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Piccinini L, Nirina Ramamonjy F, Ursache R. Imaging plant cell walls using fluorescent stains: The beauty is in the details. J Microsc 2024; 295:102-120. [PMID: 38477035 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Plants continuously face various environmental stressors throughout their lifetime. To be able to grow and adapt in different environments, they developed specialized tissues that allowed them to maintain a protected yet interconnected body. These tissues undergo specific primary and secondary cell wall modifications that are essential to ensure normal plant growth, adaptation and successful land colonization. The composition of cell walls can vary among different plant species, organs and tissues. The ability to remodel their cell walls is fundamental for plants to be able to cope with multiple biotic and abiotic stressors. A better understanding of the changes taking place in plant cell walls may help identify and develop new strategies as well as tools to enhance plants' survival under environmental stresses or prevent pathogen attack. Since the invention of microscopy, numerous imaging techniques have been developed to determine the composition and dynamics of plant cell walls during normal growth and in response to environmental stimuli. In this review, we discuss the main advances in imaging plant cell walls, with a particular focus on fluorescent stains for different cell wall components and their compatibility with tissue clearing techniques. Lay Description: Plants are continuously subjected to various environmental stresses during their lifespan. They evolved specialized tissues that thrive in different environments, enabling them to maintain a protected yet interconnected body. Such tissues undergo distinct primary and secondary cell wall alterations essential to normal plant growth, their adaptability and successful land colonization. Cell wall composition may differ among various plant species, organs and even tissues. To deal with various biotic and abiotic stresses, plants must have the capacity to remodel their cell walls. Gaining insight into changes that take place in plant cell walls will help identify and create novel tools and strategies to improve plants' ability to withstand environmental challenges. Multiple imaging techniques have been developed since the introduction of microscopy to analyse the composition and dynamics of plant cell walls during growth and in response to environmental changes. Advancements in plant tissue cleaning procedures and their compatibility with cell wall stains have significantly enhanced our ability to perform high-resolution cell wall imaging. At the same time, several factors influence the effectiveness of cleaning and staining plant specimens, as well as the time necessary for the process, including the specimen's size, thickness, tissue complexity and the presence of autofluorescence. In this review, we will discuss the major advances in imaging plant cell walls, with a particular emphasis on fluorescent stains for diverse cell wall components and their compatibility with tissue clearing techniques. We hope that this review will assist readers in selecting the most appropriate stain or combination of stains to highlight specific cell wall components of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Piccinini
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fabien Nirina Ramamonjy
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robertas Ursache
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Divya D, Robin AHK, Cho LH, Kim D, Lee DJ, Kim CK, Chung MY. Genome-wide characterization and expression profiling of E2F/DP gene family members in response to abiotic stress in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:436. [PMID: 38773361 PMCID: PMC11110339 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05107-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND E2F/DP (Eukaryotic 2 transcription factor/dimerization partner) family proteins play an essential function in the cell cycle development of higher organisms. E2F/DP family genes have been reported only in a few plant species. However, comprehensive genome-wide characterization analysis of the E2F/DP gene family of Solanum lycopersicum has not been reported so far. RESULTS This study identified eight nonredundant SlE2F/DP genes that were classified into seven groups in the phylogenetic analysis. All eight genes had a single E2F-TDP domain and few genes had additional domains. Two segmental duplication gene pairs were observed within tomato, in addition to cis-regulatory elements, miRNA target sites and phosphorylation sites which play an important role in plant development and stress response in tomato. To explore the three-dimensional (3D) models and gene ontology (GO) annotations of SlE2F/DP proteins, we pointed to their putative transporter activity and their interaction with several putative ligands. The localization of SlE2F/DP-GFP fused proteins in the nucleus and endoplasmic reticulum suggested that they may act in other biological functions. Expression studies revealed the differential expression pattern of most of the SlE2F/DP genes in various organs. Moreover, the expression of E2F/DP genes against abiotic stress, particularly SlE2F/DP2 and/or SlE2F/DP7, was upregulated in response to heat, salt, cold and ABA treatment. Furthermore, the co-expression analysis of SlE2F/DP genes with multiple metabolic pathways was co-expressed with defence genes, transcription factors and so on, suggested their crucial role in various biological processes. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our findings provide a way to understand the structure and function of SlE2F/DP genes; it might be helpful to improve fruit development and tolerance against abiotic stress through marker-assisted selection or transgenic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanasekar Divya
- Department of Agricultural Education, Sunchon National University, 413 Jungangno, Suncheon, Jeonnam, 540-950, Republic of Korea
| | - Arif Hasan Khan Robin
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Lae-Hyeon Cho
- Department of Plant Bioscience, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohyeon Kim
- Department of Plant Bioscience, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Jin Lee
- Department of Agricultural Education, Sunchon National University, 413 Jungangno, Suncheon, Jeonnam, 540-950, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Kil Kim
- Department of Horticulture, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mi-Young Chung
- Department of Agricultural Education, Sunchon National University, 413 Jungangno, Suncheon, Jeonnam, 540-950, Republic of Korea.
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Jiang H, Qi CH, Gao HN, Feng ZQ, Wu YT, Xu XX, Cui JY, Wang XF, Lv YH, Gao WS, Jiang YM, You CX, Li YY. MdBT2 regulates nitrogen-mediated cuticular wax biosynthesis via a MdMYB106-MdCER2L1 signalling pathway in apple. NATURE PLANTS 2024; 10:131-144. [PMID: 38172573 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01587-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Cuticular waxes play important roles in plant development and the interaction between plants and their environment. Researches on wax biosynthetic pathways have been reported in several plant species. Also, wax formation is closely related to environmental condition. However, the regulatory mechanism between wax and environmental factors, especially essential mineral elements, is less studied. Here we found that nitrogen (N) played a negative role in the regulation of wax synthesis in apple. We therefore analysed wax content, composition and crystals in BTB-TAZ domain protein 2 (MdBT2) overexpressing and antisense transgenic apple seedlings and found that MdBT2 could downregulate wax biosynthesis. Furthermore, R2R3-MYB transcription factor 16-like protein (MdMYB106) interacted with MdBT2, and MdBT2 mediated its ubiquitination and degradation through the 26S proteasome pathway. Finally, HXXXD-type acyl-transferase ECERIFERUM 2-like1 (MdCER2L1) was confirmed as a downstream target gene of MdMYB106. Our findings reveal an N-mediated apple wax biosynthesis pathway and lay a foundation for further study of the environmental factors associated with wax regulatory networks in apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Jiang
- National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Chen-Hui Qi
- National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Huai-Na Gao
- National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Zi-Quan Feng
- National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Ya-Ting Wu
- National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xin-Xiang Xu
- National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Jian-Ying Cui
- National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Wang
- National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yan-Hui Lv
- National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Wen-Sheng Gao
- Shandong Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan-Mao Jiang
- National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.
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Zahid S, Schulfer AF, Di Stilio VS. A eudicot MIXTA family ancestor likely functioned in both conical cells and trichomes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1288961. [PMID: 38173925 PMCID: PMC10764028 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1288961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The MIXTA family of MYB transcription factors modulate the development of diverse epidermal features in land plants. This study investigates the evolutionary history and function of the MIXTA gene family in the early-diverging eudicot model lineage Thalictrum (Ranunculaceae), with R2R3 SBG9-A MYB transcription factors representative of the pre-core eudicot duplication and thus hereby referred to as "paleoMIXTA" (PMX). Cloning and phylogenetic analysis of Thalictrum paleoMIXTA (ThPMX) orthologs across 23 species reveal a genus-wide duplication coincident with a whole-genome duplication. Expression analysis by qPCR confirmed that the highest expression is found in carpels, while newly revealing high expression in leaves and nuanced differences between paralogs in representative polyploid species. The single-copy ortholog from the diploid species T. thalictroides (TthPMX, previously TtMYBML2), which has petaloid sepals with conical-papillate cells and trichomes on leaves, was functionally characterized by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), and its role in leaves was also assessed from heterologous overexpression in tobacco. Another ortholog from a species with conical-papillate cells on stamen filaments, TclPMX, was also targeted for silencing. Overexpression assays in tobacco provide further evidence that the paleoMIXTA lineage has the potential for leaf trichome function in a core eudicot. Transcriptome analysis by RNA-Seq on leaves of VIGS-treated plants suggests that TthPMX modulates leaf trichome development and morphogenesis through microtubule-associated mechanisms and that this may be a conserved pathway for eudicots. These experiments provide evidence for a combined role for paleoMIXTA orthologs in (leaf) trichomes and (floral) conical-papillate cells that, together with data from other systems, makes the functional reconstruction of a eudicot ancestor most likely as also having a combined function.
