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Geilfus CM, Zörb C, Jones JJ, Wimmer MA, Schmöckel SM. Water for agriculture: more crop per drop. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2024; 26:499-507. [PMID: 38773740 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Global crop production in agriculture depends on water availability. Future scenarios predict increasing occurrence of flash floods and rapidly developing droughts accompanied by heatwaves in humid regions that rely on rain-fed agriculture. It is challenging to maintain high crop yields, even in arid and drought-prone regions that depend on irrigation. The average water demand of crops varies significantly, depending on plant species, development stage, and climate. Most crops, such as maize and wheat, require relatively more water during the vegetative phase compared to the ripening phase. In this review, we explain WUE and options to improve water use and thus crop yield. Nutrient management might represent another possibility to manipulate water uptake and use by plants. An emerging topic involves agroforest co-cultivation, where trees in the system facilitate water transfer through hydraulic lift, benefiting neighbouring crops. Other options to enhance crop yield per water use are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-M Geilfus
- Department of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Geisenheim, Germany
| | - C Zörb
- Department Quality of Plant Products, Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - J J Jones
- Division of Controlled Environment Horticulture, Faculty of Life Sciences, Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt-University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - M A Wimmer
- Department Quality of Plant Products, Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - S M Schmöckel
- Department Physiology of Yield Stability, Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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Jain P, Huber AE, Rockwell FE, Sen S, Holbrook NM, Stroock AD. Localized measurements of water potential reveal large loss of conductance in living tissues of maize leaves. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:2288-2300. [PMID: 38128552 PMCID: PMC10980393 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The water status of the living tissue in leaves between the xylem and stomata (outside xylem zone (OXZ) plays a critical role in plant function and global mass and energy balance but has remained largely inaccessible. We resolve the local water relations of OXZ tissue using a nanogel reporter of water potential (ψ), AquaDust, that enables an in situ, nondestructive measurement of both ψ of xylem and highly localized ψ at the terminus of transpiration in the OXZ. Working in maize (Zea mays L.), these localized measurements reveal gradients in the OXZ that are several folds larger than those based on conventional methods and values of ψ in the mesophyll apoplast well below the macroscopic turgor loss potential. We find a strong loss of hydraulic conductance in both the bundle sheath and the mesophyll with decreasing xylem potential but not with evaporative demand. Our measurements suggest the OXZ plays an active role in regulating the transpiration path, and our methods provide the means to study this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Jain
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Annika E Huber
- Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Fulton E Rockwell
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Sabyasachi Sen
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Noel Michele Holbrook
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Abraham D Stroock
- Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Grunwald Y, Yaaran A, Moshelion M. Illuminating plant water dynamics: the role of light in leaf hydraulic regulation. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:1404-1414. [PMID: 38155452 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Light intensity and quality influence photosynthesis directly but also have an indirect effect by increasing stomatal apertures and enhancing gas exchange. Consequently, in areas such as the upper canopy, a high water demand for transpiration and temperature regulation is created. This paper explores how light intensity and the natural high Blue-Light (BL) : Red-Light (RL) ratio in these areas, is important for controlling leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf ) by BL signal transduction, increasing water permeability in cells surrounding the vascular tissue, in supporting the enormous water demands. Conversely, shaded inner-canopy areas receive less radiation, have lower water and cooling demands, and exhibit reduced Kleaf due to diminished intensity and BL induction. Intriguingly, shaded leaves display higher water-use efficiency (compared with upper-canopy) due to decreased transpiration and cooling requirements while the presence of RL supports photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Grunwald
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
- The Plant & Environmental Sciences Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7632706, Israel
| | - Adi Yaaran
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
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4
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Pathare VS, Panahabadi R, Sonawane BV, Apalla AJ, Koteyeva N, Bartley LE, Cousins AB. Altered cell wall hydroxycinnamate composition impacts leaf- and canopy-level CO2 uptake and water use in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 194:190-208. [PMID: 37503807 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Cell wall properties play a major role in determining photosynthetic carbon uptake and water use through their impact on mesophyll conductance (CO2 diffusion from substomatal cavities into photosynthetic mesophyll cells) and leaf hydraulic conductance (water movement from xylem, through leaf tissue, to stomata). Consequently, modification of cell wall (CW) properties might help improve photosynthesis and crop water use efficiency (WUE). We tested this using 2 independent transgenic rice (Oryza sativa) lines overexpressing the rice OsAT10 gene (encoding a "BAHD" CoA acyltransferase), which alters CW hydroxycinnamic acid content (more para-coumaric acid and less ferulic acid). Plants were grown under high and low water levels, and traits related to leaf anatomy, CW composition, gas exchange, hydraulics, plant biomass, and canopy-level water use were measured. Alteration of hydroxycinnamic acid content led to statistically significant decreases in mesophyll CW thickness (-14%) and increased mesophyll conductance (+120%) and photosynthesis (+22%). However, concomitant increases in stomatal conductance negated the increased photosynthesis, resulting in no change in intrinsic WUE (ratio of photosynthesis to stomatal conductance). Leaf hydraulic conductance was also unchanged; however, transgenic plants showed small but statistically significant increases in aboveground biomass (AGB) (+12.5%) and canopy-level WUE (+8.8%; ratio of AGB to water used) and performed better under low water levels than wild-type plants. Our results demonstrate that changes in CW composition, specifically hydroxycinnamic acid content, can increase mesophyll conductance and photosynthesis in C3 cereal crops such as rice. However, attempts to improve photosynthetic WUE will need to enhance mesophyll conductance and photosynthesis while maintaining or decreasing stomatal conductance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha S Pathare
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA
| | - Rahele Panahabadi
- College of Agricultural. Human, and Natural Resource Sciences, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Balasaheb V Sonawane
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA
| | - Anthony Jude Apalla
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA
| | - Nuria Koteyeva
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Morphology, V.L. Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Laura E Bartley
- College of Agricultural. Human, and Natural Resource Sciences, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Asaph B Cousins
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA
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Gao C, Marker SJV, Gundlach C, Poulsen HF, Bohr T, Schulz A. Tracing the opposing assimilate and nutrient flows in live conifer needles. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6677-6691. [PMID: 37668473 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The vasculature along conifer needles is fundamentally different from that in angiosperm leaves as it contains a unique transfusion tissue inside the bundle sheath. In this study, we used specific tracers to identify the pathway of photoassimilates from mesophyll to phloem, and the opposing pathway of nutrients from xylem to mesophyll. For symplasmic transport we applied esculin to the tip of attached pine needles and followed its movement down the phloem. For apoplasmic transport we let detached needles take up a membrane-impermeable contrast agent and used micro-X-ray computed tomography to map critical water exchange interfaces and domain borders. Microscopy and segmentation of the X-ray data enabled us to render and quantify the functional 3D structure of the water-filled apoplasm and the complementary symplasmic domain. The transfusion tracheid system formed a sponge-like apoplasmic domain that was blocked at the bundle sheath. Transfusion parenchyma cell chains bridged this domain as tortuous symplasmic pathways with strong local anisotropy which, as evidenced by the accumulation of esculin, pointed to the phloem flanks as the preferred phloem-loading path. Simple estimates supported a pivotal role of the bundle sheath, showing that a bidirectional movement of nutrient ions and assimilates is feasible and emphasizing the role of the bundle sheath in nutrient and assimilate exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Gao
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Sean J V Marker
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark. Fysikvej, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Carsten Gundlach
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark. Fysikvej, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Henning F Poulsen
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark. Fysikvej, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tomas Bohr
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark. Fysikvej, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Alexander Schulz
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Yaaran A, Erez E, Procko C, Moshelion M. Leaf hydraulic maze: Abscisic acid effects on bundle sheath, palisade, and spongy mesophyll conductance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:1349-1364. [PMID: 37390615 PMCID: PMC10517257 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf) facilitates the supply of water, enabling continual CO2 uptake while maintaining plant water status. We hypothesized that bundle sheath and mesophyll cells play key roles in regulating the radial flow of water out of the xylem by responding to abscisic acid (ABA). Thus, we generated transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants that are insensitive to ABA in their bundle sheath (BSabi) and mesophyll (MCabi) cells. We also introduced tissue-specific fluorescent markers to distinguish between cells of the palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll, and bundle sheath. Both BSabi and MCabi plants showed greater Kleaf and transpiration under optimal conditions. MCabi plants had larger stomatal apertures, higher stomatal index, and greater vascular diameter and biomass relative to the wild-type (WT) and BSabi plants. In response to xylem-fed ABA, both transgenic and WT plants reduced their Kleaf and transpiration. The membrane osmotic water permeability (Pf) of the WT's spongy mesophyll was higher than that of the WT's palisade mesophyll. While the palisade mesophyll maintained a low Pf in response to high ABA, the spongy mesophyll Pf was reduced. Compared to the WT, BSabi bundle sheath cells had a higher Pf, but MCabi spongy mesophyll had an unexpected lower Pf. These results suggest that tissue-specific regulation of Pf by ABA may be confounded by whole-leaf hydraulics and transpiration. ABA increased the symplastic permeability, but its contribution to Kleaf was negligible. We suggest that the bundle sheath spongy mesophyll pathway dynamically responds to the fluctuations in water availability, while the palisade mesophyll serves as a hydraulic buffer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Yaaran
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Eyal Erez
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Carl Procko
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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7
