pool but a more oxidized plastid NAD(H) pool compared to wild-type plants. As a result, photosystem I acceptor side limitation increased in pgdh3. Furthermore, pgdh3 plants displayed delayed CBBC activation, changes in nonphotochemical quenching, and altered proton motive force partitioning. Our fluctuating light-stress phenotyping data showed progressing photosystem II damage in pgdh3 mutants, emphasizing the significance of PGDH3 for plant performance under natural light environments. In summary, this study reveals an NAD(H)-specific mechanism in the stroma that aids in balancing the chloroplast redox poise. Consequently, the stromal NAD(H) pool may provide a promising target to manipulate plant photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricarda Höhner
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA
| | - Philip M Day
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA
| | - Sandra E Zimmermann
- Biocenter University of Cologne, Institute for Plant Science, Cologne 50674, Germany
| | - Laura S Lopez
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA
| | - Moritz Krämer
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA
| | | | - Viviana Correa Galvis
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Ute Armbruster
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Mark Aurel Schöttler
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Peter Jahns
- Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf D-40225, Germany
| | - Stephan Krueger
- Biocenter University of Cologne, Institute for Plant Science, Cologne 50674, Germany
| | - Hans-Henning Kunz
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA
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12
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Chen P, Liu P, Zhang Q, Bu C, Lu C, Srivastava S, Zhang D, Song Y. Gene Coexpression Network Analysis Indicates that Hub Genes Related to Photosynthesis and Starch Synthesis Modulate Salt Stress Tolerance in Ulmus pumila. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4410. [PMID: 33922506 PMCID: PMC8122946 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulmus pumila L. is an excellent afforestation and biofuel tree that produces high-quality wood, rich in starch. In addition, U. pumila is highly adaptable to adverse environmental conditions, which is conducive to its utilization for vegetating saline soils. However, little is known about the physiological responses and transcriptional regulatory network of U. pumila under salt stress. In this study, we exposed five main cultivars in saline-alkali land (Upu2, 5, 8, 11, and 12) to NaCl stress. Of the five cultivars assessed, Upu11 exhibited the highest salt resistance. Growth and biomass accumulation in Upu11 were promoted under low salt concentrations (<150 mM). However, after 3 months of continuous treatment with 150 mM NaCl, growth was inhibited, and photosynthesis declined. A transcriptome analysis conducted after 3 months of treatment detected 7009 differentially expressed unigenes (DEGs). The gene annotation indicated that these DEGs were mainly related to photosynthesis and carbon metabolism. Furthermore, PHOTOSYNTHETIC ELECTRON TRANSFERH (UpPETH), an important electron transporter in the photosynthetic electron transport chain, and UpWAXY, a key gene controlling amylose synthesis in the starch synthesis pathway, were identified as hub genes in the gene coexpression network. We identified 25 and 62 unigenes that may interact with PETH and WAXY, respectively. Overexpression of UpPETH and UpWAXY significantly increased the survival rates, net photosynthetic rates, biomass, and starch content of transgenic Arabidopsis plants under salt stress. Our findings clarify the physiological and transcriptional regulators that promote or inhibit growth under environmental stress. The identification of salt-responsive hub genes directly responsible for photosynthesis and starch synthesis or metabolism will provide targets for future genetic improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panfei Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (P.C.); (P.L.); (C.B.); (C.L.); (S.S.); (D.Z.)
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (P.C.); (P.L.); (C.B.); (C.L.); (S.S.); (D.Z.)
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Quanfeng Zhang
- Hebei Academy of Forestry and Grassland Sicences, No. 75, Xuefu Road, Shijiazhuang 050061, China;
| | - Chenhao Bu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (P.C.); (P.L.); (C.B.); (C.L.); (S.S.); (D.Z.)
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chunhao Lu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (P.C.); (P.L.); (C.B.); (C.L.); (S.S.); (D.Z.)
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Sudhakar Srivastava
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (P.C.); (P.L.); (C.B.); (C.L.); (S.S.); (D.Z.)
| | - Deqiang Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (P.C.); (P.L.); (C.B.); (C.L.); (S.S.); (D.Z.)
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuepeng Song
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (P.C.); (P.L.); (C.B.); (C.L.); (S.S.); (D.Z.)
