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Alahmad A, Harir M, Fochesato S, Tulumello J, Walker A, Barakat M, Ndour PMS, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Cournac L, Laplaze L, Heulin T, Achouak W. Unraveling the interplay between root exudates, microbiota, and rhizosheath formation in pearl millet. MICROBIOME 2024; 12:1. [PMID: 38167150 PMCID: PMC10763007 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01727-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rhizosheath, a cohesive soil layer firmly adhering to plant roots, plays a vital role in facilitating water and mineral uptake. In pearl millet, rhizosheath formation is genetically controlled and influenced by root exudates. Here, we investigated the impact of root exudates on the microbiota composition, interactions, and assembly processes, and rhizosheath structure in pearl millet using four distinct lines with contrasting soil aggregation abilities. RESULTS Utilizing 16S rRNA gene and ITS metabarcoding for microbiota profiling, coupled with FTICR-MS metabonomic analysis of metabolite composition in distinct plant compartments and root exudates, we revealed substantial disparities in microbial diversity and interaction networks. The ß-NTI analysis highlighted bacterial rhizosphere turnover driven primarily by deterministic processes, showcasing prevalent homogeneous selection in root tissue (RT) and root-adhering soil (RAS). Conversely, fungal communities were more influenced by stochastic processes. In bulk soil assembly, a combination of deterministic and stochastic mechanisms shapes composition, with deterministic factors exerting a more pronounced role. Metabolic profiles across shoots, RT, and RAS in different pearl millet lines mirrored their soil aggregation levels, emphasizing the impact of inherent plant traits on microbiota composition and unique metabolic profiles in RT and exudates. Notably, exclusive presence of antimicrobial compounds, including DIMBOA and H-DIMBOA, emerged in root exudates and RT of low aggregation lines. CONCLUSIONS This research underscores the pivotal influence of root exudates in shaping the root-associated microbiota composition across pearl millet lines, entwined with their soil aggregation capacities. These findings underscore the interconnectedness of root exudates and microbiota, which jointly shape rhizosheath structure, deepening insights into soil-plant-microbe interactions and ecological processes shaping rhizosphere microbial communities. Deciphering plant-microbe interactions and their contribution to soil aggregation and microbiota dynamics holds promise for the advancement of sustainable agricultural strategies. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrahman Alahmad
- CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Lab Microbial Ecology of the Rhizosphere (LEMiRE), Aix Marseille Univ, 13108, Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France
- UniLaSalle, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, AGHYLE Rouen UP 2018.C101, 3 Rue du Tronquet, 76130, Mont-Saint- Aignan, France
| | - Mourad Harir
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Munich, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair Analytl Food Chem, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Sylvain Fochesato
- CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Lab Microbial Ecology of the Rhizosphere (LEMiRE), Aix Marseille Univ, 13108, Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - Joris Tulumello
- CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Lab Microbial Ecology of the Rhizosphere (LEMiRE), Aix Marseille Univ, 13108, Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - Alesia Walker
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Munich, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mohamed Barakat
- CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Lab Microbial Ecology of the Rhizosphere (LEMiRE), Aix Marseille Univ, 13108, Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - Papa Mamadou Sitor Ndour
- CIRAD, INRAE, Eco&Sols, Université de Montpellier, Institut Agro, IRD FR, Montpellier, France
- UCEIV-ULCO, 50 Rue Ferdinand Buisson, 62228, Calais, France
- LMI IESOL, Centre de Recherche, ISRA-IRD de Bel Air, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Munich, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair Analytl Food Chem, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Laurent Cournac
- CIRAD, INRAE, Eco&Sols, Université de Montpellier, Institut Agro, IRD FR, Montpellier, France
- LMI IESOL, Centre de Recherche, ISRA-IRD de Bel Air, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Laurent Laplaze
- UMR DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
- LMI LAPSE, Centre de Recherche, ISRA-IRD de Bel Air, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Thierry Heulin
- CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Lab Microbial Ecology of the Rhizosphere (LEMiRE), Aix Marseille Univ, 13108, Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France.
| | - Wafa Achouak
- CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Lab Microbial Ecology of the Rhizosphere (LEMiRE), Aix Marseille Univ, 13108, Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France.
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Li Y, Wang X, Chen X, Lu J, Jin Z, Li J. Functions of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in regulating endangered species Heptacodium miconioides growth and drought stress tolerance. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 42:1967-1986. [PMID: 37812279 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03076-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The important values of AMF in regulating endangered species Heptacodium miconioides growth and drought stress tolerance. The wild endangered tree Heptacodium miconioides is distributed sporadically in mountainous areas and often subjected to various abiotic stresses, such as drought. The mutualistic association between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is known to have a significant impact on plant growth and their ability to withstand drought conditions. However, the role of AMF in H. miconioides seedlings in regulating drought tolerance remains unknown. This study investigated the ability of AMF symbionts to mitigate drought and their underlying mechanism on H. miconioides leaves. The results showed that drought stress dramatically decreased the leaf biomass and damaged the chloroplast structure in seedlings. Conversely, inoculation with AMF noticeably alleviated the deleterious effects of drought stress by restoring leaf morphology and improving the photosynthetic capacity. Moreover, plants inoculated with AMF enhanced the proportion of palisade tissue to spongy tissue in the leaves and the size of starch grains and number of plastoglobules in the chloroplast ultrastructure. A transcriptomic analysis showed that 2157 genes (691 upregulated and 1466 downregulated) were differentially expressed between drought stress with AMF inoculation and drought treatment. Further examination demonstrated that the genes exhibiting differential expression were predominantly associated with the advancement of photosynthesis, sucrose and starch metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, chloroplast development, and phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathways, and the key potential genes were screened. These findings conclusively provided the physiological and molecular mechanisms that underlie improved drought resistance in H. miconioides in the presence of AMF, which could contribute to improving the survival and species conservation of H. miconioides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueling Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China
- Institute of Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China
- Institute of Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Xingyu Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China
- Institute of Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Jieyang Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China
- Institute of Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Zexin Jin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China.
- Institute of Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China.
| | - Junmin Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China.
- Institute of Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China.
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de Freitas Pereira M, Cohen D, Auer L, Aubry N, Bogeat-Triboulot MB, Buré C, Engle NL, Jolivet Y, Kohler A, Novák O, Pavlović I, Priault P, Tschaplinski TJ, Hummel I, Vaultier MN, Veneault-Fourrey C. Ectomycorrhizal symbiosis prepares its host locally and systemically for abiotic cue signaling. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:1784-1803. [PMID: 37715981 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Tree growth and survival are dependent on their ability to perceive signals, integrate them, and trigger timely and fitted molecular and growth responses. While ectomycorrhizal symbiosis is a predominant tree-microbe interaction in forest ecosystems, little is known about how and to what extent it helps trees cope with environmental changes. We hypothesized that the presence of Laccaria bicolor influences abiotic cue perception by Populus trichocarpa and the ensuing signaling cascade. We submitted ectomycorrhizal or non-ectomycorrhizal P. trichocarpa cuttings to short-term cessation of watering or ozone fumigation to focus on signaling networks before the onset of any physiological damage. Poplar gene expression, metabolite levels, and hormone levels were measured in several organs (roots, leaves, mycorrhizas) and integrated into networks. We discriminated the signal responses modified or maintained by ectomycorrhization. Ectomycorrhizas buffered hormonal changes in response to short-term environmental variations systemically prepared the root system for further fungal colonization and alleviated part of the root abscisic acid (ABA) signaling. The presence of ectomycorrhizas in the roots also modified the leaf multi-omics landscape and ozone responses, most likely through rewiring of the molecular drivers of photosynthesis and the calcium signaling pathway. In conclusion, P. trichocarpa-L. bicolor symbiosis results in a systemic remodeling of the host's signaling networks in response to abiotic changes. In addition, ectomycorrhizal, hormonal, metabolic, and transcriptomic blueprints are maintained in response to abiotic cues, suggesting that ectomycorrhizas are less responsive than non-mycorrhizal roots to abiotic challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Cohen
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR Silva, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Lucas Auer
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, Laboratory of Excellence ARBRE, UMR Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Nathalie Aubry
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR Silva, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | | | - Cyril Buré
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR Silva, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Nancy L Engle
- Plant Systems Biology Group, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 37831, USA
| | - Yves Jolivet
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR Silva, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Annegret Kohler
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, Laboratory of Excellence ARBRE, UMR Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science of Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Pavlović
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science of Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pierrick Priault
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR Silva, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Timothy J Tschaplinski
- Plant Systems Biology Group, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 37831, USA
| | - Irène Hummel
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR Silva, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | | | - Claire Veneault-Fourrey
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, Laboratory of Excellence ARBRE, UMR Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, F-54000, Nancy, France
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Xie W, Hao Z, Zhou J, Fu W, Guo L, Zhang X, Chen B. Integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics reveal specific phenolic and flavonoid accumulation in licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.) induced by arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis under drought stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 205:108173. [PMID: 37984021 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis can strengthen plant defense against abiotic stress, such as drought, through multiple mechanisms; however, the specialized chemical defenses induced by AM symbiosis are largely unknown. In a pot experiment, licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.) inoculated with and without arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis Schenck & Smith were grown under well-watered or water deficit conditions. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were combined to investigate licorice root specialized metabolism induced by AM symbiosis under drought stress. Results showed that mycorrhizal plants had few dead leaves, less biomass reduction, and less differentially expressed genes and metabolite features in response to drought compared with nonmycorrhizal plants. Transcriptomic and metabolomic data revealed that mycorrhizal roots generally accumulated lignin regardless of the water regime; however, the expression of genes involved in lignin biosynthesis was significantly downregulated by drought stress in mycorrhizal plants. By contrast, AM inoculation significantly decreased specialized metabolites accumulation, including phenolics and flavonoids under well-watered conditions, whereas these decreases turned to be nonsignificant under drought stress. Moreover, these specific phenolics and flavonoids showed significant drought-induced accumulation pattern in mycorrhizal roots. These results highlight that accumulation of specific root phenolics and flavonoids may support the drought tolerance of mycorrhizal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhipeng Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Jun Zhou
- Chrono-Environment UMR6249, CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000, Besançon, France
