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Oku H, Iqbal A, Oogai S, Inafuku M, Mutanda I. Relationship between Cumulative Temperature and Light Intensity and G93 Parameters of Isoprene Emission for the Tropical Tree Ficus septica. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:243. [PMID: 38256797 PMCID: PMC10820733 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The most widely used isoprene emission algorithm, G93 formula, estimates instantaneous leaf-level isoprene emission using the basal emission factor and light and temperature dependency parameters. The G93 parameters have been suggested to show variation depending on past weather conditions, but no study has closely examined the relationship between past meteorological data and the algorithm parameters. Here, to examine the influence of the past weather on these parameters, we monitored weather conditions, G93 parameters, isoprene synthase transcripts and protein levels, and MEP pathway metabolites in the tropical tree Ficus septica for 12 days and analyzed their relationship with cumulative temperature and light intensity. Plants were illuminated with varying (ascending and descending) light regimes, and our previously developed Ping-Pong optimization method was used to parameterize G93. The cumulative temperature of the past 5 and 7 days positively correlated with CT2 and α, respectively, while the cumulative light intensity of the past 10 days showed the highest negative correlation with α. Concentrations of MEP pathway metabolites and IspS gene expression increased with increasing cumulative temperature. At best, the cumulative temperature of the past 2 days positively correlated with the MEP pathway metabolites and IspS gene expression, while these factors showed a biphasic positive and negative correlation with cumulative light intensity. Optimized G93 captured well the temperature and light dependency of isoprene emission at the beginning of the experiment; however, its performance significantly decreased for the latter stages of the experimental duration, especially for the descending phase. This was successfully improved through separate optimization of the ascending and descending phases, emphasizing the importance of the optimization of formula parameters and model improvement. These results have important implications for the improvement of isoprene emission algorithms, particularly under the predicted increase in future global temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirosuke Oku
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan; (H.O.); (S.O.)
| | - Asif Iqbal
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan;
| | - Shigeki Oogai
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan; (H.O.); (S.O.)
| | - Masashi Inafuku
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan;
| | - Ishmael Mutanda
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan; (H.O.); (S.O.)
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2
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Song Y, Peng C, Wu Q, Tao S, Mei T, Sun Z, Zuo Z, Pan C, Zhou Y, Zhou G. Age effects of Moso bamboo on leaf isoprene emission characteristics. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1132717. [PMID: 36959949 PMCID: PMC10028176 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1132717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Isoprene is a highly reactive volatile organic compound that significantly affects atmospheric oxidant capacity, regional air quality, and climate change. Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis), a species widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, particularly in China, is a strong isoprene emitter with great potential for carbon sequestration. Carbon sequestration is negatively correlated with culm age; however, the effect of this correlation on isoprene emissions remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the photosynthetic and isoprene emission characteristics of Moso bamboo at different culm ages. The results showed that the age effect on isoprene emission was different from that on photosynthesis; the net photosynthesis rate (Pn) was the highest in young, followed by mature, and then old bamboo, whereas the isoprene emission rate (Iso) was the highest in young, followed by old, and then mature bamboo. Moreover, the percentage of carbon loss as isoprene emission (C-loss) during photosynthesis of old bamboo was 35% higher than that of mature bamboo under standard conditions (leaf temperature: 30°C; light intensity: 1000 µmol m-2 s-1). Therefore, we strongly recommend considering the culm age when establishing an isoprene emission model of Moso bamboo. Additionally, because the Iso and C-loss of old bamboo were higher than those of mature bamboo, we suggest that attention should be paid to the management of bamboo age structure and timely felling of aged bamboo to reduce environmental risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yandong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Lishui Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, China
| | - Chunju Peng
- Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qinjiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shijie Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhihong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaojiang Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunyu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yufeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guomo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
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Jardine KJ, Lei J, Som S, Souza D, Clendinen CS, Mehta H, Handakumbura P, Bill M, Young RP. Light-Dependence of Formate (C1) and Acetate (C2) Transport and Oxidation in Poplar Trees. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11162080. [PMID: 36015384 PMCID: PMC9413118 DOI: 10.3390/plants11162080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although apparent light inhibition of leaf day respiration is a widespread reported phenomenon, the mechanisms involved, including utilization of alternate respiratory pathways and substrates and light inhibition of TCA cycle enzymes are under active investigation. Recently, acetate fermentation was highlighted as a key drought survival strategy mediated through protein acetylation and jasmonate signaling. Here, we evaluate the light-dependence of acetate transport and assimilation in Populus trichocarpa trees using the dynamic xylem solution injection (DXSI) method developed here for continuous studies of C1 and C2 organic acid transport and light-dependent metabolism. Over 7 days, 1.0 L of [13C]formate and [13C2]acetate solutions were delivered to the stem base of 2-year old potted poplar trees, while continuous diurnal observations were made in the canopy of CO2, H2O, and isoprene gas exchange together with δ13CO2. Stem base injection of 10 mM [13C2]acetate induced an overall pattern of canopy branch headspace 13CO2 enrichment (δ13CO2 +27‰) with a diurnal structure in δ13CO2 reaching a mid-day minimum followed by a maximum shortly after darkening where δ13CO2 values rapidly increased up to +12‰. In contrast, 50 mM injections of [13C]formate were required to reach similar δ13CO2 enrichment levels in the canopy with δ13CO2 following diurnal patterns of transpiration. Illuminated leaves of detached poplar branches pretreated with 10 mM [13C2]acetate showed lower δ13CO2 (+20‰) compared to leaves treated with 10 mM [13C]formate (+320‰), the opposite pattern observed at the whole plant scale. Following dark/light cycles at the leaf-scale, rapid, strong, and reversible enhancements in headspace δ13CO2 by up to +60‰ were observed in [13C2]acetate-treated leaves which showed enhanced dihydrojasmonic acid and TCA cycle intermediate concentrations. The results are consistent with acetate in the transpiration stream as an effective activator of the jasmonate signaling pathway and respiratory substrate. The shorter lifetime of formate relative to acetate in the transpiration stream suggests rapid formate oxidation to CO2 during transport to the canopy. In contrast, acetate is efficiently transported to the canopy where an increased allocation towards mitochondrial dark respiration occurs at night. The results highlight the potential for an effective integration of acetate into glyoxylate and TCA cycles and the light-inhibition of citrate synthase as a potential regulatory mechanism controlling the diurnal allocation of acetate between anabolic and catabolic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kolby J. Jardine