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
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13
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Zamani-Nour S, Lin HC, Walker BJ, Mettler-Altmann T, Khoshravesh R, Karki S, Bagunu E, Sage TL, Quick WP, Weber APM. Overexpression of the chloroplastic 2-oxoglutarate/malate transporter disturbs carbon and nitrogen homeostasis in rice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:137-152. [PMID: 32710115 PMCID: PMC7816853 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The chloroplastic 2-oxaloacetate (OAA)/malate transporter (OMT1 or DiT1) takes part in the malate valve that protects chloroplasts from excessive redox poise through export of malate and import of OAA. Together with the glutamate/malate transporter (DCT1 or DiT2), it connects carbon with nitrogen assimilation, by providing 2-oxoglutarate for the GS/GOGAT (glutamine synthetase/glutamate synthase) reaction and exporting glutamate to the cytoplasm. OMT1 further plays a prominent role in C4 photosynthesis: OAA resulting from phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylation is imported into the chloroplast, reduced to malate by plastidic NADP-malate dehydrogenase, and then exported for transport to bundle sheath cells. Both transport steps are catalyzed by OMT1, at the rate of net carbon assimilation. To engineer C4 photosynthesis into C3 crops, OMT1 must be expressed in high amounts on top of core C4 metabolic enzymes. We report here high-level expression of ZmOMT1 from maize in rice (Oryza sativa ssp. indica IR64). Increased activity of the transporter in transgenic rice was confirmed by reconstitution of transporter activity into proteoliposomes. Unexpectedly, overexpression of ZmOMT1 in rice negatively affected growth, CO2 assimilation rate, total free amino acid content, tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites, as well as sucrose and starch contents. Accumulation of high amounts of aspartate and the impaired growth phenotype of OMT1 rice lines could be suppressed by simultaneous overexpression of ZmDiT2. Implications for engineering C4 rice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Zamani-Nour
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hsiang-Chun Lin
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Berkley J Walker
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tabea Mettler-Altmann
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Roxana Khoshravesh
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shanta Karki
- National Center for Fruit Development, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Efren Bagunu
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Tammy L Sage
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - W Paul Quick
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Andreas P M Weber
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Correspondence:
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14
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Kitashova A, Schneider K, Fürtauer L, Schröder L, Scheibenbogen T, Fürtauer S, Nägele T. Impaired chloroplast positioning affects photosynthetic capacity and regulation of the central carbohydrate metabolism during cold acclimation. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 147:49-60. [PMID: 33211260 PMCID: PMC7728637 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00795-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism of higher plants need to be tightly regulated to prevent tissue damage during environmental changes. The intracellular position of chloroplasts changes due to a changing light regime. Chloroplast avoidance and accumulation response under high and low light, respectively, are well known phenomena, and deficiency of chloroplast movement has been shown to result in photodamage and reduced biomass accumulation. Yet, effects of chloroplast positioning on underlying metabolic regulation are less well understood. Here, we analysed photosynthesis together with metabolites and enzyme activities of the central carbohydrate metabolism during cold acclimation of the chloroplast unusual positioning 1 (chup1) mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana. We compared cold acclimation under ambient and low light and found that maximum quantum yield of PSII was significantly lower in chup1 than in Col-0 under both conditions. Our findings indicated that net CO2 assimilation in chup1 is rather limited by biochemistry than by photochemistry. Further, cold-induced dynamics of sucrose phosphate synthase differed significantly between both genotypes. Together with a reduced rate of sucrose cycling derived from kinetic model simulations our study provides evidence for a central role of chloroplast positioning for photosynthetic and metabolic acclimation to low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Kitashova
- Department Biology I, Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology, LMU München, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Katja Schneider
- Department Biology I, Plant Development, LMU München, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Lisa Fürtauer
- Department Biology I, Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology, LMU München, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Laura Schröder
- Department Biology I, Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology, LMU München, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Tim Scheibenbogen
- Department Biology I, Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology, LMU München, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Siegfried Fürtauer
- Department Biology I, Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology, LMU München, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Nägele
- Department Biology I, Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology, LMU München, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
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15
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Pratt AI, Knoblauch J, Kunz HH. An updated pGREEN-based vector suite for cost-effective cloning in plant molecular biology. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2020; 2020. [PMID: 33274321 PMCID: PMC7704251 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna I Pratt
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, PO Box 644236, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA
| | - Jan Knoblauch
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, PO Box 644236, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA
| | - Hans-Henning Kunz
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, PO Box 644236, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA.,Biozentrum der LMU München Dept. Biologie I - Botanik Großhadernerstr. 2-4 D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried Germany
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16