| | - Wei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lanping Guo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Baodong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Fu R, Wang J, Chen C, Liu Y, Zhao L, Lu D. Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses Provide Insights into the Pathogenic Mechanism of the Rice False Smut Pathogen Ustilaginoidea virens. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10805. [PMID: 37445981 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice false smut, caused by the fungal pathogen Ustilaginoidea virens, is a worldwide rice fungal disease. However, the molecular mechanism of the pathogenicity of the fungus U. virens remains unclear. To understand the molecular mechanism of pathogenesis of the fungus U. virens, we performed an integrated analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome of strongly (S) and weakly (W) virulent strains both before and after the infection of panicles. A total of 7932 differential expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using transcriptome analysis. Gene ontology (GO) and metabolic pathway enrichment analysis indicated that amino acid metabolism, autophagy-yeast, MAPK signaling pathway-yeast, and starch and sucrose metabolism were closely related to the pathogenicity of U. virens. Genes related to pathogenicity were significantly upregulated in the strongly virulent strain, and were ATG, MAPK, STE, TPS, and NTH genes. However, genes involved in the negative regulation of pathogenesis were significantly downregulated and contained TOR kinase, TORC1, and autophagy-related protein genes. Metabolome analysis identified 698 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs), including 13 categories of organic acids and derivatives, lipids and lipid-like molecules, organoheterocyclic compounds. The significantly enriched pathways of DAMs mainly included amino acids and carbohydrates, and they accumulated after infection by the S strain. To understand the relevance of DEGs and DAMs in the pathogenicity of U. virens, transcriptomic and metabolomic data were integrated and analyzed. These results further confirmed that the pathogenesis of U. virens was regulated by DEGs and DAMs related to these four pathways, involving arginine and proline metabolism, lysine biosynthesis, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, and starch and sugar metabolism. Therefore, we speculate that the pathogenicity of U. virens is closely related to the accumulation of amino acids and carbohydrates, and to the changes in the expression of related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongtao Fu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Science, 20# Jingjusi Road, Chengdu 610066, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Science, 20# Jingjusi Road, Chengdu 610066, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Science, 20# Jingjusi Road, Chengdu 610066, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Environment-Friendly Crop Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Science, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Liyu Zhao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Science, 20# Jingjusi Road, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Daihua Lu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Science, 20# Jingjusi Road, Chengdu 610066, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 610066, China
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Vigneaud J, Kohler A, Sow MD, Delaunay A, Fauchery L, Guinet F, Daviaud C, Barry KW, Keymanesh K, Johnson J, Singan V, Grigoriev I, Fichot R, Conde D, Perales M, Tost J, Martin FM, Allona I, Strauss SH, Veneault-Fourrey C, Maury S. DNA hypomethylation of the host tree impairs interaction with mutualistic ectomycorrhizal fungus. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:2561-2577. [PMID: 36807327 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Ectomycorrhizas are an intrinsic component of tree nutrition and responses to environmental variations. How epigenetic mechanisms might regulate these mutualistic interactions is unknown. By manipulating the level of expression of the chromatin remodeler DECREASE IN DNA METHYLATION 1 (DDM1) and two demethylases DEMETER-LIKE (DML) in Populus tremula × Populus alba lines, we examined how host DNA methylation modulates multiple parameters of the responses to root colonization with the mutualistic fungus Laccaria bicolor. We compared the ectomycorrhizas formed between transgenic and wild-type (WT) trees and analyzed their methylomes and transcriptomes. The poplar lines displaying lower mycorrhiza formation rate corresponded to hypomethylated overexpressing DML or RNAi-ddm1 lines. We found 86 genes and 288 transposable elements (TEs) differentially methylated between WT and hypomethylated lines (common to both OX-dml and RNAi-ddm1) and 120 genes/1441 TEs in the fungal genome suggesting a host-induced remodeling of the fungal methylome. Hypomethylated poplar lines displayed 205 differentially expressed genes (cis and trans effects) in common with 17 being differentially methylated (cis). Our findings suggest a central role of host and fungal DNA methylation in the ability to form ectomycorrhizas including not only poplar genes involved in root initiation, ethylene and jasmonate-mediated pathways, and immune response but also terpenoid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Vigneaud
- LBLGC, INRAE, Université d'Orleans, EA 1207 USC 1328, Orléans, 45067, France
| | - Annegret Kohler
- UMR 1136 Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes, Centre INRAE Grand Est-Nancy, INRAE, Université de Lorraine, Champenoux, 54280, France
| | - Mamadou Dia Sow
- LBLGC, INRAE, Université d'Orleans, EA 1207 USC 1328, Orléans, 45067, France
| | - Alain Delaunay
- LBLGC, INRAE, Université d'Orleans, EA 1207 USC 1328, Orléans, 45067, France
| | - Laure Fauchery
- UMR 1136 Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes, Centre INRAE Grand Est-Nancy, INRAE, Université de Lorraine, Champenoux, 54280, France
| | - Frederic Guinet
- UMR 1136 Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes, Centre INRAE Grand Est-Nancy, INRAE, Université de Lorraine, Champenoux, 54280, France
| | - Christian Daviaud
- Laboratory for Epigenetics and Environment Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, CEA-Institut de Biologie Francois Jacob, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, 91000, France
| | - Kerrie W Barry
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Keykhosrow Keymanesh
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jenifer Johnson
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Vasanth Singan
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Igor Grigoriev
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Régis Fichot
- LBLGC, INRAE, Université d'Orleans, EA 1207 USC 1328, Orléans, 45067, France
| | - Daniel Conde
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, 28223, Spain
| | - Mariano Perales
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, 28223, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Jörg Tost
- Laboratory for Epigenetics and Environment Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, CEA-Institut de Biologie Francois Jacob, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, 91000, France
| | - Francis M Martin
- UMR 1136 Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes, Centre INRAE Grand Est-Nancy, INRAE, Université de Lorraine, Champenoux, 54280, France
| | - Isabel Allona
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, 28223, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Steven H Strauss
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331-5752, USA
| | - Claire Veneault-Fourrey
- UMR 1136 Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes, Centre INRAE Grand Est-Nancy, INRAE, Université de Lorraine, Champenoux, 54280, France
| | - Stéphane Maury
- LBLGC, INRAE, Université d'Orleans, EA 1207 USC 1328, Orléans, 45067, France
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Sarkar AK, Sadhukhan S. Unearthing the alteration in plant volatiles induced by mycorrhizal fungi: A shield against plant pathogens. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13845. [PMID: 36546667 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plants produce a large range of structurally varied low molecular weight secondary metabolites, which evaporate, known as volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Several of them are emitted in response to biotic stress as a defensive measure against pathogen attacks. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMFs) can change the VOC pattern in parts of the plant and may promote plant defense via direct or indirect mechanisms. Mycorrhization of plants positively affects plant immunization along with growth and yield. The presence of AMF may raise the concentration of phenolic compounds and the activity of critical defense-related enzymes. AMF-induced changes in plant chemistry and associated volatile emissions lead to stronger immunity against pathogenic microorganisms. Despite substantial research into the origins of diversity in VOC-mediated plant communication, very little is known about the mechanism of influence of several AMFs on plant VOC emissions and modulation of plant immunization. Moreover, the molecular mechanism for VOC sensing in plants and mycorrhizal association is still unclear. In the present review, we have presented an up-to-date understanding of the cross-talk of AMF and VOC patterns in plants and the subsequent modulation of resistance against microbial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Kumar Sarkar
- Department of Botany, Dukhulal Nibaran Chandra College, Murshidabad, West Bengal, India
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Raiganj University, Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Sanjoy Sadhukhan
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Raiganj University, Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal, India
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Frattini A, Martínez‐Solís M, Llopis‐Giménez Á, Pozo MJ, Rivero J, Crava CM, Herrero S. Compatibility of mycorrhiza-induced resistance with viral and bacterial entomopathogens in the control of Spodoptera exigua in tomato. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:4388-4396. [PMID: 35767223 PMCID: PMC9543428 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are soil-borne microorganisms that establish mutualistic associations with roots of most terrestrial plants. This symbiosis results in nutritional and defensive benefits to the host plant, usually conferring protection against biotic stresses, but its indirect impact on third trophic levels is still unknown. In the present work, we explore whether the symbiosis of tomato plants with Funneliformis mosseae (and/or exposition to herbivory) influences the interaction of the generalist pest Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) with bacterial (Bacillus thuringiensis) and viral (baculovirus, SeMNPV) natural entomopathogens. RESULTS Symbiosis with AMF and previous herbivory reduces the relative growth of S. exigua, increases its susceptibility to a sublethal dose of B. thuringiensis and has positive or neutral impact on the lethality of SeMNPV. Reduction of the phenoloxidase activity, a marker of the insect immune response, was associated with the larval feeding on plant material previously exposed to herbivory but not to the AMF. In addition, no changes in the insect gut microbiota could be associated with the observed changes in larval growth and susceptibility to the entomopathogens. CONCLUSION Our findings provide the first evidence of compatibility of AMF symbiosis in tomato with the use of bacterial and viral entomopathogens, contributing to the development of novel approaches to combine the beneficial effect of AMF and entomopathogens in biological pest control. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Frattini
- Department of Genetics and University Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED)Universitat de ValènciaValenciaSpain
| | - María Martínez‐Solís
- Department of Genetics and University Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED)Universitat de ValènciaValenciaSpain
| | - Ángel Llopis‐Giménez
- Department of Genetics and University Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED)Universitat de ValènciaValenciaSpain
| | - María J. Pozo
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic SystemsEstación Experimental del Zaidín – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGranadaSpain
| | - Javier Rivero
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic SystemsEstación Experimental del Zaidín – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGranadaSpain
| | - Cristina M. Crava
- Department of Genetics and University Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED)Universitat de ValènciaValenciaSpain
| | - Salvador Herrero
- Department of Genetics and University Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED)Universitat de ValènciaValenciaSpain
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9
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Gao Y, Gao S, Bai Y, Meng W, Xu L. Parametarhizium hingganense, a Novel Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Species, Promotes the Growth of Mung Beans and Enhances Resistance to Disease Induced by Rhizoctonia solani. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8090934. [PMID: 36135659 PMCID: PMC9504979 DOI: 10.3390/jof8090934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mutualistic interactions between mycorrhizae and plants first occurred along with the terrestrialization of plants. The majority of vascular plants are in symbiosis with mycorrhizal fungi. Due to their importance to the economy and ecology, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi emerge as the most popular ones. However, the mechanism underlying the beneficial function of ECM fungi is not as clear as AM fungi. Here, the interaction between Parametarhizium hingganense, a novel fungal species isolated from forest litter, and mung bean (Vigna radiata) was studied. P. hingganense demonstrated P solubilization ability in vitro. Treatment of P. hingganense on the seeds resulted in promoted growth with enhanced P content. The hyphae of green fluorescence protein (GFP)-tagged P. hingganense were found to surround the roots and develop between cells, suggesting the establishment of an ectomycorrhizal symbiosis. Upon symbiosis with P. hingganense, the levels of jasmonic acid (JA) and gibberellin (GA1) and total phenolic and flavonoid content elevated. Meanwhile, damping off caused by Rhizoctonia solani in mycorrhizal plants was alleviated. Taken together, the above findings suggested that symbiosis with P. hingganense conferred growth promotion and priming of defense responses to host plants which should be associated with facilitated P uptake and increased JA and GA1 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gao
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Siyu Gao
- College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Yang Bai
- College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Wei Meng
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
- Correspondence: (W.M.); (L.X.)
| | - Lijian Xu
- College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
- Correspondence: (W.M.); (L.X.)
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10
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Tree mycorrhizal type mediates conspecific negative density dependence effects on seedling herbivory, growth, and survival. Oecologia 2022; 199:907-918. [PMID: 35920917 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05224-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Tree mycorrhizal type plays an important role in promoting plant species diversity and coexistence, via its mediating role in conspecific negative density dependence (CNDD), i.e., the process by which an individual's performance is impaired by the density of conspecific plants. Previous findings suggest that ectomycorrhizal (EM) tree species are generally less susceptible to CNDD than arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) tree species, due to the chemical and physical protection that EM fungi provide their host with. We examined how CNDD effects on leaf herbivory, seedling growth, and survival differ between AM and EM seedlings of ten tree species collected over 3 years in an old-growth temperate forest in northeastern China. We found that AM and EM seedlings differed in how conspecific density affected their leaf herbivory, seedling growth, and survival. Specifically, AM seedlings leaf herbivory rates significantly increased with increasing conspecific seedling and adult density, and their growth and survival rates decreased with increasing conspecific adult density, these patterns were, however, absent in EM seedlings. Our work suggests that AM seedlings have a performance disadvantage relative to EM seedlings related to the negative effects from conspecific neighbors. We highlight the importance of integrating information on seedling leaf herbivory, seedling growth, to provide further understanding on potential mechanisms driving differences in CNDD between AM and EM tree seedlings.