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Climate and Ecosystem Science Division, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Joseph Lei
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Climate and Ecosystem Science Division, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Suman Som
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Climate and Ecosystem Science Division, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Daisy Souza
- Forest Management Laboratory, National Institute for Amazon Research, Manaus 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Chaevien S. Clendinen
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Hardeep Mehta
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Pubudu Handakumbura
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Markus Bill
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Climate and Ecosystem Science Division, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Robert P. Young
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
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Gomes Alves E, Taylor T, Robin M, Pinheiro Oliveira D, Schietti J, Duvoisin Júnior S, Zannoni N, Williams J, Hartmann C, Gonçalves JFC, Schöngart J, Wittmann F, Piedade MTF. Seasonal shifts in isoprenoid emission composition from three hyperdominant tree species in central Amazonia. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:721-733. [PMID: 35357064 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Volatile isoprenoids regulate plant performance and atmospheric processes, and Amazon forests comprise the dominant source to the global atmosphere. Still, there is a poor understanding of how isoprenoid emission capacities vary in response to ecophysiological and environmental controls in Amazonian ecosystems. We measured isoprenoid emission capacities of three Amazonian hyperdominant tree species - Protium hebetatum, Eschweilera grandiflora, Eschweilera coriacea - across seasons and along a topographic and edaphic environmental gradient in the central Amazon. From wet to dry season, both photosynthesis and isoprene emission capacities strongly declined, while emissions increased among the heavier isoprenoids: monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. Plasticity across habitats was most evident in P. hebetatum, which emitted sesquiterpenes only in the dry season, at rates that significantly increased along the hydro-topographic gradient from white sands (shallow root water access) to uplands (deep water table). We suggest that emission composition shifts are part of a plastic response to increasing abiotic stress (e.g. heat and drought) and reduced photosynthetic supply of substrates for isoprenoid synthesis. Our comprehensive measurements suggest that more emphasis should be placed on other isoprenoids, besides isoprene, in the context of abiotic stress responses. Shifting emission compositions have implications for atmospheric responses because of the strong variation in reactivity among isoprenoid compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gomes Alves
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- Climate and Environment Department, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Brazil
| | - T Taylor
- Biology Department, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - M Robin
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- Ecology Department, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Brazil
| | - D Pinheiro Oliveira
- Climate and Environment Department, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Brazil
| | - J Schietti
- Ecology Department, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Brazil
- Biology Department, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - N Zannoni
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - J Williams
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - C Hartmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - J F C Gonçalves
- Coordination of Environmental Dynamics, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Brazil
| | - J Schöngart
- Coordination of Environmental Dynamics, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Brazil
| | - F Wittmann
- Department of Wetland Ecology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Rastatt, Germany
| | - M T F Piedade
- Coordination of Environmental Dynamics, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Brazil
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Isoprene: An Antioxidant Itself or a Molecule with Multiple Regulatory Functions in Plants? Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050684. [PMID: 33925614 PMCID: PMC8146742 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoprene (C5H8) is a small lipophilic, volatile organic compound (VOC), synthesized in chloroplasts of plants through the photosynthesis-dependent 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway. Isoprene-emitting plants are better protected against thermal and oxidative stresses but only about 20% of the terrestrial plants are able to synthesize isoprene. Many studies have been performed to understand the still elusive isoprene protective mechanism. Isoprene reacts with, and quenches, many harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) like singlet oxygen (1O2). A role for isoprene as antioxidant, made possible by its reduced state and conjugated double bonds, has been often suggested, and sometimes demonstrated. However, as isoprene is present at very low concentrations compared to other molecules, its antioxidant role is still controversial. Here we review updated evidences on the function(s) of isoprene, and outline contrasting indications on whether isoprene is an antioxidant directly scavenging ROS, or a membrane strengthener, or a modulator of genomic, proteomic and metabolomic profiles (perhaps as a secondary effect of ROS removal) eventually leading to priming of antioxidant plant defenses, or a signal of stress for neighbor plants alike other VOCs, or a hormone-like molecule, controlling the metabolic flux of other hormones made by the MEP pathway, or acting itself as a growth and development hormone.
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6
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Source of 12C in Calvin-Benson cycle intermediates and isoprene emitted from plant leaves fed with 13CO2. Biochem J 2021; 477:3237-3252. [PMID: 32815532 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Feeding 14CO2 was crucial to uncovering the path of carbon in photosynthesis. Feeding 13CO2 to photosynthesizing leaves emitting isoprene has been used to develop hypotheses about the sources of carbon for the methylerythritol 4-phosphate pathway, which makes the precursors for terpene synthesis in chloroplasts and bacteria. Both photosynthesis and isoprene studies found that products label very quickly (<10 min) up to 80-90% but the last 10-20% of labeling requires hours indicating a source of 12C during photosynthesis and isoprene emission. Furthermore, studies with isoprene showed that the proportion of slow label could vary significantly. This was interpreted as a variable contribution of carbon from sources other than the Calvin-Benson cycle (CBC) feeding the methylerythritol 4-phosphate pathway. Here, we measured the degree of label in isoprene and photosynthetic metabolites 20 min after beginning to feed 13CO2. Isoprene labeling was the same as labeling of photosynthesis intermediates. High temperature reduced the label in isoprene and photosynthesis intermediates by the same amount indicating no role for alternative carbon sources for isoprene. A model assuming glucose, fructose, and/or sucrose reenters the CBC as ribulose 5-phosphate through a cytosolic shunt involving glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase was consistent with the observations.