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López-González C, Juárez-Colunga S, Morales-Elías NC, Tiessen A. Exploring regulatory networks in plants: transcription factors of starch metabolism. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6841. [PMID: 31328026 PMCID: PMC6625501 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological networks are complex (non-linear), redundant (cyclic) and compartmentalized at the subcellular level. Rational manipulation of plant metabolism may have failed due to inherent difficulties of a comprehensive understanding of regulatory loops. We first need to identify key factors controlling the regulatory loops of primary metabolism. The paradigms of plant networks are revised in order to highlight the differences between metabolic and transcriptional networks. Comparison between animal and plant transcription factors (TFs) reveal some important differences. Plant transcriptional networks function at a lower hierarchy compared to animal regulatory networks. Plant genomes contain more TFs than animal genomes, but plant proteins are smaller and have less domains as animal proteins which are often multifunctional. We briefly summarize mutant analysis and co-expression results pinpointing some TFs regulating starch enzymes in plants. Detailed information is provided about biochemical reactions, TFs and cis regulatory motifs involved in sucrose-starch metabolism, in both source and sink tissues. Examples about coordinated responses to hormones and environmental cues in different tissues and species are listed. Further advancements require combined data from single-cell transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches. Cell fractionation and subcellular inspection may provide valuable insights. We propose that shuffling of promoter elements might be a promising strategy to improve in the near future starch content, crop yield or food quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Axel Tiessen
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, CINVESTAV Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato, México.,Laboratorio Nacional PlanTECC, Irapuato, México
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17
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Höhner R, Galvis VC, Strand DD, Völkner C, Krämer M, Messer M, Dinc F, Sjuts I, Bölter B, Kramer DM, Armbruster U, Kunz HH. Photosynthesis in Arabidopsis Is Unaffected by the Function of the Vacuolar K + Channel TPK3. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 180:1322-1335. [PMID: 31053658 PMCID: PMC6752931 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is limited by the slow relaxation of nonphotochemical quenching, which primarily dissipates excess absorbed light energy as heat. Because the heat dissipation process is proportional to light-driven thylakoid lumen acidification, manipulating thylakoid ion and proton flux via transport proteins could improve photosynthesis. However, an important aspect of the current understanding of the thylakoid ion transportome is inaccurate. Using fluorescent protein fusions, we show that the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) two-pore K+ channel TPK3, which had been reported to mediate thylakoid K+ flux, localizes to the tonoplast, not the thylakoid. The localization of TPK3 outside of the thylakoids is further supported by the absence of TPK3 in isolated thylakoids as well as the inability of isolated chloroplasts to import TPK3 protein. In line with the subcellular localization of TPK3 in the vacuole, we observed that photosynthesis in the Arabidopsis null mutant tpk3-1, which carries a transfer DNA insertion in the first exon, remains unaffected. To gain a comprehensive understanding of how thylakoid ion flux impacts photosynthetic efficiency under dynamic growth light regimes, we performed long-term photosynthesis imaging of established and newly isolated transthylakoid K+- and Cl--flux mutants. Our results underpin the importance of the thylakoid ion transport proteins potassium cation efflux antiporter KEA3 and voltage-dependent chloride channel VCCN1 and suggest that the activity of yet unknown K+ channel(s), but not TPK3, is critical for optimal photosynthesis in dynamic light environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricarda Höhner
- Plant Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4236
| | - Viviana Correa Galvis
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Deserah D Strand
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Carsten Völkner
- Plant Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4236
| | - Moritz Krämer
- Plant Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4236
| | - Michaela Messer
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Firdevs Dinc
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Inga Sjuts
- Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Department I, Plant Biochemistry, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Bettina Bölter
- Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Department I, Plant Biochemistry, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - David M Kramer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Ute Armbruster
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Hans-Henning Kunz
- Plant Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4236
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Plastidic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases are regulated to maintain activity in the light. Biochem J 2019; 476:1539-1551. [PMID: 31092702 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) can initiate the glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) shunt around the Calvin-Benson cycle. To understand the regulation of flux through this pathway, we have characterized the biochemical parameters and redox regulation of the three functional plastidic isoforms of Arabidopsis G6PDH. When purified, recombinant proteins were measured, all three exhibited significant substrate inhibition by G6P but not NADP+, making the determination of enzyme kinetic parameters complex. We found that the half-saturation concentration of G6PDH isoform 1 is increased under reducing conditions. The other two isoforms exhibit less redox regulation, however, isoform 2 is strongly inhibited by NADPH. Redox regulation of G6PDH1 can be partially reversed by hydrogen peroxide or protected against by the presence of its substrate, G6P. Overall, our results support the conclusion that G6PDH can have significant activity throughout the day and can be dynamically regulated to allow or prevent flux through the glucose-6-phosphate shunt.
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Schmid LM, Ohler L, Möhlmann T, Brachmann A, Muiño JM, Leister D, Meurer J, Manavski N. PUMPKIN, the Sole Plastid UMP Kinase, Associates with Group II Introns and Alters Their Metabolism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 179:248-264. [PMID: 30409856 PMCID: PMC6324238 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The chloroplast hosts photosynthesis and a variety of metabolic pathways that are essential for plant viability and acclimation processes. In this study, we show that the sole plastid UMP kinase (PUMPKIN) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) associates specifically with the introns of the plastid transcripts trnG-UCC, trnV-UAC, petB, petD, and ndhA in vivo, as revealed by RNA immunoprecipitation coupled with deep sequencing (RIP-Seq); and that PUMPKIN can bind RNA efficiently in vitro. Analyses of target transcripts showed that PUMPKIN affects their metabolism. Null alleles and knockdowns of pumpkin were viable but clearly affected in growth, plastid translation, and photosynthetic performance. In pumpkin mutants, the levels of many plastid transcripts were reduced, while the amounts of others were increased, as revealed by RNA-Seq analysis. PUMPKIN is a homomultimeric, plastid-localized protein that forms in vivo RNA-containing megadalton-sized complexes and catalyzes the ATP-dependent conversion of UMP to UDP in vitro with properties characteristic of known essential eubacterial UMP kinases. A moonlighting function of PUMPKIN combining RNA and pyrimidine metabolism is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa-Marie Schmid
- Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhaderner Street 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Lisa Ohler
- Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin Schrödinger Street, 67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Torsten Möhlmann
- Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin Schrödinger Street, 67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Andreas Brachmann
- Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhaderner Street 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jose M Muiño
- Humboldt University, Faculty of Life Science, Philipp Street 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dario Leister
- Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhaderner Street 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jörg Meurer
- Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhaderner Street 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Nikolay Manavski
- Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Großhaderner Street 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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20
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Hilgers EJA, Schöttler MA, Mettler-Altmann T, Krueger S, Dörmann P, Eicks M, Flügge UI, Häusler RE. The Combined Loss of Triose Phosphate and Xylulose 5-Phosphate/Phosphate Translocators Leads to Severe Growth Retardation and Impaired Photosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana tpt/xpt Double Mutants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1331. [PMID: 30333839 PMCID: PMC6175978 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The xylulose 5-phosphate/phosphate translocator (XPT) represents the fourth functional member of the phosphate translocator (PT) family residing in the plastid inner envelope membrane. In contrast to the other three members, little is known on the physiological role of the XPT. Based on its major transport substrates (i.e., pentose phosphates) the XPT has been proposed to act as a link between the plastidial and extraplastidial branches of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP). As the XPT is also capable of transporting triose phosphates, it might as well support the triose phosphate PT (TPT) in exporting photoassimilates from the chloroplast in the light ('day path of carbon') and hence in supplying the whole plant with carbohydrates. Two independent knockout mutant alleles of the XPT (xpt-1 and xpt-2) lacked any specific phenotype, suggesting that the XPT function is redundant. However, double mutants generated from crossings of xpt-1 to different mutant alleles of the TPT (tpt-1 and tpt-2) were severely retarded in size, exhibited a high chlorophyll fluorescence phenotype, and impaired photosynthetic electron transport rates. In the double mutant the export of triose phosphates from the chloroplasts is completely blocked. Hence, precursors for sucrose biosynthesis derive entirely from starch turnover ('night path of carbon'), which was accompanied by a marked accumulation of maltose as a starch breakdown product. Moreover, pentose phosphates produced by the extraplastidial branch of the OPPP also accumulated in the double mutants. Thus, an active XPT indeed retrieves excessive pentose phosphates from the extra-plastidial space and makes them available to the plastids. Further metabolic profiling revealed that phosphorylated intermediates remained largely unaffected, whereas fumarate and glycine contents were diminished in the double mutants. The assessment of C/N-ratios suggested co-limitations of C- and N-metabolism as possible cause for growth retardation of the double mutants. Feeding of sucrose partially rescued the growth and photosynthesis phenotypes of the double mutants. Immunoblots of thylakoid proteins, spectroscopic determinations of photosynthesis complexes, and chlorophyll a fluorescence emission spectra at 77 Kelvin could only partially explain constrains in photosynthesis observed in the double mutants. The data are discussed together with aspects of the OPPP and central carbon metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke J. A. Hilgers
- Department of Biology, Cologne Biocenter, Botanical Institute II and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | - Stephan Krueger
- Department of Biology, Cologne Biocenter, Botanical Institute II and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Dörmann
- Molecular Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Ulf-Ingo Flügge
- Department of Biology, Cologne Biocenter, Botanical Institute II and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rainer E. Häusler
- Department of Biology, Cologne Biocenter, Botanical Institute II and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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21
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Daumann M, Hickl D, Zimmer D, DeTar RA, Kunz HH, Möhlmann T. Characterization of filament-forming CTP synthases from Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 96:316-328. [PMID: 30030857 PMCID: PMC6821390 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cytidine triphosphate (CTP) is essential for DNA, RNA and phospholipid biosynthesis. De novo synthesis is catalyzed by CTP synthases (CTPS). Arabidopsis encodes five CTPS isoforms that unanimously share conserved motifs found across kingdoms, suggesting all five are functional enzymes. Whereas CTPS1-4 are expressed throughout Arabidopsis tissues, CTPS5 reveals exclusive expression in developing embryos. CTPS activity and substrates affinities were determined for a representative plant enzyme on purified recombinant CTPS3 protein. As demonstrated in model organisms such as yeast, fruit fly and mammals, CTPS show the capacity to assemble into large filaments called cytoophidia. Transient expression of N- and C-terminal YFP-CTPS fusion proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana allowed to monitor such filament formation. Interestingly, CTPS1 and 2 always appeared as soluble proteins, whereas filaments were observed for CTPS3, 4 and 5 independent of the YFP-tag location. However, when similar constructs were expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, no filaments were observed, pointing to a requirement for organism-specific factors in vivo. Indications for filament assembly were also obtained in vitro when recombinant CTPS3 protein was incubated in the presence of CTP. T-DNA-insertion mutants in four CTPS loci revealed no apparent phenotypical alteration. In contrast, CTPS2 T-DNA-insertion mutants did not produce homozygous progenies. An initial characterization of the CTPS protein family members from Arabidopsis is presented. We provide evidence for their involvement in nucleotide de novo synthesis and show that only three of the five CTPS isoforms were able to form filamentous structures in the transient tobacco expression system. This represents a striking difference from previous observations in prokaryotes, yeast, Drosophila and mammalian cells. This finding will be highly valuable to further understand the role of filament formation to regulate CTPS activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Daumann
- Pflanzenphysiologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrodinger-Straße, D-67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany, and
| | - Daniel Hickl
- Pflanzenphysiologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrodinger-Straße, D-67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany, and
| | - David Zimmer
- Pflanzenphysiologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrodinger-Straße, D-67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany, and
| | - Rachael A. DeTar
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, PO Box 644236, Pullman, WA, 99164-4236, USA
| | - Hans-Henning Kunz
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, PO Box 644236, Pullman, WA, 99164-4236, USA
| | - Torsten Möhlmann
- Pflanzenphysiologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrodinger-Straße, D-67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany, and
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22
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Aguirre M, Kiegle E, Leo G, Ezquer I. Carbohydrate reserves and seed development: an overview. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2018; 31:263-290. [PMID: 29728792 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-018-0336-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Seeds are one of the most important food sources, providing humans and animals with essential nutrients. These nutrients include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins and minerals. Carbohydrates are one of the main energy sources for both plant and animal cells and play a fundamental role in seed development, human nutrition and the food industry. Many studies have focused on the molecular pathways that control carbohydrate flow during seed development in monocot and dicot species. For this reason, an overview of seed biodiversity focused on the multiple metabolic and physiological mechanisms that govern seed carbohydrate storage function in the plant kingdom is required. A large number of mutants affecting carbohydrate metabolism, which display defective seed development, are currently available for many plant species. The physiological, biochemical and biomolecular study of such mutants has led researchers to understand better how metabolism of carbohydrates works in plants and the critical role that these carbohydrates, and especially starch, play during seed development. In this review, we summarize and analyze the newest findings related to carbohydrate metabolism's effects on seed development, pointing out key regulatory genes and enzymes that influence seed sugar import and metabolism. Our review also aims to provide guidelines for future research in the field and in this way to assist seed quality optimization by targeted genetic engineering and classical breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Aguirre
- Dipartimento di BioScienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
- FNWI, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edward Kiegle
- Dipartimento di BioScienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Leo
- Dipartimento di BioScienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Ignacio Ezquer
- Dipartimento di BioScienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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23
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Putative model based on iTRAQ proteomics for Spirulina morphogenesis mechanisms. J Proteomics 2018; 171:73-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Schmitz J, Dittmar IC, Brockmann JD, Schmidt M, Hüdig M, Rossoni AW, Maurino VG. Defense against Reactive Carbonyl Species Involves at Least Three Subcellular Compartments Where Individual Components of the System Respond to Cellular Sugar Status. THE PLANT CELL 2017; 29:3234-3254. [PMID: 29150548 PMCID: PMC5757266 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.17.00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MGO) and glyoxal (GO) are toxic reactive carbonyl species generated as by-products of glycolysis. The pre-emption pathway for detoxification of these products, the glyoxalase (GLX) system, involves two consecutive reactions catalyzed by GLXI and GLXII. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the GLX system is encoded by three homologs of GLXI and three homologs of GLXII, from which several predicted GLXI and GLXII isoforms can be derived through alternative splicing. We identified the physiologically relevant splice forms using sequencing data and demonstrated that the resulting isoforms have different subcellular localizations. All three GLXI homologs are functional in vivo, as they complemented a yeast GLXI loss-of-function mutant. Efficient MGO and GO detoxification can be controlled by a switch in metal cofactor usage. MGO formation is closely connected to the flux through glycolysis and through the Calvin Benson cycle; accordingly, expression analysis indicated that GLXI is transcriptionally regulated by endogenous sugar levels. Analyses of Arabidopsis loss-of-function lines revealed that the elimination of toxic reactive carbonyl species during germination and seedling establishment depends on the activity of the cytosolic GLXI;3 isoform. The Arabidopsis GLX system involves the cytosol, chloroplasts, and mitochondria, which harbor individual components that might be used at specific developmental stages and respond differentially to cellular sugar status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Schmitz
- Institute of Developmental and Molecular Biology of Plants, Plant Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology Group, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Isabell C Dittmar
- Institute of Developmental and Molecular Biology of Plants, Plant Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology Group, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jörn D Brockmann
- Institute of Developmental and Molecular Biology of Plants, Plant Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology Group, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marc Schmidt
- Institute of Developmental and Molecular Biology of Plants, Plant Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology Group, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Meike Hüdig
- Institute of Developmental and Molecular Biology of Plants, Plant Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology Group, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alessandro W Rossoni
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Veronica G Maurino
- Institute of Developmental and Molecular Biology of Plants, Plant Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology Group, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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25
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Chao J, Yang S, Chen Y, Tian WM. Transcript Profiling of Hevea brasiliensis during Latex Flow. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1904. [PMID: 29163621 PMCID: PMC5682034 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Latex exploitation enhances latex regeneration in rubber trees. The latex exploitation-caused latex flow lasts from 10 min to a few hours, which is convenient for exploring the transcript profiling of latex metabolism-related genes at the different stages of latex flow. In the present study, the expression pattern of 62 latex metabolism-related genes involved in water transportation, carbohydrate metabolism, natural rubber biosynthesis, hormone signaling, ROS generation and scavenging, and latex coagulum across three stages of latex flow between rubber tree clones CATAS7-33-97 and CATAS8-79 were comparatively analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. The two clones show differences in latex regeneration and have a different duration of latex flow. The results showed that the expression levels of 38 genes were significantly higher in CATAS8-79 latex than in CATAS7-33-97 during latex regeneration, while 45 genes had a notably higher expression level in CATAS8-79 latex during latex flow. Together with the activation of the MEP pathway and jasmonate pathway in CATAS8-79 latex, HbPIP1;3, HbPIP1;4, HbSUT3, HbSus3, HbHMGS1-2, HbMK should contribute to the high latex regeneration ability. The up-regulation of ethylene signaling and Hb44KD and the down-regulation of latex coagulation-related genes in CATAS8-79 latex might contribute to its longer latex flow duration. This study provides some cues for revealing the regulation of latex metabolism in rubber trees.