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11
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Traquete F, Luz J, Cordeiro C, Sousa Silva M, Ferreira AEN. Graph Properties of Mass-Difference Networks for Profiling and Discrimination in Untargeted Metabolomics. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:917911. [PMID: 35936789 PMCID: PMC9353772 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.917911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Untargeted metabolomics seeks to identify and quantify most metabolites in a biological system. In general, metabolomics results are represented by numerical matrices containing data that represent the intensities of the detected variables. These matrices are subsequently analyzed by methods that seek to extract significant biological information from the data. In mass spectrometry-based metabolomics, if mass is detected with sufficient accuracy, below 1 ppm, it is possible to derive mass-difference networks, which have spectral features as nodes and chemical changes as edges. These networks have previously been used as means to assist formula annotation and to rank the importance of chemical transformations. In this work, we propose a novel role for such networks in untargeted metabolomics data analysis: we demonstrate that their properties as graphs can also be used as signatures for metabolic profiling and class discrimination. For several benchmark examples, we computed six graph properties and we found that the degree profile was consistently the property that allowed for the best performance of several clustering and classification methods, reaching levels that are competitive with the performance using intensity data matrices and traditional pretreatment procedures. Furthermore, we propose two new metrics for the ranking of chemical transformations derived from network properties, which can be applied to sample comparison or clustering. These metrics illustrate how the graph properties of mass-difference networks can highlight the aspects of the information contained in data that are complementary to the information extracted from intensity-based data analysis.
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12
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Sillo F, Brunetti C, Marroni F, Vita F, Dos Santos Nascimento LB, Vizzini A, Mello A, Balestrini R. Systemic effects of Tuber melanosporum inoculation in two Corylus avellana genotypes. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:1463-1480. [PMID: 35137225 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Roots of the European hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.), i.e., one of the most economically important nut species, form symbiosis with ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi, including truffles. Although physical interactions only occur in roots, the presence of mycorrhizal fungi can lead to metabolic changes at a systemic level, i.e., in leaves. However, how root colonization by ECM fungi modifies these processes in the host plant has so far not been widely studied. This work aimed to investigate the response in two C. avellana genotypes, focusing on leaves from plants inoculated with the black truffle Tuber melanosporum Vittad. Transcriptomic profiles of leaves of colonized plants were compared with those of non-colonized plants, as well as sugar and polyphenolic content. Results suggested that T. melanosporum has the potential to support plants in stressed conditions, leading to the systemic regulation of several genes involved in signaling and defense responses. Although further confirmation is needed, our results open new perspectives for future research aimed to highlight novel aspects in ECM symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiano Sillo
- National Research Council - Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Strada della Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Cecilia Brunetti
- National Research Council - Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Firenze, Italy
| | - Fabio Marroni
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Federico Vita
- Department of Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Alfredo Vizzini
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, 10125 Torino, Italy
- National Research Council - Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Antonietta Mello
- National Research Council - Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Raffaella Balestrini
- National Research Council - Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Strada della Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy
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13
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Kasper K, Abreu IN, Feussner K, Zienkiewicz K, Herrfurth C, Ischebeck T, Janz D, Majcherczyk A, Schmitt K, Valerius O, Braus GH, Feussner I, Polle A. Multi-omics analysis of xylem sap uncovers dynamic modulation of poplar defenses by ammonium and nitrate. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 111:282-303. [PMID: 35535561 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Xylem sap is the major transport route for nutrients from roots to shoots. In the present study, we investigated how variations in nitrogen (N) nutrition affected the metabolome and proteome of xylem sap and the growth of the xylem endophyte Brennaria salicis, and we also report transcriptional re-wiring of leaf defenses in poplar (Populus × canescens). We supplied poplars with high, intermediate or low concentrations of ammonium or nitrate. We identified 288 unique proteins in xylem sap. Approximately 85% of the xylem sap proteins were shared among ammonium- and nitrate-supplied plants. The number of proteins increased with increasing N supply but the major functional categories (catabolic processes, cell wall-related enzymes, defense) were unaffected. Ammonium nutrition caused higher abundances of amino acids and carbohydrates, whereas nitrate caused higher malate levels in xylem sap. Pipecolic acid and N-hydroxy-pipecolic acid increased, whereas salicylic acid and jasmonoyl-isoleucine decreased, with increasing N nutrition. Untargeted metabolome analyses revealed 2179 features in xylem sap, of which 863 were differentially affected by N treatments. We identified 124 metabolites, mainly from specialized metabolism of the groups of salicinoids, phenylpropanoids, phenolics, flavonoids, and benzoates. Their abundances increased with decreasing N, except coumarins. Brennaria salicis growth was reduced in nutrient-supplemented xylem sap of low- and high- NO3- -fed plants compared to that of NH4+ -fed plants. The drastic changes in xylem sap composition caused massive changes in the transcriptional landscape of leaves and recruited defenses related to systemic acquired and induced systemic resistance. Our study uncovers unexpected complexity and variability of xylem composition with consequences for plant defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Kasper
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Ilka N Abreu
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Kirstin Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
- Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Zienkiewicz
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Cornelia Herrfurth
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
- Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Till Ischebeck
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Dennis Janz
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Andrzej Majcherczyk
- Molecular Wood Biotechnology and Technical Mycology, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schmitt
- Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Grisebachstrasse 8, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
- Service Unit for Proteomics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Grisebachstrasse 8, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Oliver Valerius
- Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Grisebachstrasse 8, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
- Service Unit for Proteomics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Grisebachstrasse 8, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Gerhard H Braus
- Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Grisebachstrasse 8, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
- Service Unit for Proteomics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Grisebachstrasse 8, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
- Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Andrea Polle
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 2, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
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14
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Sivaprakasam Padmanaban PB, Rosenkranz M, Zhu P, Kaling M, Schmidt A, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Polle A, Schnitzler JP. Mycorrhiza-Tree-Herbivore Interactions: Alterations in Poplar Metabolome and Volatilome. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12020093. [PMID: 35208168 PMCID: PMC8880370 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12020093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are continuously interacting with other organisms to optimize their performance in a changing environment. Mycorrhization is known to affect the plant growth and nutrient status, but it also can lead to adjusted plant defense and alter interactions with other trophic levels. Here, we studied the effect of Laccaria bicolor-mycorrhization on the poplar (Populus x canescens) metabolome and volatilome on trees with and without a poplar leaf beetle (Chrysomela populi) infestation. We analyzed the leaf and root metabolomes employing liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, and the leaf volatilome employing headspace sorptive extraction combined with gas-chromatography–mass spectrometry. Mycorrhization caused distinct metabolic adjustments in roots, young/infested leaves and old/not directly infested leaves. Mycorrhization adjusted the lipid composition, the abundance of peptides and, especially upon herbivory, the level of various phenolic compounds. The greatest change in leaf volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions occurred four to eight days following the beetle infestation. Together, these results prove that mycorrhization affects the whole plant metabolome and may influence poplar aboveground interactions. The herbivores and the mycorrhizal fungi interact with each other indirectly through a common host plant, a result that emphasizes the importance of community approach in chemical ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasath Balaji Sivaprakasam Padmanaban
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (P.B.S.P.); (P.Z.); (M.K.)
| | - Maaria Rosenkranz
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (P.B.S.P.); (P.Z.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (J.-P.S.); Tel.: +49-89-3187-4469 (M.R.); +49-89-3187-2413 (J.-P.S.)
| | - Peiyuan Zhu
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (P.B.S.P.); (P.Z.); (M.K.)
| | - Moritz Kaling
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (P.B.S.P.); (P.Z.); (M.K.)
| | - Anna Schmidt
- Department of Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; (A.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
- Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Andrea Polle
- Department of Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; (A.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Jörg-Peter Schnitzler
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (P.B.S.P.); (P.Z.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (J.-P.S.); Tel.: +49-89-3187-4469 (M.R.); +49-89-3187-2413 (J.-P.S.)
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15
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Response of Poplar Leaf Transcriptome to Changed Management and Environmental Conditions in Pure and Mixed with Black Locust Stands. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13020147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Mixed cropping in short rotation coppice can be an alternative to monocultures. To design optimized mixtures, field trials are needed. Poplar, as an economically important and fast-growing species, and black locust, as a nitrogen-fixing species, are promising candidates for such studies. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to monitor effects of mixed and pure cultivations on the gene expression of poplar along with growth measurements during 2017 and 2018. Both biomass production and leaf transcriptomes revealed a strong competition pressure of black locust and the abiotic environment on poplar trees. Gene expression differed between the two study sites and pure and mixed stands. Shading effects from black locust caused the downregulation of photosynthesis and upregulation of shade avoidance genes in mixed stands in 2017. As a result of higher light availability after cutting black locust, plant organ development genes were upregulated in mixed stands in 2018. Drought conditions during the summer of 2018 and competition for water between the two species caused the upregulation of drought stress response genes in mixed stands and at the unfavorable growing site. Further investigations are required to discover the mechanisms of interspecific competition and to develop stand designs, which could increase the success and productivity of mixed plantations.
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16
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Papantoniou D, Vergara F, Weinhold A, Quijano T, Khakimov B, Pattison DI, Bak S, van Dam NM, Martínez-Medina A. Cascading Effects of Root Microbial Symbiosis on the Development and Metabolome of the Insect Herbivore Manduca sexta L. Metabolites 2021; 11:731. [PMID: 34822389 PMCID: PMC8622251 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11110731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Root mutualistic microbes can modulate the production of plant secondary metabolites affecting plant-herbivore interactions. Still, the main mechanisms underlying the impact of root mutualists on herbivore performance remain ambiguous. In particular, little is known about how changes in the plant metabolome induced by root mutualists affect the insect metabolome and post-larval development. By using bioassays with tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum), we analyzed the impact of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis and the growth-promoting fungus Trichoderma harzianum on the plant interaction with the specialist insect herbivore Manduca sexta. We found that root colonization by the mutualistic microbes impaired insect development, including metamorphosis. By using untargeted metabolomics, we found that root colonization by the mutualistic microbes altered the secondary metabolism of tomato shoots, leading to enhanced levels of steroidal glycoalkaloids. Untargeted metabolomics further revealed that root colonization by the mutualists affected the metabolome of the herbivore, leading to an enhanced accumulation of steroidal glycoalkaloids and altered patterns of fatty acid amides and carnitine-derived metabolites. Our results indicate that the changes in the shoot metabolome triggered by root mutualistic microbes can cascade up altering the metabolome of the insects feeding on the colonized plants, thus affecting the insect development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Papantoniou
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (D.P.); (F.V.); (A.W.)
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich-Schiller Universität Jena, Dornburger Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Fredd Vergara
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (D.P.); (F.V.); (A.W.)
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich-Schiller Universität Jena, Dornburger Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander Weinhold
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (D.P.); (F.V.); (A.W.)
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich-Schiller Universität Jena, Dornburger Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Teresa Quijano
- Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Apartado Postal 4-116, Itzimná 97000, Mexico;
| | - Bekzod Khakimov
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark;
| | - David I. Pattison
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (D.I.P.); (S.B.)
| | - Søren Bak
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (D.I.P.); (S.B.)
| | - Nicole M. van Dam
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (D.P.); (F.V.); (A.W.)