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Tamang BG, Zhang Y, Zambrano MA, Ainsworth EA. Anatomical determinants of gas exchange and hydraulics vary with leaf shape in soybean. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 131:909-920. [PMID: 36111999 PMCID: PMC10332398 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcac118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Leaf shape in crops can impact light distribution and carbon capture at the whole plant and canopy level. Given similar leaf inclination, narrow leaves can allow a greater fraction of incident light to pass through to lower canopy leaves by reducing leaf area index, which can potentially increase canopy-scale photosynthesis. Soybean has natural variation in leaf shape which can be utilized to optimize canopy architecture. However, the anatomical and physiological differences underlying variation in leaf shape remain largely unexplored. METHODS In this study, we selected 28 diverse soybean lines with leaf length to width ratios (leaf ratio) ranging between 1.1 and 3.2. We made leaf cross-sectional, gas exchange, vein density and hydraulic measurements and studied their interrelationships among these lines. KEY RESULTS Our study shows that narrow leaves tend to be thicker, with an ~30 µm increase in leaf thickness for every unit increase in leaf ratio. Interestingly, thicker leaves had a greater proportion of spongy mesophyll while the proportions of palisade and paraveinal mesophyll decreased. In addition, narrow and thicker leaves had greater photosynthesis and stomatal conductance per unit area along with greater leaf hydraulic conductance. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that selecting for narrow leaves can improve photosynthetic performance and potentially provide a yield advantage in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishal G Tamang
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Yanqun Zhang
- China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Beijing, China
| | - Michelle A Zambrano
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Ainsworth
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL, USA
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8
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Groszmann M, De Rosa A, Chen W, Qiu J, McGaughey SA, Byrt CS, Evans JR. A high-throughput yeast approach to characterize aquaporin permeabilities: Profiling the Arabidopsis PIP aquaporin sub-family. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1078220. [PMID: 36760647 PMCID: PMC9907170 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1078220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Engineering membrane transporters to achieve desired functionality is reliant on availability of experimental data informing structure-function relationships and intelligent design. Plant aquaporin (AQP) isoforms are capable of transporting diverse substrates such as signaling molecules, nutrients, metalloids, and gases, as well as water. AQPs can act as multifunctional channels and their transport function is reliant on many factors, with few studies having assessed transport function of specific isoforms for multiple substrates. METHODS High-throughput yeast assays were developed to screen for transport function of plant AQPs, providing a platform for fast data generation and cataloguing of substrate transport profiles. We applied our high-throughput growth-based yeast assays to screen all 13 Arabidopsis PIPs (AtPIPs) for transport of water and several neutral solutes: hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), boric acid (BA), and urea. Sodium (Na+) transport was assessed using elemental analysis techniques. RESULTS All AtPIPs facilitated water and H2O2 transport, although their growth phenotypes varied, and none were candidates for urea transport. For BA and Na+ transport, AtPIP2;2 and AtPIP2;7 were the top candidates, with yeast expressing these isoforms having the most pronounced toxicity response to BA exposure and accumulating the highest amounts of Na+. Linking putative AtPIP isoform substrate transport profiles with phylogenetics and gene expression data, enabled us to align possible substrate preferences with known and hypothesized biological roles of AtPIPs. DISCUSSION This testing framework enables efficient cataloguing of putative transport functionality of diverse AQPs at a scale that can help accelerate our understanding of AQP biology through big data approaches (e.g. association studies). The principles of the individual assays could be further adapted to test additional substrates. Data generated from this framework could inform future testing of AQP physiological roles, and address knowledge gaps in structure-function relationships to improve engineering efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Groszmann
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Annamaria De Rosa
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Weihua Chen
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Jiaen Qiu
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Samantha A. McGaughey
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Caitlin S. Byrt
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - John R. Evans
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Xiong D, Flexas J. Safety-efficiency tradeoffs? Correlations of photosynthesis, leaf hydraulics, and dehydration tolerance across species. Oecologia 2022; 200:51-64. [PMID: 36040668 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05250-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The tradeoffs between carbon assimilation and hydraulic efficiencies and drought-tolerance traits on different scales are considered a central tenet in plant ecophysiology; however, no clear tradeoff between these traits has emerged in previous studies using woody angiosperms or grasses by investigating several hydraulic tolerance and gas exchange efficiency and/or water transport efficiency traits. In this study, we measured numerous efficiency, resistance, and leaf anatomical traits, including light-saturated gas exchange, leaf hydraulic vulnerability curves, pressure-volume curves, and leaf anatomical traits, in seven species with diverse drought tolerance. A substantial variation in photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, mesophyll conductance, maximum leaf hydraulic conductance (Kmax), mesophyll anatomical traits, and leaf vein density across species was observed. Both mesophyll conductance and Kmax were related to leaf anatomical traits, but other gas exchange traits were decoupled from Kmax. Although the efficiency and tolerance traits varied widely across estimated species, no clear trade-off between safety traits and efficiency traits was observed. These findings suggested that postulated leaf-level drought tolerance-carbon assimilation and hydraulic efficiency tradeoff does not exist among distant species and that the fact that different leaf anatomical traits determine efficiency and tolerance capacity might contribute to the lack of such tradeoffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Xiong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Jaume Flexas
- Research Group on Plant Biology Under Mediterranean Conditions, Instituto de Investigaciones Agroambientales y de Economía del Agua (INAGEA), Universitat de Les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5Illes Balears, 07121, Palma, Spain
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10
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Cardoso AA, Kane CN, Rimer IM, McAdam SAM. Seeing is believing: what visualising bubbles in the xylem has revealed about plant hydraulic function. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2022; 49:759-772. [PMID: 35718950 DOI: 10.1071/fp21326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining water transport in the xylem is critical for vascular plants to grow and survive. The drought-induced accumulation of embolism, when gas enters xylem conduits, causes declines in hydraulic conductance (K ) and is ultimately lethal. Several methods can be used to estimate the degree of embolism in xylem, from measuring K in tissues to directly visualising embolism in conduits. One method allowing a direct quantification of embolised xylem area is the optical vulnerability (OV) technique. This method has been used across different organs and has a high spatial and temporal resolution. Here, we review studies using the OV technique, discuss the main advantages and disadvantages of this method, and summarise key advances arising from its use. Vulnerability curves generated by the OV method are regularly comparable to other methods, including the centrifuge and X-ray microtomography. A major advantage of the OV technique over other methods is that it can be simultaneously used to determine in situ embolism formation in leaves, stems and roots, in species spanning the phylogeny of land plants. The OV method has been used to experimentally investigate the spreading of embolism through xylem networks, associate embolism with downstream tissue death, and observe embolism formation in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda A Cardoso
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Cade N Kane
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Ian M Rimer
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Scott A M McAdam
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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11
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Grunwald Y, Gosa SC, Torne-Srivastava T, Moran N, Moshelion M. Out of the blue: Phototropins of the leaf vascular bundle sheath mediate the regulation of leaf hydraulic conductance by blue light. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:2328-2342. [PMID: 35285491 PMCID: PMC9134085 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaf veins bundle-sheath cells (BSCs)-a selective barrier to water and solutes entering the mesophyll-increase the leaf radial hydraulic conductance (Kleaf) by acidifying the xylem sap by their plasma membrane H+-ATPase, AHA2. Based on this and on the BSCs' expression of phototropins PHOT1 and PHOT2, and the known blue light (BL)-induced Kleaf increase, we hypothesized that, resembling the guard cells, BL perception by the BSCs' phots activates its H+-ATPase, which, consequently, upregulates Kleaf. Indeed, under BL, the Kleaf of the knockout mutant lines phot1-5, phot2-1, phot1-5 phot2-1, and aha2-4 was lower than that of the wild-type (WT). BSC-only-directed complementation of phot1-5 or aha2-4 by PHOT1 or AHA2, respectively, restored the BL-induced Kleaf increase. BSC-specific silencing of PHOT1 or PHOT2 prevented such Kleaf increase. A xylem-fed kinase inhibitor (tyrphostin 9) replicated this also in WT plants. White light-ineffective in the phot1-5 mutant-acidified the xylem sap (relative to darkness) in WT and in the PHOT1-complemented phot1-5. These results, supported by BL increase of BSC protoplasts' water permeability and cytosolic pH and their hyperpolarization by BL, identify the BSCs as a second phot-controlled water conductance element in leaves, in series with stomatal conductance. Through both, BL regulates the leaf water balance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tanmayee Torne-Srivastava
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Nava Moran
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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12
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Wang X, Zhao J, Huang J, Peng S, Xiong D. Evaporative flux method of leaf hydraulic conductance estimation: sources of uncertainty and reporting format recommendation. PLANT METHODS 2022; 18:63. [PMID: 35549958 PMCID: PMC9097237 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-022-00888-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The accurate estimation of leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf) is important for revealing leaf physiological characteristics and function. However, the Kleaf values are largely incomparable in previous studies for a given species indicating some uncertain influencing factors in Kleaf measurement. RESULT We investigated the potential impacts of plant sampling method, measurement setup, environmental factors, and transpiration steady state identification on Kleaf estimation in Oryza sativa and Cinnamomum camphora using evaporation flux method (EFM). The effects of sampling and rehydration time, the small gravity pressure gradients between water sources and leaves, and water degassing on Kleaf estimation were negligible. As expected, the estimated steady flow rate (E) was significantly affected by multiple environmental factors including airflow around leaf, photosynthetically active radiation (PARa) on leaf surfaces and air temperature. Kleaf decreased by 40% when PARa declined from 1000 to 500 µmol m-2 s-1 and decreased by 15.1% when air temperature increased from 27 to 37 °C. In addition, accurate steady-state flow rate identification and leaf water potential measurement were important for Kleaf estimation. CONCLUSIONS Based on the analysis of influencing factors, we provided a format for reporting the metadata of EFM-based Kleaf to achieve greater comparability among studies and interpretation of differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Jinfang Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Jianliang Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Shaobing Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Dongliang Xiong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
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13
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Ding L, Milhiet T, Parent B, Meziane A, Tardieu F, Chaumont F. The plasma membrane aquaporin ZmPIP2;5 enhances the sensitivity of stomatal closure to water deficit. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:1146-1156. [PMID: 35112729 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Increasing stomatal movement is beneficial to improve plant water use efficiency and drought resilience. Contradictory results indicate that aquaporins might regulate stomatal movement. Here, we tested whether the maize plasma membrane PIP2;5 aquaporin affects stomatal closure under water deficit, abscisic acid (ABA) or vapour pressure deficit (VPD) treatment in intact plants, detached leaves or peeled epidermis. Transpiration, stomatal conductance (gs ) and aperture and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in stomatal complexes were studied in maize lines with increased or knocked down (KD) PIP2;5 gene expression. In well-watered conditions, the PIP2;5 overexpressing (OE) plants transpired more than wild types (WTs), while no significant difference in transpiration was observed between pip2;5 KD and WT. Upon mild water deficit or low ABA concentration treatments, transpiration and gs decreased more in PIP2;5 OE lines and less in pip2;5 KD lines, in comparison with WTs. In the detached epidermis, ABA treatment induced faster stomatal closing in PIP2;5 OE lines compared to WTs, while pip2;5 KD stomata were ABA insensitive. These phenotypes were associated with guard cell ROS accumulation. Additionally, PIP2;5 is involved in the transpiration decrease observed under high VPD. These data indicate that maize PIP2;5 is a key actor increasing the sensitivity of stomatal closure to water deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ding