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26
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Fusari CM, Kooke R, Lauxmann MA, Annunziata MG, Enke B, Hoehne M, Krohn N, Becker FFM, Schlereth A, Sulpice R, Stitt M, Keurentjes JJB. Genome-Wide Association Mapping Reveals That Specific and Pleiotropic Regulatory Mechanisms Fine-Tune Central Metabolism and Growth in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2017; 29:2349-2373. [PMID: 28954812 PMCID: PMC5774568 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.17.00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Central metabolism is a coordinated network that is regulated at multiple levels by resource availability and by environmental and developmental cues. Its genetic architecture has been investigated by mapping metabolite quantitative trait loci (QTL). A more direct approach is to identify enzyme activity QTL, which distinguishes between cis-QTL in structural genes encoding enzymes and regulatory trans-QTL. Using genome-wide association studies, we mapped QTL for 24 enzyme activities, nine metabolites, three structural components, and biomass in Arabidopsis thaliana We detected strong cis-QTL for five enzyme activities. A cis-QTL for UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase activity in the UGP1 promoter is maintained through balancing selection. Variation in acid invertase activity reflects multiple evolutionary events in the promoter and coding region of VAC-INVcis-QTL were also detected for ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, fumarase, and phosphoglucose isomerase activity. We detected many trans-QTL, including transcription factors, E3 ligases, protein targeting components, and protein kinases, and validated some by knockout analysis. trans-QTL are more frequent but tend to have smaller individual effects than cis-QTL. We detected many colocalized QTL, including a multitrait QTL on chromosome 4 that affects six enzyme activities, three metabolites, protein, and biomass. These traits are coordinately modified by different ACCELERATED CELL DEATH6 alleles, revealing a trade-off between metabolism and defense against biotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina M Fusari
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Rik Kooke
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Centre for Biosystems Genomics, Wageningen Campus, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin A Lauxmann
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | | | - Beatrice Enke
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Melanie Hoehne
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Nicole Krohn
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Frank F M Becker
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Armin Schlereth
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ronan Sulpice
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Mark Stitt
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Joost J B Keurentjes
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Centre for Biosystems Genomics, Wageningen Campus, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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27
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Krishnamurthy P, Kim JA, Jeong MJ, Nou IS, Lee SI. Gene loss/retention and evolutionary pattern of ascorbic acid biosynthesis and recycling genes in Brassica rapa following whole genome triplication. Genes Genomics 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-016-0455-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Du D, Gao X, Geng J, Li Q, Li L, Lv Q, Li X. Identification of Key Proteins and Networks Related to Grain Development in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by Comparative Transcription and Proteomic Analysis of Allelic Variants in TaGW2-6A. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:922. [PMID: 27446152 PMCID: PMC4923154 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In wheat, coding region allelic variants of TaGW2-6A are closely associated with grain width and weight, but the genetic mechanisms involved remain unclear. Thus, to obtain insights into the key functions regulated by TaGW2-6A during wheat grain development, we performed transcriptional and proteomic analyses of TaGW2-6A allelic variants. The transcription results showed that the TaGW2-6A allelic variants differed significantly by several orders of magnitude. Each allelic variant of TaGW2-6A reached its first transcription peak at 6 days after anthesis (DAA), but the insertion type TaGW2-6A allelic variant reached its second peak earlier than the normal type, i.e., at 12 DAA rather than 20 DAA. In total, we identified 228 differentially accumulated protein spots representing 138 unique proteins by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and tandem MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS in these three stages. Based on the results, we found some key proteins that are closely related to wheat grain development. The results of this analysis improve our understanding of the genetic mechanisms related to TaGW2-6A during wheat grain development as well as providing insights into the biological processes involved in seed formation.
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29
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Kooke R, Kruijer W, Bours R, Becker F, Kuhn A, van de Geest H, Buntjer J, Doeswijk T, Guerra J, Bouwmeester H, Vreugdenhil D, Keurentjes JJB. Genome-Wide Association Mapping and Genomic Prediction Elucidate the Genetic Architecture of Morphological Traits in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 170:2187-203. [PMID: 26869705 PMCID: PMC4825126 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative traits in plants are controlled by a large number of genes and their interaction with the environment. To disentangle the genetic architecture of such traits, natural variation within species can be explored by studying genotype-phenotype relationships. Genome-wide association studies that link phenotypes to thousands of single nucleotide polymorphism markers are nowadays common practice for such analyses. In many cases, however, the identified individual loci cannot fully explain the heritability estimates, suggesting missing heritability. We analyzed 349 Arabidopsis accessions and found extensive variation and high heritabilities for different morphological traits. The number of significant genome-wide associations was, however, very low. The application of genomic prediction models that take into account the effects of all individual loci may greatly enhance the elucidation of the genetic architecture of quantitative traits in plants. Here, genomic prediction models revealed different genetic architectures for the morphological traits. Integrating genomic prediction and association mapping enabled the assignment of many plausible candidate genes explaining the observed variation. These genes were analyzed for functional and sequence diversity, and good indications that natural allelic variation in many of these genes contributes to phenotypic variation were obtained. For ACS11, an ethylene biosynthesis gene, haplotype differences explaining variation in the ratio of petiole and leaf length could be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rik Kooke
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., R.B., A.K., H.B., D.V.); Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., F.B., J.J.B.K.); Centre for Biosystems Genomics, Wageningen Campus, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., H.v.d.G., D.V., J.J.B.K); Biometris, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (W.K.); PRI Bioinformatics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (H.v.d.G.); and Keygene, Agro Business Park 90, 6708 PW Wageningen, the Netherlands (J.B., T.D., J.G.)