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich-Schiller Universität Jena, Dornburger Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ainhoa Martínez-Medina
- Plant-Microorganism Interaction, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
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17
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Danczak RE, Goldman AE, Chu RK, Toyoda JG, Garayburu-Caruso VA, Tolić N, Graham EB, Morad JW, Renteria L, Wells JR, Herzog SP, Ward AS, Stegen JC. Ecological theory applied to environmental metabolomes reveals compositional divergence despite conserved molecular properties. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 788:147409. [PMID: 34022577 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Stream and river systems transport and process substantial amounts of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from terrestrial and aquatic sources to the ocean, with global biogeochemical implications. However, the underlying mechanisms affecting the spatiotemporal organization of DOM composition are under-investigated. To understand the principles governing DOM composition, we leverage the recently proposed synthesis of metacommunity ecology and metabolomics, termed 'meta-metabolome ecology.' Applying this novel approach to a freshwater ecosystem, we demonstrated that despite similar molecular properties across metabolomes, metabolite identity significantly diverged due to environmental filtering and variations in putative biochemical transformations. We refer to this phenomenon as 'thermodynamic redundancy,' which is analogous to the ecological concept of functional redundancy. We suggest that under thermodynamic redundancy, divergent metabolomes can support equivalent biogeochemical function just as divergent ecological communities can support equivalent ecosystem function. As these analyses are performed in additional ecosystems, potentially generalizable concepts, like thermodynamic redundancy, can be revealed and provide insight into DOM dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy E Goldman
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Washington, USA
| | - Rosalie K Chu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Washington, USA
| | - Jason G Toyoda
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Washington, USA
| | | | - Nikola Tolić
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Washington, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jacqueline R Wells
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Washington, USA; Oregon State University, Oregon, USA
| | - Skuyler P Herzog
- O'Neil School of Public Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Indiana, USA
| | - Adam S Ward
- O'Neil School of Public Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Indiana, USA
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18
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Sardans J, Gargallo‐Garriga A, Urban O, Klem K, Holub P, Janssens IA, Walker TWN, Pesqueda A, Peñuelas J. Ecometabolomics of plant–herbivore and plant–fungi interactions: a synthesis study. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Sardans
- CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF‐CSIC‐UAB Bellaterra Catalonia 08193 Spain
- CREAF Cerdanyola del Valles Catalonia 08193 Spain
- Global Change Research Institute Czech Academy of Sciences Bělidla 986/4a Brno CZ‐60300 Czech Republic
| | - Albert Gargallo‐Garriga
- CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF‐CSIC‐UAB Bellaterra Catalonia 08193 Spain
- CREAF Cerdanyola del Valles Catalonia 08193 Spain
- Global Change Research Institute Czech Academy of Sciences Bělidla 986/4a Brno CZ‐60300 Czech Republic
| | - Otmar Urban
- Global Change Research Institute Czech Academy of Sciences Bělidla 986/4a Brno CZ‐60300 Czech Republic
| | - Karel Klem
- Global Change Research Institute Czech Academy of Sciences Bělidla 986/4a Brno CZ‐60300 Czech Republic
| | - Petr Holub
- Global Change Research Institute Czech Academy of Sciences Bělidla 986/4a Brno CZ‐60300 Czech Republic
| | - Ivan A. Janssens
- Department of Biology University of Antwerp Wilrijk 2610 Belgium
| | - Tom W. N. Walker
- Department of Environmental Systems Science Institute of Integrative Biology ETH Zürich Zurich 8092 Switzerland
| | - Argus Pesqueda
- CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF‐CSIC‐UAB Bellaterra Catalonia 08193 Spain
- CREAF Cerdanyola del Valles Catalonia 08193 Spain
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF‐CSIC‐UAB Bellaterra Catalonia 08193 Spain
- CREAF Cerdanyola del Valles Catalonia 08193 Spain
- Global Change Research Institute Czech Academy of Sciences Bělidla 986/4a Brno CZ‐60300 Czech Republic
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19
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Ferlian O, Lintzel EM, Bruelheide H, Guerra CA, Heklau H, Jurburg S, Kühn P, Martinez-Medina A, Unsicker SB, Eisenhauer N, Schädler M. Nutrient status not secondary metabolites drives herbivory and pathogen infestation across differently mycorrhized tree monocultures and mixtures. Basic Appl Ecol 2021; 55:110-123. [PMID: 34493930 PMCID: PMC7611625 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Research on tree diversity and antagonists often neglects plant complementarity. We studied species richness/mycorrhizal type effects on leaf herbivory/pathogens. Mycorrhizal type had different effects on herbivory and pathogen infestation. Elemental not metabolite concentrations determined leaf damage.ld.
Research aimed at understanding the mechanisms underlying the relationship between tree diversity and antagonist infestation is often neglecting resource-use complementarity among plant species. We investigated the effects of tree species identity, species richness, and mycorrhizal type on leaf herbivory and pathogen infestation. We used a tree sapling experiment manipulating the two most common mycorrhizal types, arbuscular mycorrhiza and ectomycorrhiza, via respective tree species in monocultures and two-species mixtures. We visually assessed leaf herbivory and pathogen infestation rates, and measured concentrations of a suite of plant metabolites (amino acids, sugars, and phenolics), leaf elemental concentrations (carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus), and tree biomass. Tree species and mycorrhizal richness had no significant effect on herbivory and pathogen infestation, whereas species identity and mycorrhizal type had. Damage rates were higher in arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) than in ectomycorrhizal (EM) trees. Our structural equation model (SEM) indicated that elemental, but not metabolite concentrations, determined herbivory and pathogen infestation, suggesting that the investigated chemical defence strategies may not have been involved in the effects found in our study with tree saplings. Other chemical and physical defence strategies as well as species identity as its determinant may have played a more crucial role in the studied saplings. Furthermore, the SEM indicated a direct positive effect of AM trees on herbivory rates, suggesting that other dominant mechanisms, not considered here, were involved as well. We found differences in the attribution of elemental concentrations between the two rates. This points to the fact that herbivory and pathogen infestation are driven by distinct mechanisms. Our study highlights the importance of biotic contexts for understanding the mechanisms underlying the effects of biodiversity on tree-antagonist interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Ferlian
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Esther-Marie Lintzel
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Carlos A Guerra
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Heike Heklau
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Stephanie Jurburg
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Paul Kühn
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ainhoa Martinez-Medina
- Plant-Microorganism Interaction Unit, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC), Calle Cordel de Merinas, 40, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sybille B Unsicker
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Schädler
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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20
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Contreras-Cornejo HA, Macías-Rodríguez L, Real-Santillán RO, López-Carmona D, García-Gómez G, Galicia-Gallardo AP, Alfaro-Cuevas R, González-Esquivel CE, Najera-Rincón MB, Adame-Garnica SG, Rebollar-Alviter A, Álvarez-Navarrete M, Larsen J. In a belowground multitrophic interaction, Trichoderma harzianum induces maize root herbivore tolerance against Phyllophaga vetula. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:3952-3963. [PMID: 33851514 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trichoderma spp. are soil fungi that interact with plant roots and associated biota such as other microorganisms and soil fauna. However, information about their interactions with root-feeding insects is limited. Here, interactions between Trichoderma harzianum and the root-feeding insect Phyllophaga vetula, a common insect pest in maize agroecosystems, were examined. RESULTS Applications of T. harzianum and P. vetula to the root system increased and decreased maize growth, respectively. Induced tolerance against herbivore attack was provided by T. harzianum maintaining a robust and functional root system as evidenced by the increased uptake of Cu, Ca, Mg, Na and K. Herbivore tolerance also coincided with changes in the emission of root volatile terpenes known to induce indirect defense responses and attract natural enemies of the herbivore. More importantly, T. harzianum induced de novo emission of several sesquiterpenes such as β-caryophyllene and δ-cadinene. In addition, single and combined applications of T. harzianum and P. vetula altered the sucrose content of the roots. Finally, T. harzianum produced 6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one (6-PP) a volatile compound that may act as an antifeedant-signaling compound mitigating root herbivory by P. vetula. CONCLUSION Our results provide novel information about belowground multitrophic plant-microbe-arthropod interactions between T. harzianum and P. vetula in the maize rhizosphere resulting in alterations in maize phenotypic plant responses, inducing root herbivore tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hexon Angel Contreras-Cornejo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Morelia, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Macías-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Raúl Omar Real-Santillán
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Morelia, Mexico
| | - Dante López-Carmona
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Morelia, Mexico
| | - Griselda García-Gómez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Ana Paola Galicia-Gallardo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Morelia, Mexico
| | - Ruth Alfaro-Cuevas
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Carlos E González-Esquivel
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Morelia, Mexico
| | - Miguel Bernardo Najera-Rincón
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarías, Campo Experimental Uruapan, Uruapan, Mexico
| | - Sandra Goretti Adame-Garnica
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Angel Rebollar-Alviter
- Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Centro Regional Universitario Centro Occidente, Morelia, Mexico
| | | | - John Larsen
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Morelia, Mexico
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21
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Laber S, Forcisi S, Bentley L, Petzold J, Moritz F, Smirnov KS, Al Sadat L, Williamson I, Strobel S, Agnew T, Sengupta S, Nicol T, Grallert H, Heier M, Honecker J, Mianne J, Teboul L, Dumbell R, Long H, Simon M, Lindgren C, Bickmore WA, Hauner H, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Claussnitzer M, Cox RD. Linking the FTO obesity rs1421085 variant circuitry to cellular, metabolic, and organismal phenotypes in vivo. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabg0108. [PMID: 34290091 PMCID: PMC8294759 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Variants in FTO have the strongest association with obesity; however, it is still unclear how those noncoding variants mechanistically affect whole-body physiology. We engineered a deletion of the rs1421085 conserved cis-regulatory module (CRM) in mice and confirmed in vivo that the CRM modulates Irx3 and Irx5 gene expression and mitochondrial function in adipocytes. The CRM affects molecular and cellular phenotypes in an adipose depot-dependent manner and affects organismal phenotypes that are relevant for obesity, including decreased high-fat diet-induced weight gain, decreased whole-body fat mass, and decreased skin fat thickness. Last, we connected the CRM to a genetically determined effect on steroid patterns in males that was dependent on nutritional challenge and conserved across mice and humans. Together, our data establish cross-species conservation of the rs1421085 regulatory circuitry at the molecular, cellular, metabolic, and organismal level, revealing previously unknown contextual dependence of the variant's action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Laber
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK.
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sara Forcisi
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Liz Bentley
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Julia Petzold
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Franco Moritz
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kirill S Smirnov
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Loubna Al Sadat
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Else Kröner-Fresenius-Centre for Nutritional Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Iain Williamson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sophie Strobel
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Agnew
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Shahana Sengupta
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Tom Nicol
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Harald Grallert
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Germany
| | - Margit Heier
- KORA Study Center Augsburg, University Hospital of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Julius Honecker
- Else Kröner-Fresenius-Centre for Nutritional Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Joffrey Mianne
- Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell Institute, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Lydia Teboul
- Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell Institute, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Rebecca Dumbell
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Helen Long
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Michelle Simon
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Cecilia Lindgren
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Wendy A Bickmore
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Hans Hauner
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Else Kröner-Fresenius-Centre for Nutritional Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Analytical Food Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Melina Claussnitzer
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roger D Cox
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK.