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Pirona R, Frugis G, Locatelli F, Mattana M, Genga A, Baldoni E. Transcriptomic analysis reveals the gene regulatory networks involved in leaf and root response to osmotic stress in tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1155797. [PMID: 37332696 PMCID: PMC10272567 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1155797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a major horticultural crop that is cultivated worldwide and is characteristic of the Mediterranean agricultural system. It represents a key component of the diet of billion people and an important source of vitamins and carotenoids. Tomato cultivation in open field often experiences drought episodes, leading to severe yield losses, since most modern cultivars are sensitive to water deficit. Water stress leads to changes in the expression of stress-responsive genes in different plant tissues, and transcriptomics can support the identification of genes and pathways regulating this response. Methods Here, we performed a transcriptomic analysis of two tomato genotypes, M82 and Tondo, in response to a PEG-mediated osmotic treatment. The analysis was conducted separately on leaves and roots to characterize the specific response of these two organs. Results A total of 6,267 differentially expressed transcripts related to stress response was detected. The construction of gene co-expression networks defined the molecular pathways of the common and specific responses of leaf and root. The common response was characterized by ABA-dependent and ABA-independent signaling pathways, and by the interconnection between ABA and JA signaling. The root-specific response concerned genes involved in cell wall metabolism and remodeling, whereas the leaf-specific response was principally related to leaf senescence and ethylene signaling. The transcription factors representing the hubs of these regulatory networks were identified. Some of them have not yet been characterized and can represent novel candidates for tolerance. Discussion This work shed new light on the regulatory networks occurring in tomato leaf and root under osmotic stress and set the base for an in-depth characterization of novel stress-related genes that may represent potential candidates for improving tolerance to abiotic stress in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Pirona
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (IBBA), Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanna Frugis
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (IBBA), Rome Unit, Roma, Italy
| | - Franca Locatelli
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (IBBA), Milano, Italy
| | - Monica Mattana
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (IBBA), Milano, Italy
| | - Annamaria Genga
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (IBBA), Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Baldoni
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (IBBA), Milano, Italy
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Wang J, Shan Q, Yi T, Ma Y, Zhou X, Pan L, Miao W, Zou X, Xiong C, Liu F. Fine mapping and candidate gene analysis of CaFCD1 affecting cuticle biosynthesis in Capsicum annuum L. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:46. [PMID: 36912954 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04330-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
CaFCD1 gene regulates pepper cuticle biosynthesis. Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is an economically important vegetable crop that easily loses water after harvesting, which seriously affects the quality of its product. The cuticle is the lipid water-retaining layer on the outside of the fruit epidermis, which regulates the biological properties and reduces the rate of water-loss. However, the key genes involved in pepper fruit cuticle development are poorly understood. In this study, a pepper fruit cuticle development mutant fcd1 (fruit cuticle deficiency 1) was obtained by ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis. The mutant has great defects in fruit cuticle development, and the fruit water-loss rate of fcd1is significantly higher than that of the wild-type '8214' line. Genetic analysis suggested that the phenotype of the mutant fcd1 cuticle development defect was controlled by a recessive candidate gene CaFCD1 (Capsicum annuum fruit cuticle deficiency 1) on chromosome 12, which is mainly transcribed during fruit development. In fcd1, a base substitution within the CaFCD1 domain resulted in the premature termination of transcription, which affected cutin and wax biosynthesis in pepper fruit, as revealed by the GC-MS and RNA-seq analysis. Furthermore, the yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase reporter assays verified that the cutin synthesis protein CaCD2 was directly bound to the promoter of CaFCD1, suggesting that CaFCD1 may be a hub node in the cutin and wax biosynthetic regulatory network in pepper. This study provides a reference for candidate genes of cuticle synthesis and lays a foundation for breeding excellent pepper varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and New Varieties Breeding of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingyun Shan
- Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and New Varieties Breeding of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ting Yi
- Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and New Varieties Breeding of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanqing Ma
- Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and New Varieties Breeding of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoxun Zhou
- Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and New Varieties Breeding of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Luzhao Pan
- Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and New Varieties Breeding of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wu Miao
- Hunan Xiangyan Seed Industry Co., LTD, Changsha, China
| | - Xuexiao Zou
- Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and New Varieties Breeding of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Cheng Xiong
- Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and New Varieties Breeding of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Feng Liu
- Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and New Varieties Breeding of Horticultural Crops, Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Yu J, Lei B, Zhao H, Wang B, Kakar KU, Guo Y, Zhang X, Jia M, Yang H, Zhao D. Cloning, characterization and functional analysis of NtMYB306a gene reveals its role in wax alkane biosynthesis of tobacco trichomes and stress tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1005811. [PMID: 36275561 PMCID: PMC9583951 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1005811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Trichomes are specialized hair-like organs found on epidermal cells of many terrestrial plants, which protect plant from excessive transpiration and numerous abiotic and biotic stresses. However, the genetic basis and underlying mechanisms are largely unknown in Nicotiana tabacum (common tobacco), an established model system for genetic engineering and plant breeding. In present study, we identified, cloned and characterized an unknown function transcription factor NtMYB306a from tobacco cultivar K326 trichomes. Results obtained from sequence phylogenetic tree analysis showed that NtMYB306a-encoded protein belonged to S1 subgroup of the plants' R2R3-MYB transcription factors (TFs). Observation of the green fluorescent signals from NtMYB306a-GFP fusion protein construct exhibited that NtMYB306a was localized in nucleus. In yeast transactivation assays, the transformed yeast containing pGBKT7-NtMYB306a construct was able to grow on SD/-Trp-Ade+X-α-gal selection media, signifying that NtMYB306a exhibits transcriptional activation activity. Results from qRT-PCR, in-situ hybridization and GUS staining of transgenic tobacco plants revealed that NtMYB306a is primarily expressed in tobacco trichomes, especially tall glandular trichomes (TGTs) and short glandular trichomes (SGTs). RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and qRT-PCR analysis of the NtMYB306a-overexpressing transgenic tobacco line revealed that NtMYB306a activated the expression of a set of key target genes which were associated with wax alkane biosynthesis. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) exhibited that the total alkane contents and the contents of n-C28, n-C29, n-C31, and ai-C31 alkanes in leaf exudates of NtMYB306a-OE lines (OE-3, OE-13, and OE-20) were significantly greater when compared to WT. Besides, the promoter region of NtMYB306a contained numerous stress-responsive cis-acting elements, and their differential expression towards salicylic acid and cold stress treatments reflected their roles in signal transduction and cold-stress tolerance. Together, these results suggest that NtMYB306a is necessarily a positive regulator of alkane metabolism in tobacco trichomes that does not affect the number and morphology of tobacco trichomes, and that it can be used as a candidate gene for improving stress resistance and the quality of tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Molecular Genetics Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Guiyang, China
| | - Bo Lei
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Molecular Genetics Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Guiyang, China
| | - Huina Zhao
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Molecular Genetics Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Guiyang, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Molecular Genetics Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Guiyang, China
| | - Kaleem U. Kakar
- Department of Microbiology, Baluchistan University of Information Technology and Managemnet Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Yushuang Guo
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Molecular Genetics Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaolian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Molecular Genetics Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Guiyang, China
| | - Mengao Jia
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Molecular Genetics Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Guiyang, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Molecular Genetics Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Guiyang, China
| | - Degang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Plant Conservation Technology Center, Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
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Zhou P, Dang J, Shi Z, Shao Y, Sang M, Dai S, Yue W, Liu C, Wu Q. Identification and characterization of a novel gene involved in glandular trichome development in Nepeta tenuifolia. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:936244. [PMID: 35968082 PMCID: PMC9372485 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.936244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nepeta tenuifolia is a medicinal plant rich in terpenoids and flavonoids with antiviral, immunoregulatory, and anti-inflammatory activities. The peltate glandular trichome (PGT) is a multicellular structure considered to be the primary storage organ for monoterpenes; it may serve as an ideal model for studying cell differentiation and the development of glandular trichomes (GTs). The genes that regulate the development of GTs have not yet been well studied. In this study, we identified NtMIXTA1, a GT development-associated gene from the R2R3 MYB SBG9 family. NtMIXTA1 overexpression in tobacco resulted in the production of longer and denser GTs. Virus-induced gene silencing of NtMIXTA1 resulted in lower PGT density, a significant reduction in monoterpene concentration, and the decreased expression of genes related to monoterpene biosynthesis. Comparative transcriptome and widely targeted metabolic analyses revealed that silencing NtMIXTA1 significantly influenced the expression of genes, and the production of metabolites involved in the biosynthesis of terpenoids, flavonoids, and lipids. This study provides a solid foundation describing a mechanism underlying the regulation of GT development. In addition, this study further deepens our understanding of the regulatory networks involved in GT development and GT development-associated metabolite flux, as well as provides valuable reference data for studying plants with a high medicinal value without genetic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peina Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjie Dang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Zunrui Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongfang Shao
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengru Sang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Shilin Dai
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Yue
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Chanchan Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qinan Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Bres C, Petit J, Reynoud N, Brocard L, Marion D, Lahaye M, Bakan B, Rothan C. The SlSHN2 transcription factor contributes to cuticle formation and epidermal patterning in tomato fruit. MOLECULAR HORTICULTURE 2022; 2:14. [PMID: 37789465 PMCID: PMC10515250 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-022-00035-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is an established model for studying plant cuticle because of its thick cuticle covering and embedding the epidermal cells of the fruit. In this study, we screened an EMS mutant collection of the miniature tomato cultivar Micro-Tom for fruit cracking mutants and found a mutant displaying a glossy fruit phenotype. By using an established mapping-by-sequencing strategy, we identified the causal mutation in the SlSHN2 transcription factor that is specifically expressed in outer epidermis of growing fruit. The point mutation in the shn2 mutant introduces a K to N amino acid change in the highly conserved 'mm' domain of SHN proteins. The cuticle from shn2 fruit showed a ~ fivefold reduction in cutin while abundance and composition of waxes were barely affected. In addition to alterations in cuticle thickness and properties, epidermal patterning and polysaccharide composition of the cuticle were changed. RNAseq analysis further highlighted the altered expression of hundreds of genes in the fruit exocarp of shn2, including genes associated with cuticle and cell wall formation, hormone signaling and response, and transcriptional regulation. In conclusion, we showed that a point mutation in the transcriptional regulator SlSHN2 causes major changes in fruit cuticle formation and its coordination with epidermal patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Bres
- UMR 1332 BFP, INRAE, Université de Bordeaux, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Johann Petit
- UMR 1332 BFP, INRAE, Université de Bordeaux, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Nicolas Reynoud
- Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, INRAE, BP71627, 44316, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Lysiane Brocard
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Didier Marion
- Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, INRAE, BP71627, 44316, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Marc Lahaye
- Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, INRAE, BP71627, 44316, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Bénédicte Bakan
- Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, INRAE, BP71627, 44316, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Christophe Rothan
- UMR 1332 BFP, INRAE, Université de Bordeaux, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France.
- INRA, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit Et Pathologie, 71 Av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France.
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10
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Haiden SR, Apicella PV, Ma Y, Berkowitz GA. Overexpression of CsMIXTA, a Transcription Factor from Cannabis sativa, Increases Glandular Trichome Density in Tobacco Leaves. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1519. [PMID: 35684291 PMCID: PMC9182785 DOI: 10.3390/plants11111519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cannabinoids are synthesized in glandular stalked trichomes on the female flowers of Cannabis sativa (cannabis). The regulation of glandular trichome development has not been characterized in cannabis. We recently identified an R2R3-MYB transcription factor, CsMIXTA, which could be involved in trichome morphogenesis in cannabis. Some homologous genes of CsMIXTA are known to function in glandular trichome initiation in other plant species. CsMIXTA is highly expressed in flower tissue compared to vegetative tissues. Interestingly, CsMIXTA is also highly expressed in trichomes isolated from female flower tissue. In addition, CsMIXTA is upregulated during the peak stages of female flower maturation in correlation with some cannabinoid biosynthetic genes. Transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana showed that CsMIXTA is localized in the nucleus. Furthermore, yeast transcriptional activation assay demonstrated that CsMIXTA has transactivation activity. Overexpression of CsMIXTA in Nicotiana tabacum resulted in higher trichome density, larger trichome size, and more branching on stalked glandular trichomes. The results indicate that CsMIXTA not only promotes glandular trichome initiation in epidermal cells, but also regulates trichome development in tobacco leaves. In this report, we characterized the novel function of the first cannabis transcription factor that may be critical for glandular trichome morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yi Ma
- Correspondence: (Y.M.); (G.A.B.)
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11
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Li P, Fu J, Xu Y, Shen Y, Zhang Y, Ye Z, Tong W, Zeng X, Yang J, Tang D, Li P, Zuo H, Wu Q, Xia E, Wang S, Zhao J. CsMYB1 integrates the regulation of trichome development and catechins biosynthesis in tea plant domestication. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:902-917. [PMID: 35167117 PMCID: PMC9311817 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Tea trichomes synthesize numerous specialized metabolites to protect plants from environmental stresses and contribute to tea flavours, but little is known about the regulation of trichome development. Here, we showed that CsMYB1 is involved in the regulation of trichome formation and galloylated cis-catechins biosynthesis in tea plants. The variations in CsMYB1 expression levels are closely correlated with trichome indexes and galloylated cis-catechins contents in tea plant populations. Genome resequencing showed that CsMYB1 may be selected in modern tea cultivars, since a 192-bp insertion in CsMYB1 promoter was found exclusively in modern tea cultivars but not in the glabrous wild tea Camellia taliensis. Several enhancers in the 192-bp insertion increased CsMYB1 transcription in modern tea cultivars that coincided with their higher galloylated cis-catechins contents and trichome indexes. Biochemical analyses and transgenic data showed that CsMYB1 interacted with CsGL3 and CsWD40 and formed a MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) transcriptional complex to activate the trichome regulator genes CsGL2 and CsCPC, and the galloylated cis-catechins biosynthesis genes anthocyanidin reductase and serine carboxypeptidase-like 1A. CsMYB1 integratively regulated trichome formation and galloylated cis-catechins biosynthesis. Results suggest that CsMYB1, trichome and galloylated cis-catechins are coincidently selected during tea domestication by harsh environments for improved adaption and by breeders for better tea flavours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and UtilizationAnhui Agricultural University130 West Changjiang RoadHefei230036China
| | - Jiamin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and UtilizationAnhui Agricultural University130 West Changjiang RoadHefei230036China
| | - Yujie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and UtilizationAnhui Agricultural University130 West Changjiang RoadHefei230036China
| | - Yihua Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and UtilizationAnhui Agricultural University130 West Changjiang RoadHefei230036China
| | - Yanrui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and UtilizationAnhui Agricultural University130 West Changjiang RoadHefei230036China
| | - Zhili Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and UtilizationAnhui Agricultural University130 West Changjiang RoadHefei230036China
| | - Wei Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and UtilizationAnhui Agricultural University130 West Changjiang RoadHefei230036China
| | - Xiangsheng Zeng
- College of AgronomyAnhui Agricultural University130 West Changjiang RoadHefei230036China
| | - Jihong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and UtilizationAnhui Agricultural University130 West Changjiang RoadHefei230036China
| | - Dingkun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and UtilizationAnhui Agricultural University130 West Changjiang RoadHefei230036China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and UtilizationAnhui Agricultural University130 West Changjiang RoadHefei230036China
| | - Hao Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and UtilizationAnhui Agricultural University130 West Changjiang RoadHefei230036China
| | - Qiong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and UtilizationAnhui Agricultural University130 West Changjiang RoadHefei230036China
| | - Enhua Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and UtilizationAnhui Agricultural University130 West Changjiang RoadHefei230036China
| | - Shucai Wang
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and Crop Gene EditingSchool of Life SciencesLinyi UniversityShuangling RoadLinyi276000China
| | - Jian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and UtilizationAnhui Agricultural University130 West Changjiang RoadHefei230036China
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12
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García-Coronado H, Tafolla-Arellano JC, Hernández-Oñate MÁ, Burgara-Estrella AJ, Robles-Parra JM, Tiznado-Hernández ME. Molecular Biology, Composition and Physiological Functions of Cuticle Lipids in Fleshy Fruits. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11091133. [PMID: 35567134 PMCID: PMC9099731 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Fleshy fruits represent a valuable resource of economic and nutritional relevance for humanity. The plant cuticle is the external lipid layer covering the nonwoody aerial organs of land plants, and it is the first contact between fruits and the environment. It has been hypothesized that the cuticle plays a role in the development, ripening, quality, resistance to pathogen attack and postharvest shelf life of fleshy fruits. The cuticle's structure and composition change in response to the fruit's developmental stage, fruit physiology and different postharvest treatments. This review summarizes current information on the physiology and molecular mechanism of cuticle biosynthesis and composition changes during the development, ripening and postharvest stages of fleshy fruits. A discussion and analysis of studies regarding the relationship between cuticle composition, water loss reduction and maintaining fleshy fruits' postharvest quality are presented. An overview of the molecular mechanism of cuticle biosynthesis and efforts to elucidate it in fleshy fruits is included. Enhancing our knowledge about cuticle biosynthesis mechanisms and identifying specific transcripts, proteins and lipids related to quality traits in fleshy fruits could contribute to the design of biotechnological strategies to improve the quality and postharvest shelf life of these important fruit crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heriberto García-Coronado
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas 46, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico;
| | - Julio César Tafolla-Arellano
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Calzada Antonio Narro 1923, Buenavista, Saltillo 25315, Coahuila, Mexico;
| | - Miguel Ángel Hernández-Oñate
- CONACYT-Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas 46, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico;
| | - Alexel Jesús Burgara-Estrella
- Departamento de Investigación en Física, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales S/N, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico;
| | - Jesús Martín Robles-Parra
- Coordinación de Desarrollo Regional, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas 46, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico;
| | - Martín Ernesto Tiznado-Hernández
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas 46, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico;
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13
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Lu HC, Lam SH, Zhang D, Hsiao YY, Li BJ, Niu SC, Li CY, Lan S, Tsai WC, Liu ZJ. R2R3-MYB genes coordinate conical cell development and cuticular wax biosynthesis in Phalaenopsis aphrodite. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:318-331. [PMID: 34618124 PMCID: PMC8774817 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Petals of the monocot Phalaenopsis aphrodite (Orchidaceae) possess conical epidermal cells on their adaxial surfaces, and a large amount of cuticular wax is deposited on them to serve as a primary barrier against biotic and abiotic stresses. It has been widely reported that subgroup 9A members of the R2R3-MYB gene family, MIXTA and MIXTA-like in eudicots, act to regulate the differentiation of conical epidermal cells. However, the molecular pathways underlying conical epidermal cell development and cuticular wax biosynthesis in monocot petals remain unclear. Here, we characterized two subgroup 9A R2R3-MYB genes, PaMYB9A1 and PaMYB9A2 (PaMYB9A1/2), from P. aphrodite through the transient overexpression of their coding sequences and corresponding chimeric repressors in developing petals. We showed that PaMYB9A1/2 function to coordinate conical epidermal cell development and cuticular wax biosynthesis. In addition, we identified putative targets of PaMYB9A1/2 through comparative transcriptome analyses, revealing that PaMYB9A1/2 acts to regulate the expression of cell wall-associated and wax biosynthetic genes. Furthermore, a chemical composition analysis of cuticular wax showed that even-chain n-alkanes and odd-chain primary alcohols are the main chemical constituents of cuticular wax deposited on petals, which is inconsistent with the well-known biosynthetic pathways of cuticular wax, implying a distinct biosynthetic pathway occurring in P. aphrodite flowers. These results reveal that the function of subgroup 9A R2R3-MYB family genes in regulating the differentiation of epidermal cells is largely conserved in monocots and dicots. Furthermore, both PaMYB9A1/2 have evolved additional functions controlling the biosynthesis of cuticular wax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Chia Lu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Institute of Conservation and Utilization of Natural Bioresources, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences and Microbiology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Sio-Hong Lam
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Diyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Institute of Conservation and Utilization of Natural Bioresources, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yu-Yun Hsiao
- Orchid Research and Development Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Bai-Jun Li
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shan-Ce Niu
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Chia-Ying Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Pingtung University, Pingtung City, Pingtung 900003, Taiwan
| | - Siren Lan
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Institute of Conservation and Utilization of Natural Bioresources, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wen-Chieh Tsai
- Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences and Microbiology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Orchid Research and Development Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Zhong-Jian Liu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Institute of Conservation and Utilization of Natural Bioresources, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Institute of Vegetable and Flowers, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
- Zhejiang Institute of Subtropical Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou 325005, China
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14
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Liu J, Wang H, Liu M, Liu J, Liu S, Cheng Q, Shen H. Hairiness Gene Regulated Multicellular, Non-Glandular Trichome Formation in Pepper Species. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:784755. [PMID: 34975970 PMCID: PMC8716684 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.784755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Trichomes are unicellular or multicellular epidermal structures that play a defensive role against environmental stresses. Although unicellular trichomes have been extensively studied as a mechanistic model, the genes involved in multicellular trichome formation are not well understood. In this study, we first classified the trichome morphology structures in Capsicum species using 280 diverse peppers. We cloned a key gene (Hairiness) on chromosome 10, which mainly controlled the formation of multicellular non-glandular trichomes (types II, III, and V). Hairiness encodes a Cys2-His2 zinc-finger protein, and virus-induced gene silencing of the gene resulted in a hairless phenotype. Differential expression of Hairiness between the hairiness and hairless lines was due to variations in promoter sequences. Transgenic experiments verified the hypothesis that the promoter of Hairiness in the hairless line had extremely low activity causing a hairless phenotype. Hair controlled the formation of type I glandular trichomes in tomatoes, which was due to nucleotide differences. Taken together, our findings suggest that the regulation of multicellular trichome formation might have similar pathways, but the gene could perform slightly different functions in crops.
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15
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Petit J, Bres C, Reynoud N, Lahaye M, Marion D, Bakan B, Rothan C. Unraveling Cuticle Formation, Structure, and Properties by Using Tomato Genetic Diversity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:778131. [PMID: 34912361 PMCID: PMC8667768 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.778131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit has a thick, astomatous cuticle that has become a model for the study of cuticle formation, structure, and properties in plants. Tomato is also a major horticultural crop and a long-standing model for research in genetics, fruit development, and disease resistance. As a result, a wealth of genetic resources and genomic tools have been established, including collections of natural and artificially induced genetic diversity, introgression lines of genome fragments from wild relatives, high-quality genome sequences, phenotype and gene expression databases, and efficient methods for genetic transformation and editing of target genes. This mini-review reports the considerable progresses made in recent years in our understanding of cuticle by using and generating genetic diversity for cuticle-associated traits in tomato. These include the synthesis of the main cuticle components (cutin and waxes), their role in the structure and properties of the cuticle, their interaction with other cell wall polymers as well as the regulation of cuticle formation. It also addresses the opportunities offered by the untapped germplasm diversity available in tomato and the current strategies available to exploit them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Petit
- INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, UMR BFP, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Cécile Bres
- INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, UMR BFP, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Nicolas Reynoud
- Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, INRAE, Nantes, France
| | - Marc Lahaye
- Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, INRAE, Nantes, France
| | - Didier Marion
- Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, INRAE, Nantes, France
| | - Bénédicte Bakan
- Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, INRAE, Nantes, France
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16
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Macnee N, Hilario E, Tahir J, Currie A, Warren B, Rebstock R, Hallett IC, Chagné D, Schaffer RJ, Bulley SM. Peridermal fruit skin formation in Actinidia sp. (kiwifruit) is associated with genetic loci controlling russeting and cuticle formation. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:334. [PMID: 34261431 PMCID: PMC8278711 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03025-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The skin (exocarp) of fleshy fruit is hugely diverse across species. Most fruit types have a live epidermal skin covered by a layer of cuticle made up of cutin while a few create an outermost layer of dead cells (peridermal layer). RESULTS In this study we undertook crosses between epidermal and peridermal skinned kiwifruit, and showed that epidermal skin is a semi-dominant trait. Furthermore, backcrossing these epidermal skinned hybrids to a peridermal skinned fruit created a diverse range of phenotypes ranging from epidermal skinned fruit, through fruit with varying degrees of patches of periderm (russeting), to fruit with a complete periderm. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of this population suggested that periderm formation was associated with four loci. These QTLs were aligned either to ones associated with russet formation on chromosome 19 and 24, or cuticle integrity and coverage located on chromosomes 3, 11 and 24. CONCLUSION From the segregation of skin type and QTL analysis, it appears that skin development in kiwifruit is controlled by two competing factors, cuticle strength and propensity to russet. A strong cuticle will inhibit russeting while a strong propensity to russet can create a continuous dead skinned periderm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Macnee
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd. (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
- School of Biological Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1146, New Zealand
| | - Elena Hilario
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd. (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jibran Tahir
- PFR, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | | | - Ben Warren
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd. (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Ria Rebstock
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd. (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Ian C Hallett
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd. (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - David Chagné
- PFR, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Robert J Schaffer
- School of Biological Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1146, New Zealand
- PFR, 55 Old Mill Road, RD3, Motueka, 7198, New Zealand
| | - Sean M Bulley
- PFR, 412 No 1 Road RD 2, Te Puke, 3182, New Zealand.
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17
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Zhang X, Man Y, Zhuang X, Shen J, Zhang Y, Cui Y, Yu M, Xing J, Wang G, Lian N, Hu Z, Ma L, Shen W, Yang S, Xu H, Bian J, Jing Y, Li X, Li R, Mao T, Jiao Y, Sodmergen, Ren H, Lin J. Plant multiscale networks: charting plant connectivity by multi-level analysis and imaging techniques. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 64:1392-1422. [PMID: 33974222 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1910-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In multicellular and even single-celled organisms, individual components are interconnected at multiscale levels to produce enormously complex biological networks that help these systems maintain homeostasis for development and environmental adaptation. Systems biology studies initially adopted network analysis to explore how relationships between individual components give rise to complex biological processes. Network analysis has been applied to dissect the complex connectivity of mammalian brains across different scales in time and space in The Human Brain Project. In plant science, network analysis has similarly been applied to study the connectivity of plant components at the molecular, subcellular, cellular, organic, and organism levels. Analysis of these multiscale networks contributes to our understanding of how genotype determines phenotype. In this review, we summarized the theoretical framework of plant multiscale networks and introduced studies investigating plant networks by various experimental and computational modalities. We next discussed the currently available analytic methodologies and multi-level imaging techniques used to map multiscale networks in plants. Finally, we highlighted some of the technical challenges and key questions remaining to be addressed in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.,College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yi Man
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.,College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhuang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jinbo Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yaning Cui
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.,College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Meng Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.,College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jingjing Xing
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 457004, China
| | - Guangchao Wang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Na Lian
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.,College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zijian Hu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lingyu Ma
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Weiwei Shen
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shunyao Yang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Huimin Xu
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiahui Bian
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yanping Jing
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.,College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ruili Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.,College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Tonglin Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuling Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Sodmergen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Haiyun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jinxing Lin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China. .,College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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18
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Li R, Sun S, Wang H, Wang K, Yu H, Zhou Z, Xin P, Chu J, Zhao T, Wang H, Li J, Cui X. FIS1 encodes a GA2-oxidase that regulates fruit firmness in tomato. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5844. [PMID: 33203832 PMCID: PMC7673020 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19705-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fruit firmness is a target trait in tomato breeding because it facilitates transportation and storage. However, it is also a complex trait and uncovering the molecular genetic mechanisms controlling fruit firmness has proven challenging. Here, we report the map-based cloning and functional characterization of qFIRM SKIN 1 (qFIS1), a major quantitative trait locus that partially determines the difference in compression resistance between cultivated and wild tomato accessions. FIS1 encodes a GA2-oxidase, and its mutation leads to increased bioactive gibberellin content, enhanced cutin and wax biosynthesis, and increased fruit firmness and shelf life. Importantly, FIS1 has no unfavorable effect on fruit weight or taste, making it an ideal target for breeders. Our study demonstrates that FIS1 mediates gibberellin catabolism and regulates fruit firmness, and it offers a potential strategy for tomato breeders to produce firmer fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shuai Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Haijing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ketao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Forest Cultivation, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Hong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Peiyong Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jinfang Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Tongmin Zhao
- Vegetable Research Institute, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Huanzhong Wang
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Jiayang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xia Cui
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
- Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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19
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Zhang L, Merlin I, Pascal S, Bert P, Domergue F, Gambetta GA. Drought activates MYB41 orthologs and induces suberization of grapevine fine roots. PLANT DIRECT 2020; 4:e00278. [PMID: 33251473 PMCID: PMC7680640 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The permeability of roots to water and nutrients is controlled through a variety of mechanisms and one of the most conspicuous is the presence of the Casparian strips and suberin lamellae. Roots actively regulate the creation of these structures developmentally, along the length of the root, and in response to the environment, including drought. In the current study, we characterized the suberin composition along the length of grapevine fine roots during development and in response to water deficit, and in the same root systems we quantified changes in expression of suberin biosynthesis- and deposition-related gene families (via RNAseq) allowing the identification of drought-responsive suberin-related genes. Grapevine suberin composition did not differ between primary and lateral roots, and was similar to that of other species. Under water deficit there was a global upregulation of suberin biosynthesis which resulted in an increase of suberin specific monomers, but without changes in their relative abundances, and this upregulation took place across all the developmental stages of fine roots. These changes corresponded to the upregulation of numerous suberin biosynthesis- and export-related genes which included orthologs of the previously characterized AtMYB41 transcriptional factor. Functional validation of two grapevine MYB41 orthologs, VriMYB41 and VriMYB41-like, confirmed their ability to globally upregulate suberin biosynthesis, export, and deposition. This study provides a detailed characterization of the developmental and water deficit induced suberization of grapevine fine roots and identifies important orthologs responsible for suberin biosynthesis, export, and its regulation in grape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- EGFVBordeaux‐Sciences AgroINRAUniv. BordeauxISVVVillenave d'OrnonFrance
| | - Isabelle Merlin
- EGFVBordeaux‐Sciences AgroINRAUniv. BordeauxISVVVillenave d'OrnonFrance
| | - Stéphanie Pascal
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse MembranaireCNRS – Univ. Bordeaux ‐ UMR 5200Bâtiment A3 ‐ INRA Bordeaux AquitaineVillenave d'OrnonFrance
| | | | - Frédéric Domergue
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse MembranaireCNRS – Univ. Bordeaux ‐ UMR 5200Bâtiment A3 ‐ INRA Bordeaux AquitaineVillenave d'OrnonFrance
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20
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Wang L, Xue W, Li X, Li J, Wu J, Xie L, Kawabata S, Li Y, Zhang Y. EgMIXTA1, a MYB-Type Transcription Factor, Promotes Cuticular Wax Formation in Eustoma grandiflorum Leaves. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:524947. [PMID: 33193471 PMCID: PMC7641950 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.524947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In the aerial plant organs, cuticular wax forms a hydrophobic layer that can protect cells from dehydration, repel pathogen attacks, and prevent organ fusion during development. The MIXTA gene encodes an MYB-like transcription factor, which is associated with epicuticular wax biosynthesis to increase the wax load on the surface of leaves. In this study, the AmMIXTA-homologous gene EgMIXTA1 was functionally characterized in the Eustoma grandiflorum. EgMIXTA1 was ubiquitously, but highly, expressed in leaves and buds. We identified the Eustoma MIXTA homolog and developed the plants for overexpression. EgMIXTA1-overexpressing plants had more wax crystal deposition on the leaf surface compared to wild-type and considerably more overall cuticular wax. In the leaves of the overexpression line, the cuticular transpiration occurred more slowly than in those of non-transgenic plants. Analysis of gene expression indicated that several genes, such as EgCER3, EgCER6, EgCER10, EgKCS1, EgKCR1, and EgCYP77A6, which are known to be involved in wax biosynthesis, were induced by EgMIXTA1-overexpression lines. Expression of another gene, WAX INDUCER1/SHINE1, encoding a transcription factor that stimulates the production of cutin, was also significantly higher in the overexpressors than in wild-type. However, the expression of a lipid-related gene, EgABCG12, did not change relative to the wild-type. These results suggest that EgMIXTA1 is involved in the biosynthesis of cuticular waxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Wanjie Xue
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xueqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jingyao Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiayan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Linan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Saneyuki Kawabata
- Institute for Sustainable Agroecosystem Services, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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21
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Galdon-Armero J, Arce-Rodriguez L, Downie M, Li J, Martin C. A Scanning Electron Micrograph-based Resource for Identification of Loci Involved in Epidermal Development in Tomato: Elucidation of a New Function for the Mixta-like Transcription Factor in Leaves. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:1414-1433. [PMID: 32169962 PMCID: PMC7203947 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.20.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The aerial epidermis of plants plays a major role in environmental interactions, yet the development of the cellular components of the aerial epidermis-trichomes, stomata, and pavement cells-is still not fully understood. We have performed a detailed screen of the leaf epidermis in two generations of the well-established Solanum lycopersicum cv M82 × Solanum pennellii ac. LA716 introgression line (IL) population using a combination of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. Quantification of trichome and stomatal densities in the ILs revealed four genomic regions with a consistently low trichome density. This study also found ILs with abnormal proportions of different trichome types and aberrant trichome morphologies. This work has led to the identification of new, unexplored genomic regions with roles in trichome formation in tomato. This study investigated one interval in IL2-6 in more detail and identified a new function for the transcription factor SlMixta-like in determining trichome patterning in leaves. This illustrates how these SEM images, publicly available to the research community, provide an important dataset for further studies on epidermal development in tomato and other species of the Solanaceae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Galdon-Armero
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Lisette Arce-Rodriguez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Irapuato, 36824 Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Matthew Downie
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Cathie Martin
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Andreuzza
- Assistant Features Editor The Plant CellDBT-Cambridge LecturerDepartment of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeUnited KingdomCenter for Cellular and Molecular BiologyHyderabad, India
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23
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Ying S, Su M, Wu Y, Zhou L, Fu R, Li Y, Guo H, Luo J, Wang S, Zhang Y. Trichome regulator SlMIXTA-like directly manipulates primary metabolism in tomato fruit. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:354-363. [PMID: 31254436 PMCID: PMC6953195 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Trichomes are storage compartments for specialized metabolites in many plant species. In trichome, plant primary metabolism is significantly changed, providing substrates for downstream secondary metabolism. However, little is known of how plants coordinate trichome formation and primary metabolism regulation. In this report, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) trichome regulator SlMIXTA-like is indicated as a metabolic regulation gene by mGWAS analysis. Overexpression of SlMIXTA-like in tomato fruit enhances trichome formation. In addition, SlMIXTA-like can directly bind to the promoter region of gene encoding 3-deoxy-7-phosphoheptulonate synthase (SlDAHPS) to activate its expression. Induction of SlDAHPS expression enhances shikimate pathway activities and provides substrates for downstream secondary metabolism. Our data provide direct evidence that trichome regulator can directly manipulate primary metabolism, in which way plants can coordinate metabolic regulation and the formation of storage compartments for specialized metabolites. The newly identified SlMIXTA-like can be used for future metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Ying
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐resource and Eco‐environment of Ministry of EducationCollege of Life SciencesState Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Min Su
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐resource and Eco‐environment of Ministry of EducationCollege of Life SciencesState Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐resource and Eco‐environment of Ministry of EducationCollege of Life SciencesState Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Lu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐resource and Eco‐environment of Ministry of EducationCollege of Life SciencesState Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Rao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐resource and Eco‐environment of Ministry of EducationCollege of Life SciencesState Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐resource and Eco‐environment of Ministry of EducationCollege of Life SciencesState Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Hao Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan)Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jie Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan)Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical BioresourceCollege of Tropical CropsHainan UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Shouchuang Wang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical BioresourceCollege of Tropical CropsHainan UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐resource and Eco‐environment of Ministry of EducationCollege of Life SciencesState Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengduChina
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24
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Chechanovsky N, Hovav R, Frenkel R, Faigenboim A, Eselson Y, Petreikov M, Moy M, Shen S, Schaffer AA. Low temperature upregulates cwp expression and modifies alternative splicing patterns, increasing the severity of cwp-induced tomato fruit cuticular microfissures. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2019; 6:122. [PMID: 31728197 PMCID: PMC6838111 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-019-0204-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The cwp (cuticular water permeability) gene controls the development of cuticular microfissuring and subsequent fruit dehydration in tomato. The gene underwent silencing in the evolution of the fleshy cultivated tomato but is expressed in the primitive wild tomato relatives. The introgression of the expressed allele from the wild S. habrochaites (cwp h ) into the cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) leads to the phenotype of fruit water loss during and following ripening. In this report, we show that low temperature impacts on the severity of the cuticular microfissure phenotype via a combination of effects on both expression and alternative splicing of cwp h . The cwp gene, comprising four exons and three introns, undergoes post-transcriptional alternative splicing processes, leading to seven alternative transcripts that differ in reading-frame lengths. Transgenic plants expressing each of the alternative transcripts identified the longest reading frame (VAR1) as the functional splice variant. Low temperature led to a strong upregulation of cwp h expression, compounded by an increase in the relative proportion of the functional VAR1 transcript, leading to increased severity of microfissuring of the cuticle. In summary, we demonstrate the molecular mechanism behind the horticultural phenomenon of the low-temperature effect on cuticular microfissures in the dehydrating tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noam Chechanovsky
- Department of Vegetable and Field Crops, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Ran Hovav
- Department of Vegetable and Field Crops, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Rina Frenkel
- Department of Vegetable and Field Crops, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Adi Faigenboim
- Department of Vegetable and Field Crops, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Yelena Eselson
- Department of Vegetable and Field Crops, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Marina Petreikov
- Department of Vegetable and Field Crops, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Michal Moy
- Department of Vegetable and Field Crops, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Shmuel Shen
- Department of Vegetable and Field Crops, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Arthur A. Schaffer
- Department of Vegetable and Field Crops, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
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25
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Hayashi N, Rongkavilit N, Tetsumura T, Sawa S, Wada T, Tominaga-Wada R. Effect of the CLE14 polypeptide on GLABRA2 homolog gene expression in rice and tomato roots. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2019; 36:205-208. [PMID: 31768124 PMCID: PMC6854340 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.19.0725a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The CLAVATA3/ESR (CLE) plant polypeptides act as peptide hormones in various physiological and developmental aspects in a diverse array of land plants. One of the CLE family of genes, CLE14, is reported to induce root hair formation in Arabidopsis thaliana roots. Previously, we demonstrated that the application of synthetic CLE14 polypeptide treatment induced excess root hairs, and reduced the expression level of the non-hair cell fate determinant gene, GLABRA2 (GL2) in Arabidopsis roots. In this study, we investigated the function of synthetic CLE14 polypeptide in rice (Oryza sativa) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) roots. We measured the expression levels of the OsGL2 and SlGL2 genes, i.e., homologs of the Arabidopsis GL2 gene, in rice and tomato seedlings, respectively. Although CLE14 polypeptide treatment induced excess root hair formation in rice roots, substantial root hair induction was not observed in tomato roots. However, the CLE14 polypeptide treatment significantly inhibited the expression of the GL2 homolog genes of rice (OsGL2) and tomato (SlGL2). Our findings thus indicated that CLE14 can inhibit the GL2 gene expression in both rice and tomato plants, similar to the effect seen in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Hayashi
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Natthanon Rongkavilit
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Road, Ladyao Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Takuya Tetsumura
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Sawa
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Takuji Wada
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Rumi Tominaga-Wada
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
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26
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Barchi L, Pietrella M, Venturini L, Minio A, Toppino L, Acquadro A, Andolfo G, Aprea G, Avanzato C, Bassolino L, Comino C, Molin AD, Ferrarini A, Maor LC, Portis E, Reyes-Chin-Wo S, Rinaldi R, Sala T, Scaglione D, Sonawane P, Tononi P, Almekias-Siegl E, Zago E, Ercolano MR, Aharoni A, Delledonne M, Giuliano G, Lanteri S, Rotino GL. A chromosome-anchored eggplant genome sequence reveals key events in Solanaceae evolution. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11769. [PMID: 31409808 PMCID: PMC6692341 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47985-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
With approximately 450 species, spiny Solanum species constitute the largest monophyletic group in the Solanaceae family, but a high-quality genome assembly from this group is presently missing. We obtained a chromosome-anchored genome assembly of eggplant (Solanum melongena), containing 34,916 genes, confirming that the diploid gene number in the Solanaceae is around 35,000. Comparative genomic studies with tomato (S. lycopersicum), potato (S. tuberosum) and pepper (Capsicum annuum) highlighted the rapid evolution of miRNA:mRNA regulatory pairs and R-type defense genes in the Solanaceae, and provided a genomic basis for the lack of steroidal glycoalkaloid compounds in the Capsicum genus. Using parsimony methods, we reconstructed the putative chromosomal complements of the key founders of the main Solanaceae clades and the rearrangements that led to the karyotypes of extant species and their ancestors. From 10% to 15% of the genes present in the four genomes were syntenic paralogs (ohnologs) generated by the pre-γ, γ and T paleopolyploidy events, and were enriched in transcription factors. Our data suggest that the basic gene network controlling fruit ripening is conserved in different Solanaceae clades, and that climacteric fruit ripening involves a differential regulation of relatively few components of this network, including CNR and ethylene biosynthetic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Barchi
- University of Torino - DISAFA - Plant Genetics and Breeding, Largo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Pietrella
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Development (ENEA), Casaccia Res Ctr, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Roma, Italy.,Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Olive, Citrus and Tree Fruit, 47121, Forlì, Italy
| | - Luca Venturini
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy.,Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Rd, Kensington, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Minio
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Laura Toppino
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, 26836, Montanaso Lombardo, LO, Italy
| | - Alberto Acquadro
- University of Torino - DISAFA - Plant Genetics and Breeding, Largo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Andolfo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055, Portici, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Aprea
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Development (ENEA), Casaccia Res Ctr, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Roma, Italy
| | - Carla Avanzato
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Laura Bassolino
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, 26836, Montanaso Lombardo, LO, Italy
| | - Cinzia Comino
- University of Torino - DISAFA - Plant Genetics and Breeding, Largo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Dal Molin
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Alberto Ferrarini
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Louise Chappell Maor
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Ezio Portis
- University of Torino - DISAFA - Plant Genetics and Breeding, Largo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
| | - Sebastian Reyes-Chin-Wo
- UC Davis Genome Center-GBSF, 451 Health Sciences Drive, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Riccardo Rinaldi
- University of Torino - DISAFA - Plant Genetics and Breeding, Largo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
| | - Tea Sala
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, 26836, Montanaso Lombardo, LO, Italy
| | - Davide Scaglione
- IGA Technology Services, Via J. Linussio, 51, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Prashant Sonawane
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Paola Tononi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Efrat Almekias-Siegl
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Elisa Zago
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Massimo Delledonne
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Giuliano
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Development (ENEA), Casaccia Res Ctr, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123, Roma, Italy.
| | - Sergio Lanteri
- University of Torino - DISAFA - Plant Genetics and Breeding, Largo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Leonardo Rotino
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, 26836, Montanaso Lombardo, LO, Italy
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Trivedi P, Nguyen N, Hykkerud AL, Häggman H, Martinussen I, Jaakola L, Karppinen K. Developmental and Environmental Regulation of Cuticular Wax Biosynthesis in Fleshy Fruits. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:431. [PMID: 31110509 PMCID: PMC6499192 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The aerial parts of land plants are covered by a hydrophobic layer called cuticle that limits non-stomatal water loss and provides protection against external biotic and abiotic stresses. The cuticle is composed of polymer cutin and wax comprising a mixture of very-long-chain fatty acids and their derivatives, while also bioactive secondary metabolites such as triterpenoids are present. Fleshy fruits are also covered by the cuticle, which has an important protective role during the fruit development and ripening. Research related to the biosynthesis and composition of cuticles on vegetative plant parts has largely promoted the research on cuticular waxes in fruits. The chemical composition of the cuticular wax varies greatly between fruit species and is modified by developmental and environmental cues affecting the protective properties of the wax. This review focuses on the current knowledge of the cuticular wax biosynthesis during fleshy fruits development, and on the effect of environmental factors in regulation of the biosynthesis. Bioactive properties of fruit cuticular waxes are also briefly discussed, as well as the potential for recycling of industrial fruit residues as a valuable raw material for natural wax to be used in food, cosmetics and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Trivedi
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Nga Nguyen
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Hely Häggman
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Laura Jaakola
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
- Climate Laboratory Holt, Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Katja Karppinen
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Climate Laboratory Holt, Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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28
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Rett-Cadman S, Colle M, Mansfeld B, Barry CS, Wang Y, Weng Y, Gao L, Fei Z, Grumet R. QTL and Transcriptomic Analyses Implicate Cuticle Transcription Factor SHINE as a Source of Natural Variation for Epidermal Traits in Cucumber Fruit. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1536. [PMID: 31827480 PMCID: PMC6890859 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The fruit surface is a unique tissue with multiple roles influencing fruit development, post-harvest storage and quality, and consumer acceptability. Serving as the first line of protection against herbivores, pathogens, and abiotic stress, the surface can vary markedly among species, cultivars within species, and developmental stage. In this study we explore developmental changes and natural variation of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) fruit surface properties using two cucumber lines which vary greatly for these traits and for which draft genomes and a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array are available: Chinese fresh market type, Chinese Long '9930' (CL9930), and pickling type, 'Gy14'. Thin-section samples were prepared from the mid-region of fruit harvested at 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24 and 30 days post pollination (dpp), stained with Sudan IV and evaluated for cuticle thickness, depth of wax intercalation between epidermal cells, epidermal cell size and shape, and number and size of lipid droplets. 'Gy14' is characterized by columnar shaped epidermal cells, a 2-3 fold thicker cuticular layer than CL9930, increased cuticular intercalations between cells and a larger number and larger sized lipid droplets. In both lines maximal deposition of cuticle and increase in epidermal size coincided with exponential fruit growth and was largely completed by approximately 16 dpp. Phenotyping and quantitative trait locus mapping (QTL) of fruit sampled from an F7:F8 Gy14 × CL9930 recombinant inbred line (RIL) population identified QTL regions on chromosomes 1, 4 and 5. Strong QTL for epidermal cell height, cuticle thickness, intercalation depth, and diameter of lipid droplets co-localized on chromosome 1. SSR markers on chromosome 1 were used to screen for recombinants in an extended RIL population to refine the QTL region. Further fine mapping by KASP assay combined with gene expression profiling suggested a small number of candidate genes. Tissue specificity, developmental analysis of expression, allelic diversity and gene function implicate the regulatory factor CsSHINE1/WIN1 as a source of natural variation for cucumber fruit epidermal traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Rett-Cadman
- Department of Horticulture and Graduate Program in Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biotechnology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Marivi Colle
- Department of Horticulture and Graduate Program in Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biotechnology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Ben Mansfeld
- Department of Horticulture and Graduate Program in Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biotechnology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Cornelius S. Barry
- Department of Horticulture and Graduate Program in Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biotechnology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Yuhui Wang
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
- USDA-ARS, Vegetable Crops Research Unit, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Yiqun Weng
- Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
- USDA-ARS, Vegetable Crops Research Unit, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Lei Gao
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Rebecca Grumet
- Department of Horticulture and Graduate Program in Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biotechnology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Rebecca Grumet,
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Outchkourov NS, Karlova R, Hölscher M, Schrama X, Blilou I, Jongedijk E, Simon CD, van Dijk ADJ, Bosch D, Hall RD, Beekwilder J. Transcription Factor-Mediated Control of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Vegetative Tissues. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 176:1862-1878. [PMID: 29192027 PMCID: PMC5813534 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plants accumulate secondary metabolites to adapt to environmental conditions. These compounds, here exemplified by the purple-colored anthocyanins, are accumulated upon high temperatures, UV-light, drought, and nutrient deficiencies, and may contribute to tolerance to these stresses. Producing compounds is often part of a more broad response of the plant to changes in the environment. Here we investigate how a transcription-factor-mediated program for controlling anthocyanin biosynthesis also has effects on formation of specialized cell structures and changes in the plant root architecture. A systems biology approach was developed in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) for coordinated induction of biosynthesis of anthocyanins, in a tissue- and development-independent manner. A transcription factor couple from Antirrhinum that is known to control anthocyanin biosynthesis was introduced in tomato under control of a dexamethasone-inducible promoter. By application of dexamethasone, anthocyanin formation was induced within 24 h in vegetative tissues and in undifferentiated cells. Profiles of metabolites and gene expression were analyzed in several tomato tissues. Changes in concentration of anthocyanins and other phenolic compounds were observed in all tested tissues, accompanied by induction of the biosynthetic pathways leading from Glc to anthocyanins. A number of pathways that are not known to be involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis were observed to be regulated. Anthocyanin-producing plants displayed profound physiological and architectural changes, depending on the tissue, including root branching, root epithelial cell morphology, seed germination, and leaf conductance. The inducible anthocyanin-production system reveals a range of phenomena that accompanies anthocyanin biosynthesis in tomato, including adaptions of the plants architecture and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rumyana Karlova
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Hölscher
- Wageningen Plant Research, Bioscience, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xandra Schrama
- Wageningen Plant Research, Bioscience, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ikram Blilou
- Plant Developmental Biology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Esmer Jongedijk
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Carmen Diez Simon
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Aalt D J van Dijk
- Wageningen Plant Research, Bioscience, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Biometris, Wageningen University, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Wageningen University, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Robert D Hall
- Wageningen Plant Research, Bioscience, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Jules Beekwilder
- Wageningen Plant Research, Bioscience, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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30
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Li W, Ding Z, Ruan M, Yu X, Peng M, Liu Y. Kiwifruit R2R3-MYB transcription factors and contribution of the novel AcMYB75 to red kiwifruit anthocyanin biosynthesis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16861. [PMID: 29203778 PMCID: PMC5715094 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16905-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Red kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) is a popular fresh fruit with a high market value due to its unique color, caused by anthocyanin accumulation. The R2R3-MYB transcription factors (TFs) have important roles in plant development and anthocyanin metabolism. In this first comprehensive study of R2R3-MYBs in kiwifruit, a total of 93 R2R3-MYB genes, including five novel previously unannotated AcMYBs, were identified. Their phylogenic relationship, exon-intron structures, and conserved motifs were analyzed. Based on transcriptome data, 60 AcMYBs were expressed (FPKM > 1) across seven developmental stages of kiwifruit, revealing five expression patterns. One of the 5 newly identified R2R3 TFs, AcMYB75, showed an anthocyanin accumulation-linked expression pattern during fruit development. AcMYB75 localized to the nucleus and has an active transactivation domain, verifying it as a transcription factor. AcMYB75 protein specifically bound the promoter of the anthocyanin biosynthesis gene ANS in yeast one-hybrid system and in vivo. In 35 S:AcMYB75 Arabidopsis plants, anthocyanin significantly accumulated in leaves, and the expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes was greatly up-regulated. Together, these results suggest that AcMYB75 is involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis in kiwifruit. These findings will increase our understanding of AcMYBs involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis, and also benefit further functional characterization of R2R3-MYB genes in kiwifruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Zehong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Mengbin Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Xiaoling Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Ming Peng
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China.
| | - Yifei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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31
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Cui L, Qiu Z, Wang Z, Gao J, Guo Y, Huang Z, Du Y, Wang X. Fine Mapping of a Gene ( ER4.1) that Causes Epidermal Reticulation of Tomato Fruit and Characterization of the Associated Transcriptome. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1254. [PMID: 28798753 PMCID: PMC5526902 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The hydrophobic cuticle that covers the surface of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit plays key roles in development and protection against biotic and abiotic stresses, including water loss, mechanical damage, UV radiation, pathogens, and pests. However, many details of the genes and regulatory mechanisms involved in cuticle biosynthesis in fleshy fruits are not well understood. In this study, we describe a novel tomato fruit phenotype, characterized by epidermal reticulation (ER) of green fruit and a higher water loss rate than wild type (WT) fruit. The ER phenotype is controlled by a single gene, ER4.1, derived from an introgressed chromosomal segment from the wild tomato species S. pennellii (LA0716). We performed fine mapping of the single dominant gene to an ~300 kb region and identified Solyc04g082540, Solyc04g082950, Solyc04g082630, and Solyc04g082910as potential candidate genes for the ER4.1 locus, based on comparative RNA-seq analysis of ER and WT fruit peels. In addition, the transcriptome analysis revealed that the expression levels of genes involved in cutin, wax and flavonoid biosynthesis were altered in the ER fruit compared with WT. This study provides new insights into the regulatory mechanisms and metabolism of the fruit cuticle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Cui
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Zhengkun Qiu
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Zhirong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Jianchang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Yanmei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Zejun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Yongchen Du
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing, China
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32
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Occurrence and Biosynthesis of Alkyl Hydroxycinnamates in Plant Lipid Barriers. PLANTS 2017; 6:plants6030025. [PMID: 28665304 PMCID: PMC5620581 DOI: 10.3390/plants6030025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The plant lipid barriers cuticle and suberin represent one of the largest biological interfaces on the planet. They are comprised of an insoluble polymeric domain with associated organic solvent-soluble waxes. Suberin-associated and plant cuticular waxes contain mixtures of aliphatic components that may include alkyl hydroxycinnamates (AHCs). The canonical alkyl hydroxycinnamates are comprised of phenylpropanoids, typically coumaric, ferulic, or caffeic acids, esterified with long chain to very long chain fatty alcohols. However, many related structures are also present in the plant kingdom. Although their functions remain elusive, much progress has been made on understanding the distribution, biosynthesis, and deposition of AHCs. Herein a summary of the current state of knowledge on plant AHCs is provided.
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33
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Fernandez-Moreno JP, Levy-Samoha D, Malitsky S, Monforte AJ, Orzaez D, Aharoni A, Granell A. Uncovering tomato quantitative trait loci and candidate genes for fruit cuticular lipid composition using the Solanum pennellii introgression line population. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:2703-2716. [PMID: 28475776 PMCID: PMC5853253 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The cuticle is a specialized cell wall layer that covers the outermost surface of the epidermal cells and has important implications for fruit permeability and pathogen susceptibility. In order to decipher the genetic control of tomato fruit cuticle composition, an introgression line (IL) population derived from a biparental cross between Solanum pennellii (LA0716) and the Solanum lycopersicum cultivar M82 was used to build a first map of associated quantitative trait loci (QTLs). A total of 24 cuticular waxes and 26 cutin monomers were determined. They showed changes associated with 18 genomic regions distributed in nine chromosomes affecting 19 ILs. Out of the five main fruit cuticular components described for the wild species S. pennellii, three of them were associated with IL3.4, IL12.1, and IL7.4.1, causing an increase in n-alkanes (≥C30), a decrease in amyrin content, and a decrease in cuticle thickness of ~50%, respectively. Moreover, we also found a QTL associated with increased levels of amyrins in IL3.4. In addition, we propose some candidate genes on the basis of their differential gene expression and single nucleotide polymorphism variability between the introgressed and the recurrent alleles, which will be the subjects of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefina-Patricia Fernandez-Moreno
- Fruit Genomics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-UPV), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Av/ Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, CP, Valencia, Spain
| | - Dorit Levy-Samoha
- Department of Plant Sciences and the Environment, Weizmann Institute of Science, Ullmann Building of Life Sciences, Room, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sergey Malitsky
- Department of Plant Sciences and the Environment, Weizmann Institute of Science, Ullmann Building of Life Sciences, Room, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Antonio J Monforte
- Genomics in Plant Breeding Laboratory, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-UPV), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Av/ Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, CP, Valencia, Spain
| | - Diego Orzaez
- Fruit Genomics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-UPV), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Av/ Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, CP, Valencia, Spain
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant Sciences and the Environment, Weizmann Institute of Science, Ullmann Building of Life Sciences, Room, Rehovot, Israel
- Correspondence: and
| | - Antonio Granell
- Fruit Genomics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-UPV), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Av/ Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, CP, Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: and
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34
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Lashbrooke J, Cohen H, Levy-Samocha D, Tzfadia O, Panizel I, Zeisler V, Massalha H, Stern A, Trainotti L, Schreiber L, Costa F, Aharoni A. MYB107 and MYB9 Homologs Regulate Suberin Deposition in Angiosperms. THE PLANT CELL 2016; 28:2097-2116. [PMID: 27604696 PMCID: PMC5059810 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.16.00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Suberin, a polymer composed of both aliphatic and aromatic domains, is deposited as a rough matrix upon plant surface damage and during normal growth in the root endodermis, bark, specialized organs (e.g., potato [Solanum tuberosum] tubers), and seed coats. To identify genes associated with the developmental control of suberin deposition, we investigated the chemical composition and transcriptomes of suberized tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and russet apple (Malus x domestica) fruit surfaces. Consequently, a gene expression signature for suberin polymer assembly was revealed that is highly conserved in angiosperms. Seed permeability assays of knockout mutants corresponding to signature genes revealed regulatory proteins (i.e., AtMYB9 and AtMYB107) required for suberin assembly in the Arabidopsis thaliana seed coat. Seeds of myb107 and myb9 Arabidopsis mutants displayed a significant reduction in suberin monomers and altered levels of other seed coat-associated metabolites. They also exhibited increased permeability, and lower germination capacities under osmotic and salt stress. AtMYB9 and AtMYB107 appear to synchronize the transcriptional induction of aliphatic and aromatic monomer biosynthesis and transport and suberin polymerization in the seed outer integument layer. Collectively, our findings establish a regulatory system controlling developmentally deposited suberin, which likely differs from the one of stress-induced polymer assembly recognized to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Lashbrooke
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
- Research and Innovation Centre, Foundation Edmund Mach, I-38010 San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
- ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa
| | - Hagai Cohen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Dorit Levy-Samocha
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Oren Tzfadia
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Irina Panizel
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Viktoria Zeisler
- Department of Ecophysiology, IZMB, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Hassan Massalha
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Adi Stern
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Livio Trainotti
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Lukas Schreiber
- Department of Ecophysiology, IZMB, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Fabrizio Costa
- Research and Innovation Centre, Foundation Edmund Mach, I-38010 San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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35
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Petit J, Bres C, Mauxion JP, Tai FWJ, Martin LBB, Fich EA, Joubès J, Rose JKC, Domergue F, Rothan C. The Glycerol-3-Phosphate Acyltransferase GPAT6 from Tomato Plays a Central Role in Fruit Cutin Biosynthesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 171:894-913. [PMID: 27208295 PMCID: PMC4902622 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The thick cuticle covering and embedding the epidermal cells of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit acts not only as a protective barrier against pathogens and water loss but also influences quality traits such as brightness and postharvest shelf-life. In a recent study, we screened a mutant collection of the miniature tomato cultivar Micro-Tom and isolated several glossy fruit mutants in which the abundance of cutin, the polyester component of the cuticle, was strongly reduced. We employed a newly developed mapping-by-sequencing strategy to identify the causal mutation underlying the cutin deficiency in a mutant thereafter named gpat6-a (for glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase6). To this end, a backcross population (BC1F2) segregating for the glossy trait was phenotyped. Individuals displaying either a wild-type or a glossy fruit trait were then pooled into bulked populations and submitted to whole-genome sequencing prior to mutation frequency analysis. This revealed that the causal point mutation in the gpat6-a mutant introduces a charged amino acid adjacent to the active site of a GPAT6 enzyme. We further showed that this mutation completely abolished the GPAT activity of the recombinant protein. The gpat6-a mutant showed perturbed pollen formation but, unlike a gpat6 mutant of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), was not male sterile. The most striking phenotype was observed in the mutant fruit, where cuticle thickness, composition, and properties were altered. RNA sequencing analysis highlighted the main processes and pathways that were affected by the mutation at the transcriptional level, which included those associated with lipid, secondary metabolite, and cell wall biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Petit
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 BFP, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France (J.P., C.B., J.-P.M., F.W.J.T., C.R.);Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (L.B.B.M., E.A.F., J.K.C.R.);Laboratoire de Biogénèse Membranaire, Université de Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (J.J., F.D.); andLaboratoire de Biogénèse Membranaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (J.J., F.D.)
| | - Cécile Bres
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 BFP, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France (J.P., C.B., J.-P.M., F.W.J.T., C.R.);Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (L.B.B.M., E.A.F., J.K.C.R.);Laboratoire de Biogénèse Membranaire, Université de Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (J.J., F.D.); andLaboratoire de Biogénèse Membranaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (J.J., F.D.)
| | - Jean-Philippe Mauxion
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 BFP, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France (J.P., C.B., J.-P.M., F.W.J.T., C.R.);Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (L.B.B.M., E.A.F., J.K.C.R.);Laboratoire de Biogénèse Membranaire, Université de Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (J.J., F.D.); andLaboratoire de Biogénèse Membranaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (J.J., F.D.)
| | - Fabienne Wong Jun Tai
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 BFP, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France (J.P., C.B., J.-P.M., F.W.J.T., C.R.);Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (L.B.B.M., E.A.F., J.K.C.R.);Laboratoire de Biogénèse Membranaire, Université de Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (J.J., F.D.); andLaboratoire de Biogénèse Membranaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (J.J., F.D.)
| | - Laetitia B B Martin
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 BFP, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France (J.P., C.B., J.-P.M., F.W.J.T., C.R.);Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (L.B.B.M., E.A.F., J.K.C.R.);Laboratoire de Biogénèse Membranaire, Université de Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (J.J., F.D.); andLaboratoire de Biogénèse Membranaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (J.J., F.D.)
| | - Eric A Fich
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 BFP, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France (J.P., C.B., J.-P.M., F.W.J.T., C.R.);Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (L.B.B.M., E.A.F., J.K.C.R.);Laboratoire de Biogénèse Membranaire, Université de Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (J.J., F.D.); andLaboratoire de Biogénèse Membranaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (J.J., F.D.)
| | - Jérôme Joubès
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 BFP, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France (J.P., C.B., J.-P.M., F.W.J.T., C.R.);Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (L.B.B.M., E.A.F., J.K.C.R.);Laboratoire de Biogénèse Membranaire, Université de Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (J.J., F.D.); andLaboratoire de Biogénèse Membranaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (J.J., F.D.)
| | - Jocelyn K C Rose
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 BFP, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France (J.P., C.B., J.-P.M., F.W.J.T., C.R.);Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (L.B.B.M., E.A.F., J.K.C.R.);Laboratoire de Biogénèse Membranaire, Université de Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (J.J., F.D.); andLaboratoire de Biogénèse Membranaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (J.J., F.D.)
| | - Frédéric Domergue
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 BFP, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France (J.P., C.B., J.-P.M., F.W.J.T., C.R.);Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (L.B.B.M., E.A.F., J.K.C.R.);Laboratoire de Biogénèse Membranaire, Université de Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (J.J., F.D.); andLaboratoire de Biogénèse Membranaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (J.J., F.D.)
| | - Christophe Rothan
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1332 BFP, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Bordeaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France (J.P., C.B., J.-P.M., F.W.J.T., C.R.);Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (L.B.B.M., E.A.F., J.K.C.R.);Laboratoire de Biogénèse Membranaire, Université de Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (J.J., F.D.); andLaboratoire de Biogénèse Membranaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (J.J., F.D.)
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36
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Alkan N, Fortes AM. Insights into molecular and metabolic events associated with fruit response to post-harvest fungal pathogens. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:889. [PMID: 26539204 PMCID: PMC4612155 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Due to post-harvest losses more than 30% of harvested fruits will not reach the consumers' plate. Fungal pathogens play a key role in those losses, as they cause most of the fruit rots and the customer complaints. Many of the fungal pathogens are already present in the unripe fruit but remain quiescent during fruit growth until a particular phase of fruit ripening and senescence. The pathogens sense the developmental change and switch into the devastating necrotrophic life style that causes fruit rotting. Colonization of unripe fruit by the fungus initiates defensive responses that limit fungal growth and development. However, during fruit ripening several physiological processes occur that correlate with increased fruit susceptibility. In contrast to plant defenses in unripe fruit, the defense posture of ripe fruit entails a different subset of defense responses that will end with fruit rotting and losses. This review will focus on several aspects of molecular and metabolic events associated with fleshy fruit responses induced by post-harvest fungal pathogens during fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noam Alkan
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Volcani Center, Agricultural Research OrganizationBet Dagan, Israel
| | - Ana M. Fortes
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, Universidade de LisboaLisboa, Portugal
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