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Thomas Milhiet
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Boris Parent
- INRAE, LEPSE, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Adel Meziane
- INRAE, LEPSE, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - François Chaumont
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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14
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Zhang Q, Tang W, Peng S, Li Y. Limiting factors for panicle photosynthesis at the anthesis and grain filling stages in rice (Oryza sativa L.). THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:77-91. [PMID: 34704647 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Panicle photosynthesis is crucial for grain yield in cereal crops; however, the limiting factors for panicle photosynthesis are poorly understood, greatly impeding improvement in this trait. In the present study, pot experiments were conducted to investigate the limiting factors for panicle photosynthesis at the anthesis stage in seven rice genotypes and to examine the temporal variations in photosynthesis during the grain filling stage in the Liangyou 287 genotype. At the anthesis stage, leaf and panicle photosynthesis was positively correlated with stomatal conductance and maximum carboxylation rate, which were in turn associated with hydraulic conductance and nitrogen content, respectively. Panicle hydraulic conductance was positively correlated with the area of bundle sheaths in the panicle neck. During grain filling, leaf and panicle photosynthesis remained constant at the early stage but dramatically decreased from 8 to 9 days after anthesis. The trends of variations in panicle photosynthesis were consistent with those in stomatal conductance but not with those in maximum carboxylation rate. At first, the maximum carboxylation rate and respiration rate in the panicle increased, through elevated panicle nitrogen content, but then drastically decreased, as a result of dehydration. The present study systematically investigated the limiting factors for panicle photosynthesis, which are vital for improving photosynthesis and crop yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Wei Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Shaobing Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Yong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
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15
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Boursiac Y, Protto V, Rishmawi L, Maurel C. Experimental and conceptual approaches to root water transport. PLANT AND SOIL 2022; 478:349-370. [PMID: 36277078 PMCID: PMC9579117 DOI: 10.1007/s11104-022-05427-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Root water transport, which critically contributes to the plant water status and thereby plant productivity, has been the object of extensive experimental and theoretical studies. However, root systems represent an intricate assembly of cells in complex architectures, including many tissues at distinct developmental stages. Our comprehension of where and how molecular actors integrate their function in order to provide the root with its hydraulic properties is therefore still limited. SCOPE Based on current literature and prospective discussions, this review addresses how root water transport can be experimentally measured, what is known about the underlying molecular actors, and how elementary water transport processes are scaled up in numerical/mathematical models. CONCLUSIONS The theoretical framework and experimental procedures on root water transport that are in use today have been established a few decades ago. However, recent years have seen the appearance of new techniques and models with enhanced resolution, down to a portion of root or to the tissue level. These advances pave the way for a better comprehension of the dynamics of water uptake by roots in the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Boursiac
- IPSiM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Virginia Protto
- IPSiM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Louai Rishmawi
- IPSiM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Christophe Maurel
- IPSiM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34060 Montpellier, France
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16
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Burridge JD, Grondin A, Vadez V. Optimizing Crop Water Use for Drought and Climate Change Adaptation Requires a Multi-Scale Approach. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:824720. [PMID: 35574091 PMCID: PMC9100818 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.824720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Selection criteria that co-optimize water use efficiency and yield are needed to promote plant productivity in increasingly challenging and variable drought scenarios, particularly dryland cereals in the semi-arid tropics. Optimizing water use efficiency and yield fundamentally involves transpiration dynamics, where restriction of maximum transpiration rate helps to avoid early crop failure, while maximizing grain filling. Transpiration restriction can be regulated by multiple mechanisms and involves cross-organ coordination. This coordination involves complex feedbacks and feedforwards over time scales ranging from minutes to weeks, and from spatial scales ranging from cell membrane to crop canopy. Aquaporins have direct effect but various compensation and coordination pathways involve phenology, relative root and shoot growth, shoot architecture, root length distribution profile, as well as other architectural and anatomical aspects of plant form and function. We propose gravimetric phenotyping as an integrative, cross-scale solution to understand the dynamic, interwoven, and context-dependent coordination of transpiration regulation. The most fruitful breeding strategy is likely to be that which maintains focus on the phene of interest, namely, daily and season level transpiration dynamics. This direct selection approach is more precise than yield-based selection but sufficiently integrative to capture attenuating and complementary factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D. Burridge
- DIADE Group, Cereal Root Systems, Institute de Recherche pour le Développement/Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- *Correspondence: James D. Burridge,
| | - Alexandre Grondin
- DIADE Group, Cereal Root Systems, Institute de Recherche pour le Développement/Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Adaptation des Plantes et Microorganismes Associés aux Stress Environnementaux, Laboratoire Mixte International, Dakar, Senegal
- Centre d’Étude Régional pour l’Amélioration de l’Adaptation à la Sécheresse, Thiès, Senegal
| | - Vincent Vadez
- DIADE Group, Cereal Root Systems, Institute de Recherche pour le Développement/Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Adaptation des Plantes et Microorganismes Associés aux Stress Environnementaux, Laboratoire Mixte International, Dakar, Senegal
- Centre d’Étude Régional pour l’Amélioration de l’Adaptation à la Sécheresse, Thiès, Senegal
- International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, India
- Vincent Vadez,
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17
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Wang X, Lu K, Yao X, Zhang L, Wang F, Wu D, Peng J, Chen X, Du J, Wei J, Ma J, Chen L, Zou S, Zhang C, Zhang M, Dong H. The Aquaporin TaPIP2;10 Confers Resistance to Two Fungal Diseases in Wheat. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 111:2317-2331. [PMID: 34058861 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-02-21-0048-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants employ aquaporins (AQPs) of the plasma membrane intrinsic protein (PIP) family to import environmental substrates, thereby affecting various processes, such as the cellular responses regulated by the signaling molecule hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Common wheat (Triticum aestivum) contains 24 candidate members of the PIP family, designated as TaPIP1;1 to TaPIP1;12 and TaPIP2;1 to TaPIP2;12. None of these TaPIP candidates have been characterized for substrate selectivity or defense responses in their source plant. Here, we report that T. aestivum AQP TaPIP2;10 facilitates the cellular uptake of H2O2 to confer resistance against powdery mildew and Fusarium head blight, two devastating fungal diseases in wheat throughout the world. In wheat, the apoplastic H2O2 signal is induced by fungal attack, while TaPIP2;10 is stimulated to translocate this H2O2 into the cytoplasm, where it activates defense responses to restrict further attack. TaPIP2;10-mediated transport of H2O2 is essential for pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered plant immunity (PTI). Typical PTI responses are induced by the fungal infection and intensified by overexpression of the TaPIP2;10 gene. TaPIP2;10 overexpression causes a 70% enhancement in wheat resistance to powdery mildew and an 86% enhancement in resistance to Fusarium head blight. By reducing the disease severities, TaPIP2;10 overexpression brings about >37% increase in wheat grain yield. These results verify the feasibility of using an immunity-relevant AQP to concomitantly improve crop productivity and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Kai Lu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Xiaohui Yao
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province 271018, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Fubin Wang
- Institute of Environmental Sciences & Resources and Plant Protection, Jining Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jining, Shandon Province 272000, China
| | - Degong Wu
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui Province 233100, China
| | - Jinfeng Peng
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Xiaochen Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Junli Du
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui Province 233100, China
| | - Jiankun Wei
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Jingyu Ma
- Institute of Environmental Sciences & Resources and Plant Protection, Jining Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jining, Shandon Province 272000, China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province 271018, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Shenshen Zou
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province 271018, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Chunling Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Meixiang Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Hansong Dong
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province 271018, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province 271018, China
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18
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Singh S, Kumar V, Parihar P, Dhanjal DS, Singh R, Ramamurthy PC, Prasad R, Singh J. Differential regulation of drought stress by biological membrane transporters and channels. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:1565-1583. [PMID: 34132878 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02730-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Stress arising due to abiotic factors affects the plant's growth and productivity. Among several existing abiotic stressors like cold, drought, heat, salinity, heavy metal, etc., drought condition tends to affect the plant's growth by inducing two-point effect, i.e., it disturbs the water balance as well as induces toxicity by disturbing the ion homeostasis, thus hindering the growth and productivity of plants, and to survive under this condition, plants have evolved several transportation systems that are involved in regulating the drought stress. The role of membrane transporters has gained interest since genetic engineering came into existence, and they were found to be the important modulators for tolerance, avoidance, ion movements, stomatal movements, etc. Here in this comprehensive review, we have discussed the role of transporters (ABA, protein, carbohydrates, etc.) and channels that aids in withstanding the drought stress as well as the regulatory role of transporters involved in osmotic adjustments arising due to drought stress. This review also provides a gist of hydraulic conductivity by roots that are involved in regulating the drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simranjeet Singh
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 56001, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, 474009, India
| | - Parul Parihar
- Department of Botany, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144111, India
- Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211008, India
| | - Daljeet Singh Dhanjal
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144111, India
| | - Rachana Singh
- Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211008, India
| | - Praveen C Ramamurthy
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 56001, India.
| | - Ram Prasad
- Department of Botany, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, Bihar, 845401, India.