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22
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Rivero J, Lidoy J, Llopis-Giménez Á, Herrero S, Flors V, Pozo MJ. Mycorrhizal symbiosis primes the accumulation of antiherbivore compounds and enhances herbivore mortality in tomato. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:5038-5050. [PMID: 33884424 PMCID: PMC8219033 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant association with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can increase their ability to overcome multiple stresses, but their impact on plant interactions with herbivorous insects is controversial. Here we show higher mortality of the leaf-chewer Spodoptera exigua when fed on tomato plants colonized by the AMF Funneliformis mosseae, evidencing mycorrhiza-induced resistance. In search of the underlying mechanisms, an untargeted metabolomic analysis through ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) was performed. The results showed that mycorrhizal symbiosis had a very limited impact on the leaf metabolome in the absence of stress, but significantly modulated the response to herbivory in the damaged area. A cluster of over accumulated metabolites was identified in those leaflets damaged by S. exigua feeding in mycorrhizal plants, while unwounded distal leaflets responded similar to those from non-mycorrhizal plants. These primed-compounds were mostly related to alkaloids, fatty acid derivatives and phenylpropanoid-polyamine conjugates. The deleterious effect on larval survival of some of these compounds, including the alkaloid physostigmine, the fatty acid derivatives 4-oxododecanedioic acid and azelaic acid, was confirmed. Thus, our results evidence the impact of AMF on metabolic reprograming upon herbivory that leads to a primed accumulation of defensive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Rivero
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Javier Lidoy
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Ángel Llopis-Giménez
- Department of Genetics and Institut Universitari en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Salvador Herrero
- Department of Genetics and Institut Universitari en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Víctor Flors
- Metabolic Integration and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Plant Physiology Section, Unidad Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZ-CSIC)-Department of Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
| | - María J Pozo
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
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23
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Mu X, Li J, Dai Z, Xu L, Fan T, Jing T, Chen M, Gou M. Commonly and Specifically Activated Defense Responses in Maize Disease Lesion Mimic Mutants Revealed by Integrated Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:638792. [PMID: 34079566 PMCID: PMC8165315 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.638792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Disease lesion mimic (Les/les) mutants display disease-like spontaneous lesions in the absence of pathogen infection, implying the constitutive activation of defense responses. However, the genetic and biochemical bases underlying the activated defense responses in those mutants remain largely unknown. Here, we performed integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis on three typical maize Les mutants Les4, Les10, and Les17 with large, medium, and small lesion size, respectively, thereby dissecting the activated defense responses at the transcriptional and metabolomic level. A total of 1,714, 4,887, and 1,625 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in Les4, Les10, and Les17, respectively. Among them, 570, 3,299, and 447 specific differentially expressed genes (SGs) were identified, implying a specific function of each LES gene. In addition, 480 common differentially expressed genes (CGs) and 42 common differentially accumulated metabolites (CMs) were identified in all Les mutants, suggesting the robust activation of shared signaling pathways. Intriguingly, substantial analysis of the CGs indicated that genes involved in the programmed cell death, defense responses, and phenylpropanoid and terpenoid biosynthesis were most commonly activated. Genes involved in photosynthetic biosynthesis, however, were generally repressed. Consistently, the dominant CMs identified were phenylpropanoids and flavonoids. In particular, lignin, the phenylpropanoid-based polymer, was significantly increased in all three mutants. These data collectively imply that transcriptional activation of defense-related gene expression; increase of phenylpropanoid, lignin, flavonoid, and terpenoid biosynthesis; and inhibition of photosynthesis are generalnatures associated with the lesion formation and constitutively activated defense responses in those mutants. Further studies on the identified SGs and CGs will shed new light on the function of each LES gene as well as the regulatory network of defense responses in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mingyue Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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24
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Pozo MJ, Zabalgogeazcoa I, Vazquez de Aldana BR, Martinez-Medina A. Untapping the potential of plant mycobiomes for applications in agriculture. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 60:102034. [PMID: 33827007 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant-fungal interactions are widespread in nature, and their multiple benefits for plant growth and health have been amply demonstrated. Endophytic and epiphytic fungi can significantly increase plant resilience, improving plant nutrition, stress tolerance and defence. Although some of these interactions have been known for decades, the relevance of the plant mycobiome within the plant microbiome has been largely underestimated. Our limited knowledge of fungal biology and their interactions with plants in the broader phytobiome context has hampered the development of optimal biotechnological applications in agrosystems and natural ecosystems. Exciting recent technical and knowledge advances in the context of molecular and systems biology open a plethora of opportunities for developing this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Pozo
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Granada, Spain.
| | - Iñigo Zabalgogeazcoa
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca, IRNASA-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Beatriz R Vazquez de Aldana
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca, IRNASA-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Martinez-Medina
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca, IRNASA-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
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25
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Garayburu-Caruso VA, Danczak RE, Stegen JC, Renteria L, Mccall M, Goldman AE, Chu RK, Toyoda J, Resch CT, Torgeson JM, Wells J, Fansler S, Kumar S, Graham EB. Using Community Science to Reveal the Global Chemogeography of River Metabolomes. Metabolites 2020; 10:518. [PMID: 33419380 PMCID: PMC7767024 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10120518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
River corridor metabolomes reflect organic matter (OM) processing that drives aquatic biogeochemical cycles. Recent work highlights the power of ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry for understanding metabolome composition and river corridor metabolism. However, there have been no studies on the global chemogeography of surface water and sediment metabolomes using ultrahigh-resolution techniques. Here, we describe a community science effort from the Worldwide Hydrobiogeochemistry Observation Network for Dynamic River Systems (WHONDRS) consortium to characterize global metabolomes in surface water and sediment that span multiple stream orders and biomes. We describe the distribution of key aspects of metabolomes including elemental groups, chemical classes, indices, and inferred biochemical transformations. We show that metabolomes significantly differ across surface water and sediment and that surface water metabolomes are more rich and variable. We also use inferred biochemical transformations to identify core metabolic processes shared among surface water and sediment. Finally, we observe significant spatial variation in sediment metabolites between rivers in the eastern and western portions of the contiguous United States. Our work not only provides a basis for understanding global patterns in river corridor biogeochemical cycles but also demonstrates that community science endeavors can enable global research projects that are unfeasible with traditional research models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa A. Garayburu-Caruso
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA; (V.A.G.-C.); (R.E.D.); (J.C.S.); (L.R.); (M.M.); (A.E.G.); (C.T.R.); (J.M.T.); (S.F.); (S.K.)
| | - Robert E. Danczak
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA; (V.A.G.-C.); (R.E.D.); (J.C.S.); (L.R.); (M.M.); (A.E.G.); (C.T.R.); (J.M.T.); (S.F.); (S.K.)
| | - James C. Stegen
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA; (V.A.G.-C.); (R.E.D.); (J.C.S.); (L.R.); (M.M.); (A.E.G.); (C.T.R.); (J.M.T.); (S.F.); (S.K.)
| | - Lupita Renteria
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA; (V.A.G.-C.); (R.E.D.); (J.C.S.); (L.R.); (M.M.); (A.E.G.); (C.T.R.); (J.M.T.); (S.F.); (S.K.)
| | - Marcy Mccall
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA; (V.A.G.-C.); (R.E.D.); (J.C.S.); (L.R.); (M.M.); (A.E.G.); (C.T.R.); (J.M.T.); (S.F.); (S.K.)
| | - Amy E. Goldman
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA; (V.A.G.-C.); (R.E.D.); (J.C.S.); (L.R.); (M.M.); (A.E.G.); (C.T.R.); (J.M.T.); (S.F.); (S.K.)
| | - Rosalie K. Chu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA; (R.K.C.); (J.T.)
| | - Jason Toyoda
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA; (R.K.C.); (J.T.)
| | - Charles T. Resch
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA; (V.A.G.-C.); (R.E.D.); (J.C.S.); (L.R.); (M.M.); (A.E.G.); (C.T.R.); (J.M.T.); (S.F.); (S.K.)
| | - Joshua M. Torgeson
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA; (V.A.G.-C.); (R.E.D.); (J.C.S.); (L.R.); (M.M.); (A.E.G.); (C.T.R.); (J.M.T.); (S.F.); (S.K.)
| | - Jacqueline Wells
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - Sarah Fansler
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA; (V.A.G.-C.); (R.E.D.); (J.C.S.); (L.R.); (M.M.); (A.E.G.); (C.T.R.); (J.M.T.); (S.F.); (S.K.)
| | - Swatantar Kumar
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA; (V.A.G.-C.); (R.E.D.); (J.C.S.); (L.R.); (M.M.); (A.E.G.); (C.T.R.); (J.M.T.); (S.F.); (S.K.)
| | - Emily B. Graham
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA; (V.A.G.-C.); (R.E.D.); (J.C.S.); (L.R.); (M.M.); (A.E.G.); (C.T.R.); (J.M.T.); (S.F.); (S.K.)
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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Dreischhoff S, Das IS, Jakobi M, Kasper K, Polle A. Local Responses and Systemic Induced Resistance Mediated by Ectomycorrhizal Fungi. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:590063. [PMID: 33381131 PMCID: PMC7767828 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.590063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) grow as saprotrophs in soil and interact with plants, forming mutualistic associations with roots of many economically and ecologically important forest tree genera. EMF ensheath the root tips and produce an extensive extramatrical mycelium for nutrient uptake from the soil. In contrast to other mycorrhizal fungal symbioses, EMF do not invade plant cells but form an interface for nutrient exchange adjacent to the cortex cells. The interaction of roots and EMF affects host stress resistance but uncovering the underlying molecular mechanisms is an emerging topic. Here, we focused on local and systemic effects of EMF modulating defenses against insects or pathogens in aboveground tissues in comparison with arbuscular mycorrhizal induced systemic resistance. Molecular studies indicate a role of chitin in defense activation by EMF in local tissues and an immune response that is induced by yet unknown signals in aboveground tissues. Volatile organic compounds may be involved in long-distance communication between below- and aboveground tissues, in addition to metabolite signals in the xylem or phloem. In leaves of EMF-colonized plants, jasmonate signaling is involved in transcriptional re-wiring, leading to metabolic shifts in the secondary and nitrogen-based defense metabolism but cross talk with salicylate-related signaling is likely. Ectomycorrhizal-induced plant immunity shares commonalities with systemic acquired resistance and induced systemic resistance. We highlight novel developments and provide a guide to future research directions in EMF-induced resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Andrea Polle
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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27
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Daguerre Y, Basso V, Hartmann-Wittulski S, Schellenberger R, Meyer L, Bailly J, Kohler A, Plett JM, Martin F, Veneault-Fourrey C. The mutualism effector MiSSP7 of Laccaria bicolor alters the interactions between the poplar JAZ6 protein and its associated proteins. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20362. [PMID: 33230111 PMCID: PMC7683724 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76832-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the pivotal role of jasmonic acid in the outcome of plant-microorganism interactions, JA-signaling components in roots of perennial trees like western balsam poplar (Populus trichocarpa) are poorly characterized. Here we decipher the poplar-root JA-perception complex centered on PtJAZ6, a co-repressor of JA-signaling targeted by the effector protein MiSSP7 from the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Laccaria bicolor during symbiotic development. Through protein-protein interaction studies in yeast we determined the poplar root proteins interacting with PtJAZ6. Moreover, we assessed via yeast triple-hybrid how the mutualistic effector MiSSP7 reshapes the association between PtJAZ6 and its partner proteins. In the absence of the symbiotic effector, PtJAZ6 interacts with the transcription factors PtMYC2s and PtJAM1.1. In addition, PtJAZ6 interacts with it-self and with other Populus JAZ proteins. Finally, MiSSP7 strengthens the binding of PtJAZ6 to PtMYC2.1 and antagonizes PtJAZ6 homo-/heterodimerization. We conclude that a symbiotic effector secreted by a mutualistic fungus may promote the symbiotic interaction through altered dynamics of a JA-signaling-associated protein-protein interaction network, maintaining the repression of PtMYC2.1-regulated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohann Daguerre
- UMR 1136, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes (IAM), Centre INRAE de Nancy, Université de Lorraine/INRAE, Champenoux, France
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Veronica Basso
- UMR 1136, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes (IAM), Centre INRAE de Nancy, Université de Lorraine/INRAE, Champenoux, France
| | - Sebastian Hartmann-Wittulski
- UMR 1136, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes (IAM), Centre INRAE de Nancy, Université de Lorraine/INRAE, Champenoux, France
| | - Romain Schellenberger
- UMR 1136, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes (IAM), Centre INRAE de Nancy, Université de Lorraine/INRAE, Champenoux, France
| | - Laura Meyer
- UMR 1136, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes (IAM), Centre INRAE de Nancy, Université de Lorraine/INRAE, Champenoux, France
| | - Justine Bailly
- UMR 1136, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes (IAM), Centre INRAE de Nancy, Université de Lorraine/INRAE, Champenoux, France
| | - Annegret Kohler
- UMR 1136, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes (IAM), Centre INRAE de Nancy, Université de Lorraine/INRAE, Champenoux, France
| | - Jonathan M Plett
- UMR 1136, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes (IAM), Centre INRAE de Nancy, Université de Lorraine/INRAE, Champenoux, France
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Francis Martin
- UMR 1136, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes (IAM), Centre INRAE de Nancy, Université de Lorraine/INRAE, Champenoux, France
| | - Claire Veneault-Fourrey
- UMR 1136, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes (IAM), Centre INRAE de Nancy, Université de Lorraine/INRAE, Champenoux, France.