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7
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Perreca E, Rohwer J, González-Cabanelas D, Loreto F, Schmidt A, Gershenzon J, Wright LP. Effect of Drought on the Methylerythritol 4-Phosphate (MEP) Pathway in the Isoprene Emitting Conifer Picea glauca. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:546295. [PMID: 33163010 PMCID: PMC7581940 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.546295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis produces chlorophyll side chains and compounds that function in resistance to abiotic stresses, including carotenoids, and isoprene. Thus we investigated the effects of moderate and severe drought on MEP pathway function in the conifer Picea glauca, a boreal species at risk under global warming trends. Although moderate drought treatment reduced the photosynthetic rate by over 70%, metabolic flux through the MEP pathway was reduced by only 37%. The activity of the putative rate-limiting step, 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS), was also reduced by about 50%, supporting the key role of this enzyme in regulating pathway metabolic flux. However, under severe drought, as flux declined below detectable levels, DXS activity showed no significant decrease, indicating a much-reduced role in controlling flux under these conditions. Both MEP pathway intermediates and the MEP pathway product isoprene incorporate administered 13CO2 to high levels (75-85%) under well-watered control conditions indicating a close connection to photosynthesis. However, this incorporation declined precipitously under drought, demonstrating exploitation of alternative carbon sources. Despite the reductions in MEP pathway flux and intermediate pools, there was no detectable decline in most major MEP pathway products under drought (except for violaxanthin under moderate and severe stress and isoprene under severe stress) suggesting that the pathway is somehow buffered against this stress. The resilience of the MEP pathway under drought may be a consequence of the importance of the metabolites formed under these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Perreca
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Johann Rohwer
- Laboratory for Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | | | - Francesco Loreto
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Dipartimento di Scienze Bio-Agroalimentari, Roma, Italy
| | - Axel Schmidt
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
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8
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Rodrigues TB, Baker CR, Walker AP, McDowell N, Rogers A, Higuchi N, Chambers JQ, Jardine KJ. Stimulation of isoprene emissions and electron transport rates as key mechanisms of thermal tolerance in the tropical species Vismia guianensis. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:5928-5941. [PMID: 32525272 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tropical forests absorb large amounts of atmospheric CO2 through photosynthesis, but high surface temperatures suppress this absorption while promoting isoprene emissions. While mechanistic isoprene emission models predict a tight coupling to photosynthetic electron transport (ETR) as a function of temperature, direct field observations of this phenomenon are lacking in the tropics and are necessary to assess the impact of a warming climate on global isoprene emissions. Here we demonstrate that in the early successional species Vismia guianensis in the central Amazon, ETR rates increased with temperature in concert with isoprene emissions, even as stomatal conductance (gs ) and net photosynthetic carbon fixation (Pn ) declined. We observed the highest temperatures of continually increasing isoprene emissions yet reported (50°C). While Pn showed an optimum value of 32.6 ± 0.4°C, isoprene emissions, ETR, and the oxidation state of PSII reaction centers (qL ) increased with leaf temperature with strong linear correlations for ETR (ƿ = 0.98) and qL (ƿ = 0.99) with leaf isoprene emissions. In contrast, other photoprotective mechanisms, such as non-photochemical quenching, were not activated at elevated temperatures. Inhibition of isoprenoid biosynthesis repressed Pn at high temperatures through a mechanism that was independent of stomatal closure. While extreme warming will decrease gs and Pn in tropical species, our observations support a thermal tolerance mechanism where the maintenance of high photosynthetic capacity under extreme warming is assisted by the simultaneous stimulation of ETR and metabolic pathways that consume the direct products of ETR including photorespiration and the biosynthesis of thermoprotective isoprenoids. Our results confirm that models which link isoprene emissions to the rate of ETR hold true in tropical species and provide necessary "ground-truthing" for simulations of the large predicted increases in tropical isoprene emissions with climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayana B Rodrigues
- Forest Management Laboratory, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Christopher R Baker
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Anthony P Walker
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Nate McDowell
- Earth System Analysis and Modeling, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Alistair Rogers
- Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Niro Higuchi
- Forest Management Laboratory, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Jeffrey Q Chambers
- Forest Management Laboratory, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Brazil
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kolby J Jardine
- Forest Management Laboratory, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Brazil
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
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9
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Jardine KJ, Zorzanelli RF, Gimenez BO, Oliveira Piva LRD, Teixeira A, Fontes CG, Robles E, Higuchi N, Chambers JQ, Martin ST. Leaf isoprene and monoterpene emission distribution across hyperdominant tree genera in the Amazon basin. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 175:112366. [PMID: 32278887 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Tropical forests are acknowledged to be the largest global source of isoprene (C5H8) and monoterpenes (C10H16) emissions, with current synthesis studies suggesting few tropical species emit isoprenoids (20-38%) and do so with highly variable emission capacities, including within the same genera. This apparent lack of a clear phylogenetic thread has created difficulties both in linking isoprenoid function with evolution and for the development of accurate biosphere-atmosphere models. Here, we present a systematic emission study of "hyperdominant" tree species in the Amazon Basin. Across 162 individuals, distributed among 25 botanical families and 113 species, isoprenoid emissions were widespread among both early and late successional species (isoprene: 61.9% of the species; monoterpenes: 15.0%; both isoprene and monoterpenes: 9.7%). The hyperdominant species (69) across the top five most abundant genera, which make up about 50% of all individuals in the Basin, had a similar abundance of isoprenoid emitters (isoprene: 63.8%; monoterpenes: 17.4%; both 11.6%). Among the abundant genera, only Pouteria had a low frequency of isoprene emitting species (15.8% of 19 species). In contrast, Protium, Licania, Inga, and Eschweilera were rich in isoprene emitting species (83.3% of 12 species, 61.1% of 18 species, 100% of 8 species, and 100% of 12 species, respectively). Light response curves of individuals in each of the five genera showed light-dependent, photosynthesis-linked emission rates of isoprene and monoterpenes. Importantly, in every genus, we observed species with light-dependent isoprene emissions together with monoterpenes including β-ocimene. These observations support the emerging view of the evolution of isoprene synthases from β-ocimene synthases. Our results have important implications for understanding isoprenoid function-evolution relationships and the development of more accurate Earth System Models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kolby J Jardine
- Earth and Environmental Science Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Rd, building 64-241, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; National Institute for Amazon Research (INPA), Department of Forest Management, Ave. Andre Araujo, 2936, Manaus, AM, 69.080-97, Brazil.
