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Wu H, Ren Y, Dong H, Xie C, Zhao L, Wang X, Zhang F, Zhang B, Jiang X, Huang Y, Jing R, Wang J, Miao R, Bao X, Yu M, Nguyen T, Mou C, Wang Y, Wang Y, Lei C, Cheng Z, Jiang L, Wan J. FLOURY ENDOSPERM24, a heat shock protein 101 (HSP101), is required for starch biosynthesis and endosperm development in rice. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:2635-2651. [PMID: 38634187 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Endosperm is the main storage organ in cereal grain and determines grain yield and quality. The molecular mechanisms of heat shock proteins in regulating starch biosynthesis and endosperm development remain obscure. Here, we report a rice floury endosperm mutant flo24 that develops abnormal starch grains in the central starchy endosperm cells. Map-based cloning and complementation test showed that FLO24 encodes a heat shock protein HSP101, which is localized in plastids. The mutated protein FLO24T296I dramatically lost its ability to hydrolyze ATP and to rescue the thermotolerance defects of the yeast hsp104 mutant. The flo24 mutant develops more severe floury endosperm when grown under high-temperature conditions than normal conditions. And the FLO24 protein was dramatically induced at high temperature. FLO24 physically interacts with several key enzymes required for starch biosynthesis, including AGPL1, AGPL3 and PHO1. Combined biochemical and genetic evidence suggests that FLO24 acts cooperatively with HSP70cp-2 to regulate starch biosynthesis and endosperm development in rice. Our results reveal that FLO24 acts as an important regulator of endosperm development, which might function in maintaining the activities of enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongming Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yulong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hui Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Chen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Fulin Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Binglei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaokang Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yunshuai Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ruonan Jing
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Rong Miao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiuhao Bao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Mingzhou Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Thanhliem Nguyen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Changling Mou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yunlong Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Yihua Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Cailin Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhijun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Jianmin Wan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, 210014, China
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Babbar R, Tiwari LD, Mishra RC, Shimphrui R, Singh AA, Goyal I, Rana S, Kumar R, Sharma V, Tripathi G, Khungar L, Sharma J, Agrawal C, Singh G, Biswas T, Biswal AK, Sahi C, Sarkar NK, Grover A. Arabidopsis plants overexpressing additional copies of heat shock protein Hsp101 showed high heat tolerance and endo-gene silencing. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 330:111639. [PMID: 36796649 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Hsp101 chaperone is vital for survival of plants under heat stress. We generated transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) lines with extra copies of Hsp101 gene using diverse approaches. Arabidopsis plants transformed with rice Hsp101 cDNA driven by Arabidopsis Hsp101 promoter (IN lines) showed high heat tolerance while the plants transformed with rice Hsp101 cDNA driven by CaMV35S promoter (C lines) were like wild type plants in heat stress response. Transformation of Col-0 plants with 4633 bp Hsp101 genomic fragment (GF lines) from A. thaliana containing both its coding and the regulatory sequence resulted in mostly over-expressor (OX) lines and a few under-expressor (UX) lines of Hsp101. OX lines showed enhanced heat tolerance while the UX lines were overly heat sensitive. In UX lines, silencing of not only Hsp101 endo-gene was noted but also transcript of choline kinase (CK2) was silenced. Previous work established that in Arabidopsis, CK2 and Hsp101 are convergent gene pairs sharing a bidirectional promoter. The elevated AtHsp101 protein amount in most GF and IN lines was accompanied by lowered CK2 transcript levels under HS. We observed increased methylation of the promoter and gene sequence region in UX lines; however, methylation was lacking in OX lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Babbar
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Lalit Dev Tiwari
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Ratnesh Chandra Mishra
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Rinchuila Shimphrui
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Aditya Abha Singh
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India; Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226007, India
| | - Isha Goyal
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Surbhi Rana
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Ritesh Kumar
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Vijyesh Sharma
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Gayatri Tripathi
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Lisha Khungar
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Jaydeep Sharma
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Chhavi Agrawal
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Garima Singh
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Tanya Biswas
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Anup Kumar Biswal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, MP, India
| | - Chandan Sahi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, MP, India
| | - Neelam K Sarkar
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Anil Grover
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India.