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28
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Daguerre Y, Basso V, Hartmann-Wittulski S, Schellenberger R, Meyer L, Bailly J, Kohler A, Plett JM, Martin F, Veneault-Fourrey C. The mutualism effector MiSSP7 of Laccaria bicolor alters the interactions between the poplar JAZ6 protein and its associated proteins. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20362. [PMID: 33230111 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76832-76836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the pivotal role of jasmonic acid in the outcome of plant-microorganism interactions, JA-signaling components in roots of perennial trees like western balsam poplar (Populus trichocarpa) are poorly characterized. Here we decipher the poplar-root JA-perception complex centered on PtJAZ6, a co-repressor of JA-signaling targeted by the effector protein MiSSP7 from the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Laccaria bicolor during symbiotic development. Through protein-protein interaction studies in yeast we determined the poplar root proteins interacting with PtJAZ6. Moreover, we assessed via yeast triple-hybrid how the mutualistic effector MiSSP7 reshapes the association between PtJAZ6 and its partner proteins. In the absence of the symbiotic effector, PtJAZ6 interacts with the transcription factors PtMYC2s and PtJAM1.1. In addition, PtJAZ6 interacts with it-self and with other Populus JAZ proteins. Finally, MiSSP7 strengthens the binding of PtJAZ6 to PtMYC2.1 and antagonizes PtJAZ6 homo-/heterodimerization. We conclude that a symbiotic effector secreted by a mutualistic fungus may promote the symbiotic interaction through altered dynamics of a JA-signaling-associated protein-protein interaction network, maintaining the repression of PtMYC2.1-regulated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohann Daguerre
- UMR 1136, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes (IAM), Centre INRAE de Nancy, Université de Lorraine/INRAE, Champenoux, France
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Veronica Basso
- UMR 1136, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes (IAM), Centre INRAE de Nancy, Université de Lorraine/INRAE, Champenoux, France
| | - Sebastian Hartmann-Wittulski
- UMR 1136, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes (IAM), Centre INRAE de Nancy, Université de Lorraine/INRAE, Champenoux, France
| | - Romain Schellenberger
- UMR 1136, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes (IAM), Centre INRAE de Nancy, Université de Lorraine/INRAE, Champenoux, France
| | - Laura Meyer
- UMR 1136, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes (IAM), Centre INRAE de Nancy, Université de Lorraine/INRAE, Champenoux, France
| | - Justine Bailly
- UMR 1136, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes (IAM), Centre INRAE de Nancy, Université de Lorraine/INRAE, Champenoux, France
| | - Annegret Kohler
- UMR 1136, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes (IAM), Centre INRAE de Nancy, Université de Lorraine/INRAE, Champenoux, France
| | - Jonathan M Plett
- UMR 1136, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes (IAM), Centre INRAE de Nancy, Université de Lorraine/INRAE, Champenoux, France
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Francis Martin
- UMR 1136, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes (IAM), Centre INRAE de Nancy, Université de Lorraine/INRAE, Champenoux, France
| | - Claire Veneault-Fourrey
- UMR 1136, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes (IAM), Centre INRAE de Nancy, Université de Lorraine/INRAE, Champenoux, France.
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29
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Vishwanathan K, Zienkiewicz K, Liu Y, Janz D, Feussner I, Polle A, Haney CH. Ectomycorrhizal fungi induce systemic resistance against insects on a nonmycorrhizal plant in a CERK1-dependent manner. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 228:728-740. [PMID: 32473606 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Below-ground microbes can induce systemic resistance against foliar pests and pathogens on diverse plant hosts. The prevalence of induced systemic resistance (ISR) among plant-microbe-pest systems raises the question of host specificity in microbial induction of ISR. To test whether ISR is limited by plant host range, we tested the ISR-inducing ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria bicolor on the nonmycorrhizal plant Arabidopsis thaliana. We used the cabbage looper Trichoplusia ni and bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pto) as readouts for ISR on Arabidopsis. We found that root inoculation with L. bicolor triggered ISR against T. ni and induced systemic susceptibility (ISS) against the bacterial pathogen Pto. We found that L. bicolor-triggered ISR against T. ni was dependent on jasmonic acid signaling and salicylic acid biosynthesis and signaling. Heat-killed L. bicolor and chitin were sufficient to trigger ISR against T. ni and ISS against Pto. The chitin receptor CERK1 was necessary for L. bicolor-mediated effects on systemic immunity. Collectively our findings suggest that some ISR responses might not require intimate symbiotic association, but rather might be the result of root perception of conserved microbial signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishore Vishwanathan
- Department of Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Buesgen-Institute and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
- Michael Smith Laboratories, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Krzysztof Zienkiewicz
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Dennis Janz
- Department of Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Buesgen-Institute and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
- Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Andrea Polle
- Department of Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Buesgen-Institute and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Cara H Haney
- Michael Smith Laboratories, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
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Sanmartín N, Sánchez-Bel P, Pastor V, Pastor-Fernández J, Mateu D, Pozo MJ, Cerezo M, Flors V. Root-to-shoot signalling in mycorrhizal tomato plants upon Botrytis cinerea infection. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 298:110595. [PMID: 32771152 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis is restricted in roots, but it also improves shoot responses against leaf challenges, a phenomenon known as Mycorrhiza-Induced Resistance (MIR). This study focuses on mycorrhizal root signals that may orchestrate shoot defence responses. Metabolomic analysis of non-mycorrhizal and mycorrhizal plants upon Botrytis cinerea infection showed that roots rearrange their metabolome mostly in response to the symbiosis, whereas in shoots a stronger impact of the infection is observed. Specific clusters of compounds in shoots and roots display a priming profile suggesting an implication in the enhanced resistance observed in mycorrhizal plants. Among the primed pathways in roots, lignans showed the highest number of hits followed by oxocarboxylic acids, compounds of the amino acid metabolism, and phytohormones. The lignan yatein was present at higher concentrations in roots, root efflux and leaves of mycorrhizal plants This lignan displayed in vitro antimicrobial activity against B. cinerea and it was also functional protecting tomato plants. Besides, several JA defence-related genes were upregulated in mycorrhizal roots regardless of the pathogen infection, whereas PIN-II was primed in roots of mycorrhizal infected plants. These observations suggest that the enhanced resistance in shoots during MIR may be coordinated by lignans and oxylipins with the participation of roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Sanmartín
- Metabolic Integration and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Plant Physiology Section, Unidad Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZ-CSIC), Department of Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
| | - Paloma Sánchez-Bel
- Metabolic Integration and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Plant Physiology Section, Unidad Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZ-CSIC), Department of Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
| | - Victoria Pastor
- Metabolic Integration and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Plant Physiology Section, Unidad Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZ-CSIC), Department of Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
| | - Julia Pastor-Fernández
- Metabolic Integration and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Plant Physiology Section, Unidad Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZ-CSIC), Department of Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
| | - Diego Mateu
- Metabolic Integration and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Plant Physiology Section, Unidad Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZ-CSIC), Department of Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
| | - María José Pozo
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Cerezo
- Metabolic Integration and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Plant Physiology Section, Unidad Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZ-CSIC), Department of Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
| | - Víctor Flors
- Metabolic Integration and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Plant Physiology Section, Unidad Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZ-CSIC), Department of Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain.
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31
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Bouffaud ML, Herrmann S, Tarkka MT, Bönn M, Feldhahn L, Buscot F. Oak displays common local but specific distant gene regulation responses to different mycorrhizal fungi. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:399. [PMID: 32532205 PMCID: PMC7291512 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-06806-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associations of tree roots with diverse symbiotic mycorrhizal fungi have distinct effects on whole plant functioning. An untested explanation might be that such effect variability is associated with distinct impacts of different fungi on gene expression in local and distant plant organs. Using a large scale transcriptome sequencing approach, we compared the impact of three ectomycorrhizal (EMF) and one orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF) on gene regulation in colonized roots (local), non-colonized roots (short distance) and leaves (long distance) of the Quercus robur clone DF159 with reference to the recently published oak genome. Since different mycorrhizal fungi form symbiosis in a different time span and variable extents of apposition structure development, we sampled inoculated but non-mycorrhizal plants, for which however markedly symbiotic effects have been reported. Local root colonization by the fungi was assessed by fungal transcript analysis. RESULTS The EMF induced marked and species specific effects on plant development in the analysed association stage, but the OMF did not. At local level, a common set of plant differentially expressed genes (DEG) was identified with similar patterns of responses to the three EMF, but not to the OMF. Most of these core DEG were down-regulated and correspond to already described but also new functions related to establishment of EMF symbiosis. Analysis of the fungal transcripts of two EMF in highly colonized roots also revealed onset of a symbiosis establishment. In contrast, in the OMF, the DEG were mainly related to plant defence. Already at short distances, high specificities in transcriptomic responses to the four fungi were detected, which were further enhanced at long distance in leaves, where almost no common DEG were found between the treatments. Notably, no correlation between phylogeny of the EMF and gene expression patterns was observed. CONCLUSIONS Use of clonal oaks allowed us to identify a core transcriptional program in roots colonized by three different EMF, supporting the existence of a common EMF symbiotic pathway. Conversely, the specific responses in non-colonized organs were more closely related to the specific impacts of the different of EMF on plant performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Lara Bouffaud
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, D-06120, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Sylvie Herrmann
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany.
- Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, D-06120, Halle/Saale, Germany.
| | - Mika T Tarkka
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, D-06120, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Markus Bönn
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, D-06120, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Lasse Feldhahn
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, D-06120, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - François Buscot
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, D-06120, Halle/Saale, Germany
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Müller C, Bräutigam A, Eilers E, Junker R, Schnitzler JP, Steppuhn A, Unsicker S, van Dam N, Weisser W, Wittmann M. Ecology and Evolution of Intraspecific Chemodiversity of Plants. RESEARCH IDEAS AND OUTCOMES 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/rio.6.e49810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
An extraordinarily high intraspecific chemical diversity, i.e. chemodiversity, has been found in several plant species, of which some are of major ecological or economic relevance. Moreover, even within an individual plant there is substantial chemodiversity among tissues and across seasons. This chemodiversity likely has pronounced ecological effects on plant mutualists and antagonists, associated foodwebs and, ultimately, biodiversity. Surprisingly, studies on interactions between plants and their herbivores or pollinators often neglect plant chemistry as a level of diversity and phenotypic variation. The main aim of this Research Unit (RU) is to understand the emergence and maintenance of intraspecific chemodiversity in plants. We address the following central questions:
1) How does plant chemodiversity vary across levels, i.e., within individuals, among individuals within populations, and among populations?
2) What are the ecological consequences of intraspecific plant chemodiversity?
3) How is plant chemodiversity genetically determined and maintained?
By combining field and laboratory studies with metabolomics, transcriptomics, genetic tools, statistical data analysis and modelling, we aim to understand causes and consequences of plant chemodiversity and elucidate its impacts on the interactions of plants with their biotic environment. Furthermore, we want to identify general principles, which hold across different species, and develop meaningful measures to describe the fascinating diversity of defence chemicals in plants. These tasks require integrated scientific collaboration of experts in experimental and theoretical ecology, including chemical and molecular ecology, (bio)chemistry and evolution.