| | - Willem Kruijer
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., R.B., A.K., H.B., D.V.); Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., F.B., J.J.B.K.); Centre for Biosystems Genomics, Wageningen Campus, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., H.v.d.G., D.V., J.J.B.K); Biometris, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (W.K.); PRI Bioinformatics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (H.v.d.G.); and Keygene, Agro Business Park 90, 6708 PW Wageningen, the Netherlands (J.B., T.D., J.G.)
| | - Ralph Bours
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., R.B., A.K., H.B., D.V.); Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., F.B., J.J.B.K.); Centre for Biosystems Genomics, Wageningen Campus, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., H.v.d.G., D.V., J.J.B.K); Biometris, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (W.K.); PRI Bioinformatics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (H.v.d.G.); and Keygene, Agro Business Park 90, 6708 PW Wageningen, the Netherlands (J.B., T.D., J.G.)
| | - Frank Becker
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., R.B., A.K., H.B., D.V.); Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., F.B., J.J.B.K.); Centre for Biosystems Genomics, Wageningen Campus, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., H.v.d.G., D.V., J.J.B.K); Biometris, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (W.K.); PRI Bioinformatics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (H.v.d.G.); and Keygene, Agro Business Park 90, 6708 PW Wageningen, the Netherlands (J.B., T.D., J.G.)
| | - André Kuhn
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., R.B., A.K., H.B., D.V.); Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., F.B., J.J.B.K.); Centre for Biosystems Genomics, Wageningen Campus, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., H.v.d.G., D.V., J.J.B.K); Biometris, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (W.K.); PRI Bioinformatics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (H.v.d.G.); and Keygene, Agro Business Park 90, 6708 PW Wageningen, the Netherlands (J.B., T.D., J.G.)
| | - Henri van de Geest
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., R.B., A.K., H.B., D.V.); Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., F.B., J.J.B.K.); Centre for Biosystems Genomics, Wageningen Campus, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., H.v.d.G., D.V., J.J.B.K); Biometris, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (W.K.); PRI Bioinformatics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (H.v.d.G.); and Keygene, Agro Business Park 90, 6708 PW Wageningen, the Netherlands (J.B., T.D., J.G.)
| | - Jaap Buntjer
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., R.B., A.K., H.B., D.V.); Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., F.B., J.J.B.K.); Centre for Biosystems Genomics, Wageningen Campus, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., H.v.d.G., D.V., J.J.B.K); Biometris, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (W.K.); PRI Bioinformatics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (H.v.d.G.); and Keygene, Agro Business Park 90, 6708 PW Wageningen, the Netherlands (J.B., T.D., J.G.)
| | - Timo Doeswijk
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., R.B., A.K., H.B., D.V.); Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., F.B., J.J.B.K.); Centre for Biosystems Genomics, Wageningen Campus, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., H.v.d.G., D.V., J.J.B.K); Biometris, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (W.K.); PRI Bioinformatics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (H.v.d.G.); and Keygene, Agro Business Park 90, 6708 PW Wageningen, the Netherlands (J.B., T.D., J.G.)
| | - José Guerra
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., R.B., A.K., H.B., D.V.); Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., F.B., J.J.B.K.); Centre for Biosystems Genomics, Wageningen Campus, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., H.v.d.G., D.V., J.J.B.K); Biometris, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (W.K.); PRI Bioinformatics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (H.v.d.G.); and Keygene, Agro Business Park 90, 6708 PW Wageningen, the Netherlands (J.B., T.D., J.G.)
| | - Harro Bouwmeester
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., R.B., A.K., H.B., D.V.); Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., F.B., J.J.B.K.); Centre for Biosystems Genomics, Wageningen Campus, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., H.v.d.G., D.V., J.J.B.K); Biometris, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (W.K.); PRI Bioinformatics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (H.v.d.G.); and Keygene, Agro Business Park 90, 6708 PW Wageningen, the Netherlands (J.B., T.D., J.G.)
| | - Dick Vreugdenhil
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., R.B., A.K., H.B., D.V.); Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., F.B., J.J.B.K.); Centre for Biosystems Genomics, Wageningen Campus, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., H.v.d.G., D.V., J.J.B.K); Biometris, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (W.K.); PRI Bioinformatics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (H.v.d.G.); and Keygene, Agro Business Park 90, 6708 PW Wageningen, the Netherlands (J.B., T.D., J.G.)
| | - Joost J B Keurentjes
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., R.B., A.K., H.B., D.V.); Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., F.B., J.J.B.K.); Centre for Biosystems Genomics, Wageningen Campus, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (R.K., H.v.d.G., D.V., J.J.B.K); Biometris, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (W.K.); PRI Bioinformatics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands (H.v.d.G.); and Keygene, Agro Business Park 90, 6708 PW Wageningen, the Netherlands (J.B., T.D., J.G.)