| | - Joginder Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144111, India
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19
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Xiong D, Flexas J. Leaf anatomical characteristics are less important than leaf biochemical properties in determining photosynthesis responses to nitrogen top-dressing. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:5709-5720. [PMID: 34022050 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The photosynthetic capacity of leaves is dramatically influenced by nitrogen (N) availability in the soil, as CO2 concentration in chloroplasts and photosynthetic biochemical capacity are related to leaf N content. The relationship between mesophyll conductance (gm) and leaf N content was expected to be shaped by leaf anatomical traits. However, the increased gm in mature leaves achieved by N top-dressing is unlikely to be caused by changes in leaf anatomy. Here, we assessed the impacts of N supply on leaf anatomical, biochemical, and photosynthetic features, specifically, the dynamic responses of leaf anatomy, biochemistry, and photosynthesis to N top-dressing in tobacco. Plant performance was substantially affected by soil N status. In comparison with the leaves of plants subjected to low N treatment, leaves of plants with high N treatment photosynthesized significantly more, due to higher CO2 diffusion conductance and photosynthetic biochemical capacity. The high gm in high N-treated leaves apparently related to modifications in the leaf anatomy; however, the rapid response of gm to N top-dressing cannot be fully explained by leaf anatomical modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Xiong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jaume Flexas
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears/Instituto de Investigaciones Agroambientales y de Economía del Agua (INAGEA), Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
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20
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Hua L, Stevenson SR, Reyna-Llorens I, Xiong H, Kopriva S, Hibberd JM. The bundle sheath of rice is conditioned to play an active role in water transport as well as sulfur assimilation and jasmonic acid synthesis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:268-286. [PMID: 33901336 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Leaves comprise multiple cell types but our knowledge of the patterns of gene expression that underpin their functional specialization is fragmentary. Our understanding and ability to undertake the rational redesign of these cells is therefore limited. We aimed to identify genes associated with the incompletely understood bundle sheath of C3 plants, which represents a key target associated with engineering traits such as C4 photosynthesis into Oryza sativa (rice). To better understand the veins, bundle sheath and mesophyll cells of rice, we used laser capture microdissection followed by deep sequencing. Gene expression of the mesophyll is conditioned to allow coenzyme metabolism and redox homeostasis, as well as photosynthesis. In contrast, the bundle sheath is specialized in water transport, sulphur assimilation and jasmonic acid biosynthesis. Despite the small chloroplast compartment of bundle sheath cells, substantial photosynthesis gene expression was detected. These patterns of gene expression were not associated with the presence or absence of specific transcription factors in each cell type, but were instead associated with gradients in expression across the leaf. Comparative analysis with C3 Arabidopsis identified a small gene set preferentially expressed in the bundle sheath cells of both species. This gene set included genes encoding transcription factors from 14 orthogroups and proteins allowing water transport, sulphate assimilation and jasmonic acid synthesis. The most parsimonious explanation for our findings is that bundle sheath cells from the last common ancestor of rice and Arabidopsis were specialized in this manner, and as the species diverged these patterns of gene expression have been maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Hua
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Sean R Stevenson
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Ivan Reyna-Llorens
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Haiyan Xiong
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Stanislav Kopriva
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, Cologne, 50674, Germany
| | - Julian M Hibberd
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
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21
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Fichman Y, Mittler R. Integration of electric, calcium, reactive oxygen species and hydraulic signals during rapid systemic signaling in plants. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:7-20. [PMID: 34058040 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The sensing of abiotic stress, mechanical injury or pathogen attack by a single plant tissue results in the activation of systemic signals that travel from the affected tissue to the entire plant. This process is essential for plant survival during stress and is termed systemic signaling. Among the different signals triggered during this process are calcium, electric, reactive oxygen species and hydraulic signals. These are thought to propagate at rapid rates through the plant vascular bundles and to regulate many of the systemic processes essential for plant survival. Although the different signals activated during systemic signaling are thought to be interlinked, their coordination and hierarchy still need to be determined. Here, using a combination of advanced whole-plant imaging and hydraulic pressure measurements, we studied the activation of all four systemic signals in wild-type and different Arabidopsis thaliana mutants subjected to a local treatment of high-light (HL) stress or wounding. Our findings reveal that activation of systemic membrane potential, calcium, reactive oxygen species and hydraulic pressure signals, in response to wounding, is dependent on glutamate receptor-like proteins 3.3 and 3.6. In contrast, in response to HL stress, systemic changes in calcium and membrane potential depended on glutamate receptor-like 3.3 and 3.6, while systemic hydraulic signals did not. We further show that plasmodesmata functions are required for systemic changes in membrane potential and calcium during responses to HL stress or wounding. Our findings shed new light on the different mechanisms that integrate different systemic signals in plants during stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosef Fichman
- The Division of Plant Sciences and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins St, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Ron Mittler
- The Division of Plant Sciences and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins St, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins St, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
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22
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Photosynthesis-independent production of reactive oxygen species in the rice bundle sheath during high light is mediated by NADPH oxidase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2022702118. [PMID: 34155141 PMCID: PMC8237631 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2022702118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
When exposed to high light, plants produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). In Arabidopsis thaliana, local stress such as excess heat or light initiates a systemic ROS wave in phloem and xylem cells dependent on NADPH oxidase/respiratory burst oxidase homolog (RBOH) proteins. In the case of excess light, although the initial local accumulation of ROS preferentially takes place in bundle-sheath strands, little is known about how this response takes place. Using rice and the ROS probes diaminobenzidine and 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, we found that, after exposure to high light, ROS were produced more rapidly in bundle-sheath strands than mesophyll cells. This response was not affected either by CO2 supply or photorespiration. Consistent with these findings, deep sequencing of messenger RNA (mRNA) isolated from mesophyll or bundle-sheath strands indicated balanced accumulation of transcripts encoding all major components of the photosynthetic apparatus. However, transcripts encoding several isoforms of the superoxide/H2O2-producing enzyme NADPH oxidase were more abundant in bundle-sheath strands than mesophyll cells. ROS production in bundle-sheath strands was decreased in mutant alleles of the bundle-sheath strand preferential isoform of OsRBOHA and increased when it was overexpressed. Despite the plethora of pathways able to generate ROS in response to excess light, NADPH oxidase-mediated accumulation of ROS in the rice bundle-sheath strand was detected in etiolated leaves lacking chlorophyll. We conclude that photosynthesis is not necessary for the local ROS response to high light but is in part mediated by NADPH oxidase activity.
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23
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Attia Z, Pogoda CS, Reinert S, Kane NC, Hulke BS. Breeding for sustainable oilseed crop yield and quality in a changing climate. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:1817-1827. [PMID: 33496832 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03770-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
As the effects of climate change continue to alter crop-growing conditions year-to-year on both prime and marginal agricultural landscapes, we must consider the effects not only on yield but also on quality. This is particularly true for oilseed crops. In this review, we explore the importance of oilseeds in general and the specific uses of major oilseed crops including soybean, sunflower, canola, peanut, and cottonseed. We review the physiology of seed oil production, from the perspective of the plant's adaptation to environmental changes. Of particular importance is the role of temperature and water availability on oil synthesis. We then discuss how this influences genetic variation, phenotype variability due to environment, and the interaction of genetics and environment to affect composition and yield of vegetable oils. The ability to predict these effects using genomics and bioinformatics is an important new frontier for breeders to maximize stability of a desired fatty acid composition for their crop over increasingly extreme agricultural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziv Attia
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of Colorado, 1900 Pleasant Street, 334 UCB, Boulder, CO, 80309-0334, US
| | - Cloe S Pogoda
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of Colorado, 1900 Pleasant Street, 334 UCB, Boulder, CO, 80309-0334, US
| | - Stephan Reinert
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of Colorado, 1900 Pleasant Street, 334 UCB, Boulder, CO, 80309-0334, US
- Center for Computational and Theoretical Biology, Julius-Maximilian University Würzburg, Hubland North 32, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nolan C Kane
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of Colorado, 1900 Pleasant Street, 334 UCB, Boulder, CO, 80309-0334, US
| | - Brent S Hulke
- USDA-ARS Edward T Schafer Agricultural Research Center, 1616 Albrecht Blvd. N, Fargo, ND, 58102-2765, US.