| | - Raquel F Zorzanelli
- Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Ave. Governador Lindemberg, nº 316, Centro, Jerônimo, Monteiro, ES, 29.550-000, Brazil
| | - Bruno O Gimenez
- National Institute for Amazon Research (INPA), Department of Forest Management, Ave. Andre Araujo, 2936, Manaus, AM, 69.080-97, Brazil
| | | | - Andrea Teixeira
- National Institute for Amazon Research (INPA), Department of Forest Management, Ave. Andre Araujo, 2936, Manaus, AM, 69.080-97, Brazil
| | - Clarissa G Fontes
- College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, 100 Ecology 1987 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Emily Robles
- Earth and Environmental Science Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Rd, building 64-241, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; College of Natural Resources, University of California Berkeley, 260 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Niro Higuchi
- National Institute for Amazon Research (INPA), Department of Forest Management, Ave. Andre Araujo, 2936, Manaus, AM, 69.080-97, Brazil
| | - Jeffrey Q Chambers
- Earth and Environmental Science Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Rd, building 64-241, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Department of Geography, University of California Berkeley, 507 McCone Hall #4740, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Scot T Martin
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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10
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Jardine KJ, Zorzanelli RF, Gimenez BO, Robles E, de Oliveira Piva LR. Development of a portable leaf photosynthesis and volatile organic compounds emission system. MethodsX 2020; 7:100880. [PMID: 32322545 PMCID: PMC7169044 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2020.100880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how plant carbon metabolism responds to environmental variables such as light is central to understanding ecosystem carbon cycling and the production of food, biofuels, and biomaterials. Here, we couple a portable leaf photosynthesis system to an autosampler for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to enable field observations of net photosynthesis simultaneously with emissions of VOCs as a function of light. Following sample collection, VOCs are analyzed using automated thermal desorption-gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS). An example is presented from a banana plant in the central Amazon with a focus on the response of photosynthesis and the emissions of eight individual monoterpenes to light intensity. Our observations reveal that banana leaf emissions represent a 1.1 +/- 0.1% loss of photosynthesis by carbon. Monoterpene emissions from banana are dominated by trans-β-ocimene, which accounts for up to 57% of total monoterpene emissions at high light. We conclude that the developed system is ideal for the identification and quantification of VOC emissions from leaves in parallel with CO2 and water fluxes.The system therefore permits the analysis of biological and environmental sensitivities of carbon metabolism in leaves in remote field locations, resulting in the emission of hydrocarbons to the atmosphere.•A field-portable system is developed for the identification and quantification of VOCs from leaves in parallel with leaf physiological measurements including photosynthesis and transpiration.•The system will enable the characterization of carbon and energy allocation to the biosynthesis and emission of VOCs linked with photosynthesis (e.g. isoprene and monoterpenes) and their biological and environmental sensitivities (e.g. light, temperature, CO2).•Allow the development of more accurate mechanistic global VOC emission models linked with photosynthesis, improving our ability to predict how forests will respond to climate change. It is our hope that the presented system will contribute with critical data towards these goals across Earth's diverse tropical forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kolby J. Jardine
- Earth and Environmental Science Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Rd, building 84-155, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- National Institute for Amazon Research, Department of Forest Management, Ave. Andre Araujo 2936, Manaus, AM 69.080-97, Brazil
| | - Raquel F. Zorzanelli
- Federal University of Espírito Santo, Ave. Governador Lindemberg, n° 316, Centro, Jerônimo Monteiro, ES 29.550-000, Brazil
| | - Bruno O. Gimenez
- National Institute for Amazon Research, Department of Forest Management, Ave. Andre Araujo 2936, Manaus, AM 69.080-97, Brazil
| | - Emily Robles
- Earth and Environmental Science Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Rd, building 84-155, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- College of Natural Resources, University of California Berkeley, 260 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Luani Rosa de Oliveira Piva
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Forest Sciences, Ave. Prefeito Lothário Meissner 632, Curitiba, PR 80210-170, Brazil
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11
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Guidolotti G, Pallozzi E, Gavrichkova O, Scartazza A, Mattioni M, Loreto F, Calfapietra C. Emission of constitutive isoprene, induced monoterpenes, and other volatiles under high temperatures in Eucalyptus camaldulensis: A 13 C labelling study. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:1929-1938. [PMID: 30663094 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Eucalypts are major emitters of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs), especially volatile isoprenoids. Emissions and incorporation of 13 C in BVOCs were measured in Eucalyptus camaldulensis branches exposed to rapid heat stress or progressive temperature increases, in order to detect both metabolic processes and their dynamics. Isoprene emission increased and photosynthesis decreased with temperatures rising from 30°C to 45°C, and an increasing percentage of unlabelled carbon was incorporated into isoprene in heat-stressed leaves. Intramolecular labelling was also incomplete in isoprene emitted by heat-stressed leaves, suggesting increasing contribution of respiratory (and possibly also photorespiratory) carbon. At temperature above 45°C, a drop of isoprene emission was mirrored by the appearance of unlabelled monoterpenes, green leaf volatiles, methanol, and ethanol, indicating that the emission of stored volatiles was mainly induced by cellular damage. Emission of partially labelled acetaldehyde was also observed at very high temperatures, suggesting a double source of carbon, with a large unlabelled component likely transported from roots and associated to the surge of transpiration at very high temperatures. Eucalypt plantations cover large areas worldwide, and our findings may dramatically change forecast and modelling of future BVOC emissions at planetary level, especially considering climate warming and frequent heat waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Guidolotti