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Anani OA, Abel I, Olomukoro JO, Onyeachu IB. Insights to proteomics and metabolomics metal chelation in food crops. JOURNAL OF PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2022; 13:159-173. [PMID: 35754947 PMCID: PMC9208750 DOI: 10.1007/s42485-022-00090-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Osikemekha Anthony Anani
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology and Forensic Biology, Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Edo State University, Uzairue, Edo State Nigeria
| | - Inobeme Abel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Edo State University, Uzairue, Auchi, Edo State Nigeria
| | - John Ovie Olomukoro
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State Nigeria
| | - Ikenna Benedict Onyeachu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Edo State University, Uzairue, Auchi, Edo State Nigeria
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Kang Y, Lee K, Hoshikawa K, Kang M, Jang S. Molecular Bases of Heat Stress Responses in Vegetable Crops With Focusing on Heat Shock Factors and Heat Shock Proteins. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:837152. [PMID: 35481144 PMCID: PMC9036485 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.837152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The effects of the climate change including an increase in the average global temperatures, and abnormal weather events such as frequent and severe heatwaves are emerging as a worldwide ecological concern due to their impacts on plant vegetation and crop productivity. In this review, the molecular processes of plants in response to heat stress-from the sensing of heat stress, the subsequent molecular cascades associated with the activation of heat shock factors and their primary targets (heat shock proteins), to the cellular responses-have been summarized with an emphasis on the classification and functions of heat shock proteins. Vegetables contain many essential vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and fibers that provide many critical health benefits to humans. The adverse effects of heat stress on vegetable growth can be alleviated by developing vegetable crops with enhanced thermotolerance with the aid of various genetic tools. To achieve this goal, a solid understanding of the molecular and/or cellular mechanisms underlying various responses of vegetables to high temperature is imperative. Therefore, efforts to identify heat stress-responsive genes including those that code for heat shock factors and heat shock proteins, their functional roles in vegetable crops, and also their application to developing vegetables tolerant to heat stress are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeeun Kang
- World Vegetable Center Korea Office, Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - Kwanuk Lee
- National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science (NIHHS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - Ken Hoshikawa
- Biological Resources and Post-harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Seonghoe Jang
- World Vegetable Center Korea Office, Wanju-gun, South Korea
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Wang J, Zhang Y, Xu N, Zhang H, Fan Y, Rui C, Han M, Malik WA, Wang Q, Sun L, Chen X, Lu X, Wang D, Zhao L, Wang J, Wang S, Chen C, Guo L, Ye W. Genome-wide identification of CK gene family suggests functional expression pattern against Cd 2+ stress in Gossypium hirsutum L. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 188:272-282. [PMID: 34364943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Choline kinase (CK) gene plays an important role in plants growth, development and resistance to stress. It mainly regulates the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine. This study aims to explore the structure-function relationship, and to provide a framework for functional validation and biochemical characterization of various CK genes. Our analysis showed that 87 CK genes were identified in cotton and 7 diploid plants, of which 43 genes encode CK proteins in 4 cotton species, and 13 genes were identified in Gossypium hirsutum. Most of GhCK genes are affected by the abiotic stress conditions, indicating the importance of CK proteins for plant development and response to abiotic stress. RT-qPCR analysis showed the tissue specificity of GhCK genes in response to Cd2+ and other abiotic stresses. Under Cd2+ stress, the expression level of GhCK gene family members has undergone different changes. The expression level of GhCK5 was enhanced, indicating that Cd2+ stress caused the increase of phosphatidylcholine content, which in turn reacted on the plant cell membrane, finally reached the absorption of Cd2+ into plant cells to repair Cd2+ the purpose of contaminated soil. This study will further broaden our understanding of the association between evolution and function of the GhCK gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Research Base, Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Yuexin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Research Base, Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Nan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Research Base, Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Research Base, Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Yapeng Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Research Base, Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Cun Rui
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Research Base, Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Mingge Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Research Base, Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Waqar Afzal Malik
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Research Base, Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Qinqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Research Base, Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Liangqing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Research Base, Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Xiugui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Research Base, Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Xuke Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Research Base, Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Delong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Research Base, Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Lanjie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Research Base, Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Junjuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Research Base, Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Research Base, Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Chao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Research Base, Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Lixue Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Research Base, Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Wuwei Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Research Base, Zhengzhou University, Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, Henan 455000, China.
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Protective Roles of Cytosolic and Plastidal Proteasomes on Abiotic Stress and Pathogen Invasion. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9070832. [PMID: 32630761 PMCID: PMC7412383 DOI: 10.3390/plants9070832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Protein malfunction is typically caused by abiotic stressors. To ensure cell survival during conditions of stress, it is important for plant cells to maintain proteins in their respective functional conformation. Self-compartmentalizing proteases, such as ATP-dependent Clp proteases and proteasomes are designed to act in the crowded cellular environment, and they are responsible for degradation of misfolded or damaged proteins within the cell. During different types of stress conditions, the levels of misfolded or orphaned proteins that are degraded by the 26S proteasome in the cytosol and nucleus and by the Clp proteases in the mitochondria and chloroplasts increase. This allows cells to uphold feedback regulations to cellular-level signals and adjust to altered environmental conditions. In this review, we summarize recent findings on plant proteolytic complexes with respect to their protective functions against abiotic and biotic stressors.
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Panzade KP, Vishwakarma H, Padaria JC. Heat stress inducible cytoplasmic isoform of ClpB1 from Z. nummularia exhibits enhanced thermotolerance in transgenic tobacco. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:3821-3831. [PMID: 32367315 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05472-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we isolated CDS of Ziziphus nummularia isoform ZnJClpB1-C from heat stress-tolerant genotype Jaisalmer. To further functionally validate ZnJClpB1-C assumed function in tobacco and to generate novel germplasm for heat stress tolerance, this gene was transformed in the Nicotiana tabacum. ClpB proteins are the major key player required for basal and induced heat stress tolerance in plant cells under heat stress. In Ziziphus nummularia ClpB1-C transcript from genotype Jaisalmer was highly upregulated under heat stress conditions, as reported earlier. Nine transgenic lines (T1) from three transgenic tobacco events with single-copy integration (T0 stage) were taken for heat stress analysis at seedling stage. Mature tobacco transgenic plants did not show any deformity as compared to wild plants when grown under normal conditions. Overexpression of ZnJClpB1-C in tobacco significantly increased the tolerance to heat stress. Under heat stress conditions (42 °C), T1 transgenic tobacco seedlings showed higher photosynthetic rate, relative water content, membrane stability index and lower levels of MDA, compared to the wild type untransformed plants. The qRT-PCR analysis revealed different level of transgene expression (1.08 to 3.89 folds) in 9 T1 transgenic lines. In vitro roles of ZnJClpB1-C regulating thermotolerance is not reported so far. These results demonstrated the positive roles of ZnJClpB1-C in enhancing thermotolerance and its use as a genomic resource in the near future for developing heat stress-tolerant germplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishor Prabhakar Panzade
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
- PG School, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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8
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Arnaiz A, Martinez M, Gonzalez-Melendi P, Grbic V, Diaz I, Santamaria ME. Plant Defenses Against Pests Driven by a Bidirectional Promoter. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:930. [PMID: 31379907 PMCID: PMC6652247 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The plant defense responses to pests results in the synchronized change of a complex network of interconnected genes and signaling pathways. An essential part of this process is mediated by the binding of transcription factors to the specific responsive cis-elements within in the promoters of phytophagous-responsive genes. In this work, it is reported the identification and characterization of a bidirectional promoter that simultaneously co-regulate two divergent genes, At5g10300 and At5g10290, upon arthropod feeding. Computational analysis identified the presence of cis-elements within the intergenic region between two loci, mainly from the DOF but also from the AP2/ERF, Golden 2-like and bHLH families. The function of the bidirectional promoter was analyzed using two enhanced variants of the GFP and CherryFP reporter genes, in both orientations, in transient tobacco and stably transformed Arabidopsis plants. Promoter activity was tested in response to feeding of Tetranychus urticae and Pieris brassicae, as well as wounding, flagellin and chitin treatments. Using RT-qPCR assays and confocal microscopy, it was shown that all treatments resulted in the induction of both reporter genes. Furthermore, our findings revealed the asymmetric character of the promoter with stronger activity in the forward than in the reverse orientation. This study provides an example of a bidirectional promoter with a strong potential to be used in plant biotechnology in pest control that requires stacking of the defense genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Arnaiz
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Martinez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Gonzalez-Melendi
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vojislava Grbic
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Isabel Diaz
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Estrella Santamaria
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: M. Estrella Santamaria,
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Romero-Rodríguez MC, Jorrín-Novo JV, Castillejo MA. Toward characterizing germination and early growth in the non-orthodox forest tree species Quercus ilex through complementary gel and gel-free proteomic analysis of embryo and seedlings. J Proteomics 2018; 197:60-70. [PMID: 30408563 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
By using two complementary proteomics, gel-based and gel-free (shotgun) approaches, the protein profiles of the non-orthodox forest tree species Quercus ilex seeds during germination and early seedling growth have been compared. Proteins were extracted from embryo axis, radicle and shoot tissues at different developmental stages. Proteins were subjected to one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. A multivariate analysis (PCA) revealed that SDS-PAGE clearly separated germination (0-24 h post-imbibition), postgermination (72-216 h post-imbibition) and early seedling growth stages (2 weeks post-imbibition). Image analysis of the two-dimensional gels revealed a total of 732 spots, 103 of which were significantly variable among developmental stages. After MALDI-TOF/TOF MS analysis, 90 spots were identified, belonging to six main functional categories: carbohydrate, amino acids, energy, and protein metabolism, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and redox processes. The gel-based approach disclosed important metabolic changes that occurred in the holm oak seed after the germination. However, few proteins were significantly altered during the germination period (from 0 h to 24 h post imbibition) and, because of that, a further shotgun analysis was therefore used to analyse changes in the protein profile during seed germination. Up to 1250 proteins could be confidently identified, with 153 being variable. They belonged to the main functional categories of carbohydrate, amino acids and secondary metabolism, protein degradation, and responses to abiotic stress. The accumulation of proteases and amino acids metabolism proteins in mature seeds can be reflecting the production of energy from the mobilization of storage proteins to start germination. These results, therefore, corroborate the hypothesis that the mature non-orthodox seeds of Q. ilex have all the machinery necessary for rapidly resuming metabolic activities and starting the germination process, in contrast to that occurs in orthodox seeds, which metabolic activity ceases in mature dry seeds. The use of a genus-specific database combined with the public Viridiplantae database improved the quality and quantity of protein identification in this orphan species. In addition, both proteomics approaches (gel-based and shotgun) were complementary, with shotgun increasing by over two-fold the coverage of the proteome analysed. Both approaches provided similar results and supported the same conclusions on the metabolic switch experienced by the seed upon germination. SIGNIFICANCE: The optimal seed germination is a prerequisite for successful seedling establishment and plant vigour, being of great relevance in the case of crops and commercial woody plants. By using a complementary gel-based and gel-free proteomic strategy we have study the protein profiles of the non-orthodox forest tree species Quercus ilex seeds during germination and early seedling growth. The contribution of this work is of great importance, due to the complemented proteomic approaches giving similar clues to the metabolic state of the mature Q. ilex seed before the germination starts, and the metabolic switch experienced by the imbibed acorn until the seedling is established.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Cristina Romero-Rodríguez
- Agroforestry and Plant Biochemistry, Proteomics, and Systems Biology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology- ETSIAM, University of Cordoba, UCO-CeiA3, Spain; Centro Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Tecnológicas, Dirección General de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Paraguay; Departamento de Química Biológica, Dirección de Investigaciones, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Paraguay.
| | - Jesús V Jorrín-Novo
- Agroforestry and Plant Biochemistry, Proteomics, and Systems Biology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology- ETSIAM, University of Cordoba, UCO-CeiA3, Spain
| | - María Angeles Castillejo
- Agroforestry and Plant Biochemistry, Proteomics, and Systems Biology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology- ETSIAM, University of Cordoba, UCO-CeiA3, Spain.
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Structural and Functional Analysis of a Bidirectional Promoter from Gossypium hirsutum in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113291. [PMID: 30360512 PMCID: PMC6274729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Stacked traits have become an important trend in the current development of genomically modified crops. The bidirectional promoter can not only prevent the co-suppression of multigene expression, but also increase the efficiency of the cultivation of transgenic plants with multigenes. In Gossypium hirsutum, Ghrack1 and Ghuhrf1 are head-to-head gene pairs located on chromosome D09. We cloned the 1429-bp intergenic region between the Ghrack1 and Ghuhrf1 genes from Gossypium hirsutum. The cloned DNA fragment GhZU had the characteristics of a bidirectional promoter, with 38.7% G+C content, three CpG islands and no TATA-box. Using gfp and gus as reporter genes, a series of expression vectors were constructed into young leaves of tobacco. The histochemical GUS (Beta-glucuronidase) assay and GFP (green fluorescence protein) detection results indicated that GhZU could drive the expression of the reporter genes gus and gfp simultaneously in both orientations. Furthermore, we transformed the expression vectors into Arabidopsis and found that GUS was concentrated at vigorous growth sites, such as the leaf tip, the base of the leaves and pod, and the stigma. GFP was also mainly expressed in the epidermis of young leaves. In summary, we determined that the intergenic region GhZU was an orientation-dependent bidirectional promoter, and this is the first report on the bidirectional promoter from Gossypium hirsutum. Our findings in this study are likely to enhance understanding on the regulatory mechanisms of plant bidirectional promoters.
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Liu X, Li S, Yang W, Mu B, Jiao Y, Zhou X, Zhang C, Fan Y, Chen R. Synthesis of Seed-Specific Bidirectional Promoters for Metabolic Engineering of Anthocyanin-Rich Maize. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:1942-1955. [PMID: 29917151 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-specific promoters play an important role in plant molecular farming. Here, we describe a strategy to modify the tissue specificity of a maize embryo-specific bidirectional promoter PZmBD1. Six types of cis-elements, i.e. RY repeats (R), GCN4 (G), the prolamin box (P), Skn-1 (S), and the ACGT and AACA (A) motifs, were collected and fused to PZmBD1 to generate eight chimeric putative bidirectional promoters. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of reporter genes driven by the promoters showed that two promoters exhibited high seed-specific bidirectional activity in maize transient and stable transformed systems. The stronger one was chosen and fused to the intergenic region of two gene clusters consisting of four anthocyanin biosynthesis-related genes (ZmBz1, ZmBz2, ZmC1 and ZmR2) and seven reporter genes, resulting in the first embryo and endosperm anthocyanin-rich purple maize. Anthocyanin analysis showed that the total anthocyanin content reaches 2,910 mg kg-1 DW in transgenic maize and cyanidin is the major anthocyanin in transgenic maize, as in natural varieties. The expression profile analysis of endogenous genes showed that the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway was activated by two transgenic transcription factor genes ZmC1 and ZmR2. Our results indicate that both the modification strategy and these functionally characterized tissue-specific bidirectional promoters generated could be used for genetic research and development of plant biotechnology products. The anthocyanin-rich purple maize could provide economic natural colorants for the food and beverage industry, and valuable germplasm for developing anthocyanin-rich fresh corn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Liu
- Department of Crop Genomics & Genetic Improvement, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 ZhongGuanCun South Street, Beijing, China
| | - Suzhen Li
- Department of Crop Genomics & Genetic Improvement, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 ZhongGuanCun South Street, Beijing, China
| | - Wenzhu Yang
- Department of Crop Genomics & Genetic Improvement, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 ZhongGuanCun South Street, Beijing, China
| | - Bona Mu
- Department of Crop Genomics & Genetic Improvement, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 ZhongGuanCun South Street, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Jiao
- Department of Crop Genomics & Genetic Improvement, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 ZhongGuanCun South Street, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Biology of Anhui Province, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaojin Zhou
- Department of Crop Genomics & Genetic Improvement, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 ZhongGuanCun South Street, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyi Zhang
- Department of Crop Genomics & Genetic Improvement, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 ZhongGuanCun South Street, Beijing, China
| | - Yunliu Fan
- Department of Crop Genomics & Genetic Improvement, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 ZhongGuanCun South Street, Beijing, China
| | - Rumei Chen
- Department of Crop Genomics & Genetic Improvement, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 ZhongGuanCun South Street, Beijing, China
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12
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Hasan MK, Cheng Y, Kanwar MK, Chu XY, Ahammed GJ, Qi ZY. Responses of Plant Proteins to Heavy Metal Stress-A Review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1492. [PMID: 28928754 PMCID: PMC5591867 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Plants respond to environmental pollutants such as heavy metal(s) by triggering the expression of genes that encode proteins involved in stress response. Toxic metal ions profoundly affect the cellular protein homeostasis by interfering with the folding process and aggregation of nascent or non-native proteins leading to decreased cell viability. However, plants possess a range of ubiquitous cellular surveillance systems that enable them to efficiently detoxify heavy metals toward enhanced tolerance to metal stress. As proteins constitute the major workhorses of living cells, the chelation of metal ions in cytosol with phytochelatins and metallothioneins followed by compartmentalization of metals in the vacuoles as well as the repair of stress-damaged proteins or removal and degradation of proteins that fail to achieve their native conformations are critical for plant tolerance to heavy metal stress. In this review, we provide a broad overview of recent advances in cellular protein research with regards to heavy metal tolerance in plants. We also discuss how plants maintain functional and healthy proteomes for survival under such capricious surroundings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Kamrul Hasan
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Sylhet Agricultural UniversitySylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Yuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou, China
| | | | - Xian-Yao Chu
- Zhejiang Institute of Geological Survey, Geological Research Center for Agricultural Applications, China Geological SurveyBeijing, China
| | | | - Zhen-Yu Qi
- Agricultural Experiment Station, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
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13
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Analysis of Promoters of Arabidopsis thaliana Divergent Gene Pair SERAT3;2 and IDH-III Shows SERAT3;2 Promoter is Nested Within the IDH-III Promoter. Mol Biotechnol 2017; 59:294-304. [PMID: 28585118 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-017-0016-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Intergenic regions of divergent gene pairs show bidirectional promoter activity but whether regulatory sequences for gene expression in opposite directions are shared is not established. In this study, promoters of divergently arranged gene pair At4g35640-At4g35650 (SERAT3;2-IDH-III) of Arabidopsis thaliana were analyzed to identify overlapping regulatory regions. Both genes showed the highest expression in flower buds and flowers. 5' RACE experiments extended the intergenic region from 161 bp shown in TAIR annotation to 512 bp. GUS analysis of transgenic A. thaliana plants carrying the 691 bp fragment (512 bp intergenic region plus 5' UTR of both the genes) linked to uidA gene revealed that SERAT3;2 promoter drives gene expression in the tapetum, whereas IDH-III promoter functions specifically in microspores/pollen. Serial 5' deletion of the 691 bp fragment showed SERAT3;2 promoter extends up to -355 position, whereas IDH-III promoter encompasses the 512 bp intergenic region. In transgenics, uidA transcript levels were lower than native SERAT3;2 and IDH-III transcripts indicating presence of additional cis regulatory elements beyond the 691 bp fragment. The present study demonstrated for the first time occurrence of a nested promoter in plants and identified a novel bidirectional promoter capable of driving gene expression in tapetum and microspores/pollen.
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14
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Sharma P, Kumar V, Singh SK, Thakur S, Siwach P, Sreenivasulu Y, Srinivasan R, Bhat SR. Promoter Trapping and Deletion Analysis Show Arabidopsis thaliana APETALA2 Gene Promoter Is Bidirectional and Functions as a Pollen- and Ovule-Specific Promoter in the Reverse Orientation. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 182:1591-1604. [PMID: 28130768 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2420-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis thaliana promoter trap mutant Bitrap-112 expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene in the ovules was found to carry transferred DNA (T-DNA) insertion at -309 position of the APETALA2 (AP2) gene. Bitrap-112 line did not show phenotype associated with the AP2 mutation, suggesting that T-DNA insertion did not interrupt the AP2 promoter. Further, head-to-head orientation of GFP and AP2 genes indicated that the AP2 promoter could be bidirectional. A detailed deletion analysis of the upstream sequences of the AP2 gene was done to identify the promoter. GUS assay of transgenic A. thaliana plants carrying various AP2 upstream fragments fused to the uidA gene showed that ~200-bp 5' UTR sequences are capable of driving gene expression at low levels in vegetative tissues whereas inclusion of further upstream sequences (~300 bp) enhanced uidA expression comparable to native AP2 expression levels in various tissues including ovules. In the reverse orientation, the 519-bp AP2 upstream fragment was found to drive gene expression in immature ovules and pollen. Absence of antisense transcripts corresponding to the sequences upstream of AP2 gene in wild-type A. thaliana plants suggests that promoter trapping has uncovered a cryptic promoter, which in reverse orientation is capable of driving gene expression in ovules and anthers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Sharma
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Vajinder Kumar
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Singh
- CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
| | - Shweta Thakur
- CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
| | - Priyanka Siwach
- Chaudhary Devi Lal University, Sirsa, Haryana, 125055, India
| | - Yelam Sreenivasulu
- CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
| | - Ramamurthy Srinivasan
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
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15
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Mishra RC, Grover A. Constitutive over-expression of rice ClpD1 protein enhances tolerance to salt and desiccation stresses in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 250:69-78. [PMID: 27457985 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Caseinolytic proteases (Clps) perform the important role of removing protein aggregates from cells, which can otherwise prove to be highly toxic. ClpD system is a two-component protease complex composed of a regulatory ATPase module ClpD and a proteolytic component ClpP. Under desiccation stress condition, rice ClpD1 (OsClpD1) gene encoding for the regulatory subunit, was represented by four variant transcripts differing mainly in the expanse of their N-terminal amino acids. These transcripts were expressed in a differential manner in response to salt, mannitol and polyethylene glycol stresses in rice. Purified OsClpD1.3 protein exhibited intrinsic chaperone activity, shown using citrate synthase as substrate. Arabidopsis (Col-0) plants over-expressing OsClpD1.3 open reading frame downstream to CaMV35S promoter (ClpD1.3 plants) showed higher tolerance to salt and desiccation stresses as compared to wild type plants. ClpD1.3 seedlings also showed enhanced growth during the early stages of seed germination under unstressed, control conditions. The free proline levels and starch breakdown activities were higher in the ClpD1.3 seedlings as compared to the wild type Arabidopsis seedlings. It thus emerges that increasing the potential of ClpD1 chaperoning activity may be of advantage in protection against abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratnesh Chandra Mishra
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Anil Grover
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India.
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16
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Mishra RC, Ghosh R, Bae H. Plant acoustics: in the search of a sound mechanism for sound signaling in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:4483-94. [PMID: 27342223 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Being sessile, plants continuously deal with their dynamic and complex surroundings, identifying important cues and reacting with appropriate responses. Consequently, the sensitivity of plants has evolved to perceive a myriad of external stimuli, which ultimately ensures their successful survival. Research over past centuries has established that plants respond to environmental factors such as light, temperature, moisture, and mechanical perturbations (e.g. wind, rain, touch, etc.) by suitably modulating their growth and development. However, sound vibrations (SVs) as a stimulus have only started receiving attention relatively recently. SVs have been shown to increase the yields of several crops and strengthen plant immunity against pathogens. These vibrations can also prime the plants so as to make them more tolerant to impending drought. Plants can recognize the chewing sounds of insect larvae and the buzz of a pollinating bee, and respond accordingly. It is thus plausible that SVs may serve as a long-range stimulus that evokes ecologically relevant signaling mechanisms in plants. Studies have suggested that SVs increase the transcription of certain genes, soluble protein content, and support enhanced growth and development in plants. At the cellular level, SVs can change the secondary structure of plasma membrane proteins, affect microfilament rearrangements, produce Ca(2+) signatures, cause increases in protein kinases, protective enzymes, peroxidases, antioxidant enzymes, amylase, H(+)-ATPase / K(+) channel activities, and enhance levels of polyamines, soluble sugars and auxin. In this paper, we propose a signaling model to account for the molecular episodes that SVs induce within the cell, and in so doing we uncover a number of interesting questions that need to be addressed by future research in plant acoustics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratnesh Chandra Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbook 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Ritesh Ghosh
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbook 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanhong Bae
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbook 38541, Republic of Korea
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17
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Liu S, Chen H, Li X, Zhang W. A low-temperature-responsive element involved in the regulation of the Arabidopsis thaliana At1g71850/At1g71860 divergent gene pair. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2016; 35:1757-1767. [PMID: 27215439 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-016-1994-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The bidirectional promoter of the Arabidopsis thaliana gene pair At1g71850/At1g71860 harbors low-temperature-responsive elements, which participate in anti-correlated transcription regulation of the driving genes in response to environmental low temperature. A divergent gene pair is defined as two adjacent genes organized head to head in opposite orientation, sharing a common promoter region. Divergent gene pairs are mainly coexpressed, but some display opposite regulation. The mechanistic basis of such anti-correlated regulation is not well understood. Here, the regulation of the Arabidopsis thaliana gene pair At1g71850/At1g71860 was investigated. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Genevestigator analyses showed that while one of the pair was upregulated by exposure to low temperature, the same treatment downregulated the other. Promoter::GUS fusion transgenes were used to show that this behavior was driven by a bidirectional promoter, which harbored an as-1 motif, associated with the low-temperature response; mutation of this sequence produced a significant decrease in cold-responsive expression. With regard to the as-1 motif in the native orientation repressing the promoter's low-temperature responsiveness, the same as-1 motif introduced in the reverse direction showed a slight enhancement in the promoter's responsiveness to low-temperature exposure, indicating that the orientation of the motif was important for the promoter's activity. These findings provide new insights into the complex transcriptional regulation of bidirectional gene pairs as well as plant stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijuan Liu
- School of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Huiqing Chen
- School of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China
| | - Xiulan Li
- School of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
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18
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Liu X, Yang W, Li Y, Li S, Zhou X, Zhao Q, Fan Y, Lin M, Chen R. The intergenic region of the maize defensin-like protein genes Def1 and Def2 functions as an embryo-specific asymmetric bidirectional promoter. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:4403-13. [PMID: 27279278 PMCID: PMC5301941 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Bidirectional promoters are identified in diverse organisms with widely varied genome sizes, including bacteria, yeast, mammals, and plants. However, little research has been done on any individual endogenous bidirectional promoter from plants. Here, we describe a promoter positioned in the intergenic region of two defensin-like protein genes, Def1 and Def2 in maize (Zea mays). We examined the expression profiles of Def1 and Def2 in 14 maize tissues by qRT-PCR, and the results showed that this gene pair was expressed abundantly and specifically in seeds. When fused to either green fluorescent protein (GFP) or β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter genes, P ZmBD1 , P ZmDef1 , and P ZmDef2 were active and reproduced the expression patterns of both Def1 and Def2 genes in transformed immature maize embryos, as well as in developing seeds of transgenic maize. Comparative analysis revealed that PZmBD1 shared most of the expression characteristics of the two polar promoters, but displayed more stringent embryo specificity, delayed expression initiation, and asymmetric promoter activity. Moreover, a truncated promoter study revealed that the core promoters only exhibit basic bidirectional activity, while interacting with necessary cis-elements, which leads to polarity and different strengths. The sophisticated interaction or counteraction between the core promoter and cis-elements may potentially regulate bidirectional promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Liu
- Department of Crop Genomics & Genetic Improvement, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 ZhongGuanCun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wenzhu Yang
- Department of Crop Genomics & Genetic Improvement, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 ZhongGuanCun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Crop Genomics & Genetic Improvement, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 ZhongGuanCun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Suzhen Li
- Department of Crop Genomics & Genetic Improvement, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 ZhongGuanCun South Street, Beijing 100081, China Department of Agronomy, Agricultural University of Hebei, 289 LingYuSi Avenue, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Xiaojin Zhou
- Department of Crop Genomics & Genetic Improvement, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 ZhongGuanCun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- Department of Crop Genomics & Genetic Improvement, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 ZhongGuanCun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yunliu Fan
- Department of Crop Genomics & Genetic Improvement, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 ZhongGuanCun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Min Lin
- Department of Crop Genomics & Genetic Improvement, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 ZhongGuanCun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Rumei Chen
- Department of Crop Genomics & Genetic Improvement, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 ZhongGuanCun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
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Mishra RC, Richa, Singh A, Tiwari LD, Grover A. Characterization of 5'UTR of rice ClpB-C/Hsp100 gene: evidence of its involvement in post-transcriptional regulation. Cell Stress Chaperones 2016; 21:271-83. [PMID: 26546418 PMCID: PMC4786525 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-015-0657-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa) ClpB-C (OsClpB-C) protein is expressed upon heat stress in vegetative tissues and constitutively in seeds. We produced stably transformed Arabidopsis plants carrying β-glucuronidase (Gus) reporter gene downstream to 1-kb OsClpB-C promoter (1kbPro plants). In the 1kbPro plants, expression of Gus transcript and protein followed the expression pattern of OsClpB-C gene in rice plants, i.e., heat induced in vegetative tissues and constitutive in seeds. Next, we produced transgenic Arabidopsis plants containing Gus downstream to 862-bp fragment of OsClpB-C promoter [lacking 138 nucleotides from 3' end of the 5'untranslated region (5'UTR); ∆UTR plants). In ∆UTR plants, Gus transcript was expressed in heat-inducible manner, but strikingly, Gus protein levels were negligible after heat treatment. However, Gus protein was expressed in ∆UTR seedlings at levels comparable to 1kbPro seedlings when recovery treatment of 22 °C/2 h was given post heat stress (38 °C/15 min). This suggests that 5'UTR of OsClpB-C gene is involved in its post-transcriptional regulation and is an obligate requirement for protein expression during persistent heat stress. Furthermore, the Gus transcript levels were higher in the polysomal RNA fraction in heat-stressed seedlings of 1kbPro plants as compared to ∆UTR plants, indicating that 5'UTR aids in assembly of ribosomes onto the Gus transcript during heat stress. Unlike the case of seedlings, Gus protein was formed constitutively in ∆UTR seeds at levels comparable to 1kbPro seeds. Hence, the function of 5'UTR of OsClpB-C is dispensable for expression in seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratnesh Chandra Mishra
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Richa
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Amanjot Singh
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Lalit Dev Tiwari
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Anil Grover
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India.
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratnesh Chandra Mishra
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Anil Grover
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
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