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Grunwald Y, Wigoda N, Sade N, Yaaran A, Torne T, Gosa SC, Moran N, Moshelion M. Arabidopsis leaf hydraulic conductance is regulated by xylem sap pH, controlled, in turn, by a P-type H + -ATPase of vascular bundle sheath cells. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:301-313. [PMID: 33735498 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The leaf vascular bundle sheath cells (BSCs) that tightly envelop the leaf veins, are a selective and dynamic barrier to xylem sap water and solutes radially entering the mesophyll cells. Under normal conditions, xylem sap pH below 6 is presumably important for driving and regulating the transmembranal solute transport. Having discovered recently a differentially high expression of a BSC proton pump, AHA2, we now test the hypothesis that it regulates the xylem sap pH and leaf radial water fluxes. We monitored the xylem sap pH in the veins of detached leaves of wild-type Arabidopsis, AHA mutants and aha2 mutants complemented with AHA2 gene solely in BSCs. We tested an AHA inhibitor (vanadate) and stimulator (fusicoccin), and different pH buffers. We monitored their impact on the xylem sap pH and the leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf ), and the effect of pH on the water osmotic permeability (Pf ) of isolated BSCs protoplasts. We found that AHA2 is necessary for xylem sap acidification, and in turn, for elevating Kleaf . Conversely, AHA2 knockdown, which alkalinized the xylem sap, or, buffering its pH to 7.5, reduced Kleaf , and elevating external pH to 7.5 decreased the BSCs Pf . All these showed a causative link between AHA2 activity in BSCs and leaf radial hydraulic water conductance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Grunwald
- The R.H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Noa Wigoda
- The R.H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Nir Sade
- The R.H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences at Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Adi Yaaran
- The R.H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Tanmayee Torne
- The R.H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Sanbon Chaka Gosa
- The R.H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Nava Moran
- The R.H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- The R.H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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Abstract
Since 1893, when the word "photosynthesis" was first coined by Charles Reid Barnes and Conway MacMillan, our understanding of the elements and regulation of this complex process is far from being entirely understood. We aim to review the most relevant advances in photosynthesis research from the last few years and to provide a perspective on the forthcoming research in this field. Recent discoveries related to light sensing, harvesting, and dissipation; kinetics of CO2 fixation; components and regulators of CO2 diffusion through stomata and mesophyll; and genetic engineering for improving photosynthetic and production capacities of crops are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia V Perera-Castro
- Department of Biology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, INAGEA, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Jaume Flexas
- Department of Biology, Universitat de les Illes Balears, INAGEA, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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26
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Correia PMP, da Silva AB, Vaz M, Carmo-Silva E, Marques da Silva J. Efficient Regulation of CO 2 Assimilation Enables Greater Resilience to High Temperature and Drought in Maize. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:675546. [PMID: 34381474 PMCID: PMC8350398 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.675546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Increasing temperatures and extended drought episodes are among the major constraints affecting food production. Maize has a relatively high temperature optimum for photosynthesis compared to C3 crops, however, the response of this important C4 crop to the combination of heat and drought stress is poorly understood. Here, we hypothesized that resilience to high temperature combined with water deficit (WD) would require efficient regulation of the photosynthetic traits of maize, including the C4-CO2 concentrating mechanism (CCM). Two genotypes of maize with contrasting levels of drought and heat tolerance, B73 and P0023, were acclimatized at high temperature (38°C versus 25°C) under well-watered (WW) or WD conditions. The photosynthetic performance was evaluated by gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence, and in vitro activities of key enzymes for carboxylation (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase), decarboxylation (NADP-malic enzyme), and carbon fixation (Rubisco). Both genotypes successfully acclimatized to the high temperature, although with different mechanisms: while B73 maintained the photosynthetic rates by increasing stomatal conductance (gs), P0023 maintained gs and showed limited transpiration. When WD was experienced in combination with high temperatures, limited transpiration allowed water-savings and acted as a drought stress avoidance mechanism. The photosynthetic efficiency in P0023 was sustained by higher phosphorylated PEPC and electron transport rate (ETR) near vascular tissues, supplying chemical energy for an effective CCM. These results suggest that the key traits for drought and heat tolerance in maize are limited transpiration rate, allied with a synchronized regulation of the carbon assimilation metabolism. These findings can be exploited in future breeding efforts aimed at improving maize resilience to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro M. P. Correia
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Pedro M. P. Correia,
| | - Anabela Bernardes da Silva
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Margarida Vaz
- Departamento de Biologia, Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture (MED), Environment and Development, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | | | - Jorge Marques da Silva
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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27
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Albuquerque C, Scoffoni C, Brodersen CR, Buckley TN, Sack L, McElrone AJ. Coordinated decline of leaf hydraulic and stomatal conductances under drought is not linked to leaf xylem embolism for different grapevine cultivars. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:7286-7300. [PMID: 33306796 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Drought decreases water transport capacity of leaves and limits gas exchange, which involves reduced leaf leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf) in both the xylem and outside-xylem pathways. Some literature suggests that grapevines are hyper-susceptible to drought-induced xylem embolism. We combined Kleaf and gas exchange measurements, micro-computed tomography of intact leaves, and spatially explicit modeling of the outside-xylem pathways to evaluate the role of vein embolism and Kleaf in the responses of two different grapevine cultivars to drought. Cabernet Sauvignon and Chardonnay exhibited similar vulnerabilities of Kleaf and gs to dehydration, decreasing substantially prior to leaf xylem embolism. Kleaf and gs decreased by 80% for both cultivars by Ψ leaf approximately -0.7 MPa and -1.2 MPa, respectively, while leaf xylem embolism initiated around Ψ leaf = -1.25 MPa in the midribs and little to no embolism was detected in minor veins even under severe dehydration for both cultivars. Modeling results indicated that reduced membrane permeability associated with a Casparian-like band in the leaf vein bundle sheath would explain declines in Kleaf of both cultivars. We conclude that during moderate water stress, changes in the outside-xylem pathways, rather than xylem embolism, are responsible for reduced Kleaf and gs. Understanding this mechanism could help to ensure adequate carbon capture and crop performance under drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caetano Albuquerque
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, 595 Hilgard Lane, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Christine Scoffoni
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Craig R Brodersen
- School of the Environment, Yale University, 195 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Thomas N Buckley
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Lawren Sack
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrew J McElrone
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, 595 Hilgard Lane, Davis, CA, USA
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Davis, CA, USA
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28
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Versatile Roles of Aquaporins in Plant Growth and Development. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249485. [PMID: 33322217 PMCID: PMC7763978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are universal membrane integrated water channel proteins that selectively and reversibly facilitate the movement of water, gases, metalloids, and other small neutral solutes across cellular membranes in living organisms. Compared with other organisms, plants have the largest number of AQP members with diverse characteristics, subcellular localizations and substrate permeabilities. AQPs play important roles in plant water relations, cell turgor pressure maintenance, the hydraulic regulation of roots and leaves, and in leaf transpiration, root water uptake, and plant responses to multiple biotic and abiotic stresses. They are also required for plant growth and development. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the expression and roles of diverse AQPs in the growth and development of various vegetative and reproductive organs in plants. The functions of AQPs in the intracellular translocation of hydrogen peroxide are also discussed.
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29
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Zandalinas SI, Fichman Y, Mittler R. Vascular Bundles Mediate Systemic Reactive Oxygen Signaling during Light Stress. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:3425-3435. [PMID: 32938754 PMCID: PMC7610290 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.20.00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Systemic signaling and systemic acquired acclimation (SAA) are essential for plant survival during episodes of environmental stress. Recent studies highlighted a key role for reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling in mediating systemic responses and SAA during light stress in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). These studies further identified the RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG D (RBOHD) protein as a key player in mediating rapid systemic ROS responses. Here, we report that tissue-specific expression of RBOHD in phloem or xylem parenchyma cells of the rbohD mutant restores systemic ROS signaling, systemic stress-response transcript expression, and SAA to a local treatment of light stress. We further demonstrate that RBOHD and RBOHF are both required for local and systemic ROS signaling at the vascular bundles of Arabidopsis. Taken together, our findings highlight a key role for RBOHD-driven ROS production at the vascular bundles of Arabidopsis in mediating light stress-induced systemic signaling and SAA. In addition, they suggest that the integration of ROS, calcium, electric, and hydraulic signals, during systemic signaling, occurs at the vascular bundles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara I Zandalinas
- Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources, and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65201
| | - Yosef Fichman
- Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources, and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65201
| | - Ron Mittler
- Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources, and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65201
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30
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Merlaen B, De Keyser E, Van Labeke MC. The jasmonic acid pathway, rather than abscisic acid, may partly explain contrasting stomatal responses in two strawberry cultivars under osmotic stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 151:21-33. [PMID: 32179469 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a major threat in agriculture and horticulture, including commercial strawberry production. Here, we compare hormonal regulation of a first-line drought stress response, namely stomatal closure, in two Fragaria x ananassa cultivars, known to differ in their drought stress phenotype. We show that the observed difference in xylem abscisic acid accumulation cannot explain the different stomatal responses under osmotic stress. Foliar abscisic acid accumulation cannot fully account for the stomatal behavior in one of both cultivars either. An indirect effect of abscisic acid on stomatal conductance via an impact on leaf hydraulic conductance, possibly mediated via aquaporins, as is recently proposed in literature, was not observed here. Next, we show that these two cultivars respond differently to jasmonic acid and one of its precursors. This difference in sensitivity of the jasmonates pathway between both cultivars may partly explain the different stomatal response. This study contributes to the understanding of the regulation of an important drought stress response in an economically important crop prone to water deficit stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britt Merlaen
- Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Gent, Belgium.
| | - Ellen De Keyser
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Caritasstraat 39, 9090, Melle, Belgium.
| | - Marie-Christine Van Labeke
- Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Gent, Belgium.