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Monterotondo Scalo, 01500, Italy
| | - Emanuele Pallozzi
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Monterotondo Scalo, 01500, Italy
| | - Olga Gavrichkova
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Porano, 05010, Italy
- Department of Landscape Design and Sustainable Ecosystems, Agrarian-technological Institute, RUDN University, Moscow, 117198, Russia
| | - Andrea Scartazza
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Michele Mattioni
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Porano, 05010, Italy
| | - Francesco Loreto
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences (DISBA), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Carlo Calfapietra
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Porano, 05010, Italy
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12
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Reassimilation of Leaf Internal CO2 Contributes to Isoprene Emission in the Neotropical Species Inga edulis Mart. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10060472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Isoprene (C5H8) is a hydrocarbon gas emitted by many tree species and has been shown to protect photosynthesis under abiotic stress. Under optimal conditions for photosynthesis, ~70%–90% of carbon used for isoprene biosynthesis is produced from recently assimilated atmospheric CO2. While the contribution of alternative carbon sources that increase with leaf temperature and other stresses have been demonstrated, uncertainties remain regarding the biochemical source(s) of isoprene carbon. In this study, we investigated leaf isoprene emissions (Is) from neotropical species Inga edulis Mart. as a function of light and temperature under ambient (450 µmol m−2 s−1) and CO2-free (0 µmol m−2 s−1) atmosphere. Is under CO2-free atmosphere showed light-dependent emission patterns similar to those observed under ambient CO2, but with lower light saturation point. Leaves treated with the photosynthesis inhibitor DCMU (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea) failed to produce detectable Is in normal light under a CO2-free atmosphere. While strong temperature-dependent Is were observed under CO2-free atmosphere in the light, dark conditions failed to produce detectable Is even at the highest temperatures studied (40 °C). Treatment of leaves with 13C-labeled sodium bicarbonate under CO2-free atmosphere resulted in Is with over 50% containing at least one 13C atom. Is under CO2-free atmosphere and standard conditions of light and leaf temperature represented 19% ± 7% of emissions under ambient CO2. The results show that the reassimilation of leaf internal CO2 contributes to Is in the neotropical species I. edulis. Through the consumption of excess photosynthetic energy, our results support a role of isoprene biosynthesis, together with photorespiration, as a key tolerance mechanism against high temperature and high light in the tropics.
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13
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Huang J, Hartmann H, Hellén H, Wisthaler A, Perreca E, Weinhold A, Rücker A, van Dam NM, Gershenzon J, Trumbore S, Behrendt T. New Perspectives on CO 2, Temperature, and Light Effects on BVOC Emissions Using Online Measurements by PTR-MS and Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:13811-13823. [PMID: 30335995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b01435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOC) play important roles in atmospheric chemistry, plant ecology, and physiology, and biogenic VOC (BVOC) emitted by plants is the largest VOC source. Our knowledge about how environmental drivers (e.g., carbon, light, and temperature) may regulate BVOC emissions is limited because they are often not controlled. We combined a greenhouse facility to manipulate atmospheric CO2 ([CO2]) with proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) and cavity ring-down spectroscopy to investigate the regulation of BVOC in Norway spruce. Our results indicate a direct relationship between [CO2] and methanol and acetone emissions, and their temperature and light dependencies, possibly related to substrate availability. The composition of monoterpenes stored in needles remained constant, but emissions of mono-(linalool) and sesquiterpenes (β-farnesene) increased at lower [CO2], with the effects being most pronounced at the highest air temperature. Pulse-labeling suggested an immediate incorporation of recently assimilated carbon into acetone, mono- and sesquiterpene emissions even under 50 ppm [CO2]. Our results provide new perspectives on CO2, temperature and light effects on BVOC emissions, in particular how they depend on stored pools and recent photosynthetic products. Future studies using smaller but more seedlings may allow sufficient replication to examine the physiological mechanisms behind the BVOC responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbei Huang
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry , Jena , Germany
| | | | - Heidi Hellén
- Finnish Meteorological Institute , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Armin Wisthaler
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Erica Perreca
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology , Jena , Germany
| | | | | | - Nicole M van Dam
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research , Leipzig , Germany
- Institute of Ecology , Friedrich Schiller University , Jena , Germany
| | | | - Susan Trumbore
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry , Jena , Germany
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14
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de Souza VF, Niinemets Ü, Rasulov B, Vickers CE, Duvoisin Júnior S, Araújo WL, Gonçalves JFDC. Alternative Carbon Sources for Isoprene Emission. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 23:1081-1101. [PMID: 30472998 PMCID: PMC6354897 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Isoprene and other plastidial isoprenoids are produced primarily from recently assimilated photosynthates via the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway. However, when environmental conditions limit photosynthesis, a fraction of carbon for MEP pathway can come from extrachloroplastic sources. The flow of extrachloroplastic carbon depends on the species and on leaf developmental and environmental conditions. The exchange of common phosphorylated intermediates between the MEP pathway and other metabolic pathways can occur via plastidic phosphate translocators. C1 and C2 carbon intermediates can contribute to chloroplastic metabolism, including photosynthesis and isoprenoid synthesis. Integration of these metabolic processes provide an example of metabolic flexibility, and results in the synthesis of primary metabolites for plant growth and secondary metabolites for plant defense, allowing effective use of environmental resources under multiple stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Fernandes de Souza