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Fettke J, Fernie AR. Intracellular and cell-to-apoplast compartmentation of carbohydrate metabolism. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 20:490-497. [PMID: 26008154 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In most plants, carbohydrates represent the major energy store as well as providing the building blocks for essential structural polymers. Although the major pathways for carbohydrate biosynthesis, degradation, and transport are well characterized, several key steps have only recently been discovered. In addition, several novel minor metabolic routes have been uncovered in the past few years. Here we review current studies of plant carbohydrate metabolism detailing the expanding compendium of functionally characterized transport proteins as well as our deeper comprehension of more minor and conditionally activated metabolic pathways. We additionally explore the pertinent questions that will allow us to enhance our understanding of the response of both major and minor carbohydrate fluxes to changing cellular circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Fettke
- Biopolymer Analytics, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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31
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Bahaji A, Sánchez-López ÁM, De Diego N, Muñoz FJ, Baroja-Fernández E, Li J, Ricarte-Bermejo A, Baslam M, Aranjuelo I, Almagro G, Humplík JF, Novák O, Spíchal L, Doležal K, Pozueta-Romero J. Plastidic phosphoglucose isomerase is an important determinant of starch accumulation in mesophyll cells, growth, photosynthetic capacity, and biosynthesis of plastidic cytokinins in Arabidopsis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119641. [PMID: 25811607 PMCID: PMC4374969 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) catalyzes the reversible isomerization of glucose-6-phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate. It is involved in glycolysis and in the regeneration of glucose-6-P molecules in the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP). In chloroplasts of illuminated mesophyll cells PGI also connects the Calvin-Benson cycle with the starch biosynthetic pathway. In this work we isolated pgi1-3, a mutant totally lacking pPGI activity as a consequence of aberrant intron splicing of the pPGI encoding gene, PGI1. Starch content in pgi1-3 source leaves was ca. 10-15% of that of wild type (WT) leaves, which was similar to that of leaves of pgi1-2, a T-DNA insertion pPGI null mutant. Starch deficiency of pgi1 leaves could be reverted by the introduction of a sex1 null mutation impeding β-amylolytic starch breakdown. Although previous studies showed that starch granules of pgi1-2 leaves are restricted to both bundle sheath cells adjacent to the mesophyll and stomata guard cells, microscopy analyses carried out in this work revealed the presence of starch granules in the chloroplasts of pgi1-2 and pgi1-3 mesophyll cells. RT-PCR analyses showed high expression levels of plastidic and extra-plastidic β-amylase encoding genes in pgi1 leaves, which was accompanied by increased β-amylase activity. Both pgi1-2 and pgi1-3 mutants displayed slow growth and reduced photosynthetic capacity phenotypes even under continuous light conditions. Metabolic analyses revealed that the adenylate energy charge and the NAD(P)H/NAD(P) ratios in pgi1 leaves were lower than those of WT leaves. These analyses also revealed that the content of plastidic 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP)-pathway derived cytokinins (CKs) in pgi1 leaves were exceedingly lower than in WT leaves. Noteworthy, exogenous application of CKs largely reverted the low starch content phenotype of pgi1 leaves. The overall data show that pPGI is an important determinant of photosynthesis, energy status, growth and starch accumulation in mesophyll cells likely as a consequence of its involvement in the production of OPPP/glycolysis intermediates necessary for the synthesis of plastidic MEP-pathway derived hormones such as CKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdellatif Bahaji
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), Iruñako etorbidea 123, Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, 31192, Spain
| | - Ángela M. Sánchez-López
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), Iruñako etorbidea 123, Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, 31192, Spain
| | - Nuria De Diego
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Francisco J. Muñoz
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), Iruñako etorbidea 123, Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, 31192, Spain
| | - Edurne Baroja-Fernández
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), Iruñako etorbidea 123, Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, 31192, Spain
| | - Jun Li
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), Iruñako etorbidea 123, Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, 31192, Spain
| | - Adriana Ricarte-Bermejo
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), Iruñako etorbidea 123, Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, 31192, Spain
| | - Marouane Baslam
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), Iruñako etorbidea 123, Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, 31192, Spain
| | - Iker Aranjuelo
- Plant Biology and Ecology Department, Science and Technology Faculty, University of the Basque Country, Barrio Sarriena, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Goizeder Almagro
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), Iruñako etorbidea 123, Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, 31192, Spain
| | - Jan F. Humplík
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Spíchal
- Plant Biology and Ecology Department, Science and Technology Faculty, University of the Basque Country, Barrio Sarriena, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Karel Doležal
- Plant Biology and Ecology Department, Science and Technology Faculty, University of the Basque Country, Barrio Sarriena, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Javier Pozueta-Romero
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (CSIC/UPNA/Gobierno de Navarra), Iruñako etorbidea 123, Mutiloabeti, Nafarroa, 31192, Spain
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