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31
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Qiao Y, Ren J, Yin L, Liu Y, Deng X, Liu P, Wang S. Exogenous melatonin alleviates PEG-induced short-term water deficiency in maize by increasing hydraulic conductance. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:218. [PMID: 32410579 PMCID: PMC7227339 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02432-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Water deficiency is likely to become more frequent and intense as a result of global climate change, which may severely impact agricultural production in the world. The positive effects of melatonin (MEL) on alleviation drought or osmotic stress-induced water deficiency in plants has been well reported. However, the underlying mechanism of MEL on the detailed process of plant water uptake and transport under water deficiency condition remains largely unknown. RESULTS Application of 1 μM MEL led to enhanced tolerance to water deficiency stress in maize seedlings, as evidenced by maintaining the higher photosynthetic parameters, leaf water status and plant transpiration rate. The relatively higher whole-plant hydraulic conductance (Kplant) and root hydraulic conductance (Lpr) in MEL-treated seedlings suggest that exogenous MEL alleviated water deficiency stress by promoting root water absorption. HgCl2 (aquaporin inhibitor) treatment inhibit the transpiration rate in MEL-treated plants greater than those of MEL-untreated; after recovery by dithiothreitol (DTT, anti-inhibitor), the transpiration rate in MEL-treated plants increased much higher than those of untreated plants. Moreover, under water deficiency, the transcription level of aquaporin genes was up-regulated by MEL application, and the H2O2 was less accumulated in MEL-treated root. CONCLUSIONS Exogenous MEL promoted aquaporin activity, which contributed to the maintaining of Lpr and Kplant under short-term water deficiency. The increased water uptake and transport lead to improved water status and thus increased tolerance to PEG-induced short-term water deficiency in maize seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Jianhong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Lina Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Yijian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Xiping Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Peng Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018 China
| | - Shiwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
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32
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Ding L, Milhiet T, Couvreur V, Nelissen H, Meziane A, Parent B, Aesaert S, Van Lijsebettens M, Inzé D, Tardieu F, Draye X, Chaumont F. Modification of the Expression of the Aquaporin ZmPIP2;5 Affects Water Relations and Plant Growth. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 182:2154-2165. [PMID: 31980571 PMCID: PMC7140956 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.01183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The plasma membrane intrinsic protein PIP2;5 is the most highly expressed aquaporin in maize (Zea mays) roots. Here, we investigated how deregulation of PIP2;5 expression affects water relations and growth using maize overexpression (OE; B104 inbred) or knockout (KO; W22 inbred) lines. The hydraulic conductivity of the cortex cells of roots grown hydroponically was higher in PIP2;5 OE and lower in pip2;5 KO lines compared with the corresponding wild-type plants. While whole-root conductivity decreased in the KO lines compared to the wild type, no difference was observed in OE plants. This paradox was interpreted using the MECHA hydraulic model, which computes the radial flow of water within root sections. The model hints that the plasma membrane permeability of the cells is not radially uniform but that PIP2;5 may be saturated in cell layers with apoplastic barriers, i.e. the endodermis and exodermis, suggesting the presence of posttranslational mechanisms controlling the abundance of PIP in the plasma membrane in these cells. At the leaf level, where the PIP2;5 gene is weakly expressed in wild-type plants, the hydraulic conductance was higher in the PIP2;5 OE lines compared with the wild-type plants, whereas no difference was observed in the pip2;5 KO lines. The temporal trend of leaf elongation rate, used as a proxy for that of xylem water potential, was faster in PIP2;5 OE plants upon mild stress, but not in well-watered conditions, demonstrating that PIP2;5 may play a beneficial role in plant growth under specific conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ding
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Thomas Milhiet
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Valentin Couvreur
- Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Hilde Nelissen
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie-Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Adel Meziane
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress Environnementaux (LEPSE), Université de Montpellier, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), F-34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Boris Parent
- Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress Environnementaux (LEPSE), Université de Montpellier, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), F-34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Stijn Aesaert
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie-Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mieke Van Lijsebettens
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie-Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie-Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - François Tardieu
- Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress Environnementaux (LEPSE), Université de Montpellier, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), F-34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Xavier Draye
- Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - François Chaumont
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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33
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Attia Z, Dalal A, Moshelion M. Vascular bundle sheath and mesophyll cells modulate leaf water balance in response to chitin. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 101:1368-1377. [PMID: 31680316 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plants can detect pathogen invasion by sensing microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). This sensing process leads to the induction of defense responses. Numerous MAMP mechanisms of action have been described in and outside the guard cells. Here, we describe the effects of chitin, a MAMP found in fungal cell walls and insects, on the cellular osmotic water permeability (Pf ) of the leaf vascular bundle-sheath (BS) and mesophyll cells (MCs), and its subsequent effect on leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf ). BS is a parenchymatic tissue that tightly encases the vascular system. BS cells (BSCs) have been shown to influence Kleaf through changes in their Pf , for example, after sensing the abiotic stress response-regulating hormone abscisic acid. It was recently reported that, in Arabidopsis, the chitin receptors-like kinases, chitin elicitor receptor kinase 1 (CERK1) and LYSINE MOTIF RECEPTOR KINASE 5 (LYK5) are highly expressed in the BS as well as the neighboring mesophyll. Therefore, we studied the possible impact of chitin on these cells. Our results revealed that BSCs and MCs exhibit a sharp decrease in Pf in response to chitin treatment. In addition, xylem-fed chitin decreased Kleaf and led to stomatal closure. However, Atlyk5 mutant showed none of these responses. Complementing AtLYK5 in the BSCs (using the SCARECROW promoter) resulted in the response to chitin that was similar to that observed in the wild-type. These results suggest that BS play a role in the perception of apoplastic chitin and in initiating chitin-triggered immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziv Attia
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Ahan Dalal
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
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34
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Xiong D, Nadal M. Linking water relations and hydraulics with photosynthesis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 101:800-815. [PMID: 31677190 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
For land plants, water is the principal governor of growth. Photosynthetic performance is highly dependent on the stable and suitable water status of leaves, which is balanced by the water transport capacity, the water loss rate as well as the water capacitance of the plant. This review discusses the links between leaf water status and photosynthesis, specifically focussing on the coordination of CO2 and water transport within leaves, and the potential role of leaf capacitance and elasticity on CO2 and water transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Xiong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Miquel Nadal
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB) - Institute of Agro-Environmental Research and Water Economy (INAGEA), Carretera de Valldemossa, 07122, Palma, Spain
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Chomthong M, Griffiths H. Model approaches to advance crassulacean acid metabolism system integration. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 101:951-963. [PMID: 31943394 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This review summarises recent progress in understanding crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) systems and the integration of internal and external stimuli to maximise water-use efficiency. Complex CAM traits have been reduced to their minimum and captured as computational models, which can now be refined using recently available data from transgenic manipulations and large-scale omics studies. We identify three key areas in which an appropriate choice of modelling tool could help capture relevant comparative molecular data to address the evolutionary drivers and plasticity of CAM. One focus is to identify the environmental and internal signals that drive inverse stomatal opening at night. Secondly, it is important to identify the regulatory processes required to orchestrate the diel pattern of carbon fluxes within mesophyll layers. Finally, the limitations imposed by contrasting succulent systems and associated hydraulic conductance components should be compared in the context of water-use and evolutionary strategies. While network analysis of transcriptomic data can provide insights via co-expression modules and hubs, alternative forms of computational modelling should be used iteratively to define the physiological significance of key components and informing targeted functional gene manipulation studies. We conclude that the resultant improvements of bottom-up, mechanistic modelling systems can enhance progress towards capturing the physiological controls for phylogenetically diverse CAM systems in the face of the recent surge of information in this omics era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Methawi Chomthong
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Howard Griffiths
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
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Clemente-Moreno MJ, Gago J, Díaz-Vivancos P, Bernal A, Miedes E, Bresta P, Liakopoulos G, Fernie AR, Hernández JA, Flexas J. The apoplastic antioxidant system and altered cell wall dynamics influence mesophyll conductance and the rate of photosynthesis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 99:1031-1046. [PMID: 31215089 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Mesophyll conductance (gm ), the diffusion of CO2 from substomatal cavities to the carboxylation sites in the chloroplasts, is a highly complex trait driving photosynthesis (net CO2 assimilation, AN ). However, little is known concerning the mechanisms by which it is dynamically regulated. The apoplast is considered as a 'key information bridge' between the environment and cells. Interestingly, most of the environmental constraints affecting gm also cause apoplastic responses, cell wall (CW) alterations and metabolic rearrangements. Since CW thickness is a key determinant of gm , we hypothesize that other changes in this cellular compartiment should also influence gm . We study the relationship between the antioxidant apoplastic system and CW metabolism and the gm responses in tobacco plants (Nicotiana sylvestris L.) under two abiotic stresses (drought and salinity), combining in vivo gas-exchange measurements with analyses of antioxidant activities, CW composition and primary metabolism. Stress treatments imposed substantial reductions in AN (58-54%) and gm (59%), accompanied by a strong antioxidant enzymatic response at the apoplastic and symplastic levels. Interestingly, apoplastic but not symplastic peroxidases were positively related to gm . Leaf anatomy remained mostly stable; however, the stress treatments significantly affected the CW composition, specifically pectins, which showed significant relationships with AN and gm . The treatments additionally promoted a differential primary metabolic response, and specific CW-related metabolites including galactose, glucosamine and hydroxycinnamate showed exclusive relationships with gm independent of the stress. These results suggest that gm responses can be attributed to specific changes in the apoplastic antioxidant system and CW metabolism, opening up more possibilities for improving photosynthesis using breeding/biotechnological strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Clemente-Moreno
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB)-Instituto de Agroecología y Economía del Agua (INAGEA), ctra. Valldemossa km 7,5, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Jorge Gago
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB)-Instituto de Agroecología y Economía del Agua (INAGEA), ctra. Valldemossa km 7,5, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Pedro Díaz-Vivancos
- Fruit Tree Biotechnology Group, Department of Plant Breeding, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, PO Box 164, E-30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Agustina Bernal
- Fruit Tree Biotechnology Group, Department of Plant Breeding, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, PO Box 164, E-30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Eva Miedes
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Campus Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Panagiota Bresta
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Votanikos, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Liakopoulos
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Votanikos, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Central Metabolism Group, Molecular Physiology Department, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany
| | - José Antonio Hernández
- Fruit Tree Biotechnology Group, Department of Plant Breeding, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, PO Box 164, E-30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jaume Flexas
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB)-Instituto de Agroecología y Economía del Agua (INAGEA), ctra. Valldemossa km 7,5, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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North GB, Brinton EK, Browne MG, Gillman MG, Roddy AB, Kho TL, Wang E, Fung VA, Brodersen CR. Hydraulic conductance, resistance, and resilience: how leaves of a tropical epiphyte respond to drought. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2019; 106:943-957. [PMID: 31294833 PMCID: PMC6852343 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Because of its broad range in the neotropical rainforest and within tree canopies, the tank bromeliad Guzmania monostachia was investigated as a model of how varying leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf ) could help plants resist and recover from episodic drought. The two pathways of Kleaf , inside and outside the xylem, were also examined to determine the sites and causes of major hydraulic resistances within the leaf. METHODS We measured leaf hydraulic conductance for plants in the field and laboratory under wet, dry, and rewetted conditions and applied physiological, anatomical, and gene expression analysis with modeling to investigate changes in Kleaf . RESULTS After 7 d with no rain in the field or 14 days with no water in the glasshouse, Kleaf decreased by 50% yet increased to hydrated values within 4 d of tank refilling. Staining to detect embolism combined with modeling indicated that changes outside the xylem were of greater importance to Kleaf than were changes inside the xylem and were associated with changes in intercellular air spaces (aerenchyma), aquaporin expression and inhibition, and cuticular conductance. CONCLUSIONS Low values for all conductances during drying, particularly in pathways outside the xylem, lead to hydraulic resilience for this species and may also contribute to its broad environmental tolerances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marvin G. Browne
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | | | - Adam B. Roddy
- School of Forestry & Environmental StudiesYale UniversityNew HavenCTUSA
| | - Tiffany L. Kho
- Biology DepartmentUniversity of San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Emily Wang
- Department of BiologyOccidental CollegeLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Vitor A. Fung
- Department of BiotechnologyJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMDUSA
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Harayama H, Kitao M, Agathokleous E, Ishida A. Effects of major vein blockage and aquaporin inhibition on leaf hydraulics and stomatal conductance. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20190799. [PMID: 31161902 PMCID: PMC6571453 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.0799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The density and architecture of leaf veins determine the network and efficiency of water transport within laminae and resultant leaf gas exchange and vary widely among plant species. Leaf hydraulic conductance ( Kleaf) can be regulated by vein architecture in conjunction with the water channel protein aquaporin. However, our understanding of how leaf veins and aquaporins affect leaf hydraulics and stomatal conductance ( gs) remains poor. By inducing blockage of the major veins and inhibition of aquaporin activity using HgCl2, we examined the effects of major veins and aquaporins on Kleaf and gs in species with different venation types. A vine species, with thick first-order veins and low vein density, displayed a rapidly declined gs with high leaf water potential in response to vein blockage and a greatly reduced Kleaf and gs in response to aquaporin inhibition, suggesting that leaf aquaporins are involved in isohydric/anisohydric stomatal behaviour. Across species, the decline in Kleaf and gs due to aquaporin inhibition increased linearly with decreasing major vein density, possibly indicating that a trade-off function between vein architecture (apoplastic pathway) and aquaporin activity (cell-to-cell pathway) affects leaf hydraulics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisanori Harayama
- Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 7 Hitsujigaoka, Toyohira-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-8516, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Kitao
- Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 7 Hitsujigaoka, Toyohira-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-8516, Japan
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 7 Hitsujigaoka, Toyohira-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-8516, Japan
- Institute of Ecology, Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, People's Republic of China
| | - Atsushi Ishida
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga 520-2113, Japan
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Negin B, Yaaran A, Kelly G, Zait Y, Moshelion M. Mesophyll Abscisic Acid Restrains Early Growth and Flowering But Does Not Directly Suppress Photosynthesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 180:910-925. [PMID: 30910907 PMCID: PMC6548251 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.01334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) levels increase significantly in plants under stress conditions, and ABA is thought to serve as a key stress-response regulator. However, the direct effect of ABA on photosynthesis and the effect of mesophyll ABA on yield under both well-watered and drought conditions are still the subject of debate. Here, we examined this issue using transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants carrying a dominant ABA-signaling inhibitor under the control of a mesophyll-specific promoter (FBPase::abi1-1, abbreviated to fa). Under normal conditions, fa plants displayed slightly higher stomatal conductance and carbon assimilation than wild-type plants; however, these parameters were comparable following ABA treatment. These observations suggest that ABA does not directly inhibit photosynthesis in the short term. The fa plants also exhibited a variety of altered phenotypes under optimal conditions, including more vigorous initial growth, earlier flowering, smaller flowers, and delayed chlorophyll degradation. Furthermore, under optimal conditions, fa plant seed production was less than a third of that observed for the wild type. However, under drought conditions, wild-type and fa seed yields were similar due to a significant reduction in wild-type seed and no reduction in fa seed. These findings suggest that endogenous basal ABA inhibits a stress-escape response under nonstressed conditions, allowing plants to accumulate biomass and maximize yield. The lack of a correlation between flowering time and plant biomass combined with delayed chlorophyll degradation suggests that this stress-escape behavior is regulated independently and upstream of other ABA-induced effects such as rapid growth and flowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boaz Negin
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Adi Yaaran
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Gilor Kelly
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center Bet-Dagan 7505101, Israel
| | - Yotam Zait
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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40
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Scharwies JD, Dinneny JR. Water transport, perception, and response in plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2019; 132:311-324. [PMID: 30747327 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-019-01089-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Sufficient water availability in the environment is critical for plant survival. Perception of water by plants is necessary to balance water uptake and water loss and to control plant growth. Plant physiology and soil science research have contributed greatly to our understanding of how water moves through soil, is taken up by roots, and moves to leaves where it is lost to the atmosphere by transpiration. Water uptake from the soil is affected by soil texture itself and soil water content. Hydraulic resistances for water flow through soil can be a major limitation for plant water uptake. Changes in water supply and water loss affect water potential gradients inside plants. Likewise, growth creates water potential gradients. It is known that plants respond to changes in these gradients. Water flow and loss are controlled through stomata and regulation of hydraulic conductance via aquaporins. When water availability declines, water loss is limited through stomatal closure and by adjusting hydraulic conductance to maintain cell turgor. Plants also adapt to changes in water supply by growing their roots towards water and through refinements to their root system architecture. Mechanosensitive ion channels, aquaporins, proteins that sense the cell wall and cell membrane environment, and proteins that change conformation in response to osmotic or turgor changes could serve as putative sensors. Future research is required to better understand processes in the rhizosphere during soil drying and how plants respond to spatial differences in water availability. It remains to be investigated how changes in water availability and water loss affect different tissues and cells in plants and how these biophysical signals are translated into chemical signals that feed into signaling pathways like abscisic acid response or organ development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Daniel Scharwies
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, 371 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - José R Dinneny
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, 371 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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41
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Duarte KE, de Souza WR, Santiago TR, Sampaio BL, Ribeiro AP, Cotta MG, da Cunha BADB, Marraccini PRR, Kobayashi AK, Molinari HBC. Identification and characterization of core abscisic acid (ABA) signaling components and their gene expression profile in response to abiotic stresses in Setaria viridis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4028. [PMID: 30858491 PMCID: PMC6411973 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40623-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is an essential phytohormone that regulates growth, development and adaptation of plants to environmental stresses. In Arabidopsis and other higher plants, ABA signal transduction involves three core components namely PYR/PYL/RCAR ABA receptors (PYLs), type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs) and class III SNF-1-related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2s). In the present study, we reported the identification and characterization of the core ABA signaling components in Setaria viridis, an emerging model plant for cereals and feedstock crops presenting C4 metabolism, leading to the identification of eight PYL (SvPYL1 to 8), twelve PP2C (SvPP2C1 to 12) and eleven SnRK2 (SvSnRK2.1 through SvSnRK2.11) genes. In order to study the expression profiles of these genes, two different S. viridis accessions (A10.1 and Ast-1) were submitted to drought, salinity and cold stresses, in addition to application of exogenous ABA. Differential gene expression profiles were observed in each treatment and plant genotype, demonstrating variations of ABA stress responses within the same species. These differential responses to stresses were also assessed by physiological measurements such as photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate. This study allows a detailed analysis of gene expression of the core ABA signaling components in Setaria viridis submitted to different treatments and provides suitable targets for genetic engineering of C4 plants aiming tolerance to abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline Estefani Duarte
- Plant Biotechnology Program, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, MG, 37200-000, Brazil.,Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Embrapa Agroenergy (CNPAE), Brasilia, DF, 70770-901, Brazil
| | - Wagner Rodrigo de Souza
- Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Embrapa Agroenergy (CNPAE), Brasilia, DF, 70770-901, Brazil.,Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), São Bernardo do Campo, Santo André, SP, 09606-045, Brazil
| | - Thaís Ribeiro Santiago
- Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Embrapa Agroenergy (CNPAE), Brasilia, DF, 70770-901, Brazil
| | - Bruno Leite Sampaio
- Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Embrapa Agroenergy (CNPAE), Brasilia, DF, 70770-901, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Ribeiro
- Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Embrapa Agroenergy (CNPAE), Brasilia, DF, 70770-901, Brazil
| | - Michelle Guitton Cotta
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | | | - Pierre Roger René Marraccini
- Plant Biotechnology Program, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, MG, 37200-000, Brazil.,CIRAD, UMR AGAP (University Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, INRA), Montpellier, 34398, France.,CIRAD, UMR IPME (University Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier), Agricultural Genetics Institute, LMI RICE2, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Adilson Kenji Kobayashi
- Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Embrapa Agroenergy (CNPAE), Brasilia, DF, 70770-901, Brazil
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42
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Aubry E, Dinant S, Vilaine F, Bellini C, Le Hir R. Lateral Transport of Organic and Inorganic Solutes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E20. [PMID: 30650538 PMCID: PMC6358943 DOI: 10.3390/plants8010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Organic (e.g., sugars and amino acids) and inorganic (e.g., K⁺, Na⁺, PO₄2-, and SO₄2-) solutes are transported long-distance throughout plants. Lateral movement of these compounds between the xylem and the phloem, and vice versa, has also been reported in several plant species since the 1930s, and is believed to be important in the overall resource allocation. Studies of Arabidopsis thaliana have provided us with a better knowledge of the anatomical framework in which the lateral transport takes place, and have highlighted the role of specialized vascular and perivascular cells as an interface for solute exchanges. Important breakthroughs have also been made, mainly in Arabidopsis, in identifying some of the proteins involved in the cell-to-cell translocation of solutes, most notably a range of plasma membrane transporters that act in different cell types. Finally, in the future, state-of-art imaging techniques should help to better characterize the lateral transport of these compounds on a cellular level. This review brings the lateral transport of sugars and inorganic solutes back into focus and highlights its importance in terms of our overall understanding of plant resource allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Aubry
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France.
| | - Sylvie Dinant
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France.
| | - Françoise Vilaine
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France.
| | - Catherine Bellini
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France.
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 90183 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Rozenn Le Hir
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France.
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Kirschner S, Woodfield H, Prusko K, Koczor M, Gowik U, Hibberd JM, Westhoff P. Expression of SULTR2;2, encoding a low-affinity sulphur transporter, in the Arabidopsis bundle sheath and vein cells is mediated by a positive regulator. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:4897-4906. [PMID: 30032291 PMCID: PMC6137973 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The bundle sheath provides a conduit linking veins and mesophyll cells. In the C3 plant Arabidopsis thaliana, it also plays important roles in oxidative stress and sulphur metabolism. However, the mechanisms responsible for the patterns of gene expression that underpin these metabolic specializations are poorly understood. Here, we used the Arabidopsis SULTR2;2 gene as a model to better understand mechanisms that restrict expression to the bundle sheath. Deletion analysis indicated that the SULTR2;2 promoter contains a short region necessary for expression in the bundle sheath and veins. This sequence acts as a positive regulator and is tolerant to multiple consecutive deletions indicating considerable redundancy in the cis-elements involved. It is highly conserved in SULTR2;2 genes of the Brassicaceae and is functional in the distantly related C4 species Flaveria bidentis that belongs to the Asteraceae. We conclude that expression of SULTR2;2 in the bundle sheath and veins is underpinned by a highly redundant sequence that likely represents an ancient and conserved mechanism found in families as diverse as the Asteraceae and Brassicaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Kirschner
- Institute for Plant Molecular and Developmental Biology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Helen Woodfield
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katharina Prusko
- Institute for Plant Molecular and Developmental Biology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maria Koczor
- Institute for Plant Molecular and Developmental Biology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Udo Gowik
- Institute for Plant Molecular and Developmental Biology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julian M Hibberd
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter Westhoff
- Institute for Plant Molecular and Developmental Biology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Wang X, Du T, Huang J, Peng S, Xiong D. Leaf hydraulic vulnerability triggers the decline in stomatal and mesophyll conductance during drought in rice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:4033-4045. [PMID: 29788146 PMCID: PMC6054168 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the physiological responses of crops to drought is important for ensuring sustained crop productivity under climate change, which is expected to exacerbate the frequency and intensity of periods of drought. Drought responses involve multiple traits, and the correlations between these traits are poorly understood. Using a variety of techniques, we estimated the changes in gas exchange, leaf hydraulic conductance, and leaf turgor in rice (Oryza sativa) in response to both short- and long-term soil drought. We performed a photosynthetic limitation analysis to quantify the contributions of each limiting factor to the resultant overall decrease in photosynthesis during drought. Biomass, leaf area, and leaf width significantly decreased during the 2-week drought treatment, but leaf mass per area and leaf vein density increased. Light-saturated photosynthetic rate declined dramatically during soil drought, mainly due to the decrease in stomatal conductance (gs) and mesophyll conductance (gm). Stomatal modeling suggested that the decline in leaf hydraulic conductance explained most of the decrease in stomatal closure during the drought treatment, and may also trigger the drought-related decrease of stomatal conductance and mesophyll conductance. The results of this study provide insight into the regulation of carbon assimilation under drought conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tingting Du
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jianliang Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shaobing Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dongliang Xiong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Kuromori T, Seo M, Shinozaki K. ABA Transport and Plant Water Stress Responses. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 23:513-522. [PMID: 29731225 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
To understand the integrative networks of signaling molecules, the sites of their biosynthesis and action must be clarified, particularly for phytohormones such as abscisic acid (ABA). The relationship between the sites of ABA biosynthesis and transport has been discussed extensively in the context of guard cells and stomatal regulation. However, guard cells are not the only site of ABA action. Recent studies have reported multiple sites of ABA biosynthesis and multiple ABA transporters, indicating that ABA transport regulation is not unidirectional but rather forms complex networks. Therefore, it is important to determine how multiple ABA sources coordinately contribute to individual biological processes under various physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kuromori
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Mitsunori Seo
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.
| | - Kazuo Shinozaki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Ding L, Li Y, Gao L, Lu Z, Wang M, Ling N, Shen Q, Guo S. Aquaporin Expression and Water Transport Pathways inside Leaves Are Affected by Nitrogen Supply through Transpiration in Rice Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E256. [PMID: 29337869 PMCID: PMC5796202 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The photosynthetic rate increases under high-N supply, resulting in a large CO₂ transport conductance in mesophyll cells. It is less known that water movement is affected by nitrogen supply in leaves. This study investigated whether the expression of aquaporin and water transport were affected by low-N (0.7 mM) and high-N (7 mM) concentrations in the hydroponic culture of four rice varieties: (1) Shanyou 63 (SY63), a hybrid variant of the indica species; (2) Yangdao 6 (YD6), a variant of indica species; (3) Zhendao 11 (ZD11), a hybrid variant of japonica species; and (4) Jiuyou 418 (JY418), another hybrid of the japonica species. Both the photosynthetic and transpiration rate were increased by the high-N supply in the four varieties. The expressions of aquaporins, plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs), and tonoplast membrane intrinsic protein (TIP) were higher in high-N than low-N leaves, except in SY63. Leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf) was lower in high-N than low-N leaves in SY63, while Kleaf increased under high-N supply in the YD6 variant. Negative correlations were observed between the expression of aquaporin and the transpiration rate in different varieties. Moreover, there was a significant negative correlation between transpiration rate and intercellular air space. In conclusion, the change in expression of aquaporins could affect Kleaf and transpiration. A feedback effect of transpiration would regulate aquaporin expression. The present results imply a coordination of gas exchange with leaf hydraulic conductance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ding
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-Based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
- Institute des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Yingrui Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-Based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Limin Gao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-Based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Zhifeng Lu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-Based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Min Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-Based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Ning Ling
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-Based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Qirong Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-Based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Shiwei Guo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-Based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Gao L, Lu Z, Ding L, Guo J, Wang M, Ling N, Guo S, Shen Q. Role of Aquaporins in Determining Carbon and Nitrogen Status in Higher Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E35. [PMID: 29342938 PMCID: PMC5795985 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are integral membrane proteins facilitating the transport of water and some small neutral molecules across cell membranes. In past years, much effort has been made to reveal the location of AQPs as well as their function in water transport, photosynthetic processes, and stress responses in higher plants. In the present review, we paid attention to the character of AQPs in determining carbon and nitrogen status. The role of AQPs during photosynthesis is characterized as its function in transporting water and CO₂ across the membrane of chloroplast and thylakoid; recalculated results from published studies showed that over-expression of AQPs contributed to 25% and 50% increases in stomatal conductance (gs) and mesophyll conductance (gm), respectively. The nitrogen status in plants is regulated by AQPs through their effect on water flow as well as urea and NH₄⁺ uptake, and the potential role of AQPs in alleviating ammonium toxicity is discussed. At the same time, root and/or shoot AQP expression is quite dependent on both N supply amounts and forms. Future research directions concerning the function of AQPs in regulating plant carbon and nitrogen status as well as C/N balance are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Gao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Zhifeng Lu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Lei Ding
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve B-1348, Belgium.
| | - Junjie Guo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Min Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Ning Ling
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Shiwei Guo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Qirong Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Flexas J, Cano FJ, Carriquí M, Coopman RE, Mizokami Y, Tholen D, Xiong D. CO2 Diffusion Inside Photosynthetic Organs. THE LEAF: A PLATFORM FOR PERFORMING PHOTOSYNTHESIS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-93594-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Males J, Griffiths H. Economic and hydraulic divergences underpin ecological differentiation in the Bromeliaceae. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:64-78. [PMID: 28346742 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Leaf economic and hydraulic theories have rarely been applied to the ecological differentiation of speciose herbaceous plant radiations. The role of character trait divergences and network reorganization in the differentiation of the functional types in the megadiverse Neotropical Bromeliaceae was explored by quantifying a range of leaf economic and hydraulic traits in 50 diverse species. Functional types, which are defined by combinations of C3 or Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthesis, terrestrial or epiphytic habits, and non-specialized, tank-forming or atmospheric morphologies, segregated clearly in trait space. Most classical leaf economic relationships were supported, but they were weakened by the presence of succulence. Functional types differed in trait-network architecture, suggesting that rewiring of trait-networks caused by innovations in habit and photosynthetic pathway is an important aspect of ecological differentiation. The hydraulic data supported the coupling of leaf hydraulics and gas exchange, but not the hydraulic safety versus efficiency hypothesis, and hinted at an important role for the extra-xylary compartment in the control of bromeliad leaf hydraulics. Overall, our findings highlight the fundamental importance of structure-function relationships in the generation and maintenance of ecological diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Males
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Howard Griffiths
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
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Putpeerawit P, Sojikul P, Thitamadee S, Narangajavana J. Genome-wide analysis of aquaporin gene family and their responses to water-deficit stress conditions in cassava. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 121:118-127. [PMID: 29100101 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is an important economic crop in tropical countries. Although cassava is considered a drought-tolerant crop that can grow in arid areas, the impact of drought can significantly reduce the growth and yield of cassava storage roots. The discovery of aquaporin molecules (AQPs) in plants has resulted in a paradigm shift in the understanding of plant-water relationships, whereas the relationship between aquaporin and drought resistance in cassava still remains elusive. To investigate the potential role of aquaporin in cassava under water-deficit conditions, 45 putative MeAQPs were identified in the cassava genome. Six members of MeAQPs, containing high numbers of water stress-responsive motifs in their promoter regions, were selected for a gene expression study. Two cassava cultivars, which showed different degrees of responses to water-deficit stress, were used to test in in vitro and potted plant systems. The differential expression of all candidate MeAQPs were found in only leaves from the potted plant system were consistent with the relative water content and with the stomatal closure profile of the two cultivars. MePIP2-1 and MePIP2-10 were up-regulated and this change in their expression might regulate a special signal for water efflux out of guard cells, thus inducing stomatal closure under water-deficit conditions. In addition, the expression profiles of genes in the ABA-dependent pathway revealed an essential correlation with stomatal closure. The potential functions of MeAQPs and candidate ABA-dependent pathway genes in response to water deficit in the more tolerant cassava cultivar were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattaranit Putpeerawit
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Agricultural Biotechnology (AG-BIO/PERDO-CHE), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Punchapat Sojikul
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Siripong Thitamadee
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jarunya Narangajavana
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Agricultural Biotechnology (AG-BIO/PERDO-CHE), Bangkok, Thailand.
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