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, AM 69011-970, Brazil; University of Amazonas State, Manaus, AM 69050-010, Brazil
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Department of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu 51006, Estonia; Estonian Academy of Sciences, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Bahtijor Rasulov
- Department of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu 51006, Estonia; Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Claudia E Vickers
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Synthetic Biology Future Science Platform, EcoSciences Precinct, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | | | - Wagner L Araújo
- Max-Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
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15
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Fernández-Martínez M, Llusià J, Filella I, Niinemets Ü, Arneth A, Wright IJ, Loreto F, Peñuelas J. Nutrient-rich plants emit a less intense blend of volatile isoprenoids. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 220:773-784. [PMID: 29120052 PMCID: PMC6345376 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The emission of isoprenoids (e.g. isoprene and monoterpenes) by plants plays an important defensive role against biotic and abiotic stresses. Little is known, however, about the functional traits linked to species-specific variability in the types and rates of isoprenoids emitted and about possible co-evolution of functional traits with isoprenoid emission type (isoprene emitter, monoterpene emitter or both). We combined data for isoprene and monoterpene emission rates per unit dry mass with key functional traits (foliar nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations, and leaf mass per area) and climate for 113 plant species, covering the boreal, wet temperate, Mediterranean and tropical biomes. Foliar N was positively correlated with isoprene emission, and foliar P was negatively correlated with both isoprene and monoterpene emission rate. Nonemitting plants generally had the highest nutrient concentrations, and those storing monoterpenes had the lowest concentrations. Our phylogenetic analyses found that the type of isoprenoid emission followed an adaptive, rather than a random model of evolution. Evolution of isoprenoids may be linked to nutrient availability. Foliar N and P are good predictors of the type of isoprenoid emission and the rate at which monoterpenes, and to a lesser extent isoprene, are emitted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Fernández-Martínez
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plant and Vegetation Ecology),
Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CEAB-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193
Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia,
Spain
| | - Joan Llusià
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CEAB-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193
Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia,
Spain
| | - Iolanda Filella
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CEAB-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193
Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia,
Spain
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Agricultural and
Environmental Sciences, 1 Kreutzwaldi, Tartu 51014, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Almut Arneth
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Atmospheric Environmental
Research, Kreuzeckbahnstr. 19, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Ian J. Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109,
Australia
| | - Francesco Loreto
- National Research Council of Italy, Department of Biology,
Agriculture and Food Sciences (CNR-DISBA), Piazzale Aldo Moro 7, Rome, Italy
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CEAB-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193
Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia,
Spain
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16
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Sampaio Filho IDJ, Jardine KJ, de Oliveira RCA, Gimenez BO, Cobello LO, Piva LRDO, Candido LA, Higuchi N, Chambers JQ. Below versus above Ground Plant Sources of Abscisic Acid (ABA) at the Heart of Tropical Forest Response to Warming. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2023. [PMID: 30002274 PMCID: PMC6073271 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Warming surface temperatures and increasing frequency and duration of widespread droughts threaten the health of natural forests and agricultural crops. High temperatures (HT) and intense droughts can lead to the excessive plant water loss and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting in extensive physical and oxidative damage to sensitive plant components including photosynthetic membranes. ROS signaling is tightly integrated with signaling mechanisms of the potent phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA), which stimulates stomatal closure leading to a reduction in transpiration and net photosynthesis, alters hydraulic conductivities, and activates defense gene expression including antioxidant systems. While generally assumed to be produced in roots and transported to shoots following drought stress, recent evidence suggests that a large fraction of plant ABA is produced in leaves via the isoprenoid pathway. Thus, through stomatal regulation and stress signaling which alters water and carbon fluxes, we highlight the fact that ABA lies at the heart of the Carbon-Water-ROS Nexus of plant response to HT and drought stress. We discuss the current state of knowledge of ABA biosynthesis, transport, and degradation and the role of ABA and other isoprenoids in the oxidative stress response. We discuss potential variations in ABA production and stomatal sensitivity among different plant functional types including isohydric/anisohydric and pioneer/climax tree species. We describe experiments that would demonstrate the possibility of a direct energetic and carbon link between leaf ABA biosynthesis and photosynthesis, and discuss the potential for a positive feedback between leaf warming and enhanced ABA production together with reduced stomatal conductance and transpiration. Finally, we propose a new modeling framework to capture these interactions. We conclude by discussing the importance of ABA in diverse tropical ecosystems through increases in the thermotolerance of photosynthesis to drought and heat stress, and the global importance of these mechanisms to carbon and water cycling under climate change scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel de Jesus Sampaio Filho
- National Institute for Amazon Research (INPA), Ave. Andre Araujo 2936, Campus II, Building LBA, Manaus, AM 69080-97, Brazil.
| | - Kolby Jeremiah Jardine
- National Institute for Amazon Research (INPA), Ave. Andre Araujo 2936, Campus II, Building LBA, Manaus, AM 69080-97, Brazil.