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Rizzo E, Sherman T, Manosalva P, Gomez SK. Assessment of Local and Systemic Changes in Plant Gene Expression and Aphid Responses during Potato Interactions with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Potato Aphids. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E82. [PMID: 31936508 PMCID: PMC7020417 DOI: 10.3390/plants9010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
This research examined aphid and plant responses to distinct levels (none, low, and high) of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal root colonization by studying the association between potato aphids (Macrosiphum euphorbiae), potatoes (Solanum tuberosum), and AM fungi (Rhizophagus intraradices). It extends knowledge on gene expression changes, assessed by RT-qPCR, of ten defense-related genes at two time-points post-herbivory (24 h and 10 days), focusing on aphid-infested local leaves, non-infested systemic leaves, and roots. The results showed that aphid fitness was not altered by AM symbiosis. At 24 h, ETHYLENE RECEPTOR 1 gene expression was repressed in roots of aphid-infested non-mycorrhizal plants and aphid-infested plants with a high level of AM fungal root colonization, but not on aphid-infested plants with a low level of AM fungal root colonization. At 10 days, ALLENE OXIDE CYCLASE and POTATO TYPE I PROTEASE INHIBITOR were upregulated exclusively in local leaves of aphid-infested plants with a low level of AM fungal root colonization. In addition, local and systemic changes in plant gene expression appeared to be regulated exclusively by AM status and aphid herbivory. In summary, the gene expression data provide insights on mycorrhizal potato responses to aphid herbivory and serve as a starting point for future studies using this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Rizzo
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, 501 20th St., Greeley, CO 80639, USA; (E.R.); (T.S.)
| | - Tyler Sherman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, 501 20th St., Greeley, CO 80639, USA; (E.R.); (T.S.)
| | - Patricia Manosalva
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;
| | - S. Karen Gomez
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, 501 20th St., Greeley, CO 80639, USA; (E.R.); (T.S.)
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Favre-Godal Q, Gourguillon L, Lordel-Madeleine S, Gindro K, Choisy P. Orchids and their mycorrhizal fungi: an insufficiently explored relationship. MYCORRHIZA 2020; 30:5-22. [PMID: 31982950 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-020-00934-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Orchids are associated with diverse fungal taxa, including nonmycorrhizal endophytic fungi as well as mycorrhizal fungi. The orchid mycorrhizal (OM) symbiosis is an excellent model for investigating the biological interactions between plants and fungi due to their high dependency on these symbionts for growth and survival. To capture the complexity of OM interactions, significant genomic, numerous transcriptomic, and proteomic studies have been performed, unraveling partly the role of each partner. On the other hand, several papers studied the bioactive metabolites from each partner but rarely interpreted their significance in this symbiotic relationship. In this review, we focus from a biochemical viewpoint on the OM dynamics and its molecular interactions. The ecological functions of OM in plant development and stress resistance are described first, summarizing recent literature. Secondly, because only few studies have specifically looked on OM molecular interactions, the signaling pathways and compounds allowing the establishment/maintenance of mycorrhizal association involved in arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) are discussed in parallel with OM. Based on mechanistic similarities between OM and AM, and recent findings on orchids' endophytes, a putative model representing the different molecular strategies that OM fungi might employ to establish this association is proposed. It is hypothesized here that (i) orchids would excrete plant molecule signals such as strigolactones and flavonoids but also other secondary metabolites; (ii) in response, OM fungi would secrete mycorrhizal factors (Myc factors) or similar compounds to activate the common symbiosis genes (CSGs); (iii) overcome the defense mechanism by evasion of the pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)-triggered immunity and by secretion of effectors such as small inhibitor proteins; and (iv) finally, secrete phytohormones to help the colonization or disrupt the crosstalk of plant defense phytohormones. To challenge this putative model, targeted and untargeted metabolomics studies with special attention to each partner's contribution are finally encouraged and some technical approaches are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Favre-Godal
- LVMH recherche, Innovation Matériaux Naturels et Développement Durable, 185 avenue de Verdun, 45800, St Jean de Braye, France.
- CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, Chimie analytique des molécules bioactives et pharmacognosie, Université de Strasbourg, F-67000, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Lorène Gourguillon
- LVMH recherche, Innovation Matériaux Naturels et Développement Durable, 185 avenue de Verdun, 45800, St Jean de Braye, France
| | - Sonia Lordel-Madeleine
- CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, Chimie analytique des molécules bioactives et pharmacognosie, Université de Strasbourg, F-67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Katia Gindro
- Agroscope, Swiss Federal Research Station, Plant Protection, 60 Route de Duiller, PO Box, 1260, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Choisy
- LVMH recherche, Innovation Matériaux Naturels et Développement Durable, 185 avenue de Verdun, 45800, St Jean de Braye, France
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Szuba A, Marczak Ł, Karliński L, Mucha J, Tomaszewski D. Regulation of the leaf proteome by inoculation of Populus × canescens with two Paxillus involutus isolates differing in root colonization rates. MYCORRHIZA 2019; 29:503-517. [PMID: 31456074 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-019-00910-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
During ectomycorrhizal symbioses, up to 30% of the carbon produced in leaves may be translocated to the fungal partner. Given that the leaf response to root colonization is largely unknown, we performed a leaf proteome analysis of Populus × canescens inoculated in vitro with two isolates of Paxillus involutus significantly differing in root colonization rates (65 ± 7% vs 14 ± 7%), together with plant growth and leaf biochemistry analyses to determine the response of plant leaves to ectomycorrhizal root colonization. The isolate that more efficiently colonized roots (isolate H) affected 9.1% of the leaf proteome compared with control plants. Simultaneously, ectomycorrhiza in isolate H-inoculated plants led to improved plant growth and an increased abundance of leaf proteins involved in protein turnover, stress response, carbohydrate metabolism, and photosynthesis. The protein increment was also correlated with increases in chlorophyll, foliar carbon, and carbohydrate contents. Although inoculation of P. × canescens roots with the other P. involutus isolate (isolate L, characterized by a low root colonization ratio) affected 6.8% of the leaf proteome compared with control plants, most proteins were downregulated. The proteomic signals of increased carbohydrate biosynthesis were not detected, and carbohydrate, carbon, and leaf pigment levels and plant biomass did not differ from the noninoculated plants. Our results revealed that the upregulation of the photosynthetic protein abundance and levels of leaf carbohydrate are positively related to rates of root colonization. Upregulation of photosynthetic proteins, chlorophyll, and leaf carbohydrate levels in ectomycorrhizal plants was positively related to root colonization rates and resulted in increased carbon translocation and sequestration underground.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Szuba
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Marczak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Z. Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznań, Poland
| | - Leszek Karliński
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland
| | - Joanna Mucha
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland
| | - Dominik Tomaszewski
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland
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Müller NA, Kersten B, Fladung M, Schroeder H. RNA-seq of eight different poplar clones reveals conserved up-regulation of gene expression in response to insect herbivory. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:673. [PMID: 31455224 PMCID: PMC6712675 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6048-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herbivorous insects can have a profound impact on plant growth performance. In some years, canopy damage in poplar plantations exceeds 50% of the total leaf surface, thereby possibly compromising carbon fixation and biomass yield. To assess the transcriptional response of elite poplar clones to insect feeding and to test whether this response varies between different genotypes, we performed an RNA-sequencing experiment. We deeply sequenced the transcriptomes of eight elite clones belonging to three poplar species (Populus trichocarpa, P. nigra and P. maximowiczii), under Phratora vitellinae feeding and control conditions. This allowed us to precisely quantify transcript levels of about 24,000 expressed genes. RESULTS Our data reveal a striking overall up-regulation of gene expression under insect attack in all eight poplar clones studied. The up-regulated genes were markedly enriched for the biological process 'regulation of transcription' indicating a highly concerted restructuring of the transcriptome. A search for potential cis-regulatory elements (CREs) that may be involved in this process identified the G-box (CACGTG) as the most significant motif in the promoters of the induced genes. In line with the role of the G-box in jasmonate (JA)-mediated activation of gene expression by MYC2, several genes involved in JA biosynthesis and signaling were up-regulated in our dataset. A co-expression network analysis additionally highlighted WRKY transcription factors. Within the most prominent expression module, WRKYs were strongly overrepresented and occupied several network hubs. Finally, the insect-induced genes comprised several protein families known to be involved in plant defenses, e.g. cytochrome P450s, chitinases and protease inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS Our data represent a comprehensive characterization of the transcriptional response of selected elite poplar clones to insect herbivory. Our results suggest that the concerted up-regulation of gene expression is controlled by JA signaling and WRKY transcription factors, and activates several defense mechanisms. Our data highlight potential targets of selection and may thus contribute to breeding insect-resistant poplar clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels A Müller
- Thünen Institute of Forest Genetics, Sieker Landstraße 2, 22927, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Birgit Kersten
- Thünen Institute of Forest Genetics, Sieker Landstraße 2, 22927, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Matthias Fladung
- Thünen Institute of Forest Genetics, Sieker Landstraße 2, 22927, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Hilke Schroeder
- Thünen Institute of Forest Genetics, Sieker Landstraße 2, 22927, Grosshansdorf, Germany.
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Bacht M, Tarkka MT, López IF, Bönn M, Brandl R, Buscot F, Feldhahn L, Grams TEE, Herrmann S, Schädler M. Tree Response to Herbivory Is Affected by Endogenous Rhythmic Growth and Attenuated by Cotreatment With a Mycorrhizal Fungus. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2019; 32:770-781. [PMID: 30753106 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-10-18-0290-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Herbivores and mycorrhizal fungi interactively influence growth, resource utilization, and plant defense responses. We studied these interactions in a tritrophic system comprising Quercus robur, the herbivore Lymantria dispar, and the ectomycorrhizal fungus Piloderma croceum under controlled laboratory conditions at the levels of gene expression and carbon and nitrogen (C/N) allocation. Taking advantage of the endogenous rhythmic growth displayed by oak, we thereby compared gene transcript abundances and resource shifts during shoot growth with those during the alternating root growth flushes. During root flush, herbivore feeding on oak leaves led to an increased expression of genes related to plant growth and enriched gene ontology terms related to cell wall, DNA replication, and defense. C/N-allocation analyses indicated an increased export of resources from aboveground plant parts to belowground. Accordingly, the expression of genes related to the transport of carbohydrates increased upon herbivore attack in leaves during the root flush stage. Inoculation with an ectomycorrhizal fungus attenuated these effects but, instead, caused an increased expression of genes related to the production of volatile organic compounds. We conclude that oak defense response against herbivory is strong in root flush at the transcriptomic level but this response is strongly inhibited by inoculation with ectomycorrhizal fungi and it is extremely weak at shoot flush.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bacht
- 1 Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch Str. 8, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Mika T Tarkka
- 2 Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
- 3 German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Iván Fernández López
- 2 Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
- 3 German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Bönn
- 2 Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Roland Brandl
- 1 Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch Str. 8, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - François Buscot
- 2 Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
- 3 German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lasse Feldhahn
- 2 Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Thorsten E E Grams
- 4 Ecophysiology of Plants, Technical University Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Sylvie Herrmann
- 2 Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Martin Schädler
- 3 German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- 5 Department of Community Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
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Schoenherr AP, Rizzo E, Jackson N, Manosalva P, Gomez SK. Mycorrhiza-Induced Resistance in Potato Involves Priming of Defense Responses Against Cabbage Looper (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera). ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 48:370-381. [PMID: 30715218 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvy195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Most plants form mutualistic associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi that are ubiquitous in soils. Through this symbiosis, plants can withstand abiotic and biotic stresses. The underlying molecular mechanisms involved in mediating mycorrhiza-induced resistance against insects needs further research, and this is particularly true for potato (Solanum tuberosum L. (Solanales: Solanaceae)), which is the fourth most important crop worldwide. In this study, the tripartite interaction between potato, the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis (Glomerales: Glomeraceae), and cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was examined to determine whether potato exhibits mycorrhiza-induced resistance against this insect. Plant growth, insect fitness, AM fungal colonization of roots, and transcript levels of defense-related genes were measured in shoots and roots after 5 and 8 d of herbivory on mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal plants. AM fungal colonization of roots did not have an effect on potato growth, but root colonization levels increased by herbivory. Larval weight gain was reduced after 8 d of feeding on mycorrhizal plants compared with nonmycorrhizal plants. Systemic upregulation of Allene Oxide Synthase 1 (AOS1), 12-Oxo-Phytodienoate Reductase 3 (OPR3) (jasmonic acid pathway), Protease Inhibitor Type I (PI-I) (anti-herbivore defense), and Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase (PAL) transcripts (phenylpropanoid pathway) was found during the tripartite interaction. Together, these findings suggest that potato may exhibit mycorrhiza-induced resistance to cabbage looper by priming anti-herbivore defenses aboveground. This study illustrates how mycorrhizal potato responds to herbivory by a generalist-chewing insect and serves as the basis for future studies involving tripartite interactions with other pests.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Rizzo
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO
| | - Natasha Jackson
- Microbiology and Plant Pathology Department, University of California, Riverside, University Avenue, Riverside, CA
| | - Patricia Manosalva
- Microbiology and Plant Pathology Department, University of California, Riverside, University Avenue, Riverside, CA
| | - S Karen Gomez
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO
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Naidoo S, Slippers B, Plett JM, Coles D, Oates CN. The Road to Resistance in Forest Trees. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:273. [PMID: 31001287 PMCID: PMC6455082 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, forests have been exposed to an unprecedented rise in pests and pathogens. This, coupled with the added challenge of climate change, renders forest plantation stock vulnerable to attack and severely limits productivity. Genotypes resistant to such biotic challenges are desired in plantation forestry to reduce losses. Conventional breeding has been a main avenue to obtain resistant genotypes. More recently, genetic engineering has become a viable approach to develop resistance against pests and pathogens in forest trees. Tree genomic resources have contributed to advancements in both these approaches. Genome-wide association studies and genomic selection in tree populations have accelerated breeding tools while integration of various levels of omics information facilitates the selection of candidate genes for genetic engineering. Furthermore, tree associations with non-pathogenic endophytic and subterranean microbes play a critical role in plant health and may be engineered in forest trees to improve resistance in the future. We look at recent studies in forest trees describing defense mechanisms using such approaches and propose the way forward to developing superior genotypes with enhanced resistance against biotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanushka Naidoo
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Bernard Slippers
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jonathan M. Plett
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, Australia
| | - Donovin Coles
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, Australia
| | - Caryn N. Oates
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Metabolomic investigations in cerebrospinal fluid of Parkinson's disease. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208752. [PMID: 30532185 PMCID: PMC6287824 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The underlying mechanisms of Parkinson´s disease are not completely revealed. Especially, early diagnostic biomarkers are lacking. To characterize early pathophysiological events, research is focusing on metabolomics. In this case-control study we investigated the metabolic profile of 31 Parkinson´s disease-patients in comparison to 95 neurologically healthy controls. The investigation of metabolites in CSF was performed by a 12 Tesla SolariX Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometer (FT-ICR-MS). Multivariate statistical analysis sorted the most important biomarkers in relation to their ability to differentiate Parkinson versus control. The affected metabolites, their connection and their conversion pathways are described by means of network analysis. The metabolic profiling by FT-ICR-MS in CSF yielded in a good group separation, giving insights into the disease mechanisms. A total number of 243 metabolites showed an affected intensity in Parkinson´s disease, whereas 15 of these metabolites seem to be the main biological contributors. The network analysis showed a connection to the tricarboxylic cycle (TCA cycle) and therefore to mitochondrial dysfunction and increased oxidative stress within mitochondria. The metabolomic analysis of CSF in Parkinson´s disease showed an association to pathways which are involved in lipid/ fatty acid metabolism, energy metabolism, glutathione metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Clancy MV, Zytynska SE, Moritz F, Witting M, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Weisser WW, Schnitzler JP. Metabotype variation in a field population of tansy plants influences aphid host selection. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:2791-2805. [PMID: 30035804 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that plant volatiles influence herbivores in their selection of a host plant; however, less is known about how the nonvolatile metabolome affects herbivore host selection. Metabolic diversity between intraspecific plants can be characterized using non-targeted mass spectrometry that gives us a snapshot overview of all metabolic processes occurring within a plant at a particular time. Here, we show that non-targeted metabolomics can be used to reveal links between intraspecific chemical diversity and ecological processes in tansy (Tanacetum vulgare). First, we show that tansy plants can be categorized into five subgroups based up on their metabolic profiles, and that these "metabotypes" influenced natural aphid colonization in the field. Second, this grouping was not due to induced metabolomic changes within the plant due to aphid feeding but rather resulted from constitutive differences in chemical diversity between plants. These findings highlight the importance of intraspecific chemical diversity within one plant population and provide the first report of a non-targeted metabolomic field study in chemical ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary V Clancy
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Research Unit Environmental Simulation (EUS), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sharon E Zytynska
- Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Freising, Germany
| | - Franco Moritz
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry (BCG), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Witting
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry (BCG), Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry (BCG), Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Wolfgang W Weisser
- Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Freising, Germany
| | - Jörg-Peter Schnitzler
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Research Unit Environmental Simulation (EUS), Neuherberg, Germany
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Creyaufmüller FC, Chassignet I, Delb H, Dounavi A, Gailing O, Leinemann L, Kreuzwieser J, Teply-Szymanski J, Vornam B. Terpene Synthase Genes in Quercus robur - Gene Characterization, Expression and Resulting Terpenes Due to Cockchafer Feeding. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1753. [PMID: 30559755 PMCID: PMC6287202 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Root herbivory caused by larvae of the forest cockchafer (Melolontha hippocastani) enhances the impact of drought on trees, particularly in oak forest rejuvenations. In Germany, geographically distant oak stands show differences in infestation strength by the forest cockchafer. While in Southwestern Germany this insect causes severe damage, oak forests in northern Germany are rarely infested. It is known that root-released volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are perceived by soil herbivores, thus guiding the larvae toward the host roots. In this work, we exposed seedlings of two distant oak provenances to forest cockchafer larvae and studied their population genetic properties, their root-based VOC chemotypes, their attraction for larvae and terpene synthase gene expression. Based on nuclear and chloroplast marker analysis, we found both oak populations to be genetically highly variable while showing typical patterns of migration from different refugial regions. However, no clear association between genetic constitution of the different provenances and the abundance of cockchafer populations on site was observed. In contrast to observations in the field, bioassays revealed a preference of the larvae for the northeastern oak provenance. The behavior of larvae was most likely related to root-released volatile terpenes and benzenoids since their composition and quantity differed between oak populations. We assume repellent effects of these compounds because the populations attractive to insects showed low abundance of these compounds. Five different oak terpene synthase (TPS) genes were identified at the genomic level which can be responsible for biosynthesis of the released terpenes. TPS gene expression patterns in response to larval feeding revealed geographic variation rather than genotypic variation. Our results support the assumption that root-released VOC are influencing the perception of roots by herbivores.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabelle Chassignet
- Department of Forest Protection, Forest Research Institute Baden-Württemberg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Horst Delb
- Department of Forest Protection, Forest Research Institute Baden-Württemberg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Aikaterini Dounavi
- Department of Forest Protection, Forest Research Institute Baden-Württemberg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Gailing
- Department of Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ludger Leinemann
- Department of Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kreuzwieser
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julia Teply-Szymanski
- Department of Forest Protection, Forest Research Institute Baden-Württemberg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Vornam
- Department of Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Ferlian O, Biere A, Bonfante P, Buscot F, Eisenhauer N, Fernandez I, Hause B, Herrmann S, Krajinski-Barth F, Meier IC, Pozo MJ, Rasmann S, Rillig MC, Tarkka MT, van Dam NM, Wagg C, Martinez-Medina A. Growing Research Networks on Mycorrhizae for Mutual Benefits. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 23:975-984. [PMID: 30241736 PMCID: PMC6370000 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Research on mycorrhizal interactions has traditionally developed into separate disciplines addressing different organizational levels. This separation has led to an incomplete understanding of mycorrhizal functioning. Integration of mycorrhiza research at different scales is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying the context dependency of mycorrhizal associations, and to use mycorrhizae for solving environmental issues. Here, we provide a road map for the integration of mycorrhiza research into a unique framework that spans genes to ecosystems. Using two key topics, we identify parallels in mycorrhiza research at different organizational levels. Based on two current projects, we show how scientific integration creates synergies, and discuss future directions. Only by overcoming disciplinary boundaries, we will achieve a more comprehensive understanding of the functioning of mycorrhizal associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Ferlian
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Arjen Biere
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paola Bonfante
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - François Buscot
- Department of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Straße 4, 06120 Halle, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ivan Fernandez
- Department of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Straße 4, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Bettina Hause
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Sylvie Herrmann
- Department of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Straße 4, 06120 Halle, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Ina C Meier
- Plant Ecology, University of Goettingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maria J Pozo
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Prof. Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Sergio Rasmann
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias C Rillig
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstr. 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mika T Tarkka
- Department of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Straße 4, 06120 Halle, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nicole M van Dam
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Cameron Wagg
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ainhoa Martinez-Medina
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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Tugizimana F, Mhlongo MI, Piater LA, Dubery IA. Metabolomics in Plant Priming Research: The Way Forward? Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061759. [PMID: 29899301 PMCID: PMC6032392 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A new era of plant biochemistry at the systems level is emerging, providing detailed descriptions of biochemical phenomena at the cellular and organismal level. This new era is marked by the advent of metabolomics—the qualitative and quantitative investigation of the entire metabolome (in a dynamic equilibrium) of a biological system. This field has developed as an indispensable methodological approach to study cellular biochemistry at a global level. For protection and survival in a constantly-changing environment, plants rely on a complex and multi-layered innate immune system. This involves surveillance of ‘self’ and ‘non-self,’ molecule-based systemic signalling and metabolic adaptations involving primary and secondary metabolites as well as epigenetic modulation mechanisms. Establishment of a pre-conditioned or primed state can sensitise or enhance aspects of innate immunity for faster and stronger responses. Comprehensive elucidation of the molecular and biochemical processes associated with the phenotypic defence state is vital for a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that define the metabolism of plant–pathogen interactions. Such insights are essential for translational research and applications. Thus, this review highlights the prospects of metabolomics and addresses current challenges that hinder the realisation of the full potential of the field. Such limitations include partial coverage of the metabolome and maximising the value of metabolomics data (extraction of information and interpretation). Furthermore, the review points out key features that characterise both the plant innate immune system and enhancement of the latter, thus underlining insights from metabolomic studies in plant priming. Future perspectives in this inspiring area are included, with the aim of stimulating further studies leading to a better understanding of plant immunity at the metabolome level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fidele Tugizimana
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Centre for Plant Metabolomics, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa.
| | - Msizi I Mhlongo
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Centre for Plant Metabolomics, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa.
| | - Lizelle A Piater
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Centre for Plant Metabolomics, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa.
| | - Ian A Dubery
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Centre for Plant Metabolomics, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa.
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