- Climate Science Department, Earth Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Rd., Building 64-241, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | | | - Bruno Oliva Gimenez
- National Institute for Amazon Research (INPA), Ave. Andre Araujo 2936, Campus II, Building LBA, Manaus, AM 69080-97, Brazil.
| | - Leticia Oliveira Cobello
- National Institute for Amazon Research (INPA), Ave. Andre Araujo 2936, Campus II, Building LBA, Manaus, AM 69080-97, Brazil.
| | - Luani Rosa de Oliveira Piva
- Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Ave. Pref. Lothario Meissner 632, Campus III, Forest Sciences Department, Curitiba, PR 80210-170, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Antonio Candido
- National Institute for Amazon Research (INPA), Ave. Andre Araujo 2936, Campus II, Building LBA, Manaus, AM 69080-97, Brazil.
| | - Niro Higuchi
- National Institute for Amazon Research (INPA), Ave. Andre Araujo 2936, Campus II, Building LBA, Manaus, AM 69080-97, Brazil.
| | - Jeffrey Quintin Chambers
- National Institute for Amazon Research (INPA), Ave. Andre Araujo 2936, Campus II, Building LBA, Manaus, AM 69080-97, Brazil.
- Climate Science Department, Earth Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Rd., Building 64-241, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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17
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Integration of C₁ and C₂ Metabolism in Trees. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102045. [PMID: 28946627 PMCID: PMC5666727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
C1 metabolism in plants is known to be involved in photorespiration, nitrogen and amino acid metabolism, as well as methylation and biosynthesis of metabolites and biopolymers. Although the flux of carbon through the C1 pathway is thought to be large, its intermediates are difficult to measure and relatively little is known about this potentially ubiquitous pathway. In this study, we evaluated the C1 pathway and its integration with the central metabolism using aqueous solutions of 13C-labeled C1 and C2 intermediates delivered to branches of the tropical species Inga edulis via the transpiration stream. Delivery of [13C]methanol and [13C]formaldehyde rapidly stimulated leaf emissions of [13C]methanol, [13C]formaldehyde, [13C]formic acid, and 13CO2, confirming the existence of the C1 pathway and rapid interconversion between methanol and formaldehyde. However, while [13C]formate solutions stimulated emissions of 13CO2, emissions of [13C]methanol or [13C]formaldehyde were not detected, suggesting that once oxidation to formate occurs it is rapidly oxidized to CO2 within chloroplasts. 13C-labeling of isoprene, a known photosynthetic product, was linearly related to 13CO2 across C1 and C2 ([13C2]acetate and [2-13C]glycine) substrates, consistent with reassimilation of C1, respiratory, and photorespiratory CO2. Moreover, [13C]methanol and [13C]formaldehyde induced a quantitative labeling of both carbon atoms of acetic acid emissions, possibly through the rapid turnover of the chloroplastic acetyl-CoA pool via glycolate oxidation. The results support a role of the C1 pathway to provide an alternative carbon source for glycine methylation in photorespiration, enhance CO2 concentrations within chloroplasts, and produce key C2 intermediates (e.g., acetyl-CoA) central to anabolic and catabolic metabolism.
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18
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Fini A, Brunetti C, Loreto F, Centritto M, Ferrini F, Tattini M. Isoprene Responses and Functions in Plants Challenged by Environmental Pressures Associated to Climate Change. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1281. [PMID: 28798754 PMCID: PMC5526906 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The functional reasons for isoprene emission are still a matter of hot debate. It was hypothesized that isoprene biosynthesis evolved as an ancestral mechanism in plants adapted to high water availability, to cope with transient and recurrent oxidative stresses during their water-to-land transition. There is a tight association between isoprene emission and species hygrophily, suggesting that isoprene emission may be a favorable trait to cope with occasional exposure to stresses in mesic environments. The suite of morpho-anatomical traits does not allow a conservative water use in hygrophilic mesophytes challenged by the environmental pressures imposed or exacerbated by drought and heat stress. There is evidence that in stressed plants the biosynthesis of isoprene is uncoupled from photosynthesis. Because the biosynthesis of isoprene is costly, the great investment of carbon and energy into isoprene must have relevant functional reasons. Isoprene is effective in preserving the integrity of thylakoid membranes, not only through direct interaction with their lipid acyl chains, but also by up-regulating proteins associated with photosynthetic complexes and enhancing the biosynthesis of relevant membrane components, such as mono- and di-galactosyl-diacyl glycerols and unsaturated fatty acids. Isoprene may additionally protect photosynthetic membranes by scavenging reactive oxygen species. Here we explore the mode of actions and the potential significance of isoprene in the response of hygrophilic plants when challenged by severe stress conditions associated to rapid climate change in temperate climates, with special emphasis to the concomitant effect of drought and heat. We suggest that isoprene emission may be not a good estimate for its biosynthesis and concentration in severely droughted leaves, being the internal concentration of isoprene the important trait for stress protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Fini
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences – Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of MilanMilan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Brunetti
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Science, National Research Council of Italy, Trees and Timber InstituteSesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences, University of FlorenceFlorence, Italy
| | - Francesco Loreto
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Science, National Research Council of ItalyRome, Italy
| | - Mauro Centritto
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Science, National Research Council of Italy, Trees and Timber InstituteSesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Francesco Ferrini
- Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences, University of FlorenceFlorence, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Tattini
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Science, National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Sustainable Plant ProtectionSesto Fiorentino, Italy
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19
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Jardine KJ, Jardine AB, Holm JA, Lombardozzi DL, Negron-Juarez RI, Martin ST, Beller HR, Gimenez BO, Higuchi N, Chambers JQ. Monoterpene 'thermometer' of tropical forest-atmosphere response to climate warming. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:441-452. [PMID: 27943309 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Tropical forests absorb large amounts of atmospheric CO2 through photosynthesis but elevated temperatures suppress this absorption and promote monoterpene emissions. Using 13 CO2 labeling, here we show that monoterpene emissions from tropical leaves derive from recent photosynthesis and demonstrate distinct temperature optima for five groups (Groups 1-5), potentially corresponding to different enzymatic temperature-dependent reaction mechanisms within β-ocimene synthases. As diurnal and seasonal leaf temperatures increased during the Amazonian 2015 El Niño event, leaf and landscape monoterpene emissions showed strong linear enrichments of β-ocimenes (+4.4% °C-1 ) at the expense of other monoterpene isomers. The observed inverse temperature response of α-pinene (-0.8% °C-1 ), typically assumed to be the dominant monoterpene with moderate reactivity, was not accurately simulated by current global emission models. Given that β-ocimenes are highly reactive with respect to both atmospheric and biological oxidants, the results suggest that highly reactive β-ocimenes may play important roles in the thermotolerance of photosynthesis by functioning as effective antioxidants within plants and as efficient atmospheric precursors of secondary organic aerosols. Thus, monoterpene composition may represent a new sensitive 'thermometer' of leaf oxidative stress and atmospheric reactivity, and therefore a new tool in future studies of warming impacts on tropical biosphere-atmosphere carbon-cycle feedbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kolby J Jardine
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 94720, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Angela B Jardine
- National Institute for Amazon Research (INPA), 69060-001, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Jennifer A Holm
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 94720, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Danica L Lombardozzi
- Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, 80307, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Robinson I Negron-Juarez
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 94720, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Scot T Martin
- Harvard University, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 02138, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Harry R Beller
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 94720, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 94068, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Bruno O Gimenez
- National Institute for Amazon Research (INPA), 69060-001, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Niro Higuchi
- National Institute for Amazon Research (INPA), 69060-001, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Jeffrey Q Chambers
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 94720, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Geography, University of California, 94720, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Holm JA, Kueppers LM, Chambers JQ. Novel tropical forests: response to global change. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 213:988-992. [PMID: 28079931 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Holm
- Climate and Ecosystems Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Lara M Kueppers
- Climate and Ecosystems Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jeffrey Q Chambers
- Climate and Ecosystems Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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Srikanta Dani KG, Marino G, Taiti C, Mancuso S, Atwell BJ, Loreto F, Centritto M. De novo post-illumination monoterpene burst in Quercus ilex (holm oak). PLANTA 2017; 245:459-465. [PMID: 27990573 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2636-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Explicit proof for de novo origin of a rare post-illumination monoterpene burst and its consistency under low O 2 , shows interaction of photorespiration, photosynthesis, and isoprenoid biosynthesis during light-dark transitions. Quercus ilex L (holm oak) constitutively emits foliar monoterpenes in an isoprene-like fashion via the methyl erythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway located in chloroplasts. Isoprene-emitting plants are known to exhibit post-illumination isoprene burst, a transient emission of isoprene in darkness. An analogous post-illumination monoterpene burst (PiMB) had remained elusive and is reported here for the first time in Q. ilex. Using 13CO2 labelling, we show that PiMB is made from freshly fixed carbon. PiMB is rare at ambient (20%) O2, absent at high (50%) O2, and becomes consistent in leaves exposed to low (2%) O2. PiMB is stronger and occurs earlier at higher temperatures. We also show that primary and secondary post-illumination CO 2 bursts (PiCO2B) are sensitive to O2 in Q. ilex. The primary photorespiratory PiCO2B is absent under both ambient and low O2, but is induced under high (>50%) O2, while the secondary PiCO2B (of unknown origin) is absent under ambient, but present at low and high O2. We propose that post-illumination recycling of photorespired CO2 competes with the MEP pathway for photosynthetic carbon and energy, making PiMB rare under ambient O2 and absent at high O2. PiMB becomes consistent when photorespiration is suppressed in Q. ilex.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Srikanta Dani
- Institute of Ecosystem Studies, National Research Council of Italy, via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695016, India.
| | - Giovanni Marino
- Trees and Timber Institute, National Research Council of Italy, via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Cosimo Taiti
- Department of Environmental Science and Agricultural Production, University of Florence, Viale delle Idee 30, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Stefano Mancuso
- Department of Environmental Science and Agricultural Production, University of Florence, Viale delle Idee 30, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Brian J Atwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Francesco Loreto
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, National Research Council of Italy, Piazzale Aldo Moro 7, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Centritto
- Trees and Timber Institute, National Research Council of Italy, via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
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Yuan H, Cheung CYM, Poolman MG, Hilbers PAJ, van Riel NAW. A genome-scale metabolic network reconstruction of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and its application to photorespiratory metabolism. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 85:289-304. [PMID: 26576489 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) has been studied extensively due to its high economic value in the market, and high content in health-promoting antioxidant compounds. Tomato is also considered as an excellent model organism for studying the development and metabolism of fleshy fruits. However, the growth, yield and fruit quality of tomatoes can be affected by drought stress, a common abiotic stress for tomato. To investigate the potential metabolic response of tomato plants to drought, we reconstructed iHY3410, a genome-scale metabolic model of tomato leaf, and used this metabolic network to simulate tomato leaf metabolism. The resulting model includes 3410 genes and 2143 biochemical and transport reactions distributed across five intracellular organelles including cytosol, plastid, mitochondrion, peroxisome and vacuole. The model successfully described the known metabolic behaviour of tomato leaf under heterotrophic and phototrophic conditions. The in silico investigation of the metabolic characteristics for photorespiration and other relevant metabolic processes under drought stress suggested that: (i) the flux distributions through the mevalonate (MVA) pathway under drought were distinct from that under normal conditions; and (ii) the changes in fluxes through core metabolic pathways with varying flux ratio of RubisCO carboxylase to oxygenase may contribute to the adaptive stress response of plants. In addition, we improved on previous studies of reaction essentiality analysis for leaf metabolism by including potential alternative routes for compensating reaction knockouts. Altogether, the genome-scale model provides a sound framework for investigating tomato metabolism and gives valuable insights into the functional consequences of abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Mark G Poolman
- Cell Systems Modelling Group, Department of Biomedical and Medical Science, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter A J Hilbers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Natal A W van